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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-聯合國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聯合國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>聯合國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聯合國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>批評</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社會正義運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社會正義運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>社會正義運動</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社會正義運動-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社會正義運動子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社會正義運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-保健" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保健"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>保健</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保健-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人權教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人權教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>人權教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人權教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-“社會正義勇士”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#“社會正義勇士”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>“社會正義勇士”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-“社會正義勇士”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-跨区域比較" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#跨区域比較"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>跨区域比較</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-跨区域比較-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关跨区域比較子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-跨区域比較-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-_中华人民共和国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#_中华人民共和国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><span> </span>中华人民共和国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-_中华人民共和国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關討論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關討論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>相關討論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關討論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>參考書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">社會正義</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。52种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عدالة اجتماعية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدالة اجتماعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_%C9%99dal%C9%99t" title="Sosial ədalət – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sosial ədalət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ایجتیماعی عدالت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایجتیماعی عدالت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Социална справедливост – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Социална справедливост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%C3%ADcia_social" title="Justícia social – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Justícia social" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_spravedlnost" title="Sociální spravedlnost – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sociální spravedlnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfiawnder_cymdeithasol" title="Cyfiawnder cymdeithasol – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfiawnder cymdeithasol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soziale_Gerechtigkeit" title="Soziale Gerechtigkeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Soziale Gerechtigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κοινωνική δικαιοσύνη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινωνική δικαιοσύνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Social justice" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socia_justeco" title="Socia justeco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Socia justeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justicia_social" title="Justicia social – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Justicia social" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotsiaalne_%C3%B5iglus" title="Sotsiaalne õiglus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sotsiaalne õiglus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justizia_sozial" title="Justizia sozial – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Justizia sozial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="عدالت اجتماعی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدالت اجتماعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_sociale" title="Justice sociale – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Justice sociale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceartas_s%C3%B3isialta" title="Ceartas sóisialta – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceartas sóisialta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xustiza_social" title="Xustiza social – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xustiza social" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF" title="સામાજિક ન્યાય – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સામાજિક ન્યાય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99" title="צדק חברתי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צדק חברתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="सामाजिक न्याय – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामाजिक न्याय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalna_pravda" title="Socijalna pravda – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Socijalna pravda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rsadalmi_igazs%C3%A1goss%C3%A1g" title="Társadalmi igazságosság – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Társadalmi igazságosság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սոցիալական արդարություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոցիալական արդարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keadilan_sosial" title="Keadilan sosial – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keadilan sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giustizia_sociale" title="Giustizia sociale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giustizia sociale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="社会正義 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会正義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სოციალური სამართლიანობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოციალური სამართლიანობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%98" title="사회 정의 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회 정의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iustitia_socialis" title="Iustitia socialis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iustitia socialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giustizia_sociala" title="Giustizia sociala – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giustizia sociala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialinis_teisingumas" title="Socialinis teisingumas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Socialinis teisingumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="सामाजिक न्याय – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सामाजिक न्याय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keadilan_sosial" title="Keadilan sosial – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keadilan sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="सामाजिक न्याय – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सामाजिक न्याय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociale_rechtvaardigheid" title="Sociale rechtvaardigheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sociale rechtvaardigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial_rettferdighet" title="Sosial rettferdighet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sosial rettferdighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਸਮਾਜਕ ਨਿਆਂ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਾਜਕ ਨਿਆਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81" title="سماجی انصاف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سماجی انصاف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ټولنیز عدالت – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټولنیز عدالت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justi%C3%A7a_social" title="Justiça social – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Justiça social" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreptate_social%C4%83" title="Dreptate socială – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dreptate socială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Социальная справедливость – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Социальная справедливость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalna_pravda" title="Socijalna pravda – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Socijalna pravda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Social justice" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Социјална правда – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Социјална правда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="சமூக நீதி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமூக நீதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D2%B7%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Адолати иҷтимоӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Адолати иҷтимоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyal_adalet" title="Sosyal adalet – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sosyal adalet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Соціальна справедливість – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соціальна справедливість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_b%E1%BA%B1ng_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Công bằng xã hội – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công bằng xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%81-h%C5%8De_ch%C3%A8ng-g%C4%AB" title="Siā-hōe chèng-gī – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siā-hōe chèng-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q264892#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding:0 0.2em 0.4em; font-size:150%; line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="批判教育學">批判教育學</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-botom: #aaa 1px solid;"> 主要作品</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8E%8B%E8%BF%AB%E8%80%85%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="被压迫者教育学">被壓迫者教育學</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="批判教育入門（页面不存在）">批判教育入門</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="學習勞動（页面不存在）">學習勞動</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%88%87%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%9A%84%E9%AC%A5%E7%88%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="學校教育與公共生活的鬥爭（页面不存在）">學校教育與公共生活的鬥爭</a>》</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-botom: #aaa 1px solid;"> 理論家</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E9%9B%B7" title="保罗·弗莱雷">保羅·弗萊雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E9%B2%81" title="亨利·吉鲁">亨利·吉魯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%80%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·麥克拉倫（页面不存在）">彼得·麥克拉倫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="贝尔·胡克斯">貝爾·胡克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安東尼娅·達德（页面不存在）">安東尼娅·達德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喬·金切洛伊（页面不存在）">喬·金切洛伊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%AA%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雪莉·斯坦伯格（页面不存在）">雪莉·斯坦伯格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="保罗·威利斯">保羅·威利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊拉·肖爾（页面不存在）">伊拉·肖爾</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-botom: #aaa 1px solid;"> 教學方法</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a 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title="實踐">實踐</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%B1%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隱藏課程（页面不存在）">隱藏課程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意識提升（页面不存在）">意識提升</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-botom: #aaa 1px solid;"> 相關主題</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重建主義（页面不存在）">重建主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="法蘭克福學派">法蘭克福學派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治意識（页面不存在）">政治意識</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:批判教育學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:批判教育學（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:批判教育學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>社會正義</b>（英語：<span lang="en">social justice</span>），又稱<b>社會公義</b>，指在一<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a>內分擔<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="責任">責任</a> 、安排社會地位、及分配資源上符合正義的原則。此概念包含了社會評價及社會道德的特性，如「社會生活最有價值的為何」及「社會合作怎麼樣才是公平的」。據此，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E7%95%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正當的分配（页面不存在）">正當的分配</a>（just distribution）意指根據由<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>或其他審議過程所立下的規範性價值順序來進行分配。此<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="正義">正義</a>觀之所以重要是因為只有在被認為是正義的社會系統下，社會合作、政治正當性、政權合法性及政治效忠才能有真正基礎。 </p><p>關於社會正義的研究分成兩大部份：一為正義觀的規範性理論（探究普世的規範性社會正義準則），一為實證性社會正義研究（評量社會分配是否符合正義的社會秩序）。<sup id="cite_ref-HarringtonMarshall2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarringtonMarshall2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%A5%91%E7%B4%84" title="社會契約">社會契約</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="正義">正義</a></div> <p>正義在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>時期討論的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="西方哲學">西方哲學</a>有著不同的概念，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a>是典型的議題。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="柏拉圖">柏拉圖</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="共和國">共和國</a>中寫道，一個理想的狀態是“社會的每一個成員都必須分配到他自己認為最合適的階級中。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>認為，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="權利">權利</a>只存在於<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="自由人">自由人</a>之間，而法律應該採取“個人首先應該受到與他的財富對稱的待遇，其次才有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" class="mw-disambig" title="平等">平等</a>的關係。” <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80" title="以弗所">以弗所</a>給<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="保羅">保羅</a>的信中指出，每個人都應該與他出生的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="階級">階級</a>綁定。這反映了當時典型的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隸制">奴隸制</a>和對女權的壓制，古老的公正觀仍然盛行著嚴格的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="階級制度">階級制度</a>。然而，在特權階層中，對於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="公平">公平</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="社群">社群</a>的則有很強的觀念。亞里斯多德曾說的分配公平，要求人們根據自己的功德派發現金紅利商品和資產。<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇格拉底">蘇格拉底</a>（通過柏拉圖與克利托的對話可知）則認為，由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%A5%91%E7%B4%84" title="社會契約">社會契約</a>這個概念的發展，人們應該遵循社會規則，並承受受它所帶來的負擔，因為他們接受了社會的好處。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>學者特別是托馬斯·阿奎那，繼續以不同的方式來討論公平，但最終他還是認為，應該做一個以為上帝服務為宗旨的好公民。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>後，人的潛能經過不斷開發，社會正義的現代觀念開始在一系列作家的作品中浮現。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E8%AB%BE%E8%8E%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯賓諾莎">斯賓諾莎</a>在“知性改進論Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione（1677）”爭辯說，我們要去獲得生活的一個真諦“一個人的特質比他/她自己更加穩定”，並且為了實現“完美的極致......如果可能的話最好是，他應該連同其他個人，一起達到這種特質。“在<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="啟蒙運動">啟蒙運動</a>、法國和美國大革命中，托馬斯·潘恩同樣寫了人的權利（1792），社會應該給予“天賦公平，普遍的機會”所以“政府的建設應達到像它提出的...一切從來沒有在革命中出現過的程度的能力。” </p><p>“社會正義”是通過創造<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="耶穌會">耶穌會</a>教士路易吉Taparelli在19世紀40年代。具體的“社會正義”的第一個現代用法通常來源於19世紀40年代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>思想家們，包括在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1" title="卡托利卡">卡托利卡</a>文化宮的天主教徒路易吉Taparelli，基於聖托馬斯·阿奎那的研究。他認為，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a>競爭的理論，既不是主觀<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="笛卡爾">笛卡爾</a>思路中的，破壞了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8" title="社会存在">社會存在</a>的統一，也不是托馬斯主義的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="形而上學">形而上學</a>充分關注的道德理念。英國哲學家，政治家和經濟學家約翰·斯圖亞特·穆勒在1861年提出的功利主義中寫道，“社會應該平等地給予每一個人應得的待遇，那才是每個人得到的最好的對待，這是社會正義和分配公平的最高標準;所有機構和所有善良的公民應該共同付出最大的努力。” </p><p>在後來的19世紀和20世紀初，社會正義成為美國政治和法律哲學的一個重要主題，尤其是杜威，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%90%E5%BE%B7" title="龐德">龐德</a>和布蘭代斯路易斯。其中一個主要的擔憂是洛克納時代，美國最高法院作出的決定，推翻了由州政府和聯邦政府通過的促進社會和經濟進步的立法提案，如八小時工作日或加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="工會">工會</a>的權力。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>後，國際勞工組織在創始檔序言中採取了同樣的術語，它指出，“唯有基於社會正義，普遍和持久的和平才能被建立”。從此，社會正義的討論進入了主流的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>和學術論述中。20世紀後期，一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="自由派">自由派</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="保守派">保守派</a>思想家，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里德里希·冯·哈耶克">弗裏德裏希·馮·哈耶克</a>反對這個概念，他聲稱，社會正義並不意味著什麼，或者說沒有多大的意義。但是這個概念仍然非常有影響力，特別是推廣它的哲學家，如約翰·<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="羅爾斯">羅爾斯</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="聯合國"><span id=".E8.81.AF.E5.90.88.E5.9C.8B"></span>聯合國</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：聯合國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>2006年的文檔《公正開放世界中的社會正義：聯合國的作用》指出，「社會正義可以被廣泛地理解為，公平並富同情心地分佈經濟增長的果實……。」 </p><p>所謂「社會正義」被聯合國視為保護<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="人權">人權</a>的代表，並於60年代後半期，第一次出現在聯合國的文本。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的倡議以及發展中國家的支持下，這個詞被用在1969年通過的《社會進步和發展宣言》。 </p><p>同一份檔裡，提供了一個簡明的歷史：「社會正義的概念是比較新穎的。歷史上最偉大的哲學家──柏拉圖、亞裏士多德、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>、阿威羅伊、甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="盧梭">盧梭</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="康德">康德</a>──沒有一位看見這項需求，以社會的角度考量正義或補救不公。這個概念在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業革命">工業革命</a>和社會主義學說的並行開發時期，首先在西方思想和政治語言中浮現。它的出現成為一種對抗資本主義剝削與改善人類發展的表現，亦成為體現進步與博愛的革命性口號。繼１９世紀中葉震驚歐洲的革命後，社會正義成為許多思想家和政治家振臂高呼的理念……到了二十世紀中葉，社會正義的概念已經成為世界各地幾乎所有左派和中間派政黨的意識形態與方案……。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="批評"><span id=".E6.89.B9.E8.A9.95"></span>批評</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：批評"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>許多人接受一些社會正義的基本原則，就像所有的人都有<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="價值">價值</a>的一個基本水準，但不同意這推敲出的結論可能會也可能不會遵循。其中一個例子是來自H.G.威爾斯的聲明，所有的人都「有被同胞給予相同尊重的權利」。 </p><p>而另一方面，有些學者反對社會正義這個真實的觀念是毫無意義的，宗教、自相矛盾和意識形態的想法，認為實現社會正義的任何程度是不可行的，而這樣做的嘗試必須毀壞所有的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="自由">自由</a>。或許對社會正義概念的全面排斥來自於<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="哈耶克">哈耶克</a>的奧地利學派經濟學：任何的測試都沒辦法使我們發現什麼是「社會不公」，因為沒有由於受到這種不公，便可以承諾的，且個人主導<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="市場">市場</a>秩序的習慣是沒有規則的，這會促成個人和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="群體">群體</a>其本身位置如果由其中確定的程式分開的話似乎只對我們顯現。社會正義不屬於錯誤的類別，而是屬於胡言亂語的類別，像俗話所說的「一顆道義上的石頭」。 </p><p>在新南威爾士大學的班奧尼爾，一位對「社會正義」的支持者，則認為：對「<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="權利">權利</a>」的概念僅僅是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E7%9B%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="權益">權益</a>的期限，聲稱表示為了任何可能渴望得到的好處，無論多麼重要的還是微不足道的，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="抽象">抽象</a>的或有形的，近期或古代。這僅僅是<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%BE%E6%9C%9B" title="慾望">慾望</a>的維護，而意圖聲明使用權利的語言去獲得人們所說的慾望。 </p><p>事實上，由於社會正義的程式不可避免地涉及為<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>提供貨物，透過別人的努力，這個術語實際上指的是意圖用武力來獲取一個人的慾望。<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="理性">理性</a>思維和行動，生產和自願交換無法賺取商品，但可以從那些可以提供給他們的人中強取商品。 </p><p>雅努什Korwin-Mikke認為簡單地說：「無論『社會正義』是否與正義具有相同的含義，如果是，為什麼要使用社會這兩個額外的字？」「我們失去的時候，我們破壞樹木以獲得所需的紙張來列印，如果不是，『社會正義』意味著一些與『正義』的不同之處－而與『正義』的不同之處是由不公所定義的」。 </p><p>社會學家卡爾·班克斯頓L.一直認為，世俗的、左派的社會正義觀點將商品和資源的再分配視為是基於弱勢族群的權利，而不是憐憫或國家利益的權利。班克斯頓認為，社會正義的這個世俗版本由於經濟的需求方和民權運動道德影響力的上升將被廣泛接受。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社會正義運動"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E6.AD.A3.E7.BE.A9.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95"></span>社會正義運動</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：社會正義運動"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>社會正義也用來形容走向社會公正世界的運動，例如：全球正義運動。在此背景下，社會公正是基於人權和平等的觀念，並可以被定義為「人權體現在人們日常生活的方式」。 </p><p>許多運動正在努力實現社會社會正義─使社會的所有成員，不論其背景，皆享有基本人權，以及平等享受社會利益的機會。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="保健"><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E5.81.A5"></span>保健</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：保健"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>社會正義更進入了生物倫理領域。其討論涉及的主題，舉例來說，如可負擔的衛生保健，提出了許多問題，諸如社會是否應當負擔低收入家庭的醫療費用，以及全球市場是否是處理醫療保健服務的一件好事。 </p><p>當人口之間存在可預防的健康狀態差異，社會不公現象即會發生。這些社會不公在不平等的情況下愈易發生，例如，營養不良和傳染病更加容易流行在一個貧窮的國家中。這些負面的健康狀況往往可以通過社會和經濟來改善，如：初級衛生保健可以保證了所有民眾，有平等的機會獲得醫療保健服務，無論其收入水準、性別、受教育程度或其他任何因素。本質上地整合社會正義到健康，反映了社會對健康的決定因素之重要，其中亦不扣除生物醫學模式的作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人權教育"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.AC.8A.E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>人權教育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：人權教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維也納宣言（页面不存在）">維也納宣言</a>和行動綱領中申明：「人權教育應包括和平、民主、社會發展和社會正義，以達到共同的理解和認識，以加強世界對人權的普遍承諾」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="“社會正義勇士”"><span id=".E2.80.9C.E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E6.AD.A3.E7.BE.A9.E5.8B.87.E5.A3.AB.E2.80.9D"></span>“社會正義勇士”</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：“社會正義勇士”"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E6%88%98%E5%A3%AB" title="社会正义战士">社會正義戰士</a></div> <p>所謂社會正義的勇士是用來形容通過抨擊現有的社會規範和方案來追求社會正義，以達到不被大眾所接受的社會目標的一類人群。 </p><p>在網絡文化中，術語已被用作貶義，他們認為有人參加的反對運動，例如種族主義，性別歧視，同性戀或其他社會不公是這方面的實例。隨著“SJW”頻繁出現，大家用它來指責偽善的對手，影射幌子，並一般簡稱為是對社會問題反應過度的人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="跨区域比較"><span id=".E8.B7.A8.E5.8C.BA.E5.9F.9F.E6.AF.94.E8.BC.83"></span>跨区域比較</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：跨区域比較"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="_中华人民共和国"><span id="_.E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9B.BD"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：中华人民共和国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>政治學者<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E6%B0%B8%E5%B9%B4" title="郑永年">郑永年</a>認為當代中國有面臨到利益分化的問題，進入了所謂的“利益博弈”社会而非“<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%AF%8C%E8%A3%95" title="共同富裕">共同富裕</a>”的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%BA%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="小康社会">小康社會</a>”/“<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%90%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="和谐社会">和谐社会</a>”，因此主張「中国社会的利益博弈要求社会正义」<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>中国《正义的公平》的作者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%88%E5%B0%91%E5%B3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陈少峰（页面不存在）">陈少峰</a>則在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9D" title="温家宝">温家宝</a>总理在人大十一届五次会议宣布，“公平正义是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社会主义</a>的本质特征”，要“建立健全社会保障制度”、“关心弱势群体的生活”後接受官方媒體訪問，要「一方面，要遏制强势群体的特权或者利用其强势地位向各个领域渗透...另一方面，应当采取纠正正义的方式，对弱势群体实现其基本正义权利进行必要的援助和帮助。」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關討論"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E8.A8.8E.E8.AB.96"></span>相關討論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：相關討論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content ambox-POV-section" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unbalanced_scales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>此章節的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:中性的观点">中立性</a>有争议。</b><br />加上此模板的編輯者需在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="Talk:社會正義">討論頁</a>說明此章節中立性有爭議的原因，以便讓各編輯者討論和改善。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2012年12月9日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>從<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="柏拉圖">柏拉圖</a>反駁<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A9%AC%E6%9F%AF" title="塞拉西马柯">塞拉西马柯</a>關於正義只是強者的論點以來，社會正義一直都是個很媚惑人心的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="概念">概念</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E9%8C%84)" class="mw-redirect" title="理想國 (對話錄)">理想國</a>一書中，柏拉圖即主張一個理想的國家必須柱立在四個基礎上：智慧、勇氣、節制以及正義。而社會正義中的社會則是指將正義這個概念實踐於法律上，並且因為每個社會的文化、政治以及道德觀都不盡相同，所以社會正義在不同的社會中也會有著不同的意義與實踐。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>另外，社會正義也指社會上不同階級與領域之間付出和所得的公平性，因此這一詞也常被政黨拿來做為所得重分配的依據。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="公平">公平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" class="mw-disambig" title="平等">平等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會自由主義">社會自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E6%88%98%E5%A3%AB" title="社会正义战士">社會正義戰士</a>（一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AC%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="贬义词">貶義詞</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>文章</i> </p> <ol><li>布蘭代斯LD，“活法”（1915-1916）10伊利諾伊州法律評論461</li> <li>一個奧尼，“ 公平會，團結美國：恢復重要中心，以美國民主 “。以N加芬克爾和D揚科洛維奇（EDS）（耶魯大學出版社，2005），頁211-223</li> <li>M諾瓦克，' 定義社會正義 “（2000）第一事</li> <li>乙奧尼爾，“ 社會正義的不公 “（米塞斯研究所）</li> <li>龐德，“社會公正和法律正義”（1912年）75環法雜誌455</li> <li>權力和R Faden，“在健康不平等，不平等的醫療保健：四代的關於正義和成本 - 效益分析討論”（2000年）10（2）肯尼迪倫理學研究所雜誌109-127</li> <li>權力和R Faden，“健康護理種族和民族差異：對何時和如何事項的倫理分析，”在不平等待遇：面對種族和民族差異的衛生保健（國家科學院，醫學研究所，2002） 722-38</li> <li>聯合國經濟和社會事務部，系“社會正義的一個開放的世界：聯合國的作用”（2006年）ST / ESA / 305</li></ol> <p><i>書籍</i> </p> <ol><li>阿特金森，社會公平與公共政策（1982）</li> <li>迦得巴爾齊萊，社區和法律：法律身份的政治和文化（美國密歇根大學出版社）的非統治社區分析正義</li> <li>卡弗，在社會正義雜文（1915）第環節。</li> <li>奎格利文明的演進：介紹歷史分析（1961年）第2版1979年</li> <li>康寧，公平社會：人性的科學性和社會正義的追求（芝加哥UP 2011）</li> <li>R Faden和M Powers 社會公正：公共衛生和衛生政策的道德基礎（牛津大學出版社2006年）</li> <li>富蘭克林（ED），生活的全部：在澳大利亞人權和社會公正（康納法院2007年）</li> <li>哈耶克，法律，立法與自由（1973年）第二卷，CH 3</li> <li>G.Kitching，通過全球化尋求社會正義：擺脫民族主義的觀點（2003）</li> <li>穆勒，功利主義（1863）</li> <li>約翰·羅爾斯，正義論（哈佛大學出版社1971年）</li> <li>約翰·羅爾斯，政治自由主義（哥倫比亞大學出版社1993年）</li> <li>菲洛梅娜，B Hoose和G.曼尼恩（EDS），社會正義：神學和實踐探索（2007年）</li> <li>迅速，政治哲學（第三版2013年）1章</li> <li>邁克爾·湯普森，自由主義的界限：社會正義的理論共和黨（倫理學國際期刊：第7卷，第3期,2011年）。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>在美國著名社會正義組織 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.startguide.org/orgs/orgs06.html">http://www.startguide.org/orgs/orgs06.html</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150511125206/http://www.startguide.org/orgs/orgs06.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>社會正義月 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828082650/http://www.socialjusticemonth.org/">https://web.archive.org/web/20170828082650/http://www.socialjusticemonth.org/</a></li> <li>新興猶太社會正義圓桌會議 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://forward.com/news/129833/the-roundtable-is-offered-a-seat/">http://forward.com/news/129833/the-roundtable-is-offered-a-seat/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151016080210/http://forward.com/news/129833/the-roundtable-is-offered-a-seat/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>在美國的社會正義運動 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/index.php/Main_Page">http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/index.php/Main_Page</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150704114403/http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/index.php/Main_Page">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>信仰的社會救助改革聯盟，加拿大安大略省 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://isarc.ca/">http://isarc.ca/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150801165700/http://isarc.ca/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>社會公正的解決方案 - 社會正義新聞，專題和問題 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.socialjusticesolutions.org/">http://www.socialjusticesolutions.org/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150623193923/http://www.socialjusticesolutions.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>英國中心社會正義和福利教育 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309142750/http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/centres/sjwe/">https://web.archive.org/web/20170309142750/http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/centres/sjwe/</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考書目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：參考書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HarringtonMarshall2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HarringtonMarshall2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Austin Harrington; Barbara L. Marshall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=uWHoZJ8RzhoC&pg=PA562">Encyclopedia Of Social Theory</a>. Taylor & Francis Group. 2006: 562– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2012]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-29046-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-29046-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-29046-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&rft.au=Austin+Harrington&rft.au=Barbara+L.+Marshall&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Of+Social+Theory&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-29046-3&rft.pages=562-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuWHoZJ8RzhoC%26pg%3DPA562&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caogen.com/blog/Infor_detail.aspx?ID=66&articleId=1894">中国社会的利益博弈要求社会正义</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-12-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231842/http://www.caogen.com/blog/Infor_detail.aspx?ID=66&articleId=1894">存档</a>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caogen.com%2Fblog%2FInfor_detail.aspx%3FID%3D66%26articleId%3D1894&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511153831/http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/148980/17409555.html">陈少峰：实现社会正义的新方法</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-12-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/148980/17409555.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9&rft.btitle=%E9%99%88%E5%B0%91%E5%B3%B0%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheory.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F148980%2F17409555.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style 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