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id="toc-Views_of_specific_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_of_specific_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Views of specific religions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views_of_specific_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views of specific religions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views_of_specific_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abrahamic_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abrahamic_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Abrahamic religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unitarian_Universalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unitarian_Universalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1.1 Unitarian Universalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unitarian_Universalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Baháʼí Faith </div> </a> <ul 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_symbols_of_the_different_big_world_religions_on_a_rainbow_-_flag_at_Queer_Easter.jpg/220px-The_symbols_of_the_different_big_world_religions_on_a_rainbow_-_flag_at_Queer_Easter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_symbols_of_the_different_big_world_religions_on_a_rainbow_-_flag_at_Queer_Easter.jpg/330px-The_symbols_of_the_different_big_world_religions_on_a_rainbow_-_flag_at_Queer_Easter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_symbols_of_the_different_big_world_religions_on_a_rainbow_-_flag_at_Queer_Easter.jpg/440px-The_symbols_of_the_different_big_world_religions_on_a_rainbow_-_flag_at_Queer_Easter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Symbols of the <a href="/wiki/World_religions" title="World religions">world's largest religions</a> displayed on <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_flag_(LGBT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow flag (LGBT)">rainbow flags</a> at the Queer Easter, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></figcaption></figure> The relationship between <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a>) people can vary greatly across time and place, within and between different religions and sects, and regarding different forms of <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">non-binary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> identities. More generally, the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">religion and sexuality</a> ranges widely among and within them, from giving <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality">sexuality</a> a rather negative connotation to believing that sex is the highest expression of the divine.<a href="#cite_note-Urban_2010-1">[1]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologists</a> and researchers in <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>, religion plays an important role in how <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormative societies</a> view LGBTQ+ people and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">same-sex couples</a>, and their abilities to be functional beings in societal contexts.<a href="#cite_note-Whitehead_2018-2">[2]</a> Some of the authoritative bodies, texts, and doctrines of the <a href="/wiki/World_religions" title="World religions">world's largest religions</a> may view these negatively, especially those that belong to <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Int_J_Transgend.-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Graham_2017-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mbuwayesango_2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leeming_2003-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gnuse_2015-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a> This can range from <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> and discouragement of <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">self-disclosure</a> directed at LGBTQ+ people,<a href="#cite_note-Siraj_2012-10">[10]</a> explicitly forbidding <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_sexual_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex sexual activities">same-sex sexual activities</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender reassignment</a> among adherents, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights opposition">actively opposing social acceptance of LGBTQ+ identities</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Fetner_2001-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Social_Forces-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gannon_1981-12">[12]</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">criminalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">violence against LGBTQ+ people</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-www.hrw.org-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">death penalty for people engaging in homosexual practices</a><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-www.hrw.org-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a> while tolerating gender reassignment in specific cases.<a href="#cite_note-TransgenderHealth_2020-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Transgenderism_2017-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-TEOEM-18">[18]</a> Liberal and progressive voices within these religions tend to view LGBTQ+ people more positively, and some liberal <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">religious denominations</a> may bless <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a>, as well as accepting and marrying people who are transgender. Historically, some cultures and religions accommodated, institutionalized, revered and/or tolerated <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">same-sex relationships</a> and non-heterosexual identities;<a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-TEOEM-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidtke_1999-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOSWELL1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASIA-22">[22]</a> such <a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_mythology" title="LGBT themes in mythology">mythologies and traditions</a> can be found in numerous religions around the world;<a href="#cite_note-CARPENTER1-23">[23]</a> elements of religious and cultural incorporation of non-heterosexual identities can still be identified in traditions that have survived into the modern era, such as the <a href="/wiki/Two-Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-Spirit">Berdache</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BERDACHE-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HIJRA1-25">[25]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xanith" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanith">Xanith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-XANITH1-26">[26]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_views_of_LGBT_people">Religious views of LGBT people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religious views of LGBT people">edit</a>]</div> According to a 2006 <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> survey, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Australia">LGBTQ+ Australians</a>, compared to the general <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia" title="Demographics of Australia">Australian population</a>, were much more likely to <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">have no religious affiliation</a>, much less likely to be affiliated with a <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a>, and more likely to be affiliated with a <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">non-Christian religion</a>. The distribution of religions that LGBTQ+ Australians were raised in, however, was similar to that of the general population. Men, particularly <a href="/wiki/Bisexual_men" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual men">bisexual men</a>, were more likely to be <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> and more likely to have stayed in the same religion. <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian women">Lesbian women</a> were more likely to have left the religion they were raised in and be currently unaffiliated.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> A 2007 academic research on the beliefs of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBTQ+ New Zealanders</a> found that 73% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">had no religious affiliation</a>, 14.8% were Christian, and 2.2% were <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Henrickson_2008-28">[28]</a> In contrast, a 2001 census reported that the general <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">New Zealand population</a> reported that 59.8% were Christian and 29.2% had no religious affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-Henrickson_2008-28">[28]</a> When looking at change since 1966, <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Christianity_in_the_Western_world" title="Decline of Christianity in the Western world">LGBTQ+ people are disaffiliating from Christianity</a> at a rate 2.37 times higher compared to the rate of the general population in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-Henrickson_2008-28">[28]</a> In the survey, 59.8% of New Zealanders reported a belief in a spiritual force, god, or gods; this differed significantly by gender, with 64.9% of women and 55.5% of men reporting such a belief.<a href="#cite_note-Henrickson_2008-28">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Radical_Faeries" title="Radical Faeries">Radical Faeries</a> are a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> movement, founded in 1979 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Radical Faerie communities are generally inspired by aboriginal, native, or traditional spiritualities, especially those that incorporate queer sensibilities. A Williams Institute Survey found that the majority of LGBT Americans were raised Christian and mostly Protestant.<a href="#cite_note-l438-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_groups_and_public_policy">Religious groups and public policy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religious groups and public policy">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality and religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people and religion</a></div> Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a> is often associated with conservative religious views. The <a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">American Family Association</a> and other religious groups have promoted boycotts of corporations whose policies support the LGBT community. On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a> supports the freedom to marry<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and compares resistance to it to the resistance to abolition of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, women's <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>, and the end of anti-<a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</a> laws.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Lesbians and gay men face particular problems in conservative Islamic nations where laws generally prohibit same-sex sexual behavior; where interpretation of Sharia Law on male homosexuality carries the death penalty, with this form of discrimination being viewed as a breach of human rights by international human rights <a href="/wiki/The_Yogyakarta_Principles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Yogyakarta Principles">experts</a> and human rights organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. With the signature of the US in 2009, the proposed <a href="/wiki/UN_declaration_on_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="UN declaration on LGBT rights">UN declaration on LGBT rights</a> has now been signed by 67 members of the United Nations. There was an opposing statement put forward by Muslim nations, and this has been signed by 57 member states, the majority being in Africa and Asia. 68 out of the total 192 countries have not yet signed either statement. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_of_specific_religions">Views of specific religions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Views of specific religions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History of human sexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abrahamic_religions">Abrahamic religions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Abrahamic religions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> (namely <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>) have traditionally affirmed and endorsed a <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormative</a> approach towards <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Int_J_Transgend.-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Graham_2017-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mbuwayesango_2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leeming_2003-7">[7]</a> favouring exclusively <a href="/wiki/Heterosexual_intercourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterosexual intercourse">penetrative vaginal intercourse between men and women</a> within the boundaries of <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> over all other forms of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">human sexual activity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mbuwayesango_2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leeming_2003-7">[7]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Autoeroticism" title="Autoeroticism">autoeroticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">oral sex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">non-penetrative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_sexual_practices" title="Homosexual sexual practices">non-heterosexual</a> sexual intercourse (all of which have been labeled as "<a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a>" at various times),<a href="#cite_note-Sauer_2015_74–78-32">[32]</a> believing and teaching that such behaviors are forbidden because they are considered <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sinful</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mbuwayesango_2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leeming_2003-7">[7]</a> and further compared to or derived from the behavior of the alleged residents of <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mbuwayesango_2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gnuse_2015-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> However, the status of LGBT people in <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Early history of Islam">early Islam</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidtke_1999-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-TEOEM-18">[18]</a> is debated. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_sexual_orientation" title="Christianity and sexual orientation">Christianity and sexual orientation</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="History of Christianity and homosexuality">History of Christianity and homosexuality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">The Bible and homosexuality</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christianity and homosexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_transgender_people" title="Christianity and transgender people">Christianity and transgender people</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT-affirming Christian denominations">LGBT-affirming Christian denominations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_clergy_in_Christianity" title="LGBT clergy in Christianity">LGBT clergy in Christianity</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Christianity and LGBTQ topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Overview articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_sexual_orientation" title="Christianity and sexual orientation">Christianity and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christianity and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_transgender_people" title="Christianity and transgender people">Christianity and transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="History of Christianity and homosexuality">History of Christianity and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">The Bible and homosexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Homosexuality in the Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_New_Testament" title="Homosexuality in the New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theology" title="Queer theology">Queer theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_affirming_LGBT_people" title="List of Christian denominations affirming LGBT people">LGBTQ-affirming Christian denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_same-sex_unions_in_Christian_churches" title="Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches">Blessing of same-sex unions</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Denominational positions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Baptist_churches" title="Homosexuality and Baptist churches">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin#Homosexuality" title="Eastern Orthodox view of sin">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Methodism" title="Homosexuality and Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Community_Church" title="Metropolitan Community Church">Metropolitan Community Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Pentecostalism" title="Homosexuality and Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism_and_homosexuality" title="Presbyterianism and homosexuality">Presbyterian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Quakerism" title="Homosexuality and Quakerism">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="Catholic Church and homosexuality">Roman Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Seventh-day_Adventism" title="Homosexuality and Seventh-day Adventism">Seventh-day Adventist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">LGBT Christian clergy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_clergy_in_Christianity" title="LGBT clergy in Christianity">LGBTQ Christian clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_clergy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Homosexual clergy in the Catholic Church">LGBTQ Roman Catholic clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay bishops">Gay bishops</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_and_LGBTQ_topics" title="Template:Christianity and LGBTQ topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_and_LGBTQ_topics" title="Template talk:Christianity and LGBTQ topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_and_LGBTQ_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity and LGBTQ topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_(14208630707).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_%2814208630707%29.jpg/220px-Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_%2814208630707%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_%2814208630707%29.jpg/330px-Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_%2814208630707%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_%2814208630707%29.jpg/440px-Washington_National_Cathedral_-_DC_Capital_Pride_-_2014-06-07_%2814208630707%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1934" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church in the United States">Episcopal Church in the United States</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">D.C.</a> <a href="/wiki/Gay_Pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay Pride">Gay Pride</a> (2014)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Luke%27s_United_Church_of_Christ_Motto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/St_Luke%27s_United_Church_of_Christ_Motto.jpg/220px-St_Luke%27s_United_Church_of_Christ_Motto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/St_Luke%27s_United_Church_of_Christ_Motto.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>'s motto which expresses its support for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church,_San_Francisco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church%2C_San_Francisco.jpg/220px-Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church%2C_San_Francisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church%2C_San_Francisco.jpg/330px-Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church%2C_San_Francisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church%2C_San_Francisco.jpg/440px-Scene_during_a_church_service_at_Glide_Community_Church%2C_San_Francisco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Scene during a church service at <a href="/wiki/Glide_Memorial_Church" title="Glide Memorial Church">Glide Memorial Church</a>, San Francisco, a church-place that is supportive to LGBTI people</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mccny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mccny.jpg/220px-Mccny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mccny.jpg/330px-Mccny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mccny.jpg/440px-Mccny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Community_Church_of_New_York" title="Metropolitan Community Church of New York">Metropolitan Community Church</a>, an LGBT-affirming Christian church in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG/220px-UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG/330px-UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG/440px-UnivUnitChurchHoustonTX.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/LGBT_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT flag">LGBT flag</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">First Unitarian Universalist Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> indicates that the church welcomes LGBT-identifying people.</figcaption></figure> Throughout the majority of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">Christian history</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theologians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">denominations</a> have considered homosexual behavior as <a href="/wiki/Immoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Immoral">immoral</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sin_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin in Christianity">sinful</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gnuse_2015-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Currently, <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a> have a variety of beliefs about LGBT people, and the moral status of same-sex sexual practices and gender variance. LGBT people may be barred from membership, accepted as <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a>, or ordained as <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>, depending on the denomination. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> welcomes people attracted to the same sex, while maintaining its teaching that homosexual relationships and acts are <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">sinful</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CCC2357-42">[42]</a> The Roman Curia considers transgender individuals to be their <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">biological sex</a> and admits no distinction between "sex" and "gender".<a href="#cite_note-Norton-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a> holds similar stances on same-sex attraction and conjugal relations.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> denominations have a wide range of views. Some denominations espouse similar views to Catholicism and Orthodoxy, and teach that all sexual relations outside of traditional marriage between a man and a woman are sinful, such as the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RCA_-_Homosexuality-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>,<a href="#cite_note-southernbaptists-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In the Jehovah's witness branch of Christianity, LGBTQ is seen as something to be shamed.  Within a study of 245 Jehovah's witnesses, 76% agreed that LGBTQ practices should be discouraged, while only 16% thought these ideas should be encouraged.<a href="#cite_note-Religious_Landscape_Study-49">[49]</a>  The remaining 8% seemed to have no opinion or were neutral on the situation.  Another study was conducted on Jehovah's witnesses with a range of ages from 18 to 29, 30–49, 50–64,65+.  The majority of those who were against LGBTQ practices came from the 30–49 age range, with the percentage being 34%.<a href="#cite_note-Religious_Landscape_Study-49">[49]</a>  Jehovah's witnesses can be 'disfellowshipped,' leading to ostracism from former support and social groups.  'Disfellowshipping' can occur if sin is committed that is seen as weighty and is not repented for.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>  Homosexual or LGBTQ practices would fall under the category of a sin which could lead to disfellowshipping.  Within a survey of 187 Jehovah's witnesses, 90% strongly opposed same-sex marriage and would classify it as something against their religion.<a href="#cite_note-Religious_Landscape_Study-49">[49]</a>    Other Christian churches, such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(U.S.A.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)">Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Canada" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>, the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a>, the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Church in Norway">Church in Norway</a>, the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Iceland" title="Church of Iceland">Church of Iceland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church of the Netherlands">Protestant Church of the Netherlands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_in_Belgium" title="United Protestant Church in Belgium">United Protestant Church in Belgium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">United Protestant Church of France</a>, the German Lutheran, Reformed and United Churches in <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Germany">Evangelical Church in Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church in Canada">Anglican Church in Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church in United States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> do not consider same-sex relations immoral, and will ordain <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_LGBT_Christian_clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordination of LGBT Christian clergy">LGBT clergy</a> and celebrate <a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_same-sex_marriages_in_Christian_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessing of same-sex marriages in Christian churches">blessings of same-sex marriages</a>. Liberal Quakers, those in membership of <a href="/wiki/Britain_Yearly_Meeting" title="Britain Yearly Meeting">Britain Yearly Meeting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friends_General_Conference" title="Friends General Conference">Friends General Conference</a> in the United States, approve of same-sex marriage and unions and conduct same-sex marriage ceremonies in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Quakers_in_Britain-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_England_Yearly_Meeting_of_Friends-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Unitarian_Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Unitarian Universalism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitarian Universalism and LGBT people">Unitarian Universalism and LGBT people</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a> (UUA) have a long-standing tradition of welcoming LGBT people. The first ordained minister of any religion in the US or Canada to <a href="/wiki/Come_out_of_the_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Come out of the closet">come out</a> was the Rev. <a href="/wiki/James_Stoll" title="James Stoll">James Stoll</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> There have been UUA resolutions supporting people regardless of sexual orientation since 1970, and a popular program of becoming a "Welcoming Congregation" since 1989. The UUA has officially supported UUA clergy performing Services of Union between same-sex couples since 1984,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> and has supported <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> since 1996.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Unitarian_Council" title="Canadian Unitarian Council">Canadian Unitarian Council</a> (CUC) similarly operates a Gender and Sexual Diversity Monitoring Group<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and, like the UUA (of which it became autonomous in 2002), has Welcoming Congregations.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The Canadian Unitarian Universalist congregations perform same-sex marriages and the CUC supports this work through its Lay Chaplaincy program.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Judaism">Homosexuality and Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Homosexuality in the Hebrew Bible">Homosexuality in the Hebrew Bible</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_denominations_in_Judaism" title="LGBT-affirming denominations in Judaism">LGBT-affirming denominations in Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_clergy_in_Judaism" title="LGBT clergy in Judaism">LGBT clergy in Judaism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_and_Judaism" title="Same-sex marriage and Judaism">Same-sex marriage and Judaism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pride_Minyan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pride_Minyan.jpg/220px-Pride_Minyan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pride_Minyan.jpg/330px-Pride_Minyan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pride_Minyan.jpg/440px-Pride_Minyan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>A halakhic egalitarian Pride <a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">minyan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> on the second Shabbat of <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a></figcaption></figure> The American branch of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> formally approves of same-sex marriage ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-SSM-62">[62]</a> As of 1992 with the Report of the Reconstructionist Commission on Homosexuality, the Reconstructionist Movement of Judaism has expressed its support for same-sex marriages as well as the inclusion of gay and lesbian people in all aspects of Jewish life. The <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Jewish Reconstructionist Federation</a> leaves the choice of whether or not to perform same-sex marriages to individual rabbis but the procedure is included in the Reconstructionist Rabbi's Manual and many choose to use the traditional language and symbols of kiddushin.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-:03-64">[64]</a> Reform Judaism, the largest Jewish denomination in the United States, is generally supportive of LGBT rights and marriage.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people and Islam">LGBT people and Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mukhannathun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhannathun">Mukhannathun</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism within Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_Europe" title="Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe">Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_North_America" title="Liberal and progressive Islam in North America">Liberal and progressive Islam in North America</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg/300px-World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg/450px-World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg/600px-World_laws_pertaining_to_homosexual_relationships_and_expression.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption> Same-sex sexual activity illegal <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Not enforced or unclear</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Penalty</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Life in prison</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Death penalty on books but not applied</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Death penalty</div></figcaption></figure> Attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people and their experiences in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> have been influenced by its religious, legal, social, political, and cultural history.<a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-TEOEM-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidtke_1999-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-20">[20]</a> The religious stigma and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_taboo_in_the_Middle_East" title="Sexual taboo in the Middle East">sexual taboo</a> associated with homosexuality in Islamic societies can have profound effects for those Muslims who self-identify as LGBTQ+.<a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Today, most LGBTQ-affirming Islamic organizations and individual congregations are primarily based in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> countries; they usually identify themselves with the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">liberal and progressive movements within Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Homosexual acts are <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">forbidden</a> in traditional <a href="/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic jurisprudence">Islamic jurisprudence</a> and they are liable to different punishments, including <a href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">flogging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoning_in_Islam" title="Stoning in Islam">stoning</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">death penalty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidtke_1999-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a> depending on the situation and <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">legal school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a> However, homosexual relationships were generally tolerated in <a href="/wiki/Pre-modern_Islamic_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-modern Islamic societies">pre-modern Islamic societies</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Schmidtke_1999-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Homosexualities-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a> and historical records suggest that these laws were invoked infrequently, mainly in cases of <a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Islamic_law" title="Rape in Islamic law">rape</a> or other "exceptionally blatant infringement on <a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">public morals</a>".<a href="#cite_note-iranica-law-15">[15]</a> Public attitudes toward homosexuality in the Muslim world underwent a marked negative change starting from the 19th century through the <a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">global spread</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalist movements</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a> and the influence of the sexual notions and restrictive norms prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> at the time: a number of Muslim-majority countries have retained criminal penalties for homosexual acts enacted under European <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_(58).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_%2858%29.jpg/250px-21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_%2858%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_%2858%29.jpg/375px-21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_%2858%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_%2858%29.jpg/500px-21._%C4%B0stanbul_Onur_Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCy%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC_Gay_Pride_%2858%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Pride" title="Istanbul Pride">Istanbul LGBT Pride parade</a> in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Taksim_Square" title="Taksim Square">Taksim Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey</figcaption></figure> In recent times, extreme <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against LGBT people">discrimination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against LGBT people">violence against LGBT people</a> persists, both <a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">socially</a> and legally, in much of the Muslim world,<a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a> exacerbated by increasingly <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> attitudes and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist movements</a> in Muslim-majority countries.<a href="#cite_note-Siraj_2012-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim_2016-13">[13]</a> There are laws against <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_sexual_practices" title="Homosexual sexual practices">homosexual sexual activities</a> in a large number of Muslim-majority countries, which prescribe the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty_for_homosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty for homosexuality">death penalty</a> in a limited number of them.<a href="#cite_note-www.hrw.org-14">[14]</a> Islamic views on homosexuality are also influenced by the rulings prescribed by the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TEOEM-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murray-Roscoe-71">[71]</a> The mainstream interpretation of some Quranic verses and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> condemn sexual acts between members of the same sex, along with most forms of <a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">extramarital relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the late 1980s, Mufti <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sayyid_Tantawy" title="Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy">Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> supporting the right for those who fit the description of <a href="/wiki/Mukhannathun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhannathun">mukhannathun</a> to have <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">sex reassignment surgery</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> issued similar fatwas around the same time.<a href="#cite_note-TransgenderHealth_2020-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Transgenderism_2017-17">[17]</a> Khomeini's initial fatwa concerned <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> individuals as well, but he later specified that <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">sex reassignment surgery</a> was also permissible in the case of transgender individuals.<a href="#cite_note-TransgenderHealth_2020-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Transgenderism_2017-17">[17]</a> Because <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iran">homosexuality is illegal in Iran</a> but being <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> is legal, some gay individuals have been forced to undergo sex reassignment surgery and transition into the opposite sex, regardless of their actual gender identity.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Therefore, transgender people are generally more accepted, provided they conform to traditional gender norms post-transition; for example, the Iranian government not only allows and recognizes <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">sex reassignment surgery</a>, but also subsidizes the procedure for transgender citizens.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In some regions of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> such as <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">hijras</a> are officially recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a> that is neither male nor female,<a href="#cite_note-Cult._Health_Sex.-75">[75]</a> a concept that some have compared to mukhannathun.<a href="#cite_note-Murray-Roscoe-71">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg/250px-Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg/375px-Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg/500px-Al-Fatiha_Muslim_Gays_-_Gay_Parade_2008_in_San_Francisco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption>Gay Muslim activists of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Fatiha_Foundation" title="Al-Fatiha Foundation">Al-Fatiha Foundation</a> holding the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">flag of Turkey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Pride" title="San Francisco Pride">San Francisco Pride</a> (2008)</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> there was an Islamic same-sex marriage on 18 February 2012.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In Paris in November 2012 a room in a Buddhist prayer hall was used by gay Muslims and called a "gay-friendly mosque",<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> and a French Islamic website<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> is supporting religious same-sex marriage. The <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ruschd-Goethe_mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ruschd-Goethe mosque">Ibn Ruschd-Goethe mosque</a> in Berlin is a liberal mosque open to all types of Muslims, where men and women pray together and LGBT worshippers are welcomed and supported.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Other significant LGBT-inclusive mosques or prayer groups include the El-Tawhid Juma Circle Unity Mosque in Toronto,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Masjid an-Nur al-Isslaah (Light of Reform Mosque) in Washington D.C.,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC_News-84">[84]</a> Masjid Al-Rabia in Chicago,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC_News-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Unity Mosque in Atlanta,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> People's Mosque in Cape Town South Africa,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Masjid Ul-Umam mosque in Cape Town,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Qal'bu Maryamin in California,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> and the Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Community in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims_for_Progressive_Values" title="Muslims for Progressive Values">Muslims for Progressive Values</a>, based in the United States and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, is "a faith-based, grassroots, human rights organization that embodies and advocates for the traditional Qur'anic values of social justice and equality for all, for the 21st Century."<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> MPV has recorded "a lecture series that seeks to dismantle the religious justification for homophobia in Muslim communities." The lectures can be viewed at MPV Lecture Series.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The Mecca Institute is an LGBT-inclusive and progressive online Islamic seminary, and serves as an online center of Islamic learning and research.<a href="#cite_note-NBC_News-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baháʼí_Faith">Baháʼí Faith</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and the Baháʼí Faith">Homosexuality and the Baháʼí Faith</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> teaches that the only acceptable form of sexual expression is within <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_marriage" title="Baháʼí marriage">Baháʼí marriage</a> is defined in the religion's texts as exclusively between one man and one woman.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-man_and_woman-101">[101]</a> Baháʼís stress the importance of absolute <a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">chastity</a> for any unmarried person,<a href="#cite_note-married-102">[102]</a> and focus on personal restraint. The <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a>, the elected governing body of the Baháʼí Faith, has stated that "the Faith does not recognize homosexuality as a 'natural' or permanent phenomenon."<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Universal House of Justice has approved of and encouraged Shoghi Effendi's idea of possible medical treatment.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> However, membership in the Baháʼí community is open to lesbian and gay adherents,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> who are to be "advised and sympathized with".<a href="#cite_note-sympathized-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-understanding-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dharmic_religions">Dharmic religions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dharmic religions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardhanarisvara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ardhanarisvara.jpg/170px-Ardhanarisvara.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ardhanarisvara.jpg/255px-Ardhanarisvara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ardhanarisvara.jpg/340px-Ardhanarisvara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ardhanarishvara" title="Ardhanarishvara">Ardhanarishvara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">androgynous form</a> (half-male and half-female) of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu god">Hindu deity</a> <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> combined with his consort <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>. Tiruvenkadu, Chola, 11th century CE.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hinduism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_LGBT_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and LGBT topics">Hinduism and LGBT topics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_LGBT_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and LGBT topics">Hinduism and LGBT topics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_Hindu_mythology" title="LGBT themes in Hindu mythology">LGBT themes in Hindu mythology</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> has taken various positions, ranging from positive to neutral or antagonistic. Referring to the nature of <a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">samsara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, one of the four canonical <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">sacred texts of Hinduism</a> says 'Vikruti Evam Prakriti' (perversity/diversity is what nature is all about, or, what seems un-natural is also natural), which some scholars believe recognizes homosexuality as natural, if not an approval of homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Sexuality is rarely discussed openly in Hindu society, and LGBT issues are largely a <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> subject — especially among the strongly religious. A "<a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a>" has been acknowledged within Hinduism since <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic times</a>. Several Hindu texts, such as <a href="/wiki/Manu_Smriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Manu Smriti">Manu Smriti</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a>, assert that some people are born with either mixed male and female natures, or sexually neuter, as a matter of natural biology. They worked as <a href="/wiki/Hairdressing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairdressing">hairdressers</a>, flower-sellers, servants, <a href="/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">masseurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitutes</a>. Today, many people that identify as <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">hijras</a> are officially recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a> that is neither male nor female in India;<a href="#cite_note-Cult._Health_Sex.-75">[75]</a> they mostly live on the margins of society, and many still work in prostitution, or make a livelihood as beggars.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Several Hindu religious laws contain injunctions against homosexual activity, while some Hindu mythologies speaks favorably of lesbian relations and some third-gendered individuals were highly regarded by Hindu legends. Hindu groups are historically not unified regarding the issue of homosexuality, each one having a distinct doctrinal view.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-History1-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">A damsel who pollutes (another) damsel must be fined two hundred (panas), pay the double of her (nuptial) fee, and receive ten (lashes with a) rod.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Manusmriti, 8.369</cite></div></blockquote>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The Indian <a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a>, written in the 4th century CE, contains passages describing <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a> or "third-sex" males performing <a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">oral sex</a> on men.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> However, the author was "not a fan of homosexual activities" and treated such individuals with disdain, according to historian <a href="/wiki/Devdutt_Pattanaik" title="Devdutt Pattanaik">Devdutt Pattanaik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Similarly, some medieval Hindu temples and artifacts openly depict both male homosexuality and lesbianism within their carvings, such as the temple walls at <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho" title="Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a>. Some infer from these images that Hindu society and religion were previously more open to variations in human sexuality than they are at present. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg/250px-1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg/375px-1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg/500px-1_Erotic_Kama_statues_of_Khajuraho_Hindu_Temple_Kandariya_Mahadeva_Khajur%C3%A2ho_India_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Erotic sculptures from <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho_Group_of_Monuments" title="Khajuraho Group of Monuments">Khajuraho temple complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> In some Hindu sects (specially among the hijras), many divinities are <a href="/wiki/Androgynous" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgynous">androgynous</a>. There are Hindu deities who are <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> (both male and female); who manifest in all three genders; who switch from male to female or from female to male; male deities with female moods and female deities with male moods; deities born from two males or from two females; deities born from a single male or single female; deities who avoid the opposite sex; deities with principal companions of the same sex, and so on. However, this is not accepted by the majority of Hindus, and is often considered heretical in nature. Those who do accept it justify with the belief that both God and nature are unlimitedly diverse and God is difficult to comprehend. Several Hindu priests have performed same-sex marriages, arguing that love is the result of attachments from previous births and that marriage, as a union of spirit, is transcendental to gender. It is often regarded that Hinduism does not condemn homosexuality. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buddhism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Buddhism and sexual orientation">Buddhism and sexual orientation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism and sexuality</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg/220px-Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg/330px-Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg/440px-Myoshinj_shunkoin02s2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shunk%C5%8D-in" title="Shunkō-in">Shunkō-in</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 春光院: "Temple of the Ray of Spring Light") in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, is a Buddhist temple that performs same-sex marriage ceremonies.</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli Canon">Pāli Canon</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%80gama_(Buddhism)" title="Āgama (Buddhism)">Āgama</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">early Buddhist scriptures</a>), there is nothing saying that same or opposite gender relations have anything to do with sexual misconduct,<a href="#cite_note-cunda_kammaraputta_sutta-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravādin</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monks</a> express that same-gender relations do not violate the rule to avoid sexual misconduct, which means not having sex with <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">people under age</a> (thus protected by their parents or guardians), someone <a href="/wiki/Betrothed" class="mw-redirect" title="Betrothed">betrothed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Married" class="mw-redirect" title="Married">married</a>, and those who have taken vows of <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">religious celibacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Views on homosexuality and LGBT rights differ in the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist tradition</a>. However, many Buddhist leaders and groups have been historically supportive and continue to be supportive of LGBT people.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The renowned <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Thi%E1%BB%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Thiền">Thiền Buddhist</a> master, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a>, remarked that the spirit of Buddhism is inclusiveness and stated that "when you look at the ocean, you see different kinds of waves, many sizes and shapes, but all the waves have water as their foundation and substance. If you are born gay or lesbian, your ground of being in the same as mine. We are different, but we share the same ground of being."<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Japanese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese culture">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">major religions</a> don't have a history of hostility towards homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Same-sex marriages are performed at <a href="/wiki/Shunk%C5%8D-in" title="Shunkō-in">Shunkō-in</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rinzai_Zen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinzai Zen">Rinzai Zen</a> Buddhist temple in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Some modern Buddhist leaders were active in the movement for same-sex marriage rights in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, which legalized same-sex marriages in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Some adherents of the <a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayāna (Ambedkarite) Buddhist tradition</a> are supporting LGBT rights within their larger activist activities.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, some leaders in the <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravāda tradition</a> including Phra Payom Kalayano have expressed support for LGBT rights.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso</a> declared: "From a Buddhist point of view, men-to-men and women-to-women is generally considered sexual misconduct."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> However, this view expressed by the Dalai Lama is not based on the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> but derived from some later <a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a> texts.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Moreover, the Dalai Lama has repeatedly "voiced his support for the full recognition of human rights for all people, regardless of sexual orientation."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In the most recent interview with the Dalai Lama on this topic (10 March 2014), the Dalai Lama said gay marriage is "OK", provided it's not in contradiction with the values of one's chosen religion.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Also in the Tibetan tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Nalandabodhi" title="Nalandabodhi">Nalandabodhi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">sangha</a> has stated that they are welcoming of all sexual orientations and well-known Bhutanese lama <a href="/wiki/Khyentse_Norbu" title="Khyentse Norbu">Khyentse Norbu</a> has expressed support for LGBT rights in <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Western_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Buddhism">Western Buddhist denominations</a>, there is widescale support for LGBT rights from Buddhist groups and organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/European_Buddhist_Union" title="European Buddhist Union">European Buddhist Union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> the Buddhist Churches of America,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> many Shin Buddhist groups,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and Zen leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The Federation of Australian Buddhist Councils (FABC), representing Buddhist laypeople, and the Australian Sangha Association vocally supported <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Soka Gakkai International-USA (SGI-USA) is the most diverse Buddhist community in the United States with more than 500 chapters and some 100 centers throughout the country supports LGBT rights.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> American <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a> Buddhists have performed same-sex union ceremonies since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a> poll, 88% of American Buddhists stated that homosexuality should be accepted.<a href="#cite_note-pewforum.org-153">[153]</a> This was a higher level of support than any other religious group studied.<a href="#cite_note-pewforum.org-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sikhism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Sikhism and sexual orientation">Sikhism and sexual orientation</a></div> The Sikh holy book, the <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a>, does not explicitly mention homosexuality. The Guru Granth Sahib is seen as the spiritual authority on all Sikh matters. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg/220px-Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg/330px-Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg/440px-Sikh-Believers_demonstrate_at_Pride_2011_in_London_for_the_acceptance_of_lgbti_-_people_in_their_religion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3901" data-file-height="2572" /></a><figcaption>LGBT Sikh-Believers demonstrate in London for the acceptance of lgbti – people in their religion</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg/220px-Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg/330px-Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg/440px-Shik-Believers_for_lgbti_-_acceptance_at_London_Pride_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3647" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption>Shik-Believers for lgbti – acceptance at London Pride</figcaption></figure> Some modern Sikh leaders have condemned homosexuality. Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti of the temporal Sikh authority (<a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a>), has condemned homosexuality while reminding visiting Sikh-Canadian <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs) of their religious duty to oppose <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The Sikh religious body, the <a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a>, has issued an edict condemning gay marriage.<a href="#cite_note-Cohn-155">[155]</a> Other Sikhs point out that Sikhism does not condemn homosexuality or gay marriage<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> reminding them that the Guru Granth Sahib leaves this as a matter of personal conscience.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_and_Southeast_Asian_religions">Eastern and Southeast Asian religions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Eastern and Southeast Asian religions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese_folk_religion">Chinese folk religion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Chinese folk religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_China" title="Homosexuality in China">Homosexuality in China</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tu%27er_Shen" title="Tu'er Shen">Tu'er Shen</a>, also known as the Rabbit God, is a gay <a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Chinese deity</a>. In 2006, Lu Wei-ming <a href="/wiki/Wei-ming_temple" title="Wei-ming temple">founded a temple</a> for Tu'er Shen in <a href="/wiki/Yonghe_District" title="Yonghe District">Yonghe District</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> which has been called the world's only religious shrine for gay people.<a href="#cite_note-Gold_2015Reuters-159">[159]</a> About 9,000 pilgrims visit the temple each year praying to find a suitable partner.<a href="#cite_note-Gold_HuffPost-160">[160]</a> The Wei-ming temple also performs love ceremonies for gay couples.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Confucianism">Confucianism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Confucianism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_topics_and_Confucianism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT topics and Confucianism">LGBT topics and Confucianism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shinto">Shinto</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Shinto">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_topics_and_Shinto" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT topics and Shinto">LGBT topics and Shinto</a></div> Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> "had no special code of morals and seems to have regarded sex as a natural phenomenon to be enjoyed with few inhibitions."<a href="#cite_note-Crompton_2003-162">[162]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Shinto#Beliefs" title="Shinto">Shinto beliefs</a> are diverse, Shinto doesn't condemn homosexuality,<a href="#cite_note-Crompton_2003-162">[162]</a> and the formally organized <a href="/wiki/Konkokyo" title="Konkokyo">Konkokyo</a> sect is fully affirming.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Multiple Shinto leaders advocated in support of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Hawaii" title="Same-sex marriage in Hawaii">gay marriage in Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Zoroastrianism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Zoroastrianism and sexual orientation">Zoroastrianism and sexual orientation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_religions">Indigenous religions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Indigenous religions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="African_Diasporic_religions">African Diasporic religions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: African Diasporic religions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou_and_sexual_orientation" title="Haitian Vodou and sexual orientation">Haitian Vodou and sexual orientation</a></div> Homosexuality is religiously acceptable in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Haiti's_fight_for_gay_rights-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homosexuality_And_Voodoo-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-advocate.com-169">[169]</a> The lwa or loa (spirits) Erzulie Dantor and Erzulie Freda are often associated with and viewed as protectors of queer people.<a href="#cite_note-Review-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-lisantiadmin-171">[171]</a> Within <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> religion primarily found in Brazil, there is widespread (though not universal) support for gay rights, many members are LGBT, and have performed gay marriages.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-GI_São_Paulo-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homossexualidade_e_candomblé-175">[175]</a> Practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, primarily found in Cuba, generally (though not universally) welcome LGBT members and include them in religious or ritual activities.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Also a Brazilian syncretic religion, <a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a> houses generally support LGBT rights and have performed gay marriages.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-GI_São_Paulo-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homossexualidade_e_candomblé-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Homosexuality is religiously acceptable in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Haiti's_fight_for_gay_rights-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homosexuality_And_Voodoo-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-advocate.com-169">[169]</a> The lwa or loa (spirits) <a href="/wiki/Ezili_Dantor" title="Ezili Dantor">Erzulie Dantor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erzulie" title="Erzulie">Erzulie Freda</a> are often associated with and viewed as protectors of queer people.<a href="#cite_note-Review-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-lisantiadmin-171">[171]</a> The lao <a href="/wiki/Ghede_Nibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghede Nibo">Ghede Nibo</a> is sometimes depicted as an effeminate drag queen and inspires those he inhabits to lascivious sexuality of all kinds.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ancient Mesopotamian religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</a></div> Individuals who went against the traditional <a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">gender binary</a> were heavily involved in the cult of <a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna</a>, an ancient Mesopotamian goddess.<a href="#cite_note-:3-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> During Sumerian times, a set of priests known as <a href="/wiki/Gala_(priests)" title="Gala (priests)">gala</a> worked in Inanna's temples, where they performed elegies and lamentations.<a href="#cite_note-:3-182">[182]</a> Men who became gala sometimes adopted female names and their songs were composed in the Sumerian <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language#Dialects" title="Sumerian language">eme-sal</a> dialect, which, in literary texts, is normally reserved for the speech of female characters. Some Sumerian proverbs seem to suggest that gala had a reputation for engaging in <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">anal sex</a> with men.<a href="#cite_note-:4-184">[184]</a> During the Akkadian Period, kurgarrū and assinnu were servants of Ishtar who <a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">dressed in female clothing</a> and performed war dances in Ishtar's temples.<a href="#cite_note-:4-184">[184]</a> Several Akkadian <a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverbs</a> seem to suggest that they may have also had homosexual proclivities.<a href="#cite_note-:4-184">[184]</a> Gwendolyn Leick, an anthropologist known for her writings on Mesopotamia, has compared these individuals to the contemporary Indian <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">hijra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-182">[182]</a> In one Akkadian hymn, Ishtar is described as transforming men into women.<a href="#cite_note-:4-184">[184]</a> Some modern pagans include Inanna in their worship.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-colonial_religions_of_the_Americas">Pre-colonial religions of the Americas</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial religions of the Americas">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaska Native religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American religion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit religion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg/220px-Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg/330px-Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg/440px-Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Drawing by <a href="/wiki/George_Catlin" title="George Catlin">George Catlin</a> (1796–1872) while on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation" title="Sac and Fox Nation">Sac and Fox Nation</a>. Depicting a group of male warriors dancing around a male-bodied person in a woman's dress, non-Native artist George Catlin titled the painting Dance to the Berdache.</figcaption></figure> Among the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a>, many Nations had respected ceremonial, religious, and social roles for homosexual, bisexual, and gender-nonconforming individuals in their communities and in many contemporary <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> communities, these roles still exist.<a href="#cite_note-Estrada-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-terms-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-de_Vries_2009-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kehoe-189">[189]</a> Homosexual and gender-variant individuals were also common among other pre-<a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">conquest</a> civilizations in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Mayans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quechuas" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechuas">Quechuas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moche_(culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moche (culture)">Moches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotecs</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_people" title="Tupinambá people">Tupinambá</a> of Brazil and were accepted in their various religions.<a href="#cite_note-glbtqlatinamerica-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-glbtqmex-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_religious_movements">New religious movements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: New religious movements">edit</a>]</div> Since the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">sexual liberation movement</a> in the Western world, which coincided with <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's liberation movement</a> initiated in the early 1960s,<a href="#cite_note-Urban_2007-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pike_2004-193">[193]</a> new religious movements and alternative spiritualities such as <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">Modern Paganism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> began to grow and spread across the globe alongside their intersection with the sexual liberation movement and the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Urban_2007-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pike_2004-193">[193]</a> and exhibited characteristic features, such as the embrace of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_lifestyles" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative lifestyles">alternative lifestyles</a>, unconventional dress, rejection of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">conservative social mores</a>, use of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">recreational drugs</a>, relaxed attitude, <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">sarcastic humble</a> or self-imposed poverty, and laissez-faire <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexual behavior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Urban_2007-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pike_2004-193">[193]</a> The sexual liberation movement was aided by feminist ideologues in their mutual struggle to challenge traditional ideas regarding <a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">female sexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">male sexuality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-Pike_2004-193">[193]</a> Elimination of undue favorable bias towards men and objectification of women, as well as support for women's right to choose their sexual partners free of outside interference or societal judgment, were three of the main goals associated with sexual liberation from the feminist perspective.<a href="#cite_note-Pike_2004-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_Paganism">Modern Paganism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Modern Paganism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_pagan_views_on_LGBT_people" title="Modern pagan views on LGBT people">Modern pagan views on LGBT people</a></div> Most <a href="/wiki/Neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism">Neopagan religions</a> have the theme of fertility (both physical and creative/spiritual) as central to their practices, and as such encourage what they view as a healthy sex life, consensual sex between adults, regardless of gender. <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">modern Germanic Pagan movement</a>, includes several pro-LGBT groups. Some groups legitimize openness toward LGBT practitioners by reference to the gender-bending actions of <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> There are, for instance, homosexual and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> members of <a href="/wiki/The_Troth" title="The Troth">The Troth</a>, a prominent U.S. Heathen organisation.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Many Heathen groups in Northern Europe perform <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> and a group of self-described "Homo-Heathens" marched in the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Pride" title="Stockholm Pride">Stockholm Pride</a> carrying a statue of the Norse god <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Research found a greater proportion of LGBT practitioners within Heathenry (21%) than wider society, although noted that the percentage was lower than in other forms of modern Paganism.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a>, like other religions, has adherents with a broad spectrum of views, ranging from conservative to liberal. It is a largely nondogmatic religion and has no prohibitions against sexual intercourse outside of marriage or relationships between members of the same sex. The religion's ethics are largely summed up by the <a href="/wiki/Wiccan_Rede" title="Wiccan Rede">Wiccan Rede</a>: "An it harm none, do as thou wilt", which is interpreted by many as allowing and endorsing responsible sexual relationships of all varieties. Specifically in the Wiccan tradition of modern witchcraft, one of the widely accepted pieces of <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">Craft</a> liturgy, the Charge of the Goddess instructs that "...all acts of love and pleasure are [the Goddess'] rituals",<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> giving validity to all forms of sexual activity for Wiccan practitioners. In the <a href="/wiki/Gardnerian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardnerian">Gardnerian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Alexandrian Wicca">Alexandrian</a> forms of Wicca, the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Rite">Great Rite</a>" is a sex ritual much like the <a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">hieros gamos</a>, performed by a priest and priestess who are believed to embody the Wiccan God and Goddess. The Great Rite is almost always performed figuratively using the athame and chalice as symbols of the penis and vagina. The literal form of the ritual is always performed by consenting adults, by a couple who are already lovers and in private. The Great Rite is not seen as an opportunity for casual sex.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Raëlism">Raëlism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Raëlism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlian_beliefs_and_practices" title="Raëlian beliefs and practices">Raëlian beliefs and practices</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG/230px-Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG/345px-Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG/460px-Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival_2014_58.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Raëlian participants attending the <a href="/wiki/Korea_Queer_Culture_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Korea Queer Culture Festival">Korea Queer Culture Festival</a> (2014)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a>, an international <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> which was founded in France in 1974,<a href="#cite_note-Palmer_2012-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dericquebourg_2021-203">[203]</a> promotes a <a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">positive outlook towards human sexuality</a>, including homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-Palmer_2012-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dericquebourg_2021-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gregg_2014-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Palmer_2014-205">[205]</a> Its founder <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> recognised same-sex marriage, and a Raëlian press release stated that sexual orientation is genetic and it also likened <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">discrimination against gay people</a> to <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Some Raëlian leaders have performed licensed same-sex marriages.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Santa_Muerte">Santa Muerte</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Santa Muerte">edit</a>]</div> The cult of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Muerte" title="Santa Muerte">Santa Muerte</a> is a <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a><a href="#cite_note-Chesnut_2017-208">[208]</a> centered on the worship of Santa Muerte, a <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">cult image</a>, <a href="/wiki/Female_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Female deity">female deity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folk_saint" title="Folk saint">folk saint</a> which is popularly revered in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">Neopaganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">folk Catholicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Personification_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Personification of death">personification of death</a>, she is associated with healing, protection, and safe delivery to the <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a> by her devotees.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Santa Muerte is also revered and seen as a saint and protector of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Mexico">lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities in Mexico</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CIESAS_2019-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-hemisphericinstitute.org-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> since LGBTQ+ people are considered and treated as outcasts by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="Catholic Church and homosexuality">Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality#Evangelical_churches" title="Christianity and homosexuality">evangelical churches</a>, and Mexican society at large.<a href="#cite_note-CIESAS_2019-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-hemisphericinstitute.org-213">[213]</a> Many LGBTQ+ people ask her for protection from violence, hatred, disease, and to help them in their search for love. Her intercession is commonly invoked in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico_City" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico City">same-sex marriage ceremonies</a> performed in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Mexican-American_Catholic_Church" title="Traditionalist Mexican-American Catholic Church">Iglesia Católica Tradicional México-Estados Unidos</a>, also known as the Church of Santa Muerte, <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Mexico">recognizes</a> gay marriage and performs religious wedding ceremonies for homosexual couples.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> According to R. Andrew Chesnut, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Latin_America" title="History of Latin America">Latin American history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a>, the cult of Santa Muerte is the single fastest-growing new religious movement in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-Chesnut_2017-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Satanism">Satanism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Satanism">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Satan" title="Church of Satan">Church of Satan</a> has always accepted gays, lesbians and bisexuals since its foundation in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-COS_FAQ-223">[223]</a> The church supports legalization of same-sex marriages.<a href="#cite_note-COS_FAQ-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scientology">Scientology</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Scientology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_sexual_orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientology and sexual orientation">Scientology and sexual orientation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wicca">Wicca</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Wicca">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wiccan_views_on_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiccan views on LGBT people">Wiccan views on LGBT people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History of human sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes toward homosexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country">LGBT rights by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_organizations_and_conferences" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences">List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">Outline of transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history">Timeline of LGBT history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_B_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Side B Christian">Side B Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_A,_Side_B,_Side_X,_Side_Y_(theological_views)" title="Side A, Side B, Side X, Side Y (theological views)">Side A, Side B, Side X, Side Y (theological views)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_mythology" title="LGBT themes in mythology">LGBT themes in mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people and religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_unions" title="History of same-sex unions">History of same-sex unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">Legal status of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes toward homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Urban_2010-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Urban_2010_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUrban2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Urban" title="Hugh Urban">Urban, Hugh B.</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wg6MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">"Chapter 4 – The Sacrifice of Desire: Sexual Rites and the Secret Sacrifice"</a>. The Power of Tantra: Religion, Sexuality, and the Politics of South Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. pp. 99–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9780755625185.ch-004">10.5040/9780755625185.ch-004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-2518-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-2518-5"><bdi>978-0-7556-2518-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4+%E2%80%93+The+Sacrifice+of+Desire%3A+Sexual+Rites+and+the+Secret+Sacrifice&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Tantra%3A+Religion%2C+Sexuality%2C+and+the+Politics+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=99-124&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9780755625185.ch-004&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-2518-5&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.aufirst=Hugh+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwg6MDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitehead_2018-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Whitehead_2018_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehead2018" class="citation journal cs1">Whitehead, Andrew L. (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00918369.2017.1310550">"Homosexuality, Religion, and the Family: The Effects of Religion on Americans' Appraisals of the Parenting Abilities of Same-Sex Couples"</a>. Journal of Homosexuality. 65 (1). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 42–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00918369.2017.1310550">10.1080/00918369.2017.1310550</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0091-8369">0091-8369</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28332944">28332944</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40252656">40252656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Homosexuality&rft.atitle=Homosexuality%2C+Religion%2C+and+the+Family%3A+The+Effects+of+Religion+on+Americans%27+Appraisals+of+the+Parenting+Abilities+of+Same-Sex+Couples&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-65&rft.date=2018-02&rft.issn=0091-8369&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40252656%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28332944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00918369.2017.1310550&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=Andrew+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00918369.2017.1310550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fetner_2001-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetner_2001_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFetner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Fetner, Tina (August 2001). "Working Anita Bryant: The Impact of Christian Anti-Gay Activism on Lesbian and Gay Movement Claims". <a href="/wiki/Social_Problems" title="Social Problems">Social Problems</a>. 48 (3). <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Study_of_Social_Problems" title="Society for the Study of Social Problems">Society for the Study of Social Problems</a>: 411–428. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fsp.2001.48.3.411">10.1525/sp.2001.48.3.411</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11375%2F21175">11375/21175</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1533-8533">1533-8533</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144876642">144876642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Working+Anita+Bryant%3A+The+Impact+of+Christian+Anti-Gay+Activism+on+Lesbian+and+Gay+Movement+Claims&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=411-428&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11375%2F21175&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144876642%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1533-8533&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fsp.2001.48.3.411&rft.aulast=Fetner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Int_J_Transgend.-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Int_J_Transgend._4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Int_J_Transgend._4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellHintonAnderson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell, Marianne; Hinton, Jordan D. X.; Anderson, Joel R. (February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830999">"A systematic review of the relationship between religion and attitudes toward transgender and gender-variant people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Transgenderism" class="mw-redirect" title="International Journal of Transgenderism">International Journal of Transgenderism</a>. 20 (1). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 21–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15532739.2018.1545149">10.1080/15532739.2018.1545149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1553-2739">1553-2739</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004213389">2004213389</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56795128">56795128</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830999">6830999</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32999592">32999592</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151069171">151069171</a>. <q>Many religions are based on teachings of peace, love, and tolerance, and thus, at least based on those specific teachings, these religions promote intergroup pro-sociality. However, evidence from studies of religion and social attitudes have paradoxically revealed that religion is typically a predictor of intergroup anti-sociality, or in other words religion tends to predict most forms of prejudice. When conceptualizing religion in terms of self-reported categorical religious affiliation (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, etc.), religiously affiliated individuals tend to report more negative attitudes against a variety of social outgroups than individuals who are not religiously affiliated. [...] In addition, most <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>) contain dogmas in which their respective deity create mankind with individuals who are perfectly entrenched in the gender binary (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>), and thus religions might be instilling cisgender normativity into individuals who ascribe to their doctrines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Transgenderism&rft.atitle=A+systematic+review+of+the+relationship+between+religion+and+attitudes+toward+transgender+and+gender-variant+people&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-38&rft.date=2019-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6830999%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151069171%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15532739.2018.1545149&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56795128&rft.issn=1553-2739&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2004213389&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32999592&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Jordan+D.+X.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Joel+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6830999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham_2017-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graham_2017_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graham_2017_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2017" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Philip (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X74pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250">"Male Sexuality and Pornography"</a>. Men and Sex: A Sexual Script Approach. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 250–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316874998.013">10.1017/9781316874998.013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107183933" title="Special:BookSources/9781107183933"><bdi>9781107183933</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004137">2017004137</a>. <q><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchal beliefs</a> assert the "natural" <a href="/wiki/Male_supremacism" class="mw-redirect" title="Male supremacism">superiority of men</a> with a right to leadership in family and public life. Such beliefs derive particularly from <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>. Patriarchal attitudes relating to sexual behaviour are mixed and inconsistent. They include, on one hand, the idea that as part of their natural inferiority, <a href="/wiki/Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Women">women</a> are less in control of their sex drives and are therefore essentially lustful, with a constant craving for sex. This belief leads to the <a href="/wiki/Rape_myth" title="Rape myth">rape myth</a> – even when women resist sexual advances they are using it merely as a seductive device. On the other hand, patriarchal beliefs also dictate that women, in contrast to men, are naturally submissive and have little interest in sex, so men have a "natural" right to sexual intercourse whether women want it or not.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Male+Sexuality+and+Pornography&rft.btitle=Men+and+Sex%3A+A+Sexual+Script+Approach&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=250-251&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2017004137&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316874998.013&rft.isbn=9781107183933&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX74pDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mbuwayesango_2016-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mbuwayesango_2016_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mbuwayesango_2016_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mbuwayesango_2016_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mbuwayesango_2016_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mbuwayesango_2016_6-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMbuwayesango2016" class="citation book cs1">Mbuwayesango, Dora R. (2016) [2015]. "Part III: The Bible and Bodies – Sex and Sexuality in Biblical Narrative". In <a href="/wiki/Danna_Nolan_Fewell" title="Danna Nolan Fewell">Fewell, Danna N.</a> (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 456–465. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199967728.013.39">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.39</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199967728" title="Special:BookSources/9780199967728"><bdi>9780199967728</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2015033360">2015033360</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146505567">146505567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+III%3A+The+Bible+and+Bodies+%E2%80%93+Sex+and+Sexuality+in+Biblical+Narrative&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Biblical+Narrative&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=456-465&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199967728.013.39&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146505567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2015033360&rft.isbn=9780199967728&rft.aulast=Mbuwayesango&rft.aufirst=Dora+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leeming_2003-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leeming_2003_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeming_2003_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeming_2003_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeming_2003_7-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeming2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Adams_Leeming" title="David Adams Leeming">Leeming, David A.</a> (June 2003). Carey, Lindsay B. (ed.). 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(May 2015). "Seven Gay Texts: Biblical Passages Used to Condemn Homosexuality". <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Theology_Bulletin" title="Biblical Theology Bulletin">Biblical Theology Bulletin</a>. 45 (2). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a> on behalf of Biblical Theology Bulletin Inc.: 68–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146107915577097">10.1177/0146107915577097</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-7596">1945-7596</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170127256">170127256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Theology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Seven+Gay+Texts%3A+Biblical+Passages+Used+to+Condemn+Homosexuality&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=68-87&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170127256%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1945-7596&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0146107915577097&rft.aulast=Gnuse&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lawnet.fordham.edu-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawnet.fordham.edu_9-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRehmanPolymenopoulou2013" class="citation journal cs1">Rehman, Javaid; Polymenopoulou, Eleni (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2322&context=ilj">"Is Green a Part of the Rainbow? Sharia, Homosexuality, and LGBT Rights in the Muslim World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fordham_International_Law_Journal" title="Fordham International Law Journal">Fordham International Law Journal</a>. 37 (1). <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_School_of_Law" title="Fordham University School of Law">Fordham University School of Law</a>: 1–53. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0747-9395">0747-9395</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52769025">52769025</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721220600/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2322&context=ilj">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2018. 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Retrieved 27 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwilliamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FGenerations-TransPop-Toplines-Jun-2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716123613/http://www.uua.org/news/freedomtomarry/index.html">"UUA News & Events: Freedom to Marry for All People"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=meccainstitute.org&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meccainstitute.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(historian)" title="Peter Smith (historian)">Smith, Peter</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/184">"Homosexuality"</a>. A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oneworld_Publications" title="Oneworld Publications">Oneworld Publications</a>. pp. 184–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-184-6"><bdi>978-1-85168-184-6</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homosexuality&rft.btitle=A+concise+encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=184-185&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-184-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseencyclope0000smit%2Fpage%2F184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-man_and_woman-101"><a href="#cite_ref-man_and_woman_101-0">^</a> "Baháʼí law restricts permissible sexual intercourse to that between a man and the woman to whom he is married." <dl><dd>(Letter from the Universal House of Justice to an individual; Lights of Guidance, pp. 365, #1225) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bahai-library.com/hornby_lights_guidance&chapter=2#n1225">[1]</a></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-married-102"><a href="#cite_ref-married_102-0">^</a> "...according to the Baháʼí Teachings no sexual act can be considered lawful unless performed between lawfully married persons. Outside of marital life there can be no lawful or healthy use of the sex impulse." <dl><dd>(On behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual; Lights of Guidance, pp. 364, #1220) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bahai-library.com/hornby_lights_guidance&chapter=2#n1220">[2]</a></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> "…the Faith does not recognize homosexuality as a "natural" or permanent phenomenon. Rather, it sees this as an aberration subject to treatment, however intractable exclusive homosexuality may now seem to be. To the question of alteration of homosexual bents, much study must be given, and doubtless in the future clear principles of prevention and treatment will emerge. As for those now afflicted, a homosexual does not decide to be a problem human, but he does, as you rightly state, have decision in choosing his way of life, i.e. abstaining from homosexual acts. "Your plea for understanding and of justice extended to homosexuals is well taken in many respects, and the House of Justice assures you of its concern for the large number of persons so afflicted. Your work with the homosexual community is praiseworthy, and it permits you personally to exercise the support which is necessary for these often harassed persons, support which you call for in your essay. Moreover, your interest cannot but be therapeutic, at least for the more superficial elements of the problem; however, definitive therapy of the underlying predisposition, which you consider to be innate but the Teachings do not, may have to await additional investigations. As for the responsibility of Assemblies and of individual Baháʼís, certainly all are called upon to be understanding, supportive and helpful to any individual who carries the burden of homosexuality." <dl><dd>(Letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice to an individual, 22 March 1987)</dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> (Letter of The Universal House of Justice, 5 June 1993, Homosexuality, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/compilation_homosexuality_bwc#page7">p. 7</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> "They (homosexuals) should be treated just like any other people seeking admittance to the Faith, and be accepted on the same basis. Our teachings, as outlined in "The Advent of Divine Justice" on the subject of living a chaste life, should be emphasized to them just as to every other applicant, but certainly no ruling whatsoever should be laid down in this matter. The Baháʼís have certainly not yet reached that stage of moral perfection where they are in a position to too harshly scrutinize the private lives of other souls, and each individual should be accepted on the basis of his faith, and sincere willingness to try to live up to the Divine standards" <dl><dd>(Compiled by the Universal House of Justice Research Department, Homosexuality, p. 3) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bahai-library.com/compilation_homosexuality_bwc">[3]</a></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-sympathized-106"><a href="#cite_ref-sympathized_106-0">^</a> "Amongst the many other evils afflicting society in this spiritual low water mark in history is the question of immorality, and over-emphasis of sex. Homosexuality, according to the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, is spiritually condemned. This does not mean that people so afflicted must not be helped and advised and sympathized with." <dl><dd>(On behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual, 21 May 1954; Lights of Guidance, p. 365, #1221) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bahai-library.com/hornby_lights_guidance&chapter=2#n1221">[4]</a></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-understanding-107"><a href="#cite_ref-understanding_107-0">^</a> "As for the responsibility of Assemblies and of individual Baháʼís, certainly all are called upon to be understanding, supportive and helpful to any individual who carries the burden of homosexuality." <dl><dd>(Compiled by Universal House of Justice Research Department, Homosexuality, p. 7) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bahai-library.com/compilation_homosexuality_bwc">[5]</a></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> "When an individual becomes a Baháʼí, he or she accepts the claim of Bahá'u'lláh to be the Manifestation of God bringing a divinely-inspired message from God for the benefit of mankind. Implicit in the acceptance of this claim is the commitment of the believer to embark on the lifelong process of endeavouring to implement the teachings on personal conduct. Through sincere and sustained effort, energized by faith in the validity of the Divine Message, and combined with patience with oneself and the loving support of the Baháʼí community, individuals are able to effect a change in their behaviour; as a consequence of this effort they partake of spiritual benefits which liberate them and which bestow a true happiness beyond description. As you know, Bahá'u'lláh has clearly forbidden the expression of sexual love between individuals of the same sex. However, the doors are open for all of humanity to enter the Cause of God, irrespective of their present circumstance; this invitation applies to homosexuals as well as to any others who are engaged in practices contrary to the Baháʼí teachings. Associated with this invitation is the expectation that all believers will make a sincere and persistent effort to eradicate those aspects of their conduct which are not in conformity with Divine Law. <dl><dd>(Compiled by Universal House of Justice Research Department, Homosexuality, p. 11) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bahai-library.com/compilation_homosexuality_bwc">[6]</a></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> 'Expose the Hindu Taliban!' by <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Row_Kavi" title="Ashok Row Kavi">Ashok Row Kavi</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Manu Smriti, 3.49 </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNanda1996" class="citation book cs1">Nanda, Serena (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dlI91F_FHSYC">"Hijras: An Alternative Sex and Gender Role in India"</a>. In Herdt, Gilbert H. (ed.). Third sex, third gender: Beyond sexual dimorphism in culture and history. Zone Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780942299823" title="Special:BookSources/9780942299823"><bdi>9780942299823</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hijras%3A+An+Alternative+Sex+and+Gender+Role+in+India&rft.btitle=Third+sex%2C+third+gender%3A+Beyond+sexual+dimorphism+in+culture+and+history&rft.pub=Zone+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780942299823&rft.aulast=Nanda&rft.aufirst=Serena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdlI91F_FHSYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Lariviere. Naradasmriti, (Part One). Philadelphia, 1989. </li> <li id="cite_note-History1-113"><a href="#cite_ref-History1_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVanitaKidwai2001">Vanita & Kidwai 2001</a>, p. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>, book 5, Chapter 191-5. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManu" class="citation book cs1">Manu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ManuSmriti_201601">Manusmriti in Sanskrit with English Translation</a>. p. 179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manusmriti+in+Sanskrit+with+English+Translation&rft.pages=179&rft.au=Manu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FManuSmriti_201601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a>, Chapter 9, "Of the Auparishtaka or Mouth Congress". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamashastra.com/kama209.htm">Text online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100313043325/http://www.kamashastra.com/kama209.htm">Archived</a> 13 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Pattanaik, Devdutt (2001). Homosexuality in Ancient India, <a href="/wiki/Debonair_(magazine)" title="Debonair (magazine)">Debonair</a> 2000 or 2001. Essay available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaybombay.org/reading/art0001.html">online</a> from GayBombay.org. </li> <li id="cite_note-cunda_kammaraputta_sutta-118"><a href="#cite_ref-cunda_kammaraputta_sutta_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.176.than.html">"Cunda Kammaraputta Sutta"</a> [To Cunda the Silversmith]. Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Anguttara_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguttara Nikaya">AN</a> 10.176. Retrieved 14 March 2011. <q>Abandoning sensual misconduct, he abstains from sensual misconduct. He does not get sexually involved with those who are protected by their mothers, their fathers, their brothers, their sisters, their relatives, or their Dhamma; those with husbands, those who entail punishments, or even those crowned with flowers by another man</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cunda+Kammaraputta+Sutta&rft.pub=Access+to+Insight&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Ftipitaka%2Fan%2Fan10%2Fan10.176.than.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhammatalks.net/suttacentral/sc/zh/ma128.html">優婆塞經</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218064551/http://www.dhammatalks.net/suttacentral/sc/zh/ma128.html">Archived</a> 18 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(Upāsaka Sutra from Madhyam āgama):復次，舍梨子！白衣聖弟子離邪婬、斷邪婬，彼或有父所護，或母所護，或父母所護，或兄弟所護，或姉妹所護，或婦父母所護，或親親所護，或同姓所護，或為他婦女，有鞭罰恐怖，及有名雇債至華鬘親，不犯如是女。彼於邪淫淨除其心，白衣聖弟子善護行，此第三法 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjahn_Punnadhammo" class="citation web cs1">Ajahn Punnadhammo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrowriver.ca/torStar/samesex.html">"Same Sex Marriage"</a>. <q>The lay man is told to abstain from sex with "unsuitable partners" defined as girls under age, women betrothed or married and women who have taken vows of religious celibacy. This is clear, sound advice and seems to suggest that sexual misconduct is that which would disrupt existing family or love relationships. This is consonant with the general Buddhist principle that that which causes suffering for oneself or others is unethical behaviour. ("Unskillful behaviour" would be closer to the original.) There is no good reason to assume that homosexual relations which do not violate this principle should be treated differently.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Same+Sex+Marriage&rft.au=Ajahn+Punnadhammo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arrowriver.ca%2FtorStar%2Fsamesex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomdet_Phra_Buddhaghosacariya1993" class="citation book cs1">Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nanavara/uposatha.html">Uposatha Sila The Eight-Precept Observance</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uposatha+Sila+The+Eight-Precept+Observance&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Somdet+Phra+Buddhaghosacariya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Flib%2Fauthors%2Fnanavara%2Fuposatha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988">There are four factors of the third precept (kamesu micchacara)</li></ul> <ol><li>agamaniya vatthu – that which should not be visited (the 20 groups of women).</li> <li>asmim sevana-cittam – the intention to have intercourse with anyone included in the above-mentioned groups.</li> <li>sevanap-payogo – the effort at sexual intercourse.</li> <li>maggena maggappatipatti – sexual contact through that adhivasanam effort.</li></ol> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhikkhu_Bodhi1981" class="citation book cs1">Bhikkhu Bodhi (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bodhimonastery.org/going-for-refuge-taking-the-precepts.html#prec2">Going for Refuge & Taking the Precepts (The Five Precepts)</a>. Buddhist Publication Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Going+for+Refuge+%26+Taking+the+Precepts+%28The+Five+Precepts%29&rft.pub=Buddhist+Publication+Society&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Bhikkhu+Bodhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbodhimonastery.org%2Fgoing-for-refuge-taking-the-precepts.html%23prec2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebumagazine.org/2018/06/27/the-buddhist-pioneers-of-same-sex-marriage-in-the-west-a-little-known-history-of-compassion-in-action-dr-michael-vermeulen/">"The Buddhist pioneers of same-sex marriage in the West: a little-known history of compassion in action by Dr Michael Vermeulen"</a> (in Italian). Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+pioneers+of+same-sex+marriage+in+the+West%3A+a+little-known+history+of+compassion+in+action+by+Dr+Michael+Vermeulen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebumagazine.org%2F2018%2F06%2F27%2Fthe-buddhist-pioneers-of-same-sex-marriage-in-the-west-a-little-known-history-of-compassion-in-action-dr-michael-vermeulen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2017" class="citation web cs1">Michael, Vermeulen (September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Religion/ArticlesCompilationForbAndSexuality.pdf">"Special Rapporteur's Compilation of Articles on Freedom of religion or belief and Sexuality: The rise of Rainbow Dharma: Buddhism on sexual diversity and same-sex marriage by Michael Vermeulen"</a> (PDF). The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN Human Rights).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Office+of+the+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights+%28UN+Human+Rights%29&rft.atitle=Special+Rapporteur%27s+Compilation+of+Articles+on+Freedom+of+religion+or+belief+and+Sexuality%3A+The+rise+of+Rainbow+Dharma%3A+Buddhism+on+sexual+diversity+and+same-sex+marriage+by+Michael+Vermeulen&rft.date=2017-09&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Vermeulen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FIssues%2FReligion%2FArticlesCompilationForbAndSexuality.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood" class="citation web cs1">Atwood, Haleigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lionsroar.com/lgbtq-buddhism/">"LGBTQ Buddhists: Teachings, Profiles, and Conversations – Lion's Roar"</a>. Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LGBTQ+Buddhists%3A+Teachings%2C+Profiles%2C+and+Conversations+%E2%80%93+Lion%27s+Roar&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Haleigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionsroar.com%2Flgbtq-buddhism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1995" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Peter Anthony (December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-EPT/anth.htm">"Thai Buddhist accounts of male homosexuality and AIDS in the 1980s"</a>. The Australian Journal of Anthropology. 6 (3): 140–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1835-9310.1995.tb00133.x">10.1111/j.1835-9310.1995.tb00133.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12291560">12291560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Journal+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Thai+Buddhist+accounts+of+male+homosexuality+and+AIDS+in+the+1980s&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=140-53&rft.date=1995-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1835-9310.1995.tb00133.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12291560&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Peter+Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccbs.ntu.edu.tw%2FFULLTEXT%2FJR-EPT%2Fanth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isanghamahal.wordpress.com/2009/03/29/thich-nhat-hanh-on-homosexuality/">"Thich Nhat Hanh: On Homosexuality"</a>. praktis isanghamahal. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=praktis+isanghamahal&rft.atitle=Thich+Nhat+Hanh%3A+On+Homosexuality&rft.date=2009-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisanghamahal.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F03%2F29%2Fthich-nhat-hanh-on-homosexuality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNhat.2009" class="citation book cs1">Nhat., Hanh, Thich (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/730045848">Answers from the Heart : Practical Responses to Life's Burning Questions</a>. Parallax Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935209-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935209-00-3"><bdi>978-1-935209-00-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/730045848">730045848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Answers+from+the+Heart+%3A+Practical+Responses+to+Life%27s+Burning+Questions.&rft.pub=Parallax+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F730045848&rft.isbn=978-1-935209-00-3&rft.aulast=Nhat.&rft.aufirst=Hanh%2C+Thich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F730045848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSam_Shoushi2008" class="citation web cs1">Sam Shoushi (25 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section2/2008/06/japan-and-sexual-minorities.html">"Japan and Sexual Minorities | ヒューライツ大阪"</a>. Hurights.or.jp. 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Retrieved 29 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=advojka.cz&rft.atitle=Activism+under+the+auspices+of+dhamma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.advojka.cz%2Farchiv%2F2020%2F23%2Factivism-under-the-auspices-of-dhamma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/351847/gay-and-transgender-katoey-struggle-with-buddhism">"Young monks struggle with gender issues"</a>. Bangkok Post. Retrieved 20 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Young+monks+struggle+with+gender+issues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fspecial-reports%2F351847%2Fgay-and-transgender-katoey-struggle-with-buddhism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandran2020" class="citation news cs1">Chandran, Rina (21 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-lgbt-religion-interview-trfn-idUSKBN25H0RZ">"'LGBT people are also humans': Thai Buddhist monk backs equality"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 20 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27LGBT+people+are+also+humans%27%3A+Thai+Buddhist+monk+backs+equality&rft.date=2020-08-21&rft.aulast=Chandran&rft.aufirst=Rina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-thailand-lgbt-religion-interview-trfn-idUSKBN25H0RZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Craig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buddhistdoor.net/news/buddhist-monk-seeks-equality-acceptance-for-thailandrsquos-lgbt-communities">"Buddhist Monk Seeks Equality, Acceptance for Thailand's LGBT+ Communities"</a>. Buddhistdoor Global.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buddhistdoor+Global&rft.atitle=Buddhist+Monk+Seeks+Equality%2C+Acceptance+for+Thailand%27s+LGBT%2B+Communities&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhistdoor.net%2Fnews%2Fbuddhist-monk-seeks-equality-acceptance-for-thailandrsquos-lgbt-communities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Dalai-Lama-Speaks-on-Gay-Sex-He-says-it-s-wrong-2836591.php">"Dalai Lama Speaks on Gay Sex / He says it's wrong for Buddhists but not for society"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 11 June 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Dalai+Lama+Speaks+on+Gay+Sex+%2F+He+says+it%27s+wrong+for+Buddhists+but+not+for+society&rft.date=1997-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FDalai-Lama-Speaks-on-Gay-Sex-He-says-it-s-wrong-2836591.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThubten_Chodron" class="citation book cs1">Thubten Chodron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thubtenchodron.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Dealing-With-Lifes-Issues.pdf">Dealing With Life's Issues</a> (PDF). <q>The Pali scriptures make no mention of homosexuality being unwise sexual conduct. For monastics, all sexual intercourse is a root downfall. It doesn't specify the gender of one's partner. Vasubandhu, a teacher who came several centuries after the Buddha, discouraged homosexuality. Personally speaking, I think what's most important is the motivation behind how we use our sexuality. In other words, if people use their sexuality unkindly or unwisely, it doesn't matter if it is directed to someone of their own sex or the opposite sex.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dealing+With+Life%27s+Issues&rft.au=Thubten+Chodron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthubtenchodron.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F04%2FDealing-With-Lifes-Issues.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060423234456/http://quietmountain.org/links/teachings/gayrites.htm">"Dalai Lama urges 'full human rights for all,' including gays"</a>. 23 April 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quietmountain.org/links/teachings/gayrites.htm">the original</a> on 23 April 2006. Retrieved 20 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dalai+Lama+urges+%27full+human+rights+for+all%2C%27+including+gays&rft.date=2006-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquietmountain.org%2Flinks%2Fteachings%2Fgayrites.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJVvVSr8E2M">The Dalai Lama Weighs in on Same Sex Marriage | Dalai Lama Interview | Larry King Now – Ora TV</a>, 27 February 2014, retrieved 20 March 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dalai+Lama+Weighs+in+on+Same+Sex+Marriage+%7C+Dalai+Lama+Interview+%7C+Larry+King+Now+%E2%80%93+Ora+TV&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpJVvVSr8E2M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/dalai-lama-voices-support-gay-marriage-n46906">"Dalai Lama Voices Support for Gay Marriage"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=northwestdharma.org&rft.atitle=Seattle+Betsuin+Brings+New+Light+to+LGBTQ+Issues%3A+Northwest+Dharma+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthwestdharma.org%2Frainbowsea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413123019/http://www.globalbuddhism.org/jgb/index.php/jgb/article/viewFile/125/140">""All Beings Are Equally Embraced By Amida Buddha": Jodo Shinshu Buddhism and Same-Sex Marriage in the United States"</a>. Journal of Global Buddhism Vol. 13 (2012): 31–59. 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Retrieved 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LOGO+News&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+Gay+Pilgrims+Trek+To+Taiwan+To+Pray+For+Love+At+%22Rabbit%22+Temple&rft.au=Alexander+Stevenson+1%2F22%2F2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnownext.com%2Ftaiwanese-rabbit-temple-drawing-gay-pilgrims%2F01%2F2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Crompton_2003-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crompton_2003_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crompton_2003_162-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrompton2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Crompton" title="Louis Crompton">Crompton, Louis</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBYd9xVaXcC&pg=PA413">"Pre-Meiji Japan"</a>. Homosexuality and Civilization. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674022331" title="Special:BookSources/9780674022331"><bdi>9780674022331</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2003245327">2003245327</a>. <q>Shinto was principally concerned with propitiatory rites and ceremonies; <a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">its mythology</a> fostered nationalism through the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult#Ancient_and_Imperial_Japan" title="Imperial cult">cult of divine emperors</a>, but it had no special code of morals and seems to have regarded sex as a natural phenomenon to be enjoyed with few inhibitions. <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">Phallic</a> <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">shrines</a> dotted the countryside. 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New York. 2015. pp. 64–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78238-647-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78238-647-6"><bdi>978-1-78238-647-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908932432">908932432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+pagan+and+native+faith+movements+in+Europe+%3A+colonialist+and+nationalist+impulses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=64-84&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908932432&rft.isbn=978-1-78238-647-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F908932432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/908932432">Contemporary pagan and native faith movements in Europe : colonialist and nationalist impulses</a>. 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Retrieved 9 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culto+a+la+santa+muerte+casar%C3%A1+a+gays&rft.pub=Tendenciagay.com&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tendenciagay.com%2Fnoticias%2Fampliar%2F789%2Fculto-a-la-santa-muerte-casara-a-gays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mexico's Holy Death Church Will Conduct Gay Weddings". Latin American Herald Tribune. 7 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+Holy+Death+Church+Will+Conduct+Gay+Weddings&rft.date=2010-01-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-COS_FAQ-223">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COS_FAQ_223-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-COS_FAQ_223-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofsatan.com/Pages/_FAQ10.html">Church of Satan FAQ 10. SEXUALITY.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101174746/http://www.churchofsatan.com/Pages/_FAQ10.html">Archived</a> 1 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Church of Satan Official Website. Retrieved 28 October 2012. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdal2020" class="citation book cs1">Birdal, Mehmet Sinan (2020). "The State of Being LGBT in the Age of Reaction: Post-2011 Visibility and Repression in the Middle East and North Africa". In Bosia, Michael J.; McEvoy, Sandra M.; Rahman, Momin (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190673741.013.16">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190673741" title="Special:BookSources/9780190673741"><bdi>9780190673741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Being+LGBT+in+the+Age+of+Reaction%3A+Post-2011+Visibility+and+Repression+in+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Global+LGBT+and+Sexual+Diversity+Politics&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190673741.013.16&rft.isbn=9780190673741&rft.aulast=Birdal&rft.aufirst=Mehmet+Sinan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boswell_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Boswell (historian)">John Boswell</a>, Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, 1st ed. 1980 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-06710-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-06710-6">0-226-06710-6</a>, paperback Nov. 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-06711-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-06711-4">0-226-06711-4</a></li> <li>Dane S. Claussen, ed. Sex, Religion, Media, Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-1558-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-1558-3">0-7425-1558-3</a></li> <li>Mathew Kuefler (editor), The Boswell Thesis: Essays on Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality, University of Chicago Press, Nov. 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-45741-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-45741-9">0-226-45741-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckhart_Tolle" title="Eckhart Tolle">Eckhart Tolle</a>, The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment, New World Library, 1st ed. 1999, paperback 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57731-480-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57731-480-8">1-57731-480-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtengoff2017" class="citation journal cs1">Etengoff, Chana (28 January 2017). "Petitioning for Social Change: Letters to Religious Leaders From Gay Men and Their Family Allies". Journal of Homosexuality. 64 (2): 166–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00918369.2016.1174022">10.1080/00918369.2016.1174022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27046269">27046269</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40419307">40419307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Homosexuality&rft.atitle=Petitioning+for+Social+Change%3A+Letters+to+Religious+Leaders+From+Gay+Men+and+Their+Family+Allies&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=166-194&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40419307%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27046269&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00918369.2016.1174022&rft.aulast=Etengoff&rft.aufirst=Chana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtengoffDaiute2014" class="citation journal cs1">Etengoff, Chana; Daiute, Colette (February 2014). "Family members' uses of religion in post–coming-out conflicts with their gay relative". Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 6 (1): 33–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0035198">10.1037/a0035198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Religion+and+Spirituality&rft.atitle=Family+members%27+uses+of+religion+in+post%E2%80%93coming-out+conflicts+with+their+gay+relative.&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-43&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0035198&rft.aulast=Etengoff&rft.aufirst=Chana&rft.au=Daiute%2C+Colette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman2020" class="citation book cs1">Rahman, Momin (2020). 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The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190673741.013.27">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190673741" title="Special:BookSources/9780190673741"><bdi>9780190673741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Queer+Muslim+Challenges+to+the+Internationalization+of+LGBT+Rights%3A+Decolonizing+International+Relations+Methodology+through+Intersectionality&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Global+LGBT+and+Sexual+Diversity+Politics&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190673741.013.27&rft.isbn=9780190673741&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Momin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Arlene Swidler: Homosexuality and World Religions. 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Murray and Will Roscoe (eds.), NYU Press New York</li> <li>Wafer, Jim (1997) "The Symbolism of Male Love in Islamic Mysthical Literature" in "Islamic Homosexualities: culture, history, and literature" by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe (eds.), NYU Press New York 1997</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRansomMonkQureshiHeim2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ransom, Heather J.; Monk, Rebecca L.; Qureshi, Adam; Heim, Derek (February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11089-020-00935-0">"Life after Social Death: Leaving the Jehovah's Witnesses, Identity Transition and Recovery"</a>. Pastoral Psychology. 70 (1): 53–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11089-020-00935-0">10.1007/s11089-020-00935-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254889060">254889060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pastoral+Psychology&rft.atitle=Life+after+Social+Death%3A+Leaving+the+Jehovah%27s+Witnesses%2C+Identity+Transition+and+Recovery&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-69&rft.date=2021-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11089-020-00935-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254889060%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ransom&rft.aufirst=Heather+J.&rft.au=Monk%2C+Rebecca+L.&rft.au=Qureshi%2C+Adam&rft.au=Heim%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11089-020-00935-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Pew Research Center. (2022, June 13). Religious landscape study. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/jehovahs-witness/views-about-homosexuality/</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuther2023" class="citation journal cs1">Luther, Rosie (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803876">"What Happens to Those Who Exit Jehovah's Witnesses: An Investigation of the Impact of Shunning"</a>. Pastoral Psychology. 72 (1): 105–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11089-022-01051-x">10.1007/s11089-022-01051-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9803876">9803876</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36618854">36618854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pastoral+Psychology&rft.atitle=What+Happens+to+Those+Who+Exit+Jehovah%27s+Witnesses%3A+An+Investigation+of+the+Impact+of+Shunning&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=105-120&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9803876%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36618854&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11089-022-01051-x&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9803876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927073959/http://www.changingattitude.org/home/home.asp">Changing Attitude (International)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226182252/http://ibcsr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=112:religion-plays-an-important-role-in-the-lives-of-gay-americans&catid=25:research-news&Itemid=59">"Religion plays an important role in the lives of gay Americans"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqhumanists.org">LGBTQ Humanists</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpvusa.org/lgbtqi-resources">"LGBTQI Resources"</a>. mpvusa.org. Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/Muslims_for_Progressive_Values" title="Muslims for Progressive Values">Muslims for Progressive Values</a>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819022452/https://www.mpvusa.org/lgbtqi-resources">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mpvusa.org&rft.atitle=LGBTQI+Resources&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpvusa.org%2Flgbtqi-resources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastman1990" class="citation web cs1">Eastman, Don (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830094927/http://religiousinstitute.org/denom_statements/homosexuality-not-a-sin-not-a-sickness-part-ii-what-the-bible-does-and-does-not-say/">"Homosexuality: Not a Sin, Not a Sickness – Part II: "What The Bible Does and Does Not Say…""</a>. religiousinstitute.org. Bridgeport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/The_Religious_Institute_on_Sexual_Morality,_Justice,_and_Healing" title="The Religious Institute on Sexual Morality, Justice, and Healing">The Religious Institute on Sexual Morality, Justice, and Healing</a>. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=religiousinstitute.org&rft.atitle=Homosexuality%3A+Not+a+Sin%2C+Not+a+Sickness+%E2%80%93+Part+II%3A+%22What+The+Bible+Does+and+Does+Not+Say%E2%80%A6%22&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligiousinstitute.org%2Fdenom_statements%2Fhomosexuality-not-a-sin-not-a-sickness-part-ii-what-the-bible-does-and-does-not-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVines2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Vines, Matthew (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/2842044/gay-christians/">"10 Reasons God Loves Gay Christians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. New York City. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1311479">1311479</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503045248/https://time.com/2842044/gay-christians/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=10+Reasons+God+Loves+Gay+Christians&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1311479&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Vines&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F2842044%2Fgay-christians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+and+LGBTQ+people" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2010" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Nancy L. (22 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mccchurch.org/files/2016/08/OurStoryToo.pdf">"Our Story Too: Reading the Bible with "New Eyes""</a> (PDF). mccchurch.org. Ocala, Florida: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Community_Church" title="Metropolitan Community Church">Metropolitan Community Church</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201133244/https://mccchurch.org/files/2016/08/OurStoryToo.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2017. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Academic_fields_*_Discourse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Academic fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse" title="Discourse">Discourse</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Education and the LGBTQ community">LGBTQ topics in education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li> <li><a 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Community_*_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_community" title="LGBTQ community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture" title="LGBTQ culture">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay anthem">Anthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_awards" title="List of LGBTQ-related awards">Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_literary_awards" title="List of LGBTQ literary awards">Literary</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bar" title="Gay bar">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bar" title="Lesbian bar">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_community" title="Bisexual community">Bisexual community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ-owned_business" title="LGBTQ-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">Coming out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_community_centre" title="LGBTQ community centre">Community centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_king" title="Drag king">Drag king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">Drag queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_events" title="List of LGBTQ events">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_awareness_periods" title="List of LGBTQ awareness periods">Awareness periods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_film_festivals" title="List of LGBTQ film festivals">Film festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_village" title="Gay village">Gay village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay-friendly" title="Gay-friendly">Gay-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_icon" title="Gay icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_literature" title="LGBTQ literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_music" title="LGBTQ music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ%2B_media" title="LGBTQ+ media">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_LGBT-related_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of LGBT-related films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New queer cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_periodicals" title="List of LGBTQ periodicals">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Media portrayal of LGBTQ people">Portrayal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_organizations_and_conferences" title="List of LGBTQ-related organizations and conferences">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Lists of LGBTQ people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pets_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Pets and the LGBTQ community">Pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_(LGBTQ_culture)" title="Pride (LGBTQ culture)">Pride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride parade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">Religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gay_Rodeo_Association" title="International Gay Rodeo Association">Rodeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Same-sex relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_slang" title="LGBTQ slang">Slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_slogans" title="LGBTQ slogans">Slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_modern_sports" title="Homosexuality in modern sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_theatre" title="LGBTQ theatre">Theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_theatre_companies" title="List of LGBTQ theatre companies">Companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_tourism" title="LGBTQ tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_symbols" title="LGBTQ symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_triangle_(badge)" title="Black triangle (badge)">Black triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaysper" title="Gaysper">Gaysper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_triangle" title="Pink triangle">Pink triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_plaque" title="Rainbow plaque">Rainbow plaque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">Pride flags</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromantic_flag" title="Aromantic flag">Aromantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexual_flag" title="Asexual flag">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_flag_(gay_culture)" title="Bear flag (gay culture)">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_flag" title="Bisexual flag">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_flag_of_South_Africa" title="Gay flag of South Africa">Gay flag of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_men%27s_flags" title="Gay men's flags">Gay men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_pride_flag" title="Leather pride flag">Leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_flags" title="Lesbian flags">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_flag" title="Non-binary flag">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansexual_flag" title="Pansexual flag">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_flag_(LGBT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow flag (LGBT)">Rainbow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_crossing" title="Rainbow crossing">Rainbow crossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Transgender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Gender_identities_*_Sexual_identities_*_Sexual_diversities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Sexual diversities</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gender_identity" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boi_(slang)" title="Boi (slang)">Boi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary / genderqueer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theyby" title="Theyby">Theyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman" title="Woman">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womxn" title="Womxn">Womxn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn" title="Womyn">Womyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenogender" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenogender">Xenogender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third sex / Third gender</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Balkan sworn virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissu">Bissu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sexual_orientations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attraction_to_transgender_people" title="Attraction to transgender people">Attraction to transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjee" title="Banjee">Banjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">Bi-curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteroflexibility" title="Heteroflexibility">Heteroflexible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosexuality" title="Monosexuality">Monosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same_gender_loving" title="Same gender loving">Same gender loving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_minority" title="Sexual minority">Sexual minority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_(gender_identity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom (gender identity)">Tom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dee_(gender_identity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dee (gender identity)">Dee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_acronyms" title="List of LGBTQ acronyms">Acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Detransition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effeminacy" title="Effeminacy">Effeminacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_target_location_error" title="Erotic target location error">Erotic target location error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-gay_movement" title="Ex-gay movement">Ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-ex-gay" title="Ex-ex-gay">Ex-ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Gender and sexual diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Gender assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Healthcare and the LGBTQ community">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_medical_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ medical organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_men" title="Sexual practices between men">Sexual practices between men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_ally" title="Straight ally">Straight ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomboy" title="Tomboy">Tomboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Transgender health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_women" title="Sexual practices between women">Sexual practices between women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_homosexuality" title="History of homosexuality">History of homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gay_men_in_the_United_States" title="History of gay men in the United States">History of gay men in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_lesbianism" title="History of lesbianism">History of lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_migration" title="LGBT migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">Social movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_student_movement" title="LGBTQ student movement">Students</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="History of Christianity and homosexuality">History of Christianity and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_unions" title="History of same-sex unions">History of same-sex unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty" title="Pederasty">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_history" title="Category:LGBTQ history">Category:LGBTQ history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphopoiesis" title="Adelphopoiesis">Adelphopoiesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Homosexuality in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Homosexuality in pre-Columbian Peru">pre-Columbian Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Homosexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_medieval_Europe" title="Homosexuality in medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_19th_century" title="LGBT rights in the 19th century">19th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molly_house" title="Molly house">Molly house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_377" title="Section 377">Section 377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_homosexual_movement" title="First homosexual movement">First homosexual movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history,_20th_century" title="Timeline of LGBT history, 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Forty-One" title="Dance of the Forty-One">Dance of the Forty-One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft" title="Institut für Sexualwissenschaft">Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_scandal" title="Cadet scandal">Cadet scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Legislative_Investigation_Committee" title="Florida Legislative Investigation Committee">Florida Legislative Investigation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_queen" title="Sea queen">Sea queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton%27s_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Compton's Cafeteria riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Front" title="Gay Liberation Front">Gay Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handkerchief_code" title="Handkerchief code">Handkerchief code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Gay_Liberation_Front_1971_Festival_of_Light_action" title="UK Gay Liberation Front 1971 Festival of Light action">Festival of Light action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Night_riots" title="White Night riots">White Night riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_homosexuel_d%27action_r%C3%A9volutionnaire" title="Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire">Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977%E2%80%931980_Florida_orange_juice_boycott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977–1980 Florida orange juice boycott (page does not exist)">Florida orange juice boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Soap" title="Operation Soap">Operation Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACT_UP" title="ACT UP">ACT UP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasty_nightclub_raid" title="Tasty nightclub raid">Tasty nightclub raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Abanicos_police_raid" title="Bar Abanicos police raid">Bar Abanicos police raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history,_21st_century" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history, 21st century">21st century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_anti-LGBT_law" title="Russian anti-LGBT law">Russian anti-LGBT law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2014" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014">Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_wave" title="Rainbow wave">Rainbow wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Night" title="Rainbow Night">Rainbow Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Rights_and_legal_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">Rights and legal issues</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_articles_by_region" title="List of LGBTQ rights articles by region">List of LGBTQ rights articles by region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBTQ rights topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_LGBT_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship of LGBT issues">Censorship of LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions and partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization of homosexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">decriminalization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT people and military service">Military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_parenting" title="Same-sex parenting">Same-sex parenting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBT_people" title="Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBT people">Assisted reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_same-sex_married_couples" title="List of same-sex married couples">List of couples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism and LGBT rights">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Transgender rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">United Nations</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ rights movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homophile_movement" title="Homophile movement">Homophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">Gay liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations">LGBTQ rights groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_activists" title="List of LGBTQ rights activists">LGBTQ rights activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_capitalism" title="Rainbow capitalism">Rainbow capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Separatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_separatism" title="Gay separatism">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian separatism">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="Sexual_orientation_—_Medicine,_science_and_sexology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a> — Medicine, science and sexology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Autism and LGBTQ identities">Autism and LGBTQ identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_birth_order_and_male_sexual_orientation" title="Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation">Birth order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation" title="Demographics of sexual orientation">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Disability and LGBTQ identities">Disability and LGBTQ identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_sexual_orientation" title="Environment and sexual orientation">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_psychology" title="Homosexuality and psychology">Homosexuality and psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_DSM" title="Homosexuality in the DSM">Homosexuality in the DSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsey_scale" title="Kinsey scale">Kinsey scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Sexual_Orientation_Grid" title="Klein Sexual Orientation Grid">Klein Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_and_sexual_orientation" title="Neuroscience and sexual orientation">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation" title="Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation">Prenatal hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_inversion_(sexology)" title="Sexual inversion (sexology)">Sexual inversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual orientation identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_sexual_orientation_and_medicine" title="Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine">Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Societal_attitudes_*_Prejudice_*_Violence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></li> <li>Prejudice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteropatriarchy" title="Heteropatriarchy">Heteropatriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkwashing_(LGBTQ)" title="Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)">Pinkwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_panic_defense" title="Gay panic defense">Gay panic defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suicides_of_LGBTQ_people" title="List of suicides of LGBTQ people">Suicides of LGBTQ people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_youth" title="Suicide among LGBTQ youth">Suicide among LGBTQ youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:LGBTQ monuments and memorials">Monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerbaiting" title="Queerbaiting">Queerbaiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people and religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prejudice and discrimination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_homophobia" title="Liberal homophobia">Liberal homophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_lesbians" title="Discrimination against lesbians">Discrimination against lesbians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Discrimination against non-binary people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_LGBT_community" title="Racism in the LGBT community">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddle_scale" title="Riddle scale">Riddle scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence against LGBTQ people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">History of violence in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people_in_the_United_States" title="History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United States">History of violence in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="List of acts of violence against LGBTQ people">Acts of violence against LGBTQ people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Stop Murder Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence against transgender people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Unlawfully killed transgender people</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ" title="Category:LGBTQ">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_and_LGBT_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_LGBT_people" title="Template:Religion and LGBT people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_LGBT_people" title="Template talk:Religion and LGBT people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_LGBT_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and LGBT people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_and_LGBT_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">Religion and LGBT people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people and religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_sexual_orientation" title="Christianity and sexual orientation">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Baptist_churches" title="Homosexuality and Baptist churches">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">LDS Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Methodism" title="Homosexuality and Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Pentecostalism" title="Homosexuality and Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism_and_homosexuality" title="Presbyterianism and homosexuality">Presbyterian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Quakerism" title="Homosexuality and Quakerism">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="Catholic Church and homosexuality">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis_and_LGBT_topics" title="Pope Francis and LGBT topics">Pope Francis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_and_affirming" title="Open and affirming">United Church of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Other Abrahamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and the Bahá'í Faith">Bahá'í Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Buddhism and sexual orientation">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_LGBT_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and LGBT topics">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_movement_and_sexual_orientation" title="Hare Krishna movement and sexual orientation">Hare Krishna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Sikhism and sexual orientation">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pagan_views_on_LGBT_people" title="Modern pagan views on LGBT people">Modern paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_homosexuality" title="Scientology and homosexuality">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitarian Universalism and LGBT people">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou_and_sexual_orientation" title="Haitian Vodou and sexual orientation">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Zoroastrianism and sexual orientation">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-Spirit">Two-Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">The Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_denominations_in_Judaism" title="LGBT-affirming denominations in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_affirming_LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian denominations affirming LGBT">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ordination of LGBT clergy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_clergy_in_Judaism" title="LGBT clergy in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_clergy_in_Christianity" title="LGBT clergy in Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_and_Judaism" title="Same-sex marriage and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_same-sex_unions_in_Christian_churches" title="Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches">Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Religion in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_America" title="Religion in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bolivia" title="Religion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ecuador" title="Religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Peru" title="Religion in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uruguay" title="Religion in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Venezuela" title="Religion in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_and_..." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_topic" title="Template:Religion and topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_topic" title="Template talk:Religion and topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_and_..." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and ...</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">(Some topic...) and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_and_religion" title="Astronomy and religion">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_and_religion" title="Fertility and religion">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_religion" title="Gender and religion">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_religion" title="Law and religion">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_religion" title="Marxism and religion">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_and_religion" title="Morality and religion">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_and_religion" title="Slavery and religion">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud_and_religion" title="Subud and religion">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_and_religion" title="Vaccination and religion">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_and_religion" title="World War I and religion">World War I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Religion and (some topic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_abortion" title="Religion and abortion">abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and AIDS">AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and animal rights">animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_authoritarianism" title="Religion and authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_birth_control" title="Religion and birth control">birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_capital_punishment" title="Religion and capital punishment">capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_child_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and child marriage">child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_children" title="Religion and children">children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and climate change">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and communism">communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_coping_with_trauma" title="Religion and coping with trauma">coping with trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and coronavirus">coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and corruption">corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and crime">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and the death penalty">death penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_disability" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and disability">disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_divorce" title="Religion and divorce">divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and domestic violence">domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_drugs" title="Religion and drugs">drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_education_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and education in Pakistan">education in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_environmentalism" title="Religion and environmentalism">environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and ethics">ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and ethnicity">ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_executions" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and executions">executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and gambling">gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and gender">gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_geography" title="Religion and geography">geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and government">government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_health" title="Religion and health">health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Religion and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_human_migration" title="Religion and human migration">human migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and identity">identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and intelligence">intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and the internet">the internet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LGBTQ people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mental_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and mental health">mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and mental illness">mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_schizophrenia" title="Religion and schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_morality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and morality">morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_negotiations" title="Religion and negotiations">negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_pacifism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and pacifism">pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_personality" title="Religion and personality">personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Religion and politics in the United States">politics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and ritual">ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_adolescent_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and adolescent sexuality">adolescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_bestiality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and bestiality">bestiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_heterosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and heterosexuality">heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_polygamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and polygamy">polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_polygyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and polygyny">polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_pornography" title="Religious views on pornography">pornography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_superstition" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and superstition">superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and terror">terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and torture">torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and vaccination">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and violence">violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and warfare">warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Category:... and religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adoption_and_religion" title="Category:Adoption and religion">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:African_Americans_and_religion" title="Category:African Americans and religion">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis_and_religion" title="Category:Cannabis and religion">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_and_religion" title="Category:Economics and religion">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_and_religion" title="Category:Economy and religion">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_and_religion" title="Category:Environment and religion">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Evolution_and_religion" title="Category:Evolution and religion">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_LGBTQ_and_religion" title="Category:Films about LGBTQ and religion">Films about LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasonry_and_religion" title="Category:Freemasonry and religion">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_and_religion" title="Category:Gender and religion">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hellenistic_philosophy_and_religion" title="Category:Hellenistic philosophy and religion">Hellenistic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:Religion and LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism_and_religion" title="Category:Liberalism and religion">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage_and_religion" title="Category:Marriage and religion">Marriage</a></li> <li>Mythology <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aztec_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Aztec mythology and religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maya_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Maya mythology and religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesoamerican_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Mesoamerican mythology and religion">Mesoamerican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mixtec_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Mixtec mythology and religion">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muisca_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Muisca mythology and religion">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Olmec_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Olmec mythology and religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-Columbian_mythology_and_religion" title="Category:Pre-Columbian mythology and religion">Pre-Columbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_and_religion" title="Category:Nature and religion">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychedelics_and_religion" title="Category:Psychedelics and religion">Psychedelics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexual_abstinence_and_religion" title="Category:Sexual abstinence and religion">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_and_religion" title="Category:Sexuality and religion">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slavery_and_religion" title="Category:Slavery and religion">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tamils_and_religion" title="Category:Tamils and religion">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tobacco_and_religion" title="Category:Tobacco and religion">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_topics_and_religion" title="Category:Transgender topics and religion">Transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Category:Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Water_and_religion" title="Category:Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wealth_and_religion" title="Category:Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_and_religion" title="Category:Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Category:Religion and ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_the_arts" title="Category:Religion and the arts">the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_abortion" title="Category:Religion and abortion">abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_atheism" title="Category:Religion and atheism">atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_capital_punishment" title="Category:Religion and capital punishment">capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_children" title="Category:Religion and children">children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_death" title="Category:Religion and death">death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_drugs" title="Category:Religion and drugs">drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_alcohol" title="Category:Religion and alcohol">alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_education" title="Category:Religion and education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_euthanasia" title="Category:Religion and euthanasia">euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Category:Religion and the French Revolution">the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_geography" title="Category:Religion and geography">geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_government" title="Category:Religion and government">government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_health" title="Category:Religion and health">health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_mental_health" title="Category:Religion and mental health">mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Category:Religion and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_law" title="Category:Religion and law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_medicine" title="Category:Religion and medicine">medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_music" title="Category:Religion and music">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_peace" title="Category:Religion and peace">peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_race" title="Category:Religion and race">race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_science" title="Category:Religion and science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society_by_country" title="Category:Religion and society by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society_in_France" title="Category:Religion and society in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Religion and society in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_spirituality_podcasts" title="Category:Religion and spirituality podcasts">spirituality podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_sports" title="Category:Religion and sports">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_suicide" title="Category:Religion and suicide">suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_technology" title="Category:Religion and technology">technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">LGBT people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Sacred prostitution in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&oldid=1260431489">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_LGBTQ_people&oldid=1260431489</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: 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[\"CITEREFSomdet_Phra_Buddhaghosacariya1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThubten_Chodron\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSA\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrban2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrban2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanitaKidwai2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVidal-Ortiz2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVillarreal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVines2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitehead2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWikan1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaharinPallotta-Chiarolli2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Vries2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFlisantiadmin\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Christianity and sexual orientation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 45,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 101,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Lgbt And Religion\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 6,\n [\"LGBTQ\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 5,\n [\"Main\"] = 19,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Religion and LGBT issues\"] = 1,\n [\"Religion and topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Religion topics\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sex\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","17.6"],["?","200","13.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","9.5"],["recursiveClone 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