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<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cet article concerne la République fédérale d'Allemagne entre 1949 et 1990. Pour la République fédérale d'Allemagne depuis 1990, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="RFA">RFA</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BRD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="BRD">BRD</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>L'<b>Allemagne de l'Ouest</b> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Westdeutschland</i></span>) est le nom d'usage donné à la <b>République fédérale d'Allemagne</b>, souvent abrégée en <b>RFA</b> (en allemand : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i></span> ou <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>BRD</i></span>, parfois traduit à tort par « République fédérale allemande<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> »), lorsque l’État couvrait la partie occidentale de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, entre 1949 et 1990. La capitale politique de la République fédérale avait été installée à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bonn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bonn">Bonn</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, sur les bords du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhin">Rhin</a>, tandis que le secteur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> de l'ancienne capitale du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Reich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troisième Reich">Reich</a> bénéficiait d’un statut politique spécial mais pouvait <i>de facto</i> être considéré comme faisant partie de l’Allemagne de l’Ouest, notamment à propos de la circulation des personnes<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_sourcer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-09" data-sort-value="2016-09">septembre 2016</time>).</small></p> </div> </div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #EBEBEB; color: #000;"> <div> République fédérale d'Allemagne (RFA)<br><small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand standard">de</a>) <i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD)</i></small> </div> </div> <p class="center"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-05-23" data-sort-value="1949-05-23">23 mai 1949</time> – <time class="nowrap" datetime="1990-10-03" data-sort-value="1990-10-03">3 octobre 1990</time><br><small>(<span data-sort-value="&0000000000015108" class="datasortkey">41 ans, 4 mois et 10 jours</span>)</small></p> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau"><img alt="Drapeau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/110px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/165px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/220px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span><br><small><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_de_l%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne">Drapeau de la République fédérale d'Allemagne</a>. </small></td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Blason"><img alt="Blason" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/88px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/132px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/176px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510"></a></span><br><small><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armoiries_de_l%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armoiries de l'Allemagne">Armoiries de la République fédérale d'Allemagne</a>. </small></td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_devises_nationales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des devises nationales">Devise</a></th> <td>en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand standard">allemand</a> : <i>Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit</i> (« Unité et droit et liberté »)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:5em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hymne_national?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hymne national">Hymne</a></th> <td><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ich_hab_mich_ergeben?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ich hab mich ergeben">Ich hab mich ergeben</a></i> <small>(1949–1952)</small><br><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutschlandlied?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutschlandlied">Das Lied der Deutschen</a></i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fichier:West_Germany_1956-1990.svg&lang=fr&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/West_Germany_1956-1990.svg/langfr-220px-West_Germany_1956-1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/West_Germany_1956-1990.svg/langfr-330px-West_Germany_1956-1990.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/West_Germany_1956-1990.svg/langfr-440px-West_Germany_1956-1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> Carte de localisation de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest. </div> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> Informations générales </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Statut</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République">République</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État fédéré">fédérale</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Texte fondamental</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne">Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitale">Capitale</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bonn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langue">Langue(s)</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">Allemand</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion">Religion</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantisme">Protestantisme</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholicisme">catholicisme</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monnaie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monnaie">Monnaie</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Mark">Mark allemand</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuseau_horaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuseau horaire">Fuseau horaire</a></th> <td>UTC+1 (été UTC+2)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nom_de_domaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nom de domaine">Domaine internet</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.de?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".de">.de</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_indicatifs_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phoniques_internationaux_par_pays?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays">Indicatif téléphonique</a></th> <td>+49</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> Démographie </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Population (1990)</th> <td>63 254 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab</abbr>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> Superficie </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Superficie (1990)</th> <td>248 717 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> Histoire et événements </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">23 mai 1949</th> <td>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne">Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne</a> est promulguée.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">9 mai 1955</th> <td>Entrée dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_du_trait%C3%A9_de_l%27Atlantique_nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord">Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord</a> à la suite des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accords_de_Paris_(1954)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Accords de Paris (1954)">Accords de Paris</a> : remilitarisation du pays.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">18 avril 1951</th> <td>Création de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_europ%C3%A9enne_du_charbon_et_de_l%27acier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communauté européenne du charbon et de l'acier">Communauté européenne du charbon et de l'acier</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-01-01" data-sort-value="1957-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1957</time></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_sur_la_Sarre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité sur la Sarre">Rattachement</a> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (protectorat)">Sarre</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">25 mars 1957</th> <td>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_instituant_la_Communaut%C3%A9_%C3%A9conomique_europ%C3%A9enne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité instituant la Communauté économique européenne">Traité de Rome</a> instaure la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_%C3%A9conomique_europ%C3%A9enne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communauté économique européenne">Communauté économique européenne</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">13 août 1961</th> <td>Construction du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur de Berlin">mur de Berlin</a> par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">18 septembre 1973</th> <td>Entrée dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_Unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation des Nations Unies">Organisation des Nations Unies</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">12 septembre 1990</th> <td>Signature du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Moscou_(1990)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Moscou (1990)">Traité de Moscou</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">3 octobre 1990</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">Réunification allemande</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Président fédéral (Allemagne)">Président fédéral</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1949">1949</a>–<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959">1959</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodor_Heuss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodor Heuss">Theodor Heuss</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">(D<sup>er</sup>) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984">1984</a>–<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chancelier_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chancelier fédéral d'Allemagne">Chancelier fédéral</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1949">1949</a>–<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1963?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1963">1963</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">(D<sup>er</sup>) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982">1982</a>–<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1998?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1998">1998</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmut_Kohl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#000;"> Parlement fédéral </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chambre_haute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chambre haute">Chambre haute</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundesrat_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bundesrat (Allemagne)">Bundesrat</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chambre_basse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chambre basse">Chambre basse</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundestag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div> <div style="float:left;width:45%;"> <p>Entités précédentes :</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Merchant_flag_of_Germany_(1946%E2%80%931949).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%281946%E2%80%931949%29.svg/20px-Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%281946%E2%80%931949%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%25281946%25E2%2580%25931949%2529.svg/30px-Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%25281946%25E2%2580%25931949%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%25281946%25E2%2580%25931949%2529.svg/40px-Merchant_flag_of_Germany_%25281946%25E2%2580%25931949%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occupation_de_l%27Allemagne_apr%C3%A8s_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occupation de l'Allemagne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale">Allemagne occupée</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trizone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trizone">Trizone</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Saar_(1947%E2%80%931956).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France"><img alt="Drapeau de la France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%25281947%25E2%2580%25931956%2529.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saar_%25281947%25E2%2580%25931956%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%25281947%25E2%2580%25931956%2529.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saar_%25281947%25E2%2580%25931956%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"></a></span> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (protectorat)">Protectorat de la Sarre</a> (1957)</li> </ul> </div> <div style="float:right;width:45%;"> <p>Entités suivantes :</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a></span> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">République fédérale d'Allemagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#EBEBEB;"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DAllemagne_de_l%2527Ouest%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DAllemagne_de_l%2527Ouest%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Allemagne_de_l%2527Ouest" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Allemagne de l'Ouest">voir Wikidata</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Infobox_Wikidata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Infobox Wikidata">(aide)</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ancienne_entit%C3%A9_territoriale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <p>La dénomination « Allemagne de l’Ouest » permettait de la distinguer de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a>, abrégée en « RDA » (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a> : <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>Deutsche Demokratische Republik</i></span> ou <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>DDR</i></span>), appelée de façon informelle « Allemagne de l'Est ».</p> <p>L'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> issue de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">réunification</a> de 1990 est <span class="lang-de" lang="de"><i>de jure</i></span> le résultat de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annexion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Annexion">absorption des territoires</a> de l'Allemagne de l'Est par l'Allemagne de l'Ouest<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle repose donc sur la même <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne">Constitution</a> que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="République fédérale d'Allemagne">RFA</a> d'avant 1990, porte le même nom et adopte les mêmes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Embl%C3%A8me?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emblème">emblèmes</a> dans la continuité. Seuls la superficie totale, le nombre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land (Allemagne)">Länder</a> de la République fédérale et le nom d'usage (désormais simplement « Allemagne ») ont changé.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historique"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Historique</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cr%C3%A9ation"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Création</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Blocus_de_Berlin"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Blocus de Berlin</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Loi_fondamentale"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Loi fondamentale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Redressement_%C3%A9conomique_et_politique_de_rapprochement_avec_la_France"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Redressement économique et politique de rapprochement avec la France</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Guerre_froide_et_relations_est-ouest_allemandes"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Guerre froide et relations est-ouest allemandes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9unification"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Réunification</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organisation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Organisation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vie_politique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Vie politique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Société</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Code"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Code</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liste_des_chanceliers"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Liste des chanceliers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de l'Allemagne">Histoire de l'Allemagne</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Allemagne_depuis_1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de l'Allemagne depuis 1945">Histoire de l'Allemagne depuis 1945</a>. </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Création"><span id="Cr.C3.A9ation"></span>Création</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Création" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png/180px-Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="409"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 163px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png/180px-Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png" data-width="180" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png/270px-Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png/360px-Occupied_Germany_and_Berlin.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1945-1948 : l'Allemagne occupée, répartie entre les vainqueurs de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg/180px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="830"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 230px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg/180px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg.png" data-width="180" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg/270px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg/360px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1949.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Depuis le 16 avril 1948 : La RFA en <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216721247">.mw-parser-output .texte-bleu{color:var(--color-progressive,#002bb8)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .mw-parser-output .texte-bleu{color:#002bb8}</style><span class="texte-bleu"><b>bleu</b></span>, la Sarre en <span style="color:purple"><b>violet</b></span> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (protectorat)">sous protectorat français</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> en <span style="color:#ffa500"><b>jaune orangé</b></span> et la RDA en <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216721251">.mw-parser-output .texte-rouge{color:var(--color-destructive,#ff0000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .mw-parser-output .texte-rouge{color:#ff0000}</style><span class="texte-rouge"><b>rouge</b></span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Cette division résulte de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Occupation_de_l%27Allemagne_apr%C3%A8s_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Occupation de l'Allemagne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale">occupation de l'Allemagne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale</a> par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alli%C3%A9s_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alliés de la Seconde Guerre mondiale">Alliés</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Soviétiques</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre froide">Guerre froide</a> qui a suivi. Alors que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Soviétiques</a> occupent l'est de l'Allemagne, les Alliés, c'est-à-dire les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Britanniques</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">Américains</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">Français</a>, se partagent l'ouest de l'Allemagne<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1947-01" data-sort-value="1947-01">janvier 1947</time>, à la suite du blocage par les Soviétiques des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agriculture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agriculture">produits agricoles</a> de leur zone vers les zones de l'Ouest, les Anglais et les Américains fusionnent leurs zones respectives pour constituer la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bizone">Bizone</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, où ils instaurent une nouvelle monnaie, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a> en juin 1948<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les Soviétiques réagissent aussi en mettant en place l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_est-allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark est-allemand">Ostmark</a> (qui devient la monnaie de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">Allemagne de l'Est</a>). En août 1948, la France donne son accord pour fusionner son territoire à la Bizone : c'est la création de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trizone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trizone">Trizone</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La RFA est créée par l'adoption de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne">Loi fondamentale</a> le 23 mai 1949.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Blocus_de_Berlin">Blocus de Berlin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Blocus de Berlin" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Staline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Staline">Staline</a>, inquiet de la possible reconstitution d'une Allemagne hostile (et désirant y étendre son influence), organise en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1948-06" data-sort-value="1948-06">juin 1948</time> le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blocus_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blocus de Berlin">blocus de Berlin</a>. Les Occidentaux répondent par un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pont_a%C3%A9rien_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pont aérien de Berlin">pont aérien</a> de très grande ampleur et ininterrompu en direction de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, notamment par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_de_Berlin-Tempelhof?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport de Berlin-Tempelhof">aéroport de Tempelhof</a>. Les Soviétiques doivent finalement mettre fin au blocus de Berlin en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-05" data-sort-value="1949-05">mai 1949</time>, après 11 mois.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Loi_fondamentale">Loi fondamentale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Loi fondamentale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loi_fondamentale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne">Loi fondamentale de la République fédérale d'Allemagne</a>. </div> </div> <p>Après la fin du blocus de Berlin, les Occidentaux créent la République fédérale d'Allemagne (RFA) à partir de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trizone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trizone">Trizone</a> (zones d'occupation <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_d%27occupation_am%C3%A9ricaine_en_Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone d'occupation américaine en Allemagne">américaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_d%27occupation_britannique_en_Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone d'occupation britannique en Allemagne">britannique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_d%27occupation_fran%C3%A7aise_en_Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone d'occupation française en Allemagne">française</a>), sur la base de la Loi fondamentale du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-05-23" data-sort-value="1949-05-23">23 mai 1949</time> adoptée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-05-08" data-sort-value="1949-05-08">8 mai 1949</time> précédent par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_parlementaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil parlementaire">Conseil parlementaire</a> réuni à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bonn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bonn">Bonn</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Il s'agit d'une nouvelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitution">Constitution</a> pour l'Allemagne de l'Ouest, initialement destinée à jeter les bases du droit en RFA, et à disparaitre ou à servir de base lorsque <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">les deux Allemagne seront réunies</a>. Finalement, la Loi fondamentale est conservée (mais modifiée) après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a>, et devient la Constitution de toute l'Allemagne.</p> <p>À la suite de l'adoption de la Loi fondamentale, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_parlementaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil parlementaire">Conseil parlementaire</a> est invité à désigner le <span class="citation">« siège provisoire des organes fédéraux »</span> pour ne pas parler de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitale_de_l%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitale de l'Allemagne">capitale</a>, ce terme étant réservé à Berlin. Alors qu'une majorité de représentants semble favorable à la nomination de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francfort-sur-le-Main?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francfort-sur-le-Main">Francfort-sur-le-Main</a> à ce poste, c'est finalement Bonn qui est retenue lors du vote du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-05-10" data-sort-value="1949-05-10">10 mai</time> 1949<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette décision est confirmée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-11-03" data-sort-value="1949-11-03">3 novembre</time> par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundestag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>, qui réaffirme l'objectif de rapatrier à Berlin les institutions fédérales dès que des élections libres auront eu lieu en <span class="citation">« zone d'occupation soviétique »</span>.</p> <p>L'article 23 de Loi fondamentale fait du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Grand-Berlin</a> un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land (Allemagne)">Land fédéral</a>. Néanmoins, la Constitution n'y fut appliquée unilatéralement que partiellement à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a>, où les premières élections législatives eurent lieu le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-12-03" data-sort-value="1950-12-03">3 décembre 1950</time>. Ce même article donnait également la possibilité aux Länder allemands n'ayant pas pu participer à l'élaboration de ladite Loi fondamentale, de pouvoir y adhérer ultérieurement à titre individuel. Cette disposition visait particulièrement les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_d%27occupation_sovi%C3%A9tique_en_Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone d'occupation soviétique en Allemagne">zones sous occupation soviétique</a> qui furent privées d'élections libres, et constituèrent de leur côté la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a> (RDA), le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-10-07" data-sort-value="1949-10-07">7 octobre 1949</time>.</p> <p>La reconstruction et le développement de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest furent supervisés par les alliés occidentaux au sein d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute_commission_alli%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute commission alliée">Haute commission alliée</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Redressement_économique_et_politique_de_rapprochement_avec_la_France"><span id="Redressement_.C3.A9conomique_et_politique_de_rapprochement_avec_la_France"></span>Redressement économique et politique de rapprochement avec la France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Redressement économique et politique de rapprochement avec la France" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027,_Bonn,_Bundestag,_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge,_Adenauer.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 236px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002449-0027%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Adenauer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundestag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> en 1955. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-03-06" data-sort-value="1951-03-06">6 mars 1951</time>, la révision du statut d'occupation permet à l'Allemagne d'établir de nouveau des relations diplomatiques et de créer ainsi un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_des_Affaires_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office des Affaires étrangères (Allemagne)">Office des Affaires étrangères</a> (équivalent à un ministère).</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-09-15" data-sort-value="1949-09-15">15 septembre 1949</time>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>, ancien maire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> et résistant au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazisme">nazisme</a>, est élu premier chancelier fédéral de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest. Tout en redressant économiquement le pays (grâce notamment au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan_Marshall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plan Marshall">plan <i>Marshall</i></a>), il poursuit une politique portant essentiellement sur le regain de la souveraineté allemande. S'éloignant des Soviétiques, il recherche par ailleurs la protection militaire des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et intègre la République fédérale d'Allemagne dans le bloc de l'Ouest. Parallèlement, il désire aussi se rapprocher de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> dont le chef du gouvernement, à partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1958?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1958">1958</a>, est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>. Une amitié unit les deux hommes, ce qui facilite le rapprochement franco-allemand. De Gaulle comme Adenauer avaient comme objectif de mettre fin à l'hostilité qui divisait les deux pays depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1870">1870</a> et de permettre, à travers une entente franco-allemande, l'édification d'une Europe unie. Malgré certaines divergences politiques (de Gaulle, au contraire d'Adenauer, voulait se séparer des États-Unis afin de mettre en œuvre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_voie_(politique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troisième voie (politique)">troisième voie</a>), les deux hommes d'État signent le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_l%27%C3%89lys%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de l'Élysée">traité de l'Élysée</a>, au palais de l'Élysée, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-01-22" data-sort-value="1963-01-22">22 janvier 1963</time>, qui scelle la réconciliation entre les deux pays.</p> <p>Sur le plan militaire, Adenauer réorganise l'armée ouest-allemande fondée en 1955, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundeswehr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a>, qui devient, en termes numériques, la plus importante composante des forces armées de l'OTAN en Europe. La RFA retrouve de plus sa souveraineté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1952-05-26" data-sort-value="1952-05-26">26 mai 1952</time>, dans le cadre de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traité général">convention avec les Trois puissances</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (dite aussi <i>convention de Bonn</i>) qui signe la fin de son occupation par les Alliés. Malgré ces succès diplomatiques, militaires et économiques, Adenauer est obligé de démissionner en octobre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1963?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1963">1963</a> sous les pressions de son propre camp.</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-01-01" data-sort-value="1957-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1957</time>, la RFA connaîtra son premier agrandissement territorial par l'intégration de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(Land)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (Land)">Sarre</a> qui, jusqu'alors, constituait un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (protectorat)">État indépendant et souverain, sous protectorat français</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Guerre_froide_et_relations_est-ouest_allemandes">Guerre froide et relations est-ouest allemandes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Guerre froide et relations est-ouest allemandes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">République démocratique allemande</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre froide">Guerre froide</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035,_Bonn,_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="563"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F030089-0035%2C_Bonn%2C_Koalitionsverhandlungen_SPD-FDP.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willy_Brandt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (assis à droite, au centre) en conférence de presse le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1969-10-02" data-sort-value="1969-10-02">2 octobre 1969</time> à l'occasion de la coalition <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SPD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">SPD</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_lib%C3%A9ral-d%C3%A9mocrate_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti libéral-démocrate (Allemagne)">FDP</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Devenu un membre important de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_du_trait%C3%A9_de_l%27Atlantique_nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord">OTAN</a> après son adhésion en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1955?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1955">1955</a>, cet État et la RDA (membre, de son côté, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacte_de_Varsovie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacte de Varsovie">pacte de Varsovie</a>) furent l'un des points de cristallisation de la confrontation <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloc_de_l%27Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloc de l'Est">Est</a>/<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloc_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloc de l'Ouest">Ouest</a>, appelée « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_froide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre froide">guerre froide</a> ». L'Allemagne de l'Ouest, membre du bloc de l'Ouest et alliée aux États-Unis, s'opposait à l'Allemagne de l'Est, soumise, elle, à l'influence de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_sovi%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire soviétique">empire soviétique</a> et membre du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloc_de_l%27Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloc de l'Est">bloc de l'Est</a>. Cette confrontation et ces désaccords idéologiques s'inscrivaient plus généralement dans la lutte d'influence qui divisait depuis 1945 les États-Unis et l'Union soviétique.</p> <p>Toutefois, sous le gouvernement du chancelier ouest-allemand <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willy_Brandt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, la RFA organise une politique de rapprochement avec la RDA au début des années 1970. C'est l'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostpolitik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></i> mise en place par Willy Brandt, qui aboutit à plusieurs accords amicaux entre les deux Allemagne et entre la RFA et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">Pologne</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1970-12-07" data-sort-value="1970-12-07">7 décembre 1970</time> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Varsovie_(1970)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Varsovie (1970)">traité de Varsovie</a>). L'Allemagne de l'Ouest et la RDA se reconnaissent mutuellement en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1972?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1972">1972</a> en signant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_fondamental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité fondamental">traité fondamental</a> en décembre de la même année (<i>Grundlagenvertrag</i>, entré en vigueur en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-06" data-sort-value="1973-06">juin 1973</time>), tout en devenant membres de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> peu après.</p> <p>Grâce notamment au soutien du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan_Marshall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plan Marshall">plan <i>Marshall</i></a>, destiné à aider à la reconstruction de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a> après la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, la croissance économique de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest, appelée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wirtschaftswunder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wirtschaftswunder">Wirtschaftswunder</a> (le « miracle économique »), fit qu'elle devînt rapidement la troisième puissance économique mondiale, après les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a>. De plus, la RFA, bien qu'au niveau de l'accroissement démographique assez faible, fut l'objet et le bénéficiaire d'une forte immigration en provenance de la RDA, les Allemands de l'Est fuyant la dureté du régime socialiste de la RDA et partant s'établir à l'ouest (plus de trois millions d'immigrants entre 1953 et 1961). La construction du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur de Berlin">mur de Berlin</a>, en août <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1961">1961</a>, et donc l'interdiction des Allemands de l'Est d'émigrer à l'ouest, entrava ce mouvement migratoire, mais la RFA favorisa ensuite l'installation d'immigrants turcs, puis, après la chute du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloc_de_l%27Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloc de l'Est">bloc de l'Est</a>, russes, polonais, ukrainiens et tchèques, attirés par la prospérité économique de l'État.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Réunification"><span id="R.C3.A9unification"></span>Réunification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Réunification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">Réunification allemande</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Die_Wende?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Die Wende">Die Wende</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002,_Leipzig,_Montagsdemonstration.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="498"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Leipzig, 16 octobre 1989, lors d'une manifestation du lundi. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Début <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1989?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1989">1989</a>, la perspective d'une réunification de l'Allemagne paraît encore lointaine, le secrétaire général du comité central du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_socialiste_unifi%C3%A9_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti socialiste unifié d'Allemagne">SED</a> (parti socialiste unifié d'Allemagne, alors au pouvoir en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">RDA</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erich_Honecker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>, promettant que le mur de Berlin allait encore vivre « mille ans » de plus. Mais, contre toute attente, les mouvements de protestation se multiplient à travers toute la RDA, les manifestants réclamant pacifiquement mais avec insistance la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ralisme_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libéralisme politique">libéralisation du régime</a> et la mise en place d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élection">élections libres</a>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manifestations_du_lundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manifestations du lundi">manifestations du lundi</a> <i>(Montagsdemonstrationen)</i>, débutées en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1989-09" data-sort-value="1989-09">septembre 1989</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leipzig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, prennent de l'ampleur, et devant cet état de fait et les pressions exercées par le vent de contestations qui souffle <span class="nowrap">fin 1989</span> sur toute la RDA, Honecker doit démissionner dans l'année même. Mais les manifestants est-allemands se mettent à réclamer un rattachement à l'Allemagne de l'Ouest. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1989-11-09" data-sort-value="1989-11-09">9 novembre 1989</time>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chute_du_mur_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chute du mur de Berlin">mur de Berlin tombe</a>, laissant les frontières entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Est">Berlin-Est</a> ouvertes. De très nombreux citoyens est-allemands se rendent alors en RFA. En 1990, le régime se libéralise enfin, et des élections libres confirment la victoire des partis ligués contre le SED.</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1990-10-03" data-sort-value="1990-10-03">3 octobre 1990</time>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">réunification allemande</a> est effectuée et incorpore la « République démocratique allemande » à la « République fédérale d'Allemagne » en utilisant les dispositions de <span class="nowrap">l'article 23</span> de la Loi fondamentale citées plus haut. Le pays résultant de cette réunification est alors simplement appelé dans le langage courant « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> » (le nom officiel de l'État restant « République fédérale d'Allemagne »).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Organisation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Germany_divided_BRD.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Germany_divided_BRD.png/200px-Germany_divided_BRD.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="477"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 273px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Germany_divided_BRD.png/200px-Germany_divided_BRD.png" data-width="200" data-height="273" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Germany_divided_BRD.png/300px-Germany_divided_BRD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Germany_divided_BRD.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> En vert : la République fédérale d'Allemagne et ses Länder, ainsi que Berlin-Ouest, à la veille de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">réunification</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>À la veille de la réunification en 1990, l'Allemagne de l'Ouest, qui était un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État fédéral">État fédéral</a>, se composait de dix <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land (Allemagne)">Länder</a> :</p> <div style="column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bade-Wurtemberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bade-Wurtemberg">Bade-Wurtemberg</a> (né en 1952 de la fusion de trois Länder : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bade_(Land)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bade (Land)">Bade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wurtemberg-Bade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wurtemberg-Bade">Wurtemberg-Bade</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern">Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern</a>) ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bavière">Bavière</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%AAme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brême">Brême</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hambourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hambourg">Hambourg</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesse_(Land)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesse (Land)">Hesse</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Saxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Saxe">Basse-Saxe</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-du-Nord-Westphalie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nanie-Palatinat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhénanie-Palatinat">Rhénanie-Palatinat</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(Land)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (Land)">Sarre</a> (constituait jusqu'en 1957 un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarre_(protectorat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarre (protectorat)">état indépendant et souverain, sous protectorat français</a>) ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Statut" title="Berlin-Ouest">statut</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> faisait quant à lui l'objet d'un traitement particulier.</p> <p>L'Allemagne de l'Ouest était dirigée par un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Président fédéral (Allemagne)">président fédéral</a> (<i>Bundespräsident</i>), qui était le chef d’État. Le chef du gouvernement portait le titre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chancelier_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chancelier fédéral d'Allemagne">chancelier fédéral</a> (<i>Bundeskanzler</i>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vie_politique">Vie politique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Vie politique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>À partir des années 1960, la RFA connaît un système politique dominé par trois grandes tendances politiques : l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_chr%C3%A9tienne-d%C3%A9mocrate_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union chrétienne-démocrate d'Allemagne">Union chrétienne-démocrate (CDU)</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_chr%C3%A9tienne-sociale_en_Bavi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union chrétienne-sociale en Bavière">Union chrétienne-sociale (CSU)</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_d%27Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti social-démocrate d'Allemagne">Parti social-démocrate (SPD)</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_lib%C3%A9ral-d%C3%A9mocrate_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti libéral-démocrate (Allemagne)">Parti libéral-démocrate (FDP)</a>.</p> <p>Pendant une vingtaine années, la RFA a suivi la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctrine_Hallstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctrine Hallstein">doctrine Hallstein</a></i> : elle revendiquait le droit d'être la seule à représenter l'Allemagne et rompait toute relation diplomatique avec les pays qui reconnaissaient la RDA. Cette doctrine fut finalement abandonnée en octobre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1969?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1969">1969</a>, au profit de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostpolitik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></i> du chancelier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willy_Brandt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, qui préconisait une politique de rapprochement et de détente avec l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union soviétique</a> et ses alliés du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacte_de_Varsovie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacte de Varsovie">pacte de Varsovie</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Société"><span id="Soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9"></span>Société</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Société" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Allemagne de l'Ouest">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droits_LGBT_en_Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droits LGBT en Allemagne">Droits LGBT en Allemagne</a>. </div> </div> <p>Jusqu'aux années 1970, les homosexuels font l'objet de persécutions par les autorités ouest-allemandes. Ils seront 50 000 à être condamnés pour homosexualité sur la base d'une loi instaurée sous le régime nazi mais conservée par la RFA<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Allemagne de l'Ouest">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_allemand_de_l%27apr%C3%A8s-guerre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinéma allemand de l'après-guerre">Cinéma allemand de l'après-guerre</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Code">Code</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Code" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>L'Allemagne de l'Ouest a pour code :</p> <ul> <li>D, selon la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pr%C3%A9fixes_OACI_d%27immatriculation_des_a%C3%A9ronefs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des préfixes OACI d'immatriculation des aéronefs">liste des préfixes OACI d'immatriculation des aéronefs</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liste_des_chanceliers">Liste des chanceliers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liste des chanceliers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chefs_du_gouvernement_allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chefs du gouvernement allemand">Liste des chefs du gouvernement allemand</a>. </div> </div> <div style="column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1949-1963)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig Erhard">Ludwig Erhard</a> (1963-1966)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a> (1966-1969)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willy_Brandt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1969-1974)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> (1974-1982)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmut_Kohl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> (1982-1998)</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">C'est d’ailleurs à partir de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_de_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_chute_du_Mur" title="Mur de Berlin">chute du mur de Berlin</a>, disposé entre les deux secteurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Est">Berlin-Est</a>, qu'a débuté fin 1989 le processus de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunification allemande">réunification de l'Allemagne</a>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Absorption de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République démocratique allemande">RDA</a></i> par l’<i>Allemagne de l'Ouest (RFA)</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1951">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001623/162356fb.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Demande d'admission à l'Unesco</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">unesdoc.unesco.org</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-05-11" data-sort-value="1951-05-11">11 mai 1951</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-10-03" data-sort-value="2018-10-03">3 octobre 2018</time>)</small></span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 1 : ce texte officiel en français comporte en première page les deux traductions, <span class="citation">« République fédérale d'Allemagne »</span> et <span class="citation">« République fédérale allemande »</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/05/23/01003-20090523ARTFIG00204-bonn-capitale-oubliee-de-la-modeste-rfa-.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Bonn, capitale oubliée de la «modeste RFA»</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">LEFIGARO</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-05-23" data-sort-value="2009-05-23">23 mai 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-31" data-sort-value="2023-01-31">31 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Universalis"><span class="ouvrage" id="Encyclopædia_Universalis">Encyclopædia <span class="nom_auteur">Universalis</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/reunification-allemande-reperes-chronologiques/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">RÉUNIFICATION ALLEMANDE - repères chronologiques</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Encyclopædia Universalis</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-31" data-sort-value="2023-01-31">31 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Universalis"><span class="ouvrage" id="Encyclopædia_Universalis">Encyclopædia <span class="nom_auteur">Universalis</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/allemagne-histoire-allemagne-moderne-et-contemporaine/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Allemagne moderne et contemporaine - ALLEMAGNE</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Encyclopædia Universalis</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-31" data-sort-value="2023-01-31">31 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Serge Bernstein, Pierre Milza (dir.) 1998, p. 49</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2018">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lesechos.fr/2018/04/le-jour-ou-le-deutsche-mark-est-ne-1020181"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le jour où le deutsche mark est né</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Les Echos</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-20" data-sort-value="2018-04-20">20 avril 2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-31" data-sort-value="2023-01-31">31 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.geschichte-abitur.de/lexikon/uebersicht-nachkriegszeit/trizone"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="de-de">Trizone</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Geschichte kompakt</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-31" data-sort-value="2023-01-31">31 janvier 2023</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bundestag1949"><span class="ouvrage" id="Deutscher_Bundestag1949">Deutscher Bundestag, <cite class="italique">Loi fondamentale pour la République fédérale d'Allemagne</cite>, Bonn, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-05-23" data-sort-value="1949-05-23">23 mai 1949</time>, 148 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80202000.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loi+fondamentale+pour+la+R%C3%A9publique+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale+d%27Allemagne&rft.place=Bonn&rft.aulast=Bundestag&rft.aufirst=Deutscher&rft.date=1949-05-23&rft.tpages=148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAllemagne+de+l%27Ouest"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/23-mai-1949-la-naissance-de-l-allemagne-de-l-ouest"><cite style="font-style:normal;">23 mai 1949, la naissance de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest | INA</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">ina.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-02-01" data-sort-value="2023-02-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> février 2023</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2013">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cvce.eu/obj/convention_sur_les_relations_entre_les_trois_puissances_et_la_rfa_bonn_26_mai_1952-fr-b1885d93-c91a-4fa7-80bd-e1d3b3171b87.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Convention sur les relations entre les Trois Puissances et la RFA (Bonn, 26 mai 1952)</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.cvce.eu</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-14" data-sort-value="2013-05-14">14 mai 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-10" data-sort-value="2013-09-10">10 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne_de_l'Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2017">« <cite style="font-style:normal">L'Allemagne réhabilite les homosexuels condamnés après guerre</cite> », <i>AFP</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-22" data-sort-value="2017-06-22">22 juin 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1058771/lallemagne-rehabilite-les-homosexuels-condamnes-apres-guerre.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27Allemagne+r%C3%A9habilite+les+homosexuels+condamn%C3%A9s+apr%C3%A8s+guerre&rft.jtitle=AFP&rft.date=2017-06-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAllemagne+de+l%27Ouest"></span></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte_Vincent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie-Bénédicte Vincent">Marie-Bénédicte Vincent</a>, <i>Une nouvelle histoire de l'Allemagne. <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</i>, Perrin, 2020.</li> </ul> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Allemagne_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Allemagne de l'Ouest">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Germany?uselang%3Dfr">République fédérale d'Allemagne</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9publique_f%25C3%25A9d%25C3%25A9rale_d%2527Allemagne" class="extiw" title="wikt:République fédérale d'Allemagne">République fédérale d'Allemagne</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Allemagne_de_l'Ouest&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div style="column-width:30em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Allemagne_depuis_1945?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de l'Allemagne depuis 1945">Histoire de l'Allemagne depuis 1945</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin-Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> et <a 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minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Duitsland" title="Wes-Duitsland – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya_Occidental" title="Alemanya Occidental – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alemanya Occidental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="ألمانيا الغربية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألمانيا الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="ألمانيا لغربية – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألمانيا لغربية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%2587" title="المانيا الغربيه – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المانيا الغربيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Federal_d%2527Alema%25C3%25B1a_(1949-1990)" title="República Federal d'Alemaña (1949-1990) – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Federal d'Alemaña (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya_Federativ_Respublikas%25C4%25B1_(1949%25E2%2580%25931990)" title="Almaniya Federativ Respublikası (1949–1990) – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya Federativ Respublikası (1949–1990)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="باتی آلمان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باتی آلمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Kauh" title="Jerman Kauh – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jerman Kauh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A0%25D1%258D%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%2596_(1949%25E2%2580%25941990)" title="Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Германіі (1949—1990) – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Германіі (1949—1990)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D1%258F_%25D0%259D%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D1%2587%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Заходняя Нямеччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходняя Нямеччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Западна Германия – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Германия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="পশ্চিম জার্মানি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিম জার্মানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Kevreadel_Alamagn_(1949-1990)" title="Republik Kevreadel Alamagn (1949-1990) – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Kevreadel Alamagn (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Njema%25C4%258Dka" title="Zapadna Njemačka – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadna Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya_Occidental" title="Alemanya Occidental – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemanya Occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25DA%25B5%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25DA%2595%25DB%2586%25DA%2598%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7" title="ئەڵمانیای ڕۆژاوا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵمانیای ڕۆژاوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%25C3%25A1padn%25C3%25AD_N%25C4%259Bmecko" title="Západní Německo – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní Německo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorllewin_yr_Almaen" title="Gorllewin yr Almaen – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gorllewin yr Almaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesttyskland" title="Vesttyskland – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vesttyskland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland_(bis_1990)" title="Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (bis 1990) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (bis 1990)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2594%25CF%2585%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2593%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Δυτική Γερμανία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτική Γερμανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="West Germany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_Germanio" title="Okcidenta Germanio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Germanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania_Occidental" title="Alemania Occidental – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alemania Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4ne-Saksamaa" title="Lääne-Saksamaa – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Saksamaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Alemania" title="Mendebaldeko Alemania – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Alemania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C" title="آلمان غربی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمان غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A4nsi-Saksa" title="Länsi-Saksa – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Saksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesturt%25C3%25BDskland" title="Vesturtýskland – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vesturtýskland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-D%25C3%25BAtsl%25C3%25A2n" title="West-Dútslân – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="West-Dútslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%25C3%25A1in_Thiar" title="An Ghearmáin Thiar – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáin Thiar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%25BE%25B7" title="西德 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="西德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%2527_Ghearmailt_an_Iar" title="A' Ghearmailt an Iar – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Ghearmailt an Iar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Federal_Alem%25C3%25A1_(1949%25E2%2580%25931990)" title="República Federal Alemá (1949–1990) – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Federal Alemá (1949–1990)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghermaan_Heear" title="Yn Ghermaan Heear – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghermaan Heear" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yammacin_Jamus" title="Yammacin Jamus – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yammacin Jamus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%25A8%25D7%259E%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="גרמניה המערבית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמניה המערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580" title="पश्चिम जर्मनी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिम जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Njema%25C4%258Dka" title="Zapadna Njemačka – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugat-N%25C3%25A9metorsz%25C3%25A1g" title="Nyugat-Németország – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugat-Németország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D6%2586%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A4%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BE_%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Գերմանիայի ֆեդերատիվ հանրապետություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանիայի ֆեդերատիվ հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania_Occidental" title="Germania Occidental – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Germania Occidental" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Barat" title="Jerman Barat – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerman Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Germania" title="West-Germania – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="West-Germania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestur-%25C3%259E%25C3%25BDskaland" title="Vestur-Þýskaland – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestur-Þýskaland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania_Ovest" title="Germania Ovest – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germania Ovest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%2584" title="西ドイツ – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西ドイツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Kulon" title="Jerman Kulon – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jerman Kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590_(1990_%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2594)" title="გერმანიის ფედერაციული რესპუბლიკა (1990 წლამდე) – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანიის ფედერაციული რესპუბლიკა (1990 წლამდე)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2584%259C%25EB%258F%2585" title="서독 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanyaya_Rojava" title="Almanyaya Rojava – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Almanyaya Rojava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_foederata_Germaniae_(1949-1990)" title="Res publica foederata Germaniae (1949-1990) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica foederata Germaniae (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boondsrippubliek_Duitsland_(1949-1990)" title="Boondsrippubliek Duitsland (1949-1990) – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Boondsrippubliek Duitsland (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Feder%25C3%25A2_de_Germania" title="Repubbrica Federâ de Germania – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Federâ de Germania" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania_dl_Vest" title="Germania dl Vest – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Germania dl Vest" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania_Ovest" title="Germania Ovest – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Germania Ovest" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%25C5%25B3_Vokietija" title="Vakarų Vokietija – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Vokietija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumv%25C4%2581cija" title="Rietumvācija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumvācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Западна Германија – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западна Германија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25B6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AE_%25E0%25B4%259C%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="പശ്ചിമ ജർമ്മനി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പശ്ചിമ ജർമ്മനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Баруун Герман – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Баруун Герман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580" title="पश्चिम जर्मनी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पश्चिम जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Barat" title="Jerman Barat – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jerman Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="အနောက်ဂျာမနီနိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အနောက်ဂျာမနီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Duutslaand" title="West-Duutslaand – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="West-Duutslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580" title="पश्चिम जर्मनी – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पश्चिम जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondsrepubliek_Duitsland_(1949-1990)" title="Bondsrepubliek Duitsland (1949-1990) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bondsrepubliek Duitsland (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Tyskland" title="Vest-Tyskland – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vest-Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Tyskland" title="Vest-Tyskland – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vest-Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanha_de_l%2527O%25C3%25A8st" title="Alemanha de l'Oèst – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemanha de l'Oèst" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D1%258B%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25C3%25A6%25D0%25BD_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ныгуылæн Герман – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ныгуылæн Герман" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%259B%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਜਰਮਨੀ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਜਰਮਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Federalna_Niemiec_(1949%25E2%2580%25931990)" title="Republika Federalna Niemiec (1949–1990) – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika Federalna Niemiec (1949–1990)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25DB%2590%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25DA%2581_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D9%258A" title="لوېديځ جرمني – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوېديځ جرمني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanha_Ocidental" title="Alemanha Ocidental – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alemanha Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunti_Alimanya" title="Kunti Alimanya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kunti Alimanya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania_de_Vest" title="Germania de Vest – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germania de Vest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_(1949%25E2%2580%25941990)" title="Федеративная Республика Германии (1949—1990) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федеративная Республика Германии (1949—1990)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%259D%25D1%2597%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_(1949%25E2%2580%25941990)" title="Сполкова републіка Нїмецько (1949—1990) – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сполкова републіка Нїмецько (1949—1990)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%25C3%25B9blica_Federale_Tedesca" title="Repùblica Federale Tedesca – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Federale Tedesca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girmania_Ovest" title="Girmania Ovest – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girmania Ovest" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Njema%25C4%258Dka" title="Zapadna Njemačka – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadna Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="West Germany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%25C3%25A1padn%25C3%25A9_Nemecko_(1949_%25E2%2580%2593_1990)" title="Západné Nemecko (1949 – 1990) – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západné Nemecko (1949 – 1990)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezna_republika_Nem%25C4%258Dija_(1949%25E2%2580%25931990)" title="Zvezna republika Nemčija (1949–1990) – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zvezna republika Nemčija (1949–1990)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermania_Per%25C3%25ABndimore" title="Gjermania Perëndimore – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjermania Perëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Западна Немачка – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западна Немачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4st-D%25C3%25BC%25C3%25BCtsklound" title="Wääst-Düütsklound – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wääst-Düütsklound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25A4sttyskland" title="Västtyskland – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västtyskland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujerumani_ya_Magharibi" title="Ujerumani ya Magharibi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ujerumani ya Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="மேற்கு செருமனி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கு செருமனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25B6%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC%25D2%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D0%259E%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD_(1949%25E2%2580%25941990)" title="Ҷумҳурии Федеролии Олмон (1949—1990) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Федеролии Олмон (1949—1990)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%2581" title="ประเทศเยอรมนีตะวันตก – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเยอรมนีตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Alemanya" title="Kanlurang Alemanya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C9%2599%25C5%25A1iny%25C5%25A1t%25C9%2599_Almanij%25C9%2599" title="Həšinyštə Almanijə – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həšinyštə Almanijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%25C4%25B1_Almanya" title="Batı Almanya – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Almanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B_(1949-1990)" title="Германия Федератив Республикасы (1949-1990) – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Германия Федератив Республикасы (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%259D%25D1%2596%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_(1949%25E2%2580%25941990)" title="Федеративна Республіка Німеччина (1949—1990) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Федеративна Республіка Німеччина (1949—1990)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="مغربی جرمنی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی جرمنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya_Federativ_Respublikasi_(1949%25E2%2580%25941990)" title="Germaniya Federativ Respublikasi (1949—1990) – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniya Federativ Respublikasi (1949—1990)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerm%25C3%25A0nia_%25C3%2592vest" title="Zermània Òvest – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zermània Òvest" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A2y_%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%25A9c" title="Tây Đức – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagne_do_Co%25C3%25BBtchant" title="Almagne do Coûtchant – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almagne do Coûtchant" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katundan_Alemanya" title="Katundan Alemanya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katundan Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%25BE%25B7" title="西德 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590_(1949-1990)" title="გერმანიაშ ფედერაციული რესპუბლიკა (1949-1990) – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანიაშ ფედერაციული რესპუბლიკა (1949-1990)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%2591_%25D7%2593%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593" title="מערב דייטשלאנד – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מערב דייטשלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Cw%25E1%25BB%258D%25CC%2580or%25C3%25B9n_J%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2581m%25C3%25A1n%25C3%25AC" title="Ìwọ̀orùn Jẹ́mánì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwọ̀orùn Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%25BE%25B7" title="西德 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%25BE%25B7" title="西德 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai-tek" title="Sai-tek – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sai-tek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%25BE%25B7" title="西德 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 1 février 2025 à 23:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a 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