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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Public response </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public response subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Speech_at_the_University_of_Florida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speech_at_the_University_of_Florida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Speech at the University of Florida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speech_at_the_University_of_Florida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_in_Montana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_in_Montana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Opposition in Montana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_in_Montana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethno-nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ethno-nationalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethno-nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_rhetoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_rhetoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Nazi rhetoric </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_rhetoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_for_Donald_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_Donald_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Support for Donald Trump </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_Donald_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Gender roles </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libertarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_self-description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_self-description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Current self-description </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_self-description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legal issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only 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Kessler </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sines_v._Kessler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Richard B. Spencer</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" > 19 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ريتشارد سبنسر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد سبنسر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Ρίτσαρντ Σπένσερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίτσαρντ Σπένσερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C._%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ریچارد بی. اسپنسر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد بی. اسپنسر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%9C%EC%84%9C" title="리처드 스펜서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 스펜서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="ריצ'רד ספנסר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד ספנסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ريتشارد سبنسر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد سبنسر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BBB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC" title="リチャード・B・スペンサー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・B・スペンサー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard B. Spencer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16217637#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Richard_B._Spencer" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Spencer&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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/></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American white supremacist (born 1978)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British painter, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ball_Spencer" title="Richard Ball Spencer">Richard Ball Spencer</a>. For other people, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Spencer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Richard Spencer (disambiguation)">Richard Spencer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard B. Spencer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Richard Spencer holding a microphone and pointing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg/220px-Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg/330px-Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg/440px-Richard_b_spencer_cropped_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1922" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Spencer in 2016</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1978-05-11) May 11, 1978 (age 46)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_School_of_Texas" title="St. Mark's School of Texas">St. Mark's School of Texas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD_candidate" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD candidate">PhD candidate</a>; withdrew)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Author, publisher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li>Organizing the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right</a> neo-Nazi demonstration</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li><li>White supremacy</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Nina Kouprianova</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2010; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2018)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">IHRA definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Declaration_on_Antisemitism" title="Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism">Jerusalem Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Nexus Task Force">Nexus Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of antisemitism">Geography</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Argentina" title="Antisemitism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Australia" title="Antisemitism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Austria" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Belgium" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Canada" title="Antisemitism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_China" title="Antisemitism in China">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Chile" title="Antisemitism in Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Antisemitism in Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Europe" title="Antisemitism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_France" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century France">21st-century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Germany" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Greece" title="Antisemitism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Hungary" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Italy" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Japan" title="Antisemitism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Pakistan" title="Antisemitism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Romania" title="Antisemitism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia" title="Antisemitism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Antisemitism in the Russian Empire">Imperial Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Stalinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_textbook_controversy" title="Saudi Arabian textbook controversy">textbook controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_South_Africa" title="Antisemitism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Spain" title="Antisemitism in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matar_jud%C3%ADos" title="Matar judíos">Matar judíos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Sweden" title="Antisemitism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Turkey" title="Antisemitism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">USA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="History of antisemitism in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States_in_the_21st_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Venezuela" title="Antisemitism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism" title="Universities and antisemitism">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_incidents_during_the_Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Antisemitic incidents during the Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War ('08–'09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Antisemitism during the Gaza war">Gaza war ('23–'25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish antisemitism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_antisemitism" title="Medieval antisemitism">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">Olympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_antisemitism" title="Racial antisemitism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Christianity" title="Antisemitism in Christianity">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam" title="Antisemitism in Islam">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam_and_antisemitism" title="Nation of Islam and antisemitism">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_antisemitism" title="Secondary antisemitism">Secondary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Tropes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_Plan" title="Cohen Plan">Cohen Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Deicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canards#Controlling_the_world_financial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canards">Finance control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Prophecy" title="Franklin Prophecy">Franklin Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration#Medieval_accusations_against_Jews" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_lobby#Viewed_as_antisemitic_and/or_pejorative" title="Jewish lobby">Jewish lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">Jewish war conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tax_conspiracy_theory" title="Kosher tax conspiracy theory">Kosher tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canards#Controlling_the_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canards">Media control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon#Antisemitism" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-hating_Jew" title="Self-hating Jew">Self-hating Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_poisoning#History_of_well_poisoning_as_libel" title="Well poisoning">Well poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory#Neo-Nazis'_accusations_against_Jews" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">ZOG conspiracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitic_publications" title="Category:Antisemitic publications">Publications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Critique_series" title="The Culture of Critique series">Culture of Critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Wars" title="Currency Wars">Currency Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dearborn_Independent" title="The Dearborn Independent">The Dearborn Independent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing (video game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_juive" title="La France juive">La France juive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(Pierce_novel)" title="Hunter (Pierce novel)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter" title="1988 Hamas charter">1988 Hamas Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Libre_Parole" title="La Libre Parole">La Libre Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Jews_and_Their_Lies" title="On the Jews and Their Lies">On the Jews and Their Lies</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Our_Race_Will_Rule_Undisputed_Over_The_World" title="Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World">Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Blacks_and_Jews" title="The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews">The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turner_Diaries" title="The Turner Diaries">The Turner Diaries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Black Death persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_boycotts" title="Anti-Jewish boycotts">Boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">Expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quarter_(diaspora)" title="Jewish quarter (diaspora)">Jewish quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_Europe" title="Jewish ghettos in Europe">Ghettos in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellah" title="Mellah">Mellah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Judaism" title="Martyrdom in Judaism">Martyrdom in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_during_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Pogroms during the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refuseniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_synagogues" title="Attacks on synagogues">synagogue attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Internet</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">4chan (/pol/)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disclose.tv" title="Disclose.tv">Disclose.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebbels Gap">Goebbels Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoyimTV" class="mw-redirect" title="GoyimTV">GoyimTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_Watch" title="Jew Watch">Jew Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">The Occidental Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_on_social_media" title="Antisemitism on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff (blog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unz_Review" title="The Unz Review">The Unz Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Today" title="Veterans Today">Veterans Today</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anti-antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-antisemitism">Opposition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Antisemitism" title="Campaign Against Antisemitism">Campaign Against Antisemitism</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights_Agency" title="Fundamental Rights Agency">Fundamental Rights Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosemitism" title="Philosemitism">Philosemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roth_Institute" title="Stephen Roth Institute">Stephen Roth Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Committee_Against_Antisemitism" title="Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism">Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Councils_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Union of Councils for Soviet Jews">Union of Councils for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Watch" title="UN Watch">UN Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Strategy_to_Counter_Antisemitism" title="U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism">U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Holocaust_Library" title="Wiener Holocaust Library">Wiener Holocaust Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism" title="Category:Antisemitism">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antisemitism_sidebar" title="Template:Antisemitism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antisemitism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Antisemitism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antisemitism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antisemitism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Richard Bertrand Spencer (born May 11, 1978)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> is an American political commentator mostly known for his <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canard" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canard">antisemitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> views.<a href="#cite_note-baron-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Spencer claimed to have coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a>" and was the most prominent advocate of the alt-right movement from its earliest days.<a href="#cite_note-baron-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> He advocates for the reconstitution of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> into a <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> racial empire, which he believes will replace the diverse European ethnic identities with one homogeneous "White identity".<a href="#cite_note-motherjones.com-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-8">[8]</a> Spencer has advocated for the enslavement of <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitians</a> by whites and for the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> of the racial minorities of the United States,<a href="#cite_note-auto8-9">[9]</a> additionally expressing admiration for the political tactics of <a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a> founder <a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto7-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> He was a featured speaker at the August 2017 <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in Charlottesville, Virginia, among other neo-Nazi rallies that he has headlined.<a href="#cite_note-nbcadl-12">[12]</a> Spencer has repeatedly used Nazi gestures and rhetoric in public. In early 2016, Spencer was filmed giving the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a> in a karaoke bar, and leaked footage also depicts Spencer giving the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute#Nazi_chants" title="Nazi salute">Sieg Heil</a> salute to his supporters during the August 2017 Charlottesville rally.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-13">[13]</a> After <a href="/wiki/2016_presidential_election_in_the_united_states" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 presidential election in the united states">Donald Trump was elected president</a> in 2016, Spencer urged his supporters to "party like it's 1933," the year Hitler <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">came to power</a> in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-14">[14]</a> In the weeks following, Spencer quoted <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a> and denounced <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162-15">[15]</a> At a conference Spencer held celebrating the election, Spencer cried: "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!"; subsequently, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a> led a number of Spencer's supporters in performing a Nazi salute and a chant similar to the Sieg Heil chant.<a href="#cite_note-auto9-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto10-17">[17]</a> In early-to-mid-2017, when Spencer's following was at its height, his supporters would give him the Sieg Heil salute when he entered a room.<a href="#cite_note-Marantz-18">[18]</a> Following the Unite the Right rally, Spencer has been involved in several legal issues. After the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, during which an alt-right supporter <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">drove a car into a group of counter-protesters</a>, killing one and injuring at least 19 others,<a href="#cite_note-CNN_UniteTheRight-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-ManCharged-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Spencer was sued as part of <a href="/wiki/Sines_v._Kessler" title="Sines v. Kessler">Sines v. Kessler</a> for allegedly acting as a "gang boss" and inciting the killing.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> On November 23, 2021, the jury found Spencer liable on two counts and were unable to reach verdicts for another two, awarding $25 million in total damages.<a href="#cite_note-wapo23Nov2021-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc23Nov2021-25">[25]</a> Three supporters of Spencer were charged with attempted homicide following his October 2017 speech at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Following an appeal by the Polish government, he was banned from the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-auto6-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> having been banned previously in 2014 after being deported from Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slate-WhiteFlight-BudapestConference-2014-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-HungarianGovt-BansRacistConference-2014-31">[31]</a> Spencer largely ceased to be an effective leader of the alt-right movement after March 2018, following violence outside a Michigan State University event where he was speaking.<a href="#cite_note-:5-32">[32]</a> Spencer has frequently contradicted his own previous statements about his beliefs and ideals; in one text exchange in 2022, he told a journalist that he "no longer identifies as a white nationalist."<a href="#cite_note-:6-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> As of 2024, he was still operating the web-based white nationalist publication <a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Radix Journal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-32">[32]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> Richard Bertrand Spencer was born in 1978 in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, the son of <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophthalmologist">ophthalmologist</a> Rand Spencer and Sherry Spencer (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Dickenhorst), the heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019224,_227-38">[38]</a> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Preston_Hollow,_Dallas" title="Preston Hollow, Dallas">Preston Hollow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> Spencer attended <a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_School_of_Texas" title="St. Mark's School of Texas">St. Mark's School of Texas</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate University</a> for one year before transferring to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> In 2001, he received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in English Literature and Music from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> and, in 2003, a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> in the Humanities from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> From the summer of 2005 into 2006, Spencer attended <a href="/wiki/Institute_Vienna_Circle_/_Vienna_Circle_Society" title="Institute Vienna Circle / Vienna Circle Society">Vienna International Summer University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> From 2005 to 2007, he was a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> student in Modern European intellectual history at <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>. He joined the Duke Conservative Union, where he met future <a href="/wiki/President_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="President Trump">President Trump</a>'s senior policy advisor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> His former website says he did not complete his PhD at Duke in order "to pursue a life of <a href="/wiki/Thought_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Thought crime">thought-crime</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_activities">Early activities</h3></div> From March to December 2007, Spencer was the assistant editor at <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> According to founding editor <a href="/wiki/Scott_McConnell" title="Scott McConnell">Scott McConnell</a>, he was fired from The American Conservative because his views were considered too extreme.<a href="#cite_note-MotherJones-Profile-2016-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> Spencer spoke about the <a href="/wiki/Duke_lacrosse_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke lacrosse case">Duke lacrosse case</a> and credits it with changing the course of his career.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> From January 2008 to December 2009, he served as the executive editor of <a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a>, a libertarian online magazine published by <a href="/wiki/Taki_Theodoracopulos" title="Taki Theodoracopulos">Taki Theodoracopulos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile-42">[42]</a> He has claimed credit for coining the term <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> in 2008 in order to differentiate himself from "mainstream American conservatism", although <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a> argues that both he and Spencer created the term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019226-43">[43]</a> In March 2010, Spencer founded AlternativeRight.com, a website he edited until 2012.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a> In January 2011, he became the owner and executive director of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">[39]</a> In January 2011, Spencer became president and director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a> (NPI), a White supremacist think tank based in Virginia, which was once run from his mother's $3 million summer house.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a> George Hawley, an assistant professor of political science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a>, has described NPI as "rather obscure and marginalized" until Spencer became its president.<a href="#cite_note-makingsense5859-45">[45]</a> Spencer was invited to speak at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> in 2010 and <a href="/wiki/Providence_College" title="Providence College">Providence College</a> in 2011 by <a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Western_Civilization" title="Youth for Western Civilization">Youth for Western Civilization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-adlasymbolofthenewwhitesupremacy-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpostliebelsonmanwhoheld-47">[47]</a> In 2012, he founded Radix Journal as a biannual publication of Washington Summit Publishers.<a href="#cite_note-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a> Contributions have included articles by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_B._MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin B. MacDonald">Kevin B. MacDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtagi%C4%87" title="Alex Kurtagić">Alex Kurtagić</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel T. Francis">Samuel T. Francis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a> He also hosts a weekly podcast, "Vanguard Radio".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a> In 2014, Spencer was deported from <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary. Under terms of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a>, he was banned for three years from 26 countries in Europe after trying to organize the National Policy Institute Conference, a conference for White nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slate-WhiteFlight-BudapestConference-2014-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-HungarianGovt-BansRacistConference-2014-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alt-right_leader">Alt-right leader</h3></div> On January 15, 2017, the day of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>'s birthday, Spencer launched the <a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a> and its website altright.com, another commentary website for alt-right members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019228-29">[29]</a> According to Spencer, the site is a <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a> site for members of the alt-right.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Swedish publisher <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arktos_Media" title="Arktos Media">Arktos Media</a> is co-founder and European editor of the site.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-IBT-49">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> of the United States describes the common thread among contributors as <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, rather than White nationalism or White supremacy in general.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Contributors to AltRight.com have included Henrik Palmgren and <a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On February 23, 2017, Spencer was removed from the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a>, where he was giving statements to the press. A CPAC spokesman said he was removed from the event because other members found him "repugnant".<a href="#cite_note-Bobic-54">[54]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_supremacists_clash_with_police_(36421659232).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_supremacists_clash_with_police_%2836421659232%29.jpg/220px-White_supremacists_clash_with_police_%2836421659232%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_supremacists_clash_with_police_%2836421659232%29.jpg/330px-White_supremacists_clash_with_police_%2836421659232%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_supremacists_clash_with_police_%2836421659232%29.jpg/440px-White_supremacists_clash_with_police_%2836421659232%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>White nationalist protesters clash with police during the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in Charlottesville, Virginia.</figcaption></figure> On May 13, 2017, he led a torch-lit protest in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a>, against the vote of the city council to remove a <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Monument_(Charlottesville,_Virginia)" title="Robert E. Lee Monument (Charlottesville, Virginia)">statue of Robert E. Lee</a>, the commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-55">[55]</a> Spencer and <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a> were among those who led the crowd in chants of "You will not replace us," and "<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Signer" title="Michael Signer">Michael Signer</a>, the mayor of Charlottesville, called the protest "horrific", and stated that it was either "profoundly ignorant" or intended to instill fear among minorities "in a way that hearkens back to the days of the KKK".<a href="#cite_note-auto-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In August 2017, Spencer was listed as an organizer on posters promoting the Charlottesville, Virginia, <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a>. It attracted counter-protesters, and violence broke out. One rightist drove his car into a group of counter-protesters, killing one woman and wounding 30 so severely they needed hospital treatment.<a href="#cite_note-nbcadl-12">[12]</a> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> removed from Spencer's account the blue checkmark that, reported <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, "the company gives to prominent accounts to help readers ensure they are authentic". Spencer told The Post he was worried this would lead to Twitter banning people like him.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> He later joined the social network <a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-61">[61]</a> In November 2019, <a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a> released an audio recording of Spencer using racist slurs immediately after the 2017 Unite the Right rally. Spencer said he did not recall making the remarks, but did not deny the voice on the recording was his (see <a href="#White_identity">#White identity</a>).<a href="#cite_note-guardian-4nov2019-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coaston-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> A 2022 publication by the Southern Poverty Law Center stated "Spencer's efforts to stage events, and the alt-right movement around him, crumbled in March 2018" following violence outside a Michigan State University event where Spencer was speaking. Following this, Spencer largely ceased to be an effective leader of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-:5-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_speaking">Public speaking</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/220px--NPI_Press_Conference.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="43" data-mwtitle="NPI_Press_Conference.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:NPI_Press_Conference.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/NPI_Press_Conference.webm/NPI_Press_Conference.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Short clip of Spencer speaking in November 2016</figcaption></figure> During a speech Spencer delivered in mid-November 2016 at an alt-right conference attended by approximately 200 people in Washington, D.C., Spencer quoted <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi propaganda</a> in the original German and denounced <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162-15">[15]</a> Audience members cheered and gave the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a> when he said, "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!"<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-HailTrump-ConferenceVideo-2016-65">[65]</a> and extended his right arm with a glass to toast that victory.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Spencer later defended their conduct, stating that the Nazi salute was given in a spirit of "irony and exuberance".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> It was later reported that Spencer had given the Nazi salute at a <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke</a> bar in April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-13">[13]</a> Additionally, in 2017, sources indicate Spencer pressured followers to give him the Sieg Heil salute when he entered a room. Leaked texts indicate that those who refused to give the Nazi salute to Spencer, such as <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a>, were stigmatized within the movement.<a href="#cite_note-Marantz-18">[18]</a> Groups and events which Spencer has spoken to include the <a href="/wiki/Property_and_Freedom_Society" title="Property and Freedom Society">Property and Freedom Society</a>,<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> the <a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a> conference,<a href="#cite_note-AmericanRenaissanceConf-Speech-2013-69">[69]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">HL Mencken</a> Club.<a href="#cite_note-MenckenClub-Opener-2013-70">[70]</a> In November 2016, an <a href="/wiki/Online_petition" title="Online petition">online petition</a> to prevent Spencer from speaking at <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a> on December 6, 2016, was signed by thousands of students, employees, and alumni.<a href="#cite_note-chroniclerichardspencertour-71">[71]</a> A protest and a university-organized counter-event were held to coincide with Spencer's event.<a href="#cite_note-insideprotestsgreetwhitesupre-72">[72]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm/220px--Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="2080" data-mwtitle="Richard_Spencer_-_The_“Alternative_Right”_in_America_(PFS_2010).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_(PFS_2010).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm/Richard_Spencer_-_The_%E2%80%9CAlternative_Right%E2%80%9D_in_America_%28PFS_2010%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>Richard Spencer speaking about The "Alternative Right" in the United States in 2010 – video by <a href="/wiki/Property_and_Freedom_Society" title="Property and Freedom Society">Property and Freedom Society</a> </figcaption></figure> On January 20, 2017, Spencer attended the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration of Donald Trump</a>. As he was giving an impromptu interview on a nearby street afterwards, a masked man punched Spencer in the face, then fled.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> A video of the incident was posted online, leading to divergent views on whether the attack was appropriate.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Shortly after the violent <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a>, in August 2017, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> denied Spencer's request for a September 2017 speaking opportunity, citing public safety grounds after opposition from students and locals of <a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gainesvillesun-76">[76]</a> Due to safety reasons, he was also denied speaking requests at <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-insidehigheredmichiganstatelsureject-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-theadvocatewhitenationalistnotwelcome-78">[78]</a> In September 2017, Cameron Padgett, who tried to book Spencer, sued MSU; he was represented by Kyle Bristow, an MSU alumnus.<a href="#cite_note-insidehigheredrichardspencersgroupsues-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-detroitfreepressmsusuedbyricharspencer-80">[80]</a> On August 16, during a television interview with Israeli <a href="/wiki/Channel_2_(Israel)" title="Channel 2 (Israel)">Channel 2</a> anchor <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kushmaro" title="Danny Kushmaro">Danny Kushmaro</a>, Spencer claimed that "Jews are vastly over-represented in... 'the establishment', that is, <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> educated people who really determine policy".<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael.com_17Aug2017-81">[81]</a> Spencer's National Policy Institute, David Duke, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a>, and American Renaissance magazine were among the white nationalist outlets banned by <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> from their platform in late June 2020 for not following the platform's policies on hate speech.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_response">Public response</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speech_at_the_University_of_Florida">Speech at the University of Florida</h3></div> After the University of Florida's August 2017 denial of Spencer's request to speak the following month, Floridian lawyer Gary Edinger threatened to sue the university for violating the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> by prohibiting Spencer from speaking despite being a publicly funded institution. The university subsequently reached an agreement with Edinger allowing Spencer to speak on October 19, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-:1-83">[83]</a> Florida Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Rick Scott</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> for <a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua County</a> on October 16, saying: "I find that the threat of a potential emergency is imminent" as a result of Spencer's appearance.<a href="#cite_note-:2-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> On October 19, 2017, Spencer spoke at the <a href="/wiki/Curtis_M._Phillips_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts">Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts</a> on university grounds. In addition to Spencer, the speakers included <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a> (using the pseudonym "Eli Mosley") of <a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a>, a white supremacist group from California, and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a>, a white nationalist blogger.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The event's security costs reportedly amounted to an estimated $600,000.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> It drew about 2,500 protestors, vastly outnumbering Spencer's supporters.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-89">[89]</a> The speech, which was Spencer's first public appearance after the Charlottesville rally, was disrupted by loud protests.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> When drowned out by chants from the audience, he grew visibly frustrated, stating that the protestors were interfering with his freedom of speech. He added: "You are all engaged in what's known as the <a href="/wiki/Heckler%27s_veto" title="Heckler's veto">heckler's veto</a>." According to <a href="/wiki/Clay_Calvert" title="Clay Calvert">Clay Calvert</a>, director of the Marion B. Brechner First Amendment Project at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Journalism_and_Communications" title="University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications">University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications</a>, non-violent protesting, booing and suggesting that the speaker leave was not a <a href="/wiki/Heckler%27s_veto#Law" title="Heckler's veto">heckler's veto in law</a>. The speech and the concurrent protests were largely peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Later that day, three of Spencer's supporters were arrested on felony charges following an alleged discharge of a firearm, directed at protestors leaving the event. The three suspects were residents of Texas who had traveled to Florida to hear Spencer speak. According to the <a href="/wiki/Gainesville_Police_Department" title="Gainesville Police Department">Gainesville Police Department</a>, they had shouted "Hail Hitler" and gave Nazi salutes immediately before the alleged attack. Authorities said that two of the suspects had known links to extremist groups.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The men had participated in the August 2017 <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a>, where Spencer had been scheduled to speak.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> All three were charged with attempted homicide.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In the aftermath of the October 19 events, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a> declined Spencer's request to allow him to speak on campus, citing "substantial risk to public safety". In response, a lawyer representing Spencer's associate and organizer of his speaking tour filed a lawsuit against the university.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_in_Montana">Opposition in Montana</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a> think tank, <a href="/wiki/AlternativeRight.com" class="mw-redirect" title="AlternativeRight.com">AlternativeRight.com</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radix_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Radix Journal">Radix Journal</a> all use the same mailing address in <a href="/wiki/Whitefish,_Montana" title="Whitefish, Montana">Whitefish, Montana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MissoulaIndependent-NPI-2013-99">[99]</a> In 2013, a dispute with <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservative</a> lobbyist <a href="/wiki/Randy_Scheunemann" title="Randy Scheunemann">Randy Scheunemann</a> at <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_Mountain_Resort" title="Whitefish Mountain Resort">Whitefish Mountain Resort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> drew public attention to Spencer and his political views.<a href="#cite_note-WhitefishPilot-FightAtResort-2014-100">[100]</a> In 2014, a pro-tolerance group affiliated with the Montana Human Rights Network rallied against Spencer's residency in Whitefish. In response, the city council approved a non-discrimination resolution.<a href="#cite_note-WhitefishPilot-Resolution-LoveLivesHere-2014-101">[101]</a> In December 2016, Republican Representative <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Ryan Zinke</a>, Republican Senator <a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Steve Daines</a>, Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Jon Tester</a>, Democratic Governor <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Steve Bullock</a> and Republican Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Tim_Fox_(politician)" title="Tim Fox (politician)">Tim Fox</a> condemned a neo-Nazi march that had been planned for January 2017.<a href="#cite_note-forwardcoffmanmontanalawmakers-102">[102]</a> The community of Whitefish organized in opposition to the event, and the march never occurred.<a href="#cite_note-Beckett-103">[103]</a> Also in December 2016, Spencer announced he was considering an independent run for <a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana's at-large congressional district">Montana's at-large congressional district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Montana%27s_at-large_congressional_district_special_election" title="2017 Montana's at-large congressional district special election">2017 special election</a>, although he ultimately did not enter the race.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union_bans">European Union bans</h3></div> European governments and media have responded to his visits. During his speaking tour in Hungary in 2014, Spencer was mocked by the Hungarian newspaper <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pszabads%C3%A1g" title="Népszabadság">Népszabadság</a> for his call for "a white Imperium" through a revival of the Roman Empire, and for his claim to be a "racial European", ideas that the newspaper called contrived and without any basis in <a href="/wiki/European_history" class="mw-redirect" title="European history">European history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In the aftermath of his visit, Hungarian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> pressed through legislative measures which banned his entry and condemned Spencer.<a href="#cite_note-The_Bumbling_Bigots_of_Budapest-108">[108]</a> The government of Poland has also banned him from entering the country and condemned Spencer,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> citing his Nazi rhetoric, the anti-Polish and anti-Slavic <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">racism of the Nazis</a>, and the Nazis' <a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">genocide of Slavic peoples</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-27">[27]</a> In July 2018, Spencer was detained at <a href="/wiki/Keflav%C3%ADk_International_Airport" title="Keflavík International Airport">Keflavík Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> en route to Sweden and was ordered by Polish officials to return to the United States; the successful effort of the Poles to ban Spencer from other parts of Europe arises from the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_identity">White identity</h3></div> Spencer believes in <a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">white pride</a> and the unification of a pan-European "<a href="/wiki/White_race" class="mw-redirect" title="White race">white race</a>" in a "potential racial empire" resembling the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-motherjones.com-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-8">[8]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, he was criticized for an apparent inconsistency or lack of clarity in his definition of white, with his interviewer saying that Spencer defined Syrians as white in the context of <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>'s role in developing the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, but described them as a non-white presence in Europe in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian refugee crisis">Syrian refugee crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> called Spencer a "leader" in white supremacist circles, and said that after leaving The American Conservative, he rejected <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatism</a>, because he believed its adherents "can't or won't represent explicitly white interests".<a href="#cite_note-ADL-RichardSpencer-2013-112">[112]</a> While being interviewed by <a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">David Pakman</a>, he was asked if he would condemn the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>; he refused by saying: "I'm not going to play this game", while stating that Hitler had "done things that I think are despicable", without elaborating on which things he was referring to.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In a 2016 interview for <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine, Spencer said he rejected white supremacy and the slavery of nonwhites, preferring to establish America as a <a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">white ethnostate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Time-BillionaireBigots-2016-114">[114]</a> He also advocates the creation of a white ethnostate in Europe that would be open to all "racial Europeans".<a href="#cite_note-motherjones.com-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-116">[116]</a> Jason Wilson in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> has argued that Spencer and other white nationalists are appropriating some elements of <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> rhetoric to critique a "notion of capitalism centered on stereotypes of Jews".<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> According to political scientist Tamir Bar-On, Spencer defends "racialist and anti-Semitic agendas" of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a> under a new <a href="/wiki/Metapolitics" title="Metapolitics">metapolitical</a> guise, acting as a cultural influencer rather than a direct political actor, and using various media outlets to "disseminate his views to ordinary people in an accessible manner".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019225–226,_228-118">[118]</a> Audio of Spencer speaking in Charlottesville in August 2017 was leaked by <a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a> in November 2019, in which Spencer reacted to the aftermath of the Unite the Right rally and the death of Heather Heyer; in the recording, Spencer says: "We are coming back here like a hundred fucking times. I am so mad. I am so fucking mad at these people. They don't do this to fucking me. We are going to fucking ritualistically humiliate them. I am coming back here every fucking weekend if I have to. Like this is never over. I win! They fucking lose! That's how the world fucking works. Little fucking <a href="/wiki/Kike" title="Kike">kikes</a>. They get ruled by people like me. Little fucking <a href="/wiki/Quadroon" title="Quadroon">octaroons</a> ... my ancestors fucking enslaved those little pieces of fucking shit. I rule the fucking world. Those pieces of fucking shit get ruled by people like me. They look up and see a face like mine looking down at them. That's how the fucking world works. We are going to destroy this fucking town."<a href="#cite_note-Coaston-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethno-nationalism">Ethno-nationalism</h3></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>, Spencer has advocated for a white homeland for a "dispossessed white race", and called for "peaceful ethnic cleansing" to halt the "deconstruction" of what he describes as "white culture".<a href="#cite_note-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-white-nationalist-120">[120]</a> To this end, he has supported what he has called "the creation of a White ethnostate on the North American continent", an "ideal" that he has regarded as a "reconstitution of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-116">[116]</a> Spencer claims to be a "white Zionist" and praised Israel's <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law:_Israel_as_the_Nation-State_of_the_Jewish_People" title="Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People">Jewish nation-state law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> saying: "Jews are, once again, at the vanguard, rethinking politics and sovereignty for the future, showing a path forward for Europeans."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> His position was described as disingenuous as the alt-right does not usually support <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">UK vote to leave</a> the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>, Spencer expressed support for the multi-national bloc "as a <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">potential racial empire</a>" and an alternative to "American hegemony", stating that he has "always been highly skeptical of so-called '<a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euro-Skeptics</a>'".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazi_rhetoric">Nazi rhetoric</h3></div> Spencer has made frequent use of Nazi rhetoric and gestures in his public speeches.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-27">[27]</a> He called <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 2016 presidential election "the victory of will", a phrase evoking the title of <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a> (1935), a Nazi-era propaganda film.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162-15">[15]</a> Spencer urged his supporters to "party like it's 1933," the year Hitler came to power in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-14">[14]</a> In the weeks following, Spencer quoted <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a> and denounced <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162-15">[15]</a> At a conference Spencer held celebrating Trump's election, he mentioned the "mainstream media" in those terms: "or perhaps we should refer to them in the original German: Lügenpresse", meaning 'lying press' or 'press of lies', a term frequently used by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> in Nazi propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Spencer ended his speech with: "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!", and a number of his supporters gave the Nazi salute and chanted in a similar fashion to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute#Nazi_chants" title="Nazi salute">Sieg Heil</a> chant.<a href="#cite_note-auto9-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto10-17">[17]</a> Spencer also admires <a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a>, for using "shock as a positive means to an end".<a href="#cite_note-auto7-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_Donald_Trump">Support for Donald Trump</h3></div> Spencer supported <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162-15">[15]</a> Following Trump's appointment of <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> as chief White House strategist and senior counselor, Spencer said Bannon would be in "the best possible position" to influence policy.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-OpEd-Bannon-TurnOnHate-2016-127">[127]</a> By 2018, however, Spencer had distanced himself from Trump, saying on Twitter that "the Trump moment is over, and it's time for us to move on." The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> reported that, around the same time, the white nationalist movement as a whole was dissatisfied with Trump's presidency, particularly because they believed Trump had failed to put a stop to non-white immigration into the US.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In a July 2019 interview on CNN, he called Trump's tweet about four congresswomen (telling them to "go back" to where they came from) "meaningless", as he believed Trump was practicing a "con game" in not clearly developing a white nationalist agenda. He stated that Trump was merely providing "tweets that are meaningless and cheap and express the kind of sentiments you might hear from your drunk uncle while he's watching [Sean] <a href="/wiki/Hannity" title="Hannity">Hannity</a>."<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 2020, following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">assassination of Iranian general Qasem Soleimani</a>, Spencer said that he regretted voting for Trump.<a href="#cite_note-soleimani-130">[130]</a> In August of that year, Spencer said he would be voting for <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and the straight Democratic ticket in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>. "The MAGA/Alt-Right moment is over. I made mistakes; Trump is an obvious disaster; but mainly the paradigm contained flaws that we now are able to perceive. And it needs to end," Spencer wrote. "So be patient. We'll have another day in the sun. We need to recover and return in a new form." The Biden campaign renounced his support.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Spencer endorsed <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_US_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 US presidential election">2024 election</a>, claiming that "Donald Trump and the MAGA movement bring nothing but stupidity and chaos."<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_roles">Gender roles</h3></div> During the 2016 United States presidential election, Spencer tweeted that women should not be allowed to make foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-135">[135]</a> He also stated in an interview with The Washington Post that his vision of America as a white ethnostate includes women returning to traditional <a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">roles</a> as childbearers and <a href="/wiki/Homemakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemakers">homemakers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In October 2017, when asked his opinion on American women having the right to vote, he said: "I don't necessarily think that that's a great thing" after stating that he was "not terribly excited" about voting in general.<a href="#cite_note-:0-135">[135]</a> Spencer opposes <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Radix-GayMarriage-2010-138">[138]</a> which he has described as "unnatural" and a "non-issue", commenting that "very few gay men will find the idea of monogamy to their liking".<a href="#cite_note-NPI-EndOfCultureWar-2013-139">[139]</a> Despite his opposition to same-sex marriage, Spencer barred people with <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights opposition">anti-gay views</a> from the National Policy Institute's annual conference in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3></div> Spencer supports <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">legal access to abortion</a>, in part because he believes it would reduce the number of <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> people, which he says would be a "great boon" to <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a> Spencer also supports a national <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_healthcare" title="Single-payer healthcare">single-payer health care</a> system because he believes it would benefit white people.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3></div> Spencer is an <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> although he also believes that the <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">Christian church</a> previously held some pragmatic value, because Spencer believes that it helped unify the white population of Europe. He opposes traditional Christian values as a moral code, due to the fact that Christianity is a <a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">universalizing</a> religion, rather than an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a>. Spencer references his views on Christianity as being influenced by the German philosopher <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-harris-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Citing Nietzsche's <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Jews,_nationalism_and_European_identity" title="Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche">criticism of anti-Semitism and nationalism</a>, Scott Galupo writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Illing" title="Sean Illing">Sean Illing</a> for Vox, and Jordan Harris for <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a> have described Spencer's interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy as incorrect.<a href="#cite_note-harris-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Spencer's Radix Journal has promoted <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a>, running titles such as "Why I am a pagan".<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Spencer has also described himself as a "cultural Christian".<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</h3></div> Spencer states he voted for Democrat <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> over incumbent Republican <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 United States presidential election</a>, because Bush stood for "the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">war</a>".<a href="#cite_note-DallasNews-alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump-2017-150">[150]</a> Spencer criticized President Trump's administration for escalating <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations#2019–2020_escalation_in_tensions" title="Iran–United States relations">tensions between the U.S. and Iran</a>. In January 2020, Spencer tweeted: "To the people of Iran, there are millions of Americans who do not want war, who do not hate you, and who respect your nation and its history. After our traitorous elite is brought to justice, we hope to achieve peace, reconciliation, and forgiveness."<a href="#cite_note-soleimani-130">[130]</a> Spencer has advocated for the US pulling out of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and called Russia the "sole white power in the world" in 2016. His former partner, Nina Kouprianova, under her pen name Nina Byzantina referred to herself as a "Kremlin troll leader" and regularly aligned to Kremlin talking points, with ties to <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a>, a far-right ultranationalist Russian leader in the <a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a> movement and writer of <a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a>. The webzine founded by Spencer in 2010, called Alternative Right, accepted direct contributor pieces from Dugin.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Kouprianova has translated several books written by Dugin.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The books were later published by Spencer's publishing house, Washington Summit Publishers.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</h3></div> In the late 2000s, Spencer was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">libertarian movement</a>, supporting <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">libertarian Republican</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-155">[155]</a> and hosting him at his discussion club, the Robert Taft Club.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">[37]</a> Spencer later disavowed libertarianism as incompatible with white nationalism, and in 2017 he came into conflict with libertarians after reportedly attempting to "crash" an International Students for Liberty conference.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_self-description">Current self-description</h3></div> Spencer has frequently contradicted his own previous statements about what he believes and how he identifies himself ideologically. In a single text exchange in 2022, he told a journalist for the feminist website <a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a> that he "no longer identifies as a white nationalist." In June 2022, he described himself on <a href="/wiki/Bumble" title="Bumble">Bumble</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">politically moderate</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:6-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2></div> According to political scientist Tamir Bar-On, "Spencer's key intellectual influences are largely those thinkers concerned with winning the '<a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">cultural war</a>' against egalitarianism, liberal democracy, capitalism, socialism, and multiculturalism," citing Nietzsche, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">German Conservative Revolution</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Carl Schmitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a>), <a href="/wiki/French_New_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="French New Right">French New Right</a> theorists like <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a>, along with other far-right figures such as <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a>, and "US right-wingers with a penchant for race-driven politics or anti-Semitism" like <a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel T. Francis">Sam Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_B._MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin B. MacDonald">Kevin B. MacDonald</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019226–227-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sines_v._Kessler">Sines v. Kessler</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sines_v._Kessler" title="Sines v. Kessler">Sines v. Kessler</a></div> In June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Norman_K._Moon" title="Norman K. Moon">Norman K. Moon</a>, the federal district judge presiding over <a href="/wiki/Sines_v._Kessler" title="Sines v. Kessler">Sines v. Kessler</a>, a civil rights lawsuit that stemmed from the violence at the Unite the Right rally in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-independent23Nov2021-158">[158]</a> allowed Spencer's lawyer, John DiNucci, to withdraw from the case, on the grounds that Spencer owed DiNucci a significant amount in legal fees, and also was not cooperating with him in preparing the case; Spencer thereafter represented himself. At the time of DiNucci's withdrawal, Spencer also faced a $500 fine and two weeks in a county jail in Montana if he did not pay over $60,000 he owed to the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_ad_litem" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian ad litem">guardian ad litem</a> representing his children's interests in Spencer's ongoing divorce proceedings there. Ultimately, Spencer avoided going to jail after settling the debt.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> On November 23, 2021, the jury reached a mixed verdict in the case. Along with the other defendants, Spencer was found liable on two counts; civil conspiracy under Virginia state law, and race-based harassment or violence.<a href="#cite_note-wapo23Nov2021-24">[24]</a> The jury deadlocked on the remaining two charges of conspiracy to commit racially motivated violence, and whether defendants had knowledge of the conspiracy and failed to prevent it from taking place.<a href="#cite_note-independent23Nov2021-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj23Nov2021-160">[160]</a> Jurors awarded more than $25 million in total damages, with Spencer personally liable for $700,000 in punitive damages.<a href="#cite_note-wapo23Nov2021-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc23Nov2021-25">[25]</a> Spencer stated he would appeal the judgement, saying the "entire theory of that verdict is fundamentally flawed." <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Kaplan" title="Roberta Kaplan">Roberta Kaplan</a> meanwhile said that the plaintiffs' lawyers plan to refile so that a new jury can decide on the deadlocked claims.<a href="#cite_note-apnews23Nov2021-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> In 2010, Spencer moved to <a href="/wiki/Whitefish,_Montana" title="Whitefish, Montana">Whitefish, Montana</a>. He says he splits his time between Whitefish and <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-WhitefishPilot-LoveLivesHere-2014-162">[162]</a> although he has said he has lived in Whitefish for over 10 years and considers it home.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> As of 2017, Spencer was renting an apartment in Alexandria, Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> He moved out in August 2018.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Prior to his marriage, Spencer's dating history included Asian women,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> which he has said predates his white nationalism, though this evaluation is disputed.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Spencer married Nina Kouprianova in 2010, with whom he has two children.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> He separated from Kouprianova, a Russian-Canadian with <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgian</a> roots,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> in October 2016;<a href="#cite_note-MotherJones-Profile-2016-40">[40]</a> in April 2017, Spencer said he and his wife were not separated and were still together.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In October 2018, Kouprianova accused him, in divorce documents, of multiple forms of abuse.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim2019-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Darby2019-173">[173]</a> Kouprianova provided hours of recordings and text messages to the press in order to substantiate her allegations.<a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim2019-172">[172]</a> Court documents detailed emotional abuse, financial abuse, and violent physical abuse, including when Kouprianova was four months pregnant, and frequently in front of their children.<a href="#cite_note-NBC_abuse-174">[174]</a> According to media reports, the recordings and text messages show Spencer telling his wife that he will "fucking break [her] nose," encouraging her to commit <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, and apologizing for previous incidents of physical abuse.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPo_2019-01-13-175">[175]</a> A caregiver to the children testified in court about Spencer's abuses towards both her and Kouprianova.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPo_2019-01-13-175">[175]</a> Spencer denied all allegations made against him, and was not charged with a crime.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPo_2019-01-13-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichardBSpencer2023" class="citation web cs1">@RichardBSpencer (November 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RichardBSpencer/status/1719866626567442462">"Within me are four souls"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved November 6, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Within+me+are+four+souls&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.au=RichardBSpencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRichardBSpencer%2Fstatus%2F1719866626567442462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEguiliz2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eguiliz, Laura (January 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://as.com/tikitakas/2017/01/21/portada/1485000329_825221.html">"El líder racista de "Poder Blanco" es golpeado en plena calle"</a> [The racist leader of "White Power" is punched in the street]. TikiTakas (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311060923/https://as.com/tikitakas/2017/01/21/portada/1485000329_825221.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TikiTakas&rft.atitle=El+l%C3%ADder+racista+de+%22Poder+Blanco%22+es+golpeado+en+plena+calle&rft.date=2017-01-23&rft.aulast=Eguiliz&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fas.com%2Ftikitakas%2F2017%2F01%2F21%2Fportada%2F1485000329_825221.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-baron-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baron_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baron_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBar-On2019">Bar-On 2019</a>, p. 225: "Spencer has been dubbed a 'neo-Nazi', 'White supremacist', and 'ethnic nationalist'." </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Further sources: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/hbo-to-air-new-documentary-on-team-that-sued-charlottesville-rally-organizers-and-won/">HBO to air new documentary on team that sued Charlottesville rally organizers and won</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240203135114/https://www.timesofisrael.com/hbo-to-air-new-documentary-on-team-that-sued-charlottesville-rally-organizers-and-won/">Archived</a> February 3, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Jackie Hajdenberg, October 7, 2023</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/richard-spencer-kicked-out-of-gym-following-confrontation.html">Richard Spencer Loses Gym Membership After Professor Confronts Him</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229005805/https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/richard-spencer-kicked-out-of-gym-following-confrontation.html">Archived</a> December 29, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Cut, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. Sarah Spellings, May 22, 2017</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/09/steve-bannon-has-a-nazi-problem">Steve Bannon has a Nazi problem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011141012/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/09/steve-bannon-has-a-nazi-problem">Archived</a> October 11, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Tina Nguyen, <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanity Fair (magazines)">Vanity Fair</a>, September 12, 2017</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yOGTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232">Days of Awe</a>. Atalia Omer, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, 2019</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeoples2016" class="citation news cs1">Peoples, Steve (July 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329031043/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/70541105d2f149cc9b7b6951d8a13e7a/energized-white-supremacists-cheer-trump-convention-message">"Energized White supremacists cheer Trump convention message"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>: <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 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Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Energized+White+supremacists+cheer+Trump+convention+message&rft.date=2016-07-24&rft.aulast=Peoples&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2F70541105d2f149cc9b7b6951d8a13e7a%2Fenergized-White-supremacists-cheer-trump-convention-message&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinesSaul2015" class="citation news cs1">Wines, Michael; Saul, Stephanie (July 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/06/us/white-supremacists-extend-their-reach-through-websites.html">"White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024105304/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/06/us/white-supremacists-extend-their-reach-through-websites.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=White+Supremacists+Extend+Their+Reach+Through+Websites&rft.date=2015-07-05&rft.aulast=Wines&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Saul%2C+Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F07%2F06%2Fus%2Fwhite-supremacists-extend-their-reach-through-websites.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelin2014" class="citation news cs1">Gelin, Martin (November 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html">"White Flight: America's White supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181019232517/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=White+Flight%3A+America%27s+White+supremacists+are+ignored+at+home.+So+they+are+looking+to+start+over+with+a+little+help+from+Europe%27s+far+right&rft.date=2014-11-13&rft.aulast=Gelin&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fforeigners%2F2014%2F11%2Fjared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelchGanim2016" class="citation news cs1">Welch, Chris; Ganim, Sara (December 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/06/politics/richard-spencer-interview-texas-am-speech/">"White Supremacist Richard Spencer: 'We reached tens of millions of people' with video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127095334/https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/06/politics/richard-spencer-interview-texas-am-speech/">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2020. 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Spencer president, National Policy Institute, a White-supremacist group". <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" title="The Chronicle of Higher Education">The Chronicle of Higher Education</a>. p. A6+.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=A+push+to+%27expand+White+privilege%27%3A+Richard+B.+Spencer+president%2C+National+Policy+Institute%2C+a+White-supremacist+group&rft.pages=A6%2B&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZalman2016" class="citation web cs1">Zalman, Jonathan (December 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/220458/neo-nazi-website-tells-readers-to-take-action-against-jews-including-children-on-behalf-of-richard-spencers-mother-in-montana">"Neo-Nazi Website Tells Readers to 'Take Action' Against Jews on Behalf of Richard Spencer's Mother in Montana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024073542/https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/220458/neo-nazi-website-tells-readers-to-take-action-against-jews-including-children-on-behalf-of-richard-spencers-mother-in-montana">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2018. 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Retrieved December 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Right+Wing+Watch&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer%3A+U.S.+Military+Should+Have+Enslaved+Haitians+After+Hurricane+Instead+Of+Providing+Relief&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rightwingwatch.org%2Fpost%2Frichard-spencer-u-s-military-should-have-enslaved-haitians-after-hurricane-instead-of-providing-relief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto7-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto7_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto7_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2018" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Michael E. 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He said that he pulled back from the [alt-right] movement in 2018, after the Michigan State event.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=%27Unite+the+Right%27+5+Years+Later%3A+Where+Are+They+Now%3F&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fhatewatch%2F2022%2F08%2F11%2Funite-right-5-years-later-where-are-they-now&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassett2022" class="citation web cs1">Bassett, Laura (June 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230303220613/https://jezebel.com/richard-spencer-bumble-dating-profile-moderate-1849062955?rev=1655259122223">"Richard Spencer Listed Himself on Bumble as Politically 'Moderate'"</a>. 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Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208172900/https://www.businessinsider.com/richard-spencer-bumble-profile-politically-moderate-report-2022-6">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer+disavowed+white+nationalism+after+being+spotted+on+Bumble+describing+himself+as+a+moderate%2C+report+says&rft.aulast=Ankel&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Frichard-spencer-bumble-profile-politically-moderate-report-2022-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTait2023" class="citation web cs1">Tait, Joshua (August 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/what-was-alt-right">"What Was the Alt-Right?"</a>. Tablet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901045952/https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/what-was-alt-right">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved September 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tablet&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+Alt-Right%3F&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft.aulast=Tait&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fsections%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fwhat-was-alt-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandaCluverius2023" class="citation journal cs1">Banda, Kevin K.; Cluverius, John (July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1532673X231157398">"White Americans' Evaluations of the Alt-Right"</a>. American Politics Research. 51 (4): 435–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1532673X231157398">10.1177/1532673X231157398</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1532-673X">1532-673X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Politics+Research&rft.atitle=White+Americans%27+Evaluations+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E435-%3C%2Fspan%3E442&rft.date=2023-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1532673X231157398&rft.issn=1532-673X&rft.aulast=Banda&rft.aufirst=Kevin+K.&rft.au=Cluverius%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1532673X231157398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2017-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWood2017_37-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFWood2017">Wood 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019224,_227-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019224,_227_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBar-On2019">Bar-On 2019</a>, pp. 224, 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019227_39-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREFBar-On2019">Bar-On 2019</a>, p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-MotherJones-Profile-2016-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MotherJones-Profile-2016_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MotherJones-Profile-2016_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkinson2016" class="citation news cs1">Harkinson, Josh (October 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist">"Meet The Dapper White Nationalist Who Wins Even If Trump Loses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030225130/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist/">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Meet+The+Dapper+White+Nationalist+Who+Wins+Even+If+Trump+Loses&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft.aulast=Harkinson&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F10%2Frichard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiedeman2017" class="citation web cs1">Wiedeman, Reeves (April 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/04/the-duke-lacrosse-scandal-and-the-birth-of-the-alt-right.html">"The Duke Lacrosse Scandal and the Birth of the Alt-Right"</a>. New York Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130205923/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/04/the-duke-lacrosse-scandal-and-the-birth-of-the-alt-right.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Duke+Lacrosse+Scandal+and+the+Birth+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.date=2017-04-14&rft.aulast=Wiedeman&rft.aufirst=Reeves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2017%2F04%2Fthe-duke-lacrosse-scandal-and-the-birth-of-the-alt-right.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile_42-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-bertrand-spencer-0">"Alternative Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515183758/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-bertrand-spencer-0">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=Alternative+Right&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fextremist-files%2Findividual%2Frichard-bertrand-spencer-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019226-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On2019226_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBar-On2019">Bar-On 2019</a>, p. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth2021" class="citation news cs1">Elizabeth, Williamson (September 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/05/us/politics/nazi-whitefish-charlottesville.html">"How a small-town silenced a Neo-Nazi hate campaign"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916120116/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/05/us/politics/nazi-whitefish-charlottesville.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+a+small-town+silenced+a+Neo-Nazi+hate+campaign&rft.date=2021-09-05&rft.aulast=Elizabeth&rft.aufirst=Williamson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fnazi-whitefish-charlottesville.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-makingsense5859-45"><a href="#cite_ref-makingsense5859_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2017" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, George (2017). Making Sense of the Alt-Right. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231185127" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231185127"><bdi>978-0231185127</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/987742156">987742156</a>. <q>Despite the innocuous name, NPI has since its inception been a White-nationalist organization. The organization was rather obscure and marginalized until Spencer was chosen as its new president in 2011, at which point Alternative Right became an NPI initiative.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F987742156&rft.isbn=978-0231185127&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adlasymbolofthenewwhitesupremacy-46"><a href="#cite_ref-adlasymbolofthenewwhitesupremacy_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820203622/https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy?_ga=2.52800234.356434171.1503091964-1785774701.1503091964">"Richard Spencer: A Symbol Of The New White Supremacy"</a>. Anti-Defamation League. May 14, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy?_ga=2.52800234.356434171.1503091964-1785774701.1503091964">the original</a> on August 20, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2017. <q>In 2010 and 2011, leaders of the now defunct racist student group, Youth for Western Civilization, invited Spencer to speak at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Providence College in Rhode Island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anti-Defamation+League&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer%3A+A+Symbol+Of+The+New+White+Supremacy&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fblog%2Frichard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy%3F_ga%3D2.52800234.356434171.1503091964-1785774701.1503091964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-huffingtonpostliebelsonmanwhoheld-47"><a href="#cite_ref-huffingtonpostliebelsonmanwhoheld_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiebelson2016" class="citation news cs1">Liebelson, Dana (October 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-white-nationalists_us_580129dde4b06e047594bc5f">"Man Who Held 'Better To Grab A P***y Than To Be One' Sign At Pro-Trump Rally Has Ties To White Nationalists"</a>. The Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811214124/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-white-nationalists_us_580129dde4b06e047594bc5f">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2017. <q>In 2010, Saucier's group invited Richard Spencer, a White nationalist who has since become a prominent member of the pro-Trump "alt-Right", to speak.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Man+Who+Held+%27Better+To+Grab+A+P%2A%2A%2Ay+Than+To+Be+One%27+Sign+At+Pro-Trump+Rally+Has+Ties+To+White+Nationalists&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft.aulast=Liebelson&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fdonald-trump-white-nationalists_us_580129dde4b06e047594bc5f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2017" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Jason (January 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/25/alt-right-movement-doxxing-richard-spencer-interview">"The weakening of the 'alt-right': how infighting and doxxing are taking a toll"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221193307/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/25/alt-right-movement-doxxing-richard-spencer-interview">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+weakening+of+the+%27alt-right%27%3A+how+infighting+and+doxxing+are+taking+a+toll&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjan%2F25%2Falt-right-movement-doxxing-richard-spencer-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter-IBT-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Porter-IBT_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2017" class="citation news cs1">Porter, Tom (March 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/meet-swedish-mining-tycoon-bankrolling-alt-rights-global-media-empire-1608221">"Meet Daniel Friberg, the Swedish mining tycoon bankrolling the alt-right's global media empire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="International Business Times UK">International Business Times UK</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220134146/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/meet-swedish-mining-tycoon-bankrolling-alt-rights-global-media-empire-1608221">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Meet+Daniel+Friberg%2C+the+Swedish+mining+tycoon+bankrolling+the+alt-right%27s+global+media+empire&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fmeet-swedish-mining-tycoon-bankrolling-alt-rights-global-media-empire-1608221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/fast-forward/360401/richard-spencer-and-white-supremacists-aim-for-bigger-platform-with-altrigh/">"Richard Spencer and White Supremacists Aim for Bigger Platform With 'AltRight.com'"</a>. The Forward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222121913/http://forward.com/fast-forward/360401/richard-spencer-and-white-supremacists-aim-for-bigger-platform-with-altrigh/">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer+and+White+Supremacists+Aim+for+Bigger+Platform+With+%27AltRight.com%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Ffast-forward%2F360401%2Frichard-spencer-and-white-supremacists-aim-for-bigger-platform-with-altrigh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/17/richard-spencer-launches-alt-right-website-martin-luther-king-jrs-birthday">"Richard Spencer Launches 'Alt-Right' Website on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, Birthday"</a>. Southern Poverty Law Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323201211/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/17/richard-spencer-launches-alt-right-website-martin-luther-king-jrs-birthday">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer+Launches+%27Alt-Right%27+Website+on+Martin+Luther+King%2C+Jr.%27s%2C+Birthday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fhatewatch%2F2017%2F01%2F17%2Frichard-spencer-launches-alt-right-website-martin-luther-king-jrs-birthday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519094622/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/arrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley/ar-BBzSqR9">"Arrests made as protesters clash at pro-Trump rally in Berkeley"</a>. www.msn.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/arrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley/ar-BBzSqR9">the original</a> on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.msn.com&rft.atitle=Arrests+made+as+protesters+clash+at+pro-Trump+rally+in+Berkeley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fus%2Farrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley%2Far-BBzSqR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/2a8xl/sa-vill-de-bygga-en-ny-vit-elit/promo">"Så vill Richard, 38, bygga en ny vit elit"</a>. Aftonbladet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519124001/http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/2a8xl/sa-vill-de-bygga-en-ny-vit-elit/promo">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftonbladet&rft.atitle=S%C3%A5+vill+Richard%2C+38%2C+bygga+en+ny+vit+elit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftonbladet.se%2Fnyheter%2Fa%2F2a8xl%2Fsa-vill-de-bygga-en-ny-vit-elit%2Fpromo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bobic-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Bobic_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobic2017" class="citation news cs1">Bobic, Igor (February 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-cpac_us_58af15c4e4b0780bac27263b?c9s4ya6r9ssq3erk9&">"White Nationalist Richard Spencer Booted Out Of CPAC"</a>. Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225212613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-cpac_us_58af15c4e4b0780bac27263b?c9s4ya6r9ssq3erk9&">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=White+Nationalist+Richard+Spencer+Booted+Out+Of+CPAC&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft.aulast=Bobic&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Frichard-spencer-cpac_us_58af15c4e4b0780bac27263b%3Fc9s4ya6r9ssq3erk9%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/charlottesville-protest-richard-spender-kkk-robert-e-lee-statue/">"Mayor: Torch-lit protest in Charlottesville, Va. "harkens back to the days of the KKK""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213249/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/charlottesville-protest-richard-spender-kkk-robert-e-lee-statue/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mayor%3A+Torch-lit+protest+in+Charlottesville%2C+Va.+%22harkens+back+to+the+days+of+the+KKK%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcharlottesville-protest-richard-spender-kkk-robert-e-lee-statue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2017" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Yair (August 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/08/14/jews-will-not-replace-us-why-white-supremacists-go-after-jews/">"'Jews will not replace us': Why white supremacists go after Jews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713223948/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/08/14/jews-will-not-replace-us-why-white-supremacists-go-after-jews/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Jews+will+not+replace+us%27%3A+Why+white+supremacists+go+after+Jews&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Yair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Facts-of-faith%2Fwp%2F2017%2F08%2F14%2Fjews-will-not-replace-us-why-white-supremacists-go-after-jews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden2017" class="citation news cs1">Hayden, Michael Edison (May 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/mayor-charlottesville-calls-pro-confederate-rallies-horrific/story?id=47404820">"Mayor of Charlottesville calls pro-Confederate rallies 'horrific'"</a>. ABC News. Charlottesville, Virginia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170514225047/http://abcnews.go.com/US/mayor-charlottesville-calls-pro-confederate-rallies-horrific/story?id=47404820">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Mayor+of+Charlottesville+calls+pro-Confederate+rallies+%27horrific%27&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Michael+Edison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fmayor-charlottesville-calls-pro-confederate-rallies-horrific%2Fstory%3Fid%3D47404820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/alt-rights-richard-spencer-leads-torch-bearing-protesters-defending-lee-statue/2017/05/14/766aaa56-38ac-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html">"White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170528041807/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/alt-rights-richard-spencer-leads-torch-bearing-protesters-defending-lee-statue/2017/05/14/766aaa56-38ac-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=White+nationalist+Richard+Spencer+leads+torch-bearing+protesters+defending+Lee+statue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fvirginia-politics%2Falt-rights-richard-spencer-leads-torch-bearing-protesters-defending-lee-statue%2F2017%2F05%2F14%2F766aaa56-38ac-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/14/528363829/richard-spencer-leads-group-protesting-sale-of-confederate-statue">"Richard Spencer Leads Group Protesting Sale Of Confederate Statue"</a>. NPR.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515022519/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/14/528363829/richard-spencer-leads-group-protesting-sale-of-confederate-statue">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer+Leads+Group+Protesting+Sale+Of+Confederate+Statue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F05%2F14%2F528363829%2Frichard-spencer-leads-group-protesting-sale-of-confederate-statue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Eli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/11/15/twitter-unverifies-prominent-white-nationalists-saying-check-marks-were-not-meant-as-endorsements/">"Twitter was slammed for verifying a white nationalist. It just took away his blue check mark"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314172050/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/11/15/twitter-unverifies-prominent-white-nationalists-saying-check-marks-were-not-meant-as-endorsements/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Twitter+was+slammed+for+verifying+a+white+nationalist.+It+just+took+away+his+blue+check+mark.&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-intersect%2Fwp%2F2017%2F11%2F15%2Ftwitter-unverifies-prominent-white-nationalists-saying-check-marks-were-not-meant-as-endorsements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWamsley2017" class="citation news cs1">Wamsley, Laurel (October 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/17/558294630/floridas-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-ahead-of-richard-spencer-speech">"Florida's Governor Declares State Of Emergency Ahead Of Richard Spencer Speech"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020070129/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/17/558294630/floridas-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-ahead-of-richard-spencer-speech">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Florida%27s+Governor+Declares+State+Of+Emergency+Ahead+Of+Richard+Spencer+Speech&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.aulast=Wamsley&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F10%2F17%2F558294630%2Ffloridas-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-ahead-of-richard-spencer-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-4nov2019-62"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-4nov2019_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2019" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Jason (November 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/04/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-racist-slurs-tape-milo-yiannopoulos">"White supremacist Richard Spencer makes racist slurs on tape leaked by rival"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191107010122/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/04/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-racist-slurs-tape-milo-yiannopoulos">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=White+supremacist+Richard+Spencer+makes+racist+slurs+on+tape+leaked+by+rival&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fnov%2F04%2Fwhite-supremacist-richard-spencer-racist-slurs-tape-milo-yiannopoulos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coaston-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coaston_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coaston_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoaston2019" class="citation web cs1">Coaston, Jane (November 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/11/4/20947833/richard-spencer-white-nationalism-audio-milo-alt-right">"Audio tape reveals Richard Spencer is, as everyone knew, a racist"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122042606/https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/11/4/20947833/richard-spencer-white-nationalism-audio-milo-alt-right">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Audio+tape+reveals+Richard+Spencer+is%2C+as+everyone+knew%2C+a+racist&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft.aulast=Coaston&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fidentities%2F2019%2F11%2F4%2F20947833%2Frichard-spencer-white-nationalism-audio-milo-alt-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Reid_Ross" title="Alexander Reid Ross">Ross, Alexander Reid</a> (November 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-richard-spencer-screams-he-s-a-nazi-when-will-cnn-book-him-next-1.8085361?=&ts=_1580669901577">"After Richard Spencer's anti-Semitic Tirade, Will the U.S. Media Now Stop Glamorizing Well-dressed White Nationalists?"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114015947/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-richard-spencer-screams-he-s-a-nazi-when-will-cnn-book-him-next-1.8085361?=&ts=_1580669901577">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=After+Richard+Spencer%27s+anti-Semitic+Tirade%2C+Will+the+U.S.+Media+Now+Stop+Glamorizing+Well-dressed+White+Nationalists%3F&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Reid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2F.premium-richard-spencer-screams-he-s-a-nazi-when-will-cnn-book-him-next-1.8085361%3F%3D%26ts%3D_1580669901577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlantic-HailTrump-ConferenceVideo-2016-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic-HailTrump-ConferenceVideo-2016_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLombrosoAppelbaum2016" class="citation news cs1">Lombroso, Daniel; Appelbaum, Yoni (November 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/richard-spencer-speech-npi/508379/">"'Hail Trump!': White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect"</a> (Includes excerpted video). <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521211612/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/richard-spencer-speech-npi/508379/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=%27Hail+Trump%21%27%3A+White+Nationalists+Salute+the+President-Elect&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.aulast=Lombroso&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Appelbaum%2C+Yoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2016%2F11%2Frichard-spencer-speech-npi%2F508379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaitin,_Daniel2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Chaitin, Daniel (February 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/libertarians-clash-with-richard-spencer-in-dc/article/2615263">"Libertarians clash with Richard Spencer in DC"</a>. Washington Examiner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107174706/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/libertarians-clash-with-richard-spencer-in-dc/article/2615263">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Examiner&rft.atitle=Libertarians+clash+with+Richard+Spencer+in+DC&rft.date=2017-02-18&rft.au=Chaitin%2C+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Flibertarians-clash-with-richard-spencer-in-dc%2Farticle%2F2615263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarajas" class="citation news cs1">Barajas, Joshua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/white-nationalist">"Nazi salutes 'done in a spirit of irony and exuberance', alt-right leader says"</a>. PBS NewsHour. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919190955/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/white-nationalist/">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Nazi+salutes+%27done+in+a+spirit+of+irony+and+exuberance%27%2C+alt-right+leader+says&rft.aulast=Barajas&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Frundown%2Fwhite-nationalist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Southern Poverty Law Center, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/06/09/paypal-co-founder-peter-thiel-address-white-nationalist-friendly-%E2%80%9Cproperty-and-freedom">"PayPal Co-Founder Peter Thiel to Address White Nationalist-Friendly "Property and Freedom Society" Conference in September</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202080809/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/06/09/paypal-co-founder-peter-thiel-address-white-nationalist-friendly-%E2%80%9Cproperty-and-freedom">Archived</a> February 2, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", June 9, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-AmericanRenaissanceConf-Speech-2013-69"><a href="#cite_ref-AmericanRenaissanceConf-Speech-2013_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2013" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Richard (April 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105043334/http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/facing-the-future-as-a-minority">"American Renaissance Conference: Facing the Future as a Minority"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">The National Policy Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/facing-the-future-as-a-minority">the original</a> on January 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=American+Renaissance+Conference%3A+Facing+the+Future+as+a+Minority&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npiamerica.org%2Fthe-national-policy-institute%2Fblog%2Ffacing-the-future-as-a-minority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MenckenClub-Opener-2013-70"><a href="#cite_ref-MenckenClub-Opener-2013_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2013" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Richard (May 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816212337/http://hlmenckenclub.org/2011-conference-audio/2013/5/6/richard-spencer-kicks-off-the-fourth-annual-hlmc-meeting">"Richard Spencer kicks off the Fourth Annual HLMC Meeting"</a>. 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The Chronicle of Higher Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129003526/http://www.chronicle.com/article/White-Supremacist-Describes/238515">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer%2C+White+Supremacist%2C+Describes+Goals+of+His+%27Danger+Tour%27+to+College+Campuses&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.com%2Farticle%2FWhite-Supremacist-Describes%2F238515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-insideprotestsgreetwhitesupre-72"><a href="#cite_ref-insideprotestsgreetwhitesupre_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaschik2016" class="citation news cs1">Jaschik, Scott (December 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/12/07/protests-greet-white-supremacist-texas-am">"Protests Greet White Supremacist at Texas A&M"</a>. 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Retrieved December 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=Protests+Greet+White+Supremacist+at+Texas+A%26M&rft.date=2016-12-07&rft.aulast=Jaschik&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fquicktakes%2F2016%2F12%2F07%2Fprotests-greet-white-supremacist-texas-am&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4642117/richard-spencer-punched-white-nationalist-nazi-trump-inauguration/">"Watch White Nationalist Richard Spencer Get Punched"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. January 20, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121060610/http://time.com/4642117/richard-spencer-punched-white-nationalist-nazi-trump-inauguration/">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Watch+White+Nationalist+Richard+Spencer+Get+Punched&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4642117%2Frichard-spencer-punched-white-nationalist-nazi-trump-inauguration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Paul P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched/index.html">"White nationalist Richard Spencer punched during interview"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121044708/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=White+nationalist+Richard+Spencer+punched+during+interview&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Paul+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F01%2F20%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStack2017" class="citation news cs1">Stack, Liam (January 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/richard-spencer-punched-attack.html">"Attack on Alt-Right Leader Has Internet Asking: Is It O.K. to Punch a Nazi?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124025144/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/richard-spencer-punched-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Attack+on+Alt-Right+Leader+Has+Internet+Asking%3A+Is+It+O.K.+to+Punch+a+Nazi%3F&rft.date=2017-01-22&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frichard-spencer-punched-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gainesvillesun-76"><a href="#cite_ref-gainesvillesun_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrange2017" class="citation web cs1">Strange, Deborah (August 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gainesville.com/news/20170816/uf-denies-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-campus-platform">"UF denies white nationalist Richard Spencer a campus platform"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Gainesville_Sun" title="The Gainesville Sun">The Gainesville Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818215556/http://www.gainesville.com/news/20170816/uf-denies-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-campus-platform">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2017. 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Inside Higher Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818110716/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/08/18/michigan-state-lsu-reject-supremacist-speaker">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=Michigan+State%2C+LSU+Reject+Supremacist+Speaker&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft.aulast=Jaschik&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fquicktakes%2F2017%2F08%2F18%2Fmichigan-state-lsu-reject-supremacist-speaker%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theadvocatewhitenationalistnotwelcome-78"><a href="#cite_ref-theadvocatewhitenationalistnotwelcome_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallard2017" class="citation news cs1">Ballard, Mark (August 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_5351036e-8391-11e7-ac47-1baae973bbe1.html">"White nationalist Richard Spencer is 'not welcome' on LSU campus, university president says"</a>. The Advocate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819020937/http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_5351036e-8391-11e7-ac47-1baae973bbe1.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2017. 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Retrieved September 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer%27s+Group+Sues+Michigan+State+U&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft.aulast=Roll&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fquicktakes%2F2017%2F09%2F05%2Frichard-spencer%25E2%2580%2599s-group-sues-michigan-state-u%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-detroitfreepressmsusuedbyricharspencer-80"><a href="#cite_ref-detroitfreepressmsusuedbyricharspencer_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesse2017" class="citation news cs1">Jesse, David (September 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/09/03/msu-sued-richard-spencers-white-supremacist-group-refusing-space-campus/630355001/">"MSU sued by Richard Spencer's white supremacist group for refusing space on campus"</a>. Detroit Free Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715020330/https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/09/03/msu-sued-richard-spencers-white-supremacist-group-refusing-space-campus/630355001/">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=MSU+sued+by+Richard+Spencer%27s+white+supremacist+group+for+refusing+space+on+campus&rft.date=2017-09-03&rft.aulast=Jesse&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmichigan%2F2017%2F09%2F03%2Fmsu-sued-richard-spencers-white-supremacist-group-refusing-space-campus%2F630355001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesofisrael.com_17Aug2017-81"><a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael.com_17Aug2017_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented">"White nationalist Richard Spencer tells Israelis that Jews are 'over-represented'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. August 17, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819072148/https://www.timesofisrael.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2018. <q>Alt-right leader describes himself as a 'white Zionist', saying he wants a secure homeland for 'my people' like the Jews have in Israel</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=White+nationalist+Richard+Spencer+tells+Israelis+that+Jews+are+%27over-represented%27&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fwhite-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYurieff2020" class="citation news cs1">Yurieff, Kaya (June 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/29/tech/white-supremacists-youtube/index.html">"YouTube removes Richard Spencer and David Duke a year after saying it would ban supremacists"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630082454/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/29/tech/white-supremacists-youtube/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=YouTube+removes+Richard+Spencer+and+David+Duke+a+year+after+saying+it+would+ban+supremacists&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.aulast=Yurieff&rft.aufirst=Kaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F06%2F29%2Ftech%2Fwhite-supremacists-youtube%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-83"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartocollis2017" class="citation news cs1">Hartocollis, Anemona (October 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/us/florida-richard-spencer.html">"University of Florida Braces for Richard Spencer"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715020330/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/us/florida-richard-spencer.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=University+of+Florida+Braces+for+Richard+Spencer&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hartocollis&rft.aufirst=Anemona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F10%2F17%2Fus%2Fflorida-richard-spencer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRozsaSvrugla2017" class="citation news cs1">Rozsa, Lori; Svrugla, Susan (October 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016235051/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/16/florida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event/">"Florida governor declares state of emergency in advance of Richard Spencer event"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/16/florida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event/">the original</a> on October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Florida+governor+declares+state+of+emergency+in+advance+of+Richard+Spencer+event&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft.aulast=Rozsa&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.au=Svrugla%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fgrade-point%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F16%2Fflorida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023072851/http://wfla.com/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-drowned-out-by-boos-at-uf-speech-call-for-firing-of-white-professors/">"Richard Spencer gets drowned out by boos at UF speech"</a>. wfla.com. October 19, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wfla.com/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-drowned-out-by-boos-at-uf-speech-call-for-firing-of-white-professors/">the original</a> (video) on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Spencer+gets+drowned+out+by+boos+at+UF+speech&rft.pub=wfla.com&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwfla.com%2F2017%2F10%2F19%2Frichard-spencer-drowned-out-by-boos-at-uf-speech-call-for-firing-of-white-professors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-shouted-down-university-florida-speech/781966001/">"'Go home, racist!' Richard Spencer shouted down at University of Florida speech"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213100532/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-shouted-down-university-florida-speech/781966001/">Archived</a> February 13, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/19/richard-spencer-protest-university-florida-speech-white-supremacist">"White supremacist Richard Spencer faces barrage of protest at Florida speech"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011000/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/19/richard-spencer-protest-university-florida-speech-white-supremacist">Archived</a> October 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/richard-spencer-shouted-down-florida-cuts-his-speech-short-689182">"Richard Spencer Shouted Down in Florida, Cuts his Speech Short"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205125703/https://www.newsweek.com/richard-spencer-shouted-down-florida-cuts-his-speech-short-689182">Archived</a> December 5, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_89-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gainesville.com/news/20171020/behind-scenes-logistics-at-protest-let-officers-control-chaos">"Behind-scenes logistics at protest let officers control chaos"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009024554/https://www.gainesville.com/news/20171020/behind-scenes-logistics-at-protest-let-officers-control-chaos">Archived</a> October 9, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gainesville_Sun" title="The Gainesville Sun">The Gainesville Sun</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelbourne2017" class="citation news cs1">Shelbourne, Mallory (October 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/356303-richard-spencer-speech-in-florida-ends-amid-protests/">"White nationalist Richard Spencer speech ends amid protests"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020045313/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/356303-richard-spencer-speech-in-florida-ends-amid-protests">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=White+nationalist+Richard+Spencer+speech+ends+amid+protests&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft.aulast=Shelbourne&rft.aufirst=Mallory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2F356303-richard-spencer-speech-in-florida-ends-amid-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeimRozsaHauslohnerSvrluga2017" class="citation news cs1">Heim, Joe; Rozsa, Lori; Hauslohner, Abigail; Svrluga, Susan (October 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171103135157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/18/uf/">"'Go home, Spencer!' Protesters disrupt white nationalist's speech at the University of Florida"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/18/uf/">the original</a> on November 3, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Go+home%2C+Spencer%21%27+Protesters+disrupt+white+nationalist%27s+speech+at+the+University+of+Florida&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft.aulast=Heim&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Rozsa%2C+Lori&rft.au=Hauslohner%2C+Abigail&rft.au=Svrluga%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fgrade-point%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F18%2Fuf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDearen2017" class="citation news cs1">Dearen, Jason (October 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/protesters-decry-nazi-hate-outside-white-nationalist-talk/">"White nationalist Spencer drowned out by protesters"</a>. The Seattle Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230920/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/protesters-decry-nazi-hate-outside-white-nationalist-talk/">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=White+nationalist+Spencer+drowned+out+by+protesters&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft.aulast=Dearen&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2Fprotesters-decry-nazi-hate-outside-white-nationalist-talk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news-press.com/story/news/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-uf-speech-live-coverage/778346001/">"Richard Spencer UF speech"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_News-Press" title="The News-Press">The News-Press</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4991724/richard-spencer-speech-shooting/">"3 Men Arrested After Shooting at Richard Spencer's University of Florida Speech"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thinkprogress.org/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-arrested-74f10096a721/">"White supremacist supporters of Richard Spencer open fire on counter-protesters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ThinkProgress" title="ThinkProgress">ThinkProgress</a>. October 20, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023115720/https://thinkprogress.org/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-arrested-74f10096a721/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThinkProgress&rft.atitle=White+supremacist+supporters+of+Richard+Spencer+open+fire+on+counter-protesters&rft.date=2017-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthinkprogress.org%2Fwhite-supremacist-richard-spencer-arrested-74f10096a721%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/blog/three-texas-men-arrested-following-richard-spencers-university-speech">"Three Texas Men Arrested Following Richard Spencer's University Speech"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022130008/https://www.adl.org/blog/three-texas-men-arrested-following-richard-spencers-university-speech">Archived</a> October 22, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> blog </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Deborah Strange, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gainesville.com/zz/news/20171020/three-supporters-of-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-arrested-after-shot-fired-at-florida-venue">Three supporters of white nationalist Richard Spencer arrested after shot fired at Florida venue</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033550/http://www.gainesville.com/zz/news/20171020/three-supporters-of-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-arrested-after-shot-fired-at-florida-venue">Archived</a> October 22, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gainesville Sun (October 20, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-98"><a href="#cite_ref-auto4_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023075758/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877">"Ohio State sued over refusal to let white nationalist Richard Spencer speak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. October 22, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877">the original</a> on October 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ohio+State+sued+over+refusal+to+let+white+nationalist+Richard+Spencer+speak&rft.date=2017-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2FwireStory%2Fohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MissoulaIndependent-NPI-2013-99"><a href="#cite_ref-MissoulaIndependent-NPI-2013_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakariassen2013" class="citation news cs1">Sakariassen, Alex (May 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122155048/http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/IndyBlog/archives/2013/05/13/rachel-maddow-calls-out-white-nationalist-nonprofit-in-flathead">"Rachel Maddow calls out white "nationalist" nonprofit in Flathead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Missoula_Independent" title="Missoula Independent">Missoula Independent</a>. 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The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220109151249/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/04/breaking-faith/517785/">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=America%27s+Empty-Church+Problem&rft.aulast=Beinart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2017%2F04%2Fbreaking-faith%2F517785%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2016" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Richard (November 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr5BQS79H7g&t=8m9s">"'We're Not Going Anywhere:' Watch Roland Martin Challenge White Nationalist Richard Spencer"</a>. YouTube.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012032227/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr5BQS79H7g&t=8m9s">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2017. <q>Martin: Are you a Christian? Spencer: I'm an cultural Christian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube.com&rft.atitle=%27We%27re+Not+Going+Anywhere%3A%27+Watch+Roland+Martin+Challenge+White+Nationalist+Richard+Spencer&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dyr5BQS79H7g%26t%3D8m9s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DallasNews-alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump-2017-150"><a href="#cite_ref-DallasNews-alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump-2017_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/elections/2017/10/19/alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump">"'Alt-Right' leader Richard Spencer has voted for Democrats in the past, including John Kerry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dallas News">The Dallas News</a>. October 19, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310193012/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/elections/2017/10/19/alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2018. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025190135/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/23/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-physical-abuse-divorce-filings">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=White+nationalist+Richard+Spencer+accused+of+physical+abuse+by+wife&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Foct%2F23%2Fwhite-supremacist-richard-spencer-physical-abuse-divorce-filings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2017/09/interview-nina-kouprianova-wife-of-alt-right-leader-richard-spencer">Richard Spencer's Russian Wife Talks Trump, Utopia: Full Interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203234302/http://observer.com/2017/09/interview-nina-kouprianova-wife-of-alt-right-leader-richard-spencer/">Archived</a> December 3, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Diana Bruk • 09/19/17 </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2017" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Richard (April 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1JJA6UiEio">"Richard Spencer's Full Q&A at Auburn University"</a>. 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Spencer: Yes</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube.com&rft.atitle=Richard+Spencer%27s+Full+Q%26A+at+Auburn+University&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dg1JJA6UiEio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Palmer, Ewan (October 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-accused-physical-abuse-wife-attacking-her-1184806">"White Nationalist Richard Spencer Accused of Physical Abuse by Wife, Attacking Her While Pregnant."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202125515/https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-accused-physical-abuse-wife-attacking-her-1184806">Archived</a> December 2, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Newsweek.com. 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New York: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-9888-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-9888-6"><bdi>978-1-9821-9888-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Pill%3A+How+I+Witnessed+the+Darkest+Corners+of+the+Internet+Come+to+Life%2C+Poison+Society%2C+and+Capture+American+Politics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-9888-6&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=Elle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-On2019" class="citation book cs1">Bar-On, Tamir (2019). "Richard B. Spencer and the Alt Right". In <a href="/wiki/Mark_Sedgwick" title="Mark Sedgwick">Sedgwick, Mark</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W0SCDwAAQBAJ">Key Thinkers of the Radical Right: Behind the New Threat to Liberal Democracy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 224–241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190877606" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190877606"><bdi>978-0190877606</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+B.+Spencer+and+the+Alt+Right&rft.btitle=Key+Thinkers+of+the+Radical+Right%3A+Behind+the+New+Threat+to+Liberal+Democracy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E224-%3C%2Fspan%3E241&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0190877606&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=Tamir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW0SCDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Wood_(journalist)" title="Graeme Wood (journalist)">Wood, Graeme</a> (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505">"His Kampf"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1072-7825">1072-7825</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=His+Kampf&rft.date=2017-06&rft.issn=1072-7825&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2017%2F06%2Fhis-kampf%2F524505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Spencer" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_B._Spencer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard B. 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nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by natural increase">Increase in birth rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Large families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Conspiracy theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurabia">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros#Conspiracy_theories_and_threats" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual agenda">Homosexual agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Murder of Seth Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident" title="USS Liberty incident">USS Liberty incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_(U.S._political_right)" title="Alternative media (U.S. political right)">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">DezNat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">Incel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="MAGA Communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)#Racial_issues" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultraconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Online culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infowars" title="Infowars">Infowars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_News" title="Rebel News">Rebel News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">Reddit (r/The_Donald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Memes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Beta male</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryballs" title="Countryballs">Countryballs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Merchant" title="Happy Merchant">Happy Merchant</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white" title="It's okay to be white">It's okay to be white</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPC_(meme)" title="NPC (meme)">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK gesture</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill" title="Red pill and blue pill">Red pill and blue pill</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_Death_Squad" title="Right Wing Death Squad">Right Wing Death Squad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serbia_Strong" title="Serbia Strong">Remove Kebab</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shadilay" title="Shadilay">Shadilay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_Doves" title="Trash Doves">Trash Doves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Pride" title="Deplorable Pride">Deplorable Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagolon" title="Diagolon">Diagolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred-Handers_(group)" title="Hundred-Handers (group)">Hundred-Handers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreich" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreich">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_of_Vinland" title="Wolves of Vinland">Wolves of Vinland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">Berkeley protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally" title="End Domestic Terrorism rally">End Domestic Terrorism rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman" title="Murder of Timothy Caughman">Murder of Timothy Caughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">Portland train attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys" title="Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys">Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_crimes_involving_the_Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles">Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew "weev" Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Theodore "Vox Day" Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">John Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Donovan (writer)">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py" title="Jean-François Gariépy">Jean-François Gariépy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(influencer)" title="Baked Alaska (influencer)">Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hyde" title="Sam Hyde">Sam Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson" title="Charles C. Johnson">Charles C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Ruuben Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski" title="Tom Kawcyznski">Tom Kawcyznski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Neo-Nazi)" title="Patrick Little (Neo-Nazi)">Patrick Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Loomer" title="Laura Loomer">Laura Loomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_(activist)" title="Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)">Jeremy MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GypsyCrusader" title="GypsyCrusader">Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_Egg_Nationalist" title="Raw Egg Nationalist">Raw Egg Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Ethan Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert" title="Bronze Age Pervert">Bronze Age Pervert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rousseau" title="Thomas Rousseau">Thomas Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Stevens" title="Brett Stevens">Brett Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosh_V" title="Roosh V">Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Lucian Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right" title="Responses to the alt-right">Opposition and criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Ian "Vaush" Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo_Studios" title="Innuendo Studios">Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_(journalist)" title="Robert Evans (journalist)">Robert Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Gorcenski" title="Emily Gorcenski">Emily Gorcenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins" title="Daryle Lamont Jenkins">Daryle Lamont Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Angela Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_(YouTuber)" title="Shaun (YouTuber)">Shaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy Tube">Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Donna Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-America:_The_Rise_of_the_Radical_Right_in_the_Age_of_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump">Alt-America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Goy_II" title="Angry Goy II">Angry Goy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain" title="Devil's Bargain">Devil's Bargain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feels_Good_Man" title="Feels Good Man">Feels Good Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German" title="I Don't Speak German">I Don't Speak German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Came_From_Something_Awful" class="mw-redirect" title="It Came From Something Awful">It Came From Something Awful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies" title="Kill All Normies">Kill All Normies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Fight" title="Knowledge Fight">Knowledge Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neo-Nazism59" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neo-Nazism" title="Template talk:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neo-Nazism59" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The III. Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Homeland_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Homeland (Germany)">The Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Alliance for Peace and Freedom">Alliance for Peace and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliansen_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliansen (Norway)">Alliansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentic_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentic Croatian Party of Rights">Authentic Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohti_Vapautta!" title="Kohti Vapautta!">Kohti Vapautta!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_Movement" title="Leviathan Movement">Leviathan Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Order_(Satanist_group)" title="Black Order (Satanist group)">Black Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Klans_of_America" title="Imperial Klans of America">Imperial Klans of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_United" title="Keystone United">Keystone United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misanthropic_Division" title="Misanthropic Division">Misanthropic Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Heidnische_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Heidnische Front">Deutsche Heidnische Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesinnungsgemeinschaft_der_Neuen_Front" title="Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front">Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alternative" title="German Alternative">German Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Immortals_(neo-Nazis)" title="The Immortals (neo-Nazis)">The Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landig_Group" title="Landig Group">Landig Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Offensive" title="National Offensive">National Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(Italy)" title="National Vanguard (Italy)">Avanguardia Nazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloed,_Bodem,_Eer_en_Trouw" title="Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw">Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Boys" title="Boot Boys">Boot Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_stroj" title="Nacionalni stroj">Nacionalni stroj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Irish_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Irish Workers Party">National Socialist Irish Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Front" title="Norwegian Front">Norwegian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Germanic_Army" title="Norwegian Germanic Army">Norwegian Germanic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nero" title="Ordine Nero">Ordine Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Danes" title="Party of the Danes">Party of the Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Hungarica_Movement" title="Pax Hungarica Movement">Pax Hungarica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkspartei_der_Schweiz" title="Volkspartei der Schweiz">Volkspartei der Schweiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Workers' Party (Czech Republic)">Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Social_Justice" title="Workers' Party of Social Justice">Workers' Party of Social Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nazi_Party" title="Canadian Nazi Party">Canadian Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_the_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" title="The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_March" title="Iron March">Iron March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_(United_States)" title="National Socialist League (United States)">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="National Socialist Party of New Zealand">National Socialist Party of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">National Unity Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_88" title="Unit 88">Unit 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution_(hate_group)" title="White Revolution (hate group)">White Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Allgier" title="Curtis Allgier">Curtis Allgier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Ewald_Althans" title="Bela Ewald Althans">Bela Ewald Althans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Armand_Amaudruz" title="Gaston-Armand Amaudruz">Gaston-Armand Amaudruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew Auernheimer/Weev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Beattie" title="William John Beattie">William John Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">René Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bolton" title="Kerry Bolton">Kerry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Borrego" title="Salvador Borrego">Salvador Borrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burdi" title="George Burdi">George Burdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Casey_(white_supremacist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Casey (white supremacist)">Patrick Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Chapman_(New_Zealand_activist)" title="Kyle Chapman (New Zealand activist)">Kyle Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Craig Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Collin" title="Frank Collin">Frank Collin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Blair Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Covington" title="Harold Covington">Harold Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Daniel Cowart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cvjetanovic" title="Peter Cvjetanovic">Peter Cvjetanovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Damigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Damigo">Nathan Damigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Françoise Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting#Suspect" title="Poway synagogue shooting">John Timothy Earnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Michael Peinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Erikson" title="Neil Erikson">Neil Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Bert Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Felton" title="Leo Felton">Leo Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alex_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="James Alex Fields">James Alex Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Jef François">Jef François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Roy Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Franklin" title="Joseph Paul Franklin">Joseph Paul Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Franco Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Mark Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(white_supremacist)" title="Paul Fromm (white supremacist)">Paul Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Anthime "Tim" Gionet/Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gliebe" title="Erich Gliebe">Erich Gliebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_Glimmerveen" title="Joop Glimmerveen">Joop Glimmerveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">Joshua Ryne Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gy%C5%91rk%C3%B6s" title="István Győrkös">István Győrkös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale" title="Matthew F. Hale">Matthew F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hartman_(Nazi_collaborator)" title="Jan Hartman (Nazi collaborator)">Jan Hartman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Hitler" title="Heath Hitler">Heath Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Kaldenberg" title="Wyatt Kaldenberg">Wyatt Kaldenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Kapi%C4%87" title="Virginia Kapić">Virginia Kapić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_King-Ansell" title="Colin King-Ansell">Colin King-Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koehl" title="Matthias Koehl">Matthias Koehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kreis" title="August Kreis">August Kreis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_K%C3%BCssel" title="Gottfried Küssel">Gottfried Küssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Kusters" title="Constant Kusters">Constant Kusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kuttner" title="Robert E. Kuttner">Robert E. Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lauck" title="Gary Lauck">Gary Lauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Adelheid_of_Lippe" title="Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe">Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Neo-Nazi)" title="Patrick Little (Neo-Nazi)">Patrick Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_Lund" title="Klas Lund">Klas Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Madole" title="James H. Madole">James H. Madole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Mahieu" title="Jacques de Mahieu">Jacques de Mahieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Mahler" title="Horst Mahler">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manson" title="Charles Manson">Charles Manson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Martell" title="Clark Martell">Clark Martell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Mathews" title="Robert Jay Mathews">Robert Jay Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Davud Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Mudde" title="Tim Mudde">Tim Mudde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindaugas_Murza" title="Mindaugas Murza">Mindaugas Murza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting">Wade Michael Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patler" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patler">John Patler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Vasillios_Pistolis" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Vasillios Pistolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._T._Ready" title="J. T. Ready">J. T. Ready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Riccio" title="Bill Riccio">Bill Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Russell" title="Brandon Russell">Brandon Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povl_Riis-Knudsen" title="Povl Riis-Knudsen">Povl Riis-Knudsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Robida" title="Jacob D. Robida">Jacob D. Robida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Roeder" title="Manfred Roeder">Manfred Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Rosenkranz" title="Horst Rosenkranz">Horst Rosenkranz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Fritz Rössler">Fritz Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Rost_van_Tonningen" title="Florentine Rost van Tonningen">Florentine Rost van Tonningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Jim Saleam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Schipper" title="Gary Schipper">Gary Schipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Paul Schlesselman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schmidt_(Waffen-SS)" title="Hans Schmidt (Waffen-SS)">Hans Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Schoep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Schoep">Jeff Schoep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Serrano" title="Miguel Serrano">Miguel Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekka_Siitoin" title="Pekka Siitoin">Pekka Siitoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiel_Smit" title="Michiel Smit">Michiel Smit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Independence_Day_weekend_shootings#Perpetrator" title="1999 Independence Day weekend shootings">Benjamin Nathaniel Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Suhayda" title="Rocky Suhayda">Rocky Suhayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings#Perpetrator" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Brenton Harrison Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Eugène Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Keith_Thompson" title="H. Keith Thompson">H. Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Tienen" title="Paul van Tienen">Paul van Tienen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tommasi" title="Joseph Tommasi">Joseph Tommasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tremaine" title="Terry Tremaine">Terry Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_van_Tongeren" title="Jack van Tongeren">Jack van Tongeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Veh" title="Russell Veh">Russell Veh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Verbeke" title="Siegfried Verbeke">Siegfried Verbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_White_(neo-Nazi)" title="Bill White (neo-Nazi)">Bill White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wolthuis" title="Jan Wolthuis">Jan Wolthuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Samuel_Woodward" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Samuel Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worch" title="Christian Worch">Christian Worch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Nazism" title="Category:Neo-Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unite_the_Right67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Template:Unite the Right rally"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Template talk:Unite the Right rally"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unite the Right rally"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unite_the_Right67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cvjetanovic" title="Peter Cvjetanovic">Peter Cvjetanovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Augustus Sol Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Kline" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliot Kline">Elliot Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Neo-Nazi)" title="Patrick Little (Neo-Nazi)">Patrick Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rousseau" title="Thomas Rousseau">Thomas Rousseau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Joseph_Von_Nukem" title="Teddy Joseph Von Nukem">Teddy Joseph Von Nukem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Concert_for_Charlottesville" title="A Concert for Charlottesville">A Concert for Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Conger" title="Molly Conger">Molly Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sines_v._Kessler" title="Sines v. Kessler">Sines v. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Irizarry was one of the coordinators, although he was unable to participate due to a family emergency </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_nationalism243" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_nationalism" title="Template:White nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_nationalism" title="Template talk:White nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_nationalism243" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Foundations and related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">Anti-African sentiment </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Anti-Mexican sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_intelligence" title="Race and intelligence">Race and intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">Racism against African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_student_unions" title="White student unions">White student unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_identity" title="White identity">White identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="White separatism">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Wotanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Celtic_cross.svg/80px-Celtic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Celtic_cross.svg/120px-Celtic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Celtic_cross.svg/160px-Celtic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_white_nationalist_organizations" title="List of white nationalist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_and_White_Front" title="Blue and White Front">Blue and White Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Comtois" title="Front Comtois">Front Comtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosank" title="Hosank">Hosank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Diversity_Foundation" title="Human Diversity Foundation">Human Diversity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobbik" title="Jobbik">Jobbik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noua_Dreapt%C4%83" title="Noua Dreaptă">Noua Dreaptă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Odin" title="Soldiers of Odin">Soldiers of Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorpost" title="Voorpost">Voorpost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Hour_Remnant_Messenger" title="11th Hour Remnant Messenger">11th Hour Remnant Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nationalist_Party_(2017)" title="Canadian Nationalist Party (2017)">Canadian Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European-American_Unity_and_Rights_Organization" title="European-American Unity and Rights Organization">European-American Unity and Rights Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Lobby" title="Liberty Lobby">Liberty Lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_White_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of White People">NAAWP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizens_Alliance" title="National Citizens Alliance">National Citizens Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement" title="Nationalist Movement">Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Canada" title="Nationalist Party of Canada">Nationalist Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Shop" title="Redneck Shop">Redneck Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Order_of_Thule" title="White Order of Thule">White Order of Thule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Front" title="New Zealand National Front">New Zealand National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">South Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">Afrikaner Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Conservative Party (South Africa)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommandokorps" title="Kommandokorps">Kommandokorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Front" title="South African National Front">South African National Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/White_power_music" title="White power music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave#Fashwave" title="Vaporwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Print media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktos_Media" title="Arktos Media">Arktos Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (publication)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Radio shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">America First with Nicholas J. Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:White_nationalism" title="Category:White nationalism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16217637#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata825" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16217637#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata825" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16217637#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkhGx9VV8X7pFWH6Ry8G3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1233227718">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810557578405606">Poland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1233227718">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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