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Reiser">Oliver L. Reiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_La_Verne_Twining" title="Harry La Verne Twining">Harry La Verne Twining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Robertson" title="Tricia Robertson">Tricia Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Roberts" title="Estelle Roberts">Estelle Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dunglas_Home" title="Daniel Dunglas Home">Daniel Dunglas Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtney_Brown" title="Courtney Brown">Courtney Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun%27s_curse" title="Tutankhamun's curse">Tutankhamun's curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilcock" title="David Wilcock">David Wilcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of..._(TV_series)" title="In Search of... (TV series)">In Search of... (TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Consciousness" title="Access Consciousness">Access Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija_board" title="Ouija board">Ouija board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritism" title="Spiritism">Spiritism</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Paranormal&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span><b>Chris:</b> How do you go about getting an exorcism? <br /> <b>Karras:</b> I beg your pardon? Well, the first thing — I'd have to get into a <a href="/wiki/Time_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time machine">time machine</a> and get back to the 16<sup>th</sup> century…</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<i>The Exorcist</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Exorcism</b> is the practice of purging <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">ghosts</a>, dark influences, malevolent spirits, lost souls, and/or <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> out of a <a href="/wiki/Demonic_possession" title="Demonic possession">possessed</a> person's body and/or <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>, a haunted house, a <a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">cursed</a> object, etc. </p><p>Exorcism usually involves invoking <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, doing funny dances, pouring <a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">holy water</a> or dangerous substances on the subject, <a href="/wiki/Pray" class="mw-redirect" title="Pray">praying</a>, sacrifices, <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> either by the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Clergy">clergy</a> or by the subject, among other things. It is generally performed by a member of the clergy or other holy dudes, or just <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">ambitious religious extremists</a>. It may include <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced interrogation">enhanced interrogation</a>; see examples of deaths below. </p><p>The idea of <a href="/wiki/Demonic_possession" title="Demonic possession">demonic possession</a> and exorcisms is present in many religions, including <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. It is officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> in which the practice is increasing in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> The Jewish dybbuk is very similar, but is usually perpetrated by a malicious dead person. </p><p>Notwithstanding the beliefs of the Catholic and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches, there is no reliable and testable <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a> of demonic possession occurring or even, for that matter, of demons existing. </p><p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas">Texas</a> supreme court ruled that a 17-year-old girl who was imprisoned and abused while <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinating</a> could not sue the church over damages done during the exorcism.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> In 2017, charges were brought against church members in the case of a <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <a href="/wiki/Gay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay">gay</a> man who was beaten and choked for 2 hours in an exorcism attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>A 2018 article reports that in the UK, suspicion of <a href="/wiki/Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch">witchcraft</a> and demonic activity has resulted in nearly 1,500 <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a> cases.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#In_Christianity"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">In Christianity</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Roman_Catholic_exorcism"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roman Catholic exorcism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Orthodox_exorcism"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Orthodox exorcism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Protestant_exorcism"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Protestant exorcism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Baptismal_exorcism"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Baptismal exorcism</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Other_religions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Other religions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Scientific_explanations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific explanations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Murder"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Murder</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_Christianity">In Christianity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In Christianity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg/165px-Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg/248px-Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg/330px-Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="817" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_the_exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac_from_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A 6<sup>th</sup> century CE mosaic depicting the Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac by Jesus (<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Mark#Mark_5:1" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Mark">Mark 5:1-20</a>; <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Matthew#Matthew_8:28" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Matthew">Matthew 8:28-34</a>; <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Luke#Luke_8:26" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Luke">Luke 8:26-39</a>)</div></div></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, Jesus cast out demons (<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Matthew#Matthew_8:16" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Matthew">Matthew 8:16</a>), an act which became the foundation for Christian exorcism, and it appears in Christian <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> as early as in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> in the 3<sup>rd</sup> century <a href="/wiki/CE" class="mw-redirect" title="CE">CE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>Demonic or other possession was at one time used to explain everything from basic illness to odd behavior of an individual, loss of memory (for example, after an accident), social problems like alcoholism and <a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" title="Drug abuse">drug abuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a>, and generally any opinion which was an embarrassment to an individual, their family, or the Church. As <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> began to provide explanations for illness, and as society became more accepting of different points of view, "possession" became more infrequent. </p><p>Small numbers of Christians accept exorcism in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. People being exorcised appear seriously distressed; believers say the demons rather than the people exorcised are distressed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>Michael Cuneo, a sociologist at Fordham University, says that there are 10 official Catholic exorcists in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and he estimates that there are 500-600 evangelical exorcism ministries.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Roman_Catholic_exorcism">Roman Catholic exorcism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic exorcism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Padre_fortea_darer.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Padre_fortea_darer.jpg/200px-Padre_fortea_darer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Padre_fortea_darer.jpg/300px-Padre_fortea_darer.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Padre_fortea_darer.jpg/400px-Padre_fortea_darer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Padre_fortea_darer.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Father José Antonio Fortea: blabby</div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_website" title="Vatican website">Vatican website</a> has this to say on Exorcism:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>When the Church asks publicly and authoritatively in the name of Jesus Christ that a person or object be protected against the power of the <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Evil One</a> and withdrawn from his dominion, it is called exorcism. <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> performed exorcisms and from him the Church has received the power and office of exorcising. In a simple form, exorcism is performed at the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a>. The solemn exorcism, called "a major exorcism," can be performed only by a priest and with the permission of the bishop. The priest must proceed with prudence, strictly observing the rules established by the Church. Exorcism is directed at the expulsion of demons or to the liberation from demonic possession through the spiritual authority which Jesus entrusted to his Church. Illness, especially psychological illness, is a very different matter; treating this is the concern of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical science</a>. Therefore, before an exorcism is performed, it is important to ascertain that one is dealing with the presence of the Evil One, and not an illness.</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> was filmed carrying out a possible exorcism in <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Apostle" title="Peter the Apostle">St Peter</a>'s Square. Francis has previously carried out exorcisms as did <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> has a body of exorcists that follow tightly regulated rules, most of which are kept secret from all but a very few church members.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> At least one official exorcist, José Antonio Fortea, was happy to blab at least some of the rules.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Catholic hierarchy is reviving interest in exorcism in hopes of reminding people that <a href="/wiki/Secular" title="Secular">secular</a> institutions are incapable of dealing with demons while the church, of course, can.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> They will probably not be trying to revive interest in the 1976 killing of Anneliese Michel by two priests (Ernst Alt and Arnold Renz) via exorcism in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michel-17">[17]</a></sup> </p><p>A victim named "Susan" apparently survived an <s>assault</s> unofficial exorcism conducted by future <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> </p><p>One famous case was "Roland Doe", a fourteen-year-old boy in St Louis, USA, who was exorcised several times by multiple priests in the late 1940s. The boy, who was also known as Robbie Manheim, was reportedly brought to St. Louis, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> for treatment. One of the priests, Raymond J. Bishop (not a bishop) wrote a book, <i>The Exorcist Diaries</i> about the case. It also inspired William Peter Blatty's 1971 novel <i>The Exorcist</i>, which in turn inspired William Friedkin's film of the same name. The exact circumstances have been debated, with various <a href="/wiki/Journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalist">journalists</a> and writers (including Mark Opsasnick and Thomas B. Allen) claiming to unravel the hidden truth: most people believe the teenage boy Doe had emotional problems or a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric">psychiatric</a> condition rather than a demon. It is not clear exactly how many exorcisms were performed, or what their nature was, or even if they took place at all, but it appears likely that Bishop and William S. Bowdern, both priests who also taught at the Catholic St. Louis University, performed some kind of ritual. And the boy seemed to survive OK, with Opsasnick claiming to have contacted him in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Orthodox_exorcism">Orthodox exorcism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Orthodox exorcism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> also believes in Satan as a created being and a fallen angel with <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> who always chooses to do evil.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[note 1]</a></sup> The Devil can possess people and objects. As with Roman Catholics, <a href="/wiki/Priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest">priests</a> do exorcisms and renunciation of the Devil is part of baptism. Lay Orthodox believers are also encouraged to "pray and exorcise evil". There are specific <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a> for exorcism.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup> Orthodox exorcism can involve physical restraints on the <s>victim</s> <s>patient</s> subject.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protestant_exorcism">Protestant exorcism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protestant exorcism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Protestant" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist">fundamentalist</a> churches are less regulated in their use of exorcism, leading to violent and occasionally deadly attempts to exorcise unwilling and/or uncomprehending victims.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-23">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cornici_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornici-24">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2-25">[24]</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas">Texas</a>, forcible exorcism is legal or was legal in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></sup> </p><p>Exorcisms are needed because society <s>is often skeptical about the teachings of the more hard-line Christian groups</s> has lost its moral compass. According to J. F. Cogan, demonic possession is behind a wide range of happenings, including gay ordination, women's ordination, and even <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_human_combustion" title="Spontaneous human combustion">spontaneous human combustion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup> People can get themselves possessed by a range of activities that <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian fundamentalists">Christian fundamentalists</a> dislike, such as viewing <a href="/wiki/Porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Porn">porn</a>, illicit <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drug</a> abuse, and even rock music. <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrologers</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">psychics</a> are vulnerable to demonic possession, as are those who do <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> meditation. Demons may time share; they torment one person, then rush off at a speed slightly below the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> to torment someone else. Therefore, possessed people may be worked up one moment and calm the next when the demon has gone off to a fresh victim.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>In evangelical Protestantism, exorcism is often practiced as part of a broader <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_warfare" title="Spiritual warfare">spiritual warfare</a> agenda. In an even more ludicrous variety, exorcisms are performed at long distance over the telephone by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Larson" title="Bob Larson">Bob Larson</a> or over the television by <a href="/wiki/Name_it_and_claim_it" title="Name it and claim it">name it and claim it</a> preachers ("laaay your hands on the television set"). </p><p>Protestant exorcism (<a href="/wiki/Deliverance_ministry" title="Deliverance ministry">deliverance ministry</a>) is frequently a way <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">televangelists</a> make money; even teenagers do tele-exorcism.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup> Other people also make money through exorcism by selling scary books, etc. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In the UK, exorcisms are increasing; they happen mainly in charismatic and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> churches, also among communities of West African origin. Frequently, the people exorcised are psychiatrically disturbed. Psychiatrically ill people are sometimes told to stop their medication, as the church believes prayer and/or exorcism is sufficient. If psychiatric patients do not get better after exorcism, they may believe they have failed to overcome the demon and <a href="/wiki/Placebo_effect#Nocebo_effect" title="Placebo effect">get worse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Baptismal_exorcism">Baptismal exorcism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Baptismal exorcism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Some form of exorcism prior to <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> is common to many forms of Christianity going back to the 4th century: typically with some evil spirit being banished from the baby to let god in.<sup id="cite_ref-burreson_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burreson-31">[30]</a></sup> Baptism includes aspects of exorcism to address the horror of the infant coming into contact with its mother's icky <a href="/wiki/Sexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual">sexual</a> <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>: traditional <a href="/wiki/Misogynistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogynistic">misogynistic</a> belief held that such contact caused (or allowed) an <a href="/wiki/Evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Evil">evil</a> spirit to enter the child.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[note 2]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> revised the baptismal rite to include the hocus-pocus: "I adjure thee, thou unclean spirit, by the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost that thou come out of and depart from this servant of Jesus Christ". However, some Protestants, including <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, rejected this as papal nonsense, and it was dropped from much of <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> in the 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup> century.<sup id="cite_ref-burreson_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burreson-31">[30]</a></sup> Many varieties of Christianity have chosen to welcome young children in a more friendly way; the Catholic rite of baptism still includes a "prayer of exorcism", but it no longer invokes horror movie imagery.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_religions">Other religions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other religions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg/165px-Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="108" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg/248px-Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg/330px-Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinhalese_mask_used_in_exorcism_Wellcome_L0037217.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A Sinhalese mask used in exorcism, from Sri Lanka</div></div></div> <p>Exorcism is also practiced in other religions. In 2013, three family members in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> were jailed for crushing a girl to death in an attempted <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> exorcism.<sup id="cite_ref-Chua_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chua-35">[33]</a></sup> In 2014, a <a href="/wiki/Belgian" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian">Belgian</a> court charged 6 people with the death by <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> of a woman in an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> exorcism that lasted one month.<sup id="cite_ref-Hachmi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hachmi-36">[34]</a></sup> </p><p>Exorcism is also found in <a href="/wiki/Voodoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Voodoo">Voodoo</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a></sup> and other folk and syncretic religions.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[note 3]</a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus" class="extiw" title="wp:Josephus" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Josephus">Josephus</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> reported witnessing an exorcism,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a></sup> though being a decentralized religion that has changed much in the intervening millennia, exorcism has been described throughout Jewish history.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a></sup> In contemporary Judaism, spirit possession and exorcism appears to be restricted to non-<a href="/wiki/Western" title="Western">Western</a> (particularly non-Ashkenazi) Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Scientific_explanations">Scientific explanations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scientific explanations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> do not identify any such thing as "possession"; but rather regard the apparent symptoms as <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_denial" title="Mental illness denial">misdiagnosis of different psychological conditions</a> or social conditioning. In at least one exorcism that mentalist <a href="/wiki/Jan_Helles%C3%B8e" title="Jan Hellesøe">Jan Hellesøe</a> witnessed <a href="/wiki/Bob_Larson" title="Bob Larson">Bob Larson</a> perform, the subject had previously been diagnosed with a personality disorder, and the results of the exorcism were later replicable purely with <a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">hypnosis</a> on someone else with <i>no</i> diagnosed psychiatric disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a></sup> </p><p>Although validity of exorcism would be a tough argument for <a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">theism</a>, it surprisingly isn't brought up in debates very much. It could be that even the theists realize that exorcism is <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">bollocks</a>, or it's a <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> theme among them. Or perhaps it's one of the few areas where they understand that what seems obvious to them isn't obvious to other people. Given that they often do appear to elicit some sort of response from the person undergoing the exorcism, and given that not everyone undergoing an exorcism wants to be undergoing an exorcism (such as those who are <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a>), one theoretical argument from a scientific perspective could be that the effect of people yelling and screaming at you is enough to elicit an emotional response. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Murder">Murder</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Murder">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The job of exorcist would seem to be perfect for a <a href="/wiki/Psychopath" title="Psychopath">psychopathic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sadist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadist">sadist</a>. They are usually able to get away with anything short of murder: kidnapping, torture, and general mayhem. Here are some cases where the psychopaths were caught: </p> <ul><li>In 1976, one of the most famous exorcism killings occurred: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneliese_Michel" class="extiw" title="wp:Anneliese Michel" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Anneliese Michel">Anneliese Michel</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> was starved and dehydrated to death by parents and priests.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michel-17">[17]</a></sup> Three films were based on <s>true stories</s> this case, <i>The Exorcism of Emily Rose</i>, <i>Requiem</i>, and <i>Anneliese: The Exorcist Tapes</i>.</li> <li>In 1993, Joan Vollmer died of a heart attack induced by her husband and 2 friends.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1995, Kyong-A Ha was beaten to death by 5 women.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1995, Mary Odegbami was killed by her fiancé, Nicholas Sagunro.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1997, Kyung Jae Chung was stomped to death by Jin Hyun Choi under the guise of "anchal <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1997, Breeann Spickard was beaten to death by Julia Ann Olivas and Esther Rebecca Griggs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1997, Amy Burney was poisoned to death; her mother Angelee Burney and grandmother Rosa Downing were charged.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1997, Chua Wan Zuen was crushed to death by 8 people, including family members.<sup id="cite_ref-Chua_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chua-35">[33]</a></sup></li> <li>In 1998, Charity Miranda-Martin was asphyxiated; her mother and daughter were charged with murder.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2001, Signifagance Oliver was drowned by her mother, Sabrina Wright.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2003, Terrance Cottrell Jr. was suffocated by Ray Hemphill.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, Maricica Irina Cornici, a nun, was crucified. The monk who led the <s>murder ceremony</s> exorcism only received 7 years' imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cornici_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornici-24">[23]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, Kousar Bashir was beaten to death by Mohammed Bashir (no relation) and Nourani Sayeed.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, Faranah Essop was beaten to death.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2006, Malissa Mayfield was murdered by David Maxwell Shepherd.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2007, Janet Moses was drowned; 5 people were found guilty.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2007, an unnamed granddaughter was strangled to death by Ronald Marquez.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, Jan David Clark was arrested for killing his wife, Susan Kay Clark, who was asphyxiated.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, Shashi Devi was beaten to death by relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, Evelyn Vasquez was fatally slashed by her mother, Nelly Vasquez-Salazar.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2010, Amora Bain Carson was killed by Blaine Keith Milam and mother Jessica Carson.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2012, Latifa Hachmi was tortured to death over a period of one month.<sup id="cite_ref-Hachmi_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hachmi-36">[34]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2014, Norell Harris and Zyana Harris were stabbed to death by their mother, Zakieya L. Avery.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-23">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2-25">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, Jaqueline Sanchez died from cardiac arrest during an exorcism in San Ignacio, Bolivia. The victim also had bruising and lacerations.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/German" class="mw-redirect" title="German">German</a> police arrested 5 unidentified <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> family members in connection with exorcisms. Two other unidentified South Korean women were found, one dead and the other injured. The victims were bound, gagged, and beaten for hours; the survivor was also suffering from hypothermia.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2016, Jack Gian Banday, a 5-year old boy, was beaten and strangled to death in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> during an exorcism ritual inside a church by 3 relatives who were later arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2017, Vilma Trujillo Garcia was burned to death after being thrown naked into flames during an exorcism ritual in Nicaragua.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2018, Juanita Gomez was found guilty of murdering her 33-year old daughter in an exorcism attempt by shoving a <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> down her throat.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a></sup></li> <li>In 2018, Vietnamese singer Nguyen Viet Cuong (a.k.a., Chau Viet Cuong) was accused of killing a woman in an exorcism while under the influence of drugs. The woman died from asphyxiation after being force-fed garlic cloves.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>Catholic Encyclopedia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05709a.htm">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517062259/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmP_AKDHPKE">An example of</a> <s>acting</s> exorcism.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">Brainwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deliverance_ministry" title="Deliverance ministry">Deliverance ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonic_possession" title="Demonic possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Manchester" title="Seán Manchester">Seán Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_Panic" title="Satanic Panic">Satanic Panic</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">If Satan truly is free, why is he incapable of choosing good?</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wait, "evil of the vagina"? That sounds more like <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>. See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegare" class="extiw" title="wp:Kegare" rel="nofollow">Kegare</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example the Wikipedia article on the Malay <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dukun" class="extiw" title="wp:dukun" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: dukun">dukun</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> which includes their role as exorcist.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Exorcist_%28film%29#Regan_MacNeil">The Exorcist (film)</a> <i>Wikiquote</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p2s2c4a1.htm#1673"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i>, §1673</a> <i>Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-usa/2020/10/exorcism-increasingly-frequent-including-after-us-protests/">https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-usa/2020/10/exorcism-increasingly-frequent-including-after-us-protests/</a> Exorcism: Increasingly frequent, including after US protests] by David Crary (Oct 31, 2020) <i>AP</i> via <i>Crux</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25423465/ns/us_news-faith/t/court-exorcism-protected-law/#.VHE0fvnIZ1g">Court: Exorcism is protected by law. Texas justices throw out jury award after teenager alleged church ordeal</a> (updated 6/28/2008 5:21:28 AM ET) <i>NBC News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/02/gay-man-says-church-members-beat-choked-him-for-hours-to-expel-homosexual-demons/?utm_term=.6256d3b1d68f&wpisrc=nl_mix&wpmm=1">Gay man says church members beat, choked him for hours to expel 'homosexual demons'</a> by Samantha Schmidt (June 2 at 6:08 AM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/06/exorcists-catholic-evangelical-church-child-abuse-new-inquisition">Exorcists are back – and people are getting hurt</a> by Deborah Hyde (6 Mar 2018 08.00 EST) <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de/index.php/2019/09/20/old-coptic-magical-texts-iv-the-bilingual-exorcism-of-pgm-iv/">Old Coptic Magical Texts IV: The Bilingual Exorcism of PGM IV</a> (20<sup>th</sup> September 2019) <i>Coptic Magical Papyri: Vernacular Religion in the Late Roman and Early Islamic Egypt, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">About.com Paranormal Phenomena <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paranormal.about.com/od/demonsandexorcism/a/aa031405_2.htm">Exorcism in Russia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=92541&page=1">Exorcism Thriving in U.S., Say Experts</a> <i>ABC News</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty</i> by Michael W. Cuneo (2001). Doubleday. ISBN 0385501765.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427082302/http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c4a1.htm">Part Two: The Celebration of the Christian Mystery</a> <i>Vatican Archives</i> (archived from April 27, 2021).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/video-emerges-of-pope-francis-reportedly-performing-an-exorcism-8624934.html">Video emerges of Pope Francis reportedly performing an exorcism</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/20/did-pope-francis-perform-an-exorcism_n_3308839.html">Did Pope Francis Perform An Exorcism?</a> by Michael Day (22 May 2013 10:24) <i>The Independent</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exorcismus.org/exorcism-and-exorcists/212-who-is-an-exorcist">Who can perform exorcism?</a> <i>Queen of the Rosary Foundation</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the book, <i>Summa Daemoniaca: Tratado de Demonología y Manual de Exorcistas</i> by José Antonio Fortea (2020) Almuzara. ISBN 8416921768. Also translated into Italian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/13/us/13exorcism.html">For Catholics, Interest in Exorcism Is Revived</a> by Laurie Goodstein (12 November 2010) <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michel-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Michel_17-0">17.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Michel_17-1">17.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lessons Learned: The Anneliese Michel Exorcism</i> by John M. Duffey (2011) Wipf & Stock. 1608996646.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409063143/http://www.newoxfordreview.org/article.jsp?did=1294-jindal">Beating a Demon: Physical Dimensions of Spiritual Warfare</a> by Bobby Jindal (December 1994) <i>New Oxford Review</i> (archived from April 9, 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distractify.com/p/was-the-exorcism-of-roland-doe-real">Did the Exorcism of Roland Doe — aka "The Real" 'Exorcist' Story — Actually Happen?</a> by Amber Garrett (May. 19 2020, Updated 3:02 p.m. ET) <i>Distractify</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406204653/http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7079/">Exorcism in the Orthodox Church</a> by George C. Papademetriou (1996) <i>Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</i> (archived from April 6, 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060406005715/http://paranormal.about.com/od/demonsandexorcism/a/aa031405_2.htm/od/demonsandexorcism/a/aa031405.htm">Exorcism in Russia: Deliverances in Russia</a> by Stephen Wagner, <i>About.com</i> (archived from April 6, 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris_23-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris_23-1">22.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/19/justice/maryland-exorcism-deaths/">Maryland mom kills 2 of her children during attempted exorcism</a> by Faith Karimi & Joe Sutton (Updated 0405 GMT; January 20, 2014) <i>CNN</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornici-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cornici_24-0">23.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cornici_24-1">23.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726062457/http://news.discovery.com/human/psychology/priest-involved-in-exorcism-death-released-from-prison-140722.htm">Exorcism Death Priest Released from Prison</a> by Benjamin Radford (Jul 22, 2014 06:00 PM ET) <i>Discovery News</i> (archived from July 26, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2_25-0">24.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2_25-1">24.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/self-described-demon-assassin-pleads-guilty-to-killing-her-two-youngest-children/2016/09/12/f5d2ddb0-78d4-11e6-beac-57a4a412e93a_story.html">Self-described 'demon assassin' pleads guilty to killing her two youngest children</a> by Dan Morse (September 12, 2016) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2008/06/28/texas-court-approves-traumatic/">Texas court approves traumatic exorcisms</a> by Pharyngula (Paul Z. Meyers) (June 28, 2008) <i>Science Blogs</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.ilahas.com/ebooks/demonology/Cogan,%20JF%20-%20Demon%20Possession%20Handbook.pdf">Demon Possession Handbook: For Human Service Workers</a> by J. F. "Jeff" Cogan (2004) DiskBooks Electronic Publishing (archived from March 11, 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_exor4.htm">Demonic Possession, Oppression & Exorcism: Conservative Protestant Beliefs & Practices</a> by B.A. Robinson (Latest update: 2006-Nov-30) <i>Religious Tolerance</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23986595">Teen exorcists: The girls who expel demons on stage</a> by Lucy Wallis (10 September 2013) <i>BBC News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/05/christian-thinktank-warns-of-rise-in-exorcisms-mental-health">'Spiritual abuse': Christian thinktank warns of sharp rise in UK exorcisms</a> by Harriet Sherwood (5 Jul 2017 04.47 EDT) <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burreson-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-burreson_31-0">30.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-burreson_31-1">30.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcsletstalk.org/dealing-with-the-devil/command-unclean-spirit-depart-role-exorcism-lutheran-initiation-rites/">"I command you, you unclean spirit, depart": The Role of Exorcism in Lutheran Initiation Rites</a> by Kent Burreson (July 3, 2016) <i>Metropolitan Chicago Synod: Let's Talk</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_exor2.htm">Demonic Possession & Oppression; Exorcism: Roman Catholic beliefs & practices</a> by B. A. Robinson (Latest update: 2010-Mar-13) <i>Religious Tolerance</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibreviary.com/m/preghiere.php?tipo=Rito&id=103">Prayers: Rite of baptism for one child</a> <i>iBreviary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chua-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chua_35-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chua_35-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202015926/http://news.sky.com/story/1175340/malaysia-family-jailed-over-exorcism-death">Malaysia: Family Jailed Over 'Exorcism' Death: The parents and an uncle of a two-year-old girl are jailed after crushing her to death while trying to "drive away evil spirits".</a> (12:11pm UK, 29 November 2013) <i>Sky News</i> (archived from December 2, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hachmi-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hachmi_36-0">34.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hachmi_36-1">34.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/14/214122.html">Belgium court charges six people in deadly exorcism of Muslim woman</a> (14 May 2012) <i>Alarabiya News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822173036/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/7/haiti-ancient-traditions-voodoo/">Haiti: Possessed by Voodoo</a> by Sharon Guynup (July 7, 2004) <i>National Geographic</i> (archived from Aug.ust 22, 2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblestudytools.com/history/flavius-josephus/antiquities-jews/book-8/chapter-2.html">Flavius Josephus (translated by William Whiston), <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> Book 8 Ch. 2 §5.</a> <i>Bible Study Tools</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5942-exorcism">Exorcism</a> by Kaufmann Kohler & Ludwig Blau (1906) <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/members/sigs/spirituality-spsig/jews-don%27t-do-that-do-they-kate-loewenthal.pdf">Spirit possession: Jews don’t do that, do they?</a> by Kate Miriam Loewenthal (2012) <i>Royal College of Psychiatrists</i> (UK).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dr.dk/tv/se/fuckr-med-dn-hjrne-de-7-doedssynder/fucker-med-din-hjerne-saeson-3/fuckr-med-dn-hjrne-de-7-doedssynder-8-10">Fuckr med dn hjerne: Eksorcisten</a> Season 3 Episode 8, Danmarks Radio (in a mix of Danish and English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/jdK3g">Exorcism of God-fearing Joan Vollmer led to her bizarre and violent death in country Victoria</a> by Keith Moor (January 30, 2013 12:00AM) <i>Herald Sun</i> (archived from 3 Nov 2014 22:28:09 UTC).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/5-Women-Accused-of-Murder-In-East-Bay-Exorcism-3040337.php">5 Women Accused of Murder In East Bay Exorcism Death</a> by Photo of Henry K. Lee (March 17, 1995; Updated: Feb. 4, 2012 7:42 p.m.) <i>SFGate</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/exorcist-killed-his-fiancee-1523587.html">'Exorcist' killed his fiancee</a> (23 October 2011 03:59) <i>The Independent</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-22/local/me-31335_1_deacon-pleaded-guilty-friday">Deacon Pleads Guilty in Exorcism; Agrees to Testify in Woman's Death</a> by Ann W. O'Neill (Feb. 22, 1997 12 AM PT) <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1997/oct/15/local/me-42918">Women Convicted of Killing Girl in Exorcism</a> by Matea Gold (October 15, 1997) <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/20/nyregion/a-family-divided-by-a-child-s-death.html">A Family Divided by a Child's Death</a> by Rachel L. Swarns (May 20, 1997) <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/21/nyregion/sister-of-dead-long-island-teen-ager-offers-account-of-killing-in-exorcism.html">Sister of Dead Long Island Teen-Ager Offers Account of Killing in Exorcism</a> by John T. McQuiston (Jan. 21, 1998) <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nypost.com/2003/06/26/exorcist-mom-admits-drowning-girl/">'Exorcist' Mom Admits Drowning Girl</a> by Laura Italiano (June 26, 2003) <i>New York Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/minister-charged-in-exorcism-death/">Minister Charged In Exorcism Death</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inclusiondaily.com/archives/04/08/20/082004wicottrell.htm">Hemphill Sentenced Over Boy's "Exorcism" Death</a> by Dave Reynolds (August 20, 2004) <i>Inclusion Daily Express</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ex-monk-gets-7-years-for-botched-exorcism/">Ex-Monk Gets 7 Years For Botched Exorcism</a> by Dave Reynolds (August 20, 2004) <i>Inclusion Daily Express</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/human-torch-dad-devastated-by-daughters-1025847">Human torch dad devastated by daughter’s death: A Father haunted by the torture and murder of his daughter during an "exorcism" died after setting himself on fire — just days after the sudden death of his wife.</a> (09:28, 14 Aug 2007; Updated 02:19, 18 Jan 2013) <i>Manchester Evening News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/woman-dies-after-brutal-exorcism-1.254985#.VFU-4db0Q7c">Woman dies after brutal exorcism</a> by Doreen Premdev (Oct 2, 2005) <i>Independent Online</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310154753/http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/215444">Occult murder: Man said sex would exorcise demons</a> (Last updated 00:00 01/01/2009) <i>AAP</i> via <i>Stuff</i> (archived from March 10, 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionnewsblog.com/23502/verdict-janes-moses-exorcism-death">Five people found guilty in Janet Moses exorcism death</a> (June 13, 2009) <i>Religion News Blog</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/exorcism-ends-in-deadly-stun-gun-struggle/">Exorcism Ends In Deadly Stun-Gun Struggle</a> (July 30, 2007 / 7:17 AM) <i>CBS News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionnewsblog.com/20533/susan-kay-clark">Autopsy shows suffocation in exorcism death</a> (February 5, 2008) <i>Religion News Blog</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Ghaziabad_3_men_beat_mother_to_death/articleshow/2989248.cms">3 young men beat mother to death in exorcism ritual</a> by Lalit Kumar (Apr 28, 2008, 06:08 IST).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/US/Story?id=4626892&page=1">Mom Fatally Slashes 'Demon' Daughter</a> by David Schoetz (April 13, 2009, 10:05 PM) <i>ABC News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Conroe-jury-hears-horrific-details-of-injuries-to-1696955.php">Conroe jury hears horrific details of injuries to slain baby</a> by Renée Lee (May 6, 2010; Updated: Aug. 2, 2011 4:01 p.m.) <i>Houston Chronicle</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kltv.com/story/12555159/blaine-milam-receives-death-penalty-for-childs-murder">Blaine Milam receives death penalty for child's murder</a> by Morgan Chesky (Published: May. 27, 2010 at 3:57 PM UTC | Updated: May. 28, 2010 at 7:40 PM UTC) <i>KLTV</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Woman-Charged-With-Stabbing-Children-in-Exorcism-Enters-Guilty-Plea-288829341.html">Woman Charged With Stabbing Children in 'Exorcism' Enters Guilty Plea</a> (Published January 16, 2015 • Updated on January 16, 2015 at 10:24 pm) <i>4 NBC Washington</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eju.tv/2015/11/san-ignacio-muere-una-mujer-paro-cardiaco-familiares-indican-estaba-poseida/">San Ignacio: Muere una mujer de un paro cardíaco, sus familiares indican que estaba poseída</a> (25/11/2015-17:23) <i>Eju TV</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/09/five-south-koreans-arrested-exorcism-death-frankfurt-germany">Five South Koreans held over 'exorcism' death in Germany: Relatives allegedly tied woman to bed, gagged and severely beat her for two hours with the goal of 'driving out the devil'</a> <i>Agence France-Presse</i> in Berlin (Wednesday 9 December 2015 13.30 EST) <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/766406/3-in-deadly-exorcism-rites-that-killed-5-year-old-boy-nabbed">3 in deadly exorcism rites that killed 5-year-old boy nabbed</a> (11:00 PM February 19th, 2016) <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/03/01/she-was-demonized-nicaraguan-woman-dies-after-being-thrown-into-fire-in-exorcism-ritual/">'She was demonized': Nicaraguan woman dies after being thrown into fire in exorcism ritual</a> by Samantha Schmidt (March 1 at 6:16 AM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/01/11/she-forced-a-crucifix-down-her-possessed-daughters-throat-now-shes-convicted-of-murder/">She forced a crucifix down her 'possessed' daughter’s throat. Now, she's convicted of murder.</a> by Marwa Eltagouri (January 12 at 7:14 AM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/vietnamese-singer-arrested-over-woman-s-death-during-exorcism-10018764">Vietnamese singer arrested over woman's death during 'exorcism' ritual: Report</a> 06 Mar 2018 10:43PM (Updated: 06 Mar 2018 10:50PM) <i>Channel NewsAsia</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&oldid=2713562">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Exorcism&oldid=2713562</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: 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