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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scandinavian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Use in names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabetization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabetization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Alphabetization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabetization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Danish_and_Norwegian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danish_and_Norwegian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Danish and Norwegian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danish_and_Norwegian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Swedish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_transcription" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_transcription"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>International transcription</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_transcription-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finnish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finnish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Finnish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finnish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emilian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emilian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Emilian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emilian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walloon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walloon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Walloon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walloon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istro-Romanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istro-Romanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Istro-Romanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istro-Romanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Javanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Javanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Javanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Javanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chamorro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamorro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chamorro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chamorro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenlandic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenlandic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Greenlandic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenlandic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbol_for_ångström" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbol_for_ångström"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Symbol for ångström</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbol_for_ångström-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>On computers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similarly_styled_trademarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarly_styled_trademarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Similarly styled trademarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarly_styled_trademarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Å</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(lletra)" title="Å (lletra) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Å (lletra)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5)" title="Å (латин хәрефе) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Å (латин хәрефе)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(lletra)" title="Å (lletra) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Å (lletra)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(bogstav)" title="Å (bogstav) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Å (bogstav)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(letra)" title="Å (letra) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Å (letra)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(lettre)" title="Å (lettre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Å (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="Å үзг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Å үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(b%C3%B3kstafur)" title="Å (bókstafur) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Å (bókstafur)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(raid%C4%97)" title="Å (raidė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Å (raidė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(letter)" title="Å (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Å (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(bokstav)" title="Å (bokstav) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Å (bokstav)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(litera)" title="Å (litera) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Å (litera)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Å (латиница) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Å (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(p%C3%ADsmeno)" title="Å (písmeno) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Å (písmeno)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="Å (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Å (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Å" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Letter A with overring</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"A-ring" redirects here. For the ring of Saturn, see <a href="/wiki/A_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="A Ring">A Ring</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/%C3%85_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Å (disambiguation)">Å (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/%C3%85" title="Special:EditPage/Å">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%C3%85%22">"Å"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22%C3%85%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%C3%85%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22%C3%85%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22%C3%85%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22%C3%85%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:white; color:black;;">A with Overring</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;">Å å</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Ǻ ǻ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg/220px-Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg/330px-Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg/440px-Latin_letter_A_with_ring_above.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1190286162">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd ul{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;min-width:1.57em;padding:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span>]</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+00C5, U+00E5, U+212B</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Aa_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aa (digraph)">AA aa</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ao (digraph)">AO ao</a><ul style="margin-left:0.45em;"><li><b>Å å</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">Ǻ ǻ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The letter <b>Å</b> (<b>å</b> in lower case) represents various (although often similar) <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">sounds</a> in several languages. It is a separate letter in <a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish alphabet">Finnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect">Transylvanian Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walloon_orthography" title="Walloon orthography">Walloon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamorro alphabet">Chamorro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lule_Sami" title="Lule Sami">Lule Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pite_Sami" title="Pite Sami">Pite Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami">Southern Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ume_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ume Sami">Ume Sami</a>, Pamirian languages, and <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic alphabet">Greenlandic</a> alphabets. Additionally, it is part of the <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabets</a> used for some <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austro-Bavarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Bavarian">Austro-Bavarian</a> <a href="/wiki/German_dialects" title="German dialects">dialects</a> of <a href="/wiki/German_alphabet" title="German alphabet">German</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Å is derived from <a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> by adding an <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">overring</a>, it is typically considered a separate <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a>. It developed as a form of semi-<a href="/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligature</a> of an <i>A</i> with a smaller <i>o</i> above it to denote a rounding of the long /a/ in <a href="/wiki/Old_Danish" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Danish">Old Danish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sandersen2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandersen2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scandinavian_languages">Scandinavian languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Scandinavian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="nowrap">⟨Å⟩</span> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet">Danish and Norwegian alphabet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Swedish alphabet</a>. In Danish, <span class="nowrap">⟨å⟩</span> may represent the phonemes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɒ/</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 100">: 100 </span></sup> while it may represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ]</span> in Norwegian<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 343–345">: 343–345 </span></sup> and Swedish.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> had a long vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aː/</span> (sometimes spelled <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">á</a>⟩</span>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Medieval writing often used doubled letters for long vowels, writing the vowel as <span class="nowrap">⟨aa⟩</span>. From around 1200, the vowel underwent rounding towards <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a>]</span> to such a degree that it started to show up in the written language by using <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span>. In manuscripts from 1300-1400, a word like <i>blaa</i> ('blue', modern spelling <span class="nowrap">⟨blå⟩</span>) could also be spelled <span class="nowrap">⟨blao⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨blo(o)⟩</span>, sometimes with an added line.<sup id="cite_ref-sandersen2002_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandersen2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_Swedish" title="Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a> the use of the ligature <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a> and of <a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a> (originally also a variant of the ligature Œ) that represented the sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ø]</span> respectively were gradually replaced by new letters. Instead of using ligatures, a <a href="/wiki/Minuscule" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuscule">minuscule</a> (that is, lower-case) <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> was placed above the letters <a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> and <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> to create new <a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">graphemes</a>, which later evolved into the modern letters <a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> was simplified into the two dots now referred to as an <a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">umlaut</a>. Similarly, a minuscule O was placed on top of an A to create a new letter which was used in place of the digraph <a href="/wiki/Aa_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aa (digraph)">Aa</a>. It was first used in <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">print</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa_Bible" title="Gustav Vasa Bible">Gustav Vasa Bible</a> published in 1541 and replaced <a href="/wiki/Aa_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aa (digraph)">Aa</a> in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an attempt to modernize the orthography, linguists tried to introduce the Å to Danish and Norwegian writing in the 19th century. Most people felt no need for the new letter, as the letter group <i>Aa</i> had already been pronounced like Å for centuries in Denmark and Norway. Aa was usually treated as a single letter, spoken like the present Å when spelling out names or words. Orthography reforms making Å official were carried out in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> in 1917 and in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> in 1948. According to Jørgen Nørby Jensen, senior consultant at <a href="/wiki/Dansk_Sprogn%C3%A6vn" title="Dansk Sprognævn">Dansk Sprognævn</a>, the cause for the change in Denmark was a combination of anti-German and pro-Nordic sentiment.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Danish had been the only language apart from German and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a> to use <a href="/wiki/Capitalization#Nouns" title="Capitalization">capitalized nouns</a> in the last decades, but abolished them at the same time. </p><p>In a few names of Danish cities or towns, the old spelling has been retained as an option due to local resistance, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aabenraa" title="Aabenraa">Aabenraa</a>; however, Ålborg and Åbenrå are the spellings recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Dansk_Sprogn%C3%A6vn" title="Dansk Sprognævn">Danish Language Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1948 and 2010, the city of <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> was officially spelled <i>Århus</i>. However, the city has reverted to the <i>Aa</i> spelling starting 2011, in a controversial decision citing internationalization and <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">web</a> compatibility advantages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faroese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese alphabet">Faroese</a> are the only North Germanic languages not to use the <i>å</i>. The Old Norse letter <i>á</i> is retained, but the sound it now expresses is a diphthong, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[au]</span> in Icelandic and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔa]</span> in Faroese. The short variation of Faroese á is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span>, though. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_names">Use in names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use in names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some place names, the old <i>Aa</i> spelling dominates, more often in Denmark than in Norway (where it has been abolished in official use since 1917). Locals of <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Aalborg</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Aabenraa</i></span></i> resist the Å, whereas <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Ålesund</i></span></i> is rarely seen with Aa spelling. Official rules allow both forms in the most common cases, but Å is always correct. Å as a word means "small river" in Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian and can be found in place names. </p><p>Before 1917, when spelling with the double A was common, some Norwegian place names contained three or four consecutive A letters: for instance <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Haaa</i></span></i> (now <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Håa</i></span></i>, a river) and <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Blaaaasen</i></span></i> (<i>Blååsen</i>, 'the blue ("blå") ridge ("ås")'). </p><p>In family names, the bearer of the name uses Aa or Å according to their choice, but since family names are inherited they are resistant to change and the traditional Aa style is often kept. For instance, the last name <i><a href="/wiki/Aagaard" title="Aagaard">Aagaard</a></i> is much more common than <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%85g%C3%A5rd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ågård">Ågård</a></i>. The surname Aa is always spelled with double A, never with the single <i>å</i>. However, given names - which are less commonly inherited - have largely changed to the use of the Å. For instance, in Norway more than 12,000 male citizens spell their name <i>Håkon</i>, while only around 2,500 are named <i><a href="/wiki/Haakon_(given_name)" title="Haakon (given name)">Haakon</a></i>. </p><p>Company names are sometimes spelled with the double A by choice, usually in order to convey an impression of old-fashionedness or traditionality. The double A, representing a single sound, is usually kept in initials e.g. for people whose first, middle, and/or last name begins with the double A. Accordingly, a man named "Hans Aagard Hauge" would spell his initials "H. Aa. H." (not "H. A. H." nor "H. Å. H."), while a woman named Aase Vestergaard would spell her initials "Aa. V." (not "A. V." nor "Å. V."). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alphabetization">Alphabetization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alphabetization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Danish_and_Norwegian">Danish and Norwegian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Danish and Norwegian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Correct <a href="/wiki/Alphabetical_order" title="Alphabetical order">alphabetization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Danish_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Alphabet">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">Norwegian</a> places Å as the last letter in the <a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet">alphabet</a>, the sequence being <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a>, Å. This is also true for the alternative spelling "Aa". Unless manually corrected, sorting algorithms of programs localized for Danish or Norwegian place <i>e.g.,</i> <i>Aaron</i> after <i>Zorro</i>. </p><p>In Danish the correct sorting of aa depends on pronunciation: If the sound is pronounced as one sound it is sorted as Å regardless of the sound is 'a' or 'å'; thus, for example, the German city <i><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></i> is listed under <i>Å,</i> as well as the Danish city <i><a href="/wiki/Aabenraa" title="Aabenraa">Aabenraa</a></i>. This is §3 in the Danish <i>Retskrivningsreglerne</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swedish">Swedish</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Swedish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish alphabet">Finnish</a> alphabets, Å is <a href="/wiki/Collation" title="Collation">sorted</a> after <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>, as the third letter from the end, the sequence being Å, <a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a>. This is easiest to remember across the Nordic languages, that Danish and Norwegian follow Z first with E-mutated letters Æ and Ø and then the symbol with a one-stroke diacritic Å. Swedish and Finnish follow Z with a one-stroke diacritic Å and then a two-stroke (or two-dot) diacritic Ä, Ö. A combined Nordic sorting mnemonic is Æ, Ø, Å, Ä, Ö. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_transcription">International transcription</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: International transcription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alternative spellings of the Scandinavian Å have become a concern because of globalization, and particularly because of the popularization of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. This is to a large extent due to the fact that prior to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">IDNA</a> system around 2005, internet domains containing Scandinavian letters were not recognized by the <a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a>, and anyway do not feature on keyboards adapted for other languages. While it is recommended to keep the Å intact wherever possible, the next best thing is to use the older, double A spelling (e.g. "www.raade.com" instead of "www.råde.com"). This is because, as previously discussed, the Å/Aa indicates a separate sound. If the Å is represented as a common A without the overring (e.g. "www.rade.com") there is no indication that the A is supposed to represent another sound entirely. Even so, representing the Å as just an A is particularly common in Sweden, as compared to Norway and Denmark, because the spelling Aa has no traditional use there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finnish">Finnish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Finnish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg/220px-Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg/330px-Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg/440px-Pois_pakkoruotsi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>The fact that Å is a common letter in Swedish while having no native use in Finnish has led to it being used as a concise symbol for the Swedish language in Finland, as in this campaign to rid Finnish schools of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Swedish" title="Mandatory Swedish">Mandatory Swedish</a>. The phrase reads "Away with enforced Swedish".</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish alphabet">Finnish alphabet</a> is derived from the Swedish alphabet, Å is carried over, but it has no native Finnish use and is treated as in Swedish. Its usage is limited to loanwords (the Finnish academic dictionary <i>Kielitoimiston sanakirja</i>, about 100,000 words, has only one word containing Å: <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">ångström</a></i>) and names of Swedish, Danish or Norwegian origin. In Finland there are many Swedish-speaking as well as many Finnish-speaking people with Swedish surnames, and many Swedish surnames include Å. In addition, there are many geographical places in the Finnish coastal areas and archipelago that have å in their Swedish names, such as <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A5k%C3%B6" title="Kråkö">Kråkö</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5ngn%C3%A4s" title="Långnäs">Långnäs</a>, as well as the Finnish autonomic region of <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a>, a group of islands midst between Sweden and Finland where almost all natives speak Swedish. The Finnish name for Å is <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">ruotsalainen oo</i></span> ("Swedish O"), and is pronounced identically to <i>O</i>, which has the value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o̞]</span>. (Note that in Swedish, the sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oː]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ]</span> may be represented by <i>Å</i> or <i>O</i>, but <i>O</i> also represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[uː]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊ]</span>.) </p><p>The substitution <i>aa</i> for <i>å</i> is not allowed in Finnish, because <i>aa</i> is already a common letter combination with the value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑː]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emilian">Emilian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Emilian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Emilian_dialect" title="Emilian dialect">Emilian</a>, å is used to represent the <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">open-mid back unrounded vowel</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʌ]</span>, like the <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a> pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> in "<b>u</b>p", e.g. Modenese dialect <span title="Emilian-language text"><i lang="egl">åmm</i></span>, <span title="Emilian-language text"><i lang="egl">dånna</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʌmː]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdʌnːa]</span> "man, woman"; </p><p>e.g. Bolognese dialect <span title="Emilian-language text"><i lang="egl">Bulåggna</i></span>, <span title="Emilian-language text"><i lang="egl">dåpp</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[buˈlʌɲːa]</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdʌpː]</span> "<a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, later". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Walloon">Walloon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Walloon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letter å was introduced to some eastern local variants of <a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a> at the beginning of the 16th century and initially noted the same sound as in Danish. Its use then spread to all eastern dialects, under the cultural influence of <a href="/wiki/Liege" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege">Liege</a>, and covered three sounds, a long open <i>o</i>, a long closed <i>o</i>, or a long <i>a</i>, depending on the local varieties. The use of a single <i>å</i> letter to cover such pronunciations has been embraced by the more recent <a href="/wiki/Walloon_orthography#Common_Walloon" title="Walloon orthography">pan-Walloon orthography</a> (<span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">rifondou</i></span> or Common Walloon), with one orthography for words regardless of the local phonetic variations. </p><p>In non-standardized writings outside the Liege area, words containing <i>å</i> are written with <i>au</i> / <i>ô</i> (representing the same sound) or <i>â</i>. For example, the word <span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">måjhon</i></span> (house) in the standardized orthography is spelled <span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">môjo(n)</i></span>, <span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">mâhon</i></span>, <span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">maujon</i></span> in dialectal writings (<span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa">mohone</i></span> is another form that does not contain a long å). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istro-Romanian">Istro-Romanian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Istro-Romanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_language" title="Istro-Romanian language">Istro-Romanian</a> alphabet is based on the standard <a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">Romanian alphabet</a> with three additional letters used to mark sounds specific only to this language: å, ľ and ń. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Javanese">Javanese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Javanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Javanese_orthography" title="Javanese orthography">Javanese</a> uses å to indicate <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">open-mid back rounded vowel</a> ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span>⟩ together with ó (o acute). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chamorro">Chamorro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chamorro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Å and <i>å</i> are also used in the practical orthography of <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>, a language indigenous to the people of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>. Unmarked <i>a</i> represents the <a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">low front unrounded vowel</a>, while <i>å</i> represents the <a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">low back rounded vowel</a>. The Chamorro name for Guam is <span title="Chamorro-language text"><i lang="ch">Guåhån</i></span>, and its capital is called <span title="Chamorro-language text"><i lang="ch">Hagåtña</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greenlandic">Greenlandic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Greenlandic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>, <i>å</i> is not used in native words, but is used in several loanwords from Danish, such as <i>båndoptageri</i> (Danish <i>båndoptager</i>) 'tape recorder'. Like in Danish, <i>å</i> is sorted last in the alphabet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbol_for_ångström"><span id="Symbol_for_.C3.A5ngstr.C3.B6m"></span>Symbol for ångström</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Symbol for ångström"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letter "Å" (U+00C5) is also used as the international symbol for the non-<a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> unit <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">ångström</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Physical_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical unit">physical unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a> named after the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Jonas Ångström">Anders Jonas Ångström</a>. It is always <a href="/wiki/Uppercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppercase">uppercase</a> in this context (symbols for units named after people are generally uppercase). The ångström is equal to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>−10</sup> m</span> (one ten-billionth of a meter) or <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990100000000000000♠"></span>0.1 nm</span>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, the unit is encoded as <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+212B</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Å</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">ANGSTROM SIGN</span>. However, it is <a href="/wiki/Unicode_normalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode normalization">canonically equivalent</a> to the ordinary letter Å. The duplicate encoding at U+212B is due to round-trip mapping compatibility with an East-Asian <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a>, but is otherwise not to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_computers">On computers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: On computers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/220px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/330px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/440px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Danish keyboard with keys for <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a> and Å.<br />On Norwegian keyboards the Æ and Ø trade places.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Å</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">å</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Å</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ǻ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ǻ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273787049">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;font-family:monospace;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;font-family:monospace;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">ANGSTROM SIGN </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>197</td> <td>U+00C5</td> <td>229</td> <td>U+00E5</td> <td>8491</td> <td>U+212B</td> <td>506</td> <td>U+01FA</td> <td>507</td> <td>U+01FB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>195 133</td> <td>C3 85</td> <td>195 165</td> <td>C3 A5</td> <td>226 132 171</td> <td>E2 84 AB</td> <td>199 186</td> <td>C7 BA</td> <td>199 187</td> <td>C7 BB </td></tr> <tr class="template-charmap-numchr"> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#197;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xC5;<wbr /></td> <td>&#229;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xE5;<wbr /></td> <td>&#8491;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x212B;<wbr /></td> <td>&#506;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1FA;<wbr /></td> <td>&#507;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x1FB;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2">&Aring;, &angst;</td> <td colspan="2">&aring;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>103</td> <td>67</td> <td>71</td> <td>47</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_8859" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859">ISO 8859</a>-<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">1</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-9">9</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-10" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-10">10</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-13">13</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-14" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-14">14</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-15" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-15">15</a></td> <td>197</td> <td>C5</td> <td>229</td> <td>E5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">alt code</a></td> <td colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd></td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>Mac keycode</td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ <a href="/wiki/Option_key" title="Option key">Option</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd></td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ <a href="/wiki/Option_key" title="Option key">Option</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a></td> <td colspan="2">\AA</td> <td colspan="2">\aa</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similarly_styled_trademarks">Similarly styled trademarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Similarly styled trademarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> team known as the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> is a capital "A" with a halo. Due to the resemblance, some Angels fans stylize the name as "Ångels". </p><p>The logo of the <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate" title="Stargate">Stargate</a></i> series similarly features a stylized A with a circle above it, making it resemble an Å as in Stargåte; in Norwegian, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">gåte</i></span> means "riddle". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>'s Koozå production uses this character in its logo, although it is pronounced by the main singer as a regular "a". </p><p>British producer and singer <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5psley" title="Låpsley">Låpsley</a> uses it in her stage name. </p><p>Italian rock band <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5neskin" title="Måneskin">Måneskin</a> uses it in their name. </p><p>The American rock band <a href="/wiki/CKY_(band)" title="CKY (band)">CKY</a> use the letter Å on the cover of their 2005 album <a href="/wiki/An_Answer_Can_Be_Found" title="An Answer Can Be Found">An Answer Can Be Found</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Á</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ring above (Cyrillic)">A with ring above (Cyrillic)</a>, a letter used in the <a href="/wiki/Selkup_language" title="Selkup language">Selkup language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a> (A and combining ring above (U+030A), Å å, or o above (U+0366), Aͦ aͦ, resembles Å å)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLiLfnPar3s"><i>The Sound of the Austro-Bavarian language- Salzburg dialect (Numbers, Greetings & Story)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-01</span></span> – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sound+of+the+Austro-Bavarian+language-+Salzburg+dialect+%28Numbers%2C+Greetings+%26+Story%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRLiLfnPar3s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sandersen2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sandersen2002_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sandersen2002_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSandersen2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Sandersen, Vibeke (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsn.dk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/september-2002-pdf.pdf">"Om bogstavet å"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ny fra Sprognævnet</i>. September<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ny+fra+Sprogn%C3%A6vnet&rft.atitle=Om+bogstavet+%C3%A5&rft.volume=September&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Sandersen&rft.aufirst=Vibeke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsn.dk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F01%2Fseptember-2002-pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBasbøll2005" class="citation book cs1">Basbøll, Hans (2005). <i>The Phonology of Danish</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198242680" title="Special:BookSources/9780198242680"><bdi>9780198242680</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Danish&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780198242680&rft.aulast=Basb%C3%B8ll&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristoffersen2007" class="citation book cs1">Kristoffersen, Gjert (2007). <i>The Phonology of Norwegian</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199229321" title="Special:BookSources/9780199229321"><bdi>9780199229321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Norwegian&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199229321&rft.aulast=Kristoffersen&rft.aufirst=Gjert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pettersson (1996), p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaren_Munk_Ebbesen2018" class="citation web cs1">Karen Munk Ebbesen (22 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyheder.tv2.dk/samfund/2018-03-22-70-aar-uden-dobbelt-a-bolle-aa-fylder-rundt">"70 år uden dobbelt-a – bolle-å fylder rundt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tv2.dk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tv2.dk">tv2.dk</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tv2.dk&rft.atitle=70+%C3%A5r+uden+dobbelt-a+%E2%80%93+bolle-%C3%A5+fylder+rundt&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.au=Karen+Munk+Ebbesen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyheder.tv2.dk%2Fsamfund%2F2018-03-22-70-aar-uden-dobbelt-a-bolle-aa-fylder-rundt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/retskrivningsregler_mv/retskrivningsregler/a7-1-6/a7-3-a-og-dobbelt-a">Orthography rules, §3.2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100513222810/http://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/retskrivningsregler_mv/retskrivningsregler/a7-1-6/a7-3-a-og-dobbelt-a">Archived</a> 2010-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, sproget.dk (in Danish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"§ 3. Å og dobbelt-a". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsn.dk/ordboeger/retskrivningsordbogen/%c2%a7-1-6-bogstaver-og-tegn/%c2%a7-3-aa-og-dobbelt-a/"><i>Retskrivningsordbogen</i></a> [<i>Spelling Dictionary</i>] (in Danish) (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dansk_Sprogn%C3%A6vn" title="Dansk Sprognævn">Dansk Sprognævn</a>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+3.+%C3%85+og+dobbelt-a&rft.btitle=Retskrivningsordbogen&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Dansk+Sprogn%C3%A6vn&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsn.dk%2Fordboeger%2Fretskrivningsordbogen%2F%25c2%25a7-1-6-bogstaver-og-tegn%2F%25c2%25a7-3-aa-og-dobbelt-a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922175451/https://www.guampedia.com/chamorro-orthography-rules/">"Chamorro Orthography Rules"</a>. <i>Guampedia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guampedia.com/chamorro-orthography-rules/">the original</a> on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guampedia&rft.atitle=Chamorro+Orthography+Rules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampedia.com%2Fchamorro-orthography-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGillam2003" class="citation book cs1">Gillam, Richard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wn5sXG8bEAcC&pg=PA74"><i>Unicode Demystified: A Practical Programmer's Guide to the Encoding Standard</i></a>. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780201700527" title="Special:BookSources/9780201700527"><bdi>9780201700527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unicode+Demystified%3A+A+Practical+Programmer%27s+Guide+to+the+Encoding+Standard&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780201700527&rft.aulast=Gillam&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwn5sXG8bEAcC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%85" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pettersson, Gertrud (1996), <i>Svenska språket under sjuhundra år: en historia om svenskan och dess utforskande</i>, Lund: <a href="/wiki/Studentlitteratur" title="Studentlitteratur">Studentlitteratur</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-44-48221-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-44-48221-3">91-44-48221-3</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script492" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter A with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Áá</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">Àà</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ăă</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ắ">Ắắ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ằ">Ằằ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẵ">Ẵẵ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẳ">Ẳẳ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ââ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ấ">Ấấ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ầ">Ầầ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẫ">Ẫẫ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẩ">Ẩẩ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǎ">Ǎǎ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Åå</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǻ">Ǻǻ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ää</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǟ">Ǟǟ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ãã</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%A6" title="Ȧ">Ȧȧ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǡ">Ǡǡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ąą</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%84%CC%81" title="Ą́">Ą́ą́</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%84%CC%83" title="Ą̃">Ą̃ą̃</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80" title="Ā">Āā</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%CC%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ā̀">Ā̀ā̀</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A2" title="Ả">Ảả</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȁ">Ȁȁ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/A%CC%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="A̋">A̋a̋</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȃ">Ȃȃ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ạ">Ạạ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ặ">Ặặ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ậ">Ậậ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḁ">Ḁḁ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱥ">Ⱥⱥ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞻ">Ꞻꞻ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶏ">ᶏ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/A%CA%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Aʾ">ẚ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters using <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)" title="Ring (diacritic)">ring</a> sign (<span style="font-weight:100; font-size:125%;"> ◌̊, ◌̥ </span>)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Åå </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḁ">Ḁḁ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ů">Ůů </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/W%CC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="W̊">W̊ẘ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Y%CC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Y̊">Y̊ẙ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Danish_language91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danish_language" title="Template:Danish language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danish_language" title="Template talk:Danish language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danish_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danish language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Danish_language91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Å</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Braille">Danish Braille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_grammar" title="Danish grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Danish" title="History of Danish">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_literature" title="Danish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_orthography" title="Danish orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Phonology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dania_transcription" title="Dania transcription">Dania transcription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%B8d" title="Stød">Stød</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/200px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/300px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG/400px-Illuminated_keyboard_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_dialects" title="Danish dialects">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jutlandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Jutlandic dialect">Jutlandic</a> (jysk) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Jutlandic" title="South Jutlandic">South Jutlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Danish" title="Insular Danish">Insular Danish</a> (ømål)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Danish" title="East Danish">East Danish</a> (østdansk) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornholm_dialect" title="Bornholm dialect">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanian_dialect" title="Scanian dialect">Scanian</a> (historically)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Schleswig_Danish" title="Southern Schleswig Danish">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants,<br />derivatives, etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standard Danish (rigsdansk)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent" title="Gøtudanskt accent">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petuh" title="Petuh">Petuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkerdansk" title="Perkerdansk">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Norwegian" title="Dano-Norwegian">Dano-Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l" title="Riksmål">Riksmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danglish" title="Danglish">Danglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Danish,_Norwegian_and_Swedish" title="Comparison of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish">Comparison of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Sprogn%C3%A6vn" title="Dansk Sprognævn">Dansk Sprognævn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norwegian_language55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norwegian_language" title="Template:Norwegian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norwegian_language" title="Template talk:Norwegian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norwegian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norwegian_language55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">Orthography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Å</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian Braille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language_conflict" title="Norwegian language conflict">Norwegian language conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnorsk" title="Samnorsk">Samnorsk</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(discontinued)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8gnorsk" title="Høgnorsk">Høgnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l" title="Riksmål">Riksmål</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_dialects" title="Norwegian dialects">Spoken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vestlandsk" title="Vestlandsk">West and south</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arendalsk" title="Arendalsk">Arendalsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergensk" title="Bergensk">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandnes-m%C3%A5l" title="Sandnes-mål">Sandnesmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect" title="Sognamål dialect">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavangersk" title="Stavangersk">Stavangersk</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stnorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Østnorsk">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohusm%C3%A5l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohusmål (page does not exist)">Bohusmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudbrandsdalsm%C3%A5l" title="Gudbrandsdalsmål">Gudbrandsdalsmål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris" title="Hallingmål-Valdris">Hallingmål-Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4rna-Idrem%C3%A5l" class="mw-redirect" title="Särna-Idremål">Särna-Idremål</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_egentliga_dalm%C3%A5len" class="extiw" title="sv:De egentliga dalmålen">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_East_Norwegian" title="Urban East Norwegian">Urban East Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikv%C3%A6rsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikværsk">Vikværsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_dialect" title="Oslo dialect">Oslo dialect</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndersk" title="Trøndersk">Trøndersk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herjedalsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herjedalsk (page does not exist)">Herjedalsk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalska" class="extiw" title="sv:Härjedalska">sv</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamtlandic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamtlandic dialects">Jemtlansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meldal_dialect" title="Meldal dialect">Medalsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondheimsk" title="Trondheimsk">Trondheimsk</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nordnorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordnorsk">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8nn%C3%B8y_dialect" title="Brønnøy dialect">Brønnøymål</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Non-dialectical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebabnorsk" title="Kebabnorsk">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Norwegian" title="Modern Norwegian">Modern Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svorsk" title="Svorsk">Svorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Norwegian" title="American Norwegian">American Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_West_Norse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old West Norse">Old West Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" title="Middle Norwegian">Middle Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Norwegian" title="Dano-Norwegian">Dano-Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Norwegian_Bokm%C3%A5l_and_Standard_Danish" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish">Comparison of Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_exonyms" title="Norwegian exonyms">Exonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_literature" title="Norwegian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_profanity" title="Norwegian profanity">Profanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kjell_(norwegian_letter).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kjell"><img alt="Kjell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg/8px-Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg/12px-Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg/16px-Kjell_%28norwegian_letter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="49" /></a></span> "<a href="/wiki/Kjell_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjell (letter)">Kjell</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvegia_transcription" title="Norvegia transcription">Norvegia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_Council_of_Norway" title="Language Council of Norway">Language Council of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noregs_M%C3%A5llag" title="Noregs Mållag">Noregs Mållag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy" title="Norwegian Academy">Norwegian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksm%C3%A5l_Society" title="Riksmål Society">Riksmål Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swedish_language177" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swedish_language" title="Template:Swedish language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swedish_language" title="Template talk:Swedish language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swedish_language177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Swedish" title="Standard Swedish">Standard Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Finland Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Swedish" title="Estonian Swedish">Estonian Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gammalsvenska" title="Gammalsvenska">Ukrainian Swedish (Gammalsvenska)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_dialects" title="Swedish dialects">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotlandic" title="Gotlandic">Gotländska mål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tam%C3%A5l_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Götamål dialect">Götamål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norrland_dialects" title="Norrland dialects">Norrländska mål</a>:</li> <li>Östsvenska mål: <i><a href="/wiki/Swedish_dialects_in_Ostrobothnia" title="Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia">Ostrobothnian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svealand_Swedish" class="mw-redirect" title="Svealand Swedish">Sveamål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Swedish_dialects" title="South Swedish dialects">Sydsvenska mål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_dialects" title="Åland dialects">Åländska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_dialects" title="Stockholm dialects">Stockholmska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkeby_Swedish" title="Rinkeby Swedish">Rinkebysvenska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Å</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_grammar" title="Swedish grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Phonology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>sj</i>-sound</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Dialect_Alphabet" title="Swedish Dialect Alphabet">Dialect Alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swedish" title="History of Swedish">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" title="Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swedish" title="Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Swedish" title="Modern Swedish">Modern Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language#Contemporary_Swedish" title="Swedish language">Contemporary Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_literature" title="Swedish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Swedish_literature" title="Early Swedish literature">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Reformation_and_Renaissance_literature" title="Swedish Reformation and Renaissance literature">Reformation and Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_enlightenment_literature" title="Swedish enlightenment literature">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_realism" title="Swedish realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_Swedish_literature" title="Modernist Swedish literature">Modernist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Modernist_poetry" title="Swedish Modernist 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>52 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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