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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ALGOL_60_implementations_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ALGOL_60_implementations_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ALGOL 60 implementations timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ALGOL_60_implementations_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Properties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Properties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Properties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Language levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ALGOL_60_Reserved_words_and_restricted_identifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ALGOL_60_Reserved_words_and_restricted_identifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ALGOL 60 Reserved words and restricted identifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ALGOL_60_Reserved_words_and_restricted_identifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Standard operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_and_portability_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_and_portability_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Examples and portability issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples_and_portability_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples and portability issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples_and_portability_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Code_sample_comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_sample_comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Code sample comparisons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_sample_comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ALGOL_60" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ALGOL_60"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>ALGOL 60</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ALGOL_60-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ALGOL_60_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ALGOL_60_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>ALGOL 60 family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ALGOL_60_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LEAP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LEAP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>LEAP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LEAP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85_60" title="خوارزم 60 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوارزم 60" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ALGOL 60" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_60" title="Algol 60 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Algol 60" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol-60" title="Algol-60 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Algol-60" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algolo-60" title="Algolo-60 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Algolo-60" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="ALGOL 60" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%DB%B6%DB%B0" title="الگول ۶۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الگول ۶۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ALGOL" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EA%B3%A8_60" title="알골 60 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알골 60" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="ALGOL 60" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE_60" title="അൽഗോൾ 60 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൽഗോൾ 60" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_60" title="Algol 60 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Algol 60" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_60" title="Algol 60 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Algol 60" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2_60" title="ਐਲਗੌਲ 60 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲਗੌਲ 60" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="ALGOL 60" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ALGOL 60" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="ALGOL 60" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the programming language. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Algol_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Algol (disambiguation)">Algol (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">ALGOL 60</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Warner_Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John Warner Backus">Backus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer">Bauer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_Green_(computer_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien Green (computer scientist) (page does not exist)">Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Katz" title="Charles Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">McCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Naur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Perlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Jay Perlis">Perlis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Rutishauser" title="Heinz Rutishauser">Rutishauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Samelson" title="Klaus Samelson">Samelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Wijngaarden" title="Adriaan van Wijngaarden">van Wijngaarden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Vauquois" title="Bernard Vauquois">Vauquois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Wegstein" title="Joseph Henry Wegstein">Wegstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Woodger" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Woodger">Woodger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">1960<span class="noprint">; 65 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1960</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Static_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Static type">Static</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">strong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Scope_(computer_science)" title="Scope (computer science)">Scope</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scope_(computer_science)" title="Scope (computer science)">Lexical</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Most subsequent imperative languages (so-called <i>ALGOL-like</i> languages), e.g., <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combined_Programming_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Programming Language">CPL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ALGOL 60</b> (short for <i>Algorithmic Language 1960</i>) is a member of the <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> family of computer <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>. It followed on from <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a> which had introduced <a href="/wiki/Block_(programming)" title="Block (programming)">code blocks</a> and the <code>begin</code> and <code>end</code> pairs for delimiting them, representing a key advance in the rise of <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured programming</a>. ALGOL 60 was one of the first languages implementing function definitions (that could be invoked recursively). ALGOL 60 function definitions could be <a href="/wiki/Nested_function" title="Nested function">nested</a> within one another (which was first introduced by any programming language<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>), with <a href="/wiki/Lexical_scope" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexical scope">lexical scope</a>. It gave rise to many other languages, including <a href="/wiki/CPL_(programming_language)" title="CPL (programming language)">CPL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a>, <a href="/wiki/BCPL" title="BCPL">BCPL</a>, <a href="/wiki/B_(programming_language)" title="B (programming language)">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>. Practically every computer of the era had a <a href="/wiki/Systems_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems programming language">systems programming language</a> based on ALGOL 60 concepts. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a> based his own <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_W" title="ALGOL W">ALGOL W</a> on ALGOL 60 before moving to develop <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>. Algol-W was intended to be the next generation ALGOL but the <a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a> committee decided on a design that was more complex and advanced rather than a cleaned simplified ALGOL 60. The official ALGOL versions are named after the year they were first published. ALGOL 68 is substantially different from ALGOL 60 and was criticised partially for being so, so that in general "ALGOL" refers to dialects of ALGOL 60. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardization">Standardization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Standardization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ALGOL 60 – with <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> – were the first languages to seek standardization. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=6126">ISO 1538:1984</a> Programming languages – ALGOL 60 (stabilized)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=6286">ISO/TR 1672:1977</a> Hardware representation of ALGOL basic symbols ... (now withdrawn)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ALGOL 60 was used mostly by research computer scientists in the United States and in Europe. Its use in commercial applications was hindered by the absence of standard <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">input/output</a> facilities in its description and the lack of interest in the language by large computer vendors. ALGOL 60 did however become the standard for the publication of algorithms and had a profound effect on future language development. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form" title="Backus–Naur form">Backus normal form</a> method of describing programming languages specifically for ALGOL 58. It was revised and expanded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a> for ALGOL 60, and at <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a>'s suggestion renamed <a href="/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form" title="Backus–Naur form">Backus–Naur form</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter Naur: "As editor of the ALGOL Bulletin I was drawn into the international discussions of the language and was selected to be member of the European language design group in November 1959. In this capacity I was the editor of the ALGOL 60 report, produced as the result of the ALGOL 60 meeting in Paris in January 1960."<sup id="cite_ref-naur_acm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naur_acm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following people attended the meeting in Paris (from January 11 to 16): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Ludwig Bauer">Friedrich Ludwig Bauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Rutishauser" title="Heinz Rutishauser">Heinz Rutishauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Samelson" title="Klaus Samelson">Klaus Samelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Vauquois" title="Bernard Vauquois">Bernard Vauquois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Wijngaarden" title="Adriaan van Wijngaarden">Adriaan van Wijngaarden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Woodger" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Woodger">Michael Woodger</a> (from Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner_Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John Warner Backus">John Warner Backus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_Green_(computer_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien Green (computer scientist) (page does not exist)">Julien Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Katz" title="Charles Katz">Charles Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Perlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Jay Perlis">Alan Jay Perlis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Wegstein" title="Joseph Henry Wegstein">Joseph Henry Wegstein</a> (from the USA).</li></ul> <p>Alan Perlis gave a vivid description of the meeting: "The meetings were exhausting, interminable, and exhilarating. One became aggravated when one's good ideas were discarded along with the bad ones of others. Nevertheless, diligence persisted during the entire period. The chemistry of the 13 was excellent." </p><p>The language originally did not include <a href="/wiki/Recursion" title="Recursion">recursion</a>. It was inserted into the specification at the last minute, against the wishes of some of the committee.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ALGOL 60 inspired many languages that followed it. <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a> remarked: "Here is a language so far ahead of its time that it was not only an improvement on its predecessors but also on nearly all its successors."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r3rs_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r3rs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ALGOL_60_implementations_timeline">ALGOL 60 implementations timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ALGOL 60 implementations timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To date there have been at least 70 augmentations, extensions, derivations and sublanguages of ALGOL 60.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Author </th> <th>State </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Target CPU </th></tr> <tr> <td>X1 ALGOL 60</td> <td>August 1960<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a> and <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_Zonneveld" class="extiw" title="nl:Jaap Zonneveld">Jaap A. Zonneveld</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>First implementation of ALGOL 60<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electrologica_X1" title="Electrologica X1">Electrologica X1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Algol</td> <td>1960<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Edgar T. Irons</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDC_1604" title="CDC 1604">CDC 1604</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Large_Systems#ALGOL" title="Burroughs Large Systems">Burroughs Algol</a><br />(Several variants)</td> <td>1961</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a> (with participation by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Hoare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Dijkstra</a>, and others)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td>Basis of the <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a> (and now <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a> <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_MCP" title="Burroughs MCP">MCP</a> based) computers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Large_Systems" title="Burroughs Large Systems">Burroughs Large Systems</a><br />and midrange systems </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_ALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case ALGOL (page does not exist)">Case ALGOL</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a> was originally contracted as a simulation extension of the Case ALGOL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNIVAC_1107" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIVAC 1107">UNIVAC 1107</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOGOL (page does not exist)">GOGOL</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._McKeeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. McKeeman (page does not exist)">William M. McKeeman</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td>For ODIN time-sharing system</td> <td><a href="/wiki/PDP-1" title="PDP-1">PDP-1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=DASK_ALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DASK ALGOL (page does not exist)">DASK ALGOL</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Jensen" title="Jørn Jensen">Jørn Jensen</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td>DASK at Regnecentralen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMIL_ALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMIL ALGOL (page does not exist)">SMIL ALGOL</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torgil_Ekman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torgil Ekman (page does not exist)">Torgil Ekman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl-Erik_Fr%C3%B6berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl-Erik Fröberg (page does not exist)">Carl-Erik Fröberg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/SMIL_(computer)" title="SMIL (computer)">SMIL</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIER_ALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GIER ALGOL (page does not exist)">GIER ALGOL</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Jensen" title="Jørn Jensen">Jørn Jensen</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td>GIER at Regnecentralen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_ALGOL_30" title="Dartmouth ALGOL 30">Dartmouth ALGOL 30</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1978_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1978-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eugene_Kurtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Eugene Kurtz">Thomas Eugene Kurtz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_J._Garland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen J. Garland (page does not exist)">Stephen J. Garland</a>, Robert F. Hargraves, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Knapp" title="Anthony W. Knapp">Anthony W. Knapp</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_LLacer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge LLacer (page does not exist)">Jorge LLacer</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/LGP-30" title="LGP-30">LGP-30</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alcor Mainz 2002</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Ursula Hill-Samelson, Hans Langmaack</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td></td> <td>Siemens 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALCOR-Illinois 7090 </td> <td>1962<br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Paul_(Informatiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Manfred Paul (Informatiker)">Manfred Paul</a>, Hans Rüdiger Wiehle, <a href="/wiki/David_Gries" title="David Gries">David Gries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bayer" title="Rudolf Bayer">Rudolf Bayer</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> </td> <td>ALGOL 60<br />Implemented at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">Illinois</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich" title="Technical University of Munich">TH München</a>, 1962-1964 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_7090" title="IBM 7090">IBM 7090</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_90_Algol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS 90 Algol (page does not exist)">USS 90 Algol</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._Petrone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. Petrone (page does not exist)">L. Petrone</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elliott_ALGOL" title="Elliott ALGOL">Elliott ALGOL</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td><a href="/wiki/C._A._R._Hoare" class="mw-redirect" title="C. A. R. Hoare">C. A. R. Hoare</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td>Discussed in his 1980 <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> lecture</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elliott_803" title="Elliott 803">Elliott 803</a> & the Elliott 503 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Roland Strobel<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></td> <td>Implemented by the Institute for Applied Mathematics, <a href="/wiki/German_Academy_of_Sciences_at_Berlin" title="German Academy of Sciences at Berlin">German Academy of Sciences at Berlin</a></td> <td>Zeiss-Rechenautomat ZRA 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGOL 60 </td> <td>1962 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Vauquois" title="Bernard Vauquois">Bernard Vauquois</a>, Louis Bolliet<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>Institut d'Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble (IMAG) and Compagnie des Machines Bull </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bull_Gamma_60" title="Bull Gamma 60">Bull Gamma 60</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Algol Translator</td> <td>1962</td> <td>G. van der Mey and <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_der_Poel" title="Willem van der Poel">W.L. van der Poel</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ZEBRA_(computer)" title="ZEBRA (computer)">ZEBRA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kidsgrove_Algol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kidsgrove Algol (page does not exist)">Kidsgrove Algol</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._G._Duncan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. G. Duncan (page does not exist)">F. G. Duncan</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric Company</a> <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_KDF9" title="English Electric KDF9">KDF9</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SCALP<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1978517_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1978517-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_J._Garland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen J. Garland (page does not exist)">Stephen J. Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Knapp" title="Anthony W. Knapp">Anthony W. Knapp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eugene_Kurtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Eugene Kurtz">Thomas Eugene Kurtz</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td><i>Self-Contained ALgol Processor</i> for a subset of ALGOL 60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/LGP-30" title="LGP-30">LGP-30</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VALGOL (page does not exist)">VALGOL</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Schorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Schorre (page does not exist)">Val Schorre</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td>A test of the <a href="/wiki/META_II" title="META II">META II</a> compiler compiler </td></tr> <tr> <td>FP6000 Algol</td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore_(computer_scientist)" title="Roger Moore (computer scientist)">Roger Moore</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>written for <a href="/wiki/SaskPower" title="SaskPower">Saskatchewan Power Corp</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferranti-Packard_6000" title="Ferranti-Packard 6000">FP6000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whetstone_(benchmark)" title="Whetstone (benchmark)">Whetstone</a></td> <td>1964</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Randell" title="Brian Randell">Brian Randell</a> and Lawford John Russell</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td>Atomic Power Division of English Electric Company. Precursor to <a href="/wiki/Ferranti_Pegasus" title="Ferranti Pegasus">Ferranti Pegasus</a>, National Physical Laboratories <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Computing_Engine" title="Automatic Computing Engine">ACE</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_DEUCE" title="English Electric DEUCE">English Electric DEUCE</a> implementations</td> <td>English Electric Company <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_KDF9" title="English Electric KDF9">KDF9</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td>1964</td> <td>Jean-Claude Boussard<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_d%27informatique_et_math%C3%A9matiques_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut d'informatique et mathématiques appliquées de Grenoble (page does not exist)">Institut d'informatique et mathématiques appliquées de Grenoble</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_d%27informatique_et_math%C3%A9matiques_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Grenoble" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut d'informatique et mathématiques appliquées de Grenoble">fr</a>]</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_7090" title="IBM 7090">IBM 7090</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGOL-GENIUS</td> <td>1964</td> <td>Börje Langefors</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>Added <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>-inspired data records and I/O</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Datasaab" title="Datasaab">Datasaab</a> D-21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td>1965</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Pair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Pair (page does not exist)">Claude Pair</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Pair" class="extiw" title="fr:Claude Pair">fr</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>Centre de calcul de la Faculté des Sciences de Nancy</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_1620" title="IBM 1620">IBM 1620</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dartmouth ALGOL</td> <td>1965</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_J._Garland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen J. Garland (page does not exist)">Stephen J. Garland</a>, Sarr Blumson, Ron Martin</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Time-Sharing_System" title="Dartmouth Time-Sharing System">Dartmouth Time-Sharing System</a> for the <a href="/wiki/GE-200_series" title="GE-200 series">GE 235</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=NU_ALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NU ALGOL (page does not exist)">NU ALGOL</a></td> <td>1965</td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNIVAC" title="UNIVAC">UNIVAC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGOL 60</td> <td>1965<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>F.E.J. Kruseman Aretz</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>MC compiler for the EL-X8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electrologica_X8" title="Electrologica X8">Electrologica X8</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ALGEK</td> <td>1965</td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minsk_family_of_computers" title="Minsk family of computers">Minsk-22</a></td> <td>АЛГЭК, based on ALGOL 60 and <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> support, for economical tasks </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=MALGOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MALGOL (page does not exist)">MALGOL</a></td> <td>1966</td> <td>publ. A. Viil, M Kotli & M. Rakhendi,</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minsk_family_of_computers" title="Minsk family of computers">Minsk-22</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGAMS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALGAMS (page does not exist)">ALGAMS</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td>GAMS group (ГАМС, группа автоматизации программирования для машин среднего класса), cooperation of Comecon Academies of Science</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minsk_family_of_computers" title="Minsk family of computers">Minsk-22</a>, later <a href="/wiki/ES_EVM" title="ES EVM">ES EVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/BESM" title="BESM">BESM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL/ZAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALGOL/ZAM (page does not exist)">ALGOL/ZAM</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td></td> <td>Polish <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZAM_(computer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZAM (computer) (page does not exist)">ZAM</a> computer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080722231533/http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=7288&language=Chinese%20Algol">Chinese Algol</a></td> <td>1972</td> <td> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>Chinese characters, expressed via the Symbol system </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DG/L" title="DG/L">DG/L</a></td> <td>1972</td> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a></td> <td></td> <td>DG <a href="/wiki/Data_General_Eclipse" title="Data General Eclipse">Eclipse</a> family of Computers </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertnase.de/a60/">NASE</a></td> <td>1990</td> <td>Erik Schoenfelder</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>Interpreter</td> <td>Linux and MS Windows </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/marst/">MARST</a></td> <td>2000</td> <td>Andrew Makhorin</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>ALGOL 60 to C translator</td> <td>All CPUs supported by the GNU Compiler Collection; MARST is part of the GNU project </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Burroughs dialects included special system programming dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Executive_Systems_Problem_Oriented_Language" title="Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language">ESPOL</a> and <a href="/wiki/NEWP" title="NEWP">NEWP</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ALGOL 60 as officially defined had no I/O facilities; implementations defined their own in ways that were rarely compatible with each other. In contrast, ALGOL 68 offered an extensive library of <i>transput</i> (ALGOL 68 parlance for input/output) facilities. </p><p>ALGOL 60 provided two <a href="/wiki/Evaluation_strategy" title="Evaluation strategy">evaluation strategies</a> for <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameter (computer science)">parameter</a> passing: the common <a href="/wiki/Call-by-value" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-by-value">call-by-value</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Call-by-name" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-by-name">call-by-name</a>. The procedure declaration specified, for each formal parameter, which was to be used: <i>value</i> specified for call-by-value, and omitted for call-by-name. Call-by-name has certain effects in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Call-by-reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-by-reference">call-by-reference</a>. For example, without specifying the parameters as <i>value</i> or <i>reference</i>, it is impossible to develop a procedure that will swap the values of two parameters if the actual parameters that are passed in are an integer variable and an array that is indexed by that same integer variable.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Think of passing a pointer to swap(i, A[i]) in to a function. Now that every time swap is referenced, it's reevaluated. Say i := 1 and A[i] := 2, so every time swap is referenced it'll return the other combination of the values ([1,2], [2,1], [1,2] and so on). A similar situation occurs with a random function passed as actual argument. </p><p>Call-by-name is known by many compiler designers for the interesting "<a href="/wiki/Thunk_(delayed_computation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunk (delayed computation)">thunks</a>" that are used to implement it. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> devised the "<a href="/wiki/Man_or_boy_test" title="Man or boy test">man or boy test</a>" to separate compilers that correctly implemented "<a href="/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)" title="Recursion (computer science)">recursion</a> and non-local references." This test contains an example of call-by-name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Language_levels">Language levels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language levels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ALGOL 60 reports recognize three different levels of language, i.e., a Reference Language, a Publication Language, and several Hardware Representations. The Reference and Publication languages have no reserved words, however the reports do recommend<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reserving some identifiers for standard functions. </p><p>The reports briefly describe hardware representations. Implementations differ in their hardware representations of underlined independent basic symbols<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Reserved words</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stropping_(syntax)" title="Stropping (syntax)">Stropping</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ALGOL_60_Reserved_words_and_restricted_identifiers">ALGOL 60 Reserved words and restricted identifiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ALGOL 60 Reserved words and restricted identifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 24 reserved words in the Modified Report: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 7em;"> <ul><li><code>ARRAY</code></li> <li><code>BEGIN</code></li> <li><code>BOOLEAN</code></li> <li><code>COMMENT</code></li> <li><code>DO</code></li> <li><code>ELSE</code></li> <li><code>END</code></li> <li><code>FALSE</code></li> <li><code>FOR</code></li> <li><code>GOTO</code></li> <li><code>IF</code></li> <li><code>INTEGER</code></li> <li><code>LABEL</code></li> <li><code>OWN</code></li> <li><code>PROCEDURE</code></li> <li><code>REAL</code></li> <li><code>STEP</code></li> <li><code>STRING</code></li> <li><code>SWITCH</code></li> <li><code>THEN</code></li> <li><code>TRUE</code></li> <li><code>UNTIL</code></li> <li><code>VALUE</code></li> <li><code>WHILE</code></li></ul> </div><p>There are 35 such reserved words in the standard <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Large_Systems" title="Burroughs Large Systems">Burroughs Large Systems</a> sub-language: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></p><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 7em;"> <ul><li><code>ALPHA</code></li> <li><code>ARRAY</code></li> <li><code>BEGIN</code></li> <li><code>BOOLEAN</code></li> <li><code>COMMENT</code></li> <li><code>CONTINUE</code></li> <li><code>DIRECT</code></li> <li><code>DO</code></li> <li><code>DOUBLE</code></li> <li><code>ELSE</code></li> <li><code>END</code></li> <li><code>EVENT</code></li> <li><code>FALSE</code></li> <li><code>FILE</code></li> <li><code>FOR</code></li> <li><code>FORMAT</code></li> <li><code>GO</code></li> <li><code>IF</code></li> <li><code>INTEGER</code></li> <li><code>LABEL</code></li> <li><code>LIST</code></li> <li><code>LONG</code></li> <li><code>OWN</code></li> <li><code>POINTER</code></li> <li><code>PROCEDURE</code></li> <li><code>REAL</code></li> <li><code>STEP</code></li> <li><code>SWITCH</code></li> <li><code>TASK</code></li> <li><code>THEN</code></li> <li><code>TRUE</code></li> <li><code>UNTIL</code></li> <li><code>VALUE</code></li> <li><code>WHILE</code></li> <li><code>ZIP</code></li></ul> </div> <p>There are 71 such restricted identifiers in the standard Burroughs Large Systems sub-language: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 7em;"> <ul><li><code>ACCEPT</code></li> <li><code>AND</code></li> <li><code>ATTACH</code></li> <li><code>BY</code></li> <li><code>CALL</code></li> <li><code>CASE</code></li> <li><code>CAUSE</code></li> <li><code>CLOSE</code></li> <li><code>DEALLOCATE</code></li> <li><code>DEFINE</code></li> <li><code>DETACH</code></li> <li><code>DISABLE</code></li> <li><code>DISPLAY</code></li> <li><code>DIV</code></li> <li><code>DUMP</code></li> <li><code>ENABLE</code></li> <li><code>EQL</code></li> <li><code>EQV</code></li> <li><code>EXCHANGE</code></li> <li><code>EXTERNAL</code></li> <li><code>FILL</code></li> <li><code>FORWARD</code></li> <li><code>GEQ</code></li> <li><code>GTR</code></li> <li><code>IMP</code></li> <li><code>IN</code></li> <li><code>INTERRUPT</code></li> <li><code>IS</code></li> <li><code>LB</code></li> <li><code>LEQ</code></li> <li><code>LIBERATE</code></li> <li><code>LINE</code></li> <li><code>LOCK</code></li> <li><code>LSS</code></li> <li><code>MERGE</code></li> <li><code>MOD</code></li> <li><code>MONITOR</code></li> <li><code>MUX</code></li> <li><code>NEQ</code></li> <li><code>NO</code></li> <li><code>NOT</code></li> <li><code>ON</code></li> <li><code>OPEN</code></li> <li><code>OR</code></li> <li><code>OUT</code></li> <li><code>PICTURE</code></li> <li><code>PROCESS</code></li> <li><code>PROCURE</code></li> <li><code>PROGRAMDUMP</code></li> <li><code>RB</code></li> <li><code>READ</code></li> <li><code>RELEASE</code></li> <li><code>REPLACE</code></li> <li><code>RESET</code></li> <li><code>RESIZE</code></li> <li><code>REWIND</code></li> <li><code>RUN</code></li> <li><code>SCAN</code></li> <li><code>SEEK</code></li> <li><code>SET</code></li> <li><code>SKIP</code></li> <li><code>SORT</code></li> <li><code>SPACE</code></li> <li><code>SWAP</code></li> <li><code>THRU</code></li> <li><code>TIMES</code></li> <li><code>TO</code></li> <li><code>WAIT</code></li> <li><code>WHEN</code></li> <li><code>WITH</code></li> <li><code>WRITE</code></li></ul> </div> <p>and also the names of all the intrinsic functions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_operators">Standard operators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Standard operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Priority </th> <th>Operator </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">first arithmetic</td> <td>first</td> <td>↑ (power) </td></tr> <tr> <td>second</td> <td>×, / (real), ÷ (integer) </td></tr> <tr> <td>third</td> <td>+, - </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">second</td> <td><, ≤, =, ≥, >, ≠ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">third</td> <td>¬ (not) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">fourth</td> <td>∧ (and) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">fifth</td> <td>∨ (or) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">sixth</td> <td>⊃ (implication) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">seventh</td> <td>≡ (equivalence) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_and_portability_issues">Examples and portability issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Examples and portability issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Code_sample_comparisons">Code sample comparisons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Code sample comparisons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ALGOL_60">ALGOL 60</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: ALGOL 60"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <pre><b>procedure</b> Absmax(a) Size:(n, m) Result:(y) Subscripts:(i, k); <b>value</b> n, m; <b>array</b> a; <b>integer</b> n, m, i, k; <b>real</b> y; <b>comment</b> The absolute greatest element of the matrix a, of size n by m, is copied to y, and the subscripts of this element to i and k; <b>begin</b> <b>integer</b> p, q; y := 0; i := k := 1; <b>for</b> p := 1 <b>step</b> 1 <b>until</b> n <b>do</b> <b>for</b> q := 1 <b>step</b> 1 <b>until</b> m <b>do</b> <b>if</b> abs(a[p, q]) > y <b>then</b> <b>begin</b> y := abs(a[p, q]); i := p; k := q <b>end</b> <b>end</b> Absmax </pre> <p>Implementations differ in how the text in bold must be written. The word 'INTEGER', including the quotation marks, must be used in some implementations in place of <b>integer</b>, above, thereby <a href="/wiki/Stropping_(syntax)" title="Stropping (syntax)">designating</a> it as a special keyword. </p><p>Following is an example of how to produce a table using <a href="/wiki/Elliott_803" title="Elliott 803">Elliott 803</a> ALGOL:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre> FLOATING POINT ALGOL TEST' BEGIN REAL A,B,C,D' READ D' FOR A:= 0.0 STEP D UNTIL 6.3 DO BEGIN PRINT <abbr title="sends output to the teleprinter rather than the tape punch.">PUNCH(3)</abbr>,££L??' B := SIN(A)' C := COS(A)' PRINT <abbr title="sends output to the teleprinter rather than the tape punch.">PUNCH(3)</abbr>,<abbr title="suppresses the carriage return + line feed normally printed between arguments.">SAMELINE</abbr>,<abbr title="controls the format of the output with 1 digit before and 6 after the decimal point.">ALIGNED(1,6)</abbr>,A,B,C' END' END' </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ALGOL_60_family">ALGOL 60 family</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: ALGOL 60 family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since ALGOL 60 had no I/O facilities, there is no portable <a href="/wiki/Hello_world_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Hello world program">hello world program</a> in ALGOL. The following program could (and still will) compile and run on an ALGOL implementation for a Unisys A-Series mainframe, and is a straightforward simplification of code taken from The Language Guide<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>-Dearborn Computer and Information Science Department Hello world! ALGOL Example Program page.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre>BEGIN FILE F(KIND=REMOTE); <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> ARRAY E[0:11]; REPLACE E BY "HELLO WORLD!"; WRITE(F, *, E); END. </pre> <p>Where * etc. represented a format specification as used in FORTRAN, e.g.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A simpler program using an inline format: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-m2 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="kr">BEGIN</span> <span class="n">FILE</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">KIND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">REMOTE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">WRITE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="s2">"HELLO WORLD!"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="kr">END</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>An even simpler program using the Display statement: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-m2 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kr">BEGIN</span> <span class="n">DISPLAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"HELLO WORLD!"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">END</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>An alternative example, using Elliott Algol I/O is as follows. Elliott Algol used different characters for "open-string-quote" and "close-string-quote", represented here by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0); color:;border:1px solid silver;">  <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98" class="mw-redirect" title="‘">‘</a> </span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0); color:;border:1px solid silver;">  <a href="/wiki/Single_quotation_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Single quotation mark">’</a> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">program</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HiFolks</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">print</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">‘</span><span class="n">Hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">world</span><span class="err">’</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="o">;</span> </pre></div> <p>Here's a version for the Elliott 803 Algol (A104) The standard Elliott 803 used 5-hole paper tape and thus only had upper case. The code lacked any quote characters so <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="£">£</a> (pound sign) was used for open quote and <a href="/wiki/%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="?">?</a> (question mark) for close quote. Special sequences were placed in double quotes (e.g., £L?? produced a new line on the teleprinter). </p> <pre> HIFOLKS' BEGIN PRINT £HELLO WORLD£L??' END' </pre> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ICT_1900_series" title="ICT 1900 series">ICT 1900 series</a> Algol I/O version allowed input from paper tape or punched card. Paper tape 'full' mode allowed lower case. Output was to a line printer. Note use of '(', ')', and %.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre> 'PROGRAM' (HELLO) 'BEGIN' 'COMMENT' OPEN QUOTE IS '(', CLOSE IS ')', PRINTABLE SPACE HAS TO BE WRITTEN AS % BECAUSE SPACES ARE IGNORED; WRITE TEXT('('HELLO%WORLD')'); 'END' 'FINISH' </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LEAP">LEAP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: LEAP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LEAP is an extension to the ALGOL 60 programming language which provides an associative memory of triples. The three items in a triple denote the association that an Attribute of an Object has a specific Value. LEAP was created by Jerome Feldman (University of California Berkeley) and Paul Rovner (MIT Lincoln Lab) in 1967. LEAP was also implemented in SAIL. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>ABC ALGOL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_N" title="ALGOL N">ALGOL N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_W" title="ALGOL W">ALGOL W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_X" class="mw-redirect" title="ALGOL X">ALGOL X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Autocode" title="Atlas Autocode">Atlas Autocode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_66" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral 66">Coral 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_IMP" title="Edinburgh IMP">Edinburgh IMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen%27s_Device" class="mw-redirect" title="Jensen's Device">Jensen's Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISWIM" title="ISWIM">ISWIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOVIAL" title="JOVIAL">JOVIAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NELIAC" title="NELIAC">NELIAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-algol" title="S-algol">S-algol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme (programming language)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Etude+et+r%C3%A9alisation+d%27un+compilateur+Algol60+sur+calculateur+%C3%A9l%C3%A9ctronique+du+type+IBM+7090%2F94+et+7040%2F44&rft.inst=Universit%C3%A9+Joseph-Fourier+-+Grenoble+I&rft.date=1964-06&rft.aulast=Boussard&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftel.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Ftel-00009449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaude_Pair1965" class="citation conference cs1">Claude Pair (27 April 1965). <i>Description d'un compilateur ALGOL</i>. <i>European Région 1620 Users Group</i>. IBM.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=European+R%C3%A9gion+1620+Users+Group&rft.atitle=Description+d%27un+compilateur+ALGOL&rft.date=1965-04-27&rft.au=Claude+Pair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruseman_Aretz1973" class="citation book cs1">Kruseman Aretz, F.E.J. (1973). <i>An Algol 60 compiler in Algol 60</i>. Mathematical Centre Tracts. Amsterdam: Mathematisch Centrum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Algol+60+compiler+in+Algol+60&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.series=Mathematical+Centre+Tracts&rft.pub=Mathematisch+Centrum&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Kruseman+Aretz&rft.aufirst=F.E.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhoSethiUllman1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_V._Aho" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred V. Aho">Aho, Alfred V.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Sethi" title="Ravi Sethi">Sethi, Ravi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">Ullman, Jeffrey D.</a> (1986). <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Book_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Book (computer science)"><i>Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools</i></a> (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-10194-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-10194-2"><bdi>978-0-201-10194-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compilers%3A+Principles%2C+Techniques%2C+and+Tools&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-201-10194-2&rft.aulast=Aho&rft.aufirst=Alfred+V.&rft.au=Sethi%2C+Ravi&rft.au=Ullman%2C+Jeffrey+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span>, Section 7.5, and references therein</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaur_et_al.1963">Naur et al. 1963</a>, 3.2.4. Standard functions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaur_et_al.1963">Naur et al. 1963</a>, 2.1. Letters: (1) It should be particularly noted that throughout the reference language underlining [here this looks like underlined; N.L.] is used for defining independent basic symbols (see sections 2.2.2 and 2.3). These are understood to have no relation to the individual letters of which they are composed. Within the present report underlining will be used for no other purposes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billp.org/ccs/A104/">"803 ALGOL"</a>, the manual for <a href="/wiki/Elliott_803" title="Elliott 803">Elliott 803</a> ALGOL</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210185248/http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/algol/algol.html">"The ALGOL Programming Language"</a>. <i>www.engin.umd.umich.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/">the original</a> on 10 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.engin.umd.umich.edu&rft.atitle=The+ALGOL+Programming+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engin.umd.umich.edu%2FCIS%2Fcourse.des%2Fcis400%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204112923/http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/algol/hworld.html">"Hello world! Example Program"</a>. <i>www.engin.umd.umich.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/algol/hworld.html">the original</a> on 4 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.engin.umd.umich.edu&rft.atitle=Hello+world%21+Example+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engin.umd.umich.edu%2FCIS%2Fcourse.des%2Fcis400%2Falgol%2Fhworld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fortran#"Hello,_World!"_example" title="Fortran">Fortran#"Hello, World!" example</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icl1900.co.uk/techpub/tp3340.djvu">"ICL 1900 series: Algol Language"</a>. ICL Technical Publication 3340. 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICL+1900+series%3A+Algol+Language&rft.pub=ICL+Technical+Publication+3340&rft.date=1965&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icl1900.co.uk%2Ftechpub%2Ftp3340.djvu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaur_et_al.1963" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">Backus, John W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer">Bauer, Friedrich L.</a>; Green, J.; Katz, C.; <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">J. McCarthy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">P. Naur</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">A.J. Perlis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Rutishauser" title="Heinz Rutishauser">H. Rutishauser</a>; K. Samuelson; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Vauquois" title="Bernard Vauquois">B. Vauquois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Wegstein" title="Joseph Henry Wegstein">J.H. Wegstein</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Wijngaarden" title="Adriaan van Wijngaarden">A. van Wijngaarden</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mike_Woodger" title="Mike Woodger">M. Woodger</a> (January 1963). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/366193.366201">"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 60"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>6</b> (1). Association for Computing Machinery. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F366193.366201">10.1145/366193.366201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7853511">7853511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Revised+Report+on+the+Algorithmic+Language+Algol+60&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1963-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F366193.366201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7853511%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Backus&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Friedrich+L.&rft.au=Green%2C+J.&rft.au=Katz%2C+C.&rft.au=J.+McCarthy&rft.au=P.+Naur&rft.au=A.J.+Perlis&rft.au=H.+Rutishauser&rft.au=K.+Samuelson&rft.au=B.+Vauquois&rft.au=J.H.+Wegstein&rft.au=A.+van+Wijngaarden&rft.au=M.+Woodger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F366193.366201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtz1978" class="citation book cs1">Kurtz, Thomas E. (1978). "BASIC". <i>History of programming languages</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">515–</span>537. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F800025.1198404">10.1145/800025.1198404</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0127450408" title="Special:BookSources/0127450408"><bdi>0127450408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BASIC&rft.btitle=History+of+programming+languages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E515-%3C%2Fspan%3E537&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F800025.1198404&rft.isbn=0127450408&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijkstra1961" class="citation techreport cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edsger_Dijkstra" class="mw-redirect" title="Edsger Dijkstra">Dijkstra, Edsger W.</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/MCReps/MR35.PDF"><i>"ALGOL 60 Translation: An ALGOL 60 Translator for the X1 and Making a Translator for ALGOL 60</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical report). Amsterdam: Mathematisch Centrum. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%22ALGOL+60+Translation%3A+An+ALGOL+60+Translator+for+the+X1+and+Making+a+Translator+for+ALGOL+60&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Mathematisch+Centrum&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Dijkstra&rft.aufirst=Edsger+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.utexas.edu%2Fusers%2FEWD%2FMCReps%2FMR35.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandellRussell1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Randell" title="Brian Randell">Randell, Brian</a>; Russell, Lawford John (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/algol60implement00rand"><i>ALGOL 60 Implementation: The Translation and Use of ALGOL 60 Programs on a Computer</i></a></span>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/526731">526731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ALGOL+60+Implementation%3A+The+Translation+and+Use+of+ALGOL+60+Programs+on+a+Computer&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F526731&rft.aulast=Randell&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Russell%2C+Lawford+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falgol60implement00rand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span> The design of the <i>Whetstone Compiler</i>. One of the early published descriptions of implementing a compiler. See the related papers: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/research/pubs/articles/papers/427.pdf">Whetstone Algol Revisited</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525044658/http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/books/papers/124.pdf">The Whetstone KDF9 ALGOL Translator</a> by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Randell" title="Brian Randell">Brian Randell</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoos2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Goos" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard Goos">Goos, Gerhard</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (2017-08-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kps2017.uni-jena.de/proceedings/kps2017_submission_1.pdf"><i>Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Informatik - Programmiersprachen und Übersetzerbau</i></a> [<i>History of informatics in German-speaking countries - Programming languages and compiler design</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Karlsruhe, Germany: Fakultät für Informatik, <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a> (KIT). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519131116/http://www.kps2017.uni-jena.de/proceedings/kps2017_submission_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+deutschsprachigen+Informatik+-+Programmiersprachen+und+%C3%9Cbersetzerbau&rft.place=Karlsruhe%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Fakult%C3%A4t+f%C3%BCr+Informatik%2C+Karlsruhe+Institute+of+Technology+%28KIT%29&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Goos&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kps2017.uni-jena.de%2Fproceedings%2Fkps2017_submission_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span> (11 pages)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALGOL_60&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masswerk.at/algol60/report.htm">Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60</a> by Peter Naur, et al. ALGOL definition</li> <li>A BNF <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackbox.userweb.mwn.de/Algol-BNF.html">syntax summary</a> of ALGOL 60</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110061442/http://thor.cs.ucsb.edu/~ravenben/papers/coreos/Hoa81.pdf">"The Emperor's Old Clothes"</a> – Hoare's 1980 ACM Turing Award speech, which discusses ALGOL history and his involvement</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/marst/">MARST</a>, a free ALGOL-to-C translator</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerdmoore.ca/JOUR/">An Implementation of ALGOL 60 for the FP6000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725025218/http://rogerdmoore.ca/JOUR/">Archived</a> 2020-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Discussion of some implementation issues.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaur1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Naur, Peter</a> (August 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=808370">"The European Side of the Last Phase of the Development of ALGOL 60"</a>. <i>ACM SIGPLAN Notices</i>. <b>13</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">15–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F960118.808370">10.1145/960118.808370</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15552479">15552479</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+SIGPLAN+Notices&rft.atitle=The+European+Side+of+the+Last+Phase+of+the+Development+of+ALGOL+60&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=1978-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F960118.808370&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15552479%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Naur&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.acm.org%2Fft_gateway.cfm%3Fid%3D808370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Edinburgh University wrote compilers for Algol60 (later updated for Algol60M) based on their Atlas Autocode compilers initially bootstrapped from the Atlas to the KDF-9. The Edinburgh compilers generated code for the ICL1900, the ICL4/75 (an IBM360 clone), and the ICL2900. Here is the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/algolps9.txt">BNF for Algol60</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515185211/http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/algolps9.txt">Archived</a> 2020-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/emas2/compilers/algol/algol60fs.imp.html">ICL2900 compiler source</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515190532/http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/emas2/compilers/algol/algol60fs.imp.html">Archived</a> 2020-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/emas2/compilers/algol/bsyslib.txt-view.html">library documentation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515190530/http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/emas2/compilers/algol/bsyslib.txt-view.html">Archived</a> 2020-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/">a considerable test suite</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515175751/http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/">Archived</a> 2020-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> including <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/wichtests_pete1.txt">Brian Wichmann's tests.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515185136/http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/wichtests_pete1.txt">Archived</a> 2020-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Also there is a rather superficial <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/palgcons.txt">Algol60 to Atlas Autocode source-level translator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515185142/http://history.dcs.ed.ac.uk/archive/os/emas/users/ercc07/emas-2900/palgcons.txt">Archived</a> 2020-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond" title="Eric S. Raymond">Eric S. Raymond</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catb.org/retro/">Retrocomputing Museum</a>, among others a link to the NASE ALGOL 60 interpreter written in C.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertnase.de/a60">The NASE interpreter</a></li> <li>Stories of the B5000 and People Who Were There: a dedicated ALGOL computer <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/B5000-AlgolRWaychoff.html">[1]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Knuth_Don_X4100/PDF_index/k-8-pdf/k-8-u2779-B5000-People.pdf">[2]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottenbruch1961" class="citation report cs1">Bottenbruch, Hermann (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc871723/">Structure and Use of ALGOL 60</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F4020495">10.2172/4020495</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4020495">4020495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Structure+and+Use+of+ALGOL+60&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4020495%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F4020495&rft.aulast=Bottenbruch&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc871723%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AALGOL+60" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/ALGOL/source/numal">NUMAL</a> A Library of Numerical Procedures in ALGOL 60 developed at The Stichting Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (<a href="/wiki/Legal_successor_(organization)" title="Legal successor (organization)">legal successor</a> of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101005121036/http://www.cwi.nl/en/general/Address">legal owner</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algol60.org">ALGOL 60 resources: translators, documentation, programs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.racket-lang.org/algol60/">ALGOL 60</a> included in Racket</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical<br />standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ALGOL 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dialect_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect (computing)">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ABC ALGOL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALCOR" title="ALCOR">ALCOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGO" title="ALGO">ALGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68C" title="ALGOL 68C">ALGOL 68C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68-R" title="ALGOL 68-R">ALGOL 68-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68RS" title="ALGOL 68RS">ALGOL 68RS</a> (<a href="/wiki/ELLA_(programming_language)" title="ELLA (programming language)">ELLA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68S" title="ALGOL 68S">ALGOL 68S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_N" title="ALGOL N">ALGOL N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_W" title="ALGOL W">ALGOL W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_X" class="mw-redirect" title="ALGOL X">ALGOL X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Autocode" title="Atlas Autocode">Atlas Autocode</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_IMP" title="Edinburgh IMP">Edinburgh IMP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Large_Systems#ALGOL" title="Burroughs Large Systems">Burroughs ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORAL" title="CORAL">CORAL</a> 66</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_ALGOL_30" title="Dartmouth ALGOL 30">Dartmouth ALGOL 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DASK" title="DASK">DASK</a> ALGOL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG/L" title="DG/L">DG/L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_ALGOL" title="Elliott ALGOL">Elliott ALGOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Systems_Problem_Oriented_Language" title="Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language">Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language</a> (ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language (<a href="/wiki/NEWP" title="NEWP">NEWP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLACC" title="FLACC">FLACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMP_(programming_language)" title="IMP (programming language)">IMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOVIAL" title="JOVIAL">JOVIAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_KDF9" title="English Electric KDF9">Kidsgrove</a> Algol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAD_(programming_language)" title="MAD (programming language)">MAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_(programming_language)" title="Mary (programming language)">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NELIAC" title="NELIAC">NELIAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL/2" title="RTL/2">RTL/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-algol" title="S-algol">S-algol</a>, <a href="/wiki/PS-algol" title="PS-algol">PS-algol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napier88" title="Napier88">Napier88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li> <li>Small Machine ALGOL Like Language (<a href="/wiki/SMALL" title="SMALL">SMALL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_(computer)" title="SMIL (computer)">SMIL</a> ALGOL</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)" title="Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)">Formalisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jensen%27s_device" title="Jensen's device">Jensen's device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wijngaarden_grammar" title="Van Wijngaarden grammar">Van Wijngaarden grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Professional<br />associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALCOR" title="ALCOR">ALCOR</a> Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a> (ACM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSI_Group" title="BSI Group">BSI Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST" title="GOST">Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification</a> (EASC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">International Federation for Information Processing</a> (IFIP) <a href="/wiki/IFIP_Working_Group_2.1" title="IFIP Working Group 2.1">IFIP Working Group 2.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Mechanik" title="Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik">Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</a> (GAMM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Brothers_(computer_company)" title="Elliott Brothers (computer company)">Elliott Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnecentralen" title="Regnecentralen">Regnecentralen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester University">Manchester University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Radar_Establishment" title="Royal Radar Establishment">Royal Radar Establishment</a> (RRE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_L._Bauer" title="Friedrich L. Bauer">Friedrich L. Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bottenbruch" title="Hermann Bottenbruch">Hermann Bottenbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Katz" title="Charles Katz">Charles Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Rutishauser" title="Heinz Rutishauser">Heinz Rutishauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Samelson" title="Klaus Samelson">Klaus Samelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Wegstein" title="Joseph Henry Wegstein">Joseph Henry Wegstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MAD_(programming_language)" title="MAD (programming language)">MAD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Arden" title="Bruce Arden">Bruce Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Galler" title="Bernard Galler">Bernard Galler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Graham_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert M. Graham (computer scientist)">Robert M. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ALGOL 60</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Backus^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Carl_Backhouse" title="Roland Carl Backhouse">Roland Carl Backhouse</a></li> <li>Bauer^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bird_(computer_scientist)" title="Richard Bird (computer scientist)">Richard Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bourne" title="Stephen R. Bourne">Stephen R. Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Ershov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Ershov">Andrey Ershov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">Robert W. Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gibbons" title="Jeremy Gibbons">Jeremy Gibbons</a></li> <li>Julien Green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gries" title="David Gries">David Gries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hehner" title="Eric Hehner">Eric Hehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Jensen" title="Jørn Jensen">Jørn Jensen</a></li> <li>Katz^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Landin" title="Peter Landin">Peter Landin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Maibaum" title="Tom Maibaum">Tom Maibaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_McBride" title="Conor McBride">Conor McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Morgan_(computer_scientist)" title="Carroll Morgan (computer scientist)">Carroll Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Nivat" title="Maurice Nivat">Maurice Nivat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._L._Peck" title="John E. L. Peck">John E. L. Peck</a></li> <li>Perlis^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Randell" title="Brian Randell">Brian Randell</a></li> <li>Rutishauser^</li> <li>Samelson^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_T._Schwartz" title="Jacob T. Schwartz">Jacob T. Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha_Sharir" title="Micha Sharir">Micha Sharir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turner_(computer_scientist)" title="David Turner (computer scientist)">David Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Vauquois" title="Bernard Vauquois">Bernard Vauquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiiti_Wada" title="Eiiti Wada">Eiiti Wada</a></li> <li>Wegstein^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Wijngaarden" title="Adriaan van Wijngaarden">Adriaan van Wijngaarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Woodger" title="Mike Woodger">Mike Woodger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bauer^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_G._Bond" title="Susan G. Bond">Susan G. Bond</a></li> <li>Bourne^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dewar" title="Robert Dewar">Robert Dewar</a></li> <li>Dijkstra^</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Goos" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard Goos">Gerhard Goos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Guy" title="Michael Guy">Michael Guy</a></li> <li>Hoare^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_H._A._Koster" title="Cornelis H. A. Koster">Cornelis H. A. Koster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Landin" title="Peter Landin">Peter Landin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Lindsey" title="Charles H. Lindsey">Charles H. Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_J._Mailloux" title="Barry J. Mailloux">Barry J. Mailloux</a></li> <li>McCarthy^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Meertens" title="Lambert Meertens">Lambert Meertens</a></li> <li>Naur^</li> <li>Peck^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_van_der_Poel" title="Willem van der Poel">Willem van der Poel</a></li> <li>Randell^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T._Ross" title="Douglas T. Ross">Douglas T. Ross</a></li> <li>Samelson^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sintzoff" title="Michel Sintzoff">Michel Sintzoff</a></li> <li>van Wijngaarden^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a></li> <li>Woodger^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Woodward" title="Philip Woodward">Philip Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobuo_Yoneda" title="Nobuo Yoneda">Nobuo Yoneda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barnes_(computer_scientist)" title="John Barnes (computer scientist)">John Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Brooker" title="Tony Brooker">Tony Brooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Morrison" title="Ron Morrison">Ron Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Hearn" title="Peter O'Hearn">Peter O'Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Reynolds" title="John C. Reynolds">John C. Reynolds</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_Bulletin" title="ALGOL Bulletin">ALGOL Bulletin</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_58#ALGOL_58's_influence_on_ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 58">ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_68#Comparisons_with_other_languages" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68 to other languages</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above</b><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Algol_programming_language_family" title="Category:Algol programming language family">Category: ALGOL</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:ALGOL_60" title="Category:ALGOL 60">Category: ALGOL 60</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number451" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" title="Language of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_fuse" title="Automotive fuse">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000_family" title="ISO 9000 family">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000_family" title="ISO 14000 family">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092" title="ISO 19092">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000_family" title="ISO/IEC 27000 family">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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