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img{width:220px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-01370d4 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:15px 25px 15px -25px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-347d27a{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:flex-end;--align-items:center;--gap:0px 0px;--background-transition:0.3s;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-347d27a.e-con{--flex-grow:0;--flex-shrink:0;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-menu-toggle{margin:0 auto;background-color:#3F7F6000;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu .elementor-item{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-weight:400;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );fill:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.highlighted, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-menu-toggle:hover{color:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.highlighted{background-color:#FFFFFF00;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 div.elementor-menu-toggle{color:var( --e-global-color-0516bf8 );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 div.elementor-menu-toggle svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-0516bf8 );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-menu-toggle{margin-right:auto;background-color:#EBF4FD00;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu .elementor-item{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:1.2px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );fill:var( --e-global-color-primary );padding-left:1.4vw;padding-right:1.4vw;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:hover, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 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a.highlighted, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-menu-toggle:hover{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.highlighted{background-color:#B6CA67A6;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active{color:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );background-color:#FFFFFFA6;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:500;}.elementor-32 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.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:focus{color:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );fill:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.elementor-item-active{color:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown{background-color:#FCFFF1;border-style:none;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 20px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.highlighted, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-menu-toggle:hover{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a:hover, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.highlighted{background-color:#B6CA67A6;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a.elementor-item-active{color:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );background-color:#FFFFFFA6;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:500;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown li:first-child a{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;}.elementor-32 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--e-global-color-0516bf8 );--icon-padding:0.2em;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c .elementor-social-icon i{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c .elementor-social-icon svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c .elementor-social-icon:hover{background-color:var( --e-global-color-99d9f41 );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c .elementor-social-icon:hover i{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c .elementor-social-icon:hover svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px -15px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56{width:var( --container-widget-width, 12% );max-width:12%;--container-widget-width:12%;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;top:0px;}body:not(.rtl) .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56{right:-5%;}body.rtl .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56{left:-5%;}.elementor-theme-builder-content-area{height:400px;}.elementor-location-header:before, .elementor-location-footer:before{content:"";display:table;clear:both;}@media(max-width:1200px){.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d48266c{--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c{--justify-content:center;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-01370d4 img{width:147px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu .elementor-item{font-size:0.875rem;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5114f21 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px -10px 0px -10px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-size:1.125rem;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-size:1.125rem;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c{--icon-size:20px;}}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c{--z-index:2;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-347d27a{--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--z-index:1;}.elementor-32 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-size:1rem;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77923f7{--margin-top:0%;--margin-bottom:0%;--margin-left:0%;--margin-right:0%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d48266c{--padding-top:0%;--padding-bottom:0%;--padding-left:0%;--padding-right:0%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c{--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c.e-con{--flex-grow:0;--flex-shrink:0;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-01370d4 img{width:100px;}.elementor-32 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown li:first-child a{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown li:last-child a{border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown a{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:13px;padding-bottom:13px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu--main > .elementor-nav-menu > li > .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-nav-menu__container.elementor-nav-menu--dropdown{margin-top:-20px !important;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371{--nav-menu-icon-size:25px;width:auto;max-width:auto;z-index:7;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-57px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu .elementor-item{font-size:0.75vw;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-size:0.875rem;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-33fc5fe .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown li:first-child 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-77923f7{--width:97%;--justify-content:flex-end;--align-items:flex-end;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--margin-top:0%;--margin-bottom:0%;--margin-left:0%;--margin-right:0%;--z-index:1;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c{--icon-size:15px;--grid-column-gap:5px;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c .elementor-social-icon{--icon-padding:0.3em;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8a9948c > .elementor-widget-container{margin:-30px 1px 0px 0px;}}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d48266c{--content-width:100%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c{--width:14%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-347d27a{--width:75%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77923f7{--width:8%;}}@media(max-width:1200px) and (min-width:768px){.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d48266c{--content-width:100%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c{--width:20%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-347d27a{--width:68%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77923f7{--width:12%;}}@media(max-width:1024px) and (min-width:768px){.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d48266c{--content-width:98%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-151331c{--width:20%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-347d27a{--width:60%;}.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77923f7{--width:20%;}}/* Start custom CSS for nav-menu, class: .elementor-element-0c04371 */@media screen and (max-width: 767px) { .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 svg { margin-left: 20px; } .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .sub-arrow { margin-right: -15px; } .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0c04371 .elementor-sub-item { 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.elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56 { display: none; } } .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56 .trp-ls-shortcode-current-language, .trp-language-switcher.trp-language-switcher-container .trp-ls-shortcode-language { border-bottom-left-radius: 13px; border-bottom-right-radius: 13px; } @media screen and (min-width: 1124px) { .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56 .elementor-shortcode .trp-ls-shortcode-current-language, .elementor-shortcode .trp-ls-shortcode-language { width: 40% !important; border-top-width: 0px; padding: 4px 8px; height: 40px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 1124px) { .elementor-32 .elementor-element.elementor-element-d44ce56 .elementor-shortcode .trp-ls-shortcode-current-language, .elementor-shortcode .trp-ls-shortcode-language { width: 55px !important; border-top-width: 0px; padding: 0px; } .trp-ls-shortcode-language a { width: 40px; margin-left : -10px; } }/* End custom CSS */ /* Start Custom Fonts CSS 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e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="818f67d" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling":"yes","background_background":"gradient","background_motion_fx_devices":["desktop","tablet_extra","tablet","mobile"]}"><div class="e-con-inner"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-56a54a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="56a54a4" data-element_type="container"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-994a932 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="994a932" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInUp"}" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Micro-organismes : tout savoir sur les microbes</h1></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-204fbe4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="204fbe4" data-element_type="container"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-97336e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="97336e1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Par :</p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d21244d elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="d21244d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"><li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-e43192e elementor-inline-item" itemprop="author"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author"> Marie-Gabrielle Jouan </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3b65805 elementor-align-center elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="3b65805" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"><li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-e43192e elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> <span class="elementor-post-info__item-prefix">Publié le : </span> <time>23 mai 2024</time> </span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4926786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="4926786" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxNTM2IiBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc5MCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDE1MzYgNzkwIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojY2ZkNGRiO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eTogMC4xOyIvPjwvc3ZnPg==" loading="lazy" width="1536" height="790" data-src="https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope-1536x790.jpg" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-2596" alt="Les microbes comprennent les bactéries, les virus, les champignons et les levures" data-srcset="https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope-1536x790.jpg 1536w, https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope-300x154.jpg 300w, https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope-1024x526.jpg 1024w, https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope-768x395.jpg 768w, https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope-18x9.jpg 18w, https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Grossissement-de-microbes-au-microscope.jpg 2000w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-40935a0 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="40935a0" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_position":"absolute","motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse":"yes","motion_fx_mouseTrack_effect":"yes","motion_fx_mouseTrack_speed":{"unit":"px","size":0.3,"sizes":[]},"motion_fx_tilt_effect":"yes","motion_fx_tilt_direction":"negative","motion_fx_tilt_speed":{"unit":"px","size":0.5,"sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="image.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img data-lazyloaded="1" 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elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="c4bfc44" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInUp"}" data-widget_type="icon.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-icon" href="#scroll"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="61" height="61" viewBox="0 0 61 61" fill="none"><circle cx="30.4532" cy="30.4532" r="30.4532" transform="rotate(90 30.4532 30.4532)" fill="#0E1312"></circle><path d="M30.4889 48.2439C30.8794 48.6345 31.5126 48.6345 31.9031 48.2439L38.2671 41.88C38.6576 41.4895 38.6576 40.8563 38.2671 40.4658C37.8766 40.0752 37.2434 40.0752 36.8529 40.4658L31.196 46.1226L25.5392 40.4658C25.1486 40.0752 24.5155 40.0752 24.1249 40.4658C23.7344 40.8563 23.7344 41.4895 24.1249 41.88L30.4889 48.2439ZM30.196 16.3408L30.196 47.5368H32.196V16.3408H30.196Z" fill="white"></path></svg> </a></div></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8b25746 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-absolute elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="8b25746" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_position":"absolute","motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse":"yes","motion_fx_mouseTrack_effect":"yes","motion_fx_mouseTrack_speed":{"unit":"px","size":0.5,"sizes":[]},"motion_fx_tilt_effect":"yes","motion_fx_tilt_direction":"negative","motion_fx_tilt_speed":{"unit":"px","size":3.4,"sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="image.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIyMTIiIGhlaWdodD0iMTc5IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjEyIDE3OSI+PHJlY3Qgd2lkdGg9IjEwMCUiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAwJSIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I2NmZDRkYjtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6IDAuMTsiLz48L3N2Zz4=" loading="lazy" width="212" height="179" data-src="https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/12-1.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-6274" alt="" data-srcset="https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/12-1.png 212w, https://www.bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/12-1-14x12.png 14w" data-sizes="(max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px" /></div></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-71a9eb9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="71a9eb9" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"gradient"}"><div class="e-con-inner"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ec7844f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content" data-id="ec7844f" data-element_type="widget" id="scroll" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeIn"}" data-widget_type="theme-post-content.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Bien souvent accusés de tous les maux, les microbes n’ont pas bonne réputation. Pourtant, quand on s’intéresse d’un peu plus près à leurs capacités, on s’aperçoit que dans la grande majorité d’entre eux, qu’ils sont en réalité nos amis. Vous ne nous croyez pas ? Lisez donc ce qui suit !</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Les microbes, c’est comme les bactéries et les virus : vrai ou faux ?</h2><p>« Petit » et « Vie ». « Mikros » et « Bios ». C’est en combinant ces deux mots grecs que le médecin militaire français Charles-Emmanuel Sédillot a désigné pour la première fois en 1878 les êtres vivants de taille microscopique. Hasard de l’histoire, cette communication survint seulement un mois avant que Louis Pasteur ne présente sa <strong>théorie des germes</strong> qui suggère que de nombreuses maladies sont provoquées par des micro-organismes.</p><p>Cette théorie, si elle est devenue un pilier de la médecine moderne et de la microbiologie clinique et a ouvert la voie à des avancées majeures comme l’adoption de pratiques d’hygiène préventive et le développement des antibiotiques, a aussi fait beaucoup de mal à la réputation des microbes. Réputation encore bien abîmée de nos jours, même s’il y a du mieux !</p><p>Car à l’époque, aucune distinction (ou presque) n’était faite entre les différents microbes. Il est donc essentiel de rappeler qu’<strong>il n’y a pas une seule espèce de microbes mais bien plusieurs</strong>, chacune avec des caractéristiques différentes.</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Les bactéries</h3><p>Les bactéries appartiennent à la famille des procaryotes et sont des <strong>micro-organismes unicellulaires dépourvus de noyau </strong>(par opposition aux eucaryotes qui eux ont un noyau). Elles se composent donc uniquement d’une membrane contenant le cytoplasme intracellulaire, riche en enzymes, acides aminés, protéines, etc. Jusqu’à 50 fois plus fines qu’un cheveu, elles ne sont visibles qu’au microscope.</p><p>Apparues il y a plus de trois milliards d’années, <strong>les bactéries sont parmi les premières formes de vie sur Terre et ont colonisé tous les environnements terrestres.</strong></p><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://bgene.fr/plongez-au-coeur-du-metabolisme-bacterien/">Pour en savoir plus sur les bactéries, c’est par ici !</a></div></div><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Les virus</h3><p>Un virus est un agent infectieux microscopique qui ne peut assurer aucune fonction vitale par lui-même. Il <strong>ne peut survivre et se répliquer qu’en pénétrant dans une cellule hôte et en utilisant sa machinerie cellulaire</strong>. En clair, c’est un parasite qui vit aux dépens de l’hôte qui veut bien l’accueillir (en général contre son gré !). On dit que sont des parasites intracellulaires obligatoires.</p><p>Les virus sont capables d’infecter à peu près tous les organismes, des bactéries (on les appelle alors les bactériophages) aux plantes, en passant par les animaux et même d’autres virus.</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Les champignons</h3><p>Les champignons sont des organismes eucaryotes, généralement pluricellulaires, qui <strong>se nourrissent par absorption de matières organiques.</strong></p><p>La plupart des champignons sont constitués de filaments appelés hyphes, qui s’entremêlent pour former un réseau appelé mycélium. Leur corps reproducteur, le sporophore, produit des spores assurant leur dissémination.</p><p>Les gros champignons visibles à l’œil nu et qui font le bonheur des cueilleurs ne sont pas considérés comme des microbes.</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Les levures</h3><p>Les levures sont aussi des champignons, mais qui ne comprennent qu’une seule cellule. Elles sont donc microscopiques et entrent dans la catégorie des microbes. <strong>Les levures sont </strong><a href="https://bgene.fr/la-fermentation-la-plus-moderne-des-techniques-ancestrales/">capables de réaliser la fermentation</a>, c’est-à-dire la conversion des sucres en alcool et dioxyde de carbone en l’absence d’oxygène.</p><p>Parmi les espèces courantes de levures, on trouve les saccharomyces (« myce » comme « mycélium ») dont l’espèce S. cerevisiae, plus connue sous le nom de levure de boulanger, est utilisée dans la fabrication de produits fermentés comme le pain, la bière et le vin.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Tous responsables de maladies, les microbes ? Vraiment ?</h2><p>« Je suis malade, c’est sûrement la faute d’un microbe ». Combien de fois avons-nous dit ou entendu ça ?</p><p>Aux yeux du grand public, les micro-organismes ne se sont jamais relevés de la théorie des germes de Pasteur. Pourtant, <strong>tout n’est pas négatif au royaume des microbes</strong>.</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Les micro-organismes au secours de l’humanité.</h3><p>Ne minimisons pas les choses, certaines bactéries sont responsables d’infections et de terribles maladies telles que la peste, le choléra, et la tuberculose, ou moins sévères comme l’angine. C’est d’ailleurs pour lutter contre ce type d’agents pathogènes que <strong>les antibiotiques</strong> (étymologiquement « contre la vie ») ont été inventés. En stoppant la multiplication des bactéries, ils permettent au corps de se défendre et d’éliminer le danger.</p><p>D’un autre côté, de nombreuses autres bactéries sont inoffensives et certaines sont même <strong>extrêmement bénéfiques</strong> pour les espèces vivantes, humains compris. Ainsi :</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>Les bonnes bactéries de la flore intestinale</strong> (les probiotiques) sont indispensables à la santé digestive et au bon fonctionnement du système immunitaire.</li><li>D’autres vivent <strong>en symbiose avec les plantes</strong>. Elles jouent des rôles cruciaux dans les cycles du carbone, de l’oxygène et de l’azote et sont indispensables à presque tous les écosystèmes.</li><li>Tous les êtres vivants en bonne santé (plantes, champignons, animaux, insectes, etc.) recèlent <strong>une diversité impressionnante de micro-organismes</strong>, formant des microbiotes spécifiques essentiels à l’équilibre de la biodiversité. Par exemple, les champignons jouent un rôle majeur dans les écosystèmes en décomposant la matière organique morte.</li></ul><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Quand les virus peuvent soigner</h3><p>Les virus sont malins et ont une capacité d’adaptation incroyable. Tout le monde a pu s’en rendre compte lors de la pandémie de Covid-19 avec l’incroyable rythme de mutations du virus Sars-CoV2. Alors aussi incroyable que cela puisse paraître, certains virus peuvent aider à soigner.</p><p>Dans cette optique, on distingue 3 cas de figure :</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>La thérapie génique</strong>, où les virus servent de transporteurs aux gènes thérapeutiques. On tire alors partie de la capacité des virus à aller se fixer sur des cellules bien ciblées.</li><li><strong>La phagothérapie</strong>, où l’on cible des bactéries pathogènes grâce à des virus bactériophages. Très utile en cas de résistance aux antibiotiques.</li><li><strong>La vaccination</strong>, où l’on injecte au patient l’antigène spécifique issu du microbe responsable de la maladie. Antigène contre lequel il sera plus tard capable de se défendre seul.</li></ul><figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAMPDwwAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" decoding="async" data-src="https://bgene.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Des-microbes-tres-dangeureux-1024x798.jpg" alt="Tous les microbes ne sont pas dangereux, loin de là !" class="wp-image-2595" style="width:1000px;height:auto"/></figure><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Comment BGene utilise les pouvoirs des microbes</h2><p>Chez BGene, nous sommes expert·es en microbes. Ces minuscules organismes vivants n’ont aucun secret pour nous et nous savons tirer le meilleur de leurs extraordinaires capacités.</p><p>S’ils ne travaillent pas sur les virus, nos BGeners sont en revanche capables de donner des supers pouvoirs à des bactéries et à des levures afin de produire des molécules l’intérêt à destination des industries de la cosmétique ou de la pharmacie.</p><p>Pour cela, nous utilisons deux spécialités complémentaires :</p><h3 class="wp-block-heading">La bio-informatique</h3><p>Dans notre <a href="https://bgene.fr/quoi-de-neuf-dans-le-dry-lab-de-bgene/">DryLab</a>, nous fabriquons des solutions sur mesure pour nos clients. Selon les composés et les molécules dont ils ont besoin, nous utilisons les modules que nous avons créés.</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Le module<strong> Pathway Finder </strong>identifie les réactions chimiques et métaboliques nécessaires à la production d’un précurseur d’arôme par exemple</li><li>Le module <strong>Host Finder</strong> sélectionne la bactérie ou la levure la plus à même de le fabriquer.</li><li>Le module <strong>Dezyme</strong> trouve les enzymes nécessaires au déclenchement de ces réactions chimiques.</li><li>Enfin, le module <strong>MAD4BIO</strong> regroupe toutes les données précédentes et optimise les relations entre elles.</li></ul><h3 class="wp-block-heading">Les biotechnologies</h3><p>Notre <strong>WetLab</strong> se compose de cinq modules interdépendants, conçus pour exploiter les données fournies par notre pôle de <a href="https://bgene.fr/la-bio-informatique-cest-quoi/">Sciences Informatiques</a>.</p><ul class="wp-block-list"><li>Le module<strong> HostID</strong> identifie la souche microbienne idéale pour produire un ingrédient spécifique. Cette sélection s’appuie sur les recherches bio-informatiques effectuées par le module HostFinder.</li><li>Le module <strong>ToolBox</strong> développe les outils génétiques et les protocoles nécessaires pour manipuler le châssis sélectionné par HostID.</li><li>Le module <strong>Build-It</strong> intègre les informations génétiques identifiées par Pathway Finder dans le génome du châssis grâce aux outils de ToolBox. À cette étape, le châssis microbien est prêt pour la production.</li><li>Le module <strong>Pathway Up</strong> améliore l’efficacité de la production.</li><li>Le module <strong>ScaleUp</strong>, est quant à lui dédié à la production par fermentation de précision. Il est couplé au <a href="https://bgene.fr/downstream-process-la-purete-et-le-rendement-au-coeur-de-cette-etape-essentielle-aux-produits-bgene/">Downstream Process</a>, qui permet d’obtenir des composés d’intérêt à différents degrés de pureté.</li></ul><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://bgene.fr/">Tout connaître de notre entreprise et de nos expertises</a></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8fac46d elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8fac46d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p><b>Autres articles<br /></b></p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-82b235c elementor-widget 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