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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotdagi_xizmatlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotdagi_xizmatlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adabiyotdagi xizmatlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotdagi_xizmatlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fandagi_xizmatlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fandagi_xizmatlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fandagi xizmatlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fandagi_xizmatlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adabiyotlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Albrecht von Haller</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 34 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ألبرشت فون هالر – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبرشت فون هالر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="البرشت فون هالر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البرشت فون هالر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="آلبرشت فون هالر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلبرشت فون هالر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альбрэхт фон Галер – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альбрэхт фон Галер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Албрехт фон Халер – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Албрехт фон Халер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="آلبرشت فون هالر – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبرشت فون هالر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%BF_%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալբրեխտ ֆոն Հալլեր – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալբրեխտ ֆոն Հալլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="アルブレヒト・フォン・ハラー – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルブレヒト・フォン・ハラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ალბრეხტ ჰალერი – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბრეხტ ჰალერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%9E%88%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%95%A0%EB%9F%AC" title="알브레히트 폰 할러 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알브레히트 폰 할러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_de_Haller" title="Albertus de Haller – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albertus de Haller" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Галлер, Альбрехт фон – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галлер, Альбрехт фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Albrecht von Haller – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albrecht von Haller" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альбрехт фон Галлер – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альбрехт фон Галлер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123225#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Haller" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Albrecht_von_Haller" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><p><b>Albrecht fon Haller</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili">nemischa</a>:<i> Albrecht von Haller </i> ; <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a> - <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>) - <a href="/wiki/Shveysariya" title="Shveysariya">shveysariyalik</a> anatom, fiziolog, tabiatshunos va <a href="/wiki/Shoir" title="Shoir">shoir</a>. <a href="/wiki/London_qirollik_jamiyati" title="London qirollik jamiyati">London Qirollik jamiyati</a> aʼzosi (1739)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Fransiya_fanlar_akademiyasi" title="Fransiya fanlar akademiyasi">Parij Fanlar akademiyasining</a> xorijiy aʼzosi (1754), Sankt-Peterburg Fanlar akademiyasining xorijiy faxriy aʼzosi (1776). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografiya">Biografiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Biografiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografiya"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Chylus._Urina._Semen_V00250_00000006.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="3724" /></a><figcaption> Elementa physiologiae corporis humani VIII</figcaption></figure> <p>Albrecht fon Haller 1708-yilda <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> shahrida patritsiyan oilasida tug'ilgan. 15-yoshidan boshlab, u tragediyalar va komediyalar yozgan va Shveysariya Ittifoqining boshlanishi haqida 4000 misradan iborat epik she'r yozgan. 1723-yilda u <a href="/wiki/Tyubingen_universiteti" title="Tyubingen universiteti">Tübingen</a> universitetiga o'qishga kirdi va u yerdan mashhur Boerhaaveni tinglash uchun <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leydenga</a> ko'chib o'tdi. 19 yoshida u tibbiyot fanlari doktori darajasini oldi, shundan so'ng Angliya va Fransiya bo'ylab sayohat qildi va <a href="/wiki/Bazel" title="Bazel">Bazelda</a> Iogan Bernoullidan oliy matematikani tingladi. 1728-yilda Gesner bilan birgalikda tog'larga ekskursiya qildi va botanika bo'yicha katta ish uchun material to'pladi va o'zining mashhur "Alp tog'lari" tavsifiy she'rini ko'rib chiqdi. Bazelda ikkinchi bo'lib, u yerda anatomiya bo'yicha ma'ruzalar o'qiganidan so'ng, Xaller 1729-yilda Bernga qaytib keldi va tez orada mashhur shifokorga aylandi. 1732-yilda Xallerning imzosisiz nashr etilgan, uning she'rlar kitobi ("Versuch schweiz. Gedichte") o'sha paytda nemis she'riyatining bir nechta ixlosmandlarining e'tiborini unga qaratdi. Uning "Yovuzlikning kelib chiqishi to'g'risida" didaktik she'ri ko'plab tillarga va, aytmoqchi, rus tiliga ikki marta tarjima qilingan (<a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a> tomonidan 1786-yilda nashrda va 1798-yilda Pyotr Bogdanov tomonidan she'rda). 1736-yilda u yangi ochilgan <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_universiteti" title="Göttingen universiteti">Gettingen universitetining</a> tibbiyot va botanika kafedralariga professor <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_universiteti" title="Göttingen universiteti">unvoninoldi vava</a> u yerda anatomik teatr va botanika bog'iga asos soldi. 1742-yilda uning uzoq muddatli "Enumeratio methodica stirpium Helvetiae <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_universiteti" title="Göttingen universiteti">indigenarumdebr</a><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_universiteti" title="Göttingen universiteti">nomlangan asari</a> i nashr etildi va 9 yildan so'ng u Qirollik fanlar jamiyatini (Socieät der Wissenschaftea) ochdi va uni doimiy prezidenti etib <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_universiteti" title="Göttingen universiteti">sayndadi</a>. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Gyottingenda</a> Xaller o'z tinglovchilarining hurmati va sevgisidan bahramand bo'ldi va hamma joyda - dunyodagi birinchi olimlardan birining shon-sharafi; Imperator Frans I unga zodagonlikni berdi; ingliz qiroli uni davlat maslahatchisi va hayot shifokori qildi; <a href="/wiki/Utrext" title="Utrext">Utrext</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oksford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a> va <a href="/wiki/Sankt-Peterburg" title="Sankt-Peterburg">Sankt-Peterburgga</a> chaqirilgan; lekin Bern uni buyuk kengash aʼzoligiga tanlaganida, oʻz yurtiga boʻlgan muhabbat uni barcha sharaf va unvonlardan voz kechib, vataniga qaytishga majbur qildi. Bernda, Albrecht tuz konlariga asos solgan, tibbiyot politsiyasini tashkil etgan, qishloq xoʻjaligini rivojlantirishga koʻmaklashgan va hokazo... Bu davrda oʻzining ilmiy ishlaridan: tuxumda embrion rivojlanishi, suyaklarning oʻsishi va ayniqsa, 8 -jildli kitobi- "Elementa physiologiae corporis humani" (<a href="/wiki/Lozanna" title="Lozanna">Lozanna</a>, 1755-66) ahamiyatga sazovordir. Bundan tashqari, u bir qator to'plamlarni nashr etdi (Bibliotheca botanica, <a href="/wiki/Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich">Tsyurix</a>, 1771-2; Bibliotheca anatomica, o'sha yerda, 1774-77; Bibl. chirurgica, Bazel, 1774-75 va tugallanmagan Bibl. medicinae.", 1776-87). Uning “De functionibus corporis humani praecipuarum partium” nomli keng qamrovli fiziologik monografiyasi fan tarixida katta ahamiyatga ega. U tomonidan asos solingan Göttingen "Gelehrten Anzeigen" da u 2000 tagacha sharhlarni joylashtirdi. Galler uchta axloqiy-siyosiy-tarixiy roman ("Usong", 1771; "Alfred", 1773 va "Fabius und Kato", 1774; "Alfred"ni 1788-yilda E. Runix rus tiliga tarjima qilgan; "Fabius va Katon" romanini yozgan. - P. Polonskiy 1793-yilda) yozdi, unda u boshqaruvning turli shakllari haqida o'z fikrlarini bildiradi. Xoller qarigan chogʻida fransuz “ma’rifatparvar” adabiyotiga juda gʻamgin va dushman boʻlib qoldi. </p><p> U <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a> yilda vafot etdi.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albrecht fon Hallerdan ekslibris. Fondazione BEIC"><img alt="Albrecht fon Hallerdan ekslibris. Fondazione BEIC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg/180px-Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg/270px-Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg/360px-Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="725" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albrecht fon Hallerdan ekslibris. Fondazione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_europea_di_informazione_e_cultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura (sahifa yaratilmagan)">BEIC</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albrecht fon Hallerdan ekslibris. Fondazione BEIC"><img alt="Albrecht fon Hallerdan ekslibris. Fondazione BEIC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg/180px-Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg/270px-Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg/360px-Ex_Libris_Albrecht_von_Haller_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albrecht fon Hallerdan ekslibris. Fondazione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_europea_di_informazione_e_cultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura (sahifa yaratilmagan)">BEIC</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albrecht fon Hallerning qo'lyozma eslatmalari. Fondazione BEIC"><img alt="Albrecht fon Hallerning qo'lyozma eslatmalari. Fondazione BEIC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg/180px-Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg/270px-Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg/360px-Albrecht_von_Haller_ms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albrecht fon Hallerning qo'lyozma eslatmalari. Fondazione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_europea_di_informazione_e_cultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura (sahifa yaratilmagan)">BEIC</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Haller_architettonico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albrecht fon Hallerdan mis o'yma ekslibris. Fondazione BEIC"><img alt="Albrecht fon Hallerdan mis o'yma ekslibris. Fondazione BEIC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Haller_architettonico.jpg/152px-Haller_architettonico.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Haller_architettonico.jpg/228px-Haller_architettonico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Haller_architettonico.jpg/304px-Haller_architettonico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="903" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albrecht fon Hallerdan mis o'yma ekslibris. Fondazione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_europea_di_informazione_e_cultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura (sahifa yaratilmagan)">BEIC</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotdagi_xizmatlari">Adabiyotdagi xizmatlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotdagi xizmatlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotdagi xizmatlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Galler ajoyib she'riy iste'dodga ega emas edi, ammo uning ijodining tarixiy va adabiy ahamiyati juda katta. Uning she’rlarida samimiyat koʻp, birorta ham ortiqcha soʻz yoʻq; Alp tog'larida u ko'rganlarini shu qadar aniqlik bilan tasvirlaydiki, hatto o'sha paytdagi nemis nashri ham bunga erisha olmadi. Toʻgʻri, bu ta’riflar ba’zan haddan tashqari mufassal va ilmiy boʻlib, uning sof lirik asarlarida samimiy tuygʻulardan kelib chiqqan boʻlsa ham, sovuq aql koʻpincha oʻzini juda aniq namoyon qiladi; lekin boshqa tomondan, ularda mardlik kuchini eshitish mumkin, ayniqsa oldingi avlod nemis shoirlarining noaniqligbir edi.i. Xollerning xizmati shundaki, u she'riyat uchun baland ovozli qofiyalar bilan quloqni quvontirishdan ko'ra yuqoriroq vazifani ko'rsatdi. Uning she'rlarining keng tarjimai holi bilan tanqidiy nashri L. Xirzel (Frauenfeld, 188 bir.). U haqida monografi ham borya: "Haller und seine Bedeutung für die deutsche Kultur", Lissauer (Berlin, 1873). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fandagi_xizmatlari">Fandagi xizmatlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Fandagi xizmatlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fandagi xizmatlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Albrecht_von_Haller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Albrecht_von_Haller.jpg/220px-Albrecht_von_Haller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Albrecht_von_Haller.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption> Fon Xallerning portreti</figcaption></figure> <p>Hallerning anatomiya va fiziologiyadagi xizmatlari juda muhimdir. U dastlab kichik maqolalar shaklida anatomiya masalalari bo'yicha ko'plab tuzatish va qo'shimchalarni nashr etdi, keyin ularni anatomiya bo'yicha ikkita asosiy asarida to'pladi: "Opuscula anatomica minora" (<a href="/wiki/Lozanna" title="Lozanna">Lozanna</a>, 1765) va yuqorida aytib o'tilgan "Icones anatomicae". U o'zining "Opuscula patological" asarida patologik anatomiyani o'rgangan (1755); u hayvonlar ustidagi anatomik ishlari bilan zootomiyaga yoʻl ochdi; <a href="/wiki/Embriologiya" title="Embriologiya">embriologiya</a> - tuxumdagi embrionning rivojlanishini kuzatish ham shuning jumlasidandir. Fiziologiyada u <a href="/wiki/Garvey_Vilyam" title="Garvey Vilyam">Xarvining</a> qon aylanish nazariyasidagi bo'shliqlarini to'ldirdi va eng nozik tomirlardagi qon oqimiga nisbatan hozir ham o'z qiymatini saqlab qolgan qarashlarni o'rnatdi. Nafas olishning mexanik va kimyoviy jihatlari bo'yicha u "Derespiratione experimenta anatomica" (<a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Gyottingen</a>, 1746 va 1749), "Memoires sur la respiration" va "Opera minora"ning ikkinchi jildida ham to'g'riroq qarashlarni o'rnatdi. Xallerning ayniqsa muhim xizmati uning nervlar va mushaklar faoliyati bo'yicha eksperimental tadqiqotlaridir. U birinchi bo'lib mushak tolalarining uchta xususiyatini to'g'ri ajratdi: elastiklik, asab qo'zg'atuvchilariga javob berish qobiliyati va mexanik va kimyoviy ogohlantirishlarga mustaqil javob berish qobiliyati. U asabiylashish deb atagan oxirgi xususiyat; bu kontseptsiya bo'yicha, u umumlashtirilib, nervlarga, shilliq pardalarga, bezlarga va boshqalarga o'tkazilgandan so'ng. h.k., keyinchalik butun patologik tizimlar ajratilgan. Haller Karl Linneyning 1735-yilda nashr etilgan jinsiy o'simliklar tasnifi tizimini keskin tanqid qildi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (va unchalik yaxshi bahslashmagan). " <i>De metodico studio studio botanices absque praeceptore"</i> (Göttingen, 1736) <a href="/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika">botanika</a> asarida Haller o'simliklarning tashqi ko'rinishi va ularning tabiiy munosabatlari va urug'lanish organlarining o'zaro bog'liqligi asosida qurilgan tabiiy tizimning asoslarini berdi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Keyinchalik Haller o'zining 15 yoshli o'g'li Gottlib Emanuel nomidan <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Karl Linneyning</a> yozuvlarini keskin tanqid qildi: <i>Dubia ex Linnei fundamentis hausta</i> (Göttingen, 1751). Avstriyalik fan tarixchisi Jozef Shultes 1817-yilda Xaller haqida yozgan edi: u "o'z davrining eng buyuk odami va undan keyin yashaganlar orasida hali ham tengsiz". Shult, Xallerning Linneyni tanqid qilganligi munosabati bilan, "Haller insoniyat bilimining har bir sohasida Linney faqat tabiiy tarix sohasida qanday bo'lsa," deb yozgan. Shultes Xallerning “Shveysariya florasi” asarini alohida qadrlab, uni oʻlmas asar deb atadi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)%3D%27NA6799%27)">Haller; Albrecht von (1708 - 1777)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup><sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEЛебедев1986_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛебедев1986">Лебедев 1986</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFЛебедев1986 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Галлер, Халлер (Haller) Альбрехт // Газлифт — Гоголево. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1971. — С. 69. — (Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров ; 1969—1978, т. 6).</li> <li>Кирпичников А. И. Галлер, Альбрехт // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.</li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFЛебедев1986"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лебедев, Даниил Владимирович (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Лебедев Д. В.</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/lebedev1986_ocherki_botan_istoriogr.djvu">Очерки по ботанической историографии (XIX — начало XX в.)</a></i>. Л.: Наука, 1986.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%28XIX+%E2%80%94+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+XX+%D0%B2.%29&rft.au=%5B%5B%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%2C+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%7C%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%94.+%D0%92.%5D%5D&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9B. &rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherba.msu.ru%2Fshipunov%2Fschool%2Fbooks%2Flebedev1986_ocherki_botan_istoriogr.djvu"> </span> Архивная копия от 15 марта 2016 на Wayback Machine</li> <li><i>Меркулов В. Л.</i> Альбрехт Галлер — Л.: Наука, 1981. — 183 с.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&oldid=5176958">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_von_Haller&oldid=5176958</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Kishilar" title="Turkum:Kishilar">Kishilar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:1777-yilda_vafot_etganlar" title="Turkum:1777-yilda vafot etganlar">1777-yilda vafot etganlar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:12-dekabrda_vafot_etganlar" title="Turkum:12-dekabrda vafot 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