CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133f796cf5aff82',cH: 'Cc7ZJiUig2zVEjlhDzXDDCKjpsBAhLucZMif3aR_SKM-1739776326-1.2.1.1-Nbsb3r0CiMEKuBg.cFqPYisvuS1hvXOZxvUgqcBQJrxUsy66l7aP15_3GFCsz0I0',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=filter&__cf_chl_tk=4GXlKni3Qp_ZgjYIly4UbrICORI3WzgHc.tP498vJ0I-1739776326-1.0.1.1-Vl8lBKRfkH6ocZplGbyr9w84VOn.s0sa7iRKexhCaEY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776326',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=filter&__cf_chl_f_tk=4GXlKni3Qp_ZgjYIly4UbrICORI3WzgHc.tP498vJ0I-1739776326-1.0.1.1-Vl8lBKRfkH6ocZplGbyr9w84VOn.s0sa7iRKexhCaEY",md: "GXOKCM.q8g3LrB.OF9.BzpkowahK6VTy9C7BQKPlrAI-1739776326-1.2.1.1-hZ7e1n1J682KZSASNQfPYHd5o6HHYC9y1uuUYsSxlrjVqelzDvR2lUurPXHu2GyDQ8ZqwUaZFX5LAYb3IHcCknzw7HhoMTWVGRU_wJooNBGRtfKxBQlw5IfB15F4Q25rF3Pqh_OjARS5qaEBDBpIOtLKputf4jXLrfKZcn5mOz2ckMITZ0bGQRtLw1XGE2jmypn9eSCpdvSRehDE7zsOsq8mtcDS.HDhznwGZGfFrzFu4yAqKk.SiHbeGjcuPM.ABnrfQC7RvMQjAUw16h6P8n_X6f3zN4FroBcTr1mIfMibTaaqHnFnKgWbxvg6hHIku9Bc61qWkX2eSd9nFjA0s5EeUhcED7JZkxB5Ejxbpr0FsPWPDgTaO8uLhs4IhAb1N1yC2ODU42s6gbUuHsKh.4QPy12lHiByPrAknJ_nNB0QvqcTItEjuzHs0IzLKx69dWYAgfL7Xw4sJRCSjvTCBDfYTWCOc7zewDmD6EKJ8QJVdtYtl0WZ0Jssfmr1qM9CyrDC9779tFBmTHQGDfTBcRd39NaT9JSPDOfU1Cs2mOfqht1C77MNFZvOnobuDjQpjLe9AIWafe9WTSx2DuNThj.CVhxU8CW4e5qyzlPF_qfjamfQ1sV.5jCecDv6DXSyKB3TrgumoaI.1OYNjPMKiQZ5f_x_3zjtKtgLfg9B_aoFenazSHOQN3gfEmnyqF5_TPBbNIHyFozEQRqJZcs90weMcrw8DjWHHoWJeGPxjiUoZyvWqtZHjxMSKp3iK1knlqWQPnXHr2iopyrmPffxc4K4Vsb_WL4gvHpnsbG0h5eLek8LtNdnw2LE6HQtDVCbWxfFrCoP5tzTH8VDFjwKO0zru6_V.OnzRXO3t5B3H_5VnvB2rgWEwbdURc331X8FN4Jg2byX7BsyFPi6zqBa4y6gqvyQ2NqBo7a35gms01zG5dWFSmskG5DOzsKwBf9zBG0wXuKHZzwpQ1BVe6OPIw9KLH3.uSlAONkkNdRBlC3wJpqjN9WV52Eb5zW8D9TJHE8svqk3KOSDR8BUnEygSItvc8PWLBJHH826fc4vrXS7hiMtbdkbttf49ouuqk3WdyxfCQNhxdgIO5DSJe.ZIjO8u4ZTOwYUE9huQAVgLLZGiJYd7Mp8B3o1iUyXZYGO3GID6cZ53prRdyrME_ff3wkvII8Yrht1VGzdCSpUx5_GJdRgP4PpFe3bzVBMmVG7U67rUHlExEjhkOm1yBv5JQi_Xt.USaFEZ3jfXvYrKsYZTyb9lXrNPzYL8GEjR3oaXOAnVGkHbS9jC7HS38RO0jfXz9z8h6oXpL07XHBFxGpyb4aVDlC.BybB8CCnCPyD3gfTmutPUenQOot25WNc_R.1yTG3RqpZmp6lEz8Gzw6KJ_Tgjo1ft6QmklpnmaJFqucckQ3Moaww.DJ1BH3e7bwsn0KfNJMUGOIDOjkX7INB1qP_eVKjcU6bDj_R5AEWx0fW4YAohL5rFAAAvTRRQ8RJFI3KtfiBycjT9bvaAbBGC_Lsslrv5CAToLwFN2hrTNODTZMN2ta1np_MC6R36wa.4sJY2KxOogCcoPeswtOit2RbZ0_GRuHg4Zk4LK.E74QL_H47LkmzHNkoTn_uIUgJ5BxFrnLlcVafqZ2lCu1nANnJdCEH.oJ4TP0FvOXc0CW24hGm5y_7VjON8y4xo9LsnXCY6D1GKhbtOuN7fbMndRSkeDvGvqm5xPtW1fxv1wnzHiD0iREpWQHNEehQg7KPfS2no3LaOaofZ0CUhNGI7_JoQGK.55lf2V.7MtFUWI.WJtG6P_ZpMt966HnaEaaQHEFXie6DOq.IqUumFktGT3gQqb2WmO8licxLyNZowA2Vb67_3pQZGa51DuIFOTI3GIEDkqzqINOZ_wlNfvUTy0fIQ_7QCwyjuBJlyTTAbZMOjFuCDjtETLa2oRK2HA",mdrd: "JuBn.9iZiv2OMm54deCHdpPq8BvYuIj6zfVVKkCxebI-1739776326-1.2.1.1-bN21JJimBQzQ1svImiy_5e1ln8RWWpaTJgZrJSI0iSS13m5ZTNJ5_a.YRlqwp6npSLKA_LucPiQthxvHc7.xpUHZfvUUVZMMnlplBkznC9S4jPzqRNDL7vPTzI16V6TG80ktfdJLM2R3IBJn6aRtOoi6uNMbJBoMS42MKEpl1LHZZAqEglWzHJSg7pNdl5kL4foPZxdLRL5xz8FY6jvJ2jN0DLqi.ayjwvrg4q1iBxtO_4KIv0rGXrns3PVCID8cggZcYrUF_ryYpS.4Hj.tJ94Qfb9_eySbn.SBGQUH_TrGfLzN8Q3.LOMeMdYRN7cu4GBWzzdggjlYFO62EwPWNfWkLdPQDJXO_GXK7Ln8J3I60OMMGf2QKNuMT5kNwLM5AEJy0JviHrXu82bMTvUokjSyjdE0QqNrcb8F5bkh7v092t7T9VLkLIQ5cbAxue6EGw8R6kC0.oTPYOTHMwZSh9cWNMuIUZldUsQO94NhCQTPZB33Ttt6jSN_AfT8bIjg25.8GhsgNkv91EuUfBW1fkXRts659fWHfo.8JJZ2uSnXpY9FzEjtczmHCD9N0NtkFNfAm9RQyg82QoIDwfQUiTqacJR1aCA92o9nCj92..Hfi9McvP6mM90lW.ogJpWhYS2NlhVznakTd7TTZJDg3NwN5yEhKqPezJK_RIRu8z8dROE9QB4sylTyY6hhkOQmzne.axV3GQOyj90Rpb7sKKG_GQJ9fVcz43w.HPz8hP53M82Ij9S6Muoj.YP5yk6O8_yyxGtY98Odv8S87qa4.o_BfMjwBq9SinhVW_5Es5CRYfXojbfOjWrd7EjNa1Vcl_fJOsb5l3TL4GZYDQSqIDlcDBFvDrZDIoxg_ofSo9M7egAVA85lk13UfoFaq7zDbxJRJosuYJ68P_.8rWle1XSVq7FcfDL2W4QvjBWMcUSKTKaJYAaDimG.0BdzoWX94d.yI._T0xOhn3syf_xFUgxVRFVT25SNxeYV24NHewwid7385N3TzkfgO0A69jO.bfvrQBq0s_8FId1EnpSv2e6ZUomVJDKKbp_QGN600DUbu_3FwTgR47EyUfqVYrlwefDmkQT4x2zQlvrFlDw4HbF1g6XxZeJIMgheGHiZP07KmYgbxUJqB0SVf3WNQCe9XUnFPsLn3pYQf4NzkYqpyzFvU9WuyVPNHOnqbHptAEKxU_GOyuW2nEJwu_CYet6XVHL_jlWNEHREtWl3HO9BnWZYSwFxv5Lg0_g4XlR9gmj31ouCgayTkurmY9ZugnSWOEtBSP_xdH63XGdVFRg8rHzmZTcyqzIYqDHggmtQL2u7dD4.SFGLl4dIBVMZp.9D13MHK4eFf7_CTTkS.XKgVlUMDGdofI8Isr_8TeI_yutAObvUzNXiyIiv3w3kHJIa_.L5jyEgDvi7EqqsfDh3HF55F48PQaGxW6WcyQ_NXNxM_25h9ywYTAIEyqcmtOL_rTXt7.KmI_mT_sGl_cKsnPvG4TXW3SuppE0peaBCX0AJzOklfffa6CqWpfVghiLKgpU5CsMXX17CwJsjHIX.cTVatxu4wxEeWaqVS1o0zZu8x2liyCClikm5fkGeNivI7o35_fA7dzpQEC0YBc.2oeKCEQbYKz2edZBxsBGqe5ikofJNZQiIzBwk4MXpGD0dwH1hYijSjsABHDvyLgtm31glaNO6l9Peepap0qW1YQYBZBKPFU8_fsg1M_WUmdVqBZGE1Q.56kpjsQs7qb.8Ek5IrRk9NKAanqw4e4CNzuWIH2ZxOQhRghbWey5v0nb.b8bGH1eptYWrvqLhQ5OVf5mIZyPhKvlQgSFJcDwea0i744axuBAAFBg3KCf6KmCkovyaQYTNM8dLEhW5_FrjlWpGn0Ehc6S8_RBOWPqCvaG5t7pOMF_tq_siUXZE._5goq4YlGstCig.BeVTHVqbyzmPuCeqkpJIXuPK9I8eHIt6E.4h0osQMTItEEcA9BLU"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133f796cf5aff82';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=filter&__cf_chl_rt_tk=4GXlKni3Qp_ZgjYIly4UbrICORI3WzgHc.tP498vJ0I-1739776326-1.0.1.1-Vl8lBKRfkH6ocZplGbyr9w84VOn.s0sa7iRKexhCaEY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>