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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meditation_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meditation_in_the_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Meditation in the Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meditation_in_the_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemplative_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemplative_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Contemplative prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemplative_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of prayer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_prayer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of prayer subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Daily_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daily_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Daily prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daily_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canonical_hours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonical_hours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Canonical hours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_hours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lord's_Prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lord's_Prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Lord's Prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lord's_Prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sign_of_the_Cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sign_of_the_Cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Sign of the Cross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sign_of_the_Cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mealtime_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mealtime_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Mealtime prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mealtime_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seasonal_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seasonal_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Seasonal prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seasonal_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercession_of_saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercession_of_saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Intercession of saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercession_of_saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meditation_and_contemplative_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meditation_and_contemplative_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Meditation and contemplative prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meditation_and_contemplative_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercessory_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercessory_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Intercessory prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercessory_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ejaculatory_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ejaculatory_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Ejaculatory prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ejaculatory_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listening_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listening_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Listening prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listening_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child's_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child's_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Child's prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child's_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prayer_books_and_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prayer_books_and_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prayer books and tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prayer_books_and_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References and footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_and_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian prayer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="صلاة (مسيحية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صلاة (مسيحية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Молитва в християнството – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Молитва в християнството" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preg%C3%A0ria_cristiana" title="Pregària cristiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pregària cristiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2_(%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="نماز (مسیحیت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نماز (مسیحیت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pri%C3%A8re_dans_le_christianisme" title="Prière dans le christianisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prière dans le christianisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82" title="𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%84" title="기독교의 기도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교의 기도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doa_Kristen" title="Doa Kristen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Doa Kristen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prieres" title="Prieres – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Prieres" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sembahyang_Kristian" title="Sembahyang Kristian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sembahyang Kristian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modlitwa_w_chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84stwie" title="Modlitwa w chrześcijaństwie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Modlitwa w chrześcijaństwie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayer_in_Christianity" title="Prayer in Christianity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prayer in Christianity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хришћанска молитва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хришћанска молитва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukoilu_kristinuskossa" title="Rukoilu kristinuskossa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rukoilu kristinuskossa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6n_(kristendom)" title="Bön (kristendom) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bön (kristendom)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%A8" title="క్రైస్తవ ప్రార్థన – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రైస్తవ ప్రార్థన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="การอธิษฐานในศาสนาคริสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การอธิษฐานในศาสนาคริสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="دعا (مسیحیت) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دعا (مسیحیت)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3627146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prayers#Christian_prayers" title="List of prayers">List of prayers § Christian prayers</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG/300px-Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG/450px-Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG/600px-Val_Jalbert_historic_housing_interiors_7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Prie-dieu" title="Prie-dieu">prie-dieu</a>, which is used for private Christian prayer, situated in the room of a historic house.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_Altar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Home_Altar.jpg/300px-Home_Altar.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Home_Altar.jpg/450px-Home_Altar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Home_Altar.jpg/600px-Home_Altar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Many devout Christians have a <a href="/wiki/Home_altar" title="Home altar">home altar</a> at 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of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div 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title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian prayer</b> is an important activity in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and there are several different forms used for this practice.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian prayers are diverse: they can be completely spontaneous, or read entirely from a text, such as from a <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">breviary</a>, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> that are said at <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">fixed prayer times</a>. While praying, certain gestures usually accompany the prayers, including folding one's hands, <a href="/wiki/Bowing#Christianity" title="Bowing">bowing one's head</a>, kneeling (often in the <a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">kneeler</a> of a pew in corporate worship or the kneeler of a <a href="/wiki/Prie-dieu" title="Prie-dieu">prie-dieu</a> in private worship), and <a href="/wiki/Prostration#Christianity" title="Prostration">prostration</a>. </p><p>The most common prayer among Christians is the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a>, which according to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospel</a> accounts (e.g. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#6:9" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 6:9-13</a>) is how <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> taught his <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> to pray.<sup id="cite_ref-Geldart108_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geldart108-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The injunction for Christians to pray the Lord's Prayer thrice daily was given in <i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i> 8, 2 f.,<sup id="cite_ref-KF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, in turn, was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> practice of praying thrice daily found in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, specifically in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#55:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 55:17</a>, which suggests "evening and morning and at noon", and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel#6:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Daniel">Daniel 6:10</a>, in which the prophet <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> prays thrice a day.<sup id="cite_ref-KF_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early Christians thus came to recite the Lord's Prayer thrice a day at 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 pm, supplanting the former <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> predominant in the Hebrew tradition;<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Standing_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as such, in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, many <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches ring their <a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">church bells</a> from <a href="/wiki/Belltower" class="mw-redirect" title="Belltower">belltowers</a> three times a day: in the morning, at noon and in the evening summoning the Christian faithful to recite the Lord’s Prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Dryer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dryer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honig_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honig-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the time of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a>, the practice of <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">seven fixed prayer times</a> has been taught; in <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Tradition" title="Apostolic Tradition">Apostolic Tradition</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus</a> instructed Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion."<sup id="cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick1993_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chadwick1993-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lössl2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lössl2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Christian">Oriental Orthodox Christians</a>, such as Copts and Indians, use a <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">breviary</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a> to pray the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> seven times a day at fixed prayer times while facing in the <a href="/wiki/Direction_of_prayer" title="Direction of prayer">eastward direction</a>, in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Jesus">Second Coming of Jesus</a>; this Christian practice has its roots in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#119:164" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 119:164</a>, in which the prophet <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> prays to God seven times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-EOTC2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOTC2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OP2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Church bells enjoin Christians to pray at these hours.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before praying, they wash their hands and face in order to be clean and present their best to God; <a href="/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship">shoes are removed</a> to acknowledge that one is offering prayer before a holy God.<sup id="cite_ref-Amherst1906_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amherst1906-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kosloski2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kosloski2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a>, and in many others as well, it is customary for women to wear a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Christian headcovering</a> when praying.<sup id="cite_ref-scrollpublishing.com_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scrollpublishing.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duffner2014_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffner2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Christians have historically hung a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> on the eastern wall of their houses to indicate the <a href="/wiki/Direction_of_prayer" title="Direction of prayer">eastward direction of prayer</a> during these seven prayer times.<sup id="cite_ref-ACE2020_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACE2020-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two basic settings for Christian prayer: corporate (or public) and private. Corporate prayer includes prayer shared within the worship setting or other public places, especially on the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a> on which <a href="/wiki/First-day_Sabbatarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="First-day Sabbatarianism">many Christian assemble collectively</a>. These prayers can be formal written prayers, such as the liturgies contained in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Service_Book" title="Lutheran Service Book">Lutheran Service Book</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>, as well as informal <a href="/wiki/Ejaculatory_prayer" title="Ejaculatory prayer">ejaculatory prayers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Extemporaneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Extemporaneous">extemporaneous</a> prayers, such as those offered in Methodist <a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">camp meetings</a>. Private prayer occurs with the individual praying either silently or aloud within the home setting; the use of a <a href="/wiki/Daily_devotional" title="Daily devotional">daily devotional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prayer_book" title="Prayer book">prayer book</a> in the private prayer life of a Christian is common. In <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prie-dieu" title="Prie-dieu">prie-dieu</a> has been historically used for private prayer and many Christian homes possess <a href="/wiki/Home_altar" title="Home altar">home altars</a> in the area where these are placed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Storey2004_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storey2004-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, believers often keep <a href="/wiki/Icon_corner" title="Icon corner">icon corners</a> at which they pray, which are on the eastern wall of the house.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoemaker2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoemaker2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among <a href="/wiki/Old_Ritualists" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Ritualists">Old Ritualists</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">prayer rug</a> known as a <a href="/wiki/Podruchnik" title="Podruchnik">Podruchnik</a> is used to keep one's face and hands clean during prostrations, as these parts of the body are used to make the <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Basenkov2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basenkov2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spontaneous prayer in Christianity, often done in private settings, follows the basic form of adoration, <a href="/wiki/Contrition" title="Contrition">contrition</a>, thanksgiving and <a href="/wiki/Supplication" title="Supplication">supplication</a>, abbreviated as A.C.T.S.<sup id="cite_ref-Cottrell2003_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cottrell2003-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_development">Historical development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg/170px-Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg/255px-Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg/340px-Papyrus_1_-_recto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>A page of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_1" title="Papyrus 1">Papyrus 1</a>, c. 250</figcaption></figure> <p>Prayer in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> is presented as a positive command (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Colossians#4:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Colossians">Colossians 4:2</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Thessalonians#5:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians 5:17</a>). The people of God are challenged to include prayer in their everyday life, even in the busy struggles of marriage (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#7:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 7:5</a>) as it is thought to bring the faithful closer to God. Throughout the New Testament, prayer is shown to be God's appointed method by which the faithful obtain what he has to bestow (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#7:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 7:7–11</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#9:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 9:24–29</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#11:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 11:13</a>). Prayer, according to the Book of Acts, can be seen at the first moments of the church (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#3:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 3:1</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> regarded prayer as an essential part of their lives (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#6:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 6:4</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 1:9</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Colossians#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Colossians">Colossians 1:9</a>). As such, the apostles frequently incorporated verses from <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> into their writings. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#3:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 3:10–18</a> for example is borrowed from <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#14:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 14:1–3</a> and other psalms. </p><p>Lengthy passages of the New Testament are prayers or <a href="/wiki/Canticle" title="Canticle">canticles</a> (see also the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Book of Odes</a>), such as the prayer for forgiveness (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#11:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 11:25–26</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#1:46" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 1:46–55</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#1:68" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 1:68–79</a>), Jesus' prayer to the one true God (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17</a>), exclamations such as, "Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ephesians">Ephesians 1:3–14</a>), the Believers' Prayer (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#4:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 4:23–31</a>), "may this cup be taken from me" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#26:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 26:36–44</a>), "Pray that you will not fall into temptation" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#22:39" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 22:39–46</a>), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a>'s Prayer (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#7:59" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 7:59–60</a>), <a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a>' Prayer (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#8:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 8:24</a>), "pray that we may be delivered from wicked and evil men" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Thessalonians#3:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians 3:1–2</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Maranatha" title="Maranatha">Maranatha</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#16:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 16:22</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Christianity">Early Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prayer and the reading of Scripture were important elements of <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a>. In the early Church worship was inseparable from doctrine as reflected in the statement: <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i>, i.e. the law of belief is the law of prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Yarnell_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yarnell-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Christian <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">liturgies</a> highlight the importance of prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lord's Prayer was an essential element in the meetings held by the very early Christians, and it was spread by them as they preached Christianity in new lands.<sup id="cite_ref-Chase13_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chase13-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, a variety of prayers were developed as the production of early Christian literature intensified.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurian135_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurian135-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as the 2nd century, Christians indicated the <a href="/wiki/Direction_of_prayer" title="Direction of prayer">eastward direction of prayer</a> by placing a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> on the eastern wall of their house or church, <a href="/wiki/Prostration" title="Prostration">prostrating</a> in front of it as they prayed at seven <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">fixed prayer times</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kalleeny2020_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalleeny2020-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Storey2004_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storey2004-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 3rd century <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> had advanced the view of "Scripture as a sacrament".<sup id="cite_ref-Raymond26_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond26-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Origen's methods of interpreting Scripture and praying on them were learned by <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose of Milan">Ambrose of Milan</a>, who towards the end of the 4th century taught them to <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, thereby introducing them into the monastic traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Church</a> thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-BendictMay2007_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BendictMay2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FatherBenedict_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FatherBenedict-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early models of <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monastic life</a> emerged in the 4th century, as the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a> began to seek God in the deserts of Palestine and Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunningham88_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunningham88-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-global31_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global31-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These early communities gave rise to the tradition of a Christian life of "constant prayer" in a monastic setting which eventually resulted in meditative practices in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Church">Eastern Church</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-global31_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global31-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meditation_in_the_Middle_Ages">Meditation in the Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Meditation in the Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_meditation" title="History of Christian meditation">History of Christian meditation</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the monastic traditions of both <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a> moved beyond vocal prayer to <a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Christian meditation</a>. These progressions resulted in two distinct and different meditative practices: <a href="/wiki/Lectio_Divina" title="Lectio Divina">Lectio Divina</a> in the West and <a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">hesychasm</a> in the East. Hesychasm involves the repetition of the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a>, but Lectio Divina uses different Scripture passages at different times and although a passage may be repeated a few times, Lectio Divina is not repetitive in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-global31_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global31-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectio_Divina.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lectio_Divina.svg/180px-Lectio_Divina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lectio_Divina.svg/270px-Lectio_Divina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lectio_Divina.svg/360px-Lectio_Divina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>The four movements of <a href="/wiki/Lectio_divina" class="mw-redirect" title="Lectio divina">Lectio divina</a>: <i>read</i>, <i>meditate</i>, <i>pray</i>, <i>contemplate</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Church</a>, by the 6th century, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> had initiated the formal methods of scriptural prayer called <a href="/wiki/Lectio_Divina" title="Lectio Divina">Lectio Divina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the motto <i><a href="/wiki/Ora_et_labora" title="Ora et labora">Ora et labora</a></i> (i.e. pray and work), daily life in a Benedictine monastery consisted of three elements: liturgical prayer, manual labor and Lectio Divina, a quiet prayerful reading of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This slow and thoughtful reading of <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Scriptures">Scripture</a>, and the ensuing pondering of its meaning, was their <a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">meditation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Linman32_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linman32-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a> was instrumental in re-emphasizing the importance of Lectio Divina within the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> order.<sup id="cite_ref-Egan91_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egan91-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bernard also emphasized the role of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a> in contemplative prayer and compared it to a kiss by the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Eternal Father</a> which allows a union with God.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The progression from Bible reading, to meditation, to loving regard for God, was first formally described by <a href="/wiki/Guigo_II" title="Guigo II">Guigo II</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Carthusian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian">Carthusian</a> monk who died late in the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Egan38_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egan38-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guigo II's book <i>The Ladder of Monks</i> is considered the first description of methodical prayer in the western mystical tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, the monastic traditions of "constant prayer" that traced back to the Desert Fathers and <a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Pontikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Evagrius Pontikos">Evagrius Pontikos</a> established the practice of <a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">hesychasm</a> and influenced <a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a>' book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_of_Divine_Ascent" title="The Ladder of Divine Ascent">The Ladder of Divine Ascent</a></i> by the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These meditative prayers were promoted and supported by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a> in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-global31_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global31-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Word_and_Sacrament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Word_and_Sacrament.jpg/220px-Word_and_Sacrament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Word_and_Sacrament.jpg/330px-Word_and_Sacrament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Word_and_Sacrament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Priest reading from Holy Scripture in preparation for meditation and contemplative prayer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemplative_prayer">Contemplative prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contemplative prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Western Church, during the 15th century, reforms of the clergy and monastic settings were undertaken by the two Venetians, <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Giustiniani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo Giustiniani">Lorenzo Giustiniani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Barbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Barbo">Louis Barbo</a>. Both men considered methodical prayer and meditation as essential tools for the reforms they were undertaking.<sup id="cite_ref-Hay76_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hay76-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barbo, who died in 1443, wrote a treatise on prayer titled <i>Forma orationis et meditionis</i> otherwise known as <i>Modus meditandi</i>. He described three types of prayer; vocal prayer, best suited for beginners; meditation, oriented towards those who are more advanced; and contemplation as the highest form of prayer, only obtainable after the meditation stage. Based on the request of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV" title="Pope Eugene IV">Pope Eugene IV</a>, Barbo introduced these methods to <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Spain and by the end of the 15th century they were being used at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Montserrat">abbey of Montserrat</a>. These methods then influenced <a href="/wiki/Garcias_de_Cisneros" class="mw-redirect" title="Garcias de Cisneros">Garcias de Cisneros</a>, who in turn influenced <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> has a similar three level hierarchy of prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Miskin39_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miskin39-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Igumen_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Igumen-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first level prayer is again vocal prayer, the second level is meditation (also called "inward prayer" or "discursive prayer") and the third level is contemplative prayer in which a much closer relationship with God is cultivated.<sup id="cite_ref-Miskin39_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miskin39-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_prayer">Types of prayer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Types of prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian prayer can be divided into different categories, varying by denomination and tradition. Over time, theologians have studied different types of prayer. For example, theologian <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_W._Stafford" title="Gilbert W. Stafford">Gilbert W. Stafford</a> divided prayer into eight different types based on New Testament scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-Stafford_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stafford-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interpretations of prayer in the New Testament and the Christian faith as a whole widely vary, leading to the practice of different types of prayer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daily_prayer">Daily prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Daily prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Missal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Missal.JPG/220px-John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Missal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Missal.JPG/330px-John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Missal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Missal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>The Missal</i>, by <a href="/wiki/John_William_Waterhouse" title="John William Waterhouse">John William Waterhouse</a> (1902), depicts a woman kneeling at a <a href="/wiki/Prie-dieu" title="Prie-dieu">prie-dieu</a> to pray.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canonical_hours">Canonical hours</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canonical hours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Hours">Canonical Hours</a></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Tradition" title="Apostolic Tradition">Apostolic Tradition</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus</a> instructed Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion."<sup id="cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick1993_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chadwick1993-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lössl2010_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lössl2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic Church">Eastern Christians</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Rite_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Syriac Rite (disambiguation)">Syriac Rite</a>, use a <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">breviary</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a> to pray the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> seven times a day at <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times#Christianity" title="Fixed prayer times">fixed prayer times</a> while facing in the <a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">eastward direction</a>, in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Jesus">Second Coming of Jesus</a>; this Christian practice has its roots in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#118:164" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 118:164</a>, in which the prophet <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> is described as praying to God seven times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Richards1908_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards1908-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EOTC2020_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOTC2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OP2020_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Christians incorporate <a href="/wiki/Prostration" title="Prostration">prostrations</a> in their prayers, "prostrating three times in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Trinity</a>; at the end of each Psalm … while saying the ‘<a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a>’; and multiple times during the more than forty <a href="/wiki/Kyrie_eleison" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrie eleison">Kyrie eleisons</a>" as with the Copts and thrice during the Qauma prayer, at the words "Crucified for us, Have mercy on us!", thrice during the recitation of the Nicene Creed at the words "And was incarnate of the Holy Spirit...", "And was crucified for us...", & "And on the third day rose again...", as well as thrice during the Prayer of the Cherubim while praying the words "Blessed is the glory of the Lord, from His place forever!" as with the Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC2016_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC2016-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kosloski2017_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kosloski2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before praying, Oriental Christians <a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity#Washing_before_Christian_prayer_and_worship" title="Hygiene in Christianity">wash their hands, face and feet</a> out of respect for God; <a href="/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship">shoes are removed</a> in order to acknowledge that one is offering prayer before a holy God.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1909_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1909-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kosloski2017_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kosloski2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amherst1906_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amherst1906-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy2020_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy2020-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this Christian denomination, and in many others as well, it is customary for women to wear a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Christian head-covering</a> when praying.<sup id="cite_ref-scrollpublishing.com_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scrollpublishing.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duffner2014_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffner2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a>, the canonical hours are contained in breviaries such as <a href="/wiki/The_Brotherhood_Prayer_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brotherhood Prayer Book">The Brotherhood Prayer Book</a> and <a href="/wiki/For_All_the_Saints:_A_Prayer_Book_for_and_by_the_Church" title="For All the Saints: A Prayer Book for and by the Church">For All the Saints: A Prayer Book for and by the Church</a>, while in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> they are known as the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Benne2003_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benne2003-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayes2004_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayes2004-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> tradition emphasized the praying of the canonical hours as an "essential practice" in being a <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciple</a> of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lord's_Prayer"><span id="Lord.27s_Prayer"></span>Lord's Prayer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lord's Prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The injunction for Christians to pray the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> thrice daily was given in <i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i> 8, 2 f.,<sup id="cite_ref-KF_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, in turn, was influenced by the Jewish practice of praying thrice daily found in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, specifically in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#55:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 55:17</a>, which suggests "evening and morning and at noon", and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel#6:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Daniel">Daniel 6:10</a>, in which the prophet <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> prays thrice a day.<sup id="cite_ref-KF_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Early_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christians">early Christians</a> came to pray the Lord's Prayer thrice a day at 9 am, 12 pm and 3 pm, supplanting the former <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> predominant in the Hebrew tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith2005_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, many <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches ring their <a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">church bells</a> from <a href="/wiki/Belltower" class="mw-redirect" title="Belltower">belltowers</a> three times a day, summoning the Christian faithful to recite the Lord’s Prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Dryer_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dryer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honig_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honig-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Standing_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sign_of_the_Cross">Sign of the Cross</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sign of the Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia,_Kiev_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia%2C_Kiev_1.jpeg/220px-Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia%2C_Kiev_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia%2C_Kiev_1.jpeg/330px-Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia%2C_Kiev_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia%2C_Kiev_1.jpeg/440px-Participation_of_the_President_of_Ukraine_in_the_festive_Christmas_liturgy_in_Saint_Sophia%2C_Kiev_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="6367" data-file-height="4245" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian worshippers make the <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas</a> service; in this tradition, as with many others, it is customary for women to wear a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Christian headcovering</a> while offering prayers to God.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a> is a short prayer used daily by many Christians, especially those of the Catholic, Lutheran, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Methodist and Anglican traditions apart from its daily use in private prayer, it is widely used in corporate prayer by these <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Small_Catechism" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Catechism">Small Catechism</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechism</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a>, instructs believers "to make the sign of the cross at both the beginning and the end of the day as a beginning to daily prayers."<sup id="cite_ref-ELCA2013_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCA2013-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It specifically instructs Christians: "When you get out of bed, bless yourself with the holy cross and say ‘In the name of God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Amen.’"<sup id="cite_ref-ELCA2013_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELCA2013-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mealtime_prayer">Mealtime prayer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mealtime prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg/220px-Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg/330px-Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg/440px-Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>An American family is seen bowing their heads for prayer before consuming a meal</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grace_(prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace (prayer)">Grace (prayer)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fasting#Christianity" title="Fasting">Fasting § Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian dietary laws</a></div> <p>Christians often pray to ask God to thank Him for and <a href="/wiki/Blessing#Christianity" title="Blessing">bless</a> their food before consuming it at the time of eating meals, such as supper.<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle2006_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle2006-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These prayers vary per <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a>, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Common_table_prayer" title="Common table prayer">common table prayer</a> is used by communicants of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seasonal_prayer">Seasonal prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Seasonal prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many denominations use specific prayers geared to the season of the Christian <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Year">Liturgical Year</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>. Some of these prayers are found in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a>, the Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Worship" title="Evangelical Lutheran Worship">Evangelical Lutheran Worship</a></i>, and the Anglican <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i>. </p><p>In the seasons of <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, many Christians add the reading of a <a href="/wiki/Daily_devotional" title="Daily devotional">daily devotional</a> to their prayer life; items that aid in prayer, such as an <a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lenten_calendar" title="Lenten calendar">Lenten calendar</a> are unique to those seasons of the Church Year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercession_of_saints">Intercession of saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Intercession of saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancient church, in both <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, developed a tradition of asking for the <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercession of (deceased) saints</a>, and this remains the practice of most <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, as well as some <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Churches">Reformed Churches</a> however rejected this practice, largely on the basis of belief in the sole mediatorship of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meditation_and_contemplative_prayer">Meditation and contemplative prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Meditation and contemplative prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg/220px-Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg/330px-Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg/440px-Mpa_Lurdes_JfMaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="1051" /></a><figcaption>Blessed Virgin Mary with the Rosary</figcaption></figure> <p>A broad, three stage characterization of prayer begins with vocal prayer, then moves on to a more structured form in terms of <a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">meditation</a>, then reaches the multiple layers of <a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">contemplation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Intercession" title="Intercession">intercession</a>. </p><p>Christian meditation is a structured attempt to get in touch with and deliberately reflect upon the revelations of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> comes from the Latin word <i>meditārī</i>, which has a range of meanings including to reflect on, to study and to practice. Christian meditation is the process of deliberately focusing on specific thoughts (such as a bible passage) and reflecting on their meaning in the context of the love of God.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian meditation aims to heighten the personal relationship based on the love of God that marks Christian communion.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Meditation'_pages_12-13_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Meditation'_pages_12-13-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christianity,_Volume_3_page_488_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christianity,_Volume_3_page_488-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At times there may be no clear-cut boundary between Christian meditation and Christian contemplation, and they overlap. Meditation serves as a foundation on which the contemplative life stands, the practice by which someone begins the state of contemplation.<sup id="cite_ref-Matta56_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matta56-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contemplative prayer, this activity is curtailed, so that <a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">contemplation</a> has been described as "a gaze of faith", "a silent love".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meditation and contemplation on the <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">life of Jesus in the New Testament</a> are components of the <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are central to <a href="/wiki/Retreat_(spiritual)" title="Retreat (spiritual)">spiritual retreats</a> and to the prayer that grows out of these retreats.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercessory_prayer">Intercessory prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Intercessory prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This kind of prayer involves the believer taking the role of an intercessor, praying on behalf of another individual, group or community, or even a nation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ejaculatory_prayer">Ejaculatory prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ejaculatory prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ejaculatory_prayer" title="Ejaculatory prayer">Ejaculatory prayer</a> is the use of very brief exclamations. <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Saint Augustine</a> remarked that the Egyptian Christians who withdrew to a solitary life "are said to say frequent prayers, but very brief ones that are tossed off as in a rush, so that a vigilant and keen intention, which is very necessary for one who prays, may not fade away and grow dull over longer periods".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of such prayers are given in the old <i><a href="/wiki/Raccolta" title="Raccolta">Raccolta</a></i> under the numbers 19, 20, 38, 57, 59, 63, 77, 82, 83, 133, 154, 166, 181.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are also known as aspirations, invocations or exclamations and include the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johnson%27s_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnson's Dictionary">Johnson's Dictionary</a> defined "ejaculation" as "a short prayer darted out occasionally, without solemn retirement".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such pious ejaculations are part also of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">liturgy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listening_prayer">Listening prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Listening prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Listening prayer is a traditional form of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>. </p><p>Listening prayer requires those praying to sit in silence in the presence of God. It can, but need not, be preceded by a scripture reading. This method of prayer is most fully explored in the works of Catholic Saints such as <a href="/wiki/Theresa_of_Avila" class="mw-redirect" title="Theresa of Avila">St.Teresa of Avilla</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Child's_prayer"><span id="Child.27s_prayer"></span>Child's prayer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Child's prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Christian_child%27s_prayer" title="Christian child's prayer">Christian child's prayer</a> is typically short, rhyming, or has a memorable tune. It is usually said before bedtime, to give thanks for a meal, or as a nursery rhyme. Many of these prayers are either quotes from the Bible, or set traditional texts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prayer_books_and_tools">Prayer books and tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Prayer books and tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG/220px-Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG/330px-Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG/440px-Fr%C3%A4lsarkrans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wreath_of_Christ" title="Wreath of Christ">Wreath of Christ</a>, a set of <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a> used by Lutheran Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Prayer books as well as tools such as <a href="/wiki/Prayer_beads" title="Prayer beads">prayer beads</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Chaplet_(prayer)" title="Chaplet (prayer)">chaplets</a> are used by Christians. Images and icons are also associated with prayers in some Christian denominations. </p><p>There is no one prayerbook containing a set liturgy used by all Christians; however many Christian denominations have their own local prayerbooks, for example: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a> also known as the Book of Hours for the Coptic Orthodox Christians of Egypt. The book is a collection of texts from the gospels, epistles and most importantly <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">the book of Psalms</a> as well as ancient prayers of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>; seven main prayers are distributed over the seven fixed prayer times of the day with relevant texts about every particular hour from the Bible.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(book_for_divine_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenda (book for divine service)">Agenda</a>, name for book for <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">liturgies</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> <i>(the traditional <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> prayer book, still in use or modified by the constituent churches of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, and one of the most influential prayerbooks in the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a>, the breviary of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Orthodoxy">Indian Orthodoxy</a> containing the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">seven fixed prayer times</a> of the day<sup id="cite_ref-IOC2016_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC2016-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Psalms">The Book of Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Raccolta" class="mw-redirect" title="The Raccolta">The Raccolta</a> book of indulgenced prayers for Catholics</li> <li>The Roman <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <i>(Traditional <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Monastic Hours)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession" title="Intercession">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic prayer">Roman Catholic prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_prayers_to_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic prayers to Jesus">Roman Catholic prayers to Jesus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_footnotes">References and footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References and footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Zaleski,_Carol_Zaleski2005" class="citation book cs1">Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prayerhistory00zale"><i>Prayer: A History</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-15288-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-15288-1"><bdi>0-618-15288-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prayer%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-618-15288-1&rft.au=Philip+Zaleski%2C+Carol+Zaleski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprayerhistory00zale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geldart108-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geldart108_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeldart1999" class="citation book cs1">Geldart, Anne (1999). <i>Examining Religions: Christianity Foundation Edition</i>. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-30324-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-30324-4"><bdi>0-435-30324-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Examining+Religions%3A+Christianity+Foundation+Edition&rft.pages=108&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-435-30324-4&rft.aulast=Geldart&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KF-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KF_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KF_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KF_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KF_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerhard_KittelGerhard_Friedrich1972" class="citation book cs1">Gerhard Kittel; Gerhard Friedrich (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BqnmVGo6jA8C&pg=PA225"><i>Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Volume 8</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802822505" title="Special:BookSources/9780802822505"><bdi>9780802822505</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2012</span>. <q>The praying of the Lord's Prayer three times a day in Did., 8, 2 f. is connected with the Jewish practice → 218, 3 ff.; II, 801, 16 ff.; the altering of other Jewish customs is demanded in the context.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+New+Testament%2C+Volume+8&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780802822505&rft.au=Gerhard+Kittel&rft.au=Gerhard+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBqnmVGo6jA8C%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckwith-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_T._Beckwith2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_T._Beckwith" title="Roger T. Beckwith">Roger T. Beckwith</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVCUZ7BTD2gC&pg=PA193"><i>Calendar, Chronology, and Worship: Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004146032" title="Special:BookSources/9004146032"><bdi>9004146032</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2012</span>. <q>The Church had now two hours of prayer, observed individually on weekdays and corporately on Sundays – yet the Old Testament spoke of three daily hours of prayer, and the Church itself had been saying the Lord's Prayer three times a day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calendar%2C+Chronology%2C+and+Worship%3A+Studies+in+Ancient+Judaism+and+Early+Christianity&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9004146032&rft.au=Roger+T.+Beckwith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPVCUZ7BTD2gC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_F_White2010" class="citation book cs1">James F White (1 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MURUzRlz-hoC&pg=PT104"><i>Introduction to Christian Worship 3rd Edition: Revised and Enlarged</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Abingdon_Press" title="Abingdon Press">Abingdon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781426722851" title="Special:BookSources/9781426722851"><bdi>9781426722851</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2012</span>. <q>Late in the first century or early in the second, the <i>Didache</i> advised Christians to pray the Lord's prayer three times a day. Others sought disciplines in the Bible itself as ways to make the scriptural injunction to "pray without ceasing" (1 Thess. 5:17) practical. Psalm 55:17 suggested "evening and morning and at noon," and Daniel prayed three times a day (Dan. 6:10).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Christian+Worship+3rd+Edition%3A+Revised+and+Enlarged&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.isbn=9781426722851&rft.au=James+F+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMURUzRlz-hoC%26pg%3DPT104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CCC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cymM4xEM76wC&pg=PA588"><i>Catechism Of The Catholic Church</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-860-12324-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-860-12324-3"><bdi>0-860-12324-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>. <q>Late in the first century or early in the second, the <i>Didache</i> advised Christians to pray the Lord's prayer three times a day. Others sought disciplines in the Bible itself as ways to make the scriptural injunction to "pray without ceasing" (1 Thess. 5:17) practical. Psalm 55:17 suggested "evening and morning and at noon," and Daniel prayed three times a day (Dan. 6:10).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catechism+Of+The+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-860-12324-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcymM4xEM76wC%26pg%3DPA588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standing-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Standing_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Standing_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_OShrBh0I0C&pg=PA91"><i>Matthew: A Shorter Commentary</i></a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567082497" title="Special:BookSources/9780567082497"><bdi>9780567082497</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2012</span>. <q>Moreover, the central portion of the Eighteen Benedictions, just like the Lord's Prayer, falls into two distinct parts (in the first half the petitions are for the individuals, in the second half for the nation); and early Christian tradition instructs believers to say the Lord's Prayer three times a day (<i>Did</i>. 8.3) while standing (<i>Apost</i>. <i>const</i>. 7.24), which precisely parallels what the rabbis demanded for the Eighteen Benedictions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew%3A+A+Shorter+Commentary&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780567082497&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm_OShrBh0I0C%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckwith2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith2005_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith2005_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckwith2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_T._Beckwith" title="Roger T. Beckwith">Beckwith, Roger T.</a> (2005). <i>Calendar, Chronology And Worship: Studies in Ancient Judaism And Early Christianity</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14603-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14603-7"><bdi>978-90-04-14603-7</bdi></a>. <q>So three minor hours of prayer were developed, at the third, sixth and ninth hours, which, as Dugmore points out, were ordinary divisions of the day for worldly affairs, and the Lord's Prayer was transferred to those hours.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calendar%2C+Chronology+And+Worship%3A+Studies+in+Ancient+Judaism+And+Early+Christianity&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-04-14603-7&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.aufirst=Roger+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dryer-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dryer_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dryer_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Herbert_Dryer1897" class="citation book cs1">George Herbert Dryer (1897). <i>History of the Christian Church</i>. Curts & Jennings. <q>…every church-bell in Christendom to be tolled three times a day, and all Christians to repeat Pater Nosters (The Lord's Prayer)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Curts+%26+Jennings&rft.date=1897&rft.au=George+Herbert+Dryer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Honig-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Honig_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Honig_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Huyser-Honig2006" class="citation web cs1">Joan Huyser-Honig (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worship.calvin.edu/resources/resource-library/uncovering-the-blessing-of-fixed-hour-prayer">"Uncovering the Blessing of Fixed-Hour Prayer"</a>. Calvin Institute of Christian Worship. <q>Early Christians prayed the Lord's Prayer three times a day. Medieval church bells called people to common prayer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uncovering+the+Blessing+of+Fixed-Hour+Prayer&rft.pub=Calvin+Institute+of+Christian+Worship&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Joan+Huyser-Honig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworship.calvin.edu%2Fresources%2Fresource-library%2Funcovering-the-blessing-of-fixed-hour-prayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/faq/church-bells/">"Church bells"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. 25 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+bells&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Ffaq%2Fchurch-bells%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielou2016" class="citation book cs1">Danielou, Jean (2016). <i>Origen</i>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4982-9023-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4982-9023-4"><bdi>978-1-4982-9023-4</bdi></a>. <q>Peterson quotes a passage from the <i>Acts of Hipparchus and Philotheus</i>: "In Hipparchus's house there was a specially decorated room and a cross was painted on the east wall of it. There before the image of the cross, they used to pray seven times a day ... with their faces turned to the east." It is easy to see the importance of this passage when you compare it with what Origen says. The custom of turning towards the rising sun when praying had been replaced by the habit of turning towards the east wall. This we find in Origen. From the other passage we see that a cross had been painted on the wall to show which was the east. Hence the origin of the practice of hanging crucifixes on the walls of the private rooms in Christian houses. We know too that signs were put up in the Jewish synagogues to show the direction of Jerusalem, because the Jews turned that way when they said their prayers. The question of the proper way to face for prayer has always been of great importance in the East. It is worth remembering that Mohammedans pray with their faces turned towards Mecca and that one reason for the condemnation of Al Hallaj, the Mohammedan martyr, was that he refused to conform to this practice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origen&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4982-9023-4&rft.aulast=Danielou&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chadwick1993-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chadwick1993_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chadwick1993_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Chadwick1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(theologian)" title="Henry Chadwick (theologian)">Henry Chadwick</a> (1993). <i>The Early Church</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-16042-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-16042-8"><bdi>978-1-101-16042-8</bdi></a>. <q>Hippolytus in the <i>Apostolic Tradition</i> directed that Christians should pray seven times a day - on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight, and also, if at home, at the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion. Prayers at the third, sixth, and ninth hours are similarly mentioned by Tertullian, Cyprian, Clement of Alexandria and Origen, and must have been very widely practised. These prayers were commonly associated with private Bible reading in the family.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-101-16042-8&rft.au=Henry+Chadwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitzman2005" class="citation book cs1">Weitzman, M. P. (7 July 2005). <i>The Syriac Version of the Old Testament</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01746-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01746-6"><bdi>978-0-521-01746-6</bdi></a>. <q>Clement of Alexandria noted that "some fix hours for prayer, such as the third, sixth and ninth" (Stromata 7:7). Tertullian commends these hours, because of their importance (see below) in the New Testament and because their number recalls the Trinity (De Oratione 25). These hours indeed appear as designated for prayer from the earliest days of the church. Peter prayed at the sixth hour, i.e. at noon (Acts 10:9). The ninth hour is called the "hour of prayer" (Acts 3:1). This was the hour when Cornelius prayed even as a "God-fearer" attached to the Jewish community, i.e. before his conversion to Christianity. it was also the hour of Jesus' final prayer (Matt. 27:46, Mark 15:34, Luke 22:44-46).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Syriac+Version+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-07-07&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01746-6&rft.aulast=Weitzman&rft.aufirst=M.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lössl2010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lössl2010_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lössl2010_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLössl2010" class="citation book cs1">Lössl, Josef (17 February 2010). <i>The Early Church: History and Memory</i>. A&C Black. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9"><bdi>978-0-567-16561-9</bdi></a>. <q>Not only the content of early Christian prayer was rooted in Jewish tradition; its daily structure too initially followed a Jewish pattern, with prayer times in the early morning, at noon and in the evening. Later (in the course of the second century), this pattern combined with another one; namely prayer times in the evening, at midnight and in the morning. As a result seven 'hours of prayer' emerged, which later became the monastic 'hours' and are still treated as 'standard' prayer times in many churches today. They are roughly equivalent to midnight, 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Prayer positions included prostration, kneeling and standing. ... Crosses made of wood or stone, or painted on walls or laid out as mosaics, were also in use, at first not directly as objections of veneration but in order to 'orientate' the direction of prayer (i.e. towards the east, Latin <i>oriens</i>).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church%3A+History+and+Memory&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2010-02-17&rft.isbn=978-0-567-16561-9&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6ssl&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOTC2020-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EOTC2020_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOTC2020_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethiopianorthodoxchurch.ca/prayers-church">"Prayers of the Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prayers+of+the+Church&rft.pub=Ethiopian+Orthodox+Tewahedo+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethiopianorthodoxchurch.ca%2Fprayers-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OP2020-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OP2020_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP2020_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orthodoxprayer.org/Facing%20East.html">"Why We Pray Facing East"</a>. Orthodox Prayer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+We+Pray+Facing+East&rft.pub=Orthodox+Prayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orthodoxprayer.org%2FFacing%2520East.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suscopts.org/q&a/index.php?qid=1484&catid=386">"What is the relationship between bells and the church? When and where did the tradition begin? Should bells ring in every church?"</a>. Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+relationship+between+bells+and+the+church%3F+When+and+where+did+the+tradition+begin%3F+Should+bells+ring+in+every+church%3F&rft.pub=Coptic+Orthodox+Diocese+of+the+Southern+United+States&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suscopts.org%2Fq%26a%2Findex.php%3Fqid%3D1484%26catid%3D386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amherst1906-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amherst1906_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amherst1906_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Cecil,_2nd_Baroness_Amherst_of_Hackney1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cecil,_2nd_Baroness_Amherst_of_Hackney" title="Mary Cecil, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney">Mary Cecil, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney</a> (1906). <i>A Sketch of Egyptian History from the Earliest Times to the Present Day</i>. Methuen. p. 399. <q>Prayers 7 times a day are enjoined, and the most strict among the Copts recite one of more of the Psalms of David each time they pray. They always wash their hands and faces before devotions, and turn to the East.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketch+of+Egyptian+History+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Mary+Cecil%2C+2nd+Baroness+Amherst+of+Hackney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kosloski2017-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kosloski2017_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kosloski2017_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kosloski2017_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosloski2017" class="citation web cs1">Kosloski, Philip (16 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleteia.org/2017/10/16/did-you-know-muslims-pray-in-a-similar-way-to-some-christians/">"Did you know Muslims pray in a similar way to some Christians?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aleteia" title="Aleteia">Aleteia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+you+know+Muslims+pray+in+a+similar+way+to+some+Christians%3F&rft.pub=Aleteia&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft.aulast=Kosloski&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2017%2F10%2F16%2Fdid-you-know-muslims-pray-in-a-similar-way-to-some-christians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scrollpublishing.com-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scrollpublishing.com_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scrollpublishing.com_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBercot" class="citation web cs1">Bercot, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scrollpublishing.com/store/head-covering-history.html">"Head Covering Through the Centuries"</a>. <i>Scroll Publishing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll+Publishing&rft.atitle=Head+Covering+Through+the+Centuries&rft.aulast=Bercot&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scrollpublishing.com%2Fstore%2Fhead-covering-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duffner2014-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duffner2014_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duffner2014_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffner2014" class="citation web cs1">Duffner, Jordan Denari (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/wait-i-thought-was-muslim-thing">"Wait, I thought that was a Muslim thing?!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonweal_(magazine)" title="Commonweal (magazine)">Commonweal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wait%2C+I+thought+that+was+a+Muslim+thing%3F%21&rft.pub=Commonweal&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft.aulast=Duffner&rft.aufirst=Jordan+Denari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealmagazine.org%2Fwait-i-thought-was-muslim-thing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACE2020-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACE2020_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414091409/https://www.assyrianchurch.org.au/about-us/the-sacraments/sign-of-the-cross/">"Sign of the Cross"</a>. <i>Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East - Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and Lebanon</i>. Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East - Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and Lebanon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assyrianchurch.org.au/about-us/the-sacraments/sign-of-the-cross/">the original</a> on 14 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>Inside their homes, a cross is placed on the eastern wall of the first room. If one sees a cross in a house and do not find a crucifix or pictures, it is almost certain that the particular family belongs to the Church of the East.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holy+Apostolic+Catholic+Assyrian+Church+of+the+East+-+Archdiocese+of+Australia%2C+New+Zealand+and+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Sign+of+the+Cross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assyrianchurch.org.au%2Fabout-us%2Fthe-sacraments%2Fsign-of-the-cross%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2016-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2016_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2016" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Maxwell E. (2016). <i>Between Memory and Hope: Readings on the Liturgical Year</i>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6282-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6282-3"><bdi>978-0-8146-6282-3</bdi></a>. <q>Because Christ was expected to come from the east, Christians at a very early date prayed facing that direction in order to show themselves ready for his appearing, and actually looking forward to the great event which would consummate the union with him already experienced in prayer. For the same reason the sign of the cross was frequently traced on the eastern wall of places of prayer, thereby indicating the direction of prayer, but also rendering the Lord's coming a present reality in the sign which heralds it. In other words, through the cross the anticipated eschatological appearance becomes <i>parousia</i>: presence. The joining of prayer with the eschatological presence of Christ, unseen to the eye but revealed in the cross, obviously underlies the widely attested practice of prostrating before the sacred wood while praying to him who hung upon it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Memory+and+Hope%3A+Readings+on+the+Liturgical+Year&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-6282-3&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Maxwell+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725215330/http://imus.churchsites.com/homealtar.asp">"Home Altars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eden_Prairie,_Minnesota" title="Eden Prairie, Minnesota">Eden Prairie</a>: Immanuel Lutheran Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imus.churchsites.com/homealtar.asp">the original</a> on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Altars&rft.place=Eden+Prairie&rft.pub=Immanuel+Lutheran+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimus.churchsites.com%2Fhomealtar.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storey2004-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storey2004_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storey2004_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey2004" class="citation book cs1">Storey, William G. (2004). <i>A Prayer Book of Catholic Devotions: Praying the Seasons and Feasts of the Church Year</i>. Loyola Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8294-2030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8294-2030-2"><bdi>978-0-8294-2030-2</bdi></a>. <q>Long before Christians built churches for public prayer, they worshipped daily in their homes. In order to orient their prayer (to <i>orient</i> means literally "to turn toward the east"), they painted or hung a cross on the east wall of their main room. This practice was in keeping with ancient Jewish tradition ("Look toward the east, O Jerusalem," Baruch 4:36); Christians turned in that direction when they prayed morning and evening and at other times. This expression of their undying belief in the coming again of Jesus was united to their conviction that the cross, "the sign of the Son of Man," would appear in the eastern heavens on his return (see Matthew 24:30). Building on that ancient custom, devout Catholics often have a home altar, shrine, or prayer corner containing a crucifix, religious pictures (icons), a Bible, holy water, lights, and flowers as a part of the essential furniture of a Christian home.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Prayer+Book+of+Catholic+Devotions%3A+Praying+the+Seasons+and+Feasts+of+the+Church+Year&rft.pub=Loyola+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8294-2030-2&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoemaker2016-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shoemaker2016_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoemaker2016" class="citation web cs1">Shoemaker, Caleb (5 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812214800/https://blogs.ancientfaith.com/behind-the-scenes/2016/12/05/little-church-foundations-icon-corner/">"Little Church Foundations: Icon Corner"</a>. <i>Behind the Scenes</i>. Ancient Faith Ministries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.ancientfaith.com/behind-the-scenes/2016/12/05/little-church-foundations-icon-corner/">the original</a> on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>Identify a wall or corner in a main living area of your house. Preferably, your icons will be on an east wall so your family can be facing east–just like at Divine Liturgy–whenever you say your prayers together.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Behind+the+Scenes&rft.atitle=Little+Church+Foundations%3A+Icon+Corner&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.ancientfaith.com%2Fbehind-the-scenes%2F2016%2F12%2F05%2Flittle-church-foundations-icon-corner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Basenkov2017-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Basenkov2017_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasenkov2017" class="citation web cs1">Basenkov, Vladimir (10 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthochristian.com/104149.html#_ftnref3">"Vladimir Basenkov. Getting To Know the Old Believers: How We Pray"</a>. Orthodox Christianity<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Basenkov.+Getting+To+Know+the+Old+Believers%3A+How+We+Pray&rft.pub=Orthodox+Christianity&rft.date=2017-06-10&rft.aulast=Basenkov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forthochristian.com%2F104149.html%23_ftnref3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cottrell2003-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cottrell2003_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottrell2003" class="citation book cs1">Cottrell, Stephen (2003). <i>Praying Through Life: How to Pray in the Home, at Work and in the Family</i>. Church House Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7151-4010-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7151-4010-9"><bdi>978-0-7151-4010-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Praying+Through+Life%3A+How+to+Pray+in+the+Home%2C+at+Work+and+in+the+Family&rft.pub=Church+House+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7151-4010-9&rft.aulast=Cottrell&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yarnell-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yarnell_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Formation of Christian Doctrine</i> by Malcolm B. Yarnell 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-4046-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-4046-1">0-8054-4046-1</a> page 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Introducing Early Christianity</i> by Laurie Guy 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-3942-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8308-3942-9">0-8308-3942-9</a> page 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chase13-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chase13_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Lord's Prayer in the Early Church</i> by Frederic Henry Chase 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59333-275-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-59333-275-0">1-59333-275-0</a> pages 13-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kurian135-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kurian135_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature, Volume 1</i> by George Thomas Kurian 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-6987-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-6987-X">0-8108-6987-X</a> pages 135-138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalleeny2020-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kalleeny2020_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalleeny" class="citation web cs1">Kalleeny, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suscopts.org/mightyarrows/east.html">"Why We Face the EAST"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>: St Mary and Archangel Michael Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>Christians in Syria as well, in the second century, would place the cross in the direction of the East towards which people in their homes or churches prayed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+We+Face+the+EAST&rft.place=Orlando&rft.pub=St+Mary+and+Archangel+Michael+Church&rft.aulast=Kalleeny&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suscopts.org%2Fmightyarrows%2Feast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raymond26-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raymond26_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reading to live: the evolving practice of Lectio divina</i> by Raymond Studzinski 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87907-231-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87907-231-8">0-87907-231-8</a> pages 26-35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BendictMay2007-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BendictMay2007_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20070502_en.html">Vatican website: <i>Benedict XVI, General Audience</i> 2 May 2007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FatherBenedict-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FatherBenedict_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Fathers of the church: from Clement of Rome to Augustine of Hippo</i> by Pope Benedict XVI 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-6459-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-6459-7">0-8028-6459-7</a> page 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cunningham88-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cunningham88_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian spirituality: themes from the tradition</i> by Lawrence S. Cunningham, Keith J. Egan 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3660-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3660-5">978-0-8091-3660-5</a> page 88-94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-global31-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-global31_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-global31_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-global31_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-global31_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Globalization of Hesychasm and the Jesus Prayer: Contesting Contemplation</i> by Christopher D. L. Johnson 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-2547-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-2547-7">978-1-4411-2547-7</a> pages 31-38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reading with God: Lectio Divina</i> by David Foster 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-6084-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-6084-4">0-8264-6084-4</a> page 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>After Augustine: the meditative reader and the text</i> by Brian Stock 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-3602-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-3602-5">0-8122-3602-5</a> page 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian Spirituality: A Historical Sketch</i> by George Lane 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8294-2081-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8294-2081-9">0-8294-2081-9</a> page 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linman32-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linman32_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Holy Conversation: Spirituality for Worship</i> by Jonathan Linman 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-2130-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8006-2130-1">0-8006-2130-1</a> pages 32-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egan91-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egan91_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian spirituality: themes from the tradition</i> by Lawrence S. Cunningham, Keith J. Egan 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3660-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3660-5">978-0-8091-3660-5</a> pages 91-92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Holy Spirit</i> by F. LeRon Shults, Andrea Hollingsworth 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2464-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2464-1">0-8028-2464-1</a> page 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egan38-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egan38_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian spirituality: themes from the tradition</i> by Lawrence S. Cunningham, Keith J. Egan 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3660-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3660-5">978-0-8091-3660-5</a> pages 38-39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>An Anthology of Christian mysticism</i> by Harvey D. Egan 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-6012-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-6012-6">0-8146-6012-6</a> pages 207-208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Orthodox Church: Its Past and Its Role in the World Today</i> by John Meyendorff 1981 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913836-81-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-913836-81-8">0-913836-81-8</a> page</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning1992" class="citation book cs1">Browning, Robert (1992). <i>The Byzantine Empire</i> (Rev. ed.). Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8132-0754-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8132-0754-1"><bdi>0-8132-0754-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Empire&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=238&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8132-0754-1&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hay76-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hay76_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The church in Italy in the fifteenth century</i> by Denys Hay 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52191-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52191-2">0-521-52191-2</a> page 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian spirituality in the Catholic tradition</i> by Jordan Aumann 1985 Ignatius Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-068-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-068-X">0-89870-068-X</a> page 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14224b.htm">Catholic encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miskin39-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miskin39_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miskin39_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Orthodox prayer life: the interior way</i> by Mattá al-Miskīn 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-250-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-250-3">0-88141-250-3</a> St Vladimir Press, "Chapter 2: Degrees of Prayer" pages 39-42 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CpPnSHWu5d8C&pg=PA39">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Igumen-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Igumen_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The art of prayer: an Orthodox anthology</i> by Igumen Chariton 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-19165-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-19165-7">0-571-19165-7</a> pages 63-65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stafford-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stafford_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert W. Stafford, <i>Theology for Disciples</i>, (Anderson: Warner Press, 1996), 411–426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards1908-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richards1908_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards1908" class="citation book cs1">Richards, William Joseph (1908). <i>The Indian Christians of St. Thomas: Otherwise Called the Syrian Christians of Malabar: a Sketch of Their History and an Account of Their Present Condition as Well as a Discussion of the Legend of St. Thomas</i>. Bemrose. p. 98. <q>We are commanded to pray standing, with faces towards the East, for at the last Messiah is manifested in the East. 2. All Christians, on rising from sleep early in the morning, should wash the face and pray. 3. We are commanded to pray seven times, thus...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Christians+of+St.+Thomas%3A+Otherwise+Called+the+Syrian+Christians+of+Malabar%3A+a+Sketch+of+Their+History+and+an+Account+of+Their+Present+Condition+as+Well+as+a+Discussion+of+the+Legend+of+St.+Thomas&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Bemrose&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=William+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC2016-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IOC2016_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC2016_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Shehimo: Book of Common Prayer</i>. <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a>. 2016. pp. 5, 7, 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shehimo%3A+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.pages=5%2C+7%2C+12&rft.pub=Diocese+of+South-West+America+of+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith1909-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith1909_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1909" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Bertha H. (1909). "The Bath as a Religious Rite among Mohammedans". <i>Modern Sanitation</i>. <b>7</b> (1). Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. <q>The Copts, descendants of these ancient Egyptians, although Christians, have the custom of washing their hands and faces before prayer, and some also wash their feet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Sanitation&rft.atitle=The+Bath+as+a+Religious+Rite+among+Mohammedans&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bertha+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy2020-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy2020_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop_Brian_J_Kennedy,_OSB" class="citation web cs1">Bishop Brian J Kennedy, OSB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725141343/https://www.stfinian.com/importance-of-the-prayer-rug-in-the-celtic-orthodox-church">"Importance of the Prayer Rug"</a>. St. Finian Orthodox Abbey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stfinian.com/importance-of-the-prayer-rug-in-the-celtic-orthodox-church">the original</a> on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Importance+of+the+Prayer+Rug&rft.pub=St.+Finian+Orthodox+Abbey&rft.au=Bishop+Brian+J+Kennedy%2C+OSB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stfinian.com%2Fimportance-of-the-prayer-rug-in-the-celtic-orthodox-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benne2003-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benne2003_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenne2003" class="citation book cs1">Benne, Robert (2003). <i>Ordinary Saints: An Introduction to the Christian Life</i>. Fortress Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1719-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1719-7"><bdi>978-1-4514-1719-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordinary+Saints%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Christian+Life&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1719-7&rft.aulast=Benne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayes2004-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayes2004_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayes2004" class="citation web cs1">Mayes, Benjamin T. G. (5 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041013213519/http://llpb.us/PDFs/Breviaries%20article.pdf">"Daily Prayer Books in the History of German and American Lutheranism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lutheran Liturgical Prayer Brotherhood. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://llpb.us/PDFs/Breviaries%20article.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daily+Prayer+Books+in+the+History+of+German+and+American+Lutheranism&rft.pub=Lutheran+Liturgical+Prayer+Brotherhood&rft.date=2004-09-05&rft.aulast=Mayes&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+T.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fllpb.us%2FPDFs%2FBreviaries%2520article.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/praying-the-hours-of-the-day-recovering-daily-prayer">"Praying the Hours of the Day: Recovering Daily Prayer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/General_Board_of_Discipleship" class="mw-redirect" title="General Board of Discipleship">General Board of Discipleship</a>. 6 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Praying+the+Hours+of+the+Day%3A+Recovering+Daily+Prayer&rft.pub=General+Board+of+Discipleship&rft.date=2007-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umcdiscipleship.org%2Fresources%2Fpraying-the-hours-of-the-day-recovering-daily-prayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELCA2013-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ELCA2013_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ELCA2013_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.elca.org/ELCA%20Resource%20Repository/Why_do_Lutherans_make_the_sign_of_the_cross.pdf">"Why do Lutherans make the sign of the cross?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>. 2013. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+do+Lutherans+make+the+sign+of+the+cross%3F&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Evangelical+Lutheran+Church+in+America&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.elca.org%2FELCA%2520Resource%2520Repository%2FWhy_do_Lutherans_make_the_sign_of_the_cross.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle2006-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pringle2006_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle2009" class="citation book cs1">Pringle, Phil (2009). <i>Inspired to Pray: The Art of Seeking God</i>. Gospel Light Publications. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8307-4811-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8307-4811-2"><bdi>978-0-8307-4811-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inspired+to+Pray%3A+The+Art+of+Seeking+God&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Gospel+Light+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8307-4811-2&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson,_S._B.Packer,_J.1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ferguson, S. B.; Packer, J. (1988). "Saints". <i>New Dictionary of Theology</i>. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saints&rft.btitle=New+Dictionary+of+Theology&rft.place=Downers+Grove%2C+IL&rft.pub=Intervarsity+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S.+B.&rft.au=Packer%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin2005" class="citation book cs1">Griffin, Emilie (2005). <i>Simple Ways to Pray</i>. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-5084-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-5084-2"><bdi>0-7425-5084-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+Ways+to+Pray&rft.pages=134&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7425-5084-2&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Emilie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Christian tradition comprises three major expressions of the life of prayer: vocal prayer, meditation, and contemplative prayer. They have in common the recollection of the heart" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9N.HTM">Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2721).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanzigKielbasa2000" class="citation book cs1">Zanzig, Thomas; Kielbasa, Marilyn (2000). <i>Christian Meditation for Beginners</i>. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88489-361-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-88489-361-8"><bdi>0-88489-361-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Meditation+for+Beginners&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-88489-361-8&rft.aulast=Zanzig&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Kielbasa%2C+Marilyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonisamy2000" class="citation book cs1">Antonisamy, F. (2000). <i>An introduction to Christian spirituality</i>. pp. 76–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7109-429-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-7109-429-5"><bdi>81-7109-429-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Christian+spirituality&rft.pages=76-77&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=81-7109-429-5&rft.aulast=Antonisamy&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian_Meditation'_pages_12-13-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Meditation'_pages_12-13_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christian Meditation</i> by Edmund P. Clowney, 1979 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57383-227-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57383-227-8">1-57383-227-8</a> pages 12-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christianity,_Volume_3_page_488-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christianity,_Volume_3_page_488_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbuschBromiley2003" class="citation book cs1">Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2/page/488"><i>The encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a>. Vol. 3. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2/page/488">488</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-12654-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-12654-6"><bdi>90-04-12654-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pages=488&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=90-04-12654-6&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft.au=Bromiley%2C+Geoffrey+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch0001unse_t6f2%2Fpage%2F488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matta56-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matta56_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Miskīn2003" class="citation book cs1">al-Miskīn, Mattá (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FqbA6aguSR0C&pg=PA56"><i>Orthodox Prayer Life: The Interior Way</i></a>. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-250-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-250-3"><bdi>0-88141-250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthodox+Prayer+Life%3A+The+Interior+Way&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=St+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-88141-250-3&rft.aulast=al-Misk%C4%ABn&rft.aufirst=Matt%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFqbA6aguSR0C%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Contemplative prayer is the simple expression of the mystery of prayer. It is a gaze of faith fixed on Jesus, an attentiveness to the Word of God, a silent love. It achieves real union with the prayer of Christ to the extent that it makes us share in his mystery" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9N.HTM">Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2724).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html">"Rosarium Virginis Mariae on the Most Holy Rosary (October 16, 2002) | John Paul II"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rosarium+Virginis+Mariae+on+the+Most+Holy+Rosary+%28October+16%2C+2002%29+%26%23124%3B+John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-paul-ii%2Fen%2Fapost_letters%2F2002%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/ignatian-prayer/the-spiritual-exercises/ignatian-contemplation-imaginative-prayer/">"Ignatian Contemplation: Imaginative Prayer - IgnatianSpirituality.com"</a>. <i>Ignatian Spirituality</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ignatian+Spirituality&rft.atitle=Ignatian+Contemplation%3A+Imaginative+Prayer+-+IgnatianSpirituality.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ignatianspirituality.com%2Fignatian-prayer%2Fthe-spiritual-exercises%2Fignatian-contemplation-imaginative-prayer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5nPYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22short+prayers%22&pg=PA183">Augustine, Letter 130, To Proba, paragraph 20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgialatina.org/raccolta/index.htm">The Raccolta: Index of prayers and pious works contained in this collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicexchange.com/deepen-prayer-life-exclamations">Stephen Beale, "Deepen Your Prayer Life Through Exclamations"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Johnson, <i>A Dictionary of the English Language</i>, vol. 2]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_8TAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22pious+ejaculation%22&pg=PA153">Matthew Hole, <i>Practical discourses on the liturgy of the Church of England</i> (London. William Pickering. 1837), p. 153</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohann_G._Roten,_S.M." class="citation web cs1">Johann G. Roten, S.M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.udayton.edu/imri/mary/l/lutheran-rosary.php">"Lutheran rosary"</a>. University of Dayton<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lutheran+rosary&rft.pub=University+of+Dayton&rft.au=Johann+G.+Roten%2C+S.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.udayton.edu%2Fimri%2Fmary%2Fl%2Flutheran-rosary.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallan1925" class="citation book cs1">Callan, Very Rev. Charles J. (1925). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Blessed be God/How To Pray"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Blessed_be_God/How_To_Pray">"How To Pray" </a></span>. <i>Blessed be God; a complete Catholic prayer book</i>. P. J. Kenedy & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+To+Pray&rft.btitle=Blessed+be+God%3B+a+complete+Catholic+prayer+book&rft.pub=P.+J.+Kenedy+%26+Sons&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Callan&rft.aufirst=Very+Rev.+Charles+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Carroll, James. <i>Prayer from Where We Are</i>. In series, <i>Witness Book[s],</i> 13, and also in <i>Christian Experience Series</i>. Dayton, Ohio: G.A. Pflaum, 1970.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaughters_of_Charity_of_St._Vincent_de_Paul.1856" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_de_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vincent de Paul">Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul.</a> (1856). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:St. Vincent's Manual/The Conditions of Prayer"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/St._Vincent%27s_Manual/The_Conditions_of_Prayer">"The Conditions of Prayer" </a></span>. <i>St. Vincent's Manual</i>. John Murphy & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Conditions+of+Prayer&rft.btitle=St.+Vincent%27s+Manual&rft.pub=John+Murphy+%26+Co.&rft.date=1856&rft.au=Daughters+of+Charity+of+St.+Vincent+de+Paul.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeiler1997" class="citation book cs1">Heiler, Friedrich (1997). <i>Prayer: a study in the history and psychology of Religion</i>. Oxyford: Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851681433" title="Special:BookSources/9781851681433"><bdi>9781851681433</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prayer%3A+a+study+in+the+history+and+psychology+of+Religion&rft.place=Oxyford&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781851681433&rft.aulast=Heiler&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempis1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kempis" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Kempis">Kempis, Thomas A.</a> (1908). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Prayers and meditations on the life of Christ"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Prayers_and_meditations_on_the_life_of_Christ"><i>Prayers and meditations on the life of Christ</i> </a></span>. London: Kegan Paul.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prayers+and+meditations+on+the+life+of+Christ&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Kempis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoran1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Moran_(cardinal)" title="Francis Moran (cardinal)">Moran, Rev. Patrick</a> (1883). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Catholic Prayer Book and Manual of Meditations"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Catholic_Prayer_Book_and_Manual_of_Meditations"><i>The Catholic Prayer Book and Manual of Meditations</i> </a></span>. Dublin: Browne & Nolan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Prayer+Book+and+Manual+of+Meditations&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Browne+%26+Nolan&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Rev.+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The catechism of the Council of Trent/Part 4"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_catechism_of_the_Council_of_Trent/Part_4">"Part 4: On Prayer" </a></span>. <i>The catechism of the Council of Trent</i>. Translated by James Donovan. Lucas Brothers. 1829.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+4%3A+On+Prayer&rft.btitle=The+catechism+of+the+Council+of+Trent&rft.pub=Lucas+Brothers&rft.date=1829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prayer&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agpeya.org/">Agpeya: Coptic Book of Hours</a> (used for Daily Prayer in Oriental Orthodox Christianity)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/join-us-service-daily-prayer">Daily Prayer (used in the Church of England, mother church of the Anglican Communion)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Thomas_Aquinas" class="citation web cs1">St. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgies.net/saints/thomasaquinas/prayers.htm">"Prayers of St. Thomas Aquinas"</a>. <i>liturgies.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202072139/http://www.liturgies.net/saints/thomasaquinas/prayers.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liturgies.net&rft.atitle=Prayers+of+St.+Thomas+Aquinas&rft.au=St.+Thomas+Aquinas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liturgies.net%2Fsaints%2Fthomasaquinas%2Fprayers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Augustine_of_Hippo" class="citation web cs1">St. <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/mission/campusministry/RegularSpiritualPractices/resources/spirituality/restlesshearts/prayers.html">"Prayers of St. Augustine of Hippo"</a>. <i>villanova.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181001210003/https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/mission/campusministry/RegularSpiritualPractices/resources/spirituality/restlesshearts/prayers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=villanova.edu&rft.atitle=Prayers+of+St.+Augustine+of+Hippo&rft.au=St.+Augustine+of+Hippo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.villanova.edu%2Fvillanova%2Fmission%2Fcampusministry%2FRegularSpiritualPractices%2Fresources%2Fspirituality%2Frestlesshearts%2Fprayers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Henry" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry" title="Matthew Henry">Matthew Henry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrmatthewhenry.com/">"A Method for Prayer (1710); the Protestant Book of Hours"</a>. <i>mrmatthewhenry.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012203720/https://mrmatthewhenry.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mrmatthewhenry.com&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Prayer+%281710%29%3B+the+Protestant+Book+of+Hours&rft.au=Matthew+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrmatthewhenry.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span> (Free eBooks and audio books)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayerideas.org/how_to_pray/intercession/how-to-pray-for-your-church-using-a-prayer-walk-and-posted-prayer-notes">"How to Pray for Your Church Using a Prayer Walk and Posted Prayer Notes"</a>. <i>prayerideas.org</i>. Sep 26, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227181806/https://prayerideas.org/how_to_pray/intercession/how-to-pray-for-your-church-using-a-prayer-walk-and-posted-prayer-notes">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prayerideas.org&rft.atitle=How+to+Pray+for+Your+Church+Using+a+Prayer+Walk+and+Posted+Prayer+Notes&rft.date=2015-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayerideas.org%2Fhow_to_pray%2Fintercession%2Fhow-to-pray-for-your-church-using-a-prayer-walk-and-posted-prayer-notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+prayer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariates</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">prelatures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Apostolic Administration">apostolic<br />administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a>: <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_the_Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross">Our Lady of the Southern Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Our Lady of Walsingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Saint John Mary Vianney</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Augustinian_Recollects" title="Order of Augustinian Recollects">Order of Augustinian Recollects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order#Third_Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Third order">Order of Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblates of Saint Benedict">Oblates of Saint Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Order of Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Order of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Order of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Order of Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Secular_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity">Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Order of Saint Norbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Salesian_Cooperators" title="Association of Salesian Cooperators">Association of Salesian Cooperators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Order of Servites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity" title="Archconfraternity">Archconfraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity_of_the_Holy_Family" title="Archconfraternity of the Holy Family">Archconfraternity of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood">Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities_of_the_Cord" title="Confraternities of the Cord">Confraternities of the Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_penitents" title="Confraternity of penitents">Confraternity of Penitents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellant_confraternities" title="Flagellant confraternities">Flagellant confraternities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorial_society" title="Purgatorial society">Purgatorial society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Individual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Christian_Doctrine" title="Confraternity of Christian Doctrine">Confraternity of Christian Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Catholic_Saints" title="Confraternity of Catholic Saints">Confraternity of Catholic Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_the_Rosary" title="Confraternity of the Rosary">Confraternity of the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_Mors_Confraternity" title="Bona Mors Confraternity">Bona Mors Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Mary_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart">Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitalit%C3%A9_Notre_Dame_de_Lourdes" title="Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes">Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Brotherhood_of_Our_Blessed_Lady" title="Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady">Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitentes_(New_Mexico)" title="Penitentes (New Mexico)">Penitentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Brotherhood_of_the_Holy_Eucharist" title="Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist">Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Holy_Name" title="Society of the Holy Name">Society of the Holy Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venerabile_Arciconfraternita_della_Misericordia_di_Firenze" title="Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze">Ven. Arc. Misericordia di Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_Venerable_Confraternity_of_the_Most_Blessed_Sacrament_of_Mafra" title="Royal and Venerable Confraternity of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Mafra">RVISSM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_International_Associations_of_the_Faithful" title="Directory of International Associations of the Faithful">International<br />associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catenian_Association" title="Catenian Association">Catenian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_Neuf_Community" title="Chemin Neuf Community">Chemin Neuf Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Community" title="Christian Life Community">Christian Life Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Movement" title="Christian Life Movement">Christian Life Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperators_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperators of Opus Dei">Cooperators of Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_for_Christ" title="Couples for Christ">Couples for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursillo" title="Cursillo">Cursillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">FIMCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heralds_of_the_Gospel" title="Heralds of the Gospel">Heralds of the Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">International Catholic Conference of Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Catholic_Universities" title="International Federation of Catholic Universities">International Federation of Catholic Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Kolping" title="Adolph Kolping">International Kolping Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Catholic_Esperantists" title="International Union of Catholic Esperantists">International Union of Catholic Esperantists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Claretian_Movement" title="Lay Claretian Movement">Lay Claretian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Arche" title="L'Arche">L'Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia Christi">Militia Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia of the Immaculata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana_(organization)" title="Pax Romana (organization)">Pax Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priests_for_Life" title="Priests for Life">Priests for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnum_Christi" title="Regnum Christi">Regnum Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGNIS" title="SIGNIS">SIGNIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teams_of_Our_Lady" title="Teams of Our Lady">Teams of Our Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresian_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresian Association">Teresian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Guides_and_Scouts_of_Europe" title="International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe">UIGSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Catholic_Apostolate" title="Union of Catholic Apostolate">Union of Catholic Apostolate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Other associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolate_for_Family_Consecration" title="Apostolate for Family Consecration">Apostolate for Family Consecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vatican_Lay_Workers" title="Association of Vatican Lay Workers">Association of Vatican Lay Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Catholic Charismatic Renewal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nova" title="Canção Nova">Canção Nova</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Shalom_Catholic_Community" title="Shalom Catholic Community">Shalom Catholic Community</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Christian_Outreach" title="Catholic Christian Outreach">Catholic Christian Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Catholic_University_Students" title="Fellowship of Catholic University Students">Fellowship of Catholic University Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_House_Apostolate" title="Madonna House Apostolate">Madonna House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_Lay_Missioners" title="Maryknoll Lay Missioners">Maryknoll Lay Missioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NET_Ministries" title="NET Ministries">NET Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Worldwide_Prayer_Network" title="Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network">Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Angels_Foundation" title="Queen of Angels Foundation">Queen of Angels Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Outreach" title="Saint Paul's Outreach">Saint Paul's Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Catholic Marian movements and societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azione_Cattolica" title="Azione Cattolica">Azione Cattolica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Women%27s_League" title="Catholic Women's League">Catholic Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">World Movement of Christian Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Christian_Workers" title="Young Christian Workers">Young Christian Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Family_Movement" title="Christian Family Movement">Christian Family Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage_International" title="Courage International">Courage International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai_(movement)" title="El Shaddai (movement)">El Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Rosary_Crusade" title="Family Rosary Crusade">Family Rosary Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidesco_International" title="Fidesco International">Fidesco International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_to_Chartres" title="Pilgrimage to Chartres">Notre-Dame de Chrétienté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_on_Tap" title="Theology on Tap">Theology on Tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_Faithful" title="Voice of the Faithful">Voice of the Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Institute" title="Young Men's Institute">Young Men's Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="We Are Church">We Are Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_catechesis" title="Catholic catechesis">Catholic catechesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Congress">Catholic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Extension" title="Catholic Extension">Catholic Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Catholic higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Catholic youth work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_campus_ministry" title="Catholic campus ministry">Catholic campus ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Centre_at_Foyer_Unitas" title="Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas">Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiz%C3%A9_Community" title="Taizé Community">Taizé Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_call_to_holiness" title="Universal call to holiness">Universal call to holiness</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Charities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Near_East_Welfare_Association" title="Catholic Near East Welfare Association">CNEWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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