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18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bn0jvl-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1bn0jvl-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-1bn0jvl-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1bn0jvl-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1bn0jvl-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList 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0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-irlfa6-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-irlfa6-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-irlfa6-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-irlfa6-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}.ssrcss-irlfa6-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-1umnoc2-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:0.375rem;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList >*{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList{padding-left:0.75rem;}.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList >:last-child{display:block;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList >:nth-child(1){display:block;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList >:nth-child(2){display:block;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-on86pa-GlobalNavigationBarLinkList >:nth-child(3){display:block;}}@media (min-width: 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1);}}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#F6F6F6;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;outline:0.0625rem solid transparent;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:active,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus{background:#E6E8EA;color:#000000;}}.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(1){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(2){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 40.875rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{padding-right:1.25rem;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ejv6c9-CloseButtonWrapper{margin-top:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:calc(0.5rem - 2px) calc(0.75rem - 2px);border:2px solid transparent;min-height:2.75rem!important;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.375!important;-webkit-transition:0.2s;transition:0.2s;background:transparent;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus-visible{outline:none;box-shadow:none;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:2px solid transparent;-webkit-transition:border-bottom 0.2s;transition:border-bottom 0.2s;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;-webkit-transition:text-decoration 0.2s;transition:text-decoration 0.2s;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active{cursor:pointer;background:#0051AD;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:2px solid currentcolor;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD,0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1hfawy1-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}.ssrcss-12njlvq-ProductNavigationContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;position:relative;}.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1666666666666667;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;}}.ssrcss-12x0ma7-ContentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-kpltdl-LogoWrapper{margin:0.25rem 0;}.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:auto;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{width:100%;}}.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{display:block;padding:calc(0.75rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.625rem;fill:currentcolor;max-width:10rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(0.875rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.75rem;max-width:15.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(1rem - 0.25rem) 0;max-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-as2ggt-Navigation{border-top:0.0625rem solid #DB7F7F;}}html.no-js .ssrcss-wlpshj-MainNavBarContainer{border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 .eis6szr1{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:0.0625rem;border-right-color:#DB7F7F;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{position:absolute;right:0.5rem;top:0.25rem;background-color:transparent;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{top:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591{border:0.0625rem solid;border-color:#DB7F7F;}.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:hover,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:focus,.ssrcss-1fph62a-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:active{color:#141414;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-color:transparent;}.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#B80000;border:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.75rem;}}}.ssrcss-1m4972l-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:block;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{margin-left:-0.5rem;margin-right:-0.5rem;padding:0.5rem 0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{background-color:transparent;display:block;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{overflow-x:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-ms-overflow-style:-ms-autohiding-scrollbar;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}}.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;left:-0.5rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}}.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #8A8C8E;position:relative;break-inside:avoid;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{min-height:2.75rem;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus{background-color:#E6E8EA;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 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56.25rem){.ssrcss-q03fby-ContainerWithSidebarWrapper{display:grid;grid-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) 18.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1ki8hfp-StyledZone{max-width:50rem;}.ssrcss-15tkd6i-ArticleWrapper{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;color:#141414;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;}.ssrcss-bwbna7-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper{margin:1.5rem 0;max-width:50rem;margin:2.5rem 0 1.5rem;}.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading{font-family:ReithSerif,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;margin:0;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:1.0909090909090908;}}.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading:focus{outline-style:none;}.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading:focus-visible{outline-style:auto;}.ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper{margin:1.5rem 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0;}.ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer{position:relative;}.ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder{display:block;position:relative;background-color:#FFFFFF;padding-bottom:56.25%;}.ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image{display:block;width:100%;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;object-fit:cover;height:100%;}.ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3333333333333333;text-transform:uppercase;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;background:#141414;color:#F6F6F6;padding:0.25rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.2857142857142858;color:#545658;border-left:1px solid #8A8C8E;padding-left:0.5rem;margin:0.5rem 1.5rem 0 1.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption{margin:0.5rem 1.5rem 0 1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption{margin:0.5rem 0 0 0;}}.ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack >*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden)~*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden){margin-top:1.5rem;}.ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph{margin:0;}.ssrcss-1hbb5i-BylineComponentWrapper{margin:1.5rem 0;max-width:36.25rem;}.ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer{display:grid;-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;row-gap:0.5rem;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem 0.5rem;color:#545658;}.ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer>:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails{grid-column:1/3;}.ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails>:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;margin-bottom:0.25rem;color:#545658;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;font-weight:700;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;}}.ssrcss-84ltp5-Text{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;margin-bottom:0.25rem;color:#545658;}.ssrcss-1p5zx6c-Container{grid-column:1/3;}.ssrcss-10jchsn-Text-TextItalic{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;margin-bottom:0.25rem;color:#545658;font-style:italic;}.ssrcss-rn7xsk-Text-LocationText{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;margin-bottom:0.25rem;color:#545658;margin-bottom:0;}.ssrcss-15fq616-IconContainer{display:inline-block;height:0.625rem;width:0.625rem;margin-right:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider{background-color:#8A8C8E;width:2.5rem;height:0.125rem;margin-top:1rem;}.ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper{margin:1.5rem 0;max-width:50rem;}.ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' 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class="ssrcss-bwbna7-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headline" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Ukraine’s exhausted troops in Russia told to cling on and wait for Trump</span></h1></header><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Two Ukrainian soldiers lean over a mortar in a wooden ditch preparing to fire at Russian positions in the Sumy region on 30 September 2024" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/23bc/live/1a257a30-b0ce-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 976w" width="976" height="549" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Ukrainian soldiers say they've been ordered to hang onto territory in Kursk region until Trump takes office, with new policies, in January</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1hbb5i-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e19uhciu17"><div class="ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer e19uhciu16"><div class="ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails e19uhciu13"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e19uhciu6">Paul Adams</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e19uhciu10">BBC diplomatic correspondent</div></div><div class="ssrcss-1p5zx6c-Container e19uhciu14"><div class="ssrcss-10jchsn-Text-TextItalic e19uhciu7"><strong>Reporting from</strong></div><div class="ssrcss-rn7xsk-Text-LocationText e19uhciu8"><span class="ssrcss-15fq616-IconContainer e19uhciu4"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12.3 11c0 2.1 1.7 3.7 3.7 3.7s3.7-1.7 3.7-3.7-1.6-3.7-3.7-3.7S12.3 9 12.3 11m2.9 20c-3-4.4-5.6-8.5-7.3-12.1-1.5-3-2.1-5.6-2.1-7.9C5.7 5.5 10.1 1 16 1s10.3 4.6 10.3 10c0 2.3-.7 4.9-2.1 7.9-1.7 3.6-4.3 7.7-7.3 12.1z"></path></svg></span>Kyiv</div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e19uhciu15"></div></div><div data-component="metadata-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo1"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2024-12-02T19:13:19.836Z">2 December 2024</time></span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">The tone is dark, even angry.</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“The situation is getting worse every day.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“We don’t see the goal. Our land is not here.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Almost four months after Ukrainian troops launched a lightning offensive into the Russian region of Kursk, text messages from soldiers fighting there paint a dismal picture of a battle they don’t properly understand and fear they might be losing.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">We’ve been in contact, via Telegram, with several soldiers serving in Kursk, one of whom has recently left. We’ve agreed not to identify any of them.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">None of the names in this article are real.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">They speak of dire weather conditions and a chronic lack of sleep caused by Russia’s constant bombardment, which includes the use of terrifying, 3,000kg glide bombs.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">They’re also in retreat, with Russian forces gradually retaking territory.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“This trend will continue,” Pavlo wrote on 26 November. “It’s only a matter of time.”</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-b294mj-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A Ukrainian soldier stands next to a broken military vehicle, in Sumy region, Ukraine August 11, 2024" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/999/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 976w" width="999" height="562.4369999999999" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">They are under immense pressure in Kursk, under constant Russian bombardment</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Pavlo spoke of immense fatigue, the lack of rotation and the arrival of units, made up largely of middle-aged men, brought directly from other fronts with little or no time to rest in between.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">To hear soldiers complain - about their commanding officers, orders and lack of equipment - is hardly unusual. It’s what soldiers often do in difficult circumstances.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Under immense pressure from the enemy and with winter setting in, it would be surprising to hear much optimism.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But the messages we’ve received are almost uniformly bleak, suggesting that motivation is a problem.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Some questioned whether one of the operation’s initial goals - to divert Russian soldiers from Ukraine’s eastern front - had worked.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The orders now, they said, were to hang onto this small sliver of Russian territory until a new US president, with new policies, arrives in the White House at the end of January.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“The main task facing us is to hold the maximum territory until Trump’s inauguration and the start of negotiations,” Pavlo said. “In order to exchange it for something later. No-one knows what.”</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1mhermk-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="BBC map shows area of Kursk seized by Ukrainian forces in August versus a second map showing the same area in early December, showing where Russian troops have regained control." loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 976w" width="1280" height="1232" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Towards the end of November, President Zelensky indicated that both sides had the change of US administration in mind.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“I am sure that he [Putin] wants to push us out by 20 January,” he said.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“It is very important for him to demonstrate that he controls the situation. But he does not control the situation.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In an effort to help Ukraine thwart Russian counterattacks in Kursk, the US, UK and France have all permitted Kyiv to use long-range weapons on targets inside Russia.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">It doesn’t seem to have done much to lift spirits.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“No-one sits in a cold trench and prays for missiles,” Pavlo said.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“We live and fight here and now. And missiles fly somewhere else.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Atacms and Storm Shadow missiles may have been used to powerful, even devastating, effect on distant command posts and ammunition dumps, but such successes seem remote to soldiers on the front lines.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“We don’t talk about missiles,” Myroslav said. “In the bunkers we talk about family and rotation. About simple things.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">For Ukraine, Russia’s slow, grinding advance in eastern Ukraine underlines the necessity of clinging on in Kursk.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In October alone, Russia was able to occupy an estimated 500 sq km of Ukrainian territory, the most it’s taken since the early days of the full-scale invasion in 2022.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">By contrast, Ukraine has already lost around 40% of the territory it seized in Kursk in August.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“The key is not to capture but to hold,” Vadym said, “and we’re struggling a bit with that.”</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-ykeknp-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 800w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Russian soldiers cover their ears as a Giatsint-B field gun is fired towards Ukrainian positions somewhere in Russia, taken 19 September" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/909/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg 800w" width="909" height="511" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Russian forces have been gradually retaking territory in Kursk since Ukraine seized it in August</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Despite the losses, Vadym thinks the Kursk campaign is still vital.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“It did manage to divert some [Russian] forces from the Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv regions,” he said.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But some of the soldiers we spoke to said they felt they were in the wrong place, that it was more important to be on Ukraine’s eastern front, rather than occupying part of Russia.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“Our place should have been there [in eastern Ukraine], not here in someone else’s land,” Pavlo said. “We don’t need these Kursk forests, in which we left so many comrades.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And despite weeks of reports suggesting that as many as 10,000 North Korean troops have been sent to Kursk to join the Russian counter-offensive, the soldiers we’ve been in contact have yet to encounter them.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“I haven’t seen or heard anything about Koreans, alive or dead,” Vadym responded when we asked about the reports.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Ukrainian military has released recordings which it says are intercepts of North Korean radio communications.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Soldiers said they had been told to capture at least one North Korean prisoner, preferably with documents.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">They spoke of rewards - drones or extra leave - being offered to anyone who successfully captures a North Korean soldier.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“It’s very difficult to find a Korean in the dark Kursk forest,” Pavlo noted sarcastically. “Especially if he’s not here.”</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A soldier cries after returning from Kursk" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1024/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/b185/live/e0b28a80-b0d3-11ef-a6ec-dd05787bd0e4.jpg 976w" width="1024" height="576" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Morale seems low among the Ukrainian soldiers the BBC spoke to in Kursk</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Veterans of previous doomed operations see parallels in what’s happening in Kursk.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">From October 2023 until July this year, Ukrainian forces attempted to hold onto a tiny bridgehead at Krynky, on the left bank of the Dnipro River, some 25 miles (40km) upstream from the liberated city of Kherson.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The bridgehead, initially intended as a possible springboard for advances further into Russian-held territory in southern Ukraine, was eventually lost.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The operation was hugely costly. As many as 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers are thought to have been killed or gone missing.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Some came to see it as a stunt, designed to distract attention from the lack of progress elsewhere.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">They fear something similar might be happening in Kursk.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“Good idea but bad implementation,” says Myroslav, a marine officer who served in Krynky and is now in Kursk.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“Media effect, but no military result.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Military analysts insist that for all the hardship, the Kursk campaign continues to play an important role.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“It’s the only area where we maintain the initiative,” Serhiy Kuzan, of the Ukrainian Security and Cooperation Centre, told me.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">He acknowledged that Ukrainian forces were experiencing “incredibly difficult conditions” in Kursk, but said Russia was devoting vast resources to ejecting them - resources which it would prefer to be using elsewhere.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“The longer we can hold this Kursk front - with adequate equipment, artillery, Himars and of course long-range weapons to strike their rear - the better,” he said.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In Kyiv, the senior commanders stand by the Kursk operation, arguing that it’s still reaping military and political rewards.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"This situation annoys Putin,” one said recently, on condition of anonymity. “He is suffering heavy losses there."</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">As for how long Ukrainian troops would be able to hold out in Kursk, the answer was straightforward.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"As long as it is feasible from the military point of view."</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><i class="ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2">Additional reporting by Anastasiia Levchenko</i></p></div></div><div data-component="topic-list" class="ssrcss-1qmkvfu-TopicListWrapper etw6iwl1"><div class="ssrcss-113c0cq-StyledTagContainer ed0g1kj1"><div class="ssrcss-50vlbt-TopicListHeaderWrapper etw6iwl0"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">Related topics</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-17ehax8-Cluster e1ihwmse1"><ul role="list" spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1ujonwb-ClusterItems e1ihwmse0"><li><a href="/news/world/europe" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Europe</a></li><li><a href="/news/topics/c1vw6q14rzqt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">War in Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/news/topics/ce1qrvlegnyt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/news/topics/cx1m7zg0gzdt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div data-component="links-block" class="ssrcss-5i1hhv-LinksComponentWrapper e3eyuya0"><section class="ssrcss-msolhr-LinksWrapper e3eyuya5"><div class="ssrcss-1lqqmgw-LinksHeadingWrapper e3eyuya4"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">More on this story</h2></div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ypkflt-EndOfContentLinksGrid e3eyuya2"><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1m4lri3-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints et5qctl0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/c3vlg91yz6po" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Ukraine fights to keep the lights on as Russia hammers power plants</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">29 November 2024</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><span class="ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/2e93/live/43eee100-adb1-11ef-8f6c-f1a86bb055ec.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/2e93/live/43eee100-adb1-11ef-8f6c-f1a86bb055ec.png.webp 320w, 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We’ve agreed not to identify any of them.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"None of the names in this article are real.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"None of the names in this article are real.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They speak of dire weather conditions and a chronic lack of sleep caused by Russia’s constant bombardment, which includes the use of terrifying, 3,000kg glide bombs.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They speak of dire weather conditions and a chronic lack of sleep caused by Russia’s constant bombardment, which includes the use of terrifying, 3,000kg glide bombs.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They’re also in retreat, with Russian forces gradually retaking territory.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They’re also in retreat, with Russian forces gradually retaking territory.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“This trend will continue,” Pavlo wrote on 26 November. “It’s only a matter of time.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“This trend will continue,” Pavlo wrote on 26 November. “It’s only a matter of time.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They are under immense pressure in Kursk, under constant Russian bombardment\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They are under immense pressure in Kursk, under constant Russian bombardment\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A Ukrainian soldier stands next to a broken military vehicle, in Sumy region, Ukraine August 11, 2024\",\"copyright\":\"Reuters\",\"height\":562.4369999999999,\"width\":999,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/999/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/918f/live/26cd0890-b0c2-11ef-b2d5-1f470ee03eb2.jpg 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pavlo spoke of immense fatigue, the lack of rotation and the arrival of units, made up largely of middle-aged men, brought directly from other fronts with little or no time to rest in between.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pavlo spoke of immense fatigue, the lack of rotation and the arrival of units, made up largely of middle-aged men, brought directly from other fronts with little or no time to rest in between.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To hear soldiers complain - about their commanding officers, orders and lack of equipment - is hardly unusual. It’s what soldiers often do in difficult circumstances.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To hear soldiers complain - about their commanding officers, orders and lack of equipment - is hardly unusual. It’s what soldiers often do in difficult circumstances.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Under immense pressure from the enemy and with winter setting in, it would be surprising to hear much optimism.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Under immense pressure from the enemy and with winter setting in, it would be surprising to hear much optimism.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the messages we’ve received are almost uniformly bleak, suggesting that motivation is a problem.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the messages we’ve received are almost uniformly bleak, suggesting that motivation is a problem.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some questioned whether one of the operation’s initial goals - to divert Russian soldiers from Ukraine’s eastern front - had worked.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some questioned whether one of the operation’s initial goals - to divert Russian soldiers from Ukraine’s eastern front - had worked.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The orders now, they said, were to hang onto this small sliver of Russian territory until a new US president, with new policies, arrives in the White House at the end of January.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The orders now, they said, were to hang onto this small sliver of Russian territory until a new US president, with new policies, arrives in the White House at the end of January.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“The main task facing us is to hold the maximum territory until Trump’s inauguration and the start of negotiations,” Pavlo said. “In order to exchange it for something later. No-one knows what.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“The main task facing us is to hold the maximum territory until Trump’s inauguration and the start of negotiations,” Pavlo said. “In order to exchange it for something later. No-one knows what.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"image\":{\"alt\":\"BBC map shows area of Kursk seized by Ukrainian forces in August versus a second map showing the same area in early December, showing where Russian troops have regained control.\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":1232,\"width\":1280,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c1fd/live/a9c3e470-b0c8-11ef-a2ca-e99d0c9a24e3.png 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Towards the end of November, President Zelensky indicated that both sides had the change of US administration in mind.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Towards the end of November, President Zelensky indicated that both sides had the change of US administration in mind.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“I am sure that he [Putin] wants to push us out by 20 January,” he said.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“I am sure that he [Putin] wants to push us out by 20 January,” he said.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It is very important for him to demonstrate that he controls the situation. But he does not control the situation.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It is very important for him to demonstrate that he controls the situation. But he does not control the situation.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In an effort to help Ukraine thwart Russian counterattacks in Kursk, the US, UK and France have all permitted Kyiv to use long-range weapons on targets inside Russia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In an effort to help Ukraine thwart Russian counterattacks in Kursk, the US, UK and France have all permitted Kyiv to use long-range weapons on targets inside Russia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It doesn’t seem to have done much to lift spirits.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It doesn’t seem to have done much to lift spirits.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“No-one sits in a cold trench and prays for missiles,” Pavlo said.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“No-one sits in a cold trench and prays for missiles,” Pavlo said.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We live and fight here and now. And missiles fly somewhere else.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We live and fight here and now. And missiles fly somewhere else.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Atacms and Storm Shadow missiles may have been used to powerful, even devastating, effect on distant command posts and ammunition dumps, but such successes seem remote to soldiers on the front lines.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Atacms and Storm Shadow missiles may have been used to powerful, even devastating, effect on distant command posts and ammunition dumps, but such successes seem remote to soldiers on the front lines.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We don’t talk about missiles,” Myroslav said. “In the bunkers we talk about family and rotation. About simple things.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We don’t talk about missiles,” Myroslav said. “In the bunkers we talk about family and rotation. About simple things.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For Ukraine, Russia’s slow, grinding advance in eastern Ukraine underlines the necessity of clinging on in Kursk.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For Ukraine, Russia’s slow, grinding advance in eastern Ukraine underlines the necessity of clinging on in Kursk.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In October alone, Russia was able to occupy an estimated 500 sq km of Ukrainian territory, the most it’s taken since the early days of the full-scale invasion in 2022.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In October alone, Russia was able to occupy an estimated 500 sq km of Ukrainian territory, the most it’s taken since the early days of the full-scale invasion in 2022.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By contrast, Ukraine has already lost around 40% of the territory it seized in Kursk in August.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By contrast, Ukraine has already lost around 40% of the territory it seized in Kursk in August.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“The key is not to capture but to hold,” Vadym said, “and we’re struggling a bit with that.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“The key is not to capture but to hold,” Vadym said, “and we’re struggling a bit with that.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Russian forces have been gradually retaking territory in Kursk since Ukraine seized it in August\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Russian forces have been gradually retaking territory in Kursk since Ukraine seized it in August\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Russian soldiers cover their ears as a Giatsint-B field gun is fired towards Ukrainian positions somewhere in Russia, taken 19 September\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":511,\"width\":909,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/909/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/987a/live/61780a70-b0b9-11ef-842f-8fee5458b8e4.jpg.webp 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vital.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It did manage to divert some [Russian] forces from the Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv regions,” he said.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It did manage to divert some [Russian] forces from the Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv regions,” he said.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But some of the soldiers we spoke to said they felt they were in the wrong place, that it was more important to be on Ukraine’s eastern front, rather than occupying part of Russia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But some of the soldiers we spoke to said they felt they were in the wrong place, that it was more important to be on Ukraine’s eastern front, rather than occupying part of Russia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Our place should have been there [in eastern Ukraine], not here in someone else’s land,” Pavlo said. “We don’t need these Kursk forests, in which we left so many comrades.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Our place should have been there [in eastern Ukraine], not here in someone else’s land,” Pavlo said. “We don’t need these Kursk forests, in which we left so many comrades.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And despite weeks of reports suggesting that as many as 10,000 North Korean troops have been sent to Kursk to join the Russian counter-offensive, the soldiers we’ve been in contact have yet to encounter them.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And despite weeks of reports suggesting that as many as 10,000 North Korean troops have been sent to Kursk to join the Russian counter-offensive, the soldiers we’ve been in contact have yet to encounter them.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“I haven’t seen or heard anything about Koreans, alive or dead,” Vadym responded when we asked about the reports.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“I haven’t seen or heard anything about Koreans, alive or dead,” Vadym responded when we asked about the reports.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Ukrainian military has released recordings which it says are intercepts of North Korean radio communications.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Ukrainian military has released recordings which it says are intercepts of North Korean radio communications.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Soldiers said they had been told to capture at least one North Korean prisoner, preferably with documents.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Soldiers said they had been told to capture at least one North Korean prisoner, preferably with documents.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They spoke of rewards - drones or extra leave - being offered to anyone who successfully captures a North Korean soldier.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They spoke of rewards - drones or extra leave - being offered to anyone who successfully captures a North Korean soldier.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It’s very difficult to find a Korean in the dark Kursk forest,” Pavlo noted sarcastically. “Especially if he’s not here.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It’s very difficult to find a Korean in the dark Kursk forest,” Pavlo noted sarcastically. “Especially if he’s not here.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Morale seems low among the Ukrainian soldiers the BBC spoke to in Kursk\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Morale seems low among the Ukrainian 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Kursk.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Veterans of previous doomed operations see parallels in what’s happening in Kursk.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"From October 2023 until July this year, Ukrainian forces attempted to hold onto a tiny bridgehead at Krynky, on the left bank of the Dnipro River, some 25 miles (40km) upstream from the liberated city of Kherson.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"From October 2023 until July this year, Ukrainian forces attempted to hold onto a tiny bridgehead at Krynky, on the left bank of the Dnipro River, some 25 miles (40km) upstream from the liberated city of Kherson.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The bridgehead, initially intended as a possible springboard for advances further into Russian-held territory in southern Ukraine, was eventually lost.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The bridgehead, initially intended as a possible springboard for advances further into Russian-held territory in southern Ukraine, was eventually lost.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The operation was hugely costly. As many as 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers are thought to have been killed or gone missing.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The operation was hugely costly. As many as 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers are thought to have been killed or gone missing.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some came to see it as a stunt, designed to distract attention from the lack of progress elsewhere.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some came to see it as a stunt, designed to distract attention from the lack of progress elsewhere.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They fear something similar might be happening in Kursk.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They fear something similar might be happening in Kursk.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Good idea but bad implementation,” says Myroslav, a marine officer who served in Krynky and is now in Kursk.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Good idea but bad implementation,” says Myroslav, a marine officer who served in Krynky and is now in Kursk.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Media effect, but no military result.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Media effect, but no military result.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Military analysts insist that for all the hardship, the Kursk campaign continues to play an important role.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Military analysts insist that for all the hardship, the Kursk campaign continues to play an important role.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It’s the only area where we maintain the initiative,” Serhiy Kuzan, of the Ukrainian Security and Cooperation Centre, told me.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It’s the only area where we maintain the initiative,” Serhiy Kuzan, of the Ukrainian Security and Cooperation Centre, told me.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He acknowledged that Ukrainian forces were experiencing “incredibly difficult conditions” in Kursk, but said Russia was devoting vast resources to ejecting them - resources which it would prefer to be using elsewhere.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He acknowledged that Ukrainian forces were experiencing “incredibly difficult conditions” in Kursk, but said Russia was devoting vast resources to ejecting them - resources which it would prefer to be using elsewhere.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“The longer we can hold this Kursk front - with adequate equipment, artillery, Himars and of course long-range weapons to strike their rear - the better,” he said.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“The longer we can hold this Kursk front - with adequate equipment, artillery, Himars and of course long-range weapons to strike their 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