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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بوابة:علم الحيوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:علم الحيوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:T%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Portal:Tōng-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Portal:Tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:Animals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Portál:Živočichové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Živočichové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Zoologi" title="Portal:Zoologi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Portal:Zoologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Lebewesen" title="Portal:Lebewesen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Lebewesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%96%CF%89%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πύλη:Ζωολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Ζωολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:Zoologio" title="Portalo:Zoologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Zoologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="درگاه:جانورشناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:جانورشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Zoologie" title="Portail:Zoologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Zoologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="포털:동물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պորտալ:Կենդանիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Կենդանիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="प्रवेशद्वार:पशु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:पशु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Portali/prijedlozi/Portal:Zoologija" title="Wikipedija:Portali/prijedlozi/Portal:Zoologija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Portali/prijedlozi/Portal:Zoologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hewan" title="Portal:Hewan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Hewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Izilwane" title="Portal:Izilwane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Portal:Izilwane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Animali" title="Portale:Animali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Animali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פורטל:בעלי חיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:בעלי חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="პორტალი:ცხოველები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:ცხოველები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuveli:Sulemopa" title="Tuveli:Sulemopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tuveli:Sulemopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Gyv%C5%ABnai" title="Vikisritis:Gyvūnai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Gyvūnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C3%81llatvil%C3%A1g" title="Portál:Állatvilág – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Állatvilág" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Binatang" title="Portal:Binatang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Binatang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8D%E7%89%A9%E3%81%A8%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" title="Portal:生き物と自然 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:生き物と自然" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Zoologia" title="Portal:Zoologia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Portal:Zoologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Zoologia" title="Portal:Zoologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Zoologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Zoologia" title="Portal:Zoologia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Zoologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="ද්වාරය:සත්තු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:සත්තු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="باب:حيوانات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باب:حيوانات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەروازە:گیانلەبەران – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:گیانلەبەران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Djur" title="Portal:Djur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Djur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:விலங்குகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:விலங்குகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Зоология – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портал:Зоология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="สถานีย่อย:โลกของสัตว์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:โลกของสัตว์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:動物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:動物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to Animals</div> <p><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:Animals"></span><span id="Portal:Zoology"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint module-shortcutboxleft" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:Animals&redirect=no">P:Animals</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Zoology&redirect=no">Portal:Zoology</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animal_diversity_b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Animal_diversity_b.png/300px-Animal_diversity_b.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Animal_diversity_b.png 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animals</a></b> are <a href="/wiki/Multicellular" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicellular">multicellular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryotic">eukaryotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">biological kingdom</a> <b>Animalia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>). With few exceptions, animals <a href="/wiki/Heterotroph" title="Heterotroph">consume organic material</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_respiration#Aerobic_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">breathe oxygen</a>, have <a href="/wiki/Myocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocyte">myocytes</a> and are <a href="/wiki/Motility" title="Motility">able to move</a>, can <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">reproduce sexually</a>, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the <a href="/wiki/Blastula" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastula">blastula</a>, during <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic development">embryonic development</a>. Animals form a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>, meaning that they arose from a single <a href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a>. Over 1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">living</a> animal <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> have been <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a>, of which around 1.05 million are <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, over 85,000 are <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">molluscs</a>, and around 65,000 are <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>. It has been estimated there are as many as 7.77 million animal species on Earth. Animal body lengths range from 8.5 μm (0.00033 in) to 33.6 m (110 ft). They have complex <a href="/wiki/Ecologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologies">ecologies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biological_interaction" title="Biological interaction">interactions</a> with each other and their environments, forming intricate <a href="/wiki/Food_web" title="Food web">food webs</a>. The scientific study of animals is known as <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, and the study of animal behaviour is known as <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethology</a>. </p><p>The animal kingdom is divided into five <a href="/wiki/Infrakingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrakingdom">infrakingdoms</a>/<a href="/wiki/Superphyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Superphyla">superphyla</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Porifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Porifera">Porifera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Placozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a>. Most living animal species belong to the infrakingdom Bilateria, a highly proliferative <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> whose members have a <a href="/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology#Bilateral_symmetry" title="Symmetry in biology">bilaterally symmetric</a> <a href="/wiki/Body_plan" title="Body plan">body plan</a>, and the vast majority of bilaterians belong to two large <a href="/wiki/Superphyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Superphyla">superphyla</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Protostome" title="Protostome">protostomes</a>, which includes organisms such as <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">molluscs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flatworm" title="Flatworm">flatworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">annelids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematodes</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Deuterostome" title="Deuterostome">deuterostomes</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemichordate" title="Hemichordate">hemichordates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">chordates</a>, the latter of which contains the <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>. The much smaller <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> phylum <a href="/wiki/Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Xenacoelomorpha</a> have an uncertain position within Bilateria. </p><p>Animals first appear in the fossil record in the late <a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian</a> period and diversified in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran</a> period in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Avalon_explosion" title="Avalon explosion">Avalon explosion</a>. Earlier evidence of animals is still controversial; the <a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponge</a>-like organism <i><a href="/wiki/Otavia" title="Otavia">Otavia</a></i> has been dated back to the <a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian</a> period at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a>, but its identity as an animal is heavily contested. Nearly all modern animal phyla became clearly established in the fossil record as <a href="/wiki/Marine_life" title="Marine life">marine species</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_explosion" title="Cambrian explosion">Cambrian explosion</a>, which began around 539 <a href="/wiki/Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">million years ago</a> (Mya), and most <a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">classes</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Ordovician_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordovician radiation">Ordovician radiation</a> 485.4 Mya. 6,331 groups of <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> common to all living animals have been identified; these may have arisen from a single <a href="#Phylogeny">common ancestor</a> that lived about 650 Mya during the <a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian</a> period. (<b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Full article...</a></b>) </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">zoo-<span style="font-size:90%">OL</span>-ə-jee</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">zoh-<span style="font-size:90%">OL</span>-ə-jee</i></a>) is the scientific study of <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>. Its studies include the <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">structure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">embryology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological classification">classification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">habits</a>, and distribution of all animals, both living and <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a>, and how they interact with their <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>. Zoology is one of the primary branches of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>. The term is derived from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ζῷον</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">zōion</i></span> ('animal'), and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λόγος</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">logos</i></span> ('knowledge', 'study'). (<b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Read more about animals...</a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Read more about zoology...</a></b></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Animals&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_animal_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Selected animal - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Animals&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/23px-Cscr-featured.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/35px-Cscr-featured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/46px-Cscr-featured.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"><div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>Entries here consist of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">Featured</a> articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg/220px-Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg/330px-Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg/440px-Mabuia_Noronha_Skink.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Noronha_skink" title="Noronha skink">Noronha skink</a></b> (<i><b>Trachylepis atlantica</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Skink" title="Skink">skink</a> from the island of <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> off northeastern <a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_Brazil" title="List of reptiles of Brazil">Brazil</a>. It is covered with dark and light spots on the upperparts and is usually about 7 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) in length. The tail is long and muscular, but breaks off easily. Very common throughout Fernando de Noronha, it is an opportunistic feeder, eating both <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a> and plant material, including <a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">nectar</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Erythrina_velutina" title="Erythrina velutina">Erythrina velutina</a></i> tree, as well as other material ranging from cookie crumbs to eggs of its own species. <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">Introduced</a> <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predators</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cats</a> prey on it and several <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_worm" title="Parasitic worm">parasitic worms</a> infect it. </p><p>Perhaps seen by <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> in 1503, it was first formally described in 1839. Its subsequent <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> history has been complex, riddled with confusion with <i><a href="/wiki/Trachylepis_maculata" title="Trachylepis maculata">Trachylepis maculata</a></i> and other species, <a href="/wiki/Homonym_(biology)" title="Homonym (biology)">homonyms</a>, and other problems. The species is classified in the otherwise mostly African genus <i><a href="/wiki/Trachylepis" title="Trachylepis">Trachylepis</a></i> and is thought to have reached its island from Africa by <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dispersal" title="Oceanic dispersal">rafting</a>. The enigmatic <i><a href="/wiki/Trachylepis_tschudii" title="Trachylepis tschudii">Trachylepis tschudii</a></i>, supposedly from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, may well be the same species. (<b><a href="/wiki/Noronha_skink" title="Noronha skink">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected animal articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">Elephant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">Platypus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Javan_rhinoceros" title="Javan rhinoceros">Javan rhinoceros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aliger_gigas" title="Aliger gigas">Aliger gigas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Bird</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">Leech</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Starfish" title="Starfish">Starfish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">Jellyfish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_anemone" title="Sea anemone">Sea anemone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Bird</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">Seabird</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_gannet" title="Australasian gannet">Australasian gannet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_amazon" title="Puerto Rican amazon">Puerto Rican amazon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">Bat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Sheep</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bluebuck" title="Bluebuck">Bluebuck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_mink" title="Sea mink">Sea mink</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">Sei whale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">Elk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_hare" title="European hare">European hare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_anteater" title="Giant anteater">Giant anteater</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thylacine" title="Thylacine">Thylacine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pennatomys" title="Pennatomys">Pennatomys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tammar_wallaby" title="Tammar wallaby">Tammar wallaby</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Giraffe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Koala" title="Koala">Koala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_bat" title="Horseshoe bat">Horseshoe bat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (animal)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_eland" title="Giant eland">Giant eland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Cattle Dog">Australian Cattle Dog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dire_wolf" title="Dire wolf">Dire wolf</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle" title="Beagle">Beagle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mantis" title="Mantis">Mantis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">Ant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshopper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Horse-fly" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse-fly">Horse-fly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_tortoise" title="Galápagos tortoise">Galápagos tortoise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Hawksbill sea turtle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Common_toad" title="Common toad">Common toad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_black_snake" title="Red-bellied black snake">Red-bellied black snake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_green_mamba" title="Eastern green mamba">Eastern green mamba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Golden-crowned_sifaka" title="Golden-crowned sifaka">Golden-crowned sifaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/False_potto" title="False potto">False potto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flocke" title="Flocke">Flocke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">Zebra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_trout" title="Cutthroat trout">Cutthroat trout</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_sunfish" title="Ocean sunfish">Ocean sunfish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manta_ray" title="Manta ray">Manta ray</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Goblin_shark" title="Goblin shark">Goblin shark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pallid_sturgeon" title="Pallid sturgeon">Pallid sturgeon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Redback_spider" title="Redback spider">Redback spider</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Megalodon" title="Megalodon">Megalodon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Silky_shark" title="Silky shark">Silky shark</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_pictures" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected pictures</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238452006">.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mw-gallery-slideshow-img-container>a[href="/wiki/File:Blank.png"]{display:none}.mw-parser-output .gallerytext{font-size:100%!important;text-align:left}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container portalSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Rotifers Credit: Frank Fox The rotifers (/ˈroʊtɪfərz/, from Latin rota 'wheel' and -fer 'bearing'), sometimes called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera /roʊˈtɪfərə/) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals. (Full article...) More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 1 Rotifers Credit: Frank Fox The rotifers (/ˈroʊtɪfərz/, from Latin rota 'wheel' and -fer 'bearing'), sometimes called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera /roʊˈtɪfərə/) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals. (Full article...) More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg/120px-Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg/180px-Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg/240px-Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Rotifer" title="Rotifer">Rotifers</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mikro-foto.de/">Frank Fox</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Rotifer" title="Rotifer">rotifers</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rota#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:rota">rota</a></i></span> 'wheel' and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-fer#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:-fer">-fer</a></i></span> 'bearing'), sometimes called <b>wheel animals</b> or <b>wheel animalcules</b>, make up a <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> (<b>Rotifera</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>) of microscopic and near-microscopic <a href="/wiki/Coelom#Pseudocoelomates" title="Coelom">pseudocoelomate</a> <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Rotifer" title="Rotifer">Full article...</a></b>)</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Redeye gaper Photo: Steve Ross, NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration The redeye gaper (Chaunax stigmaeus) is a sedentary species of anglerfish native to deep waters in the western North Atlantic from the Georges Bank off New England southward to the Blake Plateau off South Carolina. It is a sedentary ambush predator that spends most of its time resting on the sea floor on its pectoral and pelvic fins, moving only to capture prey or avoid predators. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 2 Redeye gaper Photo: Steve Ross, NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration The redeye gaper (Chaunax stigmaeus) is a sedentary species of anglerfish native to deep waters in the western North Atlantic from the Georges Bank off New England southward to the Blake Plateau off South Carolina. It is a sedentary ambush predator that spends most of its time resting on the sea floor on its pectoral and pelvic fins, moving only to capture prey or avoid predators. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg/120px-Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg/180px-Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg/240px-Chaunax_stigmaeus_dorsal_view2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Redeye_gaper" title="Redeye gaper">Redeye gaper</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: Steve Ross, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Ocean_Exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Ocean Exploration">NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Redeye_gaper" title="Redeye gaper">redeye gaper</a></b> (<i>Chaunax stigmaeus</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sedentism" title="Sedentism">sedentary</a> species of <a href="/wiki/Anglerfish" title="Anglerfish">anglerfish</a> native to deep waters in the western <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bank" title="Georges Bank">Georges Bank</a> off <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> southward to the <a href="/wiki/Blake_Plateau" title="Blake Plateau">Blake Plateau</a> off <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. It is a sedentary <a href="/wiki/Ambush_predator" title="Ambush predator">ambush predator</a> that spends most of its time resting on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea floor">sea floor</a> on its pectoral and pelvic fins, moving only to capture prey or avoid predators.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Bryozoa Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Kunstformen der Natur (1904) Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimetres (1⁄64 in) long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869 living species are known. Originally all of the crown group Bryozoa were colonial, but as an adaptation to a mesopsammal (interstitial spaces in marine sand) life or to deep-sea habitats, secondarily solitary forms have since evolved. Solitary species has been described in four genera; Aethozooides, Aethozoon, Franzenella and Monobryozoon). The latter having a statocyst-like organ with a supposed excretory function. (Full article...) More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 3 Bryozoa Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Kunstformen der Natur (1904) Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about 0.5 millimetres (1⁄64 in) long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869 living species are known. Originally all of the crown group Bryozoa were colonial, but as an adaptation to a mesopsammal (interstitial spaces in marine sand) life or to deep-sea habitats, secondarily solitary forms have since evolved. Solitary species has been described in four genera; Aethozooides, Aethozoon, Franzenella and Monobryozoon). The latter having a statocyst-like organ with a supposed excretory function. (Full article...) More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg/85px-Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg/127px-Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg/169px-Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="3289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Credit: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>, <i>Kunstformen der Natur</i> (1904)</span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></b> (also known as the <b>Polyzoa</b>, <b>Ectoprocta</b> or commonly as <b>moss animals</b>) are a <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> of simple, <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_animal" title="Aquatic animal">aquatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrate</a> animals, nearly all living in sedentary <a href="/wiki/Colony_(biology)" title="Colony (biology)">colonies</a>. Typically about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>0.5 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">64</span></span> in) long, they have a special feeding structure called a <a href="/wiki/Lophophore" title="Lophophore">lophophore</a>, a "crown" of tentacles used for <a href="/wiki/Filter_feeder" title="Filter feeder">filter feeding</a>. Most <a href="/wiki/Marine_(ocean)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (ocean)">marine</a> bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">oceanic trenches</a> and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the <a href="/wiki/Stenolaemata" title="Stenolaemata">marine bryozoans</a> (Stenolaemata), <a href="/wiki/Phylactolaemata" title="Phylactolaemata">freshwater bryozoans</a> (Phylactolaemata), and <a href="/wiki/Gymnolaemata" title="Gymnolaemata">mostly-marine bryozoans</a> (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a>. 5,869<span class="nowrap"> </span>living species are known. Originally all of the crown group Bryozoa were colonial, but as an adaptation to a mesopsammal (interstitial spaces in marine sand) life or to deep-sea habitats, secondarily solitary forms have since evolved. Solitary species has been described in four <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>; <i>Aethozooides</i>, <i>Aethozoon</i>, <i>Franzenella</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Monobryozoon" title="Monobryozoon">Monobryozoon</a></i>). The latter having a statocyst-like organ with a supposed excretory function. (<b><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Full article...</a></b>)</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ophiura_ophiura.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Brittle star Credit: Hans Hillewaert Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (from Latin ophiurus 'brittle star'; from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis) 'serpent' and οὐρά (ourá) 'tail'; referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. The ophiuroids generally have five long, slender, whip-like arms which may reach up to 60 cm (24 in) in length on the largest specimens. (Full article...) More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 4 Brittle star Credit: Hans Hillewaert Brittle stars, serpent stars, or ophiuroids (from Latin ophiurus 'brittle star'; from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis) 'serpent' and οὐρά (ourá) 'tail'; referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea, closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. The ophiuroids generally have five long, slender, whip-like arms which may reach up to 60 cm (24 in) in length on the largest specimens. (Full article...) More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ophiura_ophiura.jpg/120px-Ophiura_ophiura.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ophiura_ophiura.jpg/180px-Ophiura_ophiura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ophiura_ophiura.jpg/240px-Ophiura_ophiura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Brittle_star" title="Brittle star">Brittle star</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Credit: Hans Hillewaert</span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Brittle_star" title="Brittle star">Brittle stars</a></b>, <b>serpent stars</b>, or <b>ophiuroids</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> ophiurus</i> 'brittle star'; from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%84%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὄφις">ὄφις</a></span><i> (óphis)</i> 'serpent' and <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BF%E1%BD%90%CF%81%CE%AC#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:οὐρά">οὐρά</a></span><i> (ourá)</i> 'tail'; referring to the serpent-like arms of the brittle star) are <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a> in the class <b>Ophiuroidea</b>, closely related to <a href="/wiki/Starfish" title="Starfish">starfish</a>. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. The ophiuroids generally have five long, slender, whip-like arms which may reach up to 60 cm (24 in) in length on the largest specimens. (<b><a href="/wiki/Brittle_star" title="Brittle star">Full article...</a></b>)</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bihoreau_Gris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Black-crowned night heron Photograph: Alain Carpentier A black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) feeding on a fish in the shallows of the Chêne River in Montreal, Quebec. These widespread ambush predators average 64 cm (25 in) in length. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 5 Black-crowned night heron Photograph: Alain Carpentier A black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) feeding on a fish in the shallows of the Chêne River in Montreal, Quebec. These widespread ambush predators average 64 cm (25 in) in length. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bihoreau_Gris.jpg/120px-Bihoreau_Gris.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bihoreau_Gris.jpg/180px-Bihoreau_Gris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bihoreau_Gris.jpg/240px-Bihoreau_Gris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_night_heron" title="Black-crowned night heron">Black-crowned night heron</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Acarpentier" class="extiw" title="c:User:Acarpentier">Alain Carpentier</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A <b><a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_night_heron" title="Black-crowned night heron">black-crowned night heron</a></b> (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) feeding on a fish in the shallows of the Chêne River in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec. These widespread <a href="/wiki/Ambush_predator" title="Ambush predator">ambush predators</a> average 64 cm (25 in) in length.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Calcareous sponge Image credit: Ernst Haeckel Plate 5 from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, showing a variety of calcareous sponges, a class of about 400 marine sponges that are found mostly in shallow tropical waters worldwide. Calcareous sponges vary from radially symmetrical vase-shaped body types to colonies made up of a meshwork of thin tubes, or irregular massive forms. The skeleton has either a mesh or honeycomb structure. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 6 Calcareous sponge Image credit: Ernst Haeckel Plate 5 from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, showing a variety of calcareous sponges, a class of about 400 marine sponges that are found mostly in shallow tropical waters worldwide. Calcareous sponges vary from radially symmetrical vase-shaped body types to colonies made up of a meshwork of thin tubes, or irregular massive forms. The skeleton has either a mesh or honeycomb structure. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg/87px-Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg/130px-Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg/174px-Haeckel_Calcispongiae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="3402" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Calcareous_sponge" title="Calcareous sponge">Calcareous sponge</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Image credit: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">Plate 5 from <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Natur" title="Kunstformen der Natur">Kunstformen der Natur</a></i>, showing a variety of <b><a href="/wiki/Calcareous_sponge" title="Calcareous sponge">calcareous sponges</a></b>, a <a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a> of about 400 marine <a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponges</a> that are found mostly in shallow tropical waters worldwide. Calcareous sponges vary from radially symmetrical vase-shaped body types to colonies made up of a meshwork of thin tubes, or irregular massive forms. The skeleton has either a mesh or honeycomb structure.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Octopus_shell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Coconut octopus Photo: Nick Hobgood The coconut octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus) is a medium-sized cephalopod found in tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean. It commonly preys upon shrimp, crabs, and clams, and displays unusual behaviour, including bipedal walking and gathering and using coconut shells and seashells for shelter. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 7 Coconut octopus Photo: Nick Hobgood The coconut octopus (Amphioctopus marginatus) is a medium-sized cephalopod found in tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean. It commonly preys upon shrimp, crabs, and clams, and displays unusual behaviour, including bipedal walking and gathering and using coconut shells and seashells for shelter. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Octopus_shell.jpg/120px-Octopus_shell.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Octopus_shell.jpg/180px-Octopus_shell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Octopus_shell.jpg/240px-Octopus_shell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Amphioctopus_marginatus" title="Amphioctopus marginatus">Coconut octopus</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Nhobgood" title="User:Nhobgood">Nick Hobgood</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Amphioctopus_marginatus" title="Amphioctopus marginatus">coconut octopus</a></b> (<i>Amphioctopus marginatus</i>) is a medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">cephalopod</a> found in tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean. It commonly preys upon <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a>, and displays unusual behaviour, including bipedal walking and gathering and using <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> shells and seashells for shelter.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eutropis_(skink)_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Eutropis macularia Photograph credit: Basile Morin Eutropis macularia, the bronze grass skink, is a species of lizard in the skink family, Scincidae, native to South and Southeast Asia. It lives in both deciduous and evergreen forests, in plantations, in grasslands, and in rocky areas with scattered trees. The species is active in both the day and the night, feeding on insects and other invertebrates. This bronze grass skink was photographed on a tree trunk on the island of Don Det in Laos. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 8 Eutropis macularia Photograph credit: Basile Morin Eutropis macularia, the bronze grass skink, is a species of lizard in the skink family, Scincidae, native to South and Southeast Asia. It lives in both deciduous and evergreen forests, in plantations, in grasslands, and in rocky areas with scattered trees. The species is active in both the day and the night, feeding on insects and other invertebrates. This bronze grass skink was photographed on a tree trunk on the island of Don Det in Laos. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eutropis_%28skink%29_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg/120px-Eutropis_%28skink%29_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eutropis_%28skink%29_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg/180px-Eutropis_%28skink%29_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eutropis_%28skink%29_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg/240px-Eutropis_%28skink%29_on_a_tree_trunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6629" data-file-height="3729" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eutropis_macularia" title="Eutropis macularia">Eutropis macularia</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Basile_Morin" title="User:Basile Morin">Basile Morin</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eutropis_macularia" title="Eutropis macularia">Eutropis macularia</a></b></i>, the bronze grass skink, is a species of lizard in the <a href="/wiki/Skink" title="Skink">skink</a> family, Scincidae, native to South and Southeast Asia. It lives in both deciduous and evergreen forests, in plantations, in grasslands, and in rocky areas with scattered trees. The species is active in both the day and the night, feeding on insects and other invertebrates. This bronze grass skink was photographed on a tree trunk on the island of <a href="/wiki/Don_Det" title="Don Det">Don Det</a> in Laos.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joined_moths.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Mating Photograph: Kateshortforbob Two poplar hawk-moths in the process of mating, the pairing of opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, generally for the purposes of sexual reproduction. Mating may involve copulation if the species' fertilization is internal, but not if it is external. Different species use different strategies to select a mate, including random mating, disassortative mating, assortative mating, and a mating pool. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 9 Mating Photograph: Kateshortforbob Two poplar hawk-moths in the process of mating, the pairing of opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, generally for the purposes of sexual reproduction. Mating may involve copulation if the species' fertilization is internal, but not if it is external. Different species use different strategies to select a mate, including random mating, disassortative mating, assortative mating, and a mating pool. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Joined_moths.JPG/90px-Joined_moths.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Joined_moths.JPG/135px-Joined_moths.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Joined_moths.JPG/180px-Joined_moths.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">Mating</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:Kateshortforbob" title="User:Kateshortforbob">Kateshortforbob</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">Two <a href="/wiki/Laothoe_populi" title="Laothoe populi">poplar hawk-moths</a> in the process of <b><a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a></b>, the pairing of opposite-<a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphroditic</a> <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a>, generally for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexual reproduction</a>. Mating may involve <a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour" title="Animal sexual behaviour">copulation</a> if the species' fertilization is <a href="/wiki/Internal_fertilization" title="Internal fertilization">internal</a>, but not if it is <a href="/wiki/External_fertilization" title="External fertilization">external</a>. Different species use different strategies to select a mate, including <a href="/wiki/Random_mating" class="mw-redirect" title="Random mating">random mating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disassortative_mating" title="Disassortative mating">disassortative mating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assortative_mating" title="Assortative mating">assortative mating</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Mating_pool" title="Mating pool">mating pool</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periclimenes_imperator_(Emperor_shrimp)_on_Bohadschia_argus_(Sea_cucumber).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Emperor shrimp Photo: Nick Hobgood The Emperor shrimp (Periclimenes imperator) is a species of shrimp with a wide distribution across the Indo-Pacific. It lives commensally on a number of hosts, including sea cucumbers (Bohadschia argus shown here). More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 10 Emperor shrimp Photo: Nick Hobgood The Emperor shrimp (Periclimenes imperator) is a species of shrimp with a wide distribution across the Indo-Pacific. It lives commensally on a number of hosts, including sea cucumbers (Bohadschia argus shown here). More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Periclimenes_imperator_%28Emperor_shrimp%29_on_Bohadschia_argus_%28Sea_cucumber%29.jpg/120px-Periclimenes_imperator_%28Emperor_shrimp%29_on_Bohadschia_argus_%28Sea_cucumber%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Periclimenes_imperator_%28Emperor_shrimp%29_on_Bohadschia_argus_%28Sea_cucumber%29.jpg/180px-Periclimenes_imperator_%28Emperor_shrimp%29_on_Bohadschia_argus_%28Sea_cucumber%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Periclimenes_imperator_%28Emperor_shrimp%29_on_Bohadschia_argus_%28Sea_cucumber%29.jpg/240px-Periclimenes_imperator_%28Emperor_shrimp%29_on_Bohadschia_argus_%28Sea_cucumber%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="2134" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Periclimenes_imperator" title="Periclimenes imperator">Emperor shrimp</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Nhobgood" title="User:Nhobgood">Nick Hobgood</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Periclimenes_imperator" title="Periclimenes imperator">Emperor shrimp</a></b> (<i>Periclimenes imperator</i>) is a species of <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> with a wide distribution across the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a>. It lives <a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">commensally</a> on a number of hosts, including <a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">sea cucumbers</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bohadschia_argus" title="Bohadschia argus">Bohadschia argus</a></i> shown here).</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Caenorhabditis elegans diagram Diagram: K.D. Schroeder A lateral (left side) anatomical diagram of an adult-stage nematode hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans (full size) with emphasis on the digestive and reproductive systems. C. elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm) which measures about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) in length. The hermaphrodite form, as seen here, is the most common, although a male form is also found. When self-inseminated, the species will lay about 300 eggs, but when the hermaphrodite is inseminated by a male, the number of progeny can exceed 1,000. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 11 Caenorhabditis elegans diagram Diagram: K.D. Schroeder A lateral (left side) anatomical diagram of an adult-stage nematode hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans (full size) with emphasis on the digestive and reproductive systems. C. elegans is a free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm) which measures about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) in length. The hermaphrodite form, as seen here, is the most common, although a male form is also found. When self-inseminated, the species will lay about 300 eggs, but when the hermaphrodite is inseminated by a male, the number of progeny can exceed 1,000. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg/120px-Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg/180px-Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg/240px-Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans"><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> diagram</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Diagram: <a href="/wiki/User:KDS4444" title="User:KDS4444">K.D. Schroeder</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A lateral (left side) anatomical diagram of an adult-stage nematode <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphrodite</a> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">Caenorhabditis elegans</a></b></i> (<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg/1280px-Caenorhabditis_elegans_hermaphrodite_adult-en.svg.png">full size</a></span>) with emphasis on the digestive and reproductive systems. <i>C. elegans</i> is a free-living, transparent <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematode</a> (roundworm) which measures about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) in length. The hermaphrodite form, as seen here, is the most common, although a male form is also found. When self-inseminated, the species will lay about 300 eggs, but when the hermaphrodite is inseminated by a male, the number of progeny can exceed 1,000.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_(Hydrurga_leptonyx)_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Leopard seal Photograph: Godot13 The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also known as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic, after the southern elephant seal. Its only natural predators are the killer whale and possibly the elephant seal. It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, birds and fish. Together with the Ross seal, the crabeater seal and the Weddell seal, it is part of the tribe of lobodontini seals. This image shows a leopard seal in the Antarctic Sound in 2016. See also the same seal yawning. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 12 Leopard seal Photograph: Godot13 The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also known as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic, after the southern elephant seal. Its only natural predators are the killer whale and possibly the elephant seal. It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, birds and fish. Together with the Ross seal, the crabeater seal and the Weddell seal, it is part of the tribe of lobodontini seals. This image shows a leopard seal in the Antarctic Sound in 2016. See also the same seal yawning. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_%28Hydrurga_leptonyx%29_05.jpg/120px-Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_%28Hydrurga_leptonyx%29_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_%28Hydrurga_leptonyx%29_05.jpg/180px-Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_%28Hydrurga_leptonyx%29_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_%28Hydrurga_leptonyx%29_05.jpg/240px-Antarctic_Sound-2016-Brown_Bluff%E2%80%93Leopard_seal_%28Hydrurga_leptonyx%29_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3951" data-file-height="2634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:Godot13" title="User:Godot13">Godot13</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">leopard seal</a></b> (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>), also known as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> in the Antarctic, after the <a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">southern elephant seal</a>. Its only natural predators are the <a href="/wiki/Killer_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer whale">killer whale</a> and possibly the <a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">elephant seal</a>. It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, birds and fish. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">crabeater seal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal</a>, it is part of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">lobodontini</a> seals.<br /><br />This image shows a leopard seal in the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Sound" title="Antarctic Sound">Antarctic Sound</a> in 2016. See also <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2018-12-13/2" title="Template:POTD/2018-12-13/2">the same seal yawning</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Bolinus cornutus Photograph: H. Zell Bolinus cornutus is a predatory species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae. This species is common along the west coast of Africa, where it prefers moderately shallow waters. The shell of the snail is distinctively large, spiny, and club-shaped, usually pale brown or tan in colour, with an elongated and straight siphonal canal. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 13 Bolinus cornutus Photograph: H. Zell Bolinus cornutus is a predatory species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae. This species is common along the west coast of Africa, where it prefers moderately shallow waters. The shell of the snail is distinctively large, spiny, and club-shaped, usually pale brown or tan in colour, with an elongated and straight siphonal canal. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg/120px-Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg/180px-Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg/240px-Bolinus_cornutus_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5088" data-file-height="3832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bolinus_cornutus" title="Bolinus cornutus">Bolinus cornutus</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:Llez" title="User:Llez">H. Zell</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bolinus_cornutus" title="Bolinus cornutus">Bolinus cornutus</a></b></i> is a predatory <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sea_snail" title="Sea snail">sea snail</a>, a marine <a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">gastropod</a> <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">mollusk</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Muricidae" title="Muricidae">Muricidae</a>. This species is common along the west coast of Africa, where it prefers moderately shallow waters. The shell of the snail is distinctively large, spiny, and club-shaped, usually pale brown or tan in colour, with an elongated and straight <a href="/wiki/Siphonal_canal" title="Siphonal canal">siphonal canal</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Sponges Credit: Twilight Zone Expedition Team 2007, NOAA-OE Sponges or sea sponges are members of the metazoan phylum Porifera (/pəˈrɪfərəˌ pɔː-/ pər-IF-ər-ə, por-; meaning 'pore bearer'), a basal animal clade and a sister taxon of the diploblasts. They are sessile filter feeders that are bound to the seabed, and are one of the most ancient members of macrobenthos, with many historical species being important reef-building organisms. (Full article...) Included are the yellow tube sponge, Aplysina fistularis, the purple vase sponge, Niphates digitalis, the red encrusting sponge, Spirastrella coccinea, and the gray rope sponge, Callyspongia sp. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 14 Sponges Credit: Twilight Zone Expedition Team 2007, NOAA-OE Sponges or sea sponges are members of the metazoan phylum Porifera (/pəˈrɪfərəˌ pɔː-/ pər-IF-ər-ə, por-; meaning 'pore bearer'), a basal animal clade and a sister taxon of the diploblasts. They are sessile filter feeders that are bound to the seabed, and are one of the most ancient members of macrobenthos, with many historical species being important reef-building organisms. (Full article...) Included are the yellow tube sponge, Aplysina fistularis, the purple vase sponge, Niphates digitalis, the red encrusting sponge, Spirastrella coccinea, and the gray rope sponge, Callyspongia sp. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/120px-Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/180px-Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/240px-Reef3859_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">Sponges</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Credit: Twilight Zone Expedition Team 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/people/51647007@N08">NOAA-OE</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">Sponges</a></b> or <b>sea sponges</b> are members of the <a href="/wiki/Metazoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Metazoan">metazoan</a> <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> <b>Porifera</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">pər-<span style="font-size:90%">IF</span>-ər-ə, por-</i></a>; meaning 'pore bearer'), a <a href="/wiki/Basal_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Basal animal">basal animal</a> <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister taxon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">diploblasts</a>. They are <a href="/wiki/Sessility_(motility)" title="Sessility (motility)">sessile</a> <a href="/wiki/Filter_feeder" title="Filter feeder">filter feeders</a> that are bound to the <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">seabed</a>, and are one of the most ancient members of <a href="/wiki/Macrobenthos" title="Macrobenthos">macrobenthos</a>, with many historical species being important <a href="/wiki/Sponge_reef" title="Sponge reef">reef</a>-building organisms. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">Full article...</a></b>) Included are the yellow tube sponge, <i><a href="/wiki/Aplysina_fistularis" title="Aplysina fistularis">Aplysina fistularis</a></i>, the purple vase sponge, <i><a href="/wiki/Niphates_digitalis" title="Niphates digitalis">Niphates digitalis</a></i>, the red encrusting sponge, <i><a href="/wiki/Spirastrella_coccinea" title="Spirastrella coccinea">Spirastrella coccinea</a></i>, and the gray rope sponge, <i><a href="/wiki/Callyspongia" title="Callyspongia">Callyspongia</a></i> sp.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bufo_periglenes2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Golden toad Photo: Charles H. Smith, USFWS The golden toad (Bufo periglenes) is an extinct species of true toad that was once abundant in a small region of high-altitude cloud-covered tropical forests, about 30 km2 (12 sq mi) in area, above the city of Monteverde, Costa Rica. The last reported sighting of a golden toad was on 15 May 1989. Its sudden extinction may have been caused by chytrid fungus and extensive habitat loss. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 15 Golden toad Photo: Charles H. Smith, USFWS The golden toad (Bufo periglenes) is an extinct species of true toad that was once abundant in a small region of high-altitude cloud-covered tropical forests, about 30 km2 (12 sq mi) in area, above the city of Monteverde, Costa Rica. The last reported sighting of a golden toad was on 15 May 1989. Its sudden extinction may have been caused by chytrid fungus and extensive habitat loss. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bufo_periglenes2.jpg/120px-Bufo_periglenes2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bufo_periglenes2.jpg/180px-Bufo_periglenes2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bufo_periglenes2.jpg/240px-Bufo_periglenes2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3576" data-file-height="2385" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Golden_toad" title="Golden toad">Golden toad</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: Charles H. Smith, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">USFWS</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Golden_toad" title="Golden toad">golden toad</a></b> (<i>Bufo periglenes</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> species of <a href="/wiki/True_toad" title="True toad">true toad</a> that was once abundant in a small region of high-altitude cloud-covered <a href="/wiki/Tropical_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical forests">tropical forests</a>, about 30 km<sup>2</sup> (12 sq mi) in area, above the city of <a href="/wiki/Monteverde" title="Monteverde">Monteverde</a>, Costa Rica. The last reported sighting of a golden toad was on <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 1989. Its sudden extinction may have been caused by <a href="/wiki/Chytrid_fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chytrid fungus">chytrid fungus</a> and extensive <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haeckel_Platodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16 Flatworms Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Kunstformen der Natur (1904) The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Being acoelomates (having no body cavity), and having no specialised circulatory and respiratory organs, they are restricted to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food can not be processed continuously. (Full article...) More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 16 Flatworms Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Kunstformen der Natur (1904) The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Being acoelomates (having no body cavity), and having no specialised circulatory and respiratory organs, they are restricted to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food can not be processed continuously. (Full article...) More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Haeckel_Platodes.jpg/84px-Haeckel_Platodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Haeckel_Platodes.jpg/126px-Haeckel_Platodes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Haeckel_Platodes.jpg/169px-Haeckel_Platodes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3271" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Flatworm" title="Flatworm">Flatworms</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Credit: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>, <i>Kunstformen der Natur</i> (1904)</span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Flatworm" title="Flatworm">flatworms</a></b>, <b>flat worms</b>, <b>Platyhelminthes</b>, or <b>platyhelminths</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> πλατύ, <i>platy</i>, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), <i>helminth-</i>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worm</a>") are a <a href="/wiki/Phylum_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum (biology)">phylum</a> of relatively simple <a href="/wiki/Bilaterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilaterian">bilaterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Segmentation_(biology)" title="Segmentation (biology)">unsegmented</a>, soft-bodied <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>. Being <a href="/wiki/Acoelomate" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoelomate">acoelomates</a> (having no <a href="/wiki/Coelom" title="Coelom">body cavity</a>), and having no specialised <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory</a> <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a>, they are restricted to having flattened shapes that allow <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and nutrients to pass through their bodies by <a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a>. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> can not be processed continuously. (<b><a href="/wiki/Flatworm" title="Flatworm">Full article...</a></b>)</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17 Soybean cyst nematode Photograph: Agricultural Research Service A soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), together with an egg, as viewed through a low-temperature scanning electron microscope at 1000x magnification. This nematode infects the roots of soybeans, and the female nematode eventually becomes a cyst. Infection causes various symptoms that may include chlorosis of the leaves and stems, root necrosis, loss in seed yield and suppression of root and shoot growth. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 17 Soybean cyst nematode Photograph: Agricultural Research Service A soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), together with an egg, as viewed through a low-temperature scanning electron microscope at 1000x magnification. This nematode infects the roots of soybeans, and the female nematode eventually becomes a cyst. Infection causes various symptoms that may include chlorosis of the leaves and stems, root necrosis, loss in seed yield and suppression of root and shoot growth. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg/120px-Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg/180px-Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg/240px-Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_cyst_nematode" title="Soybean cyst nematode">Soybean cyst nematode</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A <b><a href="/wiki/Soybean_cyst_nematode" title="Soybean cyst nematode">soybean cyst nematode</a></b> (<i>Heterodera glycines</i>), together with an egg, as viewed through a low-temperature <a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">scanning electron microscope</a> at 1000x magnification. This <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematode</a> infects the roots of soybeans, and the female nematode eventually becomes a <a href="/wiki/Microbial_cyst" title="Microbial cyst">cyst</a>. Infection causes various symptoms that may include <a href="/wiki/Chlorosis" title="Chlorosis">chlorosis</a> of the leaves and stems, root necrosis, loss in seed yield and suppression of root and shoot growth.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18 Pinctada Photograph: Didier Descouens A black-lip oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) specimen. This species of clam in the genus Pinctada is a marine bivalve mollusc that is harvested for its pearls in the Persian Gulf and southwestern part of the Indian Ocean, Fiji, Tahiti, Myanmar, Baja California, and the Gulf of Mexico. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 18 Pinctada Photograph: Didier Descouens A black-lip oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) specimen. This species of clam in the genus Pinctada is a marine bivalve mollusc that is harvested for its pearls in the Persian Gulf and southwestern part of the Indian Ocean, Fiji, Tahiti, Myanmar, Baja California, and the Gulf of Mexico. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg/120px-Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg/180px-Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg/240px-Pinctada_margaritifera_MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pinctada" title="Pinctada">Pinctada</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:Archaeodontosaurus" title="User:Archaeodontosaurus">Didier Descouens</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A <a href="/wiki/Black-lip_oyster" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-lip oyster">black-lip oyster</a> (<i>Pinctada margaritifera</i>) specimen. This species of clam in the genus <i><b><a href="/wiki/Pinctada" title="Pinctada">Pinctada</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Marine_(ocean)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (ocean)">marine</a> <a href="/wiki/Bivalve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bivalve">bivalve</a> <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">mollusc</a> that is harvested for its pearls in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and southwestern part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paddyfield_pipit_(Anthus_rufulus_rufulus).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19 Paddyfield pipit Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp The paddyfield pipit (Anthus rufulus) is a passerine bird in the family Motacillidae, comprising pipits, longclaws and wagtails. About 15 cm (6 in) in length and native to southern Asia, its plumage in both sexes is greyish-brown above and paler yellowish-brown below, with dark streaking on the breast. A bird of open country, pasture and cultivated fields, it sometimes makes short flights, but mostly runs on the ground, foraging for insects and other small invertebrates. The paddyfield pipit builds its cup-shaped nest in a concealed location on the ground, and may have two or more broods in a year. This A. r. rufulus individual was photographed in Kanha Tiger Reserve, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 19 Paddyfield pipit Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp The paddyfield pipit (Anthus rufulus) is a passerine bird in the family Motacillidae, comprising pipits, longclaws and wagtails. About 15 cm (6 in) in length and native to southern Asia, its plumage in both sexes is greyish-brown above and paler yellowish-brown below, with dark streaking on the breast. A bird of open country, pasture and cultivated fields, it sometimes makes short flights, but mostly runs on the ground, foraging for insects and other small invertebrates. The paddyfield pipit builds its cup-shaped nest in a concealed location on the ground, and may have two or more broods in a year. This A. r. rufulus individual was photographed in Kanha Tiger Reserve, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Paddyfield_pipit_%28Anthus_rufulus_rufulus%29.jpg/120px-Paddyfield_pipit_%28Anthus_rufulus_rufulus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Paddyfield_pipit_%28Anthus_rufulus_rufulus%29.jpg/180px-Paddyfield_pipit_%28Anthus_rufulus_rufulus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Paddyfield_pipit_%28Anthus_rufulus_rufulus%29.jpg/240px-Paddyfield_pipit_%28Anthus_rufulus_rufulus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2356" data-file-height="2356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Paddyfield_pipit" title="Paddyfield pipit">Paddyfield pipit</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Charlesjsharp" title="User:Charlesjsharp">Charles J. Sharp</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Paddyfield_pipit" title="Paddyfield pipit">paddyfield pipit</a></b> (<i>Anthus rufulus</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> bird in the family <a href="/wiki/Motacillidae" title="Motacillidae">Motacillidae</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/Pipit" title="Pipit">pipits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longclaw" title="Longclaw">longclaws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wagtail" title="Wagtail">wagtails</a>. About 15 cm (6 in) in length and native to southern Asia, its plumage in both sexes is greyish-brown above and paler yellowish-brown below, with dark streaking on the breast. A bird of open country, pasture and cultivated fields, it sometimes makes short flights, but mostly runs on the ground, foraging for insects and other small invertebrates. The paddyfield pipit builds its cup-shaped nest in a concealed location on the ground, and may have two or more broods in a year. This <i>A. r. rufulus</i> individual was photographed in <a href="/wiki/Kanha_Tiger_Reserve" title="Kanha Tiger Reserve">Kanha Tiger Reserve</a>, in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20 Cymbiola nobilis Photo: H. Zell Cymbiola nobilis is a species of sea snail in the family Volutidae. Found in the Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan to Singapore, it averages 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length; females are larger than males. Because the shell is commonly collected, there has been an overharvesting of the snail, and it is now considered vulnerable. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 20 Cymbiola nobilis Photo: H. Zell Cymbiola nobilis is a species of sea snail in the family Volutidae. Found in the Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan to Singapore, it averages 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length; females are larger than males. Because the shell is commonly collected, there has been an overharvesting of the snail, and it is now considered vulnerable. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg/120px-Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg/180px-Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg/240px-Cymbiola_nobilis_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbiola_nobilis" title="Cymbiola nobilis">Cymbiola nobilis</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Llez" title="User:Llez">H. Zell</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cymbiola_nobilis" title="Cymbiola nobilis">Cymbiola nobilis</a></b></i> is a species of <a href="/wiki/Sea_snail" title="Sea snail">sea snail</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Volutidae" title="Volutidae">Volutidae</a>. Found in the Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan to Singapore, it averages 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length; females are <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">larger than males</a>. Because the shell is commonly collected, there has been an overharvesting of the snail, and it is now considered <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">vulnerable</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Animals/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_article_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Selected article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Animals&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/23px-Cscr-featured.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/35px-Cscr-featured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/46px-Cscr-featured.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"><div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>Entries here consist of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">Featured</a> articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg/290px-Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg/435px-Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg/580px-Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3444" data-file-height="2617" /></a><figcaption>Symbolic use: <i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Still Life">Still Life</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Coosemans" title="Alexander Coosemans">Alexander Coosemans</a>, c. 1660</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_animals" title="Human uses of animals">Human uses of animals</a></b> include both practical uses, such as the production of food and clothing, and symbolic uses, such as in art, literature, mythology, and religion. All of these are elements of <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, broadly understood. <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animals</a> used in these ways include <a href="/wiki/Fish_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish in culture">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustaceans_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustaceans in culture">crustaceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insects_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects in culture">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molluscs_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Molluscs in culture">molluscs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammals_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals in culture">mammals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birds_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds in culture">birds</a>. </p><p>Economically, animals provide <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, whether farmed or hunted, and until the arrival of mechanised transport, terrestrial mammals provided a large part of the power used for work and transport. Animals serve as <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">models</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biological_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological research">biological research</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Drug_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug testing">drug testing</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_animals" title="Human uses of animals">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Ward_Lyon_Jr." title="Marcus Ward Lyon Jr.">Marcus Ward Lyon Jr.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Phallological_Museum" title="Icelandic Phallological Museum">Icelandic Phallological Museum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_Manor" title="Meerkat Manor">Meerkat Manor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Love_dart" title="Love dart">Love dart</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Edward Drinker Cope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_pulling_paradigm" title="Cooperative pulling paradigm">Cooperative pulling paradigm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gigantorhynchus" title="Gigantorhynchus">Gigantorhynchus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apororhynchus" title="Apororhynchus">Apororhynchus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Fauna of Puerto Rico">Fauna of Puerto Rico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_camouflage_methods" title="List of camouflage methods">List of camouflage methods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Cott" title="Hugh B. Cott">Hugh B. Cott</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Colours_of_Animals" title="The Colours of Animals">The Colours of Animals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-illumination" title="Counter-illumination">Counter-illumination</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Coloration_in_Animals" title="Adaptive Coloration in Animals">Adaptive Coloration in Animals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Animals" title="History of Animals">History of Animals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Disruptive_eye_mask" title="Disruptive eye mask">Disruptive eye mask</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brachiopod" title="Brachiopod">Brachiopod</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_navigation" title="Animal navigation">Animal navigation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-predator_adaptation" title="Anti-predator adaptation">Anti-predator adaptation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Coloration_(book)" title="Animal Coloration (book)">Animal Coloration (book)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_ivory" title="Destruction of ivory">Destruction of ivory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dazzled_and_Deceived" title="Dazzled and Deceived">Dazzled and Deceived</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Deimatic_behaviour" title="Deimatic behaviour">Deimatic behaviour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_lemurs" title="Evolution of lemurs">Evolution of lemurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dermotherium" title="Dermotherium">Dermotherium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bharattherium" title="Bharattherium">Bharattherium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare coursing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodilia" title="Crocodilia">Crocodilia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Went_Hensley" title="George Went Hensley">George Went Hensley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosaur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics" title="Political Animals and Animal Politics">Political Animals and Animal Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair" title="Brown Dog affair">Brown Dog affair</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_slow_lorises" title="Conservation of slow lorises">Conservation of slow lorises</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Orangutan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Vue_Zoological_Gardens" title="Belle Vue Zoological Gardens">Belle Vue Zoological Gardens</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses in World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbred</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Livestock_Conservancy" title="The Livestock Conservancy">The Livestock Conservancy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore_shark_attacks_of_1916" title="Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916">Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_feather" title="Flight feather">Flight feather</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cetaceans" title="List of cetaceans">List of cetaceans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fruit_bats" title="List of fruit bats">List of fruit bats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canids" title="List of canids">List of canids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_felids" title="List of felids">List of felids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mephitids" title="List of mephitids">List of mephitids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_procyonids" title="List of procyonids">List of procyonids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mustelids" title="List of mustelids">List of mustelids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ursids" title="List of ursids">List of ursids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Florida" title="List of mammals of Florida">List of mammals of Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Korea" title="List of mammals of Korea">List of mammals of Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Mouser_to_the_Cabinet_Office" title="Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office">Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dickin_Medal" title="Dickin Medal">Dickin Medal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dogs" title="List of U.S. state dogs">List of U.S. state dogs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lemur_species" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lemur species">List of lemur species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_25_Most_Endangered_Primates" title="The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates">The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms" title="Glossary of bird terms">Glossary of bird terms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parrots" title="List of parrots">List of parrots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Egypt" title="List of birds of Egypt">List of birds of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ant_subfamilies" title="List of ant subfamilies">List of ant subfamilies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Odonata_species_of_Great_Britain" title="List of Odonata species of Great Britain">List of Odonata species of Great Britain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_melanism" title="Industrial melanism">Industrial melanism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Millipede" title="Millipede">Millipede</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Isopoda" title="Isopoda">Isopoda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Megarachne" title="Megarachne">Megarachne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Onychopterella" title="Onychopterella">Onychopterella</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dinosaur_genera" title="List of dinosaur genera">List of dinosaur genera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">List of U.S. state reptiles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Testudines_families" title="List of Testudines families">List of Testudines families</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AAnimals%2FDid_you_know&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Did_you_know_-_show_different_entries" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Did you know - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Animals&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show different entries</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><br /> </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_robin" title="European robin"><img alt="Alert robin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus_Dublin-Ireland.jpg/62px-Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus_Dublin-Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="62" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus_Dublin-Ireland.jpg/93px-Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus_Dublin-Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus_Dublin-Ireland.jpg/124px-Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus_Dublin-Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </p> </div> <ul><li>...that the <b><a href="/wiki/European_Robin" class="mw-redirect" title="European Robin">robin</a></b> (<i>pictured</i>) has an average life expectancy of about one year, but has been known to live up to twelve years?</li> <li>...that the <b><a href="/wiki/Zebra_mussel" title="Zebra mussel">Zebra mussel</a></b>, originally native to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, has spread to <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, where it is considered a <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">nuisance</a> because it can form colonies large enough to block pipelines?</li> <li>...that the <b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Giant_Petrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Giant Petrel">Southern Giant Petrel</a></b> is the leading predator to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Penguin">Emperor Penguin</a>, and may be responsible for up to 34% of chick deaths in some colonies?</li> <li>...that some goats freeze for ten seconds whenever startled due to the genetic condition known as <a href="/wiki/Myotonia_congenita" title="Myotonia congenita">myotonia congenita</a>, and have thus been dubbed "<b><a href="/wiki/Fainting_goat" title="Fainting goat">fainting goats</a></b>"?</li> <li>...that <b><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_badger" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian badger">Eurasian badgers</a></b> are believed to be partially responsible for the spread of <a href="/wiki/Bovine_tuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovine tuberculosis">bovine tuberculosis</a>?</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals/Did_you_know" title="Portal:Animals/Did you know">More did you know facts</a></small></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_pictures" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General pictures</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><small><b>The following are images from various animal-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilaterian_body_plan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1Idealised bilaterian body plan. With an elongated body and a direction of movement the animal has head and tail ends. Sense organs and mouth form the basis of the head. Opposed circular and longitudinal muscles enable peristaltic motion. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 1Idealised bilaterian body plan. With an elongated body and a direction of movement the animal has head and tail ends. Sense organs and mouth form the basis of the head. Opposed circular and longitudinal muscles enable peristaltic motion. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bilaterian_body_plan.svg/120px-Bilaterian_body_plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bilaterian_body_plan.svg/180px-Bilaterian_body_plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bilaterian_body_plan.svg/240px-Bilaterian_body_plan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>Idealised <a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">bilaterian</a> body plan. With an elongated body and a direction of movement the animal has head and tail ends. Sense organs and mouth form the <a href="/wiki/Cephalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalisation">basis of the head</a>. Opposed circular and longitudinal muscles enable <a href="/wiki/Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">peristaltic motion</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2A brilliantly-coloured oriental sweetlips fish (Plectorhinchus vittatus) waits while two boldly-patterned cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) pick parasites from its skin. The spotted tail and fin pattern of the sweetlips signals sexual maturity; the behaviour and pattern of the cleaner fish signal their availability for cleaning service, rather than as prey (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 2A brilliantly-coloured oriental sweetlips fish (Plectorhinchus vittatus) waits while two boldly-patterned cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) pick parasites from its skin. The spotted tail and fin pattern of the sweetlips signals sexual maturity; the behaviour and pattern of the cleaner fish signal their availability for cleaning service, rather than as prey (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg/120px-Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg/180px-Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg/240px-Orientalischer_S%C3%BC%C3%9Flippfisch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>A brilliantly-coloured <a href="/wiki/Oriental_sweetlips" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental sweetlips">oriental sweetlips</a> fish (<i>Plectorhinchus vittatus</i>) waits while two boldly-patterned <a href="/wiki/Cleaner_fish" title="Cleaner fish">cleaner wrasse</a> (<i>Labroides dimidiatus</i>) pick parasites from its skin. The spotted tail and fin pattern of the sweetlips signals sexual maturity; the behaviour and pattern of the <a href="/wiki/Cleaner_fish" title="Cleaner fish">cleaner fish</a> signal their availability for <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_symbiosis" title="Cleaning symbiosis">cleaning service</a>, rather than as prey (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Artistic vision: Still Life with Lobster and Oysters by Alexander Coosemans, c. 1660 (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 3Artistic vision: Still Life with Lobster and Oysters by Alexander Coosemans, c. 1660 (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg/120px-Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg/180px-Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg/240px-Alexander_Coosemans_-_Still_Life_with_Lobster_and_Oysters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3444" data-file-height="2617" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>Artistic vision: <i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Still Life">Still Life</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Coosemans" title="Alexander Coosemans">Alexander Coosemans</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1660</span> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4The black and yellow warning colours of the cinnabar moth caterpillar, Tyria jacobaeae, are avoided by some birds. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 4The black and yellow warning colours of the cinnabar moth caterpillar, Tyria jacobaeae, are avoided by some birds. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg/120px-Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg/180px-Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg/240px-Tyria_jacobaeae_caterpillar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>The black and yellow warning colours of the cinnabar moth caterpillar, <i><a href="/wiki/Tyria_jacobaeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyria jacobaeae">Tyria jacobaeae</a></i>, are avoided by some birds. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5A clade representation of seven dog breeds in relation to wolves. (from Zoology)"><img alt="Image 5A clade representation of seven dog breeds in relation to wolves. (from Zoology)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png/120px-Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png/180px-Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png/240px-Phylogenetic_tree_of_dogs.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>A clade representation of seven dog breeds in relation to wolves. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Conrad Gessner (1516–1565). His Historiae animalium is considered the beginning of modern zoology. (from Zoology)"><img alt="Image 6Conrad Gessner (1516–1565). His Historiae animalium is considered the beginning of modern zoology. (from Zoology)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg/112px-Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg/168px-Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg/225px-Gessner_Conrad_1516-1565.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gessner" title="Conrad Gessner">Conrad Gessner</a> (1516–1565). His <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historia_animalium_(Gessner_book)" title="Historia animalium (Gessner book)">Historiae animalium</a></i></span> is considered the beginning of modern zoology. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Fish and frog melanophores are cells that can change colour by dispersing or aggregating pigment-containing bodies. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 7Fish and frog melanophores are cells that can change colour by dispersing or aggregating pigment-containing bodies. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg/120px-Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg/180px-Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg/240px-Melanophores_with_dispersed_or_aggregated_melanosomes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Fish and frog melanophores are cells that can change colour by dispersing or aggregating pigment-containing bodies. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Cleaner wrasse signals its cleaning services to a big eye squirrelfish (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 8Cleaner wrasse signals its cleaning services to a big eye squirrelfish (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg/120px-Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg/180px-Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg/240px-Cleaner_station_komodo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Cleaner <a href="/wiki/Wrasse" title="Wrasse">wrasse</a> signals its <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_symbiosis" title="Cleaning symbiosis">cleaning services</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Priacanthidae" title="Priacanthidae">big eye squirrelfish</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9In Roseate Spoonbills 1905–1909, Abbott Handerson Thayer tried to show that even the bright pink of these conspicuous birds had a cryptic function. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 9In Roseate Spoonbills 1905–1909, Abbott Handerson Thayer tried to show that even the bright pink of these conspicuous birds had a cryptic function. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg/120px-Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg/180px-Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg/240px-Roseate_Spoonbills_1905-1909_Abbott_H_Thayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>In <i>Roseate Spoonbills</i> 1905–1909, <a href="/wiki/Abbott_Handerson_Thayer" title="Abbott Handerson Thayer">Abbott Handerson Thayer</a> tried to show that even the bright pink of these conspicuous birds had a <a href="/wiki/Crypsis" title="Crypsis">cryptic</a> function. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10A praying mantis in deimatic or threat pose displays conspicuous patches of colour to startle potential predators. This is not warning coloration as the insect is palatable. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 10A praying mantis in deimatic or threat pose displays conspicuous patches of colour to startle potential predators. This is not warning coloration as the insect is palatable. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG/120px-Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG/180px-Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG/240px-Gottesanbeterin_Abwehr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="1380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Praying_mantis" class="mw-redirect" title="Praying mantis">praying mantis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Deimatic_behaviour" title="Deimatic behaviour">deimatic</a> or threat pose displays conspicuous patches of colour to startle potential predators. This is not warning coloration as the insect is palatable. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11A flower mantis, Hymenopus coronatus, uses special Aggressive mimicry. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 11A flower mantis, Hymenopus coronatus, uses special Aggressive mimicry. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png/120px-Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png/180px-Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png/240px-Insect_camouflage_PP08338.png 2x" data-file-width="3474" data-file-height="2314" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>A flower mantis, <i><a href="/wiki/Hymenopus_coronatus" title="Hymenopus coronatus">Hymenopus coronatus</a></i>, uses special <a href="/wiki/Aggressive_mimicry" title="Aggressive mimicry">Aggressive mimicry</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Non-bilaterians include sponges (centre) and corals (background). (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 12Non-bilaterians include sponges (centre) and corals (background). (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/82px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/124px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/165px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>Non-bilaterians include sponges (centre) and corals (background). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micrurus_tener.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13A venomous coral snake uses bright colours to warn off potential predators. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 13A venomous coral snake uses bright colours to warn off potential predators. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Micrurus_tener.jpg/120px-Micrurus_tener.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Micrurus_tener.jpg/180px-Micrurus_tener.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Micrurus_tener.jpg/240px-Micrurus_tener.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">venomous</a> <a href="/wiki/Coral_snake" title="Coral snake">coral snake</a> uses bright colours to warn off potential predators. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fdl17-9-grey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Myxozoans such as Myxobolus cerebralis are single-celled parasites, never more than 20 μm across. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 14Myxozoans such as Myxobolus cerebralis are single-celled parasites, never more than 20 μm across. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fdl17-9-grey.jpg/111px-Fdl17-9-grey.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fdl17-9-grey.jpg/167px-Fdl17-9-grey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fdl17-9-grey.jpg/223px-Fdl17-9-grey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="339" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><a href="/wiki/Myxozoa" title="Myxozoa">Myxozoans</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Myxobolus_cerebralis" title="Myxobolus cerebralis">Myxobolus cerebralis</a></i> are single-celled parasites, never more than 20 <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">μm</a> across. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Sides of beef in a slaughterhouse (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 15Sides of beef in a slaughterhouse (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG/90px-Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG/135px-Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG/180px-Carni_bovine_macellate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Sides of <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">slaughterhouse</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Animal anatomical engraving from Handbuch der Anatomie der Tiere für Künstler. (from Zoology)"><img alt="Image 16Animal anatomical engraving from Handbuch der Anatomie der Tiere für Künstler. (from Zoology)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg/99px-Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg/149px-Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg/198px-Dog_anatomy_anterior_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Animal anatomical engraving from <i>Handbuch der Anatomie der Tiere für Künstler</i>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protovsdeuterostomes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17The bilaterian gut develops in two ways. In many protostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth, while in deuterostomes it becomes the anus. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 17The bilaterian gut develops in two ways. In many protostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth, while in deuterostomes it becomes the anus. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg/120px-Protovsdeuterostomes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg/180px-Protovsdeuterostomes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg/240px-Protovsdeuterostomes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>The bilaterian gut develops in two ways. In many <a href="/wiki/Protostome" title="Protostome">protostomes</a>, the blastopore develops into the mouth, while in <a href="/wiki/Deuterostome" title="Deuterostome">deuterostomes</a> it becomes the anus. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18A Euplokamis comb jelly is bioluminescent. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 18A Euplokamis comb jelly is bioluminescent. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg/120px-Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg/180px-Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg/240px-Bioluminescence_emitted_by_comb_jelly_of_genus_Euplokamis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="291" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>A <i>Euplokamis</i> <a href="/wiki/Comb_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Comb jelly">comb jelly</a> is <a href="/wiki/Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">bioluminescent</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19Hydrothermal vent mussels and shrimps (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 19Hydrothermal vent mussels and shrimps (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/120px-Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/180px-Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/240px-Expl0072_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span><a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">Hydrothermal vent</a> mussels and shrimps (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Spiral cleavage in a sea snail embryo (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 20Spiral cleavage in a sea snail embryo (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png/120px-Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png/180px-Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png/240px-Spiral_cleavage_in_Trochus.png 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><a href="/wiki/Spiral_cleavage" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral cleavage">Spiral cleavage</a> in a sea snail embryo (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Kelp gull chicks peck at red spot on mother's beak to stimulate the regurgitating reflex. (from Zoology)"><img alt="Image 21Kelp gull chicks peck at red spot on mother's beak to stimulate the regurgitating reflex. (from Zoology)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg/120px-Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg/180px-Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg/240px-Larus_Dominicanus_with_young.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span><a href="/wiki/Kelp_gull" title="Kelp gull">Kelp gull</a> chicks peck at red spot on mother's beak to stimulate the regurgitating reflex. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blastulation.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Animals are unique in having the ball of cells of the early embryo (1) develop into a hollow ball or blastula (2). (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 22Animals are unique in having the ball of cells of the early embryo (1) develop into a hollow ball or blastula (2). (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/120px-Blastulation.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/180px-Blastulation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/240px-Blastulation.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Animals are unique in having the ball of cells of the early <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> (1) develop into a hollow ball or <a href="/wiki/Blastula" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastula">blastula</a> (2). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Bright coloration of orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes signals its bitter taste to predators (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 23Bright coloration of orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes signals its bitter taste to predators (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/82px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/124px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/165px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>Bright coloration of orange elephant ear sponge, <i><a href="/wiki/Agelas_clathrodes" title="Agelas clathrodes">Agelas clathrodes</a></i> signals its bitter taste to predators (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fauna.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Simplified schematic of an island's fauna – all its animal species, highlighted in boxes (from Fauna)"><img alt="Image 24Simplified schematic of an island's fauna – all its animal species, highlighted in boxes (from Fauna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fauna.png/120px-Fauna.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fauna.png/180px-Fauna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fauna.png/240px-Fauna.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Simplified schematic of an island's fauna – all its animal species, highlighted in boxes (from <b><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">Fauna</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anax_Imperator_2(loz).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Ecdysis: a dragonfly has emerged from its dry exuviae and is expanding its wings. Like other arthropods, its body is divided into segments. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 25Ecdysis: a dragonfly has emerged from its dry exuviae and is expanding its wings. Like other arthropods, its body is divided into segments. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anax_Imperator_2%28loz%29.JPG/80px-Anax_Imperator_2%28loz%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anax_Imperator_2%28loz%29.JPG/120px-Anax_Imperator_2%28loz%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anax_Imperator_2%28loz%29.JPG/160px-Anax_Imperator_2%28loz%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2502" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span><a href="/wiki/Ecdysis" title="Ecdysis">Ecdysis</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Dragonfly" title="Dragonfly">dragonfly</a> has emerged from its dry <a href="/wiki/Exuviae" title="Exuviae">exuviae</a> and is expanding its wings. Like other <a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">arthropods</a>, its body is <a href="/wiki/Segmentation_(biology)" title="Segmentation (biology)">divided into segments</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebbuz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26A gun dog retrieving a duck during a hunt (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 26A gun dog retrieving a duck during a hunt (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hebbuz.JPG/120px-Hebbuz.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hebbuz.JPG/180px-Hebbuz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hebbuz.JPG/240px-Hebbuz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">gun dog</a> retrieving a duck during a hunt (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27The brilliant iridescent colours of the peacock's tail feathers are created by Structural coloration. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 27The brilliant iridescent colours of the peacock's tail feathers are created by Structural coloration. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg/120px-Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg/180px-Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg/240px-Peacock_feathers_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>The brilliant iridescent colours of the peacock's tail feathers are created by <a href="/wiki/Structural_coloration" title="Structural coloration">Structural coloration</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micrographia_title_page.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28Robert Hooke's Micrographia (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 28Robert Hooke's Micrographia (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Micrographia_title_page.gif/76px-Micrographia_title_page.gif" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Micrographia_title_page.gif/114px-Micrographia_title_page.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Micrographia_title_page.gif/152px-Micrographia_title_page.gif 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1737" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a>'s <i>Micrographia</i> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29The microscopic cave snail Zospeum tholussum, found at depths of 743 to 1,392 m (2,438 to 4,567 ft) in the Lukina Jama–Trojama cave system of Croatia, is completely blind with a translucent shell (from Fauna)"><img alt="Image 29The microscopic cave snail Zospeum tholussum, found at depths of 743 to 1,392 m (2,438 to 4,567 ft) in the Lukina Jama–Trojama cave system of Croatia, is completely blind with a translucent shell (from Fauna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg/120px-A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg/180px-A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg/240px-A_live_individual_of_Zospeum_tholussum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>The microscopic cave snail <i><a href="/wiki/Zospeum_tholussum" title="Zospeum tholussum">Zospeum tholussum</a></i>, found at depths of 743 to 1,392 m (2,438 to 4,567 ft) in the <a href="/wiki/Lukina_jama" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukina jama">Lukina Jama–Trojama</a> cave system of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, is completely blind with a translucent shell (from <b><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">Fauna</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30The olm's blood makes it appear pink. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 30The olm's blood makes it appear pink. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg/120px-Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg/180px-Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg/240px-Proteus_anguinus_Postojnska_Jama_Slovenija.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Olm" title="Olm">olm</a>'s blood makes it appear pink. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zfishchroma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31Side of zebrafish shows how chromatophores (dark spots) respond to 24 hours in dark (above) or light (below). (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 31Side of zebrafish shows how chromatophores (dark spots) respond to 24 hours in dark (above) or light (below). (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Zfishchroma.jpg/73px-Zfishchroma.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Zfishchroma.jpg/110px-Zfishchroma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Zfishchroma.jpg/147px-Zfishchroma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>Side of <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a> shows how <a href="/wiki/Chromatophores" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatophores">chromatophores</a> (dark spots) respond to 24 hours in dark (above) or light (below). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chromatophores.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Squid chromatophores appear as black, brown, reddish and pink areas in this micrograph. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 32Squid chromatophores appear as black, brown, reddish and pink areas in this micrograph. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chromatophores.jpg/120px-Chromatophores.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chromatophores.jpg/180px-Chromatophores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chromatophores.jpg/240px-Chromatophores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a> chromatophores appear as black, brown, reddish and pink areas in this micrograph. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_(1735).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33Linnaeus's table of the animal kingdom from the first edition of Systema Naturae (1735) (from Zoology)"><img alt="Image 33Linnaeus's table of the animal kingdom from the first edition of Systema Naturae (1735) (from Zoology)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_%281735%29.png/120px-Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_%281735%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_%281735%29.png/180px-Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_%281735%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_%281735%29.png/240px-Linnaeus_-_Regnum_Animale_%281735%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="1481" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>Linnaeus's table of the animal kingdom from the first edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i> (1735) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australisk_fauna,_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34Papuan, Australian and New Zealand fauna. This image was likely first published in the first edition (1876–1899) of the Nordisk familjebok. (from Fauna)"><img alt="Image 34Papuan, Australian and New Zealand fauna. This image was likely first published in the first edition (1876–1899) of the Nordisk familjebok. (from Fauna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg/120px-Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg/180px-Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg/240px-Australisk_fauna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2883" data-file-height="2230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Guinea" title="Fauna of New Guinea">Papuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_fauna" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian fauna">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Zealand" title="Fauna of New Zealand">New Zealand fauna</a>. This image was likely first published in the first edition (1876–1899) of the <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i></span>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">Fauna</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultramarine_Flycatcher_(Ficedula_superciliaris)_Naggar,_Himachal_Pradesh,_2013_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35Predators, such as this ultramarine flycatcher (Ficedula superciliaris), feed on other animals. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 35Predators, such as this ultramarine flycatcher (Ficedula superciliaris), feed on other animals. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG/93px-Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG/140px-Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG/186px-Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="1781" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span><a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">Predators</a>, such as this <a href="/wiki/Ultramarine_flycatcher" title="Ultramarine flycatcher">ultramarine flycatcher</a> (<i>Ficedula superciliaris</i>), feed on other animals. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fauna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36Examples of fauna in Olleros de Tera (Spain) (from Fauna)"><img alt="Image 36Examples of fauna in Olleros de Tera (Spain) (from Fauna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Fauna.jpg/120px-Fauna.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Fauna.jpg/180px-Fauna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Fauna.jpg/240px-Fauna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="79" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span>Examples of fauna in <a href="/wiki/Olleros_de_Tera" title="Olleros de Tera">Olleros de Tera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">Fauna</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37Butterfly wing at different magnifications reveals microstructured chitin acting as diffraction grating. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 37Butterfly wing at different magnifications reveals microstructured chitin acting as diffraction grating. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg/77px-Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg/115px-Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg/153px-Butterfly_magnification_series_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span>Butterfly wing at different magnifications reveals microstructured chitin acting as diffraction grating. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck led the creation of a modern classification of invertebrates, breaking up Linnaeus's "Vermes" into 9 phyla by 1809. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 38Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck led the creation of a modern classification of invertebrates, breaking up Linnaeus's "Vermes" into 9 phyla by 1809. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg/95px-Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg/143px-Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg/190px-Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="843" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck</a> led the creation of a modern classification of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a>, breaking up Linnaeus's "Vermes" into 9 phyla by 1809. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FinnBirdMimic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39The hawk-cuckoo resembles a predatory shikra, giving the cuckoo time to lay eggs in a songbird's nest unnoticed (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 39The hawk-cuckoo resembles a predatory shikra, giving the cuckoo time to lay eggs in a songbird's nest unnoticed (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FinnBirdMimic.jpg/99px-FinnBirdMimic.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FinnBirdMimic.jpg/148px-FinnBirdMimic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FinnBirdMimic.jpg/197px-FinnBirdMimic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Hierococcyx_varius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierococcyx varius">hawk-cuckoo</a> resembles a predatory <a href="/wiki/Accipiter_badius" class="mw-redirect" title="Accipiter badius">shikra</a>, giving the cuckoo time to lay eggs in a songbird's nest unnoticed (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived; it can be up to 33.6 metres (110 ft) long. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 40The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived; it can be up to 33.6 metres (110 ft) long. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%281%29.jpg/120px-Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%281%29.jpg/180px-Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%281%29.jpg/240px-Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1950" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a> is the largest animal that has ever lived; it can be up to 33.6 metres (110 ft) long. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41A camouflaged orange oak leaf butterfly, Kallima inachus (centre) has protective resemblance. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 41A camouflaged orange oak leaf butterfly, Kallima inachus (centre) has protective resemblance. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG/120px-Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG/180px-Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG/240px-Orange_oak_leaf_bottom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="698" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span>A camouflaged orange oak leaf butterfly, <i><a href="/wiki/Kallima_inachus" title="Kallima inachus">Kallima inachus</a></i> (centre) has protective resemblance. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42The red pigment in a flamingo's plumage comes from its diet of shrimps, which get it from microscopic algae. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 42The red pigment in a flamingo's plumage comes from its diet of shrimps, which get it from microscopic algae. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg/120px-Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg/180px-Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg/240px-Flamingo_rubro-Phoenicopterus_ruber_ruber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>The red <a href="/wiki/Biological_pigment" title="Biological pigment">pigment</a> in a flamingo's plumage comes from its diet of shrimps, which get it from microscopic algae. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Siberian tiger (from Mammalogy)"><img alt="Image 43Siberian tiger (from Mammalogy)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg/120px-Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg/180px-Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg/240px-Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span><a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Mammalogy" title="Mammalogy">Mammalogy</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 44Male Goldie's bird-of-paradise displays to a female (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 44Male Goldie's bird-of-paradise displays to a female (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg/82px-Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg/124px-Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg/165px-Paradesia_decora_Keulemans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 44</span></span>Male <a href="/wiki/Goldie%27s_bird-of-paradise" title="Goldie's bird-of-paradise">Goldie's bird-of-paradise</a> displays to a female (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 45This frog changes its skin colour to control its temperature. (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 45This frog changes its skin colour to control its temperature. (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg/120px-Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg/180px-Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg/240px-Bokermannohyla_alvarengai01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 45</span></span>This frog changes its skin colour to control its temperature. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 46Warning coloration of the skunk in Edward Bagnall Poulton's The Colours of Animals, 1890 (from Animal coloration)"><img alt="Image 46Warning coloration of the skunk in Edward Bagnall Poulton's The Colours of Animals, 1890 (from Animal coloration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg/108px-Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg/162px-Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg/216px-Brazilian_Skunk_from_Edward_Bagnall_Poulton_Colours_of_Animals_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="1131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 46</span></span>Warning coloration of the <a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bagnall_Poulton" title="Edward Bagnall Poulton">Edward Bagnall Poulton</a>'s <i>The Colours of Animals</i>, 1890 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Odonata_copulation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 47Sexual reproduction is nearly universal in animals, such as these dragonflies. (from Animal)"><img alt="Image 47Sexual reproduction is nearly universal in animals, such as these dragonflies. (from Animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Odonata_copulation.jpg/120px-Odonata_copulation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Odonata_copulation.jpg/180px-Odonata_copulation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Odonata_copulation.jpg/240px-Odonata_copulation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2117" data-file-height="1359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 47</span></span><a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a> is nearly universal in animals, such as these <a href="/wiki/Dragonfly" title="Dragonfly">dragonflies</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animal</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AAnimals%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/25px-Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/38px-Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/50px-Frog_%282546%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Amphibians" title="Portal:Amphibians">Amphibians</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cercophonius_squama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cercophonius_squama.jpg/27px-Cercophonius_squama.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cercophonius_squama.jpg/41px-Cercophonius_squama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cercophonius_squama.jpg/54px-Cercophonius_squama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="1606" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arthropods" title="Portal:Arthropods">Arthropods</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/27px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/41px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/54px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/21px-Eagle_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/32px-Eagle_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/42px-Eagle_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="381" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds">Birds</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/25px-Cat03.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/38px-Cat03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/50px-Cat03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1598" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Cats</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/27px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/41px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/54px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="239" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cetaceans" title="Portal:Cetaceans">Cetaceans</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charybdis_japonica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charybdis_japonica.jpg/27px-Charybdis_japonica.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charybdis_japonica.jpg/41px-Charybdis_japonica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charybdis_japonica.jpg/54px-Charybdis_japonica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Crustaceans" title="Portal:Crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/27px-Tyrannoskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/41px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tyrannoskull.jpg/54px-Tyrannoskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4095" data-file-height="3058" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dinosaurs" title="Portal:Dinosaurs">Dinosaurs</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/27px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/41px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/54px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dogs" title="Portal:Dogs">Dogs</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/27px-Earth_Day_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/41px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/54px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ecology" title="Portal:Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/27px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/41px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/54px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="209" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fish" title="Portal:Fish">Fish</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg/27px-Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg/41px-Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg/54px-Grapevinesnail_01a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="515" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gastropods" title="Portal:Gastropods">Gastropods</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnhorse_stallion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/27px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/41px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/54px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Horses" title="Portal:Horses">Horses</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/27px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/41px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/54px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/27px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/41px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/54px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1039" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Marine_life" title="Portal:Marine life">Marine life</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lizardicon.svg/27px-Lizardicon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lizardicon.svg/41px-Lizardicon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lizardicon.svg/54px-Lizardicon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Reptiles" title="Portal:Reptiles">Reptiles</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg/27px-Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg/41px-Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Greyreefsharksmall2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="46" data-file-height="42" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sharks" title="Portal:Sharks">Sharks</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/25px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/49px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:People" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:People">People</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AAnimals%2FAnimals_topics&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Topics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_colouration" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal colouration">Animal colouration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_and_gliding_animals" title="Flying and gliding animals">Flying and gliding animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">Invertebrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroethology" title="Neuroethology">Neuroethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">Vermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">Worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <p>The following table lists estimated numbers of described extant species for the animal groups with the largest numbers of species,<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with their principal habitats (terrestrial, fresh water,<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and marine),<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and free-living or parasitic ways of life.<sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Species estimates shown here are based on numbers described scientifically; much larger estimates have been calculated based on various means of prediction, and these can vary wildly. For instance, around 25,000–27,000 species of nematodes have been described, while published estimates of the total number of nematode species include 10,000–20,000; 500,000; 10 million; and 100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Felder2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using patterns within the <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> hierarchy, the total number of animal species—including those not yet described—was calculated to be about 7.77 million in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mora2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mora2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phylum</a> </th> <th>Example </th> <th>No. of<br />Species </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_animal" title="Terrestrial animal">Land</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Marine_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine animals">Sea</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fresh_water#Aquatic_organisms" title="Fresh water">Fresh<br />water</a> </th> <th>Free-<br />living </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">Parasitic</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">Annelids</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nerr0328.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nerr0328.jpg/100px-Nerr0328.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nerr0328.jpg/150px-Nerr0328.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nerr0328.jpg/200px-Nerr0328.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">17,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes (soil)<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,750<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>400<sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">Arthropods</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="wasp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg/100px-European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg/150px-European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg/200px-European_wasp_white_bg02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1640" data-file-height="984" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">1,257,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,000,000<br />(insects)<sup id="cite_ref-Stork2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stork2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>>40,000<br />(Malac-<br />ostraca)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>94,000<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>>45,000<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro,_Mozambique_(6654415783).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro%2C_Mozambique_%286654415783%29.jpg/100px-Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro%2C_Mozambique_%286654415783%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro%2C_Mozambique_%286654415783%29.jpg/150px-Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro%2C_Mozambique_%286654415783%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro%2C_Mozambique_%286654415783%29.jpg/200px-Bryozoan_at_Ponta_do_Ouro%2C_Mozambique_%286654415783%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="761" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">6,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>60–80<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Chordates" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordates">Chordates</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithobates_pipiens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="green spotted frog facing right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lithobates_pipiens.jpg/100px-Lithobates_pipiens.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lithobates_pipiens.jpg/150px-Lithobates_pipiens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lithobates_pipiens.jpg/200px-Lithobates_pipiens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">65,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />45,000<sup id="cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><br />23,000<sup id="cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><br />13,000<sup id="cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>18,000<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />9,000<sup id="cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>40<br />(catfish)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FFS_Table_bottom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Table coral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFS_Table_bottom.jpg/100px-FFS_Table_bottom.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFS_Table_bottom.jpg/150px-FFS_Table_bottom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFS_Table_bottom.jpg/200px-FFS_Table_bottom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">16,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes (few)<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>>1,350<br />(Myxozoa)<sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Echinoderms" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinoderms">Echinoderms</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Starfish,_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Starfish%2C_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg/100px-Starfish%2C_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Starfish%2C_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg/150px-Starfish%2C_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Starfish%2C_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg/200px-Starfish%2C_Caswell_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_409413.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">7,500<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>7,500<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Molluscs" class="mw-redirect" title="Molluscs">Molluscs</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grapevinesnail_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="snail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grapevinesnail_01.jpg/100px-Grapevinesnail_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grapevinesnail_01.jpg/150px-Grapevinesnail_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grapevinesnail_01.jpg/200px-Grapevinesnail_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="604" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">85,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />107,000<sup id="cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><br />35,000<sup id="cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><br />60,000<sup id="cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5,000<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />12,000<sup id="cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>>5,600<sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nematodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematodes">Nematodes</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg/100px-CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg/150px-CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg/200px-CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="297" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">25,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes (soil)<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,000<sup id="cite_ref-Felder2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,000<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,000<sup id="cite_ref-Felder2009_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>14,000<sup id="cite_ref-Felder2009_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" class="mw-redirect" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg/100px-Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg/150px-Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg/200px-Pseudoceros_dimidiatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="736" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">29,500<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,300<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p>3,000–6,500<sup id="cite_ref-Pandian_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandian-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td>>40,000<sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p>4,000–25,000<sup id="cite_ref-Pandian_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandian-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rotifer" title="Rotifer">Rotifers</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg/100px-20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg/150px-20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg/200px-20090730_020239_Rotifer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">2,000<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>>400<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,000<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sponges" class="mw-redirect" title="Sponges">Sponges</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg/100px-A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg/150px-A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg/200px-A_colourful_Sponge_on_the_Fathom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="831" /></a></span> </td> <td align="right">10,800<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>200-300<sup id="cite_ref-Balian2008_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Total number of <i>described</i> extant species as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animals&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>: 1,525,728<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AAnimals&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Categories" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Categories</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid 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.div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Animals" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Animals" title="Category:Animals">Animals</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a 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href="/wiki/Category:Animal_nutrition" title="Category:Animal nutrition">Animal nutrition</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="ParaHoxozoa" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:ParaHoxozoa" title="Category:ParaHoxozoa">ParaHoxozoa</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Parazoa" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Parazoa" title="Category:Parazoa">Parazoa</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Animal_physiology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_physiology" title="Category:Animal physiology">Animal physiology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Reptiles" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Reptiles" title="Category:Reptiles">Reptiles</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Robotic_animals" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Robotic_animals" title="Category:Robotic animals">Robotic animals</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Set_index_articles_on_animals" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Set_index_articles_on_animals" title="Category:Set index articles on animals">Set index articles on animals</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Animal_sexuality" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_sexuality" title="Category:Animal sexuality">Animal sexuality</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Sponges" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sponges" title="Category:Sponges">Sponges</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Animal_taxa" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_taxa" title="Category:Animal taxa">Animal taxa</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Vendobionta" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Vendobionta" title="Category:Vendobionta">Vendobionta</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Visual_arts_by_animals" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Visual_arts_by_animals" title="Category:Visual arts by animals">Visual arts by animals</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Wildlife" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wildlife" title="Category:Wildlife">Wildlife</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Animal_redirects" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_redirects" title="Category:Animal redirects">Animal redirects</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Images_of_animals" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_animals" title="Category:Images of animals">Images of animals</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Animal_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_stubs" title="Category:Animal stubs">Animal stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AAnimals%2FWikiProjects&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WikiProject_family_tree">WikiProject family tree</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_people_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProjects"><img alt="WikiProjects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/55px-Group_people_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/83px-Group_people_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/110px-Group_people_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>WikiProjects</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Science">WikiProject Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biology">WikiProject Biology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Tree_of_Life" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life">WikiProject Tree of Life</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals">WikiProject Animals</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:#fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">More projects</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li>(By taxa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arthropods" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arthropods">WikiProject Arthropods</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Insects" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Insects">WikiProject Insects</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Insects/ant_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Insects/ant task force">Ant task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Beetles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Beetles">WikiProject Beetles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lepidoptera" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lepidoptera">WikiProject Lepidoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phasmatodea" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phasmatodea">WikiProject Phasmatodea</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spiders" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spiders">WikiProject Spiders</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Molluscs:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bivalves" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bivalves">WikiProject Bivalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cephalopods" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cephalopods">WikiProject Cephalopods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gastropods" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gastropods">WikiProject Gastropods</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Vertebrates:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Amphibians_and_Reptiles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles">WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dinosaurs" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Dinosaurs">WikiProject Dinosaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Turtles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Turtles">WikiProject Turtles</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds">WikiProject Birds</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds/Domestic_pigeon_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds/Domestic pigeon task force">Domestic pigeon task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Poultry" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Poultry">WikiProject Poultry</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fishes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fishes">WikiProject Fishes</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Aquarium_Fishes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Aquarium Fishes">WikiProject Aquarium Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sharks" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sharks">WikiProject Sharks</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mammals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mammals">WikiProject Mammals</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cats" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cats">WikiProject Cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cetaceans" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cetaceans">WikiProject Cetaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dogs" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Dogs">WikiProject Dogs</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dog_breeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Dog breeds">Dog breeds task force</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Equine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Equine">WikiProject Equine</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Equine/Horse_breeds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Equine/Horse breeds">Horse breeds task force</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Primates" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Primates">WikiProject Primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Rodents" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Rodents">WikiProject Rodents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mammals/Bats_Task_Force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mammals/Bats Task Force">WikiProject Bats</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><dl><dd>(Other)</dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animal_anatomy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal anatomy">WikiProject Animal anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animal_rights" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal rights">WikiProject Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cryptozoology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cryptozoology">WikiProject Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Neuroscience" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Neuroscience">WikiProject Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Organismal_Biomechanics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Organismal Biomechanics">WikiProject Organismal Biomechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Zoo" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Zoo">WikiProject Zoo</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AAnimals%2FThings_you_can_do&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="width:99%; margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clipboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/48px-Clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/72px-Clipboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/96px-Clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span><br /> </p> <div style="width:25px;height:0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position:relative;left:-15px;margin-right:-10px;z-index:15">Here are some <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animals/Task_list" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals/Task list">Open Tasks</a></b></i> :<ul style="font-size:85%;padding:.3em 0 .3em 25px;margin:0"> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_copy_edit" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing copy edit">Copyedit</a>:</b> </li> <li> <b>Merge:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/ARKive" title="Wikipedia:GLAM/ARKive">GLAM/ARKive donated texts</a> into articles about endangered species. </li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_improving_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to improving articles">Improve</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Photoperiodism" title="Photoperiodism">Photoperiodism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tool_use_by_non-human_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Tool use by non-human animals">Tool use by non-human animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">Omnivore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_suicide" title="Animal suicide">Animal suicide</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sphaerium_beckmani" title="Sphaerium beckmani">Sphaerium beckmani</a></i> (a species in family <a href="/wiki/Sphaeriidae" title="Sphaeriidae">Sphaeriidae</a>), </li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animals/Article_requests" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals/Article requests">Requests</a>:</b> <ul> <li><b>Mammals:</b> </li><li><b>Invertebrates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Campocraspedon" title="Campocraspedon">Campocraspedon</a> </li><li><b>Fishes:</b> <a href="/wiki/Zaniolepis_frenata" title="Zaniolepis frenata">Zaniolepis frenata</a> </li></ul> </li> <li><b>Merge:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/ARKive" title="Wikipedia:GLAM/ARKive">GLAM/ARKive donated texts</a> into articles about endangered species.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animals/Expansion_requests" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals/Expansion requests">Expand</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Junqueira_cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Junqueira cow">Junqueira cow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atka_mackerel" title="Atka mackerel">Atka mackerel</a> </li> <li><b>Nominate and vote:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Science_collaboration_of_the_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Science collaboration of the Month">Science collaboration of the month</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_Improvement_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Article Improvement Drive">Article Improvement Drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animals/Collaboration" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals/Collaboration">WikiProject Animals Collaboration</a> </li> </ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Animals" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Animals">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Animals">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Animals">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Animals">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Animals">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Animals">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Animals">Wikispecies</a></span><br />Directory of species</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Animals">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Animals" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Animals">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#efefff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="References" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">References</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000388;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The application of <a href="/wiki/DNA_barcoding" title="DNA barcoding">DNA barcoding</a> to taxonomy further complicates this; a 2016 barcoding analysis estimated a total count of nearly 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insect</a> species for <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> alone, and extrapolated that the global insect fauna must be in excess of 10 million species, of which nearly 2 million are in a single fly family known as gall midges (<a href="/wiki/Cecidomyiidae" title="Cecidomyiidae">Cecidomyiidae</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not including <a href="/wiki/Parasitoid" title="Parasitoid">parasitoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zhang2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhang2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (2013-08-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.3703.1.3/4273">"Animal biodiversity: An update of classification and diversity in 2013. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)"</a>. <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>3703</b> (1): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3703.1.3">10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424154926/https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.3703.1.3/4273">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Animal+biodiversity%3A+An+update+of+classification+and+diversity+in+2013.+In%3A+Zhang%2C+Z.-Q.+%28Ed.%29+Animal+Biodiversity%3A+An+Outline+of+Higher-level+Classification+and+Survey+of+Taxonomic+Richness+%28Addenda+2013%29&rft.volume=3703&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3703.1.3&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zhi-Qiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiotaxa.org%2FZootaxa%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2Fzootaxa.3703.1.3%2F4273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balian2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalianLévêqueSegersMartens2008" class="citation book cs1">Balian, E. V.; Lévêque, C.; Segers, H.; Martens, K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw4H6DBHnAgC&pg=PA628"><i>Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment</i></a>. Springer. p. 628. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8259-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8259-7"><bdi>978-1-4020-8259-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freshwater+Animal+Diversity+Assessment&rft.pages=628&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8259-7&rft.aulast=Balian&rft.aufirst=E.+V.&rft.au=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque%2C+C.&rft.au=Segers%2C+H.&rft.au=Martens%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDw4H6DBHnAgC%26pg%3DPA628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogenboom2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogenboom" class="citation web cs1">Hogenboom, Melissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150325-all-animal-life-in-35-photos">"There are only 35 kinds of animal and most are really weird"</a>. BBC Earth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810141811/http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150325-all-animal-life-in-35-photos">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=There+are+only+35+kinds+of+animal+and+most+are+really+weird&rft.pub=BBC+Earth&rft.aulast=Hogenboom&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20150325-all-animal-life-in-35-photos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poulin2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulin2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Poulin_(zoologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Poulin (zoologist)">Poulin, Robert</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionaryecol0000poul/page/6"><i>Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionaryecol0000poul/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12085-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12085-0"><bdi>978-0-691-12085-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Ecology+of+Parasites&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12085-0&rft.aulast=Poulin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionaryecol0000poul%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Felder2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelderCamp2009" class="citation book cs1">Felder, Darryl L.; Camp, David K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CphA8hiwaFIC&pg=RA1-PA1111"><i>Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity</i></a>. Texas A&M University Press. p. 1111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-269-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-269-5"><bdi>978-1-60344-269-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+of+Mexico+Origin%2C+Waters%2C+and+Biota%3A+Biodiversity&rft.pages=1111&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60344-269-5&rft.aulast=Felder&rft.aufirst=Darryl+L.&rft.au=Camp%2C+David+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCphA8hiwaFIC%26pg%3DRA1-PA1111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110823180459.htm">"How many species on Earth? About 8.7 million, new estimate says"</a>. 24 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701164954/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110823180459.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+many+species+on+Earth%3F+About+8.7+million%2C+new+estimate+says&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2011%2F08%2F110823180459.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mora2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mora2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoraTittensorAdlSimpson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Mora, Camilo; Tittensor, Derek P.; Adl, Sina; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Worm, Boris (2011-08-23). Mace, Georgina M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160336">"How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i>. <b>9</b> (8): e1001127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001127">10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160336">3160336</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21886479">21886479</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=How+Many+Species+Are+There+on+Earth+and+in+the+Ocean%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e1001127&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3160336%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21886479&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001127&rft.aulast=Mora&rft.aufirst=Camilo&rft.au=Tittensor%2C+Derek+P.&rft.au=Adl%2C+Sina&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Alastair+G.B.&rft.au=Worm%2C+Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3160336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebertRatnasinghamZakharovTelfer2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hebert, Paul D.N.; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan; Zakharov, Evgeny V.; Telfer, Angela C.; Levesque-Beaudin, Valerie; Milton, Megan A.; Pedersen, Stephanie; Jannetta, Paul; deWaard, Jeremy R. (1 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4971185">"Counting animal species with DNA barcodes: Canadian insects"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>371</b> (1702): 20150333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0333">10.1098/rstb.2015.0333</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4971185">4971185</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27481785">27481785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Counting+animal+species+with+DNA+barcodes%3A+Canadian+insects&rft.volume=371&rft.issue=1702&rft.pages=20150333&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4971185%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27481785&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0333&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.N.&rft.au=Ratnasingham%2C+Sujeevan&rft.au=Zakharov%2C+Evgeny+V.&rft.au=Telfer%2C+Angela+C.&rft.au=Levesque-Beaudin%2C+Valerie&rft.au=Milton%2C+Megan+A.&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+Stephanie&rft.au=Jannetta%2C+Paul&rft.au=deWaard%2C+Jeremy+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4971185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stork2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stork2018_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStork2018" class="citation journal cs1">Stork, Nigel E. (January 2018). "How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?". <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i>. <b>63</b> (1): 31–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-ento-020117-043348">10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28938083">28938083</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23755007">23755007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=How+Many+Species+of+Insects+and+Other+Terrestrial+Arthropods+Are+There+on+Earth%3F&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-45&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23755007%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28938083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-ento-020117-043348&rft.aulast=Stork&rft.aufirst=Nigel+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span> Stork notes that 1m insects have been named, making much larger predicted estimates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoore2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Poore, Hugh F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ww6RzBz42-4C&pg=PA1">"Introduction"</a>. <i>Crustacea: Malacostraca</i>. Zoological catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.2A. <a href="/wiki/CSIRO_Publishing" title="CSIRO Publishing">CSIRO Publishing</a>. pp. 1–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-06901-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-643-06901-5"><bdi>978-0-643-06901-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Crustacea%3A+Malacostraca&rft.series=Zoological+catalogue+of+Australia&rft.pages=1-7&rft.pub=CSIRO+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-643-06901-5&rft.aulast=Poore&rft.aufirst=Hugh+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dww6RzBz42-4C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReaka-KudlaWilsonWilson1996" class="citation book cs1">Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie L.; Wilson, Don E.; <a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">Wilson, Edward O.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-X5OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA90"><i>Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources</i></a>. Joseph Henry Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-52075-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-52075-1"><bdi>978-0-309-52075-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biodiversity+II%3A+Understanding+and+Protecting+Our+Biological+Resources&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Joseph+Henry+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-309-52075-1&rft.aulast=Reaka-Kudla&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+L.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Don+E.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Edward+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-X5OAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurtonBurton2017" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Derek; Burton, Margaret (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U0o4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA281"><i>Essential Fish Biology: Diversity, Structure and Function</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 281–282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-878555-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-878555-2"><bdi>978-0-19-878555-2</bdi></a>. <q><a href="/wiki/Trichomycteridae" title="Trichomycteridae">Trichomycteridae</a> ... includes obligate parasitic fish. Thus 17 genera from 2 subfamilies, <a href="/wiki/Vandelliinae" title="Vandelliinae">Vandelliinae</a>; 4 genera, 9spp. and <a href="/wiki/Stegophilinae" title="Stegophilinae">Stegophilinae</a>; 13 genera, 31 spp. are parasites on gills (Vandelliinae) or skin (stegophilines) of fish.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Fish+Biology%3A+Diversity%2C+Structure+and+Function&rft.pages=281-282&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-878555-2&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Burton%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU0o4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicol1969-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1969" class="citation journal cs1">Nicol, David (June 1969). "The Number of Living Species of Molluscs". <i>Systematic Zoology</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 251–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2412618">10.2307/2412618</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2412618">2412618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Zoology&rft.atitle=The+Number+of+Living+Species+of+Molluscs&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=251-254&rft.date=1969-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2412618&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2412618%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSluys1999" class="citation journal cs1">Sluys, R. (1999). "Global diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola): a new indicator-taxon in biodiversity and conservation studies". <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i>. <b>8</b> (12): 1663–1681. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1008994925673">10.1023/A:1008994925673</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38784755">38784755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=Global+diversity+of+land+planarians+%28Platyhelminthes%2C+Tricladida%2C+Terricola%29%3A+a+new+indicator-taxon+in+biodiversity+and+conservation+studies&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1663-1681&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1008994925673&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38784755%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sluys&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandian-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pandian_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pandian_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandian2020" class="citation book cs1">Pandian, T. J. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l6rMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14"><i>Reproduction and Development in Platyhelminthes</i></a>. CRC Press. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000054903" title="Special:BookSources/9781000054903"><bdi>9781000054903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reproduction+and+Development+in+Platyhelminthes&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781000054903&rft.aulast=Pandian&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl6rMDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontaneto" class="citation web cs1">Fontaneto, Diego. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukmarinesac.org.uk/PDF/rotifers.pdf">"Marine Rotifers | An Unexplored World of Richness"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03765-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03765-6"><bdi>978-1-107-03765-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212135502/https://books.google.com/books?id=o2t2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parasite+Diversity+and+Diversification&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03765-6&rft.aulast=Morand&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft.au=Krasnov%2C+Boris+R.&rft.au=Littlewood%2C+D.+Timothy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do2t2BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortal%3AAnimals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 1em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, 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/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" 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