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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Roma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pecunia_chartacea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pecunia_chartacea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pecunia chartacea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pecunia_chartacea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pecunia_fiduciaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pecunia_fiduciaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pecunia fiduciaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pecunia_fiduciaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monetae_hodiernae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetae_hodiernae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Monetae hodiernae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetae_hodiernae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moneta (pecunia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldeenheid" title="Geldeenheid – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geldeenheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4hrung" title="Währung – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Währung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisa" title="Divisa – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Divisa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9" title="عملة – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%99%DC%98%DC%99%DC%90" title="ܙܘܙܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܙܘܙܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="صولدي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صولدي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87" title="عمله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عمله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5)" title="প্ৰচলিত মুদ্ৰা (চলাৰ্থ) – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰচলিত মুদ্ৰা (চলাৰ্থ)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मुद्रा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valyuta" title="Valyuta – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valyuta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پول بیریمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پول بیریمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearung" title="Wearung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wearung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiota" title="Valiota – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Valiota" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валута – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валута" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="करेंसी – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="करेंसी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মুদ্রা – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুদ্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneiz" title="Moneiz – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moneiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_epeng" title="Mata epeng – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mata epeng" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moneda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88" title="دراو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دراو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_birlemi" title="Para birlemi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Para birlemi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bna" title="Měna – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Měna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Платьно срѣдьство – Slavonica antiqua" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Платьно срѣдьство" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slavonica antiqua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_cyfred" title="Arian cyfred – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arian cyfred" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4hrung" title="Währung – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Währung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doviz" title="Doviz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Doviz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Νομισματική μονάδα – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νομισματική μονάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" title="Currency – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Currency" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuto" title="Valuto – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valuto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_(divisa)" title="Moneda (divisa) – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moneda (divisa)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuuta" title="Valuuta – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valuuta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibisa" title="Dibisa – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dibisa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monea" title="Monea – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Monea" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="پول رایج – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پول رایج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuutta" title="Valuutta – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valuutta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjaldoyra" title="Gjaldoyra – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gjaldoyra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devise_(monnaie)" title="Devise (monnaie) – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Devise (monnaie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntienheid" title="Muntienheid – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Muntienheid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgeadra" title="Airgeadra – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Airgeadra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruith-airgid" title="Ruith-airgid – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruith-airgid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeda" title="Moeda – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Moeda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argid_cadjin" title="Argid cadjin – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Argid cadjin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A3_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95-%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הכסף בראייה מקרו-כלכלית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכסף בראייה מקרו-כלכלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80)" title="मुद्रा (करंसी) – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुद्रा (करंसी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mudra" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Արժույթ – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արժույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mata uang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarta_(sapasap_a_pangawatan)" title="Kuarta (sapasap a pangawatan) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kuarta (sapasap a pangawatan)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjaldmi%C3%B0ill" title="Gjaldmiðill – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gjaldmiðill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="通貨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artacihna" title="Artacihna – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Artacihna" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ვალუტა – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვალუტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valyuta" title="Valyuta – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Valyuta" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrim" title="Adrim – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adrim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liidiye" title="Liidiye – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Liidiye" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಚಲಾವಣೆ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಲಾವಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" title="통화 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="통화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Kemmyn" title="Mona Kemmyn – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mona Kemmyn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rung" title="Wärung – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wärung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munt_(einheid)" title="Munt (einheid) – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Munt (einheid)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuda" title="Valuda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Valuda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos%C9%94l%C9%94" title="Mosɔlɔ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mosɔlɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2" title="ສະກຸນເງິນຕາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະກຸນເງິນຕາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiuta" title="Valiuta – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valiuta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C5%ABta" title="Valūta – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valūta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandam-bola" title="Sandam-bola – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sandam-bola" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Окса иктык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Окса иктык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валута – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Валута" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="കറൻസി – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കറൻസി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82" title="Мөнгөн тэмдэгт – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгөн тэмдэгт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A0%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2" title="သၠုဲ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သၠုဲ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="चलन – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चलन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_wang" title="Mata wang – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mata wang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Moneda" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ငွေကြေး – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငွေကြေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldsoort" title="Geldsoort – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geldsoort" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntienhied" title="Muntienhied – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Muntienhied" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="दां – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounaie" title="Mounaie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mounaie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1eleng" title="Mašeleng – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Mašeleng" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devisa_(moneda)" title="Devisa (moneda) – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Devisa (moneda)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Валютæ – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Валютæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁਦਰਾ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਦਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurencii" title="Kurencii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kurencii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waluta" title="Waluta – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Waluta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuda" title="Valuda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Valuda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کرنسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرنسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="پولي واحد – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولي واحد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeda" title="Moeda – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moeda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C3%B1ina" title="Kañina – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kañina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Rhaetica" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Rhaetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valut%C4%83" title="Valută – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valută" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Міна – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Міна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" title="Currency – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Currency" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviza" title="Deviza – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deviza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валута – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валута" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munte" title="Munte – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Munte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mata uang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valuta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarafu_(mfumo)" title="Sarafu (mfumo) – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sarafu (mfumo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நாணயம் – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாணயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ద్రవ్యం – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ద్రవ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Асъор – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асъор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="สกุลเงินตรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สกุลเงินตรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8C%A4%E1%88%AB" title="ባጤራ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ባጤራ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananalapi_(yunit_ng_palitan)" title="Pananalapi (yunit ng palitan) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pananalapi (yunit ng palitan)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6viz" title="Döviz – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Döviz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kretan" title="Kretan – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kretan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%BCta" title="Valüta – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Valüta" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валюта – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валюта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کاغذی کرنسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاغذی کرنسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valyuta" title="Valyuta – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valyuta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%82uta" title="Vałuta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vałuta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_t%E1%BB%87" title="Tiền tệ – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiền tệ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoye" title="Manoye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Manoye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananalapi" title="Pananalapi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pananalapi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7" title="通货 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="通货" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ვალუტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვალუტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2" title="וואלוטע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלוטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ow%C3%B3n%C3%ADn%C3%A1" title="Owóníná – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Owóníná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通貨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thong-h%C3%B2e" title="Thong-hòe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thong-hòe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="通貨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8142#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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politica (non est haec pagina)">Ars politica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychologia" title="Psychologia">Psychologia</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Principia</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laboris_divisio" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboris divisio">Laboris divisio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_oblati_et_quaesiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex oblati et quaesiti">Lex oblati et quaesiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_Sayi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lex Sayi (non est haec pagina)">Lex Sayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecunia" title="Pecunia">Pecunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valor_(oeconomia)" title="Valor (oeconomia)">Valor oeconomicus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Scholae</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austriaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austriaca (non est haec pagina)">Austriaca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classica (non est haec pagina)">Classica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placita_Keynesiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Placita Keynesiana">Placita Keynesiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placita_Marxiana" title="Placita Marxiana">Placita Marxiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosephus_Schumpeter" title="Iosephus Schumpeter">Iosephus Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicagensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicagensis (non est haec pagina)">Sicagensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theoria_impossibilitatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theoria impossibilitatis (non est haec pagina)">Theoria impossibilitatis</a> - <a href="/wiki/Kennethus_Arrow" title="Kennethus Arrow">Kennethus Arrow</a> et <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Instituta</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerarium_Monetarium_Internationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerarium Monetarium Internationale">Aerarium Monetarium Internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentaria" title="Argentaria">Argentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductor" title="Conductor">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegium_(ius)" title="Collegium (ius)">Collegium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegium_opificum" title="Collegium opificum">Collegium opificum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercatus_(oeconomia)" title="Mercatus (oeconomia)">Mercatus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_humana" title="Societas humana">Societas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_cooperativa" title="Societas cooperativa">Societas cooperativa</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Systemata</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitalismus" title="Capitalismus">Capitalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communismus" title="Communismus">Communismus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercantilismus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercantilismus (non est haec pagina)">Mercantilismus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercatus_mixtus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercatus mixtus (non est haec pagina)">Mercatus mixtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercatus_liber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercatus liber">Mercatus liber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus" title="Socialismus">Socialismus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Prodigia</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circumitus_oeconomicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circumitus oeconomicus (non est haec pagina)">Circumitus oeconomicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucrum" title="Lucrum">Lucrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usura" title="Usura">Usura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperinflatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperinflatio (non est haec pagina)">Hyperinflatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inopia_operarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Inopia operarum">Inopia operarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopolium" title="Monopolium">Monopolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessio_oeconomica" title="Recessio oeconomica">Recessio oeconomica</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Consuetudines regiminum</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inflatio" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflatio">Inflatio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subventus_collegiorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subventus collegiorum (non est haec pagina)">Subventus collegiorum</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Campi_oeconomici" title="Campi oeconomici">Campi oeconomici</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus_primarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus primarius">Campus primarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_secundarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus secundarius">Campus secundarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_tertiarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus tertiarius">Campus tertiarius</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div> <p><b>Moneta</b> in qualibet <a href="/wiki/Oeconomia" title="Oeconomia">oeconomia</a> est <a href="/wiki/Pecunia" title="Pecunia">pecunia</a> pervulgata in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collybus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collybus (non est haec pagina)">collybo</a> pro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bona (non est haec pagina)">bonis</a> rite accepta. Ut fieri solet, pecunia in <a href="/wiki/Nummus" title="Nummus">nummis</a> signatis et <a href="/wiki/Charta_argentaria" title="Charta argentaria">notis argentariis</a> cuiuslibet gubernationis consistit, quae sunt physicae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copia_pecuniae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copia pecuniae (non est haec pagina)">copiae pecuniae</a> res. Alia civitatis copiae pecuniae pars in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depositum_argentarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depositum argentarium (non est haec pagina)">depositis argentariis</a> (aliquando <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecunia_deposita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecunia deposita (non est haec pagina)">pecunia deposita</a> appellatis) consistit, cuius possessio a <a href="/wiki/Syngrapha_nummaria" title="Syngrapha nummaria">syngraphis nummariis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charta_debita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charta debita (non est haec pagina)">chartis debitis</a>, vel aliis translationis pecuniae generibus transferri potest. Pecunia deposita et moneta sunt <a href="/wiki/Pecunia" title="Pecunia">pecunia</a> quia ambae sunt pro facultate solvendi acceptae.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pecunia ut moneta in <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturis</a> <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">humanis</a> abhinc <a href="/wiki/Annus" title="Annus">annorum</a> circa 12,000 pollere coepit.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nummi <a href="/wiki/Aureum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aureum">aurei</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Argentum" title="Argentum">argentei</a> aestimationis in re ipsa positae (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecunia_mercatoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecunia mercatoria (non est haec pagina)">pecunia mercatoria</a>) saepe fuerunt norma; paene omnia autem systemata pecuniae in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecunia_fiat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecunia fiat (non est haec pagina)">pecunia "fiat"</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Moneta_(pecunia)" title="Disputatio:Moneta (pecunia)">?</a></sup> condita sunt, quod significat monetae hodiernae esse aestimationem solum ex iussu ("fiat") gubernationis. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg/220px-Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg/330px-Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg/440px-Athens_465-454_BC_Obol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Obolus" title="Obolus">Obolus</a> <a href="/wiki/Athenae" title="Athenae">Atticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_5_a.C.n." title="Saeculum 5 a.C.n.">saeculo quinto</a> factus, ubi videntur <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a> et <a href="/wiki/Athene_noctua" title="Athene noctua">bubo Atheniensis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Omnes urbes Graecae suos nummos habebant. Usque ad saeculum vicesimum omnes nummi, quae sicut pecunia fungebantur, ex <a href="/wiki/Aurum" title="Aurum">auro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentum" title="Argentum">argento</a> aut <a href="/wiki/Cuprum" title="Cuprum">aere</a> auctoritate rectionis cudebantur, et <a href="/wiki/Mandatum_nummarium" title="Mandatum nummarium">mandata nummaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syngrapha_nummaria" title="Syngrapha nummaria">syngrapha nummaria</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Charta_argentaria" title="Charta argentaria">chartae argentariae</a> solae ex fundis metallorum in <a href="/wiki/Argentaria" title="Argentaria">argentaria</a> servatis trahebant. Anno <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> autem omnes orbi terrarum civitates per leges systema novum instituerunt, vulgo <i><a href="/wiki/Pecunia_fiduciaria" title="Pecunia fiduciaria">pecunia fiduciaria</a></i> appellatum, ubi sola <a href="/wiki/Argentaria_centralis" title="Argentaria centralis">argentaria centralis</a> in quaque civitate potest imprimere <a href="/wiki/Charta_argentaria" title="Charta argentaria">chartas argentarias</a>. His tesseris novis in argentaria metallum non adest, sed valorem moderantur duo instituta in quaque civitate: <a href="/wiki/Argentaria_centralis" title="Argentaria centralis">argentaria centralis</a> et <a href="/wiki/Aerarium_publicum" title="Aerarium publicum">aerarium publicum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roma">Roma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Roma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Roma"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg/220px-Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg/330px-Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg/440px-Border_Collie_sheepdog_trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pecus" title="Pecus">Pecus</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">ovium</a> a cane custoditum</figcaption></figure> <p>Romani pluribus nummis usi sunt; aetate <a href="/wiki/Nummi_rei_publicae_Romanae" title="Nummi rei publicae Romanae">liberae rei publicae</a> Senatus saepius nummos facere iussit, quamquam magistratus imagines proprias aliquando fecerunt. Urbes et civitates quae partes fecerunt <a href="/wiki/Nummi_Imperii_Romani" title="Nummi Imperii Romani">imperii Romani</a> postea suos nummos facere poterunt. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:LM_f_K,_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/LM_f_K%2C_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG/220px-LM_f_K%2C_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/LM_f_K%2C_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG/330px-LM_f_K%2C_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/LM_f_K%2C_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG/440px-LM_f_K%2C_sistema_monetario_romano.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Nummi Romani: <a href="/wiki/Aureus" title="Aureus">aureus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sestertius" title="Sestertius">sestertius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dupondius" title="Dupondius">dupondius</a>, <a href="/wiki/As" title="As">as</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Romae antiquae duo nummi aurei cuduntur: <a href="/wiki/Aureus" title="Aureus">aureus</a>, qui fere septem grammata auri compositi cum argento continuit, et <a href="/wiki/Solidus" class="mw-disambig" title="Solidus">solidus</a>, cui ex 4.4 grammate pensato 4.2 auri infuit. Nummi Romani et Byzantini saepe cum metallis aliis compositi sunt, ut valor suus minus sit quam valor in nuumo inscriptus tanto ut systema nummarium rationale habeatur.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png/220px-Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png/330px-Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png/440px-Moneta_Per_TertiiSaeculiDiscrimen.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Devaluatio monetaria <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperinflatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperinflatio (non est haec pagina)">hyperinflationaria</a> quae <a href="/wiki/Discrimen_Tertii_Saeculi" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimen Tertii Saeculi">tertio saeculo</a> primum accidit. <a href="/wiki/Pondus" title="Pondus">Pondus</a> argenti quae Denarii et Antoninarii monetae continebant, et auri quae aurei ostendatur.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romani primi prodigium patiuntur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperinflatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperinflatio (non est haec pagina)">hyperinflationarium</a> <a href="/wiki/Discrimen_Tertii_Saeculi" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimen Tertii Saeculi">tertio saeculo</a>. Quique Augusti, ut militum obsequia pigneretur, mercedes militibus augmentabant, sed pecuniis carebant ad id facendum. Ad mercedes luendas, igitur Augusti argentum in monetis diminuerunt. Argento autem diminuto, pretii ubique tantum auxerunt, ut Augusti iterum mercedes auxere necesse sit. Hoc iterum iterumque accidit. Consummatio fuit disaestimatio monetae romanae fere completa, ob quam consequentiam multa <a href="/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">commercium</a> post discrimen facta est sola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambitas (non est haec pagina)">cambitas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hugh_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hugh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pecunia_chartacea">Pecunia chartacea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Pecunia chartacea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pecunia chartacea"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg/220px-Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg/330px-Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg/440px-Delaware_Bridge_Company_Dollar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Dollarium argenteum, <a href="/wiki/Tessera_nummaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tessera nummaria">tessera nummaria</a> ab argentaria <i>Delaware Bridge Company</i> edita anno <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:US_$1_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US_%241_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg/220px-US_%241_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US_%241_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg/330px-US_%241_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US_%241_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg/440px-US_%241_1896_Silver_Certificate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dollarium" title="Dollarium">Dollarium</a> anni <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>, quo tempore <a href="/wiki/Charta_argentaria" title="Charta argentaria">chartae argentariae</a> Civitatum Foederatarum adhuc <a href="/wiki/Argentum" title="Argentum">argentum</a> aderat.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pecunia_fiduciaria">Pecunia fiduciaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Pecunia fiduciaria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pecunia fiduciaria"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/220px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/330px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/440px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7400" data-file-height="3224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dollarium" title="Dollarium">Dollarium</a> Americanum fiduciarium anni <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, quod hodie per conventum internationale fungitur sicut pecunia reserva internationalis.</figcaption></figure> <p>At, interventores, qui, ut severa depressionis mala leniantur, oeconomiam destricte a rectione regi volebant, praeceptum aureum malum habebant. Quamobrem circum annum <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> civitates <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeceptum_aureum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praeceptum aureum (non est haec pagina)">praeceptum aureum</a> partim reliquerunt. In CFA, hoc accidit per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iussum_Exsecutivum_Numerum_6102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iussum Exsecutivum Numerum 6102 (non est haec pagina)">Iussum Exsecutivum Numerum 6102</a>, quo dominium auri ab civibus vetatum est.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ex anno <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> pleraeque <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(fabrica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moneta (fabrica) (non est haec pagina)">monetae</a> nummos aureos iam non cuderunt. </p><p>Hoc facto aetas pecuniae chartaceae advenit. Civitates mundi anno <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systema_Bretton_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systema Bretton Woods (non est haec pagina)">systema Bretton Woods</a> adoptaverunt, quo <a href="/wiki/Aerarium_Monetarium_Internationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerarium Monetarium Internationale">Aerarium Monetarium Internationale</a> decretum est ac quo civitates inter se aurum pro charta argentaria mutabunt, sed civibus ipsis iam aurum non habebunt. Hoc autem systema demum anno <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> quoque succumbit, quo tempore omnes civitates mundi ad <a href="/wiki/Pecunia_fiduciaria" title="Pecunia fiduciaria">systema fiduciarium</a> adusque conversi sunt. Hoc in systemate valor <a href="/wiki/Moneta_civitatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Moneta civitatis">monetae civitatis</a> aestimatur per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambium_internationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambium internationale (non est haec pagina)">cambium internationale</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=FOREX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOREX (non est haec pagina)">FOREX</a>) et aequilibrium omnium mercimoniorum quae inter nationes commerciantur. <a href="/wiki/Valor_(oeconomia)" title="Valor (oeconomia)">Valor</a> monetae cuiusdam civitatis tandem diminuit siquando <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacuna_commercialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacuna commercialis (non est haec pagina)">lacuna commercialis</a> magna accumulatur. <a href="/wiki/Argentaria_centralis" title="Argentaria centralis">Argentaria centralis</a> quoque potest valorem moderari per <a href="/wiki/Usura" title="Usura">usuras</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reserva_capitalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reserva capitalis (non est haec pagina)">reservas capitales</a> accomondandas et <a href="/wiki/Aerarium_publicum" title="Aerarium publicum">aerarium publicum</a> potest novas chartas novas imprimendo ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblatum_monetarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblatum monetarium (non est haec pagina)">oblatum monetarium</a> augendum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monetae_hodiernae">Monetae hodiernae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Monetae hodiernae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Monetae hodiernae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Strength_of_currencies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Strength_of_currencies.svg/220px-Strength_of_currencies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Strength_of_currencies.svg/330px-Strength_of_currencies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Strength_of_currencies.svg/440px-Strength_of_currencies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Robur monetarum cum dollario CFA comparatarum, mense Aprili 2016.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <caption><b>Monetae saepissime emptae et venditae</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BIS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Ordo</th> <th>Moneta</th> <th>Codex <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (non est haec pagina)">ISO 4217</a><br />(symbolum)</th> <th>Proportio mercatus cotidiani<br />(mense Aprili 2013) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dollarium_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum">Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum</a></td> <td>USD ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">87.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td> <td>EUR (€)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ienum" title="Ienum">Ienum Iaponicum</a></td> <td>JPY (¥)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Libra_sterlingorum" title="Libra sterlingorum">Libra sterlingorum</a></td> <td>GBP (£)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dollarium_Australiense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dollarium Australiense (non est haec pagina)">Dollarium Australiense</a></td> <td>AUD ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francus_Helveticus" title="Francus Helveticus">Francus Helveticus</a></td> <td>CHF (Fr)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dollarium_Canadense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dollarium Canadense (non est haec pagina)">Dollarium Canadense</a></td> <td>CAD ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pensum_Mexicanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pensum Mexicanum (non est haec pagina)">Pensum Mexicanum</a></td> <td>MXN ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi Sinense</a></td> <td>CNY (¥)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dollarium_Neozelandense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dollarium Neozelandense (non est haec pagina)">Dollarium Neozelandense</a></td> <td>NZD ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corona_Suecica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corona Suecica (non est haec pagina)">Corona Suecica</a></td> <td>SEK (kr)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rubelus_Russicus" title="Rubelus Russicus">Rubelus Russicus</a></td> <td>RUB (₽)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dollarium_Hongcongense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dollarium Hongcongense (non est haec pagina)">Dollarium Hongcongense</a></td> <td>HKD ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corona_Norvegica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corona Norvegica (non est haec pagina)">Corona Norvegica</a></td> <td>NOK (kr)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Singapore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dollarium_Singapurense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dollarium Singapurense (non est haec pagina)">Dollarium Singapurense</a></td> <td>SGD ($)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libra_Turcica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libra Turcica (non est haec pagina)">Libra Turcica</a></td> <td>TRY (₺)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Won_Austrocoreanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Won Austrocoreanum (non est haec pagina)">Won Austrocoreanum</a></td> <td>KRW (₩)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rand_Austroafricanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rand Austroafricanum (non est haec pagina)">Rand Austroafricanum</a></td> <td>ZAR (R)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realis_Brasiliensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realis Brasiliensis (non est haec pagina)">Realis Brasiliensis</a></td> <td>BRL (R$)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupia_Indica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupia Indica (non est haec pagina)">Rupia Indica</a></td> <td>INR (₹)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Alia</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"><b>Summa</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>200%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Usus monetarum in notione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_monetae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lex monetae (non est haec pagina)">legis monetae</a> nititur: quod civitas sui iuris constituit qua moneta utatur. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ISO" title="ISO">Organizatio internationalis unificationis</a> (ISO) systema codicum trium litterarum (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (non est haec pagina)">ISO 4217</a>) introduxit, quo quisque moneta definitur; itaque <a href="/wiki/Dollarium_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum">dollarium CFA</a> <i>USD</i>, <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> <i>EUR</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ienum" title="Ienum">ienum</a> Iaponicum <i>JPY</i> appellantur. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bernstein-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pete L. Bernstein, <i>A Primer on Money, Banking and Gold</i> ed. 3a. (Hoboken Novae Caesareae: Wiley, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780470287583" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-470-28758-3</a>), praecipue capitula 4 et 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fortasse ante circa 10,000 BCE, plurimi venatores-conlectores res rebus pro collybo mutabant vel rem re minime mutabant.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haec consuetudo fortasse Latine <i>senioratio</i> dici potest; quod exempli gratia provenit e vocabulo <i>senhoratge</i> e lingua Provencal Francica; Confer paginam Wikipediae Italicae nomine <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signoraggio" class="extiw" title="it:Signoraggio">Signoraggio</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hugh-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hugh_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nexus externus a Hugh Kramer anglice scriptus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accla.org/actaaccla/kramer.html">de descrimine tertii saeculi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iussum per se vetavit dominium nummorum quae centum dollarium excedit, nisi in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornamentum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornamentum (non est haec pagina)">ornamento</a> facti sunt aut ad res fabricandas teneatur. Confer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14611&st=&st1=">Textum Iussi Exsecutivi 6102</a> ab Incepto de Praesidentia Americana. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389956">.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visited{color:gray}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new{color:#ba0000}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a>)</b></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/08/top-8-currencies-to-know.asp/">"World’s Most Traded Currencies By Value 2012"</a>. investopedia.com<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BIS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BIS_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx13fx.pdf">"Report on global foreign exchange market activity in 2013"</a> (PDF). <i>Triennial Central Bank Survey</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Switzerland (non est haec pagina)">Switzerland</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_for_International_Settlements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank for International Settlements (non est haec pagina)">Bank for International Settlements</a>. April 2013. p. 12<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Summa totalis est 200% quia quisque permutatio monetae in se par monetarum habet.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aes_signatum" title="Aes signatum">Aes signatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinbase" title="Coinbase">Coinbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatica" title="Numismatica">Numismatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrooeconomia" title="Macrooeconomia">Macrooeconomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflatio_monetalis" title="Inflatio monetalis">Inflatio monetalis</a> - <a href="/wiki/Deflatio_monetalis" title="Deflatio monetalis">Deflatio monetalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeconomia_politica" title="Oeconomia politica">Oeconomia politica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renovatio_monetae" title="Renovatio monetae">Renovatio monetae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systema_monetarium_Europaeum" title="Systema monetarium Europaeum">Systema monetarium Europaeum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blanchard, Oliver, et Gerhard Illing. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. <i>Makroökonomie.</i> Ed. 4a. Monaci: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9783827372093" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9783827372093</a>.</li> <li>Cancik, H. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. <i>Der Neue Pauly: Enzyklopädie der Antike.</i> Stutgardiae: Metzler. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3476014843" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3476014843</a>.</li> <li>Davies, Glyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714171102/http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/amser/chrono14.html"><i>Chronology of Money 1900–1919.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0708313515" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0708313515</a>.</li> <li>Davies, Glyn. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. <i>A history of money: from ancient times to the present day.</i> Ed. 3a. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0708317731" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0708317731</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0708317170" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0708317170</a> (carta).</li> <li>Eichengreen, Bary. <i>Vom Goldstandard zum Euro: Die Geschichte des internationalen Währungssystems.</i> Conv. Udo Rennert et Wolfgang Rhiel. Berolini: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3803136032" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3803136032</a>.</li> <li>Jarchow, Hans Joachim, et Peter Rühmann. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. Internationale Währungspolitik. In <i>Monetäre Außenwirtschaft</i> 2(5). Uni-Taschenbücher 1335. Gotingae: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3825213358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3825213358</a>.</li> <li>North, M. <i>Das Geld und seine Geschichte.</i> Vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Monaci: Beck. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3406380727" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3406380727</a>.</li> <li>Schricker, Wolfgang, eet Eberhard Rubin. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. Geld, Kredit & Währung. <i>VfW-Skriptenreihe</i> 22. Ed. 6a. Monaci: Verlag für Wirtschaftsskripten. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3921636957" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3921636957</a>.</li> <li>Sedillot, René. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. <i>Muscheln, Münzen und Papier: Die Geschichte des Geldes.</i> Conv. Linda Gränz. Francofurti: Campus-Verlag. Novi Eboraci. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3593347075" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3593347075</a>.</li> <li>Weatherford, Jack McIver. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <i>Eine kurze Geschichte des Geldes und der Währungen: Von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart.</i> Conv. Antoinette Gittinger. Turici: Concett bei Oesch. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3905267039" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3905267039</a>.</li> <li>Weimer, Wolfram. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>. <i>Geschichte des Geldes: Eine Chronik mit Texten und Bildern.</i> Francofurti et Lipsiae: Suhrkamp Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/351838807X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 351838807X</a>.</li> <li>Wolff, Sören. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>. <i>Eine kurze Geschichte des Geldes: Die Entstehung der Vertragsform Kredit und nominaler Geldzeichen in Antike und Neuzeit.</i> Ökonomische Essays, 15. Marburg: Metropolis. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9783895187889" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9783895187889</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&oldid=3862843">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moneta_(pecunia)&oldid=3862843</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Divitiae" title="Categoria:Divitiae">Divitiae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Monetae" title="Categoria:Monetae">Monetae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L_-1" title="Categoria:L -1">L -1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Emendationes_necessariae" title="Categoria:Emendationes necessariae">Emendationes necessariae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_dubia_(dubsig)" title="Categoria:Latinitas dubia (dubsig)">Latinitas dubia (dubsig)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:1000_paginae" title="Categoria:1000 paginae">1000 paginae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Societas" title="Categoria:Myrias Societas">Myrias Societas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 17 Novembris 2024 hora 16:27 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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