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3.13.0 Documentation

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-content_root="./"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><title>3.13.0 Documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=80d5e7a1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pydoctheme.css?v=41b4f12d" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/sidebar-wrap.css?v=65806c5a" /> <link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments_dark.css?v=b20cc3f5" /> <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=6aaf4047"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <script src="_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.13.0 documentation" href="_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" /> <script defer data-domain="docs.python.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/index.html" /> <style> @media only screen { table.full-width-table { width: 100%; 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This is the official documentation for Python 3.13.0. </p> <p><strong>Documentation sections:</strong></p> <table class="contentstable" align="center"><tr> <td width="50%"> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="whatsnew/3.13.html">What's new in Python 3.13?</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr"> Or <a href="whatsnew/index.html">all "What's new" documents since Python 2.0</a></span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Start here: a tour of Python's syntax and features</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="library/index.html">Library reference</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Standard library and builtins</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="reference/index.html">Language reference</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">Syntax and language elements</span></p> <p class="biglink"><a class="biglink" href="using/index.html">Python setup and usage</a><br/> <span class="linkdescr">How to 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href="download.html">Download these documents</a></p> <h3>Docs by version</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.14/">Python 3.14 (in development)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.13/">Python 3.13 (stable)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.12/">Python 3.12 (stable)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.11/">Python 3.11 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.10/">Python 3.10 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.9/">Python 3.9 (security-fixes)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/">Python 3.8 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.7/">Python 3.7 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.6/">Python 3.6 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/">Python 3.5 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.4/">Python 3.4 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.3/">Python 3.3 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.2/">Python 3.2 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.1/">Python 3.1 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3.0/">Python 3.0 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2.7/">Python 2.7 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2.6/">Python 2.6 (EOL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/doc/versions/">All versions</a></li> </ul> <h3>Other resources</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://peps.python.org">PEP Index</a></li> <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">Beginner's Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks">Book List</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/doc/av/">Audio/Visual Talks</a></li> <li><a href="https://devguide.python.org/">Python Developer鈥檚 Guide</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar"> <span>芦</span> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related"> 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