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Life expectancy for people living with HIV
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Learn more here."/><meta name="keywords" content="HIV life expectancy"/><meta name="k1" content="hivaids"/><meta name="k2" content="infectious"/><meta name="ROBOTS" content="NOODP"/><meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-732x549-thumbnail.jpg"/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="cat_hiv-aids,cat_infectious_diseases,cat_sexual-health,k1_hivaids,k2_infectious"/><meta name="article:published_time" content="2019-01-30T19:00:00.000Z"/><meta name="article:author" content="Shannon Johnson, Amy Murnan"/><meta property="og:title" content="Life expectancy for people living with HIV"/><meta property="og:description" content="With consistent treatment, the life expectancy for people living with HIV is much higher than it used to be. 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data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-1r4r6jy"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Michaela-Murphy-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Michaela Murphy, PA-C</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Shannon Johnson</a></span></span></span><span><span><span> and <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Amy Murnan</a></span></span></span></span> — <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span> Updated on February 27, 2024</span></a></div></section></div><div><nav class="css-wp9hsz" id="tab-bar-0" data-testid="tab-bar"><ul class="css-wy0i0w"><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#life-expectancy" class="css-1qfr3bt">Life expectancy</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#recent-improvements" class="css-1qfr3bt">Recent improvements</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#complications" class="css-1qfr3bt">Complications</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#aging" class="css-1qfr3bt">Aging</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#summary" class="css-1qfr3bt">Summary</a></li></ul></nav><article class="article-body css-d2znx6 undefined"><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-12va8w7"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><p class="css-4aeg3z">The life expectancy of a person living with HIV has improved dramatically over recent years. Thanks to advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), many people living with HIV can now live long lives.</p></div></div><div><p>When first reports of HIV and AIDS began in the <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/#year-1981" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">1980s</a>, HIV was a life threatening condition. However, people can now manage HIV as a chronic health condition as long as they continue their treatment.</p></div><div><div data-preamp="serena-chatbot"></div></div><div><p>In this article, we examine the life expectancy of people living with HIV, developments in managing and treating HIV, and the long-term outlook.</p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline2__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="life-expectancy">What is the life expectancy for HIV?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><figure class="css-yhe8zq"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-mjp0j9"><picture class="css-16pk1is"><source srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg 750w" media="(min-width: 1190px)"/><source srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg 750w" media="(min-width: 990px)"/><source srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg 879w" media="(min-width: 768px)"/><img src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg" alt="Two people holding hands, one older and one younger, against a black background." class="css-1jytyml"/></picture></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-1mqo1cs"><a class="css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-event="Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked" data-element-event="OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F324321&media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2024%2F02%2FMNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg&description=Life%20expectancy%20for%20people%20living%20with%20HIV" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg"><span class="css-z1zfa">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span><figcaption class="css-13b3g0x">dszc/Getty Images</figcaption></figure></div></div><div><p>Here is what research says about life expectancy for those living with <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131" class="content-link css-90fpmc">HIV</a>, both with and without treatment.</p></div><div><h3>With treatment</h3></div><div><p>Life expectancy for those with HIV who have access to medical care and who take long-term <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324013" class="content-link css-90fpmc">ART</a> is positive.</p></div><div><p>A <hl-trusted-source source="The Lancet" rationale="Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00063-0/fulltext" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">2022 cohort study</a></hl-trusted-source> evaluated the data of 200,000 people with HIV in Europe and North America from 2015 onwards who were taking ART. The researchers found that those undergoing long-term HIV treatment and who had high <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cd4-count" class="content-link css-90fpmc">CD4 counts</a> had lifespans similar to that of the general population.</p></div><div><p>CD4 is a type of immune cell in the body. HIV attacks and destroys these cells. As a result, a high CD4 count means the immune system is functioning well.</p></div><div><p>However, the cohort study found that people with low CD4 counts lived up to 30 years less than the general population. Low CD4 counts may indicate HIV is progressing. This could be because of interruptions in treatment or because a person’s regimen is not working as well as it should.</p></div><div><p>This highlights the need for consistent medical care and monitoring of HIV viral load so that clinicians can adjust treatment where necessary.</p></div><div><h3>Without treatment</h3></div><div><p>Life expectancy is dramatically lower for people with HIV who do not receive any treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that once people receive an AIDS diagnosis, they typically live for <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">3 years</a></hl-trusted-source>.</p></div><div><p>In the early years of the HIV epidemic, when no treatments were available at all, many people only lived around <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv/" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">1–2 years</a> after receiving a diagnosis.</p></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="recent-improvements">Recent improvements in HIV treatments</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>The increase in life expectancy for people living with HIV is due to improvements in treatment.</p></div><div><p>In the 1980s–1990s, <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324013/">antiretroviral therapy</a> began as monotherapy, then it became dual therapy. Now, there is combination ART, which includes three or more drugs that each attack HIV in different ways.</p></div><div><p>A <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302412/" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">2017 study</a></hl-trusted-source> in Switzerland showed the difference these developments have made. The authors estimate that the additional life expectancy for people with HIV at age 20 during the early monotherapy era was 11.8 years. However, that number rose to 54.9 years with recent combination ART started between 2006–2013. </p></div><div><p>Although HIV treatment is much more effective today than it used to be, researchers are still investigating a cure. In the meantime, combination ART can preserve health by suppressing the amount of HIV in the blood. </p></div><div><p>If the <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323851/">viral load</a> drops below a certain threshold, HIV becomes <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323874/">undetectable</a>. When this happens, the risk of transmitting HIV through sexual contact is <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/art/index.html" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">zero</a></hl-trusted-source>.</p></div><div><p>ART also reduces the risk of transmission through pregnancy and childbirth to less than 1%. There is still a potential risk of transmission through breastfeeding and needle sharing, but it is substantially less.</p></div><div><div id="widget_call_out_6f6cf330-a228-4a7f-a560-d01eb653224c" class="css-jyr0cb"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div class="css-11m4ja7"><div class="css-xqvouu"><h3 class="css-b9vh1e">HIV and AIDS resources</h3><div class="css-1hpp2pt"><p class="standout--body">For more in-depth information and resources on HIV and AIDS, visit our <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">dedicated hub</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="css-1uwjw6e"><div></div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-umsscj"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-10gx9pb"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline7__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline7__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1l7cd95"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="complications">HIV-related complications and conditions</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Without treatment, HIV can quickly start to damage cells in the immune system. It progresses in stages. They are:</p></div><div><ul><li><strong>Stage 1:</strong> Stage 1 HIV is also known as the acute phase. It <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">often</a></hl-trusted-source> begins with flu-like symptoms, although some people do not have any symptoms at all. There is a high amount of virus in the blood, and it is easy to transmit to others.</li><li><strong>Stage 2:</strong> Stage 2, or the chronic phase, causes no symptoms. However, the virus continues reproducing, and people can still transmit the virus.</li><li><strong>Stage 3:</strong> Stage 3 HIV is also known as AIDS. This occurs when virus levels are high enough in the blood that a person’s immune system cannot protect them against infections.</li></ul></div><div><p>As it progresses, HIV <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">can lead to</a></hl-trusted-source>:</p></div><div><ul><li>serious viral, bacterial, or <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317970/">fungal</a> infections</li><li>the reactivation of viruses that are dormant in the body, such as <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323935/">herpes</a> viruses</li><li>significant involuntary weight loss, or <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-wasting-syndrome" class="content-link css-90fpmc">wasting syndrome</a></li><li>certain cancers, such as <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146136" class="content-link css-90fpmc">lymphoma</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Medication side effects</h3></div><div><p>While HIV treatment is life saving, <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323897/">antiretroviral medications</a> can still have short- and long-term side effects. However, <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview/" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">not everyone</a> experiences side effects, which tend to be less intense than they used to be.</p></div><div><p>The most common side effects include:</p></div><div><ul><li>nausea and vomiting</li><li>diarrhea</li><li>insomnia</li><li>headache</li><li>dizziness</li><li>dry mouth</li><li>rash</li><li>pain</li><li>fatigue</li></ul></div><div><p>Sometimes, side effects only occur when a person begins a medication and may go away after a few days or weeks. Most side effects are manageable, but if they become severe or cause someone to want to stop taking ART, they need to speak with a clinician.</p></div><div><p>Long-term ART can increase the risk of certain conditions. The effects will vary depending on the drugs a person is taking but <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986685/" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">could include</a></hl-trusted-source>:</p></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155646" class="content-link css-90fpmc">osteoporosis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257484" class="content-link css-90fpmc">cardiovascular disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172179" class="content-link css-90fpmc">kidney disease</a></li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/liver-disease-symptoms" class="content-link css-90fpmc">liver disease</a></li></ul></div><div><p>Because it is still a fairly recent outcome that people with HIV live for longer, scientists are still learning about the effects of long-term ART and how to prevent them. However, the benefits of these drugs usually outweigh the risks of not taking them.</p></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="aging">Aging with HIV</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>ART has dramatically extended the lives of people living with HIV. Because of this, those with the infection can experience the same health issues as other older adults.</p></div><div><p>The virus may also affect health and aging, even with treatment. Older people with long-standing HIV infections <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv/" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">can develop</a> associated health conditions, such as:</p></div><div><ul><li>cardiovascular disease</li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323867" class="content-link css-90fpmc">diabetes</a></li><li>kidney disease</li><li>cancer</li></ul></div><div><p>This may be due to a variety of factors, but <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248423/">chronic inflammation</a> due to HIV itself could be one of them.</p></div><div><p>HIV and its treatment can also affect the brain, causing a condition known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Differentiating <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159442" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Alzheimer’s disease</a> from HAND is <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5823609/" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">an emerging issue</a></hl-trusted-source> in the population of older adults living with HIV.</p></div><div><p>Research into these effects is ongoing. For now, it is important for those living with HIV to stick to their treatment plan to keep the virus suppressed and to be proactive in looking after their health.</p></div><div id="hl-incontent-video-ad" data-adbridg-ad-class="hl-incontent" class="css-pp6cpn"></div><div id="div-gpt-ad-out-of-page"></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="summary">Summary</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>The outlook for people with HIV has greatly improved since the epidemic began. With long-term treatment, many of those with the infection have a similar life expectancy to the rest of the population. This improvement is due to advances in drug therapy. </p></div><div><p>Researchers are still investigating further HIV treatments and possible cures. Until then, people with HIV must have access to and continue to take ART. This protects their health and also lowers the risk of transmission.</p></div><div><p>HIV may still affect health, even with treatment. A person needs to work closely with medical professionals to monitor their condition and all other aspects of their health and well-being, wherever possible.</p></div></div></article><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><p data-testid="last-medically-reviewed" class="css-1kir5of"><span> </span></p><div class="css-5b5f7q"><ul><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|HIV and AIDS" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/hiv-aids">HIV and AIDS</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/infectious_diseases">Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Sexual Health / STDs" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/sexual-health">Sexual Health / STDs</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="css-140fa3i"><div class="css-15lc7zf"><h3 id="bylineArticleTools">How we reviewed this article:</h3><div class="css-1g9ioi4"><button type="button" class="css-kxscys"><div class="css-rre5oz"><span class="css-1d75hb8"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 10C0 4.477 4.477 0 10 0s10 4.477 10 10-4.477 10-10 10S0 15.523 0 10Zm18.5 0a8.5 8.5 0 1 0-17 0 8.5 8.5 0 0 0 17 0ZM10 4c-.823 0-1.5.677-1.5 1.518C8.5 6.323 9.177 7 10 7c.841 0 1.5-.677 1.5-1.482A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 10 4Zm0 4.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1V15a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9.5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span>Sources</span></div></button></div><div class="css-une8nx"><div class="css-1xn3edc css-1rkrrlx"><div id="article-resources" role="region" class="css-1ugaz02"><div class="css-0">Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our<!-- --> <a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process">editorial policy</a>.</div><ul class="css-1vedeqe"><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>A timeline of HIV and AIDS. </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/#year-1981">https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/#year-1981</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Aging with HIV. (2023). </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv">https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Chawla A, et al. (2018). A review of long-term toxicity of antiretroviral treatment regimens and implications for an aging population. </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986685/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986685/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Gueler A, et al. (2017). Life expectancy in HIV-positive persons in Switzerland: Matched comparison with general population. </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302412/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302412/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>HIV. (2024). </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>HIV treatment overview. (2022). </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview">https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Milanini B, et al. (2017). Differentiating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders from Alzheimer's disease: An emerging issue in geriatric neuroHIV. </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5823609/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5823609/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Teeraananchai S, et al. (2017). Life expectancy of HIV-positive people after starting combination antiretroviral therapy: A meta-analysis. </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27578404">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27578404</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Trickey A, et al. (2022). Life expectancy of people with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America: A cohort study.</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00063-0/fulltext">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00063-0/fulltext</a></cite></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="css-2wv3mf" data-testid="share-tools"><p>Share this article</p><div class="css-14uyzrw"><div class="button-wrapper print"><a class="css-xqmvw1 print button icon icon-hl-print" target="_blank" title="Print this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper email"><a class="css-xqmvw1 email button icon icon-hl-email" target="_blank" title="Email this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper facebook"><a class="css-xqmvw1 facebook button icon icon-hl-facebook" 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class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/315928;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/02/hiv-early-signs-collage-thumb.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/02/hiv-early-signs-collage-thumb.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/315928;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?</a><section data-testid="byline" class="css-ni3p9e"><div class="css-1pz7193"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/AV-scaled.jpeg"></lazy-image></div></div><div><span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers">Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP</a></span></span></div></section><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/315928;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">With an early diagnosis, effective treatment for HIV is available. Find out how to recognize the early signs of HIV and what to do if they appear. </a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/315928;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323851;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What is an HIV viral load?|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323851?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What is an HIV viral load?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323851_1100.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323851_1100.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323851;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What is an HIV viral load?|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323851?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What is an HIV viral load?</a><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323851;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What is an HIV viral load?|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323851?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Viral load refers the amount of HIV in a person's blood. Treatment aims to reduce a person’s viral load to undetectable levels.</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323851;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What is an HIV viral load?|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323851?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323860;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What types of pain can HIV cause?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323860?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What types of pain can HIV cause?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/11/GettyImages-700740609-thumbnail.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/11/GettyImages-700740609-thumbnail.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323860;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What types of pain can HIV cause?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323860?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What types of pain can HIV cause?</a><section data-testid="byline" class="css-ni3p9e"><div class="css-1pz7193"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/AV-scaled.jpeg"></lazy-image></div></div><div><span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers">Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP</a></span></span></div></section><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323860;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What types of pain can HIV cause?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323860?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Pain is common in people with HIV and may include headaches, joint pain, and cramps. Medications and complementary therapies may help.</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323860;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What types of pain can HIV cause?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323860?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-i9gxme"></div><footer class="css-1ocfdvu"><div class="css-1dppxl0"><hl-social-nav></hl-social-nav><div class="css-1b2ri56"><div class="css-uktbta css-1tn87m4"><hl-newsletter-cta buttonText="SUBSCRIBE" source="footer_newsletter_link" subscribeEventTracking="Newsletter Acquisition|footer_newsletter_link|submit" className="css-13njx2h" category="Newsletter Acquisition" formatType="footer" name="footer_newsletter_link" productId="footer_newsletter_link" variant="footer_newsletter_link"></hl-newsletter-cta><div class="css-16bllps css-17cs55w">© 2025 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. 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She is especially interested in how life experiences affect mental and…"]}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":5474,"name":{"display":"Michaela Murphy, PA-C","first":"Michaela","last":"Murphy, PA-C"},"userLogin":"mmurphy","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/michaela-murphy-pa-c","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eMichaela Murphy is a nationally certified physician assistant with 15 years of experience in infectious disease, primary and urgent care, and women’s health. She is passionate about patient care, research, writing, mental health, and wellness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePhiladelphia University (now Thomas Jefferson University), MS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eUniversity of California, Berkeley, BA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRegistered Yoga Teacher\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBasic Life Support (BLS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Michaela-Murphy-500x500-Bio.png"},"bioBlurb":{"nodes":["Michaela Murphy is a nationally certified physician assistant with 15 years of experience in infectious disease, primary and urgent care, and women’s health…"]}}],"editors":[{"role":"Editor","name":{"display":"Amy Murnan"}}],"pinterestImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-732x549-thumbnail.jpg"},"sponsored":{"msiteID":"cabenuvamnt24","name":"Investigating HIV","landingPage":"/program/investigating-hiv","logoSize":"default","logoTracking":"","geoTarget":"","isCategorySponsor":false,"linkOverride":"","titleOverride":"","sponsoredBarTxt":["Content created by Medical News Today and sponsored by our partners. ",{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"href":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/ad-policy","className":"content-link css-90fpmc"},"source":"Learn more"}],"rightRailWidget":[{"title":"What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?","url":"/articles/315928","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/02/hiv-early-signs-collage-thumb.jpg"},{"title":"What types of pain can HIV cause?","url":"/articles/323860","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/11/GettyImages-700740609-thumbnail.jpg"},{"title":"What is an HIV viral load?","url":"/articles/323851","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323851_1100.jpg"},{"title":"Signs and symptoms of HIV in males","url":"/articles/common-hiv-symptoms-in-men","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/06/doctor-conversation-couple-732x549-thumbnail.jpg"}],"bottomRecommendedWidget":[{"url":"/articles/315928","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/02/hiv-early-signs-collage-thumb.jpg","thumbnailSizes":[732,549],"title":"What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?","summary":"With an early diagnosis, effective treatment for HIV is available. Find out how to recognize the early signs of HIV and what to do if they appear. ","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/AV-scaled.jpeg","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""}}},{"url":"/articles/323851","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323851_1100.jpg","thumbnailSizes":[1100,825],"title":"What is an HIV viral load?","summary":"Viral load refers the amount of HIV in a person's blood. Treatment aims to reduce a person’s viral load to undetectable levels."},{"url":"/articles/323860","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/11/GettyImages-700740609-thumbnail.jpg","thumbnailSizes":[732,549],"title":"What types of pain can HIV cause?","summary":"Pain is common in people with HIV and may include headaches, joint pain, and cramps. Medications and complementary therapies may help.","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/AV-scaled.jpeg","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""}}}],"isSponsoredCPUV":true},"recommendedContent":"\u003cdiv class=\"css-1072e5h css-1p2cbqg\"\u003e\u003ch2 class=\"css-120r23d css-4gqu6l\"\u003eMore in \u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc css-loswtq\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-hiv\"\u003eInvestigating HIV\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cul data-testid=\"[object Object]-collection-ul\" class=\"css-1ynwxft\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"css-fihivb\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-xqmvw1 css-n98yn4\" data-event=\"Right Rail|Widget We Recommend|/articles/315928\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928\" data-testid=\"thumbnail-link\" aria-label=\"What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v 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src=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/06/doctor-conversation-couple-732x549-thumbnail.jpg\" className=\"css-1jytyml\"\u003e\u003c/lazy-image\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"css-bufxhs\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-xqmvw1 css-2nnb2j\" data-event=\"Right Rail|Widget We Recommend|/articles/common-hiv-symptoms-in-men\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/common-hiv-symptoms-in-men\" data-testid=\"text-link\"\u003eSigns and symptoms of HIV in males\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"css-vth7bd\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc css-6dzgt3\" data-event=\"Right Rail|Widget We Recommend|/program/investigating-hiv\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-hiv\"\u003eView all\u003cspan class=\"icon-hl-circle-arrow 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dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-cost","title":"Biktarvy cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-dosage","title":"Biktarvy dosage"},{"url":"/articles/triumeq","title":"Triumeq"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-triumeq-side-effects","title":"Triumeq side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-triumeq-interactions","title":"Triumeq interactions"},{"url":"/articles/327102","title":"Descovy"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-dosage","title":"Descovy dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-side-effects","title":"Descovy side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-cost","title":"Descovy cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-interactions","title":"Descovy interactions"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-for-prep","title":"Descovy for PrEP"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza-side-effects","title":"Symtuza side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza-interactions","title":"Symtuza interactions"},{"url":"/articles/cdi-isentress-dosage","title":"Isentress dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir-tablet-dosage","title":"Efavirenz dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-stribild-side-effects","title":"Stribild side effects"},{"url":"/articles/stribild","title":"Etribild"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-stribild-interactions","title":"Stribild interactions"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-stribild-dosage","title":"Stribild dosage"},{"url":"/articles/mnt-investigates-hiv-care-in-black-and-latino-communities","title":"Inequities in HIV care"}]},"pathingTilesData":{},"pathingCardsData":{},"inArticlePathingCardsData":[],"quantitativeTrustData":{},"isPrependRecipeH2":false,"recipes":[],"hideTabs":false,"tabs":[{"id":"_noHeaderPrefixedContent","title":null,"header":null,"body":[{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cp class=\"css-4aeg3z\"\u003eThe life expectancy of a person living with HIV has improved dramatically over recent years. Thanks to advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), many people living with HIV can now live long lives.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"When first reports of HIV and AIDS began in the \u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/#year-1981\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e1980s\u003c/a\u003e, HIV was a life threatening condition. However, people can now manage HIV as a chronic health condition as long as they continue their treatment."},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"data-preamp":"serena-chatbot"},"source":""},{"tagName":"p","source":"In this article, we examine the life expectancy of people living with HIV, developments in managing and treating HIV, and the long-term outlook."}]},{"id":"life-expectancy","title":"Life expectancy","isCollapsable":false,"header":["What is the life expectancy for HIV?"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cfigure class=\"css-yhe8zq\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-mjp0j9\"\u003e\u003cpicture class=\"css-16pk1is\"\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 1190px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 990px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg 879w\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"/\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Two people holding hands, one older and one younger, against a black background.\" class=\"css-1jytyml\"/\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-1mqo1cs\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-event=\"Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked\" data-element-event=\"OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F324321\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.post.rvohealth.io%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2024%2F02%2FMNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg\u0026description=Life%20expectancy%20for%20people%20living%20with%20HIV\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/02/MNT-people-hands-1296x728-header-1024x575.jpg\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-z1zfa\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"css-13b3g0x\"\u003edszc/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Here is what research says about life expectancy for those living with \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eHIV\u003c/a\u003e, both with and without treatment."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"With treatment"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Life expectancy for those with HIV who have access to medical care and who take long-term \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324013\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eART\u003c/a\u003e is positive."},{"tagName":"p","source":"A \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"The Lancet\" rationale=\"Highly respected journal,Expert written journal,Peer reviewed journal\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00063-0/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e2022 cohort study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e evaluated the data of 200,000 people with HIV in Europe and North America from 2015 onwards who were taking ART. The researchers found that those undergoing long-term HIV treatment and who had high \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cd4-count\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eCD4 counts\u003c/a\u003e had lifespans similar to that of the general population."},{"tagName":"p","source":"CD4 is a type of immune cell in the body. HIV attacks and destroys these cells. As a result, a high CD4 count means the immune system is functioning well."},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, the cohort study found that people with low CD4 counts lived up to 30 years less than the general population. Low CD4 counts may indicate HIV is progressing. This could be because of interruptions in treatment or because a person’s regimen is not working as well as it should."},{"tagName":"p","source":"This highlights the need for consistent medical care and monitoring of HIV viral load so that clinicians can adjust treatment where necessary."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Without treatment"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Life expectancy is dramatically lower for people with HIV who do not receive any treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that once people receive an AIDS diagnosis, they typically live for \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e3 years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":"In the early years of the HIV epidemic, when no treatments were available at all, many people only lived around \u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e1–2 years\u003c/a\u003e after receiving a diagnosis."}]},{"id":"recent-improvements","title":"Recent improvements","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Recent improvements in HIV treatments"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"The increase in life expectancy for people living with HIV is due to improvements in treatment."},{"tagName":"p","source":"In the 1980s–1990s, \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324013/\"\u003eantiretroviral therapy\u003c/a\u003e began as monotherapy, then it became dual therapy. Now, there is combination ART, which includes three or more drugs that each attack HIV in different ways."},{"tagName":"p","source":"A \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302412/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e2017 study\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e in Switzerland showed the difference these developments have made. The authors estimate that the additional life expectancy for people with HIV at age 20 during the early monotherapy era was 11.8 years. However, that number rose to 54.9 years with recent combination ART started between 2006–2013. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Although HIV treatment is much more effective today than it used to be, researchers are still investigating a cure. In the meantime, combination ART can preserve health by suppressing the amount of HIV in the blood. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"If the \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323851/\"\u003eviral load\u003c/a\u003e drops below a certain threshold, HIV becomes \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323874/\"\u003eundetectable\u003c/a\u003e. When this happens, the risk of transmitting HIV through sexual contact is \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/art/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ezero\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":"ART also reduces the risk of transmission through pregnancy and childbirth to less than 1%. There is still a potential risk of transmission through breastfeeding and needle sharing, but it is substantially less."},{"widget":{"widgetFormat":"widget-call-out","items":[{"headerTitle":["HIV and AIDS resources"],"content":[{"tagName":"p","attributes":{"className":"standout--body"},"source":"For more in-depth information and resources on HIV and AIDS, visit our \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ededicated hub\u003c/a\u003e."}]}]},"brandPage":{}}]},{"id":"complications","title":"Complications","isCollapsable":false,"header":["HIV-related complications and conditions"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Without treatment, HIV can quickly start to damage cells in the immune system. It progresses in stages. They are:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStage 1:\u003c/strong\u003e Stage 1 HIV is also known as the acute phase. It \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eoften\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e begins with flu-like symptoms, although some people do not have any symptoms at all. There is a high amount of virus in the blood, and it is easy to transmit to others.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStage 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Stage 2, or the chronic phase, causes no symptoms. However, the virus continues reproducing, and people can still transmit the virus.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStage 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Stage 3 HIV is also known as AIDS. This occurs when virus levels are high enough in the blood that a person’s immune system cannot protect them against infections.\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"As it progresses, HIV \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecan lead to\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eserious viral, bacterial, or \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317970/\"\u003efungal\u003c/a\u003e infections\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ethe reactivation of viruses that are dormant in the body, such as \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323935/\"\u003eherpes\u003c/a\u003e viruses\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003esignificant involuntary weight loss, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-wasting-syndrome\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ewasting syndrome\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ecertain cancers, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146136\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003elymphoma\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Medication side effects"},{"tagName":"p","source":"While HIV treatment is life saving, \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323897/\"\u003eantiretroviral medications\u003c/a\u003e can still have short- and long-term side effects. However, \u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003enot everyone\u003c/a\u003e experiences side effects, which tend to be less intense than they used to be."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The most common side effects include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003enausea and vomiting\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ediarrhea\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003einsomnia\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eheadache\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003edizziness\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003edry mouth\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003erash\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003epain\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efatigue\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Sometimes, side effects only occur when a person begins a medication and may go away after a few days or weeks. Most side effects are manageable, but if they become severe or cause someone to want to stop taking ART, they need to speak with a clinician."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Long-term ART can increase the risk of certain conditions. The effects will vary depending on the drugs a person is taking but \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986685/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecould include\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155646\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eosteoporosis\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257484\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecardiovascular disease\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172179\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ekidney disease\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/liver-disease-symptoms\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eliver disease\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Because it is still a fairly recent outcome that people with HIV live for longer, scientists are still learning about the effects of long-term ART and how to prevent them. However, the benefits of these drugs usually outweigh the risks of not taking them."}]},{"id":"aging","title":"Aging","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Aging with HIV"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"ART has dramatically extended the lives of people living with HIV. Because of this, those with the infection can experience the same health issues as other older adults."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The virus may also affect health and aging, even with treatment. Older people with long-standing HIV infections \u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecan develop\u003c/a\u003e associated health conditions, such as:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003ecardiovascular disease\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323867\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ediabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ekidney disease\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ecancer\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"This may be due to a variety of factors, but \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248423/\"\u003echronic inflammation\u003c/a\u003e due to HIV itself could be one of them."},{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV and its treatment can also affect the brain, causing a condition known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Differentiating \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159442\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eAlzheimer’s disease\u003c/a\u003e from HAND is \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5823609/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ean emerging issue\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e in the population of older adults living with HIV."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Research into these effects is ongoing. For now, it is important for those living with HIV to stick to their treatment plan to keep the virus suppressed and to be proactive in looking after their health."}]},{"id":"summary","title":"Summary","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Summary"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"The outlook for people with HIV has greatly improved since the epidemic began. With long-term treatment, many of those with the infection have a similar life expectancy to the rest of the population. This improvement is due to advances in drug therapy. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Researchers are still investigating further HIV treatments and possible cures. Until then, people with HIV must have access to and continue to take ART. This protects their health and also lowers the risk of transmission."},{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV may still affect health, even with treatment. A person needs to work closely with medical professionals to monitor their condition and all other aspects of their health and well-being, wherever possible."}]}],"hasAffiliateLinks":false,"affiliates":[],"isDisclaimer":false,"isOwnedAndOperatedPresent":false,"propsFor":{"articleResources":[{"displayLink":"hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/#year-1981","link":"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline/#year-1981","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"A timeline of HIV and AIDS. "}},{"displayLink":"hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv","link":"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Aging with HIV. (2023). "}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986685/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986685/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Chawla A, et al. (2018). A review of long-term toxicity of antiretroviral treatment regimens and implications for an aging population. "}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302412/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302412/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Gueler A, et al. (2017). Life expectancy in HIV-positive persons in Switzerland: Matched comparison with general population. "}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/default.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"HIV. (2024). "}},{"displayLink":"hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview","link":"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"HIV treatment overview. (2022). "}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5823609/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5823609/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Milanini B, et al. (2017). Differentiating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders from Alzheimer\u0026apos;s disease: An emerging issue in geriatric neuroHIV. "}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27578404","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27578404","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Teeraananchai S, et al. (2017). Life expectancy of HIV-positive people after starting combination antiretroviral therapy: A meta-analysis. "}},{"displayLink":"thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00063-0/fulltext","link":"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(22)00063-0/fulltext","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Trickey A, et al. (2022). Life expectancy of people with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America: A cohort study."}}],"byline":{"authors":[{"id":996,"name":{"display":"Shannon Johnson","first":"Shannon","last":"Johnson"},"link":"/authors/shannon-johnson-996","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eShannon Johnson has a master’s degree in nursing and is certified as a family nurse practitioner. In addition to her clinical experience in adult endocrinology, she is a freelance writer.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/author-placeholder.jpg"}},{"id":2900,"name":{"display":"Amy Murnan","first":"Amy","last":"Murnan"},"link":"/authors/amy-murnan","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eAmy is an inquisitive writer and editor who likes exploring what makes humans tick. She is especially interested in how life experiences affect mental and physical health, from personal relationships to broader social issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreviously, Amy has worked as an editor and content manager for nonprofits and startups. She has a degree in English Literature from Cardiff University, and in her free time, she enjoys reading, painting, and podcasting.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","src":""}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":5474,"name":{"display":"Michaela Murphy, PA-C","first":"Michaela","last":"Murphy, PA-C"},"userLogin":"mmurphy","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/michaela-murphy-pa-c","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eMichaela Murphy is a nationally certified physician assistant with 15 years of experience in infectious disease, primary and urgent care, and women’s health. She is passionate about patient care, research, writing, mental health, and wellness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePhiladelphia University (now Thomas Jefferson University), MS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eUniversity of California, Berkeley, BA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRegistered Yoga Teacher\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBasic Life Support (BLS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Michaela-Murphy-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"id":"mnt-3111768","updateReason":["Language in this article was updated to reflect our commitment to conscious and inclusive language.","The article was updated with additional information to ensure it provides our readers with a comprehensive overview of the topic.","The article was updated with current verified sources and links to relevant information."],"editor":"Amy Murnan","factCheckedBy":"","factCheckers":[],"articleHistory":{"2019-01-30":{"updateReason":[],"editor":"Jamie Smith","medicallyReviewedBy":"Daniel Murrell, MD"},"2024-02-27":{"updateReason":["Language in this article was updated to reflect our commitment to conscious and inclusive language.","The article was updated with additional information to ensure it provides our readers with a comprehensive overview of the topic.","The article was updated with current verified sources and links to relevant information."],"authors":"Shannon Johnson, Amy Murnan","editor":"Amy Murnan","copyEditor":"Matt Ng"},"2024-02-13":{"medicallyReviewedBy":"Michaela Murphy, PA-C"}},"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":null,"display":""},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":1707835249,"display":"February 13, 2024"},"published":{"date":1548874800,"display":"January 30, 2019"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1709044843,"display":"February 27, 2024"},"modified":{"date":1709044868,"display":"February 27, 2024"}},"type":"healthfeature","language":"en"},"readNext":{"items":[{"title":["What are the early signs and symptoms of HIV?"],"text":["With an early diagnosis, effective treatment for HIV is available. 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