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Find the double jquery.js include and remove it."; errorMessage = "<span style='font-size:16px;color:#BC0C06;'>" + errorMessage + "</span>" jQuery(sliderID).show().html(errorMessage); } var tpj=jQuery; var revapi2; tpj(document).ready(function() { if(tpj("#rev_slider_2_1").revolution == undefined){ revslider_showDoubleJqueryError("#rev_slider_2_1"); }else{ revapi2 = tpj("#rev_slider_2_1").show().revolution({ sliderType:"hero", jsFileLocation:"http://brams.cptec.inpe.br/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/", sliderLayout:"auto", dottedOverlay:"none", delay:9000, navigation: { }, gridwidth:1100, gridheight:400, lazyType:"single", shadow:0, spinner:"spinner5", autoHeight:"on", disableProgressBar:"on", hideThumbsOnMobile:"off", hideSliderAtLimit:0, hideCaptionAtLimit:0, hideAllCaptionAtLilmit:0, debugMode:false, fallbacks: { simplifyAll:"off", disableFocusListener:false, } }); } }); /*ready*/ </script> </div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="max-title2"><h2>BRAMS is a numerical modeling system designed for regional scale atmospheric forecasting and research, with focus on atmospheric chemistry, air quality and biogeochemical cycles.</h2></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>BRAMS is based on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) originally developed at CSU/USA. BRAMS software is under a free license (CC-GPL). Currently, it is developed and maintained by CPTEC/INPE, USP and others institutions in Brazil and abroad. BRAMS/RAMS are multipurpose numerical weather prediction models that were designed to simulate atmospheric circulations spanning from hemispheric scales down to large eddy simulations (LES) of the planetary boundary layer. Several new functionalities and modifications were included to improve the numerical representation of key physical processes over tropical and subtropical regions (Freitas et al., 2005, 2009), a complete in-line module for atmospheric chemistry and aerosol processes (Longo et al., 2013), as well as a state-of-the-art model for simulation of atmosphere-surface exchange of water, energy, momentum, carbon and others biogeochemical tracers (Moreira et al., 2013).</p> <p><strong>The current version of BRAMS contains the following additional physical parameterizations:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Radiation: CARMA (Toon et al., 1988) and RRTMG (Iacono et al., 2008) schemes for long- and short-wave, including aerosols effects and coupled with microphysics and convection schemes</li> <li>Microphysics: a double moment from RAMS CSU version, Thompson double moment and aerosol aware (Thompson and Eidhammer, 2014).</li> <li>Convection schemes: Souza (1999) for shallow convection, Grell and Deveny (2002) for deep convection and Grell and Freitas (2014) scale and aerosol aware for deep and shallow convection including convective transport and wet removal of tracers.</li> <li>Turbulence parameterizations: Nakanishi & Nino (2004) TKE based formulation, Taylor’s theory based formulation (Campos Velho, 1998).</li> <li>Surface interaction and carbon cycle: TEB (Town Energy Budget) scheme to simulate urban areas (Freitas et al., 2007) and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) model (Moreira et al. 2013).</li> <li>In-line emission, deposition, transport and chemistry model (CCATT) for atmospheric composition and air pollution studies (Longo et al., 2013).</li> </ul> <p><strong>Besides, BRAMS includes the following features:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Highly accurate and monotonic scheme (Walcek 2000, Freitas et al. 2012) for advection of scalars.</li> <li>Complete, mass conservative formulation for the Exner function prognostic equation (Medvigy et al. 2005).</li> <li>Computational Scalability: high efficiency up to ∼10000 cores with the MPI approach.</li> <li>Digital filter for model initialization.</li> <li>Model output at GrADS format during the model run time.</li> <li>Coupling with the STILT Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Modelling.</li> <li>Output to drive air parcels trajectory model calculation.</li> </ul> <p><strong>And ongoing work includes:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Fire spread model.</li> <li>MATRIX (Bauer et al., 2008) aerosol model.</li> <li>Data assimilation with GSI / 3D-VAR technique.</li> <li>Time integration schemes (Runge-Kutta 3rd order, Adams-Bashforth-Moulton 3rd order, leapfrog with Robert-Asselin-Williams filter 2nd order).</li> <li>Advection schemes (from 2nd to 6th order) with positivity and monotonicity constraints and WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) formulation.</li> <li>Code reformulation for fully compliant with the current FORTRAN standards.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid "><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img src="http://i0.wp.com/brams.cptec.inpe.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/atmosphere.420.jpg?resize=420%2C280" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="atmosphere.420" /></div> </div> </div> <h4 class="subtitle">The atmospheric model</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>BRAMS solves the compressible non-hydrostatic equations described by Tripoli and Cotton (1982) and is equipped with a multiple-grid nesting scheme which allows the model equations to be solved on any number of computational meshes of increasing spatial resolution using an one-way downscalling approach. It has a set of physical parameterizations appropriate for simulating processes such as surface–air exchanges, turbulence, convection, radiation and cloud microphysics.</p> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img src="http://i1.wp.com/brams.cptec.inpe.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/pollution.420.jpg?resize=420%2C280" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="pollution.420" /></div> </div> </div> <h4 class="subtitle">Chemistry and tracer transport</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>CCATT (Longo et al., 2013) is a Eulerian transport model coupled online with BRAMS and developed to simulate the transport, dispersion, chemical transformation and removal processes associated with gases and aerosols. CCATT models the tracer transport online with the simulation of the atmospheric state by BRAMS, using the same dynamical and physical parameterizations. The tracer mass mixing ratio, which is a prognostic variable, includes the effects of sub-grid-scale turbulence in the planetary boundary layer and convective transport by shallow and deep moist convection, in addition to grid-scale advective transport. The model also includes gaseous/aqueous chemistry, photochemistry, scavenging and dry deposition. The CCATT-BRAMS model takes advantage of BRAMS-specific development for the tropics/subtropics as well as the recent availability of preprocessing tools for chemical mechanisms and fast codes for photolysis rates. This on-line coupling of meteorology and chemistry allows the system to be used for simultaneous weather and chemical composition forecasts as well as potential feedback between the two. The entire system is made of three pre-processing software tools for user-defined chemical mechanisms, aerosol and trace gas emissions fields and the interpolation of initial and boundary conditions for meteorology and chemistry.</p> <p>Besides this tool, BRAMS also contains the TEB-SPM (Town Energy Budget – Simple Photochemical Module) scheme, which was designed to simulate urban areas and its interaction with meteorology and air pollution and implemented by the University of São Paulo (Freitas et al., 2007, Freitas et al., 2005).</p> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img src="http://i0.wp.com/brams.cptec.inpe.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/surface.420.jpg?resize=420%2C280" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="surface.420" /></div> </div> </div> <h4 class="subtitle">Land surface processes and carbon cycle</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Integration with the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) resulted in a new system that represents the state of the art in regional atmospheric modeling, including fully coupled chemical processes, aerosols and biogeochemical cycles (Moreira et al., 2013). This development <span class="pb_abstract">provided a significant gain in accuracy in comparison to the LEAF (version 3) surface model originally employed by BRAMS. In addition, the new system significantly increases the ability to simulate processes involving air–surface interactions, due to the JULES’ ability to simulate photosynthesis, respiration and dynamic vegetation, among other processes.</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></section><section class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid "><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img src="http://i0.wp.com/brams.cptec.inpe.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/jules-ccatt-brams.jpg?resize=599%2C425" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="jules-ccatt-brams" /></div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h4 class="subtitle">Interactions between the components (land – atmosphere – chemical composition) of BRAMS</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>For each of BRAMS’ time step, the atmospheric component provides to JULES the current near-surface wind speed, air temperature, pressure, condensed water and downward radiation fluxes, as well as water vapor and trace gas (for example, carbon dioxide and monoxide, methane and volatile organic compounds) mixing ratios. After its processing, JULES advances its state variables over the time step and feeds back to the atmospheric component the sensible and latent heat and momentum surface fluxes, upward short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes, as well as a set of trace gas fluxes.The chemical component performs non biogenic emissions, deposition, transport, chemical reactivity and aerosol processes, including feedbacks to the meteorology, closing the cycle. The image depicts some of the sub-grid scale processes simulated by the three components in the unified (CCATT+JULES) BRAMS model.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></section><section class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid half-white"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="sec-divider"><div class="cir fa-star" style=""></div></div><div class="max-title3"><h2>Software quality</h2></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5 style="text-align: center;">The BRAMS team strives for excellent software quality, following three concepts:</h5> </div> </div> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><article class="icon-box"><i class="fa-puzzle-piece" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Modularity</strong></h4><p>The development team takes a modular approach to code design, allowing users to write and plug in additional modules if necessary.</p></article></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><article class="icon-box"><i class="fa-signal" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Scalability</strong></h4><p>Code optimizations ensure great scalability in several architectures. BRAMS runs on massively parallel supercomputers, clusters, and personal x86 systems.</p></article></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><article class="icon-box"><i class="fa-file-text-o" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Open Source</strong></h4><p>BRAMS is open source and available under the GNU General Public License.</p></article></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid "><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="sec-divider"><div class="cir fa-road" style=""></div></div><div class="max-title3"><h2>Development history</h2></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The BRAMS project was originally developed by ATMET/USA, IME/USP, IAG/USP, and CPTEC/INPE, with funding from the Brazilian agency <em>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos </em> (FINEP). Development of the CCATT-BRAMS, which forms the basis of the current model system, was initiated at the Physics Institute of the University of São Paulo, under the supervision of Professors Maria A. S. Dias and Pedro L. S. Dias. Further improvements were carried out at the NASA Ames Research Center/USA, the University of Orleans/France and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/USA. Currently, the project is developed and maintained by a team at the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies of the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (CPTEC/INPE) in collaboration with several institutions in Brazil and abroad.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></section><section class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid "><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="sec-divider"><div class="cir fa-cloud" style=""></div></div><div class="max-title3"><h2>Operational forecasts at CPTEC</h2></div></div></div></section><section class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid "><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img src="http://i0.wp.com/brams.cptec.inpe.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/cptecbuilding.600.jpg?resize=600%2C600" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="cptecbuilding.600" /></div> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: center;"><sub>Picture provided by INPE.</sub></p> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>BRAMS is one of the models used by CPTEC (Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies) on an operational basis. An older version, CCATT-BRAMS, has been used since 2003 for air quality forecasts in a domain that encompasses the entire South America with a spatial resolution of 25 km. Predictions of gases and aerosols are available in real time at meioambiente.cptec.inpe.br. Starting in 2013, BRAMS 5 has been running operationally on the center’s Tupã supercomputer, using 9600 cores to process regional weather forecasts on a 5km resolution grid that covers the entire South America. The links for the operational forecasts are:</p> <p><a href="http://meioambiente.cptec.inpe.br/" target="_blank">http://meioambiente.cptec.inpe.br/AirQuality</a></p> <p><a href="http://previsaonumerica.cptec.inpe.br/golMapWeb/DadosPages?id=Brams5" target="_blank">http://previsaonumerica.cptec.inpe.br/BRAMS-5km</a></p> <p>Some details about the BRAMS 5 km operation:</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><article class="icon-box"><i class="li_world" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Model domain</strong></h4><p>1360 x 1489 x 55<br /> ~ 10⁸ grid points</p></article><article class="icon-box"><i class="fa-dashboard" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Timestep</strong></h4><p>15 seconds</p></article></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><article class="icon-box"><i class="fa-arrows" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Grid spacing</strong></h4><p>Horizontal: 5km x 5km<br /> Vertical: 50 to 800 meters</p></article><article class="icon-box"><i class="fa-calendar" style=" color:#333333;"></i><h4><strong>Forecast length</strong></h4><p>84 hours twice a day<br /> Starting at 00 and 12 UTC</p></article></div></div></div></div></div></section> </div> </section> <footer id="footer" > <section class="container footer-in"> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="widget"><h5 class="subtitle">About BRAMS</h5> <div class="textwidget"><p>BRAMS is a numerical system aimed at regional scale weather forecasting, with focus on atmosphere chemistry and air quality research.<br /> Based on RAMS, it includes new functionalities and modifications to improve the numerical representation of key physical processes over tropical and subtropical regions.</p> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="widget"> <h5 class="subtitle">Your account</h5> <ul> <li><a href="http://brams.cptec.inpe.br/signin">Log in</a></li>  </ul> </div></div> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="widget"><h5 class="subtitle">Looking for something?</h5><form role="search" action="http://brams.cptec.inpe.br/" method="get" > <div> <input name="s" type="text" placeholder="Enter Keywords..." class="search-side" > </div> </form></div></div> </section> <section class="footbot"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-6">  <div class="footer-navi"> © 2015 Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC/INPE).</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6">  <img src="" width="65" alt=""> </div> </div> </section>  </footer> <span id="scroll-top"><a class="scrollup"><i class="fa-chevron-up"></i></a></span> </div>   <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery(function() { var header = jQuery("#header"); 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