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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical rule for derterming synonyms in botany</div> <p>The <b>Kew Rule</b> was used by some authors to determine the application of synonymous names in botanical nomenclature up to about 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-chron_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was and still is contrary to <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomenclature code">codes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">botanical nomenclature</a> including the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Kewensis" title="Index Kewensis">Index Kewensis</a></i>, a publication that aimed to list all <a href="/wiki/Botanical_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical names">botanical names</a> for <a href="/wiki/Seed_plant" title="Seed plant">seed plants</a> at the ranks of <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>, used the Kew Rule until its <i>Supplement IV</i> was published in 1913 (prepared 1906–1910).<sup id="cite_ref-chron_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kew Rule applied rules of <a href="/wiki/Priority_(biology)" title="Priority (biology)">priority</a> in a more flexible way, so that when transferring a species to a new genus, there was no requirement to retain the epithet of the original species name, and future priority of the new name was counted from the time the species was transferred to the new genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Reveal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reveal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effect has been summarized as "nomenclature used by an established monographer or in a major publication should be adopted".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is contrary to the modern article 11.4 of the Code of Nomenclature.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Rule&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Rule&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The first discussion in print of what was to become known as the Kew Rule appears to have occurred in 1877 between <a href="/wiki/Henry_Trimen" title="Henry Trimen">Henry Trimen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle">Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicolson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicolson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trimen did not think it was reasonable for older names discovered in the literature to destabilize the nomenclature that had been well accepted:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Probably all botanists are agreed that it is very desirable to retain when possible old specific names, but some of the best authors do not certainly consider themselves bound by any generally accepted rule in this matter. Still less will they be inclined to allow that a writer is at liberty, as M. de Candolle thinks, to reject the specific appellations made by an author whose genera are accepted, in favour of older ones in other genera. It will appear to such that to do this is to needlessly create in each case another synonym.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_end">The end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Rule&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The end"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kew_Rule&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first botanical code of nomenclature that declared itself to be binding was the 1906 publication <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Règles internationales de la nomenclature botanique adoptées par le Congres International de Botanique de Vienne 1905</i></span> that followed from the 1905 <a href="/wiki/International_Botanical_Congress" title="International Botanical Congress">International Botanical Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicolson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicolson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kew Rule was outlawed by this code. </p><p>The end of the Kew Rule brought about considerable upheaval in botanical nomenclature. Many new species names were coined to resurrect older epithets, for example, in 1917 <a href="/wiki/Willis_Linn_Jepson" title="Willis Linn Jepson">Willis Jepson</a> wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"The plant so long known as <i><a href="/wiki/Brodiaea_grandiflora" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodiaea grandiflora">Brodiaea grandiflora</a></i> Smith ... [was] first published as <i>Hookera coronaria</i> Salisbury (1806). The correct name, then, is <i>Brodiaea coronaria</i> Jepson, <i><a href="/wiki/N._comb." class="mw-redirect" title="N. comb.">n. comb.</a></i>"</p></blockquote> <p>Names that had previously been <a href="/wiki/Conserved_name" title="Conserved name">conserved</a> to improve the stability of well-known plant names often now no longer required conservation, and other names that had been formed using the Kew Rule and had become well known, were illegitimate. The entire previous list of conserved and rejected names was consequently replaced in 1959 with a reworked list.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously overlooked botanical literature has continued to yield new examples of forgotten older names for more than 100 years since the Kew Rule was banished from the International Code of Nomenclature.<sup id="cite_ref-Reveal_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reveal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Rule&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chron-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chron_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chron_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/IK_chronology.html">"Index Kewensis chronology"</a>. 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href="/wiki/Template:Kew_Gardens" title="Template:Kew Gardens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kew_Gardens" title="Template talk:Kew Gardens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kew_Gardens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kew Gardens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedgebury_National_Pinetum" title="Bedgebury National Pinetum">Bedgebury National Pinetum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Herbarium" title="Kew Herbarium">Kew Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Temperate House, Kew Gardens">Temperate House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Palm House, Kew Gardens">Palm House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Pagoda,_Kew_Gardens" title="Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens">Great Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_Cottage" title="Queen Charlotte's Cottage">Queen Charlotte's Cottage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directors_of_the_Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Botany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_Kewensis" title="Index Kewensis">Index Kewensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a></li> <li><a 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