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text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #BAEEAB;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #D7EEFD;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFC1AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFD8AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #BAEEAB;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #BAEEAB;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #BAEEAB;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EEEEAA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #D7EEFD;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFC1AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFD8AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #BAEEAB;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #BAEEAB;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EEEEAA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #D7EEFD;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFC1AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFD8AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EEEEAA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #D7EEFD;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFC1AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFD8AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EED6BF;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EEEEAA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #D7EEFD;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFC1AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFD8AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F3DFF3;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #d0d0d0;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #EEEEAA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #D7EEFD;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFC1AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #FFD8AA;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F2CFF1;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #000000; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #F08080;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; border-spacing:0; border-collapse:collapse; overflow:hidden; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:7px; height:9px; color:inherit; background: #eeeeee;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:9px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="text-align: right"><small>Lage im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></small></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemischen Elemente</a> mit den <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahlen</a> von 21 bis 30, 39 bis 48, 57 bis 80 und 89 bis 112 werden üblicherweise als <b>Übergangselemente</b> bezeichnet. Da diese Elemente alle <a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> sind, wird auch der Ausdruck <b>Übergangsmetalle</b> benutzt. Dieser Name ist in ihrer Position im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> begründet, da sich dort der Übergang durch die aufeinanderfolgende Zunahme von <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektronen</a> in den <i>d</i>-<a href="/wiki/Atomorbital" title="Atomorbital">Atomorbitalen</a> entlang jeder Periode zeigt. Übergangselemente werden von der <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> definiert als <i>Elemente, die eine unvollständige d-Unterschale besitzen oder <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ionen</a> mit einer unvollständigen <a href="/wiki/D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d-Unterschale</a> ausbilden</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nach dieser strengeren Definition sind die Elemente der <a href="/wiki/Zinkgruppe" title="Zinkgruppe">Zinkgruppe</a> keine Übergangselemente, da sie d<sup>10</sup>-Konfiguration besitzen. Traditionell wird jedoch die einfachere und weniger strikte Definition verwendet. </p> <table class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1" style="margin:1em 0 1em 1em; padding: 0.1em; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; text-align:center; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall"><b>21</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 22: Titan_(Element) (Ti), Übergangsmetall"><b>22</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall"><b>23</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall"><b>24</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall"><b>25</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall"><b>26</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall"><b>27</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall"><b>28</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall"><b>29</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall"><b>30</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall"><b>39</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall"><b>40</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall"><b>41</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall"><b>42</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:black;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>43</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall"><b>44</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall"><b>45</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall"><b>46</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall"><b>47</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall"><b>48</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall"><b>57</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall"><b>72</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall"><b>73</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall"><b>74</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall"><b>75</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall"><b>76</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall"><b>77</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall"><b>78</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:black;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall"><b>79</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid black; color:teal;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall"><b>80</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px solid red; color:black;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv"><b>89</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>104</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>105</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>106</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>107</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>108</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>109</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>110</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>111</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; width: 3em; height:3em; cursor:help; padding:1px; background-color:LightCoral; border:3px dashed red; color:DimGrey;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), Übergangsmetall, radioaktiv, künstlich"><b>112</b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Elektronenkonfiguration"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Elektronenkonfiguration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Chemische_und_physikalische_Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Oxidationszustände"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Oxidationszustände</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Katalytische_Aktivität"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Katalytische Aktivität</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Farbige_Verbindungen"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Farbige Verbindungen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Siehe_auch"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Siehe auch</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Elektronenkonfiguration" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Elektronenkonfiguration"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hauptgruppe" title="Hauptgruppe">Hauptgruppenelemente</a>, die sich im Periodensystem vor den ersten Übergangsmetallen befinden (die Elemente mit den Ordnungszahlen von 1 bis 20), haben keine Elektronen in den <i>d</i>-Orbitalen, sondern nur in den <i>s</i>- und <i>p</i>-Orbitalen (obwohl angenommen wird, dass die leeren <i>d</i>-Orbitale im Verhalten solcher Elemente wie <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Silicium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">Phosphor</a> und <a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel">Schwefel</a> eine Rolle spielen). </p><p>Bei den <i>d</i>-Block-Elementen von <a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> bis <a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a> werden die <i>d</i>-Orbitale entlang der Periode aufgefüllt. Außer <a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Kupfer</a> und <a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Chrom</a> haben alle <i>d</i>-Block-Elemente der 4. Periode zwei Elektronen in ihrem äußeren <i>s</i>-Orbital, selbst Elemente mit unvollständigen 3d-Orbitalen. Das ist ungewöhnlich: niedrigere Orbitale werden normalerweise vor den äußeren Schalen aufgefüllt. Die <i>s</i>-Orbitale in den <i>d</i>-Block-Elementen befinden sich aber in einem niedrigeren Energiezustand als die <i>d</i>-Unterschalen. Da Atome bestrebt sind, einen möglichst niedrigen Energiezustand einzunehmen, werden die <i>s</i>-Schalen zuerst aufgefüllt. Die Ausnahmen bei Chrom und Kupfer – die nur ein Elektron in ihrem äußeren Orbital besitzen – sind durch Elektronenabstoßung begründet. Das Aufteilen der Elektronen auf <i>s</i>- und <i>d</i>-Orbitale führt zu niedrigeren Energiezuständen für die Atome, als zwei Elektronen im äußeren <i>s</i>-Orbital zu platzieren. </p><p>Nicht alle <i>d</i>-Block-Elemente sind Übergangsmetalle. Scandium und Zink passen nicht in die oben angegebene Definition. Scandium hat ein Elektron in seiner <i>d</i>-Unterschale und 2 Elektronen im äußeren <i>s</i>-Orbital. Da das einzige Scandiumion (Sc<sup>3+</sup>) keine Elektronen im <i>d</i>-Orbital hat, kann es natürlich auch kein „teilweise gefülltes“ <i>d</i>-Orbital haben. Ähnliches gilt für Zink, da sein einziges Ion, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, ein vollständig gefülltes <i>d</i>-Orbital hat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemische_und_physikalische_Eigenschaften">Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Übergangselemente zeichnen sich im Allgemeinen durch hohe <a href="/wiki/Zugfestigkeit" title="Zugfestigkeit">Zugfestigkeiten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkte</a> und <a href="/wiki/Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkte</a> aus. So wie andere Eigenschaften der Übergangsmetalle sind auch diese auf die Fähigkeit der Elektronen der <i>d</i>-Orbitale zurückzuführen, innerhalb des Metallgitters delokalisiert zu sein. In metallischen Stoffen sind diese Eigenschaften umso stärker ausgeprägt, je mehr Elektronen zwischen den Kernen aufgeteilt werden. </p><p>Typische Eigenschaften der Übergangsmetalle sind: </p> <ul><li>Sie bilden <a href="/wiki/Farbe" title="Farbe">gefärbte</a> Verbindungen.</li> <li>Sie können sehr viele verschiedene <a href="/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a> einnehmen.</li> <li>Sie sind gute <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatoren</a>.</li> <li>Sie bilden <a href="/wiki/Komplexchemie" title="Komplexchemie">Komplexe</a>.</li> <li>Durch die Teilbesetzung der <i>d</i>-Orbitale können ungepaarte Elektronenspins auftreten, wodurch ein atomares magnetisches Moment entsteht. In diesem Fall zeigen sowohl die reinen Übergangsmetalle als auch deren Verbindungen <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismus" title="Ferromagnetismus">ferromagnetisches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrimagnetismus" title="Ferrimagnetismus">ferrimagnetisches</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagnetismus" title="Antiferromagnetismus">antiferromagnetisches</a> Verhalten.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oxidationszustände"><span id="Oxidationszust.C3.A4nde"></span>Oxidationszustände</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Oxidationszustände" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Oxidationszustände"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datei:Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg&lang=de" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg/langde-700px-Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg/langde-1050px-Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg/langde-1400px-Transition_metal_oxidation_states.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><b>Oxidationsstufen der Übergangsmetall-Verbindungen:</b> Häufige Oxidationszustände sind mit einem ausgefüllten Kreis, seltenere und energetisch ungünstigere Zustände mit einem Ring gekennzeichnet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Im Vergleich zu Elementen der II. Gruppe wie <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> gibt es die Ionen der Übergangselemente in zahlreichen Oxidationszuständen. Calciumatome geben nur zwei Elektronen ab, da sie so eine Edelgaskonfiguration erhalten. Sie liegen somit in der Oxidationsstufe +II vor, wohingegen ein Übergangselement bis zu acht Elektronen abgeben kann. Wenn man die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionisationsenthalpie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionisationsenthalpie (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Ionisationsenthalpien</a> beider Gruppen betrachtet, erkennt man auch den Grund dafür. Die Energie, die zur Entfernung von Elektronen von Calcium notwendig ist, ist niedrig, solange bis man versucht, Elektronen unterhalb seines äußeren <i>s</i>-Orbitals zu entfernen. Ca<sup>3+</sup> hat eine Ionisationsenthalpie, die so hoch ist, dass es normalerweise nicht vorkommt. Übergangselemente wie <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> dagegen haben wegen der geringen Energiedifferenz zwischen den 3d- und 4s-Orbitalen näherungsweise linear ansteigende Ionisationsenthalpien entlang ihrer <i>s</i>- und <i>d</i>-Orbitale. Übergangselemente kommen daher auch mit sehr hohen Oxidationszahlen vor. Im Allgemeinen sind solche Elektronenkonfigurationen bevorzugt, die entweder voll oder halb besetzt sind. </p><p>Entlang einer Periode kann man bestimmte Verhaltensmuster erkennen: </p> <ul><li>Die Anzahl der Oxidationszustände nimmt in der 4. Periode bis zum <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> zu und sinkt dann wieder. Das ist auf die stärkere Anziehungskraft der <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protonen</a> im Kern zurückzuführen, wodurch die Abgabe von Elektronen erschwert wird.</li> <li>Die Elemente in ihren niedrigen Oxidationsstufen kommen normalerweise als einfache Ionen vor. In höheren Oxidationsstufen sind sie üblicherweise kovalent an andere elektronegative Elemente wie <a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> gebunden, oft als <a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">Anionen</a>.</li></ul> <p>Für die Übergangsmetalle der 6. Periode wurde erst kürzlich ein linearer Trend für die maximalen Oxidationsstufen vorhergesagt. Die maximalen Oxidationsstufen von Lanthan bis Osmium nehmen schrittweise von +III nach +VIII zu und fallen anschließend wieder linear ab bis zur Oxidationsstufe +IV für Quecksilber. Diese Vorhersage der maximalen Oxidationsstufen für die 5d-Übergangsmetallreihe wurde durch die Darstellung der Oxidationsstufe +IV für Quecksilber als HgF<sub>4</sub> bestätigt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eigenschaften in Abhängigkeit vom Oxidationszustand: </p> <ul><li>Höhere Oxidationsstufen werden entlang der Periode weniger stabil.</li> <li>Ionen in höheren Oxidationsstufen sind gute Oxidationsmittel, wohingegen Elemente in niedrigen Oxidationsstufen Reduktionsmittel sind.</li> <li>Die (2+)-Ionen beginnen am Anfang der Periode als starke <a href="/wiki/Reduktionsmittel" title="Reduktionsmittel">Reduktionsmittel</a> und werden dann immer stabiler.</li> <li>Die (3+)-Ionen dagegen beginnen stabil und werden dann immer bessere <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" title="Oxidation">Oxidationsmittel</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Katalytische_Aktivität"><span id="Katalytische_Aktivit.C3.A4t"></span>Katalytische Aktivität</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Katalytische Aktivität" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Katalytische Aktivität"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Übergangsmetalle sind gute <a href="/wiki/Homogene_Katalyse" title="Homogene Katalyse">homogene</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Heterogene_Katalyse" title="Heterogene Katalyse">heterogene</a> <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatoren</a>, z. B. ist <a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Eisen</a> der Katalysator für das <a href="/wiki/Haber-Bosch-Verfahren" title="Haber-Bosch-Verfahren">Haber-Bosch-Verfahren</a>. Nickel und Platin werden für die <a href="/wiki/Hydrierung" title="Hydrierung">Hydrierung</a> von Alkenen verwendet. Palladium (Pd) eignet sich gut für katalysierte C-C-<a href="/wiki/Kupplungsreaktion" title="Kupplungsreaktion">Kupplungsreaktionen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Suzuki-Kupplung" title="Suzuki-Kupplung">Suzuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heck-Reaktion" title="Heck-Reaktion">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stille-Kupplung" title="Stille-Kupplung">Stille</a> etc.). Rhodium (Rh), Iridium (Ir) und Ruthenium (Ru) werden z. B. in der asymmetrischen Hydrierung <a href="/wiki/Prochiralit%C3%A4t" title="Prochiralität">prochiraler</a> Moleküle eingesetzt. In den meisten Fällen werden hier Phosphor-Verbindungen als <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">Liganden</a> für die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereokontrolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereokontrolle (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Stereokontrolle</a> eingesetzt. Die bekanntesten Liganden sind z. B. <a href="/wiki/BINAP" title="BINAP">BINAP</a> von R. <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a> (Nobelpreis 2001), <a href="/wiki/DIOP" title="DIOP">DIOP</a> von <a href="/wiki/Henri_Kagan" title="Henri Kagan">Kagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/JosiPhos" class="mw-redirect" title="JosiPhos">JosiPhos</a>/WalPhos, und <a href="/w/index.php?title=DuPhos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuPhos (Seite nicht vorhanden)">DuPhos</a>. Alle genannten Liganden haben gemeinsam, dass sie bidentat und <a href="/wiki/Chelatkomplexe" title="Chelatkomplexe">chelatisierend</a> sind, d. h. zwei Phosphoratome des Liganden binden gleichzeitig an das Metall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Farbige_Verbindungen">Farbige Verbindungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Farbige Verbindungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Farbige Verbindungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg/250px-Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg/375px-Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg/500px-Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Von links nach rechts: In Wasser gelöstes <a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)-nitrat" title="Cobalt(II)-nitrat">Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> (rot); <a href="/wiki/Kaliumdichromat" title="Kaliumdichromat">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a> (orange); <a href="/wiki/Kaliumchromat" title="Kaliumchromat">K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></a> (gelb); <a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)-chlorid" title="Nickel(II)-chlorid">NiCl<sub>2</sub></a> (grün); <a href="/wiki/Kupfer(II)-sulfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupfer(II)-sulfat">CuSO<sub>4</sub></a> (blau); <a href="/wiki/Kaliumpermanganat" title="Kaliumpermanganat">KMnO<sub>4</sub></a> (violett)</figcaption></figure> <p>Wenn sich die Frequenz <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetische_Strahlung" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetische Strahlung">elektromagnetischer Strahlung</a> verändert, können verschiedene <a href="/wiki/Farbe" title="Farbe">Farben</a> wahrgenommen werden. Sie resultieren aus der unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzung von <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a>, nachdem es nach Kontakt mit einem Stoff <a href="/wiki/Reflexion_(Physik)" title="Reflexion (Physik)">reflektiert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(Physik)" title="Transmission (Physik)">transmittiert</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(Physik)" title="Absorption (Physik)">absorbiert</a> wurde – man spricht auch von <a href="/wiki/Remission_(Physik)" title="Remission (Physik)">Remission</a>. Wegen ihrer Struktur bilden Übergangsmetalle viele verschiedene farbige Ionen und Komplexe aus. Die Farben unterscheiden sich sogar bei ein und demselben Element – z. B. MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (Mn in der Oxidationsstufe +7) ist eine violette Verbindung, Mn<sup>2+</sup> ist aber blassrosa. Cr(II)-Verbindungen sind in der Regel blau, Cr(III)-Verbindungen grün, während Cr(VI)-Verbindungen gelb bis orange sind. Komplexbildung kann eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Farbgebung spielen. Die <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">Liganden</a> haben nämlich einen großen Einfluss auf die d-Schale. Sie ziehen teilweise die d-Elektronen an und spalten sie in höhere und niedrigere (in Bezug auf die Energie) Gruppen. Elektromagnetische Strahlung wird nur absorbiert, wenn ihre Frequenz der Energiedifferenz zweier Energiezustände des Atoms entspricht (die Energie des <a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">Photons</a> ist <i>E = hν</i>). Wenn Licht auf ein Atom mit aufgespaltenen d-Orbitalen trifft, werden manche Elektronen in den höheren Zustand angehoben (<a href="/wiki/D-d-%C3%9Cbergang" title="D-d-Übergang">d-d-Übergang</a>). Verglichen mit einem nichtkomplexierten Ion können verschiedene Frequenzen absorbiert werden, und deshalb kann man auch verschiedene Farben beobachten. </p><p>Die Farbe eines Komplexes hängt ab von: </p> <ul><li>der Art des Metallions, genau genommen von der Anzahl der Elektronen in den <i>d</i>-Orbitalen</li> <li>der Anordnung der Liganden um das Metallion (<a href="/wiki/Isomerie#Isomerie_von_Komplexverbindungen" title="Isomerie">Komplexisomere</a> können verschiedene Farben annehmen)</li> <li>der Art der Liganden um das Metallion. Je stärker die Liganden sind, desto größer ist die Energiedifferenz zwischen den beiden aufgespaltenen 3<i>d</i>-Gruppen.</li></ul> <p>Die Komplexe des d-Block-Elements Zink (streng genommen kein Übergangselement) sind farblos, da die 3d-Orbitale vollständig besetzt sind und daher auch keine Elektronen angehoben werden können. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Siehe auch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Siehe auch"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebengruppe" title="Nebengruppe">Nebengruppe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=4078494-0">Literatur von und über Übergangsmetalle</a> im Katalog der <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li> <li><span class="cite">Sebastian Riedel: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psichem.de/research/hos.php"><i>The highest oxidation states of the transition metals.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> Abgerufen am 11. April 2018</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&rft.title=The+highest+oxidation+states+of+the+transition+metals&rft.description=The+highest+oxidation+states+of+the+transition+metals&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psichem.de%2Fresearch%2Fhos.php&rft.creator=Sebastian+Riedel&rft.language=EN"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <i>transition metal.</i> In: <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> (Hrsg.): <i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_Chemical_Terminology" title="Compendium of Chemical Terminology">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a>.</i> The “Gold Book”. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06456">10.1351/goldbook.T06456</a></span> – Version: 2.3.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Xuefang Wang, Lester Andrews, Sebastian Riedel, Martin Kaupp: <i>Mercury is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF4</i>; <a href="/wiki/Angew._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="Angew. Chem.">Angew. Chem.</a> 2007, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200703710">10.1002/ange.200703710</a></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246413598">.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento{color:var(--color-base,#202122)!important}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719073458/http://psichem.de/research/hg.php">Homepage of Dr. Sebastian Riedel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 19. Juli 2011 im <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorien</a> im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <p><span style="background-color:OrangeRed;"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a></span> | <span style="background-color:DarkOrange;"><a href="/wiki/Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a></span> | <span style="background-color:Khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a></span> | <span style="background-color:LightskyBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a></span> | <span style="background-color:Plum;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a></span> | <span style="background-color:Orchid;"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a></span> | <span style="background-color:LightCoral;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Übergangsmetalle</a></span> | <span style="background-color:DarkGray;"><a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a></span> | <span style="background-color:Peru;"><a href="/wiki/Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a></span> | <span style="background-color:LimeGreen;"><a href="/wiki/Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a></span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – Aragonesisch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فلز انتقالي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز انتقالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C3%A7id_metallar" title="Keçid metallar – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Keçid metallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Logam transisi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преходни метали – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Преходни метали" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="অবস্থান্তর ধাতু – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অবস্থান্তর ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prelazni metal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall_de_transici%C3%B3" title="Metall de transició – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall de transició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%B3-d%C3%B4_g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99echodn%C3%A9_kovy" title="Přechodné kovy – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přechodné kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Куçăмлă металсем – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куçăмлă металсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfen_drosiannol" title="Elfen drosiannol – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elfen drosiannol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgangsmetal" title="Overgangsmetal – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Overgangsmetal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Στοιχεία μετάπτωσης – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στοιχεία μετάπτωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Transition metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transirmetalo" title="Transirmetalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Transirmetalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirdemetallid" title="Siirdemetallid – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siirdemetallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trantsizio-metal" title="Trantsizio-metal – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trantsizio-metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%87" title="فلز واسطه – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلز واسطه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirtym%C3%A4metalli" title="Siirtymämetalli – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siirtymämetalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_de_transition" title="Métal de transition – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal de transition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auergungsmetal" title="Auergungsmetal – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Auergungsmetal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal_trasdultach" title="Miotal trasdultach – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal trasdultach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt_trastach" title="Meatailt trastach – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt trastach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transici%C3%B3n" title="Metal de transición – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metal de transición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko-thu_k%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Ko-thu kîm-su̍k – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ko-thu kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8" title="מתכות מעבר – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכות מעבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="संक्रमण धातु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संक्रमण धातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badalte_dhaatu" title="Badalte dhaatu – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Badalte dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prijelazni_metali" title="Prijelazni metali – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prijelazni metali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_tranzisyon_ent%C3%A8n" title="Metal tranzisyon entèn – Haiti-Kreolisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal tranzisyon entèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tmenetif%C3%A9mek" title="Átmenetifémek – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Átmenetifémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Անցումային տարրեր – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անցումային տարրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo_de_transition" title="Metallo de transition – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallo de transition" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam transisi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hli%C3%B0arm%C3%A1lmur" title="Hliðarmálmur – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hliðarmálmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementi_di_transizione" title="Elementi di transizione – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elementi di transizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="遷移元素 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遷移元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/binjimkle" title="binjimkle – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="binjimkle" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam transisi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ауыспалы металдар – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ауыспалы металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%B4_%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="전이 금속 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전이 금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalla_transitionis" title="Metalla transitionis – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalla transitionis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euvergangsmetaal" title="Euvergangsmetaal – Limburgisch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Euvergangsmetaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metai_de_transizzion" title="Metai de transizzion – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metai de transizzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81rejas_met%C4%81li" title="Pārejas metāli – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pārejas metāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panghantar_listrik" title="Panghantar listrik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Panghantar listrik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Преодни метали – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Преодни метали" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സംക്രമണ ലോഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam peralihan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကြားဆက်သတ္တုဒြပ်စင်များ – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြားဆက်သတ္တုဒြပ်စင်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vergangselement" title="Övergangselement – Niederdeutsch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Övergangselement" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niederdeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgangsmetaal" title="Overgangsmetaal – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Overgangsmetaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transisjonsmetall" title="Transisjonsmetall – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Transisjonsmetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innskuddsmetall" title="Innskuddsmetall – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Innskuddsmetall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transicion" title="Metal de transicion – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal de transicion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਅੰਤਰਕਾਲੀ ਧਾਤਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਤਰਕਾਲੀ ਧਾਤਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metale_przej%C5%9Bciowe" title="Metale przejściowe – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metale przejściowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal de transição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_de_tranzi%C8%9Bie" title="Metal de tranziție – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal de tranziție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Переходные металлы – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Переходные металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prelazni metali" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Transition metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prechodn%C3%BD_prvok" title="Prechodný prvok – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prechodný prvok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehodni_element" title="Prehodni element – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prehodni element" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhangande_Rudarikira" title="Nhangande Rudarikira – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nhangande Rudarikira" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_Metal" title="Transitional Metal – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Transitional Metal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Прелазни метал – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прелазни метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96verg%C3%A5ngsmetall" title="Övergångsmetall – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Övergångsmetall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali_ya_mpito" title="Metali ya mpito – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali ya mpito" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாண்டல் உலோகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாண்டல் உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="โลหะทรานซิชัน – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะทรานซิชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%A7i%C5%9F_metali" title="Geçiş metali – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geçiş metali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Перехідні метали – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перехідні метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_chuy%E1%BB%83n_ti%E1%BA%BFp" title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="过渡金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="איבערגאנג מעטאל – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איבערגאנג מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="过渡金属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="過渡金屬 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="過渡金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2e-t%C5%8D%CD%98_kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="過渡金屬 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="過渡金屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19588#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 19. 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