CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB" class="no-js"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/low-carbon-footprint-with-renewables/","20190709075332","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1562658812"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.km3net.org/xmlrpc.php">  <title>Low-carbon footprint using renewable energy sources – KM3NeT</title> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://fonts.googleapis.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://s.w.org/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="KM3NeT » Feed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/feed/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="KM3NeT » Comments Feed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/comments/feed/"/> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190709075332\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190709075332\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190709075332\/https:\/\/www.km3net.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=8b2b58a1bac25e4c67d200cd9c13d3e4"}}; !function(a,b,c){function d(a,b){var c=String.fromCharCode;l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,a),0,0);var d=k.toDataURL();l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,b),0,0);var e=k.toDataURL();return d===e}function e(a){var b;if(!l||!l.fillText)return!1;switch(l.textBaseline="top",l.font="600 32px Arial",a){case"flag":return!(b=d([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819]))&&(b=d([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]),!b);case"emoji":return b=d([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340]),!b}return!1}function f(a){var c=b.createElement("script");c.src=a,c.defer=c.type="text/javascript",b.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(c)}var g,h,i,j,k=b.createElement("canvas"),l=k.getContext&&k.getContext("2d");for(j=Array("flag","emoji"),c.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},i=0;i<j.length;i++)c.supports[j[i]]=e(j[i]),c.supports.everything=c.supports.everything&&c.supports[j[i]],"flag"!==j[i]&&(c.supports.everythingExceptFlag=c.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&c.supports[j[i]]);c.supports.everythingExceptFlag=c.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!c.supports.flag,c.DOMReady=!1,c.readyCallback=function(){c.DOMReady=!0},c.supports.everything||(h=function(){c.readyCallback()},b.addEventListener?(b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",h,!1),a.addEventListener("load",h,!1)):(a.attachEvent("onload",h),b.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===b.readyState&&c.readyCallback()})),g=c.source||{},g.concatemoji?f(g.concatemoji):g.wpemoji&&g.twemoji&&(f(g.twemoji),f(g.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=8b2b58a1bac25e4c67d200cd9c13d3e4" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="theme-fonts-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,500,700" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="bs3-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/bootstrap-3.3.4/css/bootstrap.css?ver=20150324" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="lightbox-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/lightbox/css/lightbox.css?ver=20150731" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="owl-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.css?ver=20141010" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="animations-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/animate.css?ver=20141010" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="fontawesome-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/font-awesome-4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=20151010" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="theme-style-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332cs_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/style.css?ver=8b2b58a1bac25e4c67d200cd9c13d3e4" type="text/css" media="all"/>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.km3net.org/wp-json/"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.km3net.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://www.km3net.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/low-carbon-footprint-with-renewables/"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/?p=3701"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.km3net.org%2Fkm3net-infradev%2Flow-carbon-footprint-with-renewables%2F"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.km3net.org%2Fkm3net-infradev%2Flow-carbon-footprint-with-renewables%2F&format=xml"/> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <link rel="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332im_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-km3net_logo-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332im_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-km3net_logo-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332im_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-km3net_logo-180x180.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-km3net_logo-270x270.png"/> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-3701 page-child parent-pageid-3408 mobile"> <header> <div class="container">  <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <ul id="top_menu" class="nav nav-pills pull-right">  <li role="presentation" class="social"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/http://wiki.km3net.de/index.php/Main_Page" target="_blank">Internal</a></li> <li role="presentation" class="social"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/contact"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></span> Contacts</a></li> <li class="social" role="presentation"><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.facebook.com/KM3NeT"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li class="social" role="presentation"><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://twitter.com/km3net"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li class="social" role="presentation"><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://instagram.com/km3net/?ref=badge"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li class="social" role="presentation"><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/user/KM3NeTneutrino"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="row"> <div id="logo" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332im_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/images/logo.png" alt=""/> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9 col-md-9 col-lg-9 p10h"> <p>Opens a new window</p> <p>on our universe</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container no-p mob-p"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul id="primary_menu" class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-13" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-13"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org//">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-16"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/">About KM3NeT</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-124"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/">Collaboration</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-132"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/organization/">Organisation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-131"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/members/">Member Institutes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4254" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4254"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/early-career-scientists-in-km3net/">Early-career scientists in KM3NeT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1163"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2800"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/publications/">Publications</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2796" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2796"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/publications/general-publications/">General publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-127" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-127"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/publications/pubblication/">Papers and proceedings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1224" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1224"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/publications/project-documentation/">Project Documentation (protected)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4240" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4240"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/code-of-conduct-and-ethical-behaviour/">Code of Conduct and Ethical behaviour</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3579"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/diversity-in-km3net/">Diversity in KM3NeT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2795"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/open-access/">Open access</a></li> <li id="menu-item-128" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-128"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/related-projects/">Related projects</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-14" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-14"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/">Research</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-57" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-57"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/physics/">Science</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-795"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/physics/astronomy-with-arca/">Astroparticle physics with ARCA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-794"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/physics/particle-physics-with-orca/">Particle physics with ORCA</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1423" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1423"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/research-infrastructure/">Research Infrastructure</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-55" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-55"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/detector/">The detectors</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-92" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-92"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/detector/sensors/">The sensors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-89"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/detector/deep-sea-network/">The deep-sea network</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-86" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/research-infrastructure/km3net-fr-site/">KM3NeT-Fr</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/research-infrastructure/km3net-it-site/">KM3NeT-It</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-87"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/research-infrastructure/km3net-gr-site/">KM3NeT-Gr</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-90" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-90"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/detector/deployment-and-installation/">Deployment and installation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-91" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-91"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/detector/on-line-detector-control/">Detector control and data acquisition</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-52" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/computing/">Computing model</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/earth-sea-sciences/">Earth & Sea Sciences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4069" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4069"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/news-media/">News & media</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-137" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-137"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/category/news/">Recent News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1781"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/category/press-releases/">Press releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3196" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3196"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/category/in-the-media/">In the media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1290"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/category/archive/">News Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3190" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3190"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-134"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/category/events/">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4073" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4073"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/">Pictures, videos & outreach</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4025"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/picture-galleries/">Picture galleries</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4055"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/picture-galleries/album-artists-impressions/">Album: Artist’s impressions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4058" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4058"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/picture-galleries/album-optical-module/">Album: Optical module</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4057"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/picture-galleries/album-launcher-of-optical-modules/">Album: Launcher of Optical Modules</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4059"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/picture-galleries/album-events/">Album: Reconstructed neutrino or muon events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4056" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4056"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/picture-galleries/album-collaboration/">Album: Collaboration</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4054"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/video-playlists/">Video playlists</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4049" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4049"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL9OR_-tW5qOtfZigqVpzMmTSwkMjCT1s">Sea operations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4050" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4050"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxEdQ-sTaxQ&list=PLL9OR_-tW5qPsvvCvXWE6lNnzPck8wdpT">Detector construction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4051" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4051"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1EyCnduYyU&list=PLL9OR_-tW5qMNPnJZiewN2psT5G2KVHMb">Event reconstruction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4052" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4052"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yOBoR-Qvxs&list=PLL9OR_-tW5qOjzBvCAeW6sHySfr3Dw1mR">Researchers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4053"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv56nOURPVU&list=PLL9OR_-tW5qMGP5FuR8HSv063xxeJr4nA">Made by others</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4089" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4089"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/brochures/">Exhibition material</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4160" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4160"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/arts/">Arts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4101" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4101"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/outreach-events/">Outreach events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4123"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/pictures-and-videos/copyright/">Copyright</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-3429"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/">KM3NeT-INFRADEV</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3580" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3580"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/project-outputs/">Project outputs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3581"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/outreach-material/">Outreach material and events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3714" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3714"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/a-legal-entity-for-km3net/">A legal entity for KM3NeT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3713"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/outreach-and-communications-policy/">Outreach and communications policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3721" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3721"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/open-access-to-km3net-data/">Open access to KM3NeT data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3715" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3715"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/societal-role-societal-impact/">Societal role, societal impact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3720"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/km3net-in-the-global-context/">KM3NeT in the global context</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3719" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3719"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/multi-messenger-astronomy/">Multi-messenger astronomy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3718" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3718"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/ports-for-external-users-of-the-km3net-infrastructure/">Ports for external users of the KM3NeT infrastructure</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3717"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/technology-transfer-and-innovation/">Technology transfer and innovation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-3701 current_page_item menu-item-3716"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/low-carbon-footprint-with-renewables/" aria-current="page">Low-carbon footprint using renewable energy sources</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="search" class="pull-right"> <li><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/"> <label>  <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="" value="" name="s" title="Cerca:"/> </label>  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> </form></li> </ul> </div>  </div> </nav> </header>  <div id="main" class="animated fadeIn"> <div class="container-fluid no-p mob-p"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div id="banner" class="bg_primary mob-m"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 title"> <h1 class="entry-title">Low-carbon footprint using renewable energy sources</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="breadcrumbs" class="bg_primary p5h mob-m"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row p20h m10h"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 col-lg-9"> <article id="post-3701" class="post-3701 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <div class="content"> <p>In the context of the KM3NeT INFRADEV project, a plan will be made for making the three installation sites of KM3NeT carbon neutral facilities using renewable energy sources. The possible technological solutions, legal issues, collaboration opportunities and funding schemes will be investigated.</p> <p>Increasing awareness of the adverse impact that conventional energy production can have on the environment has led KM3NeT to explore the possibility of becoming a low-carbon footprint facility using renewable energy sources. The ultimate goal foresees the use of three installation sites, namely Toulon (FR), Capo Passero (IT), and Pylos GR), each with 2 building blocks of detectors. Each block consists of 115 Detection Units, each of which contains 18 Digital Optical Modules. The energy requirement for each block is estimated to about 27kW.</p> <h5>Energy requirement of KM3NeT</h5> <p>For each installation site, the energy requirement, including 2 building blocks, and the shore station is below 150kW. For 24 hours operation, 7 days a week, this translates to 1,3GWh per year. This amount of energy, can be easily supplied by either wind turbines or solar panels, which means that KM3NeT can easily become the first large scale infrastructure with an almost zero-carbon footprint using renewable energy sources.</p> <h5>Using wind</h5> <p>The average wind profile for all 3 installation sites is quite favourable for electric power generation from the wind. The wind speed in the 3 sites varies throughout the year, and the average speed is between 710m/s. At such wind speeds, wind turbines are capable of delivering the required power. Indeed, it has already been explored commercially, as in the Pylos site, for instance there exists a wind turbine farm within a few kilometres from the shore station. The required power can be easily delivered by turbines rated at 600kW in each site, which at average market values means an investment of about 1200k€ per site, including estimates for the related infrastructure and installation space.</p> <h5>Using solar panels</h5> <p>Solar panels could be an alternative solution to wind, as the Mediterranean area benefits from significant sunshine throughout the year. Typically, sunshine ranges from 4 hours in the winter to 12 hours in the summer, which averages out to around 8 hours of sunshine in a year. Solar panels rated at 150W which are common, would provide 1,2kWh of power per day averaged throughout the year. With a conservative downscaling to 1kWh, this would translate to around 4500 square metres of solar panels per site to provide the necessary 1,3GWh per year. At a current cost of 1.2–2€ per watt, each site would need an investment of 800–1200k€ for the solar panels, plus the cost of the installation site. The above mentioned costs are quite reasonable and manageable, taking into account that they correspond to a few percent of the total cost of KM3NeT.</p> <p>With infrastructure lifetimes greater than 20 years and the wide availability of different options and solutions in the market, it is an attractive solution for the energy needs of the experiment. In addition, the proliferation of wind and solar panel energy parks in all 3 countries in question, means that there is a distinct possibility to liaise with existing such facilities and/or collaborate with local and regional authorities to enlarge the scope of such a facility for the benefit of the broader community/region.</p> <h5>Feasibility of tide or waves</h5> <p>Feasibility study for the development of a tidal or wave energy system able to supply the on shore and off shore infrastructure will be approached. The study will take into consideration the technology, the size (power) of the system, the installation site and type. This system could be developed in cooperation with the local authority and / or electrical power companies. As three sites are involved, separate parallel activities will have to be planned.</p> <p>See also “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/D10.1-KM3NeT-power-companies-report.pdf">Report on contacts/discussions with power companies/local authorities/potential partners</a>“and “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/D10.2-KM3NeT-zero-carbon-legal-issues.pdf">Report on Carbon legal issues</a>“.</p> <p><em>In due time, other project outputs <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/project-outputs/">will be published</a>, comprising: “Report related with the feasibility study and the chosen solution for each site” and “Report on funding proposals and plans for the future”.</em></p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> </footer> </article> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3">  <ul id="menu_page" class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li><h4>KM3NeT-INFRADEV</h4></li> <li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/project-outputs/">Project outputs</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/outreach-material/">Outreach material and events</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/a-legal-entity-for-km3net/">A legal entity for KM3NeT</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/outreach-and-communications-policy/">Outreach and communications policy</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/open-access-to-km3net-data/">Open access to KM3NeT data</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/societal-role-societal-impact/">Societal role, societal impact</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/km3net-in-the-global-context/">KM3NeT in the global context</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/multi-messenger-astronomy/">Multi-messenger astronomy</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/ports-for-external-users-of-the-km3net-infrastructure/">Ports for external users of the KM3NeT infrastructure</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/technology-transfer-and-innovation/">Technology transfer and innovation</a></li><li class="active" role="presentation"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/km3net-infradev/low-carbon-footprint-with-renewables/">Low-carbon footprint using renewable energy sources</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { //Add buttons lightbox and download $(".size-thumbnail").each(function(){ var full_image = $(this).attr('src').replace('-180x180', ''); var caption = full_image.replace(/^.*\/|\.[^.]*$/g, ''); var html_block = ' <div class="links animated fadeInDown">'; html_block += ' <a href="'+full_image+'" title="KM3NeT - '+caption+'" alt="Show" data-lightbox="hp_media"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/images/plus_btn.png" /></a>'; html_block += ' <a href="'+full_image+'" title="KM3NeT - Download" alt="Download" target="_self" download="'+caption+'"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/images/download_btn.png" /></a>'; html_block += ' </div>'; $(this).unwrap().wrap("<div class='media_img'>"+html_block+"</div>"); }) }) </script> </div> </div>  </div> </div>  <div id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row p20h"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-4 col-lg-5 footer-box"> <h3><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332im_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/images/logo_footer.png" alt="KM3NeT"/></h3> <p> KM3NeT collaboration - All Rights Reserved<br>  </p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 footer-box p30w"> <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul id="footer_menu" class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-24" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-24"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org//"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> About KM3NeT</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/research/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2793"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/open-access/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> Open access</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/news-media/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/about-km3net/collaboration/contact/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-3458"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/legal-notice/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right"></span> Legal Notice</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-lg-3 footer-box p30w"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.km3net.org/contact"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.facebook.com/KM3NeT"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://twitter.com/km3net"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://instagram.com/km3net/?ref=badge"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332/https://www.youtube.com/user/KM3NeTneutrino"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/bootstrap-3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=20150324"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/lightbox/js/lightbox-plus-jquery.min.js?ver=20150731"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/lib/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js?ver=20150324"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var GLOBAL_JS = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-content/themes/km3net/js/main.js?ver=20141212"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709075332js_/https://www.km3net.org/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=8b2b58a1bac25e4c67d200cd9c13d3e4"></script> </body> </html>