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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics and government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics and government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Subdivisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_and_telecommunication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_and_telecommunication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Internet and telecommunication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_and_telecommunication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Holidays and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pahang</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phang" title="Phang – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Phang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%BA" title="فهغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فهغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahanq" title="Pahanq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pahanq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="পাহাং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাহাং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang,_Malaysia" title="Pahang, Malaysia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pahang, Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Паханг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Паханг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahangi_osariik" title="Pahangi osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pahangi osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahango" title="Pahango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pahango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پاهانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاهانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%95%AD%EC%A3%BC" title="파항주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파항주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पाहांग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाहांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang_(negara_bagian)" title="Pahang (negara bagian) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pahang (negara bagian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פהנג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פהנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="პაჰანგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაჰანგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahangas" title="Pahangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pahangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Паханг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Паханг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="പഹാങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഹാങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पाहांग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाहांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پاهانگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاهانگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang_(staat)" title="Pahang (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pahang (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="パハン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パハン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang_(Bundesstoot)" title="Pahang (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pahang (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پاہانگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاہانگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A3o_(Mal%C3%A1sia)" title="Pão (Malásia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pão (Malásia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang_suyu" title="Pahang suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pahang suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Паханг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паханг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Паханг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паханг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="பகாங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகாங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="รัฐปะหัง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐปะหัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Паханг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паханг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پاہانگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاہانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E4%BA%A8" title="彭亨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彭亨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E4%BA%A8" title="彭亨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彭亨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E4%BA%A8" title="彭亨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彭亨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pahang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div 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phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ISO_639_codes" title="Lists of ISO 639 codes">ISO 639 code</a>. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used. <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>. (June 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Malaysia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Pahang</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Pahang Darul Makmur <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>ڤهڠ دار المعمور‎</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">ڤهڠ‎</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">彭亨 Péng hēng (<a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">பகாங் Pakāṅ (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">Transliteration</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pahang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Pahang"><img alt="Flag of Pahang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/100px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/150px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/200px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Pahang">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Pahang"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pahang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="438" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Pahang">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latif" title="Latif">Ya Latif</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">يا لطيف‎ O God the Gentle<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Allah_Selamatkan_Sultan_Kami" title="Allah Selamatkan Sultan Kami">Allah Selamatkan Sultan Kami</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">الله سلامتکن سلطان کامي‎ Allah, Save Our Sultan <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Lagu_Rasmi_Pahang_-_Allah_Selamatkan_Sultan_Kami.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Lagu_Rasmi_Pahang_-_Allah_Selamatkan_Sultan_Kami.ogg/Lagu_Rasmi_Pahang_-_Allah_Selamatkan_Sultan_Kami.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Lagu_Rasmi_Pahang_-_Allah_Selamatkan_Sultan_Kami.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg/250px-Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg/375px-Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg/500px-Pahang_in_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   Pahang in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_69f1a751d88d2e67103241066b223ec0863f38f1"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Pahang&revid=1275718398&groups=_69f1a751d88d2e67103241066b223ec0863f38f1" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Pahang&revid=1275718398&groups=_69f1a751d88d2e67103241066b223ec0863f38f1 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pahang&params=3_45_N_102_30_E_type:adm1st_region:MY_dim:200000">3°45′N 102°30′E / 3.750°N 102.500°E / 3.750; 102.500</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of capitals in Malaysia">Capital</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(and largest city) </th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Royal capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pekan,_Pahang" title="Pekan, Pahang">Pekan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Pahang" title="Abdullah of Pahang">Abdullah</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Pahang" title="Menteri Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">35,965 km2 (13,886 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Tahan" title="Mount Tahan">Mount Tahan</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,187 m (7,175 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2015)<a href="#cite_note-2015_population-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,623,200</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">45/km2 (120/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pahangite, Pahangese, Pahanese (Football team fans slang)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2010)<a href="#cite_note-2010_census-4">[4]</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a>: 70%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a>: 15%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian</a>: 4%</li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a>: 4.8%</li> <li>Non-Malaysian citizen: 4.9%</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Semai_language" title="Semai language">Semai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Semelai_language" title="Semelai language">Semelai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Temiar_language" title="Temiar language">Temiar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jah_Hut_language" title="Jah Hut language">Jah Hut</a> • Other <a href="#Languages">ethnic minority languages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">State Index<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.803 (very high) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">9th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">TFR</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">2.2<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • GDP <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2016)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">RM</a>50,875 million<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Standard Time">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (not observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Malaysia">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">25xxx to 28xxx, 39xxx, 49000, 69000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malaysia" title="Telephone numbers in Malaysia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">09 (Pahang except as noted) 05 (<a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a>) 03 (<a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">MY-06</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_vehicle_license_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian vehicle license plates">C</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Modern Sultanate</th><td class="infobox-data">1881</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federated into <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">FMS</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1895</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1942</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accession into the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya</th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1957</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federated as part of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pahang.gov.my">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191346#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Pahang (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Malay pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[paˈhaŋ]</a>; Pahang Hulu Malay: Paha, Pahang Hilir Malay: Pahaeng, Ulu Tembeling Malay: Pahaq), officially Pahang Darul Makmur with the Arabic honorific Darul Makmur (Jawi: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">دار المعمور‎, "The Abode of Tranquility") is a <a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">sultanate</a> and a <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">federal state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. It is the third largest state in the country and the largest state in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, and the ninth most populous.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a> The state occupies the <a href="/wiki/River_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="River basin">basin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a>, and a stretch of the east coast as far south as <a href="/wiki/Endau" title="Endau">Endau</a>. The state borders the Malaysian states of <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> to the south, with the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> is to the east. Pahang is separated from the west coast states by the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Mountains</a> that forms a natural divider between the peninsula's east and west coasts from north to south, and from Terengganu in the east by the <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Timur_Range" title="Pantai Timur Range">Pantai Timur Range</a>. The state's highest elevation culminates at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tahan" title="Mount Tahan">Mount Tahan</a> in the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Tahan_Range" title="Tahan Range">Tahan Range</a>, which is 2,187 metres (7,175 ft) high. Although two thirds of the state is covered by dense rain forest, its central plains are intersected by numerous rivers, and along the coast there is a 32-kilometre (20 mi) wide expanse of alluvial soil that includes the deltas and estuarine plains of the <a href="/wiki/Kuantan_River" title="Kuantan River">Kuantan</a>, Pahang, <a href="/wiki/Rompin_River" title="Rompin River">Rompin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endau_River" title="Endau River">Endau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mersing_River" title="Mersing River">Mersing</a> Rivers.<a href="#cite_note-Y._Tachikawa_2004-6">[6]</a> The state is divided into 11 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">districts</a> (daerah) – Pekan, Rompin, Maran, Temerloh, Jerantut, Bentong, Raub, Lipis, Cameron Highlands and Bera. The largest district is Jerantut, which is the main gateway to the <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara" title="Taman Negara">Taman Negara</a> national park. Pahang's capital and largest city, <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, is the eighth largest urban area by population in Malaysia. The royal capital and the official seat of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan of Pahang</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Pekan,_Pahang" title="Pekan, Pahang">Pekan</a>. Pekan was also the old state capital and its name translates literally into 'the town', it was known historically as '<a href="/wiki/Inderapura" title="Inderapura">Inderapura</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_2-7">[7]</a> Other major towns include <a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentong" title="Bentong">Bentong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerantut" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerantut">Jerantut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lipis" title="Kuala Lipis">Kuala Lipis</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Hill_station" title="Hill station">hill resorts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tinggi,_Pahang" title="Bukit Tinggi, Pahang">Bukit Tinggi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a>. The head of state is the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan of Pahang</a>, while the head of government is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a>. The government system is closely modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster parliamentary system</a>. The <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> of Pahang is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, but allows other religions in its territory. Archaeological evidence shows that humans have inhabited the area that is now Pahang since as early as the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> age. The early settlements gradually developed into an ancient maritime trading state by the 3rd century.<a href="#cite_note-Munoz-8">[8]</a> In the 5th century, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Pahang Kingdom</a> sent envoys to the <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song</a> court. During the time of <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat_Kingdom" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom">Ligor</a>, Pahang was one of the <a href="/wiki/Naksat_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Naksat cities">outlying dependencies</a>. In the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a> became an autonomous kingdom within the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>. Pahang entered into a <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">dynastic union</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a> in the early 17th century and later emerged as an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">kingdom</a> in the late 18th century. Following the bloody <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Civil_War" title="Pahang Civil War">Pahang Civil War</a> that concluded in 1863, the state under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Mua%27zzam_Shah_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Mua'zzam Shah of Pahang (page does not exist)">Tun Ahmad</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Bendahara dynasty</a>, was eventually restored as a sultanate in 1881. In 1895, Pahang became a <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">British protectorate</a> along with Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Pahang and other states of <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> were <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">occupied</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> from 1941 to 1945. After the war, Pahang became part of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> before being absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> which gained full independence from the British. Modern Pahang is an economically important state with main activities in the services, manufacturing and agricultural sectors. As part of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Economic_Region" title="East Coast Economic Region">East Coast Economic Region</a>, it is a key region for the manufacturing sector, with the local logistics support network serving as a hub for the east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Over the years, the state has attracted much investment, both local and foreign, in the mineral sector. Important mineral exports include iron ore, gold, <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>. Malaysia's substantial oil and natural gas fields lie offshore in the South China Sea. At one time, timber resources also brought much wealth to the state. Large-scale development projects have resulted in the clearing of hundreds of square miles of land for <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">oil palm</a> and rubber plantations and the resettling of several hundred thousand people in new villages under federal agencies and institutions like <a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Development_Authority" title="Federal Land Development Authority">FELDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/FELCRA_Berhad" title="FELCRA Berhad">FELCRA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubber_Industry_Smallholders_Development_Authority" title="Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority">RISDA</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> word for <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> is pāhang<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> (ប៉ាហាំង) and it is phonetically identical to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">ڤهڠ‎ (note that the <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a> spelling, literally, "phŋ", deviates<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> from modern <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka</a> rules although its sound is unmistakably /paahaŋ/, note that the long ā sound is not explicitly rendered or stressed in old Jawi, just like ڤد). Since the tin mines at <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Lembing" title="Sungai Lembing">Sungai Lembing</a> had been known since ancient times and that the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> was within the sphere of influence of Khmer civilisation, William Linehan hypothesized<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_2-7">[7]</a> that the name of the state was named after the Khmer word for tin (note that tin-rich <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> is also etymologically linked to tin). This lexemic starting point can be used to explain other derivatives terms such as the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a>, Mahang the place (name given to Pahang by <a href="/wiki/Jakuns" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakuns">Jakuns</a>), Mahang the tree (<a href="/wiki/Macaranga" title="Macaranga">Macaranga</a>, a common tree species in secondary forests, likely named after the toponym of the same phoneme).<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_2-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Proto-Malay" title="Proto-Malay">Proto-Malays</a> of Sungai Bebar who interacted with Trito-Malays likely acquired the term from their city counterparts. The theories that the state was named after the river or tree are unsatisfactory as they do not explain how the river or the tree got their names.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] There were many variations of the name Pahang outside the <a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a>. For examples, <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> author Zhao Rukuo 趙汝适 wrote in Zhufanzhi 諸蕃志 (circa 1225) that Phong-hong (蓬豐 romanised according to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> dialect since Zhao was from Quanzhou) was a dependency of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>. The transition from Inderapura to Pahang, approximately around the Song period indicates that Khmer influence on the state was weakened and displaced by that of Srivijaya and <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, Pahang was known as Phenn-Khenn 彭坑 in Daoyi Zhilue 島夷志略 (circa 1349), and in Ming Shilu 明實錄 (circa 1378), it was transliterated as Pen-Heng 湓亨, and in Haiguo Wenjianlu 海國聞見錄 (circa 1730), compiled in the Qing period, Pahang was transliterated as 邦項 (Pang-hang). <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">Europeans</a>, transliterated Pahang to Pam, Pan, Paam, Paon, Phaan, Phang, Paham, Pahan, Pahaun, Phaung, Phahangh.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_2-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Pahang</a> 5–15th century <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg/23px-White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg/35px-White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg/46px-White_Flag_of_the_Malay_Sultanates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a> 1470–1623 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor_%281855%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Old Johor Sultanate</a> 1623–1770 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Pahang_%281853_-_1887%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang_%281853_-_1887%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Pahang_%281853_-_1887%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang_%281853_-_1887%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Pahang_%281853_-_1887%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang_%281853_-_1887%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">Pahang Kingdom</a> 1770–1881 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a> 1895–1941 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Empire of Japan</a> 1942–1945 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> 1946–1948 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> 1948–1963 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> 1963–present </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory">edit</a>]</div> Archaeological evidence shows that humans have inhabited the area that is now Pahang since as early as the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>. Relics of a of Mesolithic civilisation that used using paleolithic implements have been found at Gunung Senyum. Chipped Paleolithic artefacts without traces of polishing have been discovered at <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Lembing" title="Sungai Lembing">Sungai Lembing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, from the remains of a 6,000 years old civilisation.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_3-12">[12]</a> Traces of <a href="/wiki/Hoabinhian" title="Hoabinhian">Hoabinhian</a> culture are represented by a number of limestone cave sites.<a href="#cite_note-harvnb|Benjamin||pp=88–89-13">[13]</a> Late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> relics are abundant, including polished tools, quoit discs, stone ear pendants, stone bracelets and cross-hatched bark pounders.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_3-12">[12]</a> By around 400 BCE, the development of bronze casting led to the flourishing of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn culture">Đông Sơn culture</a>, notably for its elaborate <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Đông Sơn drums">bronze war drums</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The early <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">iron civilisation</a> in Pahang that began around the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> is associated by prehistorians with the late neolithic culture. Relics from this era, found along the rivers are particularly numerous in the Tembeling Valley, which served as the old main northern highway of communication. Ancient <a href="/wiki/Gold_working" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold working">gold workings</a> in Pahang are thought to date back to this early Iron Age as well.<a href="#cite_note-harvnb|Benjamin||pp=88–89-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu-Buddhist_Era">Hindu-Buddhist Era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hindu-Buddhist Era">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Pahang Kingdom</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang,_Pulau_Tioman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang%2C_Pulau_Tioman.jpg/250px-Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang%2C_Pulau_Tioman.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang%2C_Pulau_Tioman.jpg/375px-Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang%2C_Pulau_Tioman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang%2C_Pulau_Tioman.jpg/500px-Mao_Kun_map_-_Pahang%2C_Pulau_Tioman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>The 17th century <a href="/wiki/Mao_Kun_map" title="Mao Kun map">Mao Kun map</a> based on the early 15th century navigation maps of <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> showing <a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a> estuary (彭杭港), Pulau Siribuat (石礁) and <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a> (苧麻山).</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Kra_Isthmus" title="Kra Isthmus">Kra Isthmus</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> and its peripheries are recognised by historians as the cradle of Malayic civilisations.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Primordial Malayic kingdoms are described as tributaries to <a href="/wiki/Funan_(Southeast_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Funan (Southeast Asia)">Funan</a> by the 2nd century Chinese sources.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Ancient settlements in Pahang can be traced from Tembeling to as far south as Merchong. Their tracks can also be found in the deep hinterland of Jelai, along the <a href="/wiki/Chini_Lake" title="Chini Lake">Chini Lake</a>, and up to the head-waters of the <a href="/wiki/Rompin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rompin">Rompin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> One such settlement was identified as Koli in <a href="/wiki/Geographia_(Ptolemy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographia (Ptolemy)">Geographia</a> or Kiu-Li, centred on the estuary of <a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a>, that flourished in the 3rd century CE. It possessed an important international port, where many foreign ships stopped to barter and resupply.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In common with most of the states in the Malay Peninsula during that time, Kiu-Li was in contact with <a href="/wiki/Funan" title="Funan">Funan</a>. The Chinese records mention that an embassy sent to Funan by the Indian King Murunda sailed from Kiu-Li's port (between 240 and 245 CE). Murunda presented to the Funanese King Fan Chang four horses from the <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a>) stud farms.<a href="#cite_note-Munoz-8">[8]</a> By the middle of the 5th century, a polity suggested to be ancient Pahang, was described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Song" title="Book of Song">Book of Song</a> as Pohuang or Panhuang (婆皇). The king of Pohuang, She-li Po-luo-ba-mo ('Sri Bhadravarman'), was recorded to have sent an envoy to the <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song</a> court in 449–450. In 456–457, another envoy of the same country arrived at the Chinese capital, <a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guy_2014_29-19">[19]</a> This ancient Pahang is believed to had been established later as a <a href="/wiki/Mueang" title="Mueang">mueang</a><a href="#cite_note-Rajani_1987_87-20">[20]</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mandala_(political_model)" title="Mandala (political model)">mandala</a> of <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kedah_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedah Kingdom">Kedah</a> centred in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Patani_(historical_region)" title="Patani (historical region)">Patani</a> region that rose to prominence with the regression of Funan from the 6th century.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> By the beginning of the 8th century, Langkasuka-Kedah came under the military and political hegemony of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In the 11th century, the power vacuum left by the collapse of Srivijaya was filled by the <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat_Kingdom" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom">Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom</a>, commonly known in Malay tradition as 'Ligor'. During this period, Pahang, designated as Muaeng Pahang<a href="#cite_note-Rajani_1987_87-20">[20]</a> was established as one of the twelve <a href="/wiki/Naksat_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Naksat cities">naksat city states</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> of Ligor.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In the 14th century, Pahang began consolidating its influence in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula. The kingdom, described by Portuguese historian, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Godinho_de_Er%C3%A9dia" title="Manuel Godinho de Erédia">Manuel Godinho de Erédia</a> as Pam, was one of the two kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malayos</a> in the peninsula, in succession to <a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">Pattani</a>, that flourished before the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>. The Maharaja of Pahang, was also the overlord of countries of Ujong Tanah ('land's end'), on the southern part of the peninsula including <a href="/wiki/Temasek" title="Temasek">Temasek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The Majapahit chronicle, <a href="/wiki/Nagarakretagama" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakretagama</a> even used the name Pahang to designate the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, an indication of the importance of this kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a> records several envoy missions from Pahang to the Ming court in the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1378, Maharaja Tajau sent envoys with a letter on a gold leaf and sent six foreign slaves and products of the country as tribute. In 1411, during the reign of Maharaja Pa-la-mi-so-la-ta-lo-si-ni (transliterated by historian as 'Parameswara Teluk Chini'), he also sent envoys carrying tribute.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_sultanate">Old sultanate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old sultanate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0737.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5148" data-file-height="3481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a> in 1665.</figcaption></figure> The Old Pahang Sultanate centred in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a> was established in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asia and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering the <a href="/wiki/Pattani_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Kingdom">Pattani Sultanate</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a> to the south. To the west, its jurisdiction extended over parts of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_31-28">[28]</a> The sultanate has its origin as a vassal to the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>, with its first sultan, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Muhammad Shah of Pahang">Muhammad Shah</a> having been a Malaccan prince, and was the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Dewa_Sura" title="Dewa Sura">Dewa Sura</a>, the last pre-Malaccan ruler of <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Pahang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_31-28">[28]</a> Over the years, Pahang grew independent from Malaccan control and at one point even established itself as a rival to Malacca<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> until the latter's <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">demise in 1511</a>. In 1528, the last Sultan of Malacca, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_of_Malacca" title="Mahmud Shah of Malacca">Mahmud Shah</a> died. Pahang joined forces with his successor, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Riayat_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauddin Riayat Shah II">Alauddin Riayat Shah II</a> who established himself in Johor to expel the Portuguese from the Malay Peninsula. Two attempts were made in 1547 at <a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a> and in 1551 at <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a>. However, in the face of superior Portuguese arms and vessels, the Pahang and Johor forces were forced to retreat on both occasions.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_81-30">[30]</a> During the reign of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kadir_Alauddin_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah of Pahang">Abdul Kadir</a>, Pahang enjoyed a brief period of cordial relations with the Portuguese. However, this relationship was discontinued by his successor, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_II_of_Pahang" title="Ahmad Shah II of Pahang">Ahmad II</a>. The next ruler, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghafur_Muhiuddin_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah of Pahang">Abdul Ghafur</a> attacked the Portuguese and simultaneously challenged the Dutch presence in the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>. Nevertheless, in 1607, Pahang not only tolerated the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch</a>, but, following a visit by <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Matelief_de_Jonge" title="Cornelis Matelief de Jonge">Admiral Matelief de Jonge</a>, even cooperated with them in an attempt to get rid of the Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_81-30">[30]</a> The Sultan tried to reforge the Johor-Pahang alliance to assist the Dutch. However, a quarrel which erupted between Sultan Abdul Ghafur and <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Riayat_Shah_III_of_Johor" title="Alauddin Riayat Shah III of Johor">Alauddin Riayat Shah III of Johor</a>, resulted in Johor declaring war on Pahang in 1612. With the aid of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jalilul_Akbar" title="Abdul Jalilul Akbar">Abdul Jalilul Akbar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a>, Pahang eventually defeated Johor in 1613. Sultan Abdul Ghafur's son, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Riayat_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Alauddin Riayat Shah of Pahang">Alauddin Riyat Shah</a> ascended to the throne in 1614. In 1615, the <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Acehnese</a> under <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Muda" title="Iskandar Muda">Iskandar Muda</a> invaded Pahang, forcing Alauddin Riayat Shah to retreat into the interior. He nevertheless continued to exercise some ruling powers. His reign in exile is considered to have officially ended after the installation of a distant relative, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jalil_Shah_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Jalil Shah III">Raja Bujang</a> to the Pahangese throne in 1615, with the support of the Portuguese following a pact between the Portuguese and Sultan of Johor.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_81-30">[30]</a> Raja Bujang who reigned as Abdul Jalil Shah was eventually deposed in the Acehnese invasion in 1617, but restored to the Pahangese throne and also installed as the new <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan of Johor</a> following the death of his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ma%27ayat_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah">Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah</a> in 1623. This event led to the union of the crown of Pahang and Johor, and the formal establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Empire">Johor Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_81-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">Pahang Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CO_1069-505-01_(7893293906).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/CO_1069-505-01_%287893293906%29.jpg/220px-CO_1069-505-01_%287893293906%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/CO_1069-505-01_%287893293906%29.jpg/330px-CO_1069-505-01_%287893293906%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/CO_1069-505-01_%287893293906%29.jpg/440px-CO_1069-505-01_%287893293906%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Muadzam_Shah_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah of Pahang">Sultan Ahmad</a> and his attendants circa 1897. The ruler seized the Pahang throne in 1863 after six years of <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Civil_War" title="Pahang Civil War">civil war</a> against his brother <a href="/wiki/Tun_Mutahir_of_Pahang" title="Tun Mutahir of Pahang">Tun Mutahir</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">British</a>-<a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> allies. His reign marked the restoration of Pahang as a Sultanate and modernisation of the state.</figcaption></figure> The modern Pahang kingdom came into existence with the consolidation of power by the <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Bendahara family</a> in Pahang, following the gradual disintegration of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Empire">Johor Empire</a>. Self-rule was established in Pahang in the late 18th century, with <a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Majid_of_Pahang" title="Tun Abdul Majid of Pahang">Tun Abdul Majid</a> declared as the first <a href="/wiki/Raja_bendahara" title="Raja bendahara">raja bendahara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_52-31">[31]</a> The area around Pahang formed a part of the hereditary domains attached to this title and administered directly by the raja bendahara. The weakening of the Johor Sultanate and the disputed succession to the throne was coupled with the increasing independence of the <a href="/wiki/Bendahara" title="Bendahara">Bendahara</a> in Pahang, the <a href="/wiki/Temenggong" title="Temenggong">Temenggong</a> in Johor and Singapore, and the Yamtuan Muda in Riau.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_82-32">[32]</a> In 1853, the fourth raja bendahara <a href="/wiki/Tun_Ali_of_Pahang" title="Tun Ali of Pahang">Tun Ali</a>, renounced his allegiance to the Sultan of Johor and became the independent ruler of Pahang.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_83-34">[34]</a> He was able to maintain peace and stability during his reign. After his death in 1857 his younger son <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmad_al-Muadzam_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah">Wan Ahmad</a> challenged the succession of his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Tun_Mutahir_of_Pahang" title="Tun Mutahir of Pahang">Tun Mutahir</a>, in a dispute that escalated into a <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Civil_War" title="Pahang Civil War">civil war</a>. Supported by the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu Sultanate</a> and the Siamese, Wan Ahmad emerged victorious, establishing control over important towns and expelled his brother in 1863. He served as the last raja bendahara, and was proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan of Pahang</a> by his chiefs in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_83-34">[34]</a> Due to internal strife within Pahang, the British pressured Sultan Ahmad to agree to the presence of a British adviser. Aided by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Abu Bakar of Johor</a> and William Fraser of the Pahang Mining Company, they succeeded in convincing Sultan Ahmad to accept a British agent, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Clifford_(colonial_administrator)" title="Hugh Clifford (colonial administrator)">Hugh Clifford</a>, in December 1887. In October 1888, Sultan Ahmad reluctantly accepted <a href="/wiki/John_Pickersgill_Rodger" title="John Pickersgill Rodger">John Pickersgill Rodger</a> as Pahang's first Resident. Following the intervention, Sultan Ahmad became a Ruler-in-Council and acted in accordance with the advice of the British Resident and the State Council, except in matters pertaining Islam and Malay customs. Taxes were to be collected in the name of the sultan by the Resident, with the assistance of European officers.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_84-35">[35]</a> Between 1890 and 1895, <a href="/wiki/Dato%27_Bahaman" title="Dato' Bahaman">Dato' Bahaman</a>, the Orang Kaya Setia Perkasa Pahlawan of Semantan, and <a href="/wiki/Tok_Gajah" title="Tok Gajah">Imam Perang Rasu</a>, the Orang Kaya Imam Perang Indera Gajah of Pulau Tawar, led a revolt against the British encroachment. Sultan Ahmad appeared to be co-operating with the British, but he was known to be sympathetic to the dissidents. By 1895 the revolt was suppressed by the British and many of the dissidents surrendered. In July 1895, Sultan Ahmad signed the Federation Agreement, which made Pahang, along with <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, Selangor and <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, a protectorate of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. This had effectively reduced the Sultan's powers and authority, as did the creation of Federal Council in 1909. The executive and legislative functions of the State Council became increasingly nominal.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_84-35">[35]</a> Like other <a href="/wiki/Malay_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay States">Malay States</a>, Pahang suffered during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> until 1945. During the Japanese Occupation, the reigning Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Pahang" title="Abu Bakar of Pahang">Abu Bakar</a> opened a large potato plantation behind the Terentang Palace to help ease the food shortage and he personally approved proposals to form the <a href="/wiki/Rejimen_Askar_Wataniah" title="Rejimen Askar Wataniah">Askar Wataniah</a>, an underground Malay resistance force. The Sultan spent the final days of the occupation in a jungle hideout with members of <a href="/wiki/Force_136" title="Force 136">Force 136</a>, resistance fighters and refugees. In late 1945, to mark the decommissioning of the Askar Wataniah, the troops paraded through <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a> and submitted to a royal inspection, after which they were honoured at the Sa'adah Palace with what has been called 'the first <a href="/wiki/Ronggeng" title="Ronggeng">ronggeng</a> of the liberation'.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_85-36">[36]</a> During his reign, Sultan Abu Bakar revived the office of State Mufti and established the Pahang Islamic and Malay Customs Council. The state's administrative capital, which was established in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lipis" title="Kuala Lipis">Kuala Lipis</a> during British intervention, was moved to <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_85-36">[36]</a> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Pahang formed the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> with the other eight <a href="/wiki/Malay_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay States">Malay States</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">British Crown Colonies</a>, Malacca and Penang in 1948. The semi-independent Malaya was granted independence in 1957, and was then reconstituted as <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> with the inclusion the states of Singapore (left the federation in 1965), <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> in 1963. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG/220px-Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG/330px-Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG/440px-Cameron_Highlands_Tea_Plantation_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3393" data-file-height="1897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a>.</figcaption></figure> Pahang covers an area of 35,965 km2 (13,886 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a> and is the third largest state in Malaysia after <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and the largest in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>. Geographically diverse, Pahang occupies the vast <a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a> basin, which is enclosed by the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa</a> Range to the west and the eastern highlands to the north. Although about two thirds of the state is dense jungle,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> its central plains are intersected by numerous rivers, joining to form the Pahang River which dominates the drainage system. Pahang is divided into three <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a>, the freshwater systems, the lowlands and highlands rainforests and the coastline.<a href="#cite_note-Y._Tachikawa_2004-6">[6]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a> basin connects with Malaysia's two largest natural freshwater lakes, <a href="/wiki/Bera_Lake" title="Bera Lake">Bera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chini_Lake" title="Chini Lake">Chini</a>. Described as wetland of international importance, Bera Lake was accepted as Malaysia's first <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar</a> site in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The highest peak, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tahan" title="Mount Tahan">Mount Tahan</a>, reaches 2,187 m (7,175 ft) in elevation, which is also the highest point in Peninsular Malaysia. The climate is temperate enough to have distinct temperature variations year round, and much of the highlands are covered with tropical <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a>. Pahang is home to two of Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara" title="Taman Negara">Taman Negara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endau-Rompin_National_Park" title="Endau-Rompin National Park">Endau-Rompin</a>, both located in the north and south of the state respectively. These large <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">primary rainforests</a> are extensive, and are home to many rare or endangered animals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tapir" title="Tapir">tapir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">mouse-deer</a>, tigers, elephants and <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopards</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a> are also extremely common, mainly due to the high humidity and fog that permeates the area. Popular hill resorts located along these main highland areas are <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_Hill" title="Fraser's Hill">Fraser's Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tinggi,_Pahang" title="Bukit Tinggi, Pahang">Bukit Tinggi</a>. The Cameron Highlands is home to extensive tea plantations and also a major supplier of <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a> and vegetables to both <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and Singapore. The largest of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Development_Authority" title="Federal Land Development Authority">Felda</a>'s palm oil plantations in Malaysia are located in the Jengka Triangle centred around the <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tun_Razak,_Jengka" title="Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka">Bandar Tun Razak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maran" title="Maran">Maran</a> district. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherating,_Pantai_Cherating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cherating%2C_Pantai_Cherating.jpg/220px-Cherating%2C_Pantai_Cherating.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cherating%2C_Pantai_Cherating.jpg/330px-Cherating%2C_Pantai_Cherating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cherating%2C_Pantai_Cherating.jpg/440px-Cherating%2C_Pantai_Cherating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a> beach.</figcaption></figure> Pahang's long, coastline has sandy beaches like <a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Cempedak" title="Teluk Cempedak">Teluk Cempedak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beserah" title="Beserah">Beserah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_Hitam" title="Batu Hitam">Batu Hitam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Sepat,_Pahang" title="Tanjung Sepat, Pahang">Tanjung Sepat</a>. Also located along the coastal plain, is a 32 km2 (12 sq mi) wide expanse of alluvial soil that includes the deltas and estuarine plains of the Kuantan, Pahang, Rompin, Endau, and Mersing Rivers.<a href="#cite_note-Y._Tachikawa_2004-6">[6]</a> Important economic centres can be found along the coastline, where both capital and royal capital of the state, <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>, are located. About 58 km off the coast of Pahang lies <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a>, in the South China Sea, acclaimed as one of the best island getaways in the world.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Pahang has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_geography" title="Tropical geography">tropical geography</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">equatorial climate</a> and a year-round of humidity of no less than 75%. It is warm and humid throughout the year with temperatures ranging from 21 °C to 33 °C. The rainfall here averages 200 mm monthly, a large proportion of which occurs during the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast monsoon">northeast monsoon</a>. Precipitation is the lowest in March, with an average of 22.25 mm. In October and November, the precipitation reaches its peak, with an average of 393 mm. The hottest month in Pahang is May when the average maximum temperature is 33°, average temperature is 28° and average minimum temperature is 24°. At highland areas, the temperature can vary from 23 °C (73 °F) during daytime to 16 °C (61 °F) during night time.<a href="#cite_note-Pahang_Tourism_Climate-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Pahang experiences two <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> seasons: a northeast monsoon and a southwest monsoon. The tropical storms of the northeast monsoon wash ashore from the end of October until the beginning of March ever year, bringing heavy rainfall, powerful currents and unpredictable tempest of the monsoon season coming in from the South China Sea. The southwest monsoon, which occurs beginning March every year, brings somewhat less rainfall, with sunny and tropical weather up until the end of October.<a href="#cite_note-Pahang_Tourism_Climate-40">[40]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Landscapes of Pahang</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Tahan, the highest mountain of Peninsular Malaysia."><img alt="Mount Tahan, the highest mountain of Peninsular Malaysia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg/240px-Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg/360px-Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg/480px-Gunung_Tahan._Snapped_from_Gunung_Tangga_Lima_Belas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tahan" title="Mount Tahan">Mount Tahan</a>, the highest mountain of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Temerloh_bridge3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pahang River."><img alt="Pahang River." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Temerloh_bridge3.JPG/240px-Temerloh_bridge3.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Temerloh_bridge3.JPG/360px-Temerloh_bridge3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Temerloh_bridge3.JPG/480px-Temerloh_bridge3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Taman-Negara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Taman Negara."><img alt="View of Taman Negara." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Taman-Negara.jpg/240px-Taman-Negara.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Taman-Negara.jpg/360px-Taman-Negara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Taman-Negara.jpg/480px-Taman-Negara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara" title="Taman Negara">Taman Negara</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Salang,_Tioman_-_panoramio_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South China Sea view from Tioman Island."><img alt="South China Sea view from Tioman Island." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/240px-Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/360px-Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/480px-Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> view from <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Biodiversity">edit</a>]</div> Malaysia, as a nation, is considered one of the most biodiverse on earth.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Pahang maintains a protected network of managed areas rich in flora, fauna, and natural resources, in spite of <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, rapid industrialisation and an ever-growing population. In Pahang, there are some 74 forest reserves, including ten virgin-jungle reserves and 13 different amenity forests, <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife reserves">wildlife reserves</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks">national parks</a> and offshore <a href="/wiki/Marine_park" title="Marine park">marine parks</a>. There are many examples of nationally- and internationally-relevant areas, including the <a href="/wiki/Krau_Wildlife_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Krau Wildlife Reserve">Krau Wildlife Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bera_Lake" title="Bera Lake">Bera Lake Ramsar Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island Marine Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands Wildlife Sanctuary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WWF-Malaysia_1997_1-43">[43]</a> Total forest in Pahang is about 2,367,000 ha (66% of the land area), of which 89% is a dryland forest, 10% peat swamp forest, and 1% <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a>. About 56% of the total forest is within the Permanent Forest Estate. This includes almost the full range of forest types found in Malaysia, although some of the more unique environments (such as heath forest or forest on ultrabasic rocks) exist only in fragmented areas of Pahang. The protected forest within <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara" title="Taman Negara">Taman Negara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krau_Wildlife_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Krau Wildlife Reserve">Krau Wildlife Reserve</a> includes small areas of extreme lowland <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial plains">alluvial plains</a>. Elsewhere, most of the dryland forest in Pahang is on steep slopes, therefore benefiting from both catchment protection and slope protection functions.<a href="#cite_note-WWF-Malaysia_1997_1-43">[43]</a> Virtually every species of bird and <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> found in Peninsular Malaysia has been recorded in Pahang, other than a few confined to the north of the country or the west coast. There are a large number of montane species. Peaks within Taman Negara, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Benom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Benom">Mount Benom</a>, and peaks along the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Range</a>, with different endemic species in each of these montane regions are located in Pahang. The large forest blocks of the west and northeast support nationally important populations of big mammals and other fauna, and act as a unit with Taman Negara.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clownfishes,_Paya_Beach,_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clownfishes%2C_Paya_Beach%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Clownfishes%2C_Paya_Beach%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clownfishes%2C_Paya_Beach%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Clownfishes%2C_Paya_Beach%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clownfishes%2C_Paya_Beach%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Clownfishes%2C_Paya_Beach%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="1959" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clownfish" title="Clownfish">Clownfish</a> at Paya Beach, <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Pahang River is the longest river on the peninsula, and from its headwaters to the estuary it includes virtually all of the natural river types. These range from montane streams, saraca streams and neram rivers to rasau and nipah tidal reaches. <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Water catchments</a> have been defined as covering 81% of the state and more than half of this is forested.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The huge network of rivers in Pahang is home to freshwater aquatic biodiversity, important to the economy of the state. Connecting to this riverine systems are a number of natural freshwater lakes, most notably <a href="/wiki/Bera_Lake" title="Bera Lake">Bera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chini_Lake" title="Chini Lake">Chini</a> lakes. Surrounded by a patchwork of dry lowland dipterocarp forests, the lake environment stretches its tentacles into islands of peat swamp forests. Rich in wildlife and vegetation, the lakes provide an ecosystem which supports not only a diversity of animal and plant life, but sustains the livelihood of the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">Orang Asal</a>, the aboriginal people inhabiting the wetlands. Most of the coastline is sandy, with rocky headlands at intervals. <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangroves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">nipah</a> swamps are confined to estuaries and do not occur along the exposed coast. These estuaries can be seasonally important to fishermen when rough weather prevents fishing at sea. There are limited areas of hard and soft coral offshore, which have been mapped together with coastal features. There are many islands off the east coast, the largest being <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman</a> and Seri Buat islands. Besides the island populations of fauna and flora, which sometimes differ genetically from mainland forms of the same species, these islands are of value for the reefs and other bottom features which support marine biological diversity. The reefs in particular are sensitive to sedimentation from activities on land. These features are related to the maintenance of marine fisheries, an important sector of the coastal economy. Tioman, Chebeh, Tulai, Sembilang and Seri Buat islands constitute the Tioman group of islands within the Marine Parks system of Peninsular Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics and government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Executive_Council" title="Pahang State Executive Council">Pahang State Executive Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang State Legislative Assembly</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018-)#Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018-)">Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018-) § Pahang</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg/220px-Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg/330px-Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg/440px-Pintu_gerbang_Istana_Abu_Bakar_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Main entrance of the Royal Palace, <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sky_Kuantan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sky_Kuantan.jpg/220px-Sky_Kuantan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sky_Kuantan.jpg/330px-Sky_Kuantan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sky_Kuantan.jpg/440px-Sky_Kuantan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, capital of Pahang.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahang_Electoral_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pahang_Electoral_District.svg/220px-Pahang_Electoral_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pahang_Electoral_District.svg/330px-Pahang_Electoral_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pahang_Electoral_District.svg/440px-Pahang_Electoral_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Parliamentary constituencies of Pahang.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:PahangADUN2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/PahangADUN2022.svg/300px-PahangADUN2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/PahangADUN2022.svg/450px-PahangADUN2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/PahangADUN2022.svg/600px-PahangADUN2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Affiliation </th> <th rowspan="2">Coalition/Party Leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pahang_state_election,_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahang state election, 2022">2022 election</a> </th> <th>Current </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a> </td> <td>Government </td> <td>25 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuan_Ibrahim_Tuan_Man" title="Tuan Ibrahim Tuan Man">Tuan Ibrahim Tuan Man</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Opposition (Malaysia)">Opposition</a> </td> <td>17 </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <th>42 </th> <th>42 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Government majority </th> <th>8 </th> <th>24 </th></tr></tbody></table> The modern constitution of Pahang, the Undang-Undang Tubuh Kerajaan Pahang, was first drafted on 1 February 1948. It was formally adopted on 25 February 1959. The constitution proclaims that Pahang is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>. The constitutional head is the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan</a>, who is described as "the fountain head of justice and of all authority of government" in the state. He who is vested with the power as a monarch of the state, is also the Head of Islam and the source of all titles and dignities, honours and awards.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-48">[48]</a> The current Sultan belong to the male line of the <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Bendahara dynasty</a> who have been ruling the state since the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_52-31">[31]</a> Since 2019, the reigning monarch has been <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Pahang" title="Abdullah of Pahang">Abdullah</a>. He was proclaimed as Sultan on 15 January 2019, succeeding his father, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Ahmad Shah of Pahang">Ahmad Shah</a>, whose abdication was decided at a Royal Council meeting on 11 January. On 24 January 2019, days after his accession to the throne of Pahang, he was elected as the 16th <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> of Malaysia, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_V_of_Kelantan" title="Muhammad V of Kelantan">Muhammad V</a> who abdicated from the throne on 6 January. <a href="/wiki/Succession_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession order">Succession order</a> to the throne of Pahang is generally determined roughly by <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a>. No female may become ruler, and female line descendants are generally excluded from succession. In Pahang traditional political structure, the offices of Orang Besar Berempat ('four major chiefs') are the most important positions after the Sultan himself. The four hereditary territorial <a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">magnates</a> are; <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kaya_Indera_Pahlawan" title="Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan">Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kaya_Indera_Perba_Jelai" title="Orang Kaya Indera Perba Jelai">Orang Kaya Indera Perba Jelai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kaya_Indera_Segara" title="Orang Kaya Indera Segara">Orang Kaya Indera Segara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kaya_Indera_Shahbandar" title="Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar">Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar</a>. Next in the hierarchy were the Orang Besar Berlapan ('eight chiefs') and Orang Besar Enam Belas ('sixteen chiefs') who were subordinated to the principal nobles.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_82-32">[32]</a> The Sultan headed two institutions, the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">State Legislative Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Executive_Council" title="Pahang State Executive Council">State Executive Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The legislative branch of the state is the unicameral Dewan Undangan Negeri ('State Legislative Assembly') whose 42 members are elected from single-member constituencies. The assembly has the power to enact the state laws. State government is led by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a>, who is a member of the State Legislative Assembly from the majority party. According to the constitution of Pahang, the Menteri Besar is required to be a Malay and a Muslim, appointed by the ruler from the party that commands the majority of the State Legislative Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-48">[48]</a> By convention, state elections are held concurrently with the federal election, held at least once every five years, the most recent of which took place in <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2018">May 2018</a>. Registered voters of age 21 and above may vote for the members for the state legislative chamber.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Executive power is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Executive_Council" title="Pahang State Executive Council">State Executive Council</a> as per 1959 constitution. It consists of the Mentri Besar, who is its chairman, and 13 other members.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The Sultan of Pahang appoints the Mentri Besar and the rest of the council from the members of the State Assembly. The Mentri Besar is both the head of the Executive Council and the head of the State Government.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-48">[48]</a> The incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Malay_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay titles">Dato' Seri</a> <a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a>, a major component party of the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN) coalition, appointed in 2018, is the 15th Mentri Besar.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> As a federal state, Pahang is subjected to <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Malaysia's legal system</a> which is based on <a href="/wiki/English_Common_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="English Common Law">English Common Law</a>. The highest court in the judicial system is the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Malaya">High Court of Malaya</a>. Malaysia also has a special court to hear cases brought by or against royalty. The death penalty is in use for serious crimes such as murder, terrorism, drug trafficking, and kidnapping. Separate from and running parallel to the civil courts, are the <a href="/wiki/Syariah_Court" title="Syariah Court">Syariah Court</a>, which apply <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> law to Muslims in the areas of family law and religious observances. As provided in Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Federal Constitution</a>, Syariah or Islamic law is a matter of state law, passed in the State Legislative Assembly. Matters related to the enforcement of the Syariah law falls under the jurisdiction of the Jabatan Agama Islam Pahang ('Pahang Islamic Religious Department'). Pahang's constitution empowers the Sultan as the head of Islam and Malay customs in the state. State council known as Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang ('Council of Islam and Malay Customs of Pahang') is responsible in advising the ruler as well as regulating both Islamic affairs and <a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">adat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subdivisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">Districts of Malaysia</a></div> Pahang is divided into 11 administrative districts, which in turn is divided into 66 <a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">mukims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MyGdi-53">[53]</a> Currently, there are also 4 subdistricts in Pahang, which is <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gebeng" title="Gebeng">Gebeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jelai" title="Jelai">Jelai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muadzam_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muadzam Shah">Muadzam Shah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> For each district, the state government appoints a <a href="/wiki/District_officer" title="District officer">district officer</a> who heads lands and district office. An administrative district can be distinguished from a local government area where the former deals with land administration and revenue<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> while the latter deals with the planning and delivery of basic infrastructure to its inhabitants. Administrative district boundaries are usually coextensive with local government area boundaries but may sometimes differ especially in urbanised areas. Local governments in Pahang consist of 3 <a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">municipal councils</a> and 8 district councils.<a href="#cite_note-local_authority-56">[56]</a> The administrative divisions in Pahang are originated from the time of the old <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a>, whereby <a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">territorial magnates</a> appointed by the Sultan to administer the historical divisions of the state.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The largest historical divisions were; Jelai (corresponds to modern day <a href="/wiki/Lipis_District" title="Lipis District">Lipis District</a>), <a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenor" title="Chenor">Chenor</a> (corresponds to modern day <a href="/wiki/Maran_District" title="Maran District">Maran District</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>, each administered by the four major chiefs (Orang Besar Berempat). Next in the hierarchy were the Orang Besar Berlapan ('eight chiefs') and then Orang Besar Enam Belas ('sixteen chiefs') who were subordinated to their respective principal nobles. The lowest of this traditional hierarchy are the Tok Empat or village headmen who were subordinated to Tok Mukim, who in turn subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Penghulu" title="Penghulu">Tok Penghulu</a>, who in turn subordinated to one of the sixteen chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid_2011_82-32">[32]</a> In modern times, the Tok Empat became formally known as Ketua Kampung (literally 'village headman'), although continued to be referred as such informally. He is subordinated to a <a href="/wiki/Penghulu" title="Penghulu">Penghulu</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">mukim</a>, who in turn subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/District_officer" title="District officer">district officer</a>. <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:65%; font-size:smaller; text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7">Administrative divisions of Pahang </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="font-size:larger" align="center"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 600px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pahang_location_map.svg/600px-Pahang_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="482" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pahang_location_map.svg/900px-Pahang_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pahang_location_map.svg/1200px-Pahang_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="665" /> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:100px"><a href="/wiki/Jerantut_District" title="Jerantut District">Jerantut</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:126px; top:100px"><a href="/wiki/Lipis_District" title="Lipis District">Lipis</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:30px; top:52px"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron Highlands District">Cameron Highlands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:342px; top:184px"><a href="/wiki/Kuantan_District" title="Kuantan District">Kuantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:378px; top:286px"><a href="/wiki/Pekan_District" title="Pekan District">Pekan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:382px"><a href="/wiki/Rompin_District" title="Rompin District">Rompin</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:258px; top:220px"><a href="/wiki/Maran_District" title="Maran District">Maran</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Temerloh_District" title="Temerloh District">Temerloh</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:114px; top:184px"><a href="/wiki/Raub_District" title="Raub District">Raub</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:304px"><a href="/wiki/Bera_District" title="Bera District">Bera</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:126px; top:274px"><a href="/wiki/Bentong_District" title="Bentong District">Bentong</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:534px; top:382px"><a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Number</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">Districts</a></th> <th>Seat</th> <th>Local government level<a href="#cite_note-local_authority-56">[56]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">Mukim</a><a href="#cite_note-MyGdi-53">[53]</a></th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>Population (2010)<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_preliminary-58">[58]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bera_District" title="Bera District">Bera</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Bera" title="Bandar Bera">Bandar Bera</a></td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Bera, <a href="/wiki/Teriang" title="Teriang">Teriang</a></td> <td align="right">2,214</td> <td align="right">93,084 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bentong_District" title="Bentong District">Bentong</a></td> <td>Bentong</td> <td>Municipality</td> <td>Bentong, Sabai, Pelangai Autonomous sub-districts: <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></td> <td align="right">1,381</td> <td align="right">112,678 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Rata" title="Tanah Rata">Tanah Rata</a></td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Hulu Telom, Ringlet, Tanah Rata</td> <td align="right">712</td> <td align="right">37,147 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerantut_District" title="Jerantut District">Jerantut</a></td> <td>Jerantut</td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Bulau, Hulu Cheka, Hulu Tembeling, Kelola, Kuala Tembeling, Pedah, Pulau Tawar, Tebing Tinggi, Teh, Tembeling</td> <td align="right">7,561</td> <td align="right">87,709 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuantan_District" title="Kuantan District">Kuantan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></td> <td>City</td> <td>Kuala Kuantan, Hulu Kuantan, Sungai Karang, Beserah, Hulu Lepar, Penor Autonomous sub-districts: <a href="/wiki/Gebeng" title="Gebeng">Gebeng</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></td> <td align="right">2,960</td> <td align="right">450,211 </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lipis_District" title="Lipis District">Lipis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lipis" title="Kuala Lipis">Kuala Lipis</a></td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Batu Yon, Budu, Cheka, Gua, Hulu Jelai, Kechau, Kuala Lipis, Penjom, Tanjung Besar, Telang Autonomous sub-districts: <a href="/wiki/Jelai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelai (state constituency)">Jelai</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></td> <td align="right">5,198</td> <td align="right">86,200 </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Maran_District" title="Maran District">Maran</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maran_(town)" title="Maran (town)">Maran</a></td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Bukit Segumpal, Chenor, Kertau, Luit</td> <td align="right">3,805</td> <td align="right">113,303 </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pekan_District" title="Pekan District">Pekan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pekan,_Pahang" title="Pekan, Pahang">Pekan</a></td> <td>Municipality</td> <td>Bebar, Ganchong, Kuala Pahang, Langgar, Lepar, Pahang Tua, Pekan, Penyor, Pulau Manis, Pulau Rusa, Temai</td> <td align="right">3,846</td> <td align="right">105,822 </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Raub_District" title="Raub District">Raub</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a></td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Batu Talam, Dong, Gali, Hulu Dong, Sega, Semantan Hulu, Teras</td> <td align="right">2,269</td> <td align="right">91,169 </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rompin_District" title="Rompin District">Rompin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Rompin" title="Kuala Rompin">Kuala Rompin</a></td> <td>District Council</td> <td>Endau, Keratong, Pontian, Rompin, <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman</a>, Bebar Autonomous sub-districts: <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Muadzam_Shah" title="Bandar Muadzam Shah">Bandar Muadzam Shah</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></td> <td align="right">5,296</td> <td align="right">110,286 </td></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Temerloh_District" title="Temerloh District">Temerloh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a></td> <td>Municipality</td> <td>Bangau, Jenderak, Kerdau, Lebak, Lipat Kajang, Mentakab, Perak, Sanggang, Semantan, Songsang</td> <td align="right">2,251</td> <td align="right">155,756 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#8B0000; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:#008080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#008080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#008080"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 880.42099845207px; border-left-color:#808000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#808000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#808000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 277.7606853915px; border-left-color:#800080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#800080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#800080"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:98.668594420787px 16.263716519488px 0 0; border-top-color:#008000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#008000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 1589.4544843865px 100px 0; border-right-color:#000080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#000080"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Pahang GDP share by sector (2016)<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State_2016-64">[64]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Services (49.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Agriculture (23.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Manufacturing (22.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Construction (3.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Mining & Quarrying (1.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (0.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ACV-300_Adnan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/ACV-300_Adnan.jpg/220px-ACV-300_Adnan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/ACV-300_Adnan.jpg/330px-ACV-300_Adnan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/ACV-300_Adnan.jpg/440px-ACV-300_Adnan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2139" data-file-height="1604" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FNSS_ACV-15" title="FNSS ACV-15">ACV-300 Adnan</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/DRB-HICOM_Defence_Technologies" title="DRB-HICOM Defence Technologies">Deftech</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/DRB-HICOM" title="DRB-HICOM">DRB-HICOM</a>. The company is the anchor tenant of the Peramu Jaya Industrial Park, <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>.</figcaption></figure> As a federal state of Malaysia, Pahang is a relatively open state-oriented <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The Pahang State Government Development Corporation, established in 1965, carries the responsibility to drive the economic and social development, by attracting investments, promoting industrial, property and entrepreneurial development, and setting up new commercial hubs and townships.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The federal government, through a series development initiatives and programs, the most recent is the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Economic_Region" title="East Coast Economic Region">East Coast Economic Region</a> introduced in 2007, is also credited for the robust economic growth in recent years. With GDP growing an average 5.6 per cent annually from 1971 to 2000, Pahang is considered a developing state.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In 2015, the state economy grew by 4.5%, the tenth highest among 15 states and federal territories of Malaysia, but later reduced to 2% in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State-68">[68]</a> The GDP per capita is recorded at $7,629.39 in 2016, while the unemployment rate was maintained below 3% from 2010 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State-68">[68]</a> The economy of Pahang in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2016 was $12.414 billion, the eight largest in Malaysia. The amount constitutes 4.5% contribution to the national GDP, and largely driven by three main economic activities; Services (49%), Agriculture (23%), and Manufacturing (22.1%).<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State_2016-64">[64]</a> Historically, by the 19th century, Pahang's economy, like in ancient times, was still heavily dependent on the export of gold. <a href="/wiki/Gold_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold mine">Gold mines</a> can be found from <a href="/wiki/Bera_District" title="Bera District">Bera</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jelai_River" title="Jelai River">Jelai River</a> river basin.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_57–58-69">[69]</a> Systematic mining started in 1889 during British protectorate, when the Raub Australian Gold mine was established. Extensive underground mining took place in the area and this continued until 1985 during which time the mine at <a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a> produced nearly 1 million ounces, 85% of the production of Peninsular Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Another important article of export was tin, which was also mined in a large scale. The <a href="/wiki/Tin_ore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin ore">tin ore</a> production was primarily concentrated at <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Lembing" title="Sungai Lembing">Sungai Lembing</a>, where during its heyday, the operations saw the excavation of deep shaft mines that were among the largest, longest and deepest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The growth of the mining industry had a significant impact on Pahang's society and economy towards the end of the 19th century. Thousands of people were at work in the mines which places had, in consequence, become an important trading centres in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_61-72">[72]</a> Once an important industry, the <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining industry">mining industry</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Quarrying" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarrying">quarrying</a>, now accounts only 1.6% of the total state GDP in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State_2016-64">[64]</a> Modern mining industry also include other minerals, in particular iron ore and <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>. Pahang accounts for more than 70% of the Malaysia's estimated 109.1 million tonnes of bauxite reserves. Mining of the ore, used to make aluminium, surged in 2015 after neighbouring Indonesia prohibited the raw material from being sold overseas. China, instead, bought almost 21 million tonnes from Malaysia, valued at US$955.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Pahang iron ore production is concentrated at small-scale mines scattered across the state. The low grade iron ores were consumed by the pipe-coating industry that supplied the oil and gas sector and cement plants, while the high grades were exported.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe,_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company,_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang,_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company%2C_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang%2C_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif/lossy-page1-220px-KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company%2C_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang%2C_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company%2C_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang%2C_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif/lossy-page1-330px-KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company%2C_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang%2C_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company%2C_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang%2C_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif/lossy-page1-440px-KITLV_-_79969_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Raub_Gold_Mining_Company%2C_gold_mine_at_Raub_in_Pahang%2C_Malaysia_-_circa_1910.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4744" data-file-height="2344" /></a><figcaption>A gold mine in <a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a> during British Protectorate. Gold was the most important export of Pahang since the ancient times.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_57–58-69">[69]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG/220px-Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG/330px-Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG/440px-Kuantan_Port_Container_Berth_Year_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kuantan_Port" title="Kuantan Port">Kuantan Port</a>, the major maritime gateway to the east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia.</figcaption></figure> The services sector, which constitutes 49% of the total Pahang GDP, is predominantly stimulated by the Wholesale and Retail Trade, Food and Beverage and Accommodation, which amounts to $1.8 billion in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State-68">[68]</a> This sub sector, on the other hand, is the main driving factor for the growth of the tourism industry. With its richness in biodiversity, Pahang is offering <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> to its hill resorts, beaches and national parks. In 2014, the state attracted 9.4 million visitors, and the figure grew to 12 million in 2016. The agricultural sector is another key economic sector of the state.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Historically an <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian economy">agrarian economy</a>, Pahang's agriculture was dominated by the production of vegetables, rice, yams and tubers in the past. With extensive support by the federal agencies and institutions like <a href="/wiki/FELDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FELDA">FELDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/FELCRA_Berhad" title="FELCRA Berhad">FELCRA</a> and RISDA, the agricultural sector was rapidly expanding, with the inclusion of products like rubber and palm oil as the main agricultural produce,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The state is home to the largest FELDA settlement known as 'Jengka Triangle' centred in <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tun_Razak,_Jengka" title="Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka">Bandar Tun Razak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maran_District" title="Maran District">Maran District</a>. Pahang was historically a primary exporter of forestry products like <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damar_gum" class="mw-redirect" title="Damar gum">damar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">rattans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_61-72">[72]</a> In modern times, the forestry remains the main sub-sector with tropical timber is an important produce, as large swaths of forest supported massive production of wood products.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford-78">[78]</a> Yet a decline in mature trees due to intensive harvesting lately has caused a slowdown and the practice of more <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forestry">sustainable forestry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fishery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> products are also a main source of income especially for the communities on the long coastline and large network of rivers of the state. Today, agriculture is the second largest component of the state economy which constitutes 23% of the total state GDP. It contributes approximately 12.3% of the federal GDP, the fourth largest after Sarawak, Sabah and Johor.<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State_2016-64">[64]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Economic_Region" title="East Coast Economic Region">East Coast Economic Region</a> (ECER) masterplan, introduced in 2007, the agro-businesses in the state is set to move up further the value chain, with the introduction of agricultural initiatives like Nucleus Cattle Breeding and Research Centre at Muadzam Shah, Rompin Integrated Pineapple Plantation, Kuantan-Maran Agrovalley for leafy vegetables and maize, as well as Pekan-Rompin-Mersing Agrovalley for watermelon, vegetables, roselle, and maize.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford-78">[78]</a> The third largest component of Pahang economy is the manufacturing sector. It forms 22.1% of the state economy<a href="#cite_note-GDP_by_State_2016-64">[64]</a> and its growth is mainly driven by the many resource-based industries, including the processing of rubber, wood, palm oil, <a href="/wiki/Petrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrochemicals">petrochemicals</a> and other halal products. Pahang <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>, which is rapidly developing, is centred in Peramu Jaya Industrial Park in <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford-78">[78]</a> Home to well known automotive players including <a href="/wiki/DRB-HICOM_Defence_Technologies" title="DRB-HICOM Defence Technologies">DefTech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_HICOM_Malaysia" title="Isuzu HICOM Malaysia">Isuzu HICOM Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a>, the industrial park is expected to expand into the 217ha Pekan Automotive Park, scheduled to complete in 2020. The expansion plan is expected to transform the area into a national and regional hub for car assembly, manufacturing of automotive parts and components, as well as automotive research and development activities.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> This would be part of the manufacturing initiatives under East Coast Economic Region (ECER) masterplan, that would also involve development of other manufacturing industrial parks including Gebeng Integrated Petrochemical Complex (GIPC), Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park (MCKIP), Pahang Technology Park (PTP), Kuantan Integrated Bio Park (KIBP), and Gambang Halal Park (GHP). Most of these industrial parks are located within the ECER Special Economic Zone that stretches from district of <a href="/wiki/Kerteh" title="Kerteh">Kerteh</a>, Terengganu in the north to the district of Pekan, Pahang in the south. Envisioned to be the key engine of economic growth in the ECER, the economic zone is expected to attract $23 billion of Foreign Direct Investment and create 120,000 new jobs by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-ECERDC-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> Infrastructure in Pahang, like the rest of the east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia, is still relatively underdeveloped compared to the west coast.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> To reduce the development gap, the federal government, have been investing heavily in high impact development as well as in upgrading the existing infrastructures. Development grant to the state government amounts to $24.82 million in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In federal budget 2017, about $958 million allocation was announced for Malaysian states to improve the public infrastructures.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> About 46% of the state annual budget are also allocated for the improvement of the state infrastructure. Pahang also financed much of its infrastructure projects under the <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> concept, through 13 state <a href="/wiki/Statutory_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory authority">statutory bodies</a> including Pahang Development Corporation, Pahang State Foundation, Development Authority of Pahang Tenggara, Tioman Development Authority and Fraser's Hill Development Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Malaysia_Plan" title="Tenth Malaysia Plan">Tenth Malaysia Plan</a> (2011-2015), $493 million has been allocated for 351 infrastructure projects in the state.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> While under the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (2016-2020), $547 million has been allocated to Pahang, with infrastructure in the rural areas was given attention with the increase of rural water, electricity supply and road coverage.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Peninsular Malaysia as a whole including Pahang, has almost 100% <a href="/wiki/Electrification" title="Electrification">electrification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Transmission and distribution of electricity in the state of Pahang lie under the responsibility of the national utility company, <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plant</a> in Pahang is located in <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a> with installed capacity 250 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> that generates about 643 <a href="/wiki/Gigawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigawatt">GWh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Transmission <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltages</a> are at 500 kV, 275 kV and 132 kV while distribution voltages are 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV and 415 V three-phase or 240 V single-phase. System frequency is 50 Hz 1%. Under its Total Energy Solution, Tenaga Nasional also offers electricity packaged with steam and chilled water for the benefit of certain industries that require multiple forms of energy for their activities.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Access to <a href="/wiki/Improved_water_source" title="Improved water source">improved water source</a> in Malaysia is 100%. The <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> in Pahang is managed by the Pahang Water Management Berhad or Pengurusan Air Pahang Berhad (PAIP). The department is also responsible for the planning, development, management of water supply as well as billing and collection of payment. In Pahang, water supply comes mainly from rivers and streams and there are about 79 water treatment plants located in various districts.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Pahang abundant water sources are also significant to the growing demand of water supply in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Greater Kuala Lumpur">Greater Kuala Lumpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, the industrial heartland of Malaysia. The federal government initiated Pahang-Selangor Raw Water Transfer Project that includes the construction of the Kelau dam on the Pahang river, as well as the transfer of water via a tunnel through the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_and_telecommunication">Internet and telecommunication</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Internet and telecommunication">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, the household internet broadband penetration per 100 inhabitants in Pahang was relatively high among states of the east coast, but was lower than Malaysian national figure, 71.7 versus 99.8.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Extensive efforts to increase internet access, have been undertaken by the government since 2007 to bridge the digital divide, focusing especially the rural areas. Since 2013, the programs have been expanded to include underserved urban communities as well. As of 2015, 89 <a href="/wiki/Internet_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet centre">internet centres</a> have been established in Pahang, in addition to 11 Mini Community Broadband centres and 1 Community Broadband Library. Community WiFi (WK) initiative has also been implemented by the government since 2011 to provide free internet access through Wifi hotspots. In Pahang alone, a total number of 199 Community <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> have been set up. In terms of <a href="/wiki/Fixed_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed line">fixed line</a> broadband, suburban broadband initiatives were outlined in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan to increase broadband accessibility in suburban and rural areas. By 2016, the number of ports in Pahang was growing up to 7,936 ports, the fourth highest in Malaysia after Selangor, Johor and Perak.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile telecommunication">mobile telecommunication</a> penetration, although increasingly popular, was lower compared to the national figure per 100 inhabitants, 130.9 against national figure 143.8. Cellular coverage expansion in Pahang is served by 207 communication towers, with <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">mobile broadband</a> coverage has been expanded to 150 sites and <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> mobile broadband to 42 sites respectively. To accommodate the demand for high-speed mobile broadband, the <a href="/wiki/Core_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Core network">core network</a> capacity has been upgraded, with <a href="/wiki/Fibre-optic_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre-optic network">fibre-optic network</a> has been expanded in 2015 to a total 45.6 km.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 2015, an initiative was announced by the federal government to connect the Peninsular and the East Malaysia states, Sabah and Sarawak with <a href="/wiki/Submarine_cable" title="Submarine cable">submarine fibre optic cable</a> network bringing 4 terabits per second capacity with a total distance of approximately 3,800 kilometres. The planned submarine cable will connect the state of Pahang and Sabah through connecting points in <a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg/220px-Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg/330px-Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg/440px-Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Ahmad_Shah_Airport" title="Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport">Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG/220px-Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG/330px-Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG/440px-Kuantan_Sentral_Terminal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terminal_Kuantan_Sentral" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal Kuantan Sentral">Kuantan Sentral Terminal</a>.</figcaption></figure> Much like many former British protectorates, Pahang uses a <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a> with <a href="/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Right- and left-hand traffic">the left-hand traffic rule</a>. As of 2013, Pahang had a total of 19,132 kilometres (11,888 mi) of connected roadways, with 12,425 kilometres (7,721 mi) being paved state routes, 702 kilometres (436 mi) of dirt tracks, 2,173 kilometres (1,350 mi) of gravel roads, and 3,832.6 kilometres (2,381.5 mi) of paved federal road.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The primary route in Pahang is the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Expressway" title="East Coast Expressway">East Coast Expressway</a>, which is the extension of <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur%E2%80%93Karak_Expressway" title="Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway">Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway</a>, that connects the east coast and the west coast of the Peninsular Malaysia. The expressway passes through 3 states of the peninsular; Pahang, Terengganu and Selangor, connects <a href="/wiki/Kuantan_Port" title="Kuantan Port">Kuantan Port</a> to the <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(Malaysia)" title="National Grid (Malaysia)">national grid</a> and links many important town and cities of the east coast to the industrial heartland of Malaysia in the west. Another important route, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Spine_Road" title="Central Spine Road">Central Spine Road</a> which was laid out in the Eleventh Malaysian Plan, is an alternative road to the east coast, connecting <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Krai">Kuala Krai</a> in Kelantan and <a href="/wiki/Bentong_District" title="Bentong District">Bentong District</a> in Pahang. The main railway line is the <a href="/wiki/KTM_East_Coast_Railway_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="KTM East Coast Railway Line">KTM East Coast Railway Line</a>, nicknamed the 'Jungle Railway' for its route that passes through the sparsely populated and heavily forested interior. It is operated by <a href="/wiki/Keretapi_Tanah_Melayu" title="Keretapi Tanah Melayu">Keretapi Tanah Melayu</a> Berhad, a federal government-linked company. The 526 km long single track metre gauge that runs between <a href="/wiki/Gemas" title="Gemas">Gemas</a> in Negeri Sembilan and <a href="/wiki/Tumpat_District" title="Tumpat District">Tumpat</a> in Kelantan, was historically used during British protectorate to transport <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a>. A more advanced railway line, the <a href="/wiki/Double-track_railway" title="Double-track railway">double-track</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_locomotive" title="Electric locomotive">electrified</a> <a href="/wiki/MRL_East_Coast_Rail_Link" title="MRL East Coast Rail Link">MRL East Coast Rail Link</a> (ECRL), was announced in 2016 as a project under <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Economic_Region" title="East Coast Economic Region">ECER</a>'s master plan, to transport both passengers and cargo. The planned 688 km long new railway line is set to form the backbone of ECER's <a href="/wiki/Multimodal_transport" title="Multimodal transport">multimodal transport</a> infrastructure, linking the existing transportation hub in ECER Special Economic Zone (SEZ) with the west coast region.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Special Economic Zone that centred at <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ECERDC-81">[81]</a> is the main transportation hub for bus services, air routes and sea routes for the entire east coast region. <a href="/wiki/Terminal_Kuantan_Sentral" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal Kuantan Sentral">Terminal Kuantan Sentral</a> serves as the land transportation hub, offering intrastate services that connects all districts of Pahang, as well as interstate services that links the state to the rest of the Peninsular, including Singapore and Thailand. In 2012, the government announced that <a href="/wiki/Prasarana" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasarana">Prasarana</a>, which runs <a href="/wiki/Rapid_KL" title="Rapid KL">Rapid KL</a>, would take over all public bus services in Kuantan under a new entity, <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Kuantan" title="Rapid Kuantan">Rapid Kuantan</a>. The only airport in Pahang is <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ahmad Shah Airport">Sultan Ahmad Shah Airport</a>, also known as Kuantan Airport. Located 15 km from Kuantan, it serves both <a href="/wiki/Domestic_flight" title="Domestic flight">domestic</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_flight" title="International flight">international flights</a>. Direct international flights connect the state with Singapore. The airport serves the national carrier <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost</a> subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Firefly_(airline)" title="Firefly (airline)">Firefly</a>. It also houses the 6th Squadron and 19th Squadron of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Kuantan is also home to Pahang's only <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kuantan_Port" title="Kuantan Port">Kuantan Port</a>. The multipurpose seaport, that handles both <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">intermodal containers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulk_cargo" title="Bulk cargo">bulk cargo</a>, is an important gateway of the international sea trading routes for the entire east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Since 2013, the port embarked on massive expansion program with the development of New Deep Water Terminal consisting 2 km berth extension, to be fully integrated with the Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park (MCKIP) and other neighbouring industrial parks within the Special Economic Zone. This expansion plan, along with other high impact development projects are in tandem with the escalating economic development of the Eastern Industrial Corridor.<a href="#cite_note-ECERDC-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of hospitals in Malaysia">List of hospitals in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG/220px-Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG/330px-Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG/440px-Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital" title="Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital">Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital</a> in Kuantan.</figcaption></figure> Pahang population has benefited from a well- developed <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Malaysian health care system</a>, good access to clean water and sanitation, and strong social and economic programmes. Health care services consist of tax-funded and federal government-run primary health care centres and hospitals, and fast-growing private services mainly located in physician clinics and hospitals in urban areas. <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">Infant mortality rate</a> per 1000 live births, a standard in determining the overall efficiency of healthcare, in 2010 was 7.6.<a href="#cite_note-MOH_Indicators2-101">[101]</a> As of national figure, infant mortality fell from 75 per 1000 live births in 1957 to 7 in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Life expectancy at birth in 2016 was 70.8 years for male and 76.3 years for female.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a> The public healthcare system in Pahang is provided by five specialist government hospitals;<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Ampuan_Afzan_Hospital" title="Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital">Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Ahmad_Shah_Hospital" title="Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital">Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital</a>, Bentong Hospital, Kuala Lipis Hospital and Pekan Hospital, as well as other district hospitals, public health clinics, <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia#1Malaysia_clinics" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia clinics</a>, and rural clinics. There are several private hospitals in Pahang, including Kuantan Medical Centre, KPJ Pahang Specialist Hospital, Darul Makmur Medical Centre, PRKMUIP Specialist Hospital and KCDC Hospital. The IIUM Medical Centre located in <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Indera_Mahkota" title="Bandar Indera Mahkota">Bandar Indera Mahkota</a>, is a government-funded <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching hospital</a> managed by <a href="/wiki/Kulliyyah_of_Medicine" title="Kulliyyah of Medicine">Kulliyyah of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Islamic_University_Malaysia" title="International Islamic University Malaysia">International Islamic University Malaysia</a>. For outpatient treatment, general practitioners are available at private-owned clinics which are easily accessible in most housing estates.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The availability of affordable advanced medical services had benefited the state directly from the booming Malaysian <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a>. Public health system is financed mainly through general revenue and taxation collected by the federal government, while the private sector is funded principally through out-of-pocket payments from patients and some private health insurance. There is still, however, a significant shortage in the medical workforce, especially of highly trained specialists; thus, certain medical care and treatment are available only in large towns. Recent efforts to bring many facilities to other towns have been hampered by lack of expertise to run the available equipment. As a result, secondary care is offered in smaller public medical facilities in suburbs and rural areas, while more complex tertiary care is available in regional and national hospitals in urban areas like <a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Pahang" title="List of schools in Pahang">List of schools in Pahang</a></div> Education in Pahang is overseen by two federal ministries, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Education (Malaysia)">Ministry of Education</a> responsible for primary and secondary education, and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)">Ministry of Higher Education</a> that is responsible for universities, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">polytechnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a>. Although public education is the responsibility of the Federal Government, Pahang has an Education Department to co-ordinate educational matters in its territory. The main legislation governing education is the <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1996_(Malaysia)" title="Education Act 1996 (Malaysia)">Education Act 1996</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">education system</a> features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Schools in the primary education system are divided into two categories: national primary schools, which teach in Malay, and vernacular schools, which teach in Chinese or Tamil.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Secondary education is conducted for five years. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the <a href="/wiki/Sijil_Pelajaran_Malaysia" title="Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia">Malaysian Certificate of Education examination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Since the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Matriculation_Programme" title="Malaysian Matriculation Programme">matriculation programme</a> in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges can enroll in local universities. By <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Malaysian law</a>, primary education is compulsory.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Early childhood education is not directly controlled by the Ministry of Education as it does with primary and secondary education. However, the ministry does oversee the licensing of private <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a>, the main form of early childhood education, in accordance with the National Pre-School Quality Standard, which was launched in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Around the time of independence in 1957, overall <a href="/wiki/Adult_literacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult literacy">adult literacy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a> in general was quite low at 51%.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> By the year 2000, adult literacy had increased significantly in Pahang to 92.5% and further increased to 95% ten years later in 2010 census. From these figures, urban literacy was recorded at 95% in 2000 and increased to 97.5 in 2010, while rural literacy was recorded at 90% in 2000 and increased to about 93.5% in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> As of 2017, there are 736 schools in Pahang, which 540 are primary and 196 are secondary schools. Included in this figure are 8 technical/vocational schools and 18 state religious secondary schools managed by Pahang Islamic Religious Department.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In addition to federal and state government-funded schools, there are a number of <a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">international private schools</a> in Pahang. Garden International School, International School of Kuantan, and International Islamic School Malaysia are the three main international schools serving primary and secondary levels. Another notable international school is Highlands International Boarding School located in <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a> that caters secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Tertiary education in the state offers <a href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">certificate</a>, diploma, <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_degree" title="Undergraduate degree">first degree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">higher degree</a> qualifications. The higher learning institutions consist of two major groups, public and private institutions. Public institutions includes universities, polytechnics, community colleges and <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">teacher training institutes</a>. While the private institutions includes private universities, <a href="/wiki/University_college" title="University college">university colleges</a>, foreign branch campus universities and private colleges. Among notable public universities are <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Malaysia_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiti Malaysia Pahang">Universiti Malaysia Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Islamic_University_Malaysia" title="International Islamic University Malaysia">International Islamic University Malaysia</a> Kuantan Campus, one state campus of <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">Universiti Teknologi MARA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tun_Razak,_Jengka" title="Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka">Jengka</a>, and two satellite campuses in <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a>. Pahang is also home to private universities like DRB-Hicom University of Automotive Malaysia and <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional" title="Universiti Tenaga Nasional">Universiti Tenaga Nasional</a> Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">504,945</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">768,801</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+52.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,045,003</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,229,104</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,440,741</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+17.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,064,384</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="#cite_note-2020KF-117">[117]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> According to the latest national census in 2010, Pahang population stood at 1.5 million including non-Malaysian citizens, making it Malaysia's ninth most populous state.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Population_by_State-118">[118]</a> In 2017, with average annual population growth at 1.61%,<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_preliminary-58">[58]</a> the population number is projected to increase to 1.65 million.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Pahang-2">[2]</a> Pahang population is distributed over a large area resulting in the state having the second lowest population density in the country after <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, with only 42 people per km2.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Demography-119">[119]</a> In terms of age group, overall population is relatively young, people within the 0-14 age group constitute to 29.4% of the total population; the 14-64 age group corresponds to 65.4%; while senior citizens aged 65 or older make up 5.2%.<a href="#cite_note-MOH_Indicators-120">[120]</a> The ratio of males to female is the highest in Malaysia at 113,<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Demography-119">[119]</a> with male population was recorded at 0.809 million compared to female population figure at 0.615 million.<a href="#cite_note-MOH_Indicators-120">[120]</a> As of 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">crude birth rate</a> in Pahang was 17.3 per 1000 individuals, the <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">crude death rate</a> was 5.1 per 1000 population, and the <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality rate</a> was 7.6 per 1000 live births.<a href="#cite_note-MOH_Indicators2-101">[101]</a> About 95% of the population are Malaysian citizens. Malaysian citizens are divided along ethnic lines, with 75% considered <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a>. The largest group of bumiputera that make up 70% of Pahang population, are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a>, who are defined in the constitution as Muslims who practice Malay customs and culture. They play a dominant role politically. Bumiputera status is also accorded to certain non-Malay indigenous peoples that make up 5% of the population, in particular the aboriginal groups known as <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a>. Other non-Malay indigenous peoples also include ethnic Thais, Khmers, Chams and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak. 15.3% of the population are of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese descent</a>, while those of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian descent</a> comprise 4% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Population_by_State-118">[118]</a> The presence of Chinese miner-merchants was recorded since the time of the old <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Linehan_1973_31-28">[28]</a> and the community have historically been dominant in the business and commerce community. Immigrants from India, the majority of them <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamils</a> and began arriving in large numbers during British protectorate at the end of the 19th century. Every citizen is issued a biometric smart chip <a href="/wiki/Identity_document" title="Identity document">identity card</a> known as <a href="/wiki/MyKad" class="mw-redirect" title="MyKad">MyKad</a> at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times. In 1957, a large majority of the population resided in rural areas with urbanisation rate stood at only 22.2%.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The urbanisation had increased significantly but relatively at a lower rate compared to other states, owing to its large agricultural lands. The state had the second lowest urbanisation rate after <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> in 2010 census, with 50.5% of the population resided in urban areas and the remainder are rural dwellers.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Demography-119">[119]</a> By 2020, it has been targeted that the urbanisation rate would reach 58.8%.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Major urban centres are <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentong" title="Bentong">Bentong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>, serving as Pahang main commercial and financial centres. Due to the rise in labour-intensive industries, the state has over 74 thousands migrant workers; about 5% of the population, mainly employed in agriculture and industrial sectors.<a href="#cite_note-DOSM_Population_by_State-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg/170px-Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg/255px-Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg/340px-Siti_Nurhaliza_-_KLIFF_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siti_Nurhaliza" title="Siti Nurhaliza">Siti Nurhaliza</a>, a popular singer from Pahang, performing in traditional Malay dress. Malays are the dominant ethnicity in Pahang.</figcaption></figure> As a multiracial country, Malaysia is home to many ethnic groups. In 2016, it is ranked 59th most ethnically diverse countries in the world with index at 0.596. However, ethnic diversity is not equally distributed among its states and territories. Pahang is categorised as medium ethnically diverse state with 0.36 of ethnic diversity index in 2010. It is ranked 5th least diverse among Malaysian states and territories, after Terengganu, Kelantan, Malacca and Perlis. The least ethnically diverse districts are <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rompin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rompin">Rompin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a> (index between 0.1 and 0.39), and the most ethnically diverse districts are <a href="/wiki/Bentong" title="Bentong">Bentong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a> (index between 0.49 and 0.59) where minorities form significant proportion of the population. Ethnic diversity in Pahang was historically high, at an index between 0.5 and 0.6 in the 1970s, but showing a downward trend decades later, largely caused by outward migration, high birth rate of the majority population and the opening up of new agricultural lands particularly the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Development_Authority" title="Federal Land Development Authority">FELDA</a> settlements, that attract many immigrants from other Malaysian states.<a href="#cite_note-Evers-123">[123]</a> The most dominant ethnic group are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a> that make up 70% of Pahang population, who are defined in the constitution as Muslims who practice Malay customs and culture. The Malays in turn, can be further divided into several <a href="/wiki/Sub-ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-ethnic group">sub-ethnic groups</a>, of which the most dominant are the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malays" title="Pahang Malays">Pahang Malays</a>. Historically, the community can be found in the vast riverine systems of Pahang and are prominently featured in the state's history. There are also small Pahang Malay communities in the valley of the Lebir River in <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> and the upper portions of several rivers near the <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> boundaries, descendants of fugitives from the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Civil_War" title="Pahang Civil War">civil war</a> that ravaged their homeland in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Terengganuan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganuan Malay people">Terengganuan Malays</a>, another east coast sub-ethnicity, are native to narrow strip of sometimes discontiguous fishermen villages and towns along the coastline of Pahang.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Other important Malay sub-ethnicities include the <a href="/wiki/Kelantanese_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantanese Malay people">Kelantanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedahan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedahan Malay people">Kedahans</a>, that migrated from <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> respectively, and can be found in major urban centres and agricultural settlements. The Malays are collectively referred as <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a> along with other non-Malay indigenous people that constitutes about 5% of the state's population. The community of <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a> form the most dominant non-Malay indigenous group. According to 2010 census, Pahang has the largest Orang Asli population in Malaysia with 64,000 people, followed by Perak with 42,841 people.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The Orang Asli in Pahang is grouped into 3 large groups; <a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senoi" title="Senoi">Senoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto Malay">Proto Malay</a>. Approximately 40% of them live close to or within forested areas, and engage in swiddening as well as hunting and gathering of forest products. Some also practise permanent agriculture and manage their own rubber, oil palm, or cocoa farms. A very small number, especially among the Negrito groups, are still semi-nomadic and depend on the seasonal bounties of the forest. Due to sweeping modernisation, a fair number of them are to be found in urban areas surviving on their waged or salaried jobs. The three groups of Orang Asli can be divided further into several smaller tribes that traditionally domiciled in certain geographical part of Pahang. The <a href="/wiki/Batek_people" title="Batek people">Bateq</a> tribe of Negrito group can be found in northern part of Pahang. Two Senoi tribes, <a href="/wiki/Semaq_Beri_people" title="Semaq Beri people">Semaq Beri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semai_people" title="Semai people">Semai</a> are also domiciled in northern Pahang. Two other Senoi tribes, <a href="/wiki/Chewong" class="mw-redirect" title="Chewong">Chewong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jah_Hut_people" title="Jah Hut people">Jah Hut</a> communities can be found in central Pahang. Meanwhile, the southern part of the state is dominated by Proto Malay tribes of <a href="/wiki/Jakun_people" title="Jakun people">Jakun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temoq_people" title="Temoq people">Temoq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semelai_people" title="Semelai people">Semelai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Temuan">Temuan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The minorities consist of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indians</a> form collectively about 19.5% of the population. They are descendants of immigrants from China and India that came in large numbers during British protectorate to work in the mines, rubber plantations and various services sector. They are primarily concentrated in the western districts of Raub and Bentong and other urban areas. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ethnic Group </th> <th colspan="4">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2010<a href="#cite_note-2010_census-4">[4]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2015<a href="#cite_note-2015_population-3">[3]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Malay</td> <td>1,052,774</td> <td>70.15%</td> <td>1,146,000</td> <td>70.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other Bumiputras</td> <td>73,413</td> <td>4.89%</td> <td>83,800</td> <td>5.16% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #EEF"> <td style="text-align:left">Bumiputra total</td> <td>1,126,187</td> <td>75.04%</td> <td>1,229,800</td> <td>75.76% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Chinese</td> <td>230,798</td> <td>15.38%</td> <td>241,600</td> <td>14.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Indian</td> <td>63,065</td> <td>4.20%</td> <td>66,300</td> <td>4.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Others</td> <td>6,159</td> <td>0.41%</td> <td>7,800</td> <td>0.480% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #EEF"> <td style="text-align:left">Malaysian total</td> <td>1,426,209</td> <td>95,03%</td> <td>1,545,500</td> <td>95.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Non-Malaysian</td> <td>74,608</td> <td>4.97%</td> <td>77,700</td> <td>4.79% </td></tr> <tr style="background: #DDE"> <td style="text-align:left">Total</td> <td>1,500,817</td> <td>100.00%</td> <td>1,623,200</td> <td>100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Pahang (2010)<a href="#cite_note-religion_2010-128">[128]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:74.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">74.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:14.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:4.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:2.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:1.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unknown / None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Brown; width:0.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Magenta; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The constitution of Pahang established <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as a <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>, but grants <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom to manifest other religions</a> in its territory. In the areas of family law and religious observances, the <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">Sharia law</a> are applied to the Muslims and came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Syariah_Court" title="Syariah Court">Sharia court</a>. The jurisdiction of Syariah courts is limited to Muslims in matters such as marriage, <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a>, divorce, <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">religious conversion</a>, and custody among others. No other criminal or civil offences are under the jurisdiction of the Shariah courts, which have a similar hierarchy to the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of Malaysia">Civil Courts</a>. Despite being the supreme courts of the land, the Civil Courts do not hear matters related to Islamic practices.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Matters related to the enforcement of the Syariah law falls under the jurisdiction of the Jabatan Agama Islam Pahang ('Pahang Islamic Religious Department'). Pahang's constitution empowers the Sultan as the head of Islam and Malay customs in the state. State council known as Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang ('Council of Islam and Malay Customs of Pahang') is responsible in advising the ruler as well as regulating both Islamic affairs and <a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">adat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a> is the dominant branch of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Islam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Peletz2002-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and became the basis of Sharia court rulings and Sharia law passed in the <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang State Legislative Assembly</a>. According to the Population and Housing Census 2010 figures, ethnicity and religious beliefs correlate highly. Approximately 74.9% of the population practice <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Islam</a>, 14.4% practice <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Buddhism</a>, 4% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malaysia" title="Hinduism in Malaysia">Hinduism</a>, 2.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</a>, 1.9% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malaysia" title="Christianity in Malaysia">Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-religion_2010-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Article_160_of_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia">The Malaysian constitution defines a "Malay"</a>, as someone who is a Muslim, speaks Malay regularly, practises Malay customs, and lives in or have ancestors from Malaysia and Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] All Malays are therefore necessarily Muslim. Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 89.4% of the Chinese population identify as Buddhists, with significant minorities of adherents identifying as Christians (6.7%), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a> (2.8%) and Muslims (0.4%). The majority of the Indian population identify as Hindus (90.3%), with a significant minorities of numbers identifying as Muslims (3.6%), Christians (2.5%) and Buddhists (2.3%). The non-Malay <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a> community are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Atheists</a> (51.9%), with significant minorities identifying as Muslims (11.8%) and Christians (11.7%).<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Religious sites in Pahang</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sultan Ahmad Shah State Mosque"><img alt="Sultan Ahmad Shah State Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg/252px-Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg/378px-Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg/504px-Pahang_state_mosque_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2543" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmad_Shah_State_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ahmad Shah State Mosque">Sultan Ahmad Shah State Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chin Swee Caves Temple"><img alt="Chin Swee Caves Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg/270px-Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg/405px-Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg/540px-Genting-Highlands_Malaysia_Chin-Swee-Caves-Temple-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="2869" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chin_Swee_Caves_Temple" title="Chin Swee Caves Temple">Chin Swee Caves Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="All Souls' Church"><img alt="All Souls' Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg/240px-All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg/360px-All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg/480px-All_Souls%27_Church01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Church,_Cameron_Highlands" title="All Souls' Church, Cameron Highlands">All Souls' Church</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> The official and state language of Pahang is <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-134">[134]</a> a standardised form of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The terminology as per federal government policy is Bahasa Malaysia (literally "Malaysian language")<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> but in the federal constitution continues to refer to the official language as Bahasa Melayu (literally "Malay language").<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The National Language Act 1967 specifies the <a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">Latin (Rumi) script</a> as the official <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">script</a> of the national language, but allow the use of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi script</a>.<a href="#cite_note-National_Language_Act_1967-138">[138]</a> Jawi is still used in the official documents of state Islamic religious department and council, on road and building signs, and also taught in primary and religious schools. In 2018, the then <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Pahang" title="Abdullah of Pahang">Regent of Pahang</a> in a royal decree, expressed his wish for a wider use of Jawi on road signs, business premises, office signs, government agencies and all state education offices in the state. Among the earliest response to the royal decree was by Kuantan Municipal Council that announced enforcement by 2019.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> English remains an active <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a>, with its use allowed for some official purposes under the National Language Act of 1967.<a href="#cite_note-National_Language_Act_1967-138">[138]</a> The Malay language spoken in Pahang can be further divided into several varieties of Malay dialects. <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a> is the most dominant Malay dialect spoken along the vast riverine systems of Pahang, but it co-exists with other Malay dialects traditionally spoken in the state. Along the coastline of Pahang, <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a> is spoken in a narrow strip of sometimes discontiguous fishermen villages and towns. Another dialect spoken in <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a> is a distinct Malay variant and most closely related to Riau Archipelago Malay subdialect spoken in <a href="/wiki/Natuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuna">Natuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anambas_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Anambas islands">Anambas islands</a> in the South China Sea, together forming a dialect continuum between the Bornean Malay with the Mainland Peninsular/Sumatran Malay. <a href="/wiki/Kelantan_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan Malay">Kelantanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedahan</a>, along with other Malay dialects are also spoken by immigrants from other Malaysian states. Pahang is also home to majority of <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a> languages, mostly belong to <a href="/wiki/Aslian_languages" title="Aslian languages">Aslian</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Semai_language" title="Semai language">Semai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batek_language" title="Batek language">Batek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semoq_Beri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Semoq Beri language">Semoq Beri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jah_Hut_language" title="Jah Hut language">Jah Hut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temoq_language" title="Temoq language">Temoq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Che%27_Wong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Che' Wong language">Che Wong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semelai_language" title="Semelai language">Semelai</a> (although recognised as "<a href="/wiki/Proto-Malay" title="Proto-Malay">Proto-Malay</a>"), <a href="/wiki/Temiar_language" title="Temiar language">Temiar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mendriq_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendriq language">Mendriq</a>. Besides Austroasiatic, Proto-Malay languages that is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> are also spoken, mostly <a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a>. Malaysian Chinese predominantly speak Chinese dialects from the southern provinces of China. The more common <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese varieties</a> in the country are <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> is used predominantly by Tamils, who form a majority of Malaysian Indians. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahang_House1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pahang_House1.jpg/220px-Pahang_House1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pahang_House1.jpg/330px-Pahang_House1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pahang_House1.jpg/440px-Pahang_House1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The traditional Serambi house of Pahang.</figcaption></figure> As a less ethnically diverse state, the traditional culture of Pahang is largely predominated by the <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">indigenous</a> culture, of both Malays and Orang Asli. Both cultures trace their origin from the early settlers in the state that consist primarily from both various <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a> speaking <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesians</a> and Mon-Khmer speaking <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> tribes.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Around the opening of the common era, <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a> was introduced to the region, where it flourished with the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Buddhist state</a> from the 5th century.<a href="#cite_note-Guy_2014_29-19">[19]</a> Malayic cultures flourished during <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijayan</a> era, and <a href="/wiki/Malayisation" title="Malayisation">Malayisation</a> intensified after Pahang was established as a <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Malay-Muslim Sultanate</a> in 1470. The development of many Malay-dominated centres in the state, drew some of the natives to embrace <a href="/wiki/Malayness" title="Malayness">Malayness</a> by converting to Islam, emulating the Malay speech and their dress.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malays" title="Pahang Malays">Pahang Malays</a> share similar cultural traits with other sub-groups of <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay people</a> native to the Malay Peninsula. They are in particular closely affiliated to peoples of the east coast of the peninsula like <a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Thai Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terengganuan_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganuan Malay people">Terengganuan Malays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelantanese_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantanese Malay people">Kelantanese Malays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Unlike the relatively homogeneous Malay culture, the cultural features Orang Asli are represented by significantly diverse tribal identities. Prior to the 1960, the various indigenous groups did not consciously adopt a common ethnic marker to differentiate themselves from the Malays. The label 'Orang Asli' itself was historically came from the British. Each tribe has its own language and culture, and perceives itself as different from the others. This micro identity was largely derived spatially, from geographical area they traditionally settled. Their cultural distinctiveness was relative only to other Orang Asli communities, and these perceived differences were great enough for each group to regard itself as unique from the other.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In 1971, the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Malaysian culture. It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it.<a href="#cite_note-Papers-145">[145]</a> It also promoted the Malay language above others.<a href="#cite_note-Cinema-146">[146]</a> This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among immigrant communities who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.<a href="#cite_note-Papers-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Arts">edit</a>]</div> Traditional visual arts was mainly centred on the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and ranges from handwoven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts. The Malays had traditionally adorned their monuments, boats, weapons, tombs, musical instrument, and utensils by motives of flora, calligraphy, geometry and cosmic feature.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Common artworks included ornamental <a href="/wiki/Kris" title="Kris">kris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beetle_nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Beetle nut">beetle nut</a> sets, and woven <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a> fabrics. The Malay handloom industry traced its origin since the 13th century when the eastern trade route flourished under <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> By the 16th century, the silk weaving industry in Pahang had perfected a style called <a href="/wiki/Tenun_Pahang_Diraja" title="Tenun Pahang Diraja">Tenun Pahang</a>, a special clothing fabric used in the special traditional Malay costumes and attires of Pahang rulers and palace officials.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In addition to silk weaving, <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a> weaving has been part of the small cottage industry in the state. Although not as popular, Pahang batik has, nevertheless, thrived as a small industry in the periphery of the fame of the Terengganu and Kelantan batik.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Over the centuries, a distinctive style of <a href="/wiki/Baju_Kurung" title="Baju Kurung">Baju Kurung</a> was developed in Pahang, commonly known as Baju Kurung Pahang or Baju Riau-Pahang, or sometimes called Baju Turki. This is a long gown styled dress, cut at the front with 7 or more buttons and worn with a <a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Traditional Malay music is based around percussion instruments,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> the most important of which is the <a href="/wiki/Gendang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendang">gendang</a> (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums.<a href="#cite_note-Zaki-155">[155]</a> Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.<a href="#cite_note-Zaki-155">[155]</a> Pahang traditional music may be classified as a type of old oral literature in poetic forms, which exist in several different genres. The most notable one is a set of 36 songs in Indung dance.<a href="#cite_note-Chan_1998_103-156">[156]</a> Another significant genre is a set of healing songs in Saba dance commonly performed using shamanistic charms<a href="#cite_note-Chan_1998_103-156">[156]</a> There are other genres exist, among others are songs from traditional dances of Mayang', Limbung and Lukah, songs from Dikir Rebana, Berdah, Main Puteri and Ugam performances, as well as Lagu dodoi (lullabies), Lagu bercerita (story telling songs) and Lagu Permainan (children game songs).<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Other popular Pahang folk songs included; Walinung Sari, Burung Kenek-Kenek, Pak Sang Bagok, Lagu Zikir, Lagu Orang Muda, Pak Sendayung, Anak Ayam Turun Sepuluh, Cung-Cung Nai, Awang Belanga, Kek Nong or Dayang Kek Nong, Camang Di Laut, Datuk Kemenyan Tunggal, Berlagu Ayam, Walida Sari, Raja Donan, Raja Muda, Syair Tua, Anak Dagang, Puteri Bongsu, Raja Putera, Puteri Mayang Mengurai, Puteri Tujuh, Pujuk Lebah, Ketuk Kabung (Buai Kangkong) and Tebang Tebu.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Forms of ritual theatre among the Pahang Malays include the Main Puteri,<a href="#cite_note-Norazit_Selat_2000_28-160">[160]</a> Saba<a href="#cite_note-Chan_1998_103-156">[156]</a> and many forms of Ugam performances. There are Ugam Mayang, Ugam Lukah, Ugam Kukur and Ugam Serkap, all of which involve trance and serve as agents of healing by a <a href="/wiki/Bomoh" title="Bomoh">Bomoh</a>. Ugam Mayang is also popularly known in Terengganu and the rest of Malaysia as <a href="/wiki/Ulek_Mayang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulek Mayang">Ulek Mayang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> One of the most popular dance theatre is <a href="/wiki/Mak_Yong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mak Yong">Mak Yong</a>, which is also performed in Kelantan and Terengganu.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Popular dance forms also include Joget Pahang( a local style of <a href="/wiki/Joget" title="Joget">Joget</a>),<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Zapin Pekan and Zapin Raub (local styles of <a href="/wiki/Zapin" title="Zapin">Zapin</a>),<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> and Dikir Pahang or Dikir Rebana (a modified and secularised form of <a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">dhikr</a> or religious chanting, also performed in Kelantan as <a href="/wiki/Dikir_barat" title="Dikir barat">Dikir barat</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Chan_1998_103-156">[156]</a> Dikir Rebana which is further divided into Dikir Maulud and Dikir Berdah, has many songs played by a group of 5 to 7 people and was historically performed in the royal court. Pahang performing arts also include some native dance forms like Limbung, <a href="/wiki/Labi-labi_(dance)" title="Labi-labi (dance)">Labi-Labi</a>, Pelanduk and Indung.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> A distinct form of <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> adopted from the Javanese culture during the time of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Empire">Johor Empire</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Malay_Gamelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay Gamelan">Malay Gamelan</a> or Gamelan Pahang, forms the main musical ensemble heritage in the state and patronised by royal court of Pahang since the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Pahang has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today. Prominent <a href="/wiki/Malay_folklore" title="Malay folklore">Malay folklore</a> of Pahang origin, includes such bardic tales as the legends of <a href="/wiki/Walinong_Sari" title="Walinong Sari">Putri Walinong Sari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sang_Kelembai" title="Sang Kelembai">Sang Kelembai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seri_Gumum_Dragon" title="Seri Gumum Dragon">Seri Gumum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chini_Lake" title="Chini Lake">Chini Lake</a>, and the white crocodile <a href="/wiki/Seri_Pahang" title="Seri Pahang">Seri Pahang</a> of Pahang River. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">oral literature</a>, the literary tradition in Pahang traced back to the time of the old <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a>. Contribution into the rich <a href="/wiki/Classical_Malay_literature" title="Classical Malay literature">Classical Malay literature</a> is attested in the form of legal literature like <a href="/wiki/Hukum_Kanun_Pahang" title="Hukum Kanun Pahang">Hukum Kanun Pahang</a> and historical literature like Hikayat Pahang. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> Traditional Pahang cuisine features a lot of seafood, similar to the traditional cuisine of other states. From its rivers and lakes come the fresh water fish such as the patin (<a href="/wiki/Pangasius" title="Pangasius">Pangasius</a>). Certain dishes are shared with other Malay groups, like Singgang, Tembosa, <a href="/wiki/Sata_(food)" title="Sata (food)">Satak</a> and Lempeng Nyiur which also commonly found in Kelantan and Terengganu.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> While some other regional dishes are prepared in Pahang style like <a href="/wiki/Ikan_Bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikan Bakar">Ikan Bakar Petai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">Laksa Pahang</a>. There are also popular foreign dishes prepared with the distinctly Pahang style like <a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">Murtabak Mengkasar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puding_Diraja" title="Puding Diraja">Puding Diraja</a> ('Royal Pudding'), both can be found in Pahang's royal capital, <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Khor_2016-168">[168]</a> The staple food in a Pahang culinary tradition is rice, which is also common in any other Asian cultures. Rice is commonly served with <a href="/wiki/Gulai" title="Gulai">gulai</a> or singgang, <a href="/wiki/Ulam_(salad)" title="Ulam (salad)">ulam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a> condiments. Popular sambals are sambal hitam, sambal tempoyak and sambal belacan. One of the most famous gulai in Pahang that has been established as the signature dish of the state, is Gulai Tempoyak Patin. The dish consists of juicy, tender patin fish cooked in curry made of <a href="/wiki/Tempoyak" title="Tempoyak">tempoyak</a> (fermented <a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">durian</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Khor_2016-168">[168]</a> Other notable Pahang gulai are Gulai Patin Asam Rebus (a dish similar to the Gulai Tempoyak Patin but the watery soup or gravy, tastes a little sour and spicy) and <a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_Rong" class="extiw" title="ms:Asam Rong">Asam Rong</a> (a sour and slightly bitter taste gulai made of processed rubber tree fruits).<a href="#cite_note-Khor_2016-168">[168]</a> Other popular Pahang dishes are Nasi Kebuli, Opor Daging and Paceri Nenas.<a href="#cite_note-Khor_2016-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holidays_and_festivals">Holidays and festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Holidays and festivals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays in Malaysia</a></div> Pahangites observe a number of holidays and festivities throughout the year. Some are federally gazetted public holidays and some are observed by exclusively within the state. Other festivals are observed by particular ethnic or religion groups, and the main holiday of each major group has been declared a public holiday. Hari Hol Pahang is a public holiday commemorating the death date of the former Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Pahang" title="Abu Bakar of Pahang">Abu Bakar</a>. The holiday is observed every 7 May. The Sultan of Pahang's Birthday is celebrated as a public holiday on 24 October. Other most observed national holiday is <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Malaysia)" title="Independence Day (Malaysia)">Hari Merdeka</a> (Independence Day) on 31 August, commemorating the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-170">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">Malaysia Day</a> on 16 September commemorates federation in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Other notable national holidays are Labour Day (1 May) and the King's birthday (first week of June).<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-170">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim holidays">Muslim holidays</a> are prominent as Islam is the state religion; Hari Raya Puasa (also called Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Malay for <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a>), Hari Raya Haji (also called Hari Raya Aidiladha, Malay for <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Adha">Eid ul-Adha</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Maulidur Rasul</a> (birthday of the Prophet), and <a href="/wiki/Nuzul_Al-Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuzul Al-Quran">Nuzul Al-Quran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-170">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> celebrate festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> and others relating to traditional Chinese beliefs. Majority of the Chinese who are also Buddhist, celebrate <a href="/wiki/Wesak" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesak">Wesak Day</a>. Hindus in Pahang celebrate <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a>, the festival of lights,<a href="#cite_note-MSU-172">[172]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a>, although an important federal public holiday, is not gazetted as state public holiday. Pahang's Christian community celebrates most of the holidays observed by Christians elsewhere, most notably Christmas and Easter. Despite most festivals being identified with a particular ethnic or religious group, celebrations are universal. In a custom known as "open house" all Malaysians participate in the celebrations of others, often visiting the houses of those who identify with the festival.<a href="#cite_note-MIDA-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg/220px-Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg/330px-Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg/440px-Royal_Pahang_Polo_Club_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The Royal Pahang Polo Club Monument.</figcaption></figure> Sports in Pahang is administered through the State Youth and Sports Committee, chaired by a member of <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Executive_Council" title="Pahang State Executive Council">State Executive Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The Youth and Sports Department of Pahang is a state branch of the National Department of Youth and Sports, a department under <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Youth and Sports (Malaysia)">Ministry of Youth and Sports</a>. To produce more athletes and to improve and raise the standard of sports in the state, the Pahang State Sports Council was established in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> is exclusively patronised by the state <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Royal Family</a> in addition to association football. Founded in 1926, the Royal Pahang Polo Club is the country's one of the oldest Polo club. In the 1990s, the club started the Royal Pahang Classic, an annual high goal tournament that brought the best players in the world to play at Pekan, Pahang.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The three most popular sports at national level are association football, badminton and <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a>. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Ahmad Shah of Pahang">Ahmad Shah</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tengku Abdullah">Tengku Abdullah</a> are the well-known figures of the <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Malaysia" title="Football Association of Malaysia">Football Association of Malaysia</a>, having headed the governing body of association football for more than three decades. Tengku Abdullah who was president of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Hockey_Confederation" title="Malaysian Hockey Confederation">Malaysian Hockey Confederation</a> from 2008 to 2015, is also a member of <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Council" title="FIFA Council">FIFA Council</a> and president of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Hockey_Federation" title="Asian Hockey Federation">Asian Hockey Federation</a>. Within Malaysia, Pahang was the host of the sixth edition of <a href="/wiki/SUKMA_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="SUKMA Games">SUKMA Games</a> in 1996 and the fifteenth edition in <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Sukma_Games" title="2011–2012 Sukma Games">2012</a>. The state also has its representatives in national camp that compete at various international sporting events. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadium_Pahang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stadium_Pahang.jpg/220px-Stadium_Pahang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stadium_Pahang.jpg/330px-Stadium_Pahang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stadium_Pahang.jpg/440px-Stadium_Pahang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6870" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Darul_Makmur_Stadium" title="Darul Makmur Stadium">Darul Makmur Stadium</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg/220px-CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg/330px-CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg/440px-CYpJtNmUMAEdN3x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak_Stadium" title="Tun Abdul Razak Stadium">Tun Abdul Razak Stadium</a>.</figcaption></figure> The state is served by 6 main sports complexes, managed by the Youth and Sports Department,<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> two <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi-purpose stadium</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium" title="Soccer-specific stadium">football stadium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Darul_Makmur_Stadium" title="Darul Makmur Stadium">Darul Makmur Stadium</a> in Kuantan is the main stadium for <a href="/wiki/Pahang_FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahang FA">Pahang FA</a> that compete in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Super_League" title="Malaysia Super League">Malaysia Super League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuantan_FA" title="Kuantan FA">Kuantan FA</a> that compete in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Premier_League" title="Malaysia Premier League">Malaysia Premier League</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shahzan_Muda_F.C." title="Shahzan Muda F.C.">Shahzan Muda F.C.</a> that compete in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_FAM_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia FAM League">Malaysia FAM League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak_Stadium" title="Tun Abdul Razak Stadium">Tun Abdul Razak Stadium</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Maran_District" title="Maran District">Maran District</a> is the home stadium for <a href="/wiki/Felda_United_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Felda United F.C.">Felda United F.C.</a>, another major team in Malaysia Super League. <a href="/wiki/Temerloh_Mini_Stadium" title="Temerloh Mini Stadium">Temerloh Mini Stadium</a> is the secondary home ground for Pahang FA and Shahzan Muda. Traditional sports include <a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a>, the most common style of martial arts also practised in other states of Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore. <a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a> practised in Pahang are diverse, with vast differences in training tools, methods and philosophy across different schools and styles. The Silat Melayu of Pahang may generally be divided into two major groups. Styles like Lincah, Gayong and Cekak which are widely practised at national level in Malaysia, coexist with eclectic local Pahang styles like Silat Terlak, Silat Lian, Silat Tari Pulut, Silat Melayu Lok Keris 9, Silat Sendeng 2 Beradik, Silat Tongkat Panding Juan, Silat Laksamana, Silat Sutan Muaakad, Silat Pedang, Silat Setimbun Tulang, Silat Carik Kapor and Silat Sangkar Maut.<a href="#cite_note-Norazit_Selat_2000_28-160">[160]</a> Pahang long coastline and vast riverine systems are perfect for a wide range of water sports and activities. <a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">Rafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">sailing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jet_skiing" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet skiing">jet skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> are among popular water sports. The surf season normally begins from October–November to February–March, during which the beaches on the East Coast becomes a no-entry danger zone during the monsoon season due to strong winds and ferocious waves. In Pahang, <a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a> beach is by far one of the most popular places to surf in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Pahang" title="List of tourist attractions in Pahang">List of tourist attractions in Pahang</a></div> Tourism makes up one of the largest sectors Pahang's economy, contributing approximately 26% of the overall state economy.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In 2016, the state hosted a total 12.8 million visitors with revenue worth more than RM7 billion. 2.9 million from this figure were foreign tourists mainly from Singapore, China, and Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-Statistics_2016_Pahang_Tourism-180">[180]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, being the top destinations.<a href="#cite_note-The_Edge-181">[181]</a> Domestic tourists made up the remaining 9.9 million.<a href="#cite_note-Statistics_2016_Pahang_Tourism-180">[180]</a> The top five most visited places by Malaysians in Pahang were Cameron Highlands, Genting Highlands, Teluk Cempedak, Gambang Water Park and Cherating.<a href="#cite_note-The_Edge-181">[181]</a> Of the hotels rated by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Pahang has the third highest proportion of luxury hotels after <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>. Pahang also recorded the highest occupancy rates at 81.1%, with Kuala Lumpur and Selangor having the second and third highest occupancy rates at 69.7% and 68.2%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/First_World_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="First World Hotel">First World Hotel</a> located in Genting Highlands houses 7,351 rooms and is currently the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_hotels" title="List of largest hotels">largest hotel in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-largesthotel-183">[183]</a> Pahang implements national tourism development policies at state level, in addition to coastal zone development plan which includes consideration of tourism.<a href="#cite_note-National_Ecotourism_Plan-184">[184]</a> With richn biodiversity, Pahang offers ecotourism in all its forms. Conventional tourism along the coast occurs mainly on the coastline north of Kuantan, where there are famous beach towns like <a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_Hitam" title="Batu Hitam">Batu Hitam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beserah" title="Beserah">Beserah</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a> is Pahang's prime island resource. The waters around the entire island and the Seri Buat Island groups, totalling nine islands, are gazetted <a href="/wiki/Marine_park" title="Marine park">marine parks</a>. Peninsular Malaysia's highest peak, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tahan" title="Mount Tahan">Mount Tahan</a>, can be accessed via Pahang.<a href="#cite_note-National_Ecotourism_Plan-184">[184]</a> Pahang also contains three of Peninsular Malaysia's major <a href="/wiki/Hill_station" title="Hill station">hill stations</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_Hill" title="Fraser's Hill">Fraser's Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a>. Each has been developed on a different concept. Cameron Highlands is famous for its sprawling tea plantations, butterflies, strawberries and honey bee farms.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Fraser's Hill is one of Malaysia's few pristine forests, with a high level of biodiversity. It is one of Malaysia's premier locations for bird-watching.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> While Genting Highlands is famous for its cool & breezy weather with indoor & outdoor theme park, <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_art" title="State of the art">state of the art</a> entertainment centre, five-star hotels and home of the only casino in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taman_Negara" title="Taman Negara">Taman Negara</a> is the most frequented lowland forest reserve.<a href="#cite_note-National_Ecotourism_Plan-184">[184]</a> It has one of the oldest rainforests in the world, estimated at 130 million years old.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenong_Rimba_Park" title="Kenong Rimba Park">Kenong Rimba Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lipis" title="Kuala Lipis">Kuala Lipis</a> is another forest reserve retained as an alternative support to Taman Negara.<a href="#cite_note-National_Ecotourism_Plan-184">[184]</a> Another notable forest reserve, the <a href="/wiki/Endau-Rompin_National_Park" title="Endau-Rompin National Park">Endau-Rompin National Park</a> is being promoted by the Government of Pahang as another important ecotourism site. Located within Pahang's large lowland forest is <a href="/wiki/Krau_Wildlife_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Krau Wildlife Reserve">Krau Wildlife Reserve</a> that contains <a href="/wiki/Seladang" class="mw-redirect" title="Seladang">Seladang</a> breeding station at Jenderak as well as Elephant conservation centre at <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Gandah_Elephant_Conservation_Centre" title="Kuala Gandah Elephant Conservation Centre">Kuala Gandah</a>. The Pahang River is another tourism asset. The upper reaches of some of its tributaries is suitable for water sports like canoeing and whitewater rafting. Many waterfalls are accessible to the public especially in recreational forests. Famous waterfalls include <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Pandan_Waterfall" title="Sungai Pandan Waterfall">Sungai Pandan Waterfall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berkelah_Falls" title="Berkelah Falls">Berkelah Falls</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bera_Lake" title="Bera Lake">Bera Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chini_Lake" title="Chini Lake">Chini Lake</a> are important and rare examples of natural lakes in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-National_Ecotourism_Plan-184">[184]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Tourist attractions in Pahang</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_plantations_2,_Pahang,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cameron Highlands"><img alt="Cameron Highlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tea_plantations_2%2C_Pahang%2C_Malaysia.jpg/270px-Tea_plantations_2%2C_Pahang%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tea_plantations_2%2C_Pahang%2C_Malaysia.jpg/405px-Tea_plantations_2%2C_Pahang%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tea_plantations_2%2C_Pahang%2C_Malaysia.jpg/540px-Tea_plantations_2%2C_Pahang%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3984" data-file-height="2656" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Salang,_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salang Bay, Tioman Island"><img alt="Salang Bay, Tioman Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg/360px-Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-Salang%2C_Tioman_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salang Bay, <a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Colmar_Tropicale_Berjaya_Hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colmar Tropicale, Bukit Tinggi"><img alt="Colmar Tropicale, Bukit Tinggi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Colmar_Tropicale_Berjaya_Hills.jpg/270px-Colmar_Tropicale_Berjaya_Hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Colmar_Tropicale_Berjaya_Hills.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Colmar_Tropicale" title="Colmar Tropicale">Colmar Tropicale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tinggi,_Pahang" title="Bukit Tinggi, Pahang">Bukit Tinggi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sungai Pandan Waterfall"><img alt="Sungai Pandan Waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg/233px-Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg/349px-Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg/466px-Air_Terjun_Sungai_Pandan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="454" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Pandan_Waterfall" title="Sungai Pandan Waterfall">Sungai Pandan Waterfall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Genting_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genting Highlands"><img alt="Genting Highlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Genting_01.jpg/283px-Genting_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Genting_01.jpg/424px-Genting_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Genting_01.jpg/565px-Genting_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2734" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=28311&lan=en&sid=1&sp=0&isNew=0">the original</a> on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+moving+forward+in+matters+of+Islam+and+women+by+Marina+Mahathir&rft.pub=Common+Ground+News+Service&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft.aulast=Mahathir&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commongroundnews.org%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D28311%26lan%3Den%26sid%3D1%26sp%3D0%26isNew%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peletz2002-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Peletz2002_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeletz,_Michael_G.2002" class="citation book cs1">Peletz, Michael G. 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Retrieved 22 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Taman+Negara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.gov.my%2Fen%2Fmy%2Fweb-page%2Fplaces%2Fstates-of-malaysia%2Fpahang%2Ftaman-negara%3Fpage%3D%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Sarji_Abdul_Hamid2011" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid (2011), The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, vol. 16 - The Rulers of Malaysia, Editions Didier Millet, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-3018-54-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-3018-54-9"><bdi>978-981-3018-54-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Malaysia&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-981-3018-54-9&rft.au=Ahmad+Sarji+Abdul+Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndayaAndaya1984" class="citation cs2">Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Yuzon (1984), A History of Malaysia, London: Palgrave Macmillan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-38121-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-38121-9"><bdi>978-0-312-38121-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Malaysia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-312-38121-9&rft.aulast=Andaya&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Watson&rft.au=Andaya%2C+Leonard+Yuzon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAripin_Said1997" class="citation cs2">Aripin Said (1997), Lagu-Lagu Tradisional Rakyat Pahang (Pahang folk songs), Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Pelancongan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/967-903-014-8" title="Special:BookSources/967-903-014-8"><bdi>967-903-014-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lagu-Lagu+Tradisional+Rakyat+Pahang+%28Pahang+folk+songs%29&rft.pub=Kementerian+Kebudayaan%2C+Kesenian+dan+Pelancongan&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=967-903-014-8&rft.au=Aripin+Said&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnard2004" class="citation cs2">Barnard, Timothy P. 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present day</a>, New Straits Times, retrieved 29 October 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Pre-Malaccan+period+to+present+day&rft.pub=New+Straits+Times&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Khoo&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1309%26dat%3D19800710%26id%3DUalUAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5374%2C2077239%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhor2016" class="citation cs2">Khor, Samantha (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://says.com/my/lifestyle/famous-food-in-pahang">10 Pahang Dishes You Should Try Before You Die</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=10+Pahang+Dishes+You+Should+Try+Before+You+Die&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Khor&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Flifestyle%2Ffamous-food-in-pahang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinehan1973" class="citation cs2">Linehan, William (1973), History of Pahang, Malaysian Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society, Kuala Lumpur, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0710-101-37-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0710-101-37-2"><bdi>978-0710-101-37-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Pahang&rft.pub=Malaysian+Branch+Of+The+Royal+Asiatic+Society%2C+Kuala+Lumpur&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0710-101-37-2&rft.aulast=Linehan&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaznah_Mohammad2000" class="citation cs2">Maznah Mohammad (2000), The Malay handloom weavers: a study of the rise and decline of traditional manufacture, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9813-016-99-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9813-016-99-6"><bdi>978-9813-016-99-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malay+handloom+weavers%3A+a+study+of+the+rise+and+decline+of+traditional+manufacture&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9813-016-99-6&rft.au=Maznah+Mohammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerWilliams2008" class="citation cs2">Miller, Terry E.; Williams, Sean (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XDm80zCZGKAC">The Garland handbook of Southeast Asian music</a>, Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 223–224, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93144-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93144-8"><bdi>978-0-203-93144-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garland+handbook+of+Southeast+Asian+music&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E224&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-203-93144-8&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Terry+E.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXDm80zCZGKAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilner2010" class="citation cs2">Milner, Anthony (2010), The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific), Wiley-Blackwell, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1444-339-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1444-339-03-1"><bdi>978-1444-339-03-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malays+%28The+Peoples+of+South-East+Asia+and+the+Pacific%29&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1444-339-03-1&rft.aulast=Milner&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMines_BureauGeological_SurveyInterior_Department2015" class="citation cs2">Mines Bureau; Geological Survey; Interior Department, eds. (2015), Minerals Yearbook: Area Reports: International Review 2012 Asia And The Pacific, Government Printing Office, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1411-336-76-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1411-336-76-6"><bdi>978-1411-336-76-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minerals+Yearbook%3A+Area+Reports%3A+International+Review+2012+Asia+And+The+Pacific&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1411-336-76-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishra2010" class="citation cs2">Mishra, Patit Paban (2010), The History of Thailand, Greenwood, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313-340-91-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313-340-91-8"><bdi>978-0313-340-91-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Thailand&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0313-340-91-8&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Patit+Paban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunoz2007" class="citation cs2">Munoz, Paul Michel (2007), Early Kingdoms of The Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula, Didier Millet, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9814155670" title="Special:BookSources/978-9814155670"><bdi>978-9814155670</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Kingdoms+of+The+Indonesian+Archipelago+and+the+Malay+Peninsula&rft.pub=Didier+Millet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9814155670&rft.aulast=Munoz&rft.aufirst=Paul+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorazit_Selat2000" class="citation cs2">Norazit Selat (2000), Pahang: Sejarah dan Budaya (Pahang: History and Culture), Lembaga Muzium Negeri Pahang (Muzium Authority of Pahang)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pahang%3A+Sejarah+dan+Budaya+%28Pahang%3A+History+and+Culture%29&rft.pub=Lembaga+Muzium+Negeri+Pahang+%28Muzium+Authority+of+Pahang%29&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Norazit+Selat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxford_Business_Group2010" class="citation cs2">Oxford Business Group (2010), The Report - Malaysia 2010, Oxford Business, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1907-065-20-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1907-065-20-0"><bdi>978-1907-065-20-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Report+-+Malaysia+2010&rft.pub=Oxford+Business&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1907-065-20-0&rft.au=Oxford+Business+Group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajani1987" class="citation cs2">Rajani, Chand Chirayu (1987), Towards a history of Laem Thong and Sri Vijaya (Asian studies monographs), Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9745-675-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9745-675-01-8"><bdi>978-9745-675-01-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+a+history+of+Laem+Thong+and+Sri+Vijaya+%28Asian+studies+monographs%29&rft.pub=Institute+of+Asian+Studies%2C+Chulalongkorn+University&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-9745-675-01-8&rft.aulast=Rajani&rft.aufirst=Chand+Chirayu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Tun)_Suzana_(Tun)_Othman2002" class="citation cs2">(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman (2002), Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang (The Bendahara Institution: The Lost Malay Jewel: The Dynasty of Bendahara of Johor-Pahang), Pustaka BSM Enterprise, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-40566-6-4" title="Special:BookSources/983-40566-6-4"><bdi>983-40566-6-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institusi+Bendahara%3A+Permata+Melayu+yang+Hilang%3A+Dinasti+Bendahara+Johor-Pahang+%28The+Bendahara+Institution%3A+The+Lost+Malay+Jewel%3A+The+Dynasty+of+Bendahara+of+Johor-Pahang%29&rft.pub=Pustaka+BSM+Enterprise&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=983-40566-6-4&rft.au=%28Tun%29+Suzana+%28Tun%29+Othman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakiah_Hanum1989" class="citation cs2">Zakiah Hanum (1989), Asal-usul negeri-negeri di Malaysia (The Origin of States in Malaysia), Times Books International, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-654-67-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-654-67-2"><bdi>978-9971-654-67-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asal-usul+negeri-negeri+di+Malaysia+%28The+Origin+of+States+in+Malaysia%29&rft.pub=Times+Books+International&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-9971-654-67-2&rft.au=Zakiah+Hanum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaki_Ragman2003" class="citation book cs1">Zaki Ragman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1qIhB0I3Pq0C">Gateway to Malay culture</a>. Asiapac Books Ptd Ltd. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-229-326-4" title="Special:BookSources/981-229-326-4"><bdi>981-229-326-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gateway+to+Malay+culture&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Asiapac+Books+Ptd+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=981-229-326-4&rft.au=Zaki+Ragman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1qIhB0I3Pq0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWWF-Malaysia1997" class="citation cs2">WWF-Malaysia (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013172545/http://repository.wwf.org.my/technical_reports/W/WWFMalaysiaConservationEffortsInPahangDarulMakmur.pdf">WWF Malaysia's Conservation Efforts in Pahang Darul Makmur</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">WWF</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.wwf.org.my/technical_reports/W/WWFMalaysiaConservationEffortsInPahangDarulMakmur.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 October 2017, retrieved 29 October 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WWF+Malaysia%27s+Conservation+Efforts+in+Pahang+Darul+Makmur&rft.pub=WWF&rft.date=1997&rft.au=WWF-Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.wwf.org.my%2Ftechnical_reports%2FW%2FWWFMalaysiaConservationEffortsInPahangDarulMakmur.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFY._TachikawaR._JamesK._AbdullahMohd._Nor_bin_Mohd._Desa2004" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Y. Tachikawa; R. James; K. Abdullah; Mohd. Nor bin Mohd. Desa (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_05/7_Malaysia-5.pdf">Catalogue of Rivers for Southeast Asia and The Pacific</a> (PDF), vol. 5 - Malaysia - Pahang, The Unesco-IHP Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and The Pacific, retrieved 29 October 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Rivers+for+Southeast+Asia+and+The+Pacific&rft.pub=The+Unesco-IHP+Regional+Steering+Committee+for+Southeast+Asia+and+The+Pacific&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Y.+Tachikawa&rft.au=R.+James&rft.au=K.+Abdullah&rft.au=Mohd.+Nor+bin+Mohd.+Desa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fihp%2FriverCatalogue%2FVol_05%2F7_Malaysia-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APahang" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Borschberg, Peter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nus.edu.sg/nuspress/subjects/SS/978-9971-69-464-7.html">"The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century"</a>, Singapore: NUS Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-464-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-464-7">978-9971-69-464-7</a>.</li> <li>Borschberg, Peter, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nus.edu.sg/nuspress/subjects/history/978-9971-69-528-6.html">"Security, Trade and Society in 17th-Century Southeast Asia: The Memoirs and Memorials of Jacques de Coutre"</a>, Singapore: NUS Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-528-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-528-6">978-9971-69-528-6</a>.</li> <li>Borschberg, Peter, "The value of Matelieff's writings for the study of Southeast Asia, c.1600-1620," Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 48, 3 (2017): 414–435. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002246341700056X">10.1017/S002246341700056X</a></li> <li>Erédia, M. Godinho de, "Malaca, l'Inde Méridionale e le Cathay: Manuscrit original autographe de Godinho de Eredia appartenant à la Bibliothèque Royale de Bruxelles", tr. M.L. Janssen (Bruxelles: Librairie Européenne C. Muquardt, 1882).</li> <li>Erédia, M. Godinho de, "Informação da Aurea Quersoneso, ou Península, e das Ilhas Auríferas, Carbúculas e Aromáticas", ed. by R.M. Loureiro (Macau: Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau, 2008).</li> <li>Linehan, W., "History of Pahang", Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 14.2 (1936): 1–256. (This title is available in various MBRAS reprints).</li> <li>Milner, A.C., "The Invention of Politics in Colonial Malaya: Contesting Nationalism and the Expansion of Public Space", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.</li> <li>Milner, A.C., "Kerajaan: Malay Political Culture on the Eve of Colonial Rule", Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1982.</li> <li>Rouffaer, G.P., "Was Malaka Emporium vóór 1400 A.D. genaamd Malajoer? En waar lag Woerawari, Ma-Hasin, Langka, Batoesawar?", Bijdragen van het Koninklijke Instituut vor Taal-, Letter- en Volkenkunde, 77 (1921): 1-174 and 359–604.</li> <li>Schlegel, G., "Geographical Notes VIII: Pa-hoang, Pang-k'ang, Pang-hang, Pahang or Panggang", T'Oung Pao, 10 (1899): 39–46.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahang&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> Pahang at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pahang" class="extiw" title="c:Pahang">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pahang" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Pahang">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pahang" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Pahang">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pahang" class="extiw" title="voy:Pahang">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pahang.gov.my">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191346#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pahangtourism.org.my/">Pahang</a> at Pahang Tourism</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/pahang-tioman-island">Pahang</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Pahang25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Pahang25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Pahang</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampar_District" title="Kampar District">Kampar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kinta_District" title="Kinta District">Kinta</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gua_Musang_District" title="Gua Musang District">Gua Musang</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hulu_Terengganu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulu Terengganu">Hulu Terengganu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungun">Dungun</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Hulu_Selangor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulu Selangor">Hulu Selangor</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> <a href="/wiki/Batang_Padang" class="mw-redirect" title="Batang Padang">Batang Padang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muallim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muallim">Muallim</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Pahang<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hulu_Langat_District" title="Hulu Langat District">Hulu Langat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gombak_District" title="Gombak District">Gombak</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Segamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Segamat">Segamat</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jempol" class="mw-redirect" title="Jempol">Jempol</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jelebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelebu">Jelebu</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Pahang469" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pahang" title="Template:Pahang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pahang" title="Template talk:Pahang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pahang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pahang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Pahang469" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pahang</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, Royal town: <a href="/wiki/Pekan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan">Pekan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_of_Pahang-related_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index of Pahang-related articles (page does not exist)">Index</a></li> <li>History <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Old Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of Pahang (page does not exist)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pahang" title="Elections in Pahang">Elections</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Executive_Council" title="Pahang State Executive Council">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Pahang" title="Menteri Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Legislative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Geography_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Geography of Pahang (page does not exist)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_in_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary in Pahang (page does not exist)">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Pahang (page does not exist)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Pahang (page does not exist)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of people from Pahang (page does not exist)">Pahangites</a></li> <li>Symbols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah_Selamatkan_Sultan_Kami" title="Allah Selamatkan Sultan Kami">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Pahang" title="Flag and coat of arms of Pahang">Flag and coat of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Pahang" title="List of tourist attractions in Pahang">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Pahangite_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Pahangite culture (page does not exist)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Pahang (page does not exist)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Pahang">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Pahang (page does not exist)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Pahang (page does not exist)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Pahang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Pahang (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Pahang" title="Category:Politics of Pahang">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_District" title="Bentong District">Bentong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bera_District" title="Bera District">Bera District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron Highlands District">Cameron Highlands District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerantut_District" title="Jerantut District">Jerantut District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuantan_District" title="Kuantan District">Kuantan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipis_District" title="Lipis District">Lipis District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maran_District" title="Maran District">Maran District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_District" title="Pekan District">Pekan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raub_District" title="Raub District">Raub District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rompin_District" title="Rompin District">Rompin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temerloh_District" title="Temerloh District">Temerloh District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_(Mukim)_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdistricts (Mukim) of Malaysia">Subdistricts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gebeng" title="Gebeng">Gebeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genting_Highlands" title="Genting Highlands">Genting Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelai (state constituency)">Jelai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Muadzam_Shah" title="Bandar Muadzam Shah">Muadzam Shah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Bera" title="Bandar Bera">Bandar Bera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tun_Abdul_Razak" title="Bandar Tun Abdul Razak">Bandar Tun Abdul Razak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tun_Razak,_Jengka" title="Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka">Bandar Tun Razak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Hitam" title="Batu Hitam">Batu Hitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Talam" title="Batu Talam">Batu Talam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belimbing,_Malaysia" title="Belimbing, Malaysia">Belimbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benta" title="Benta">Benta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong" title="Bentong">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beserah" title="Beserah">Beserah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinchang" title="Brinchang">Brinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Ibam" title="Bukit Ibam">Bukit Ibam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Tinggi,_Pahang" title="Bukit Tinggi, Pahang">Bukit Tinggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherok_Paloh" title="Cherok Paloh">Cherok Paloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chendor" title="Chendor">Chendor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenor" title="Chenor">Chenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheroh" title="Cheroh">Cheroh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_Hill" title="Fraser's Hill">Fraser's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambang,_Pahang" title="Gambang, Pahang">Gambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genting_Sempah" title="Genting Sempah">Genting Sempah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerantut_(town)" title="Jerantut (town)">Jerantut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak,_Pahang" title="Karak, Pahang">Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemayan" title="Kemayan">Kemayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerdau" title="Kerdau">Kerdau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketari" title="Ketari">Ketari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Shahbandar" title="Kota Shahbandar">Kota Shahbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Krau" title="Kuala Krau">Kuala Krau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lipis" title="Kuala Lipis">Kuala Lipis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Pahang" title="Kuala Pahang">Kuala Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Rompin" title="Kuala Rompin">Kuala Rompin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Tahan" title="Kuala Tahan">Kuala Tahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Tembeling" title="Kuala Tembeling">Kuala Tembeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchang" title="Lanchang">Lanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lentang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lentang (page does not exist)">Lentang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuk_Paku" title="Lubuk Paku">Lubuk Paku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurah_Bilut" title="Lurah Bilut">Lurah Bilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maran_(town)" title="Maran (town)">Maran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengkarak" title="Mengkarak">Mengkarak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengkuang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengkuang (page does not exist)">Mengkuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentakab" title="Mentakab">Mentakab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merapoh" title="Merapoh">Merapoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenasi" title="Nenasi">Nenasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paloh_Hinai" title="Paloh Hinai">Paloh Hinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panching" title="Panching">Panching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekan,_Pahang" title="Pekan, Pahang">Pekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penor,_Pahang" title="Penor, Pahang">Penor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raub,_Pahang" title="Raub, Pahang">Raub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringlet,_Malaysia" title="Ringlet, Malaysia">Ringlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempalit" title="Sempalit">Sempalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Lembing" title="Sungai Lembing">Sungai Lembing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ruan" title="Sungai Ruan">Sungai Ruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Rata" title="Tanah Rata">Tanah Rata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanjung_Gemok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanjung Gemok (page does not exist)">Tanjung Gemok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Lumpur" title="Tanjung Lumpur">Tanjung Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Sepat,_Pahang" title="Tanjung Sepat, Pahang">Tanjung Sepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Cempedak" title="Teluk Cempedak">Teluk Cempedak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriang" title="Teriang">Teriang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tringkap" title="Tringkap">Tringkap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Townships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Baru_Chendor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar Baru Chendor (page does not exist)">Bandar Baru Chendor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Damansara_Kuantan" title="Bandar Damansara Kuantan">Bandar Damansara Kuantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Indera_Mahkota" title="Bandar Indera Mahkota">Bandar Indera Mahkota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_MEC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar MEC (page does not exist)">Bandar MEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Putra,_Kuantan" title="Bandar Putra, Kuantan">Bandar Putra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gohtong_Jaya" title="Gohtong Jaya">Gohtong Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KotaSAS" title="KotaSAS">KotaSAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherating" title="Cherating">Cherating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Mempaga" title="FELDA Mempaga">FELDA Mempaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_New_Zealand" title="FELDA New Zealand">FELDA New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Sebertak" title="FELDA Sebertak">FELDA Sebertak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janda_Baik" title="Janda Baik">Janda Baik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Awah" title="Kampung Awah">Kampung Awah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jaya" title="Sri Jaya">Sri Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FELDA_Kota_Gelanggi_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FELDA Kota Gelanggi 2 (page does not exist)">FELDA Kota Gelanggi 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Cheka" title="Ulu Cheka">Ulu Cheka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tioman_Island" title="Tioman Island">Tioman Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pahang" title="Category:Pahang">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pahang" class="extiw" title="commons:Pahang">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Pahang" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Pahang">Wikisource</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States and federal territories of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191346#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1712" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191346#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1712" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191346#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141890163">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147097654">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208385/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjDy6KcMyFmfpMFwrBRmHP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4301609-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80046121">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119773820">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119773820">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35737046">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0122815&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 62 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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