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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–2010:_Further_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2000–2010: Further expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–2010:_Further_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acquisitions_and_mergers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions_and_mergers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Acquisitions and mergers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions_and_mergers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–2020:_Further_discoveries_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–2020:_Further_discoveries_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2010–2020: Further discoveries and acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–2020:_Further_discoveries_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020:_COVID-19_pandemic_and_vaccine_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020:_COVID-19_pandemic_and_vaccine_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 2020: COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020:_COVID-19_pandemic_and_vaccine_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_oral_antivirals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_oral_antivirals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 Development of oral antivirals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_oral_antivirals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_2020–onwards:_Corporate_developments_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_2020–onwards:_Corporate_developments_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Late 2020–onwards: Corporate developments and acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_2020–onwards:_Corporate_developments_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_Flagship_Pioneering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_Flagship_Pioneering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Partnership with Flagship Pioneering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_Flagship_Pioneering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Acquisition history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Legal issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legal issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aggressive_pharmaceutical_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aggressive_pharmaceutical_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Aggressive pharmaceutical marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aggressive_pharmaceutical_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2004_Illegal_marketing_of_gabapentin_for_off-label_uses_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_Illegal_marketing_of_gabapentin_for_off-label_uses_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 2004 Illegal marketing of gabapentin for off-label uses settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_Illegal_marketing_of_gabapentin_for_off-label_uses_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_Illegal_marketing_of_Bextra_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_Illegal_marketing_of_Bextra_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 2009 Illegal marketing of Bextra settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_Illegal_marketing_of_Bextra_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termination_of_Peter_Rost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termination_of_Peter_Rost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Termination of Peter Rost </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termination_of_Peter_Rost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_Illegal_marketing_of_Rapamune_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Illegal_marketing_of_Rapamune_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 2014 Illegal marketing of Rapamune settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Illegal_marketing_of_Rapamune_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_Illegal_marketing_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Illegal_marketing_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 2014 Illegal marketing settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Illegal_marketing_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_Quigley_Company_asbestos_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_Quigley_Company_asbestos_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2013 Quigley Company asbestos settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_Quigley_Company_asbestos_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994_Shiley_defective_heart_valves_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994_Shiley_defective_heart_valves_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1994 Shiley defective heart valves settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994_Shiley_defective_heart_valves_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_Firing_of_employee_that_filed_suit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_Firing_of_employee_that_filed_suit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 2010 Firing of employee that filed suit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_Firing_of_employee_that_filed_suit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_Celebrex_intellectual_property_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_Celebrex_intellectual_property_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 2012 Celebrex intellectual property settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_Celebrex_intellectual_property_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_Nigeria_Trovafloxacin_lawsuit_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_Nigeria_Trovafloxacin_lawsuit_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 2011 Nigeria Trovafloxacin lawsuit settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_Nigeria_Trovafloxacin_lawsuit_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Inflating_Prices_fine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Inflating_Prices_fine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 2022 Inflating Prices fine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Inflating_Prices_fine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Allegations_of_patent_infringement_on_mRNA_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Allegations_of_patent_infringement_on_mRNA_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 2022 Allegations of patent infringement on mRNA technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Allegations_of_patent_infringement_on_mRNA_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Environmental record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public-private_engagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public-private_engagement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Public-private engagement </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public-private_engagement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public-private engagement subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public-private_engagement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Academia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conferences_and_summits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conferences_and_summits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Conferences and summits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conferences_and_summits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Medical societies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_lobbying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_lobbying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Political lobbying </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_lobbying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Professional associations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Public health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Research and development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Pfizer_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Pfizer_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10.1 The Pfizer Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Pfizer_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Board of directors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pfizer</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="فايزر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فايزر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="فایزر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فایزر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ফাইজার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফাইজার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Файзър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Файзър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="فایزر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فایزر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90" title="화이자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화이자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պֆայզեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պֆայզեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="फाइजर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फाइजर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8" title="פייזר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פייזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫೈಝರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫೈಝರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC" title="ഫൈസർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫൈസർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="فايزر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فايزر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC" title="ဖိုင်ဇာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖိုင်ဇာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC" title="ファイザー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファイザー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="فائزر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فائزر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1" title="فایزەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فایزەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பைசர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பைசர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫైజర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫైజర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฟเซอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฟเซอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="فائزر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فائزر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E7%91%9E" title="辉瑞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辉瑞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פייזער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פייזער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%9D%E7%91%9E" title="輝瑞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="輝瑞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pfizer" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%9D%E7%91%9E" title="輝瑞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="輝瑞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206921#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pfizer" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pfizer&params=40.7553_N_73.9996_W_">40°45′19″N 73°59′59″W / 40.7553°N 73.9996°W / 40.7553; -73.9996</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pfizer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pfizer (disambiguation)">Pfizer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Pfizer Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfizer_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pfizer_%282021%29.svg/250px-Pfizer_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pfizer_%282021%29.svg/375px-Pfizer_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pfizer_%282021%29.svg/500px-Pfizer_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="409" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:PFE">PFE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&P 100">S&P 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceutical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1849; 176 years ago (1849) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pfizer" title="Charles Pfizer">Charles Pfizer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Erhart" title="Charles F. Erhart">Charles F. Erhart</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_(New_York_City)" title="The Spiral (New York City)">The Spiral</a>, <div class="ib-company-locality locality">New York City</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a> (Chairman and CEO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Pharmaceutical drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$63.63 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$12.41 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$8.031 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$213.4 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$88.20 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">81,000 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pfizer.com/">www.pfizer.com</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206921#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-2024-10K-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfizer_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pfizer_logo.svg/140px-Pfizer_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pfizer_logo.svg/210px-Pfizer_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pfizer_logo.svg/280px-Pfizer_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="593" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Pfizer.svg/250px-Pfizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Pfizer.svg/330px-Pfizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="599" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Former corporate logos (until 2021).</div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg/130px-Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg/195px-Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg/260px-Shinjuku_Bunka_Quint_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The headquarters of Pfizer in Tokyo, Japan</figcaption></figure> Pfizer Inc. (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈfaɪzər/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">FY-zər</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> corporation headquartered at <a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_(New_York_City)" title="The Spiral (New York City)">The Spiral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York City. Founded in 1849 in New York by German entrepreneurs <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pfizer" title="Charles Pfizer">Charles Pfizer</a> (1824–1906) and <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Erhart" title="Charles F. Erhart">Charles F. Erhart</a> (1821–1891), Pfizer is one of the oldest pharmaceutical companies in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Pfizer develops and produces <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> for <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">immunology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">cardiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a>. The company's largest products by sales are the <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine</a> ($11 billion in 2023 revenues), <a href="/wiki/Apixaban" title="Apixaban">apixaban</a> ($6 billion in 2023 revenues), a <a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine">pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</a> ($6 billion in 2023 revenues), <a href="/wiki/Palbociclib" title="Palbociclib">palbociclib</a> ($4 billion in 2023 revenues), and <a href="/wiki/Tafamidis" title="Tafamidis">tafamidis</a> ($3 billion in 2023 revenues).<a href="#cite_note-10K-3">[3]</a> In 2023, 46% of the company's revenues came from the United States, 6% came from Japan, and 48% came from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-10K-3">[3]</a> Pfizer has been a publicly traded company for nearly a century, making its debut on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> in 1942 under the ticker symbol PFE. Pfizer is part of major stock indices like the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&P 100">S&P 100</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a>, having major institutional investors.<a href="#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-4">[4]</a> Pfizer is one of the top pharmaceutical companies in the United States, with a <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of $150.35 billion as of December 31, 2024. It ranks fifth among U.S. pharma companies. As of 2024, the company holds the 69th position on the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> list.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-globaldata.com-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlespfizer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Charlespfizer.jpg/170px-Charlespfizer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Charlespfizer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>Charles Pfizer (1824–1906)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1849–1950:_Early_history">1849–1950: Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1849–1950: Early history">edit</a>]</div> Pfizer was founded in 1849 as "Charles Pfizer & Company" by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pfizer" title="Charles Pfizer">Charles Pfizer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Erhart" title="Charles F. Erhart">Charles F. Erhart</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> two cousins who had immigrated to the United States from <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a>, Germany. The business produced chemical compounds, and was headquartered on Bartlett Street<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-8">[8]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg, Brooklyn</a>, where they produced an <a href="/wiki/Antiparasitic" title="Antiparasitic">antiparasitic</a> called <a href="/wiki/Santonin" title="Santonin">santonin</a>. This was an immediate success, although it was production of <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citric acid</a> that led to Pfizer's growth in the 1880s. Pfizer continued to buy property in the area (by now the Williamsburg district of the city of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a> and beginning in 1898, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a>) to expand its lab and factory, retaining offices on Flushing Avenue until the 1960s; the Brooklyn plant ultimately closed in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Following their success with citric acid, Pfizer (at the now-demolished 295 Washington Avenue) and Erhart (at 280 Washington Avenue) established their main residences in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a> district, known for its concentration of <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a> wealth.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1881, Pfizer moved its administrative headquarters to 81 Maiden Lane in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, presaging the company's expansion to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, a year later.<a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-collection-10">[10]</a> By 1906 sales exceeded $3 million.<a href="#cite_note-history-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> caused a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_citrate" title="Calcium citrate">calcium citrate</a>. Pfizer imported the compound from Italy for the manufacture of citric acid, and due to the disruption in supply, the company began a search for an alternative.<a href="#cite_note-:5-12">[12]</a> They found this in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungus</a> capable of fermenting sugar to citric acid. By 1919, the company was able to commercialize production of citric acid from this source.<a href="#cite_note-:5-12">[12]</a> The company developed expertise in fermentation technology as a result. These skills were applied to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_penicillin#Deep_submergence_for_industrial_production" title="History of penicillin">deep-submergence mass production</a> of <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in response to the need to treat injured Allied soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-Fermentation-13">[13]</a> The company also embarked on a global <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> collection program related to improving production yields of penicillin which ultimately resulted in 135,000 samples.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> On June 2, 1942, the company incorporated under the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Corporation_Law" title="Delaware General Corporation Law">Delaware General Corporation Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10K-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950–1980:_Pivot_to_pharmaceutical_research_and_global_expansion">1950–1980: Pivot to pharmaceutical research and global expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1950–1980: Pivot to pharmaceutical research and global expansion">edit</a>]</div> Due to price declines for <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a>, Pfizer searched for new antibiotics with greater profit potential. Pfizer discovered <a href="/wiki/Oxytetracycline" title="Oxytetracycline">oxytetracycline</a> in 1950, and this changed the company from a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">fine chemicals</a> to a research-based pharmaceutical company. Pfizer developed a <a href="/wiki/Drug_discovery" title="Drug discovery">drug discovery</a> program focused on in vitro synthesis to augment its research in fermentation technology. In 1959, the company established an <a href="/wiki/Animal_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal health">animal health</a> division with a 700-acre (2.8 km2) farm and research facility in <a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">Terre Haute, Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fermentation-13">[13]</a> By the 1950s, Pfizer had established offices in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, and the United Kingdom. In 1960, the company moved its medical research laboratory operations out of New York City to a new facility in Groton, Connecticut. In 1980, Pfizer launched Feldene (<a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">piroxicam</a>), a prescription anti-inflammatory medication that became Pfizer's first product to reach $1 billion in revenue.<a href="#cite_note-history-11">[11]</a> In 1965, John Powers, Jr. became <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of the company, succeeding John McKeen.<a href="#cite_note-history-11">[11]</a> As the area surrounding its Brooklyn, NY plant fell into decline in the 1970s and 1980s, the company formed a public-private partnership with New York City that encompassed the construction of low- and middle-income housing, the refurbishment of apartment buildings for the homeless and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-collection-10">[10]</a> In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_T._Pratt_Jr." title="Edmund T. Pratt Jr.">Edmund T. Pratt Jr.</a> became <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of the company, succeeding John Powers, Jr.<a href="#cite_note-history-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980–2000:_Development_of_Viagra,_Zoloft,_and_Lipitor">1980–2000: Development of Viagra, Zoloft, and Lipitor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980–2000: Development of Viagra, Zoloft, and Lipitor">edit</a>]</div> In 1981, the company received approval for Diflucan (<a href="/wiki/Fluconazole" title="Fluconazole">fluconazole</a>), the first oral treatment for severe <a href="/wiki/Fungal_infection" title="Fungal infection">fungal infections</a> including <a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">candidiasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blastomycosis" title="Blastomycosis">blastomycosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coccidiodomycosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccidiodomycosis">coccidiodomycosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptococcosis" title="Cryptococcosis">cryptococcosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">histoplasmosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">dermatophytosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_versicolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pityriasis versicolor">pityriasis versicolor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 1986, Pfizer acquired the worldwide rights to Zithromax (<a href="/wiki/Azithromycin" title="Azithromycin">azithromycin</a>), a macrolide antibiotic that is recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Infectious_Disease_Society_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious Disease Society of America">Infectious Disease Society of America</a> as a first line treatment for certain cases of community-acquired pneumonia, from <a href="/wiki/Pliva" title="Pliva">Pliva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-best-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 1989, Pfizer scientists Peter Dunn and Albert Wood created Viagra (<a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">sildenafil</a>) for treating <a href="/wiki/High_blood_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="High blood pressure">high blood pressure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">angina</a>, a chest pain associated with <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>. In 1991, it was patented in the United Kingdom as a heart medication. Early trials for the medication showed that it did not work for the treatment of heart disease, but volunteers in the clinical trials had increased <a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">erections</a> several days after taking the drug. It was patented in the United States in 1996 and received approval by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> in March 1998. In December 1998, Pfizer hired <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> as a spokesperson for the drug.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The patents for Viagra expired in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1991, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Steere,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Steere, Jr.">William C. Steere, Jr.</a> became <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive officers">chief executive officers</a> of the company, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Edmund_T._Pratt_Jr." title="Edmund T. Pratt Jr.">Edmund T. Pratt Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1991 Pfizer also began marketing Zoloft (<a href="/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline">sertraline</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SSRI) class developed nine years earlier by Pfizer chemists <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Koe" title="Kenneth Koe">Kenneth Koe</a> and Willard Welch. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a> in adult <a href="/wiki/Outpatients" class="mw-redirect" title="Outpatients">outpatients</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Obsessive-compulsive_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsessive-compulsive disorder">obsessive-compulsive disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panic_disorder" title="Panic disorder">panic disorder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder" title="Social anxiety disorder">social anxiety disorder</a> in both adults and children. In 2005, the year before it became a generic drug, sales were over $3 billion and over 100 million people had been treated with the drug.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The patent for Zoloft expired in the summer of 2006.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Eisai_(company)" title="Eisai (company)">Eisai</a>, in partnership with Pfizer, received <a href="/wiki/Approved_drug" title="Approved drug">approval</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> for <a href="/wiki/Donepezil" title="Donepezil">donepezil</a> under the brand Aricept for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>;<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Pfizer also received approval for Norvasc (<a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">amlodipine</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Antihypertensive" title="Antihypertensive">antihypertensive</a> drug of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker class.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoloft_bottles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zoloft_bottles.jpg/220px-Zoloft_bottles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zoloft_bottles.jpg/330px-Zoloft_bottles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zoloft_bottles.jpg/440px-Zoloft_bottles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Bottles of Zoloft (<a href="/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline">sertraline</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant</a></figcaption></figure> In 1997, the company entered into a co-marketing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Warner%E2%80%93Lambert" title="Warner–Lambert">Warner–Lambert</a> for Lipitor (<a href="/wiki/Atorvastatin" title="Atorvastatin">atorvastatin</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">statin</a> for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia" title="Hypercholesterolemia">hypercholesterolemia</a>. Although atorvastatin was the fifth <a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">statin</a> to be developed, clinical trials showed that atorvastatin caused a more dramatic reduction in <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">low-density lipoprotein</a> pattern C (LDL-C) than the other statin drugs. Upon its patent expiration in 2011, Lipitor was the best-selling drug ever, with approximately $125 billion in sales over 14.5 years.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–2010:_Further_expansion">2000–2010: Further expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000–2010: Further expansion">edit</a>]</div> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Henry_McKinnell" title="Henry McKinnell">Henry McKinnell</a> became <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of the company, replacing <a href="/wiki/William_C._Steere,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Steere, Jr.">William C. Steere, Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-longshot-26">[26]</a> In 2002, The <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> purchased stock in Pfizer.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In 2004, the company received approval for Lyrica (<a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">pregabalin</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">anticonvulsant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">anxiolytic</a> medication used to treat <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuropathic_pain" title="Neuropathic pain">neuropathic pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibromyalgia" title="Fibromyalgia">fibromyalgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restless_leg_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Restless leg syndrome">restless leg syndrome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder" title="Generalized anxiety disorder">generalized anxiety disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The United States patent on Lyrica was challenged by generic manufacturers and was upheld in 2014, extending the expiration date to 2018.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In July 2006, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kindler" title="Jeff Kindler">Jeff Kindler</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of the company, replacing <a href="/wiki/Henry_McKinnell" title="Henry McKinnell">Henry McKinnell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-longshot-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> On December 3, 2006, Pfizer ceased development of <a href="/wiki/Torcetrapib" title="Torcetrapib">torcetrapib</a>, a drug that increases production of <a href="/wiki/High_density_lipoprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="High density lipoprotein">HDL</a>, which reduces <a href="/wiki/Low_density_lipoprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="Low density lipoprotein">LDL</a> thought to be correlated to heart disease. During a <a href="/wiki/Phase_III_clinical_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase III clinical trial">Phase III clinical trial</a> involving 15,000 patients, more deaths than expected occurred in the group that took the medicine, and the <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality rate</a> of patients taking the combination of torcetrapib and Lipitor (82 deaths during the study) was 60% higher than those taking Lipitor alone (52 deaths during the study). Lipitor alone was not implicated in the results, but Pfizer lost nearly $1 billion developing the failed drug and its stock price dropped 11% on the day of the announcement.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Between 2007 and 2010, Pfizer spent $3.3 million on investigations and legal fees and recovered about $5.1 million, and had another $5 million of pending recoveries from civil lawsuits against makers of <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> prescription drugs. Pfizer has hired customs and narcotics experts worldwide to track down fakes and assemble evidence that can be used to pursue civil suits for <a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">trademark infringement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In July 2008, Pfizer announced 275 job cuts at its manufacturing facility in <a href="/wiki/Portage,_Michigan" title="Portage, Michigan">Portage, Michigan</a>. Portage was previously the world headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Upjohn_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Upjohn Company">Upjohn Company</a>, which had been acquired as part of Pharmacia.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acquisitions_and_mergers">Acquisitions and mergers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Acquisitions and mergers">edit</a>]</div> In June 2000, Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert outright for $116 billion. To satisfy conditions imposed by antitrust regulators at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a>, Pfizer sold off or transferred stakes in several minor products, including RID (a shampoo for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Head_lice_infestation" title="Head lice infestation">head lice</a>, sold to <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a>) and Warner-Lambert's antidepressant <a href="/wiki/Celexa" class="mw-redirect" title="Celexa">Celexa</a> (which competes with Zoloft).<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The acquisition created what was, at the time, the second-largest pharmaceutical company worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 2003, Pfizer merged with <a href="/wiki/Pharmacia" title="Pharmacia">Pharmacia</a>, and in the process acquired <a href="/wiki/G.D._Searle,_LLC" title="G.D. Searle, LLC">Searle</a> and <a href="/wiki/SUGEN" title="SUGEN">SUGEN</a>. Searle had developed Flagyl (<a href="/wiki/Metronidazole" title="Metronidazole">metronidazole</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Nitroimidazole" title="Nitroimidazole">nitroimidazole</a> antibiotic medication used particularly for <a href="/wiki/Anaerobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaerobe">anaerobic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">bacteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Searle also developed <a href="/wiki/Celecoxib" title="Celecoxib">celecoxib</a> (Celebrex) a <a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitor">COX-2 inhibitor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a> (NSAID) used to treat the <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acute_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute pain">acute pain</a> in adults, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">ankylosing spondylitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painful_menstruation" class="mw-redirect" title="Painful menstruation">painful menstruation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis">juvenile rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/SUGEN" title="SUGEN">SUGEN</a>, a company focused on <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase" title="Protein kinase">protein kinase</a> inhibitors, had pioneered the use of ATP-mimetic small molecules to block <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signal transduction</a>. The <a href="/wiki/SUGEN" title="SUGEN">SUGEN</a> facility was shut down in 2003 by Pfizer, with the loss of more than 300 jobs, and several programs were transferred to Pfizer. These included <a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">sunitinib</a> (Sutent), a cancer medication which was approved for human use by the FDA in January 2006.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> A related compound, SU11654 (<a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a>), was also approved for <a href="/wiki/Cancer_in_dogs" title="Cancer in dogs">cancer in dogs</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/ALK_inhibitor" title="ALK inhibitor">ALK inhibitor</a> <a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a> also grew out of a SUGEN program.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In October 2006, the company announced it would acquire PowerMed.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquired <a href="/wiki/Wyeth" title="Wyeth">Wyeth</a> for $68 billion in cash and stock, including the assumption of debt, making Pfizer the largest pharmaceutical company in the world.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-worst-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-wyethpr-53">[53]</a> The acquisition of Wyeth provided Pfizer with a <a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine">pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</a>, trademarked <a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine#Prevnar" title="Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine">Prevnar 13</a>; this is used for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections. The introduction of the original, 7-valent version of the vaccine, developed by <a href="/wiki/Wyeth" title="Wyeth">Wyeth</a> in February 2000, led to a 75% reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections among children under age 5 in the United States. Pfizer introduced an improved version of the vaccine in 2010, for which it was granted a patent in India in 2017. Prevnar 13 provides coverage of 13 bacterial variants, expanding beyond the original 7-valent version.<a href="#cite_note-wyethpr-53">[53]</a> By 2012, the rate of invasive infections among children under age 5 had been reduced by an additional 50%.<a href="#cite_note-cdc.gov-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–2020:_Further_discoveries_and_acquisitions">2010–2020: Further discoveries and acquisitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010–2020: Further discoveries and acquisitions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfizer_World_Headquarters_(51921996957).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pfizer_World_Headquarters_%2851921996957%29.jpg/220px-Pfizer_World_Headquarters_%2851921996957%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pfizer_World_Headquarters_%2851921996957%29.jpg/330px-Pfizer_World_Headquarters_%2851921996957%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pfizer_World_Headquarters_%2851921996957%29.jpg/440px-Pfizer_World_Headquarters_%2851921996957%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4768" data-file-height="2682" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to former Pfizer World Headquarters building (1961–2023)</figcaption></figure> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Read" title="Ian Read">Ian Read</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of the company.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In February 2011, Pfizer announced the closure of its UK research and development facility (formerly also a manufacturing plant) in <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich, Kent</a>, which at the time employed 2,400 people.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In March 2011, Pfizer acquired <a href="/wiki/King_Pharmaceuticals" title="King Pharmaceuticals">King Pharmaceuticals</a> for $3.6 billion in cash. King produced emergency injectables such as the <a href="/wiki/EpiPen" class="mw-redirect" title="EpiPen">EpiPen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On September 4, 2012, the FDA approved <a href="/wiki/Bosutinib" title="Bosutinib">bosutinib</a> (Bosulif) for <a href="/wiki/Chronic_myelogenous_leukemia" title="Chronic myelogenous leukemia">chronic myelogenous leukemia</a> (CML), a rare type of <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> and a blood and <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> disease that affects primarily older adults.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In November 2012, Pfizer received approval from the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> for Xeljanz, a <a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">tofacitinib</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The drug had sales of $1.77 billion in 2018, and in January 2019, it was the top drug in the United States for <a href="/wiki/Direct-to-consumer_advertising" title="Direct-to-consumer advertising">direct-to-consumer advertising</a>, passing <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">adalimumab</a> (Humira).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 2023, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) identified Xeljanz (tofacitinib) as one of five high-expenditure drugs that experienced significant net price increases without new clinical evidence to justify the hikes. Specifically, Xeljanz's wholesale acquisition cost rose by 6%, leading to an additional $72 million in costs to U.S. payers.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On February 1, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Zoetis" title="Zoetis">Zoetis</a>, the Agriculture Division of Pfizer and later Pfizer Animal Health, became a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a> via an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a>, raising $2.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Later in 2013, Pfizer completed the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">corporate spin-off</a> of its remaining stake in <a href="/wiki/Zoetis" title="Zoetis">Zoetis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In September 2014, the company acquired Innopharma for $225 million, plus up to $135 million in milestone payments, in a deal that expanded Pfizer's range of generic and injectable drugs.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> On January 5, 2015, the company announced it would acquire a controlling interest in Redvax, expanding its vaccine portfolio targeting human <a href="/wiki/Cytomegalovirus" title="Cytomegalovirus">cytomegalovirus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In February 2015, the company received approval from the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> for <a href="/wiki/Palbociclib" title="Palbociclib">palbociclib</a> (Ibrance) for treatment of certain types of <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In March 2015, the company announced it would restart its collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly and Company</a> surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Phase_III_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase III trial">Phase III trial</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In May 2015, Pfizer and a <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a> laboratory announced a partnership based on the development of medical <a href="/wiki/DNA_nanotechnology" title="DNA nanotechnology">DNA nanotechnology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In June 2015, the company acquired Nimenrix and Mencevax, <a href="/wiki/Meningococcal_vaccine" title="Meningococcal vaccine">meningococcal vaccines</a>, from GlaxoSmithKline for around $130 million.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In September 2015, Pfizer acquired <a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a> for $17 billion, including the assumption of debt.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a> was the largest producer of generic injectable pharmaceuticals in the world.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On November 23, 2015, Pfizer and <a href="/wiki/Allergan" title="Allergan">Allergan</a> announced a planned $160 billion merger, in the largest pharmaceutical deal ever and the third largest corporate merger in history. The proposed transaction contemplated that the merged company maintain Allergan's <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> domicile, resulting in the new company being subject to <a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation tax">corporation tax</a> at the relatively low rate of 12.5%.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The deal was to constitute a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse merger">reverse merger</a>, whereby Allergan acquired Pfizer, with the new company then changing its name to "Pfizer, plc".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On April 6, 2016, Pfizer and Allergan terminated the merger agreement after the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> introduced new laws intended to limit <a href="/wiki/Corporate_inversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate inversion">corporate inversions</a> (the extent to which companies could move their headquarters overseas in order to reduce the amount of taxes they pay).<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In June 2016, the company acquired Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $5.2 billion, expanding its portfolio in both inflammation and immunology drugs areas.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In August 2016, the company made a $40 million bid for the assets of BIND Therapeutics, which was in <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The same month, the company acquired Bamboo Therapeutics for $645 million, expanding its gene therapy offerings.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In September 2016, the company acquired cancer drug-maker <a href="/wiki/Medivation" title="Medivation">Medivation</a> for $14 billion.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In October 2016, the company licensed the anti-<a href="/wiki/CTLA4" class="mw-redirect" title="CTLA4">CTLA4</a> monoclonal antibody, ONC-392, from OncoImmune.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In November 2016, Pfizer funded a $3,435,600 study with the <a href="/wiki/CDC_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="CDC Foundation">CDC Foundation</a> to research "screen-and-treat" strategies for <a href="/wiki/Cryptococcal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptococcal disease">cryptococcal disease</a> in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-99">[99]</a> In December 2016, Pfizer acquired <a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a>'s small-molecule antibiotics business for $1.575 billion.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In January 2018, Pfizer announced that it would end its work on research into treatments for <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parkinsonism" title="Parkinsonism">Parkinsonism</a> (a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a> and other conditions). The company said about 300 researchers would lose their jobs.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> approved <a href="/wiki/Enzalutamide" title="Enzalutamide">enzalutamide</a>, developed by Pfizer and <a href="/wiki/Astellas_Pharma" title="Astellas Pharma">Astellas Pharma</a> for patients with <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castration</a>-resistant <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In August 2018, Pfizer signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/BioNTech" title="BioNTech">BioNTech</a> to conduct joint research and development activities regarding <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">influenza vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In October 2018, effective January 1, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a> was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Ian_Read" title="Ian Read">Ian Read</a>, his mentor.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In July 2019, the company acquired Therachon for up to $810 million, expanding its rare disease portfolio through Therachon's recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 compound, aimed at treating conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Achondroplasia" title="Achondroplasia">achondroplasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Also in July, Pfizer acquired <a href="/wiki/Array_Biopharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Array Biopharma">Array Biopharma</a> for $10.6 billion, boosting its oncology pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In August 2019, Pfizer merged its consumer health business with that of GlaxoSmithKline, into a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> owned 68% by GlaxoSmithKline and 32% by Pfizer, with plans to make it a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a>. The transaction built on a 2018 transaction where GlaxoSmithKline acquired <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a>' stake in the GSK-Novartis consumer healthcare joint business.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The transaction followed negotiations with other companies including <a href="/wiki/Reckitt_Benckiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckitt Benckiser">Reckitt Benckiser</a>,<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In September 2019, Pfizer initiated a study with the <a href="/wiki/CDC_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="CDC Foundation">CDC Foundation</a> to investigate the tracking of <a href="/wiki/Healthcare-associated_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare-associated infection">healthcare-associated infections</a>, scheduled to run through to June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:4-99">[99]</a> In December 2019, Pfizer awarded the CDC Foundation a further $1,948,482 to continue its <a href="/wiki/Cryptococcal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptococcal disease">cryptococcal disease</a> screening and treatment research in nine African countries.<a href="#cite_note-:4-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020:_COVID-19_pandemic_and_vaccine_development">2020: COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2020: COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine development">edit</a>]</div> In March 2020, Pfizer joined the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator funding vehicle to expedite development of <a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">treatments against COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The $125 million initiative was launched by the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a>, with additional funding announced shortly after from <a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The following month, the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_the_National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Foundation for the National Institutes of Health">Foundation for the National Institutes of Health</a> announced the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) public-private partnership to develop a coordinated research strategy for prioritizing and speeding up development of COVID-19 vaccines and pharmaceutical products.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Pfizer joined the partnership as an industry "leadership organization", and participated as a collaborator in ACTIV-led clinical trials.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a> attended the <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI</a> <a href="/wiki/COVAX_AMC" class="mw-redirect" title="COVAX AMC">COVAX AMC</a> 2021 Investment Opportunity Launch Event, otherwise named One World Protected, on April 15, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In Canada, Pfizer endorsed the use of a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">vaccine passport</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a> developed by CANImmunize in order to record and track status of COVID-19 vaccination.<a href="#cite_note-:3-124">[124]</a> As the scale of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> became apparent, Pfizer partnered with BioNTech to study and develop <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> mRNA vaccine candidates. Unlike many of its competitors, Pfizer took no initial research funds from the United States' <a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> vaccine development program, instead choosing to invest roughly $2 billion of its own funds. Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla has said that he declined money from Operation Warp Speed to avoid government intervention, stating later that "when you get money from someone that always comes with strings. They want to see how we are going to progress, what type of moves you are going to do. They want reports. And also, I wanted to keep Pfizer out of politics, by the way."<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In May 2020, Pfizer began testing four different <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a> variations using <a href="/wiki/Lipid_nanoparticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid nanoparticle">lipid nanoparticle</a> technology provided by Canadian biotechnology company <a href="/wiki/Acuitas_Therapeutics" title="Acuitas Therapeutics">Acuitas Therapeutics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:22-126">[126]</a> Vaccines were injected into the first human participants in the U.S. in early May. In July 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that two of the partners' four <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> vaccine candidates had won fast track designation from the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The company began Phase II-III testing on 30,000 people in the last week of July 2020 and was slated to be paid $1.95 billion for 100 million doses of the vaccine by the US government.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In September 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that they had completed talks with the European Commission to provide an initial 200 million vaccine doses to the EU, with the option to supply another 100 million doses at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On November 9, 2020, Pfizer announced that BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine, tested on 43,500 people, was found to be 90% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The efficacy was updated to 95% a week later.<a href="#cite_note-:1-131">[131]</a> Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist interviewed by The New York Times, described the efficacy figure as "really a spectacular number."<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The announcement made Pfizer and BioNTech the first companies to develop and test a working vaccine for COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-:1-131">[131]</a> Over the following month and a half, regulators in various countries approved Pfizer's vaccine for emergency use.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bahrain_Approves_Covid-19_Vaccine_(Al_Jazeera)-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controversy">Controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> In February 2021, after a year long investigation relying on unnamed officials, Pfizer was accused by <a href="/wiki/The_Bureau_of_Investigative_Journalism" title="The Bureau of Investigative Journalism">The Bureau of Investigative Journalism</a> (TBIJ) of employing "high-level bullying" against at least two <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> countries during negotiations to acquire COVID-19 vaccines, including requesting that the countries put sovereign assets as <a href="/wiki/Collateral_(finance)" title="Collateral (finance)">collateral</a> for payments.<a href="#cite_note-bullied-141">[141]</a> According to TBIJ, these negotiation tactics resulted in a months long delay in Pfizer reaching a vaccine agreement with one country and a complete failure to reach agreements with two other countries, including <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-bullied-141">[141]</a> In November 2021, TBMJ published an article after obtaining information from a <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a> from the Ventavia Research Group. Ventavia was hired by Pfizer as a research subcontractor. A regional director (whistleblower) who was employed at Ventavia Research Group has told The BMJ that the company falsified data, unblinded patients, employed inadequately trained vaccinators, and was slow to follow up on adverse events reported in <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine#Clinical_trials" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer's pivotal phase III trial</a>. The regional director, Brook Jackson, emailed a complaint to the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). Ventavia fired her later the same day.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) stated in a response to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, that "the deficiencies identified do not jeopardize the quality and integrity of the data from the main Comirnaty trial and have no impact on the benefit-risk assessment or on the conclusions on the safety, effectiveness and quality of the vaccine".<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Science-Based_Medicine" title="Science-Based Medicine">Science-Based Medicine</a> emphasized that Ventavia oversaw just three of the 153 clinical sites involved with Pfizer's trial and "a small fraction (~1,000 by the time the whistleblower was fired) of the trial's over ~44,000 subjects."<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On 10 October 2022, during a session of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>'s Special Committee on the COVID-19 Pandemic, Pfizer executive Janine Small testified that the company had not evaluated their <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a> for its ability to reduce transmission of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> virus prior to its release to the general public.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Dutch MEP <a href="/wiki/Rob_Roos" title="Rob Roos">Rob Roos</a> described the admission as "scandalous".<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a> was slated to attend, but withdrew.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Roos' statements in turn have been described as "misleading".<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Development_of_oral_antivirals">Development of oral antivirals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Development of oral antivirals">edit</a>]</div> In November 2021, Pfizer launched a new COVID-19 oral antivirus treatment known as <a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir" title="Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir">Paxlovid</a>. In January 2022, the Pfizer CEO <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a> confirmed that the trial results of a fourth dose were pending until March 2022. He said that the firm was setting up a collaboration to develop an anti-COVID pill treatment along with a French company, <a href="/wiki/Novasep" title="Novasep">Novasep</a>. He also said the COVID vaccine was "safe and efficient" for children.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In May 2022, reports emerged of patients experiencing "rebound" symptoms after completing a five-day course of Paxlovid.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The FDA responded by announcing they had performed additional analyses of the drug's clinical trial data, and decided against changing its recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and Dr. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> were both reported to experience this rebound syndrome in the months that followed, while continuing to recommend the drug for those who may benefit from it.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_2020–onwards:_Corporate_developments_and_acquisitions">Late 2020–onwards: Corporate developments and acquisitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Late 2020–onwards: Corporate developments and acquisitions">edit</a>]</div> In September 2020, the company acquired a 9.9% stake in CStone Pharmaceuticals for $200 million (HK$1.55 billion), helping to commercialise its anti-<a href="/wiki/PD-L1" title="PD-L1">PD-L1</a> monoclonal antibody, CS1001.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In October 2020, the company acquired Arixa Pharmaceuticals.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> In November 2020, using a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_Morris_Trust" title="Reverse Morris Trust">Reverse Morris Trust</a> structure, Pfizer merged its off-patent branded and <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic drug</a> business, known as Upjohn, with <a href="/wiki/Mylan" title="Mylan">Mylan</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Viatris" title="Viatris">Viatris</a>, owned 57% by Pfizer shareholders.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> On January 5, 2021, Pfizer introduced a new <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In April 2021, Pfizer acquired Amplyx Pharmaceuticals and its anti-fungal compound <a href="/wiki/Fosmanogepix" title="Fosmanogepix">fosmanogepix</a> (APX001).<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In August, the company announced it would acquire Trillium Therapeutics Inc and its immuno-oncology portfolio for $2.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In March 2022, the company acquired <a href="/wiki/Arena_Pharmaceuticals" title="Arena Pharmaceuticals">Arena Pharmaceuticals</a> for $6.7 billion in cash.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In June 2022, the company acquired ReViral Ltd, for up to $525 million, gaining access to experimental drugs used to combat <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus" title="Respiratory syncytial virus">respiratory syncytial virus</a> infections.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> In October 2022, the company acquired Biohaven Pharma and its <a href="/wiki/Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide" title="Calcitonin gene-related peptide">calcitonin gene-related peptide</a> programs for $11.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> It also acquired Global Blood Therapeutics for $5.4 billion, boosting Pfizer's rare disease business.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In April 2023, Pfizer moved its world headquarters from <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> to the Spiral at <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards_(development)" title="Hudson Yards (development)">Hudson Yards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In December 2023, the company acquired <a href="/wiki/Seagen" title="Seagen">Seagen</a>, a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Antibody%E2%80%93drug_conjugate" title="Antibody–drug conjugate">antibody–drug conjugates</a> for the treatment of cancer, for $43 billion.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> On Sept 30, 2024, Pfizer announced its intentions to sell 540 million Haleon shares whose worth is about  £2.1 billion ($2.8 billion)  according to Bloomberg calculations.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_Flagship_Pioneering">Partnership with Flagship Pioneering</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Partnership with Flagship Pioneering">edit</a>]</div> In July 2024, Pfizer and Flagship Pioneering announced an "Innovation Supply Chain" partnership to co-develop 10 drug candidates. Each party committed $50 million upfront, leveraging Flagship’s ecosystem of over 40 startups to align with Pfizer’s priorities. Pfizer will fund the selected programs and has the option to license or acquire assets, with potential success milestones and royalties reaching up to $700 million per commercialized drug. Two programs, focused on <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a>, have already been initiated.initiated.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_history">Acquisition history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Acquisition history">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px #aaa solid;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Pfizer acquisitions</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Pfizer (Founded 1849 as Charles Pfizer & Company) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner%E2%80%93Lambert" title="Warner–Lambert">Warner–Lambert</a> (Acq 2000) <ul><li>William R. Warner (Founded 1856, merged 1955)</li> <li>Lambert Pharmacal Company (Merged 1955)</li> <li>Parke-Davis (Founded 1860, Acq 1976)</li> <li>Wilkinson Sword (Acq 1993, divested 2003)</li> <li>Agouron (Acq 1999)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacia" title="Pharmacia">Pharmacia</a> (Acq 2002) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacia_%26_Upjohn" title="Pharmacia & Upjohn">Pharmacia & Upjohn</a> (Merged 2000) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacia" title="Pharmacia">Pharmacia</a> (Merged 1995) <ul><li>Farmitalia Carlo Erba</li> <li>Kabi Pharmacia</li> <li>Pharmacia Aktiebolaget</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Upjohn_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Upjohn Company">The Upjohn Company</a> (Merged 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> (Merged 2000, divested 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.D._Searle,_LLC" title="G.D. Searle, LLC">Searle</a> (Merged 2000)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Esperion Therapeutics (Acq 2003, divested 2008)</li> <li>Meridica (Acq 2004)</li> <li>Vicuron Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2005)</li> <li>Idun (Acq 2005)</li> <li>Angiosyn (Acq 2005)</li> <li>Powermed (Acq 2006)</li> <li>Rinat (Acq 2006)</li> <li>Coley Pharmaceutical Group (Acq 2007)</li> <li>CovX (Acq 2007)</li> <li>Encysive Pharmaceuticals Inc (Acq 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyeth" title="Wyeth">Wyeth</a> (Acq 2009) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chef_Boyardee" title="Chef Boyardee">Chef Boyardee</a> (Acq 1946, divested 1996 with food div)</li> <li>S.M.A. Corporation</li> <li>Ayerst Laboratories (Acq 1943)</li> <li>Fort Dodge Serum Company (Acq 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol-Myers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol-Myers">Bristol-Myers</a> (Animal Health div)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parke-Davis" title="Parke-Davis">Parke-Davis</a> (Animal Health div)</li> <li>A.H. Robins</li> <li>Sherwood Medical (Acq 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetics_Institute,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Genetics Institute, Inc.">Genetics Institute, Inc.</a> (Acq 1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cyanamid" title="American Cyanamid">American Cyanamid</a> (Acq 1994)</li> <li>Lederle Laboratories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvay_S.A." title="Solvay S.A.">Solvay</a> (Acq 1995, Animal Health div)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Pharmaceuticals" title="King Pharmaceuticals">King Pharmaceuticals</a> (Acq 2010) <ul><li>Monarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</li> <li>King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Inc.</li> <li>Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc.</li> <li>Parkedale Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</li> <li>King Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.</li> <li>Monarch Pharmaceuticals Ireland Limited</li></ul></li> <li>Synbiotics Corporation (Acq 2011)</li> <li>Icagen (Acq 2011)</li> <li>Ferrosan (Consumer Health div, Acq 2011)</li> <li>Excaliard Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2011)</li> <li>Alacer Corp (Acq 2012)</li> <li>NextWave Pharmaceuticals, Inc (Acq 2012)</li> <li>Innopharma (Acq 2014)</li> <li>Redvax GmbH (Acq 2014)</li> <li>Hospira (Spun off from Abbott Laboratories 2004, Acq 2015) <ul><li>Mayne Pharma Ltd (Acq 2007)</li> <li>Pliva-Croatia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchid_Chemicals_%26_Pharmaceuticals_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd.">Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd.</a> (Generics & Injectables div, Acq 2009)</li> <li>Javelin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Acq 2010)</li> <li>TheraDoc (Acq 2010)</li> <li>Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2020)</li></ul></li> <li>Anacor Pharmaceuticals(Acq 2016)</li> <li>Bamboo Therapeutics (Acq 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medivation" title="Medivation">Medivation</a> (Acq 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a> (Small molecule antibiotic div, Acq 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_BioPharma" title="Array BioPharma">Array BioPharma</a> (Acq 2019)</li> <li>Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Acq 2021)</li> <li>Trillium Therapeutics (Acq 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Pharmaceuticals" title="Arena Pharmaceuticals">Arena Pharmaceuticals</a> (Acq 2022)</li> <li>ReViral Ltd (Acq 2022)</li> <li>Biohaven Pharma (Acq 2022) <ul><li>Kleo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Acq 2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagen" title="Seagen">Seagen</a> (Acq 2023) <ul><li>Cascadian Therapeutics (Acq 2018)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legal issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aggressive_pharmaceutical_marketing">Aggressive pharmaceutical marketing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aggressive pharmaceutical marketing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical_settlements" title="List of largest pharmaceutical settlements">List of largest pharmaceutical settlements</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_v._Parke-Davis" title="Franklin v. Parke-Davis">Franklin v. Parke-Davis</a></div> Pfizer has been accused of aggressive <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_marketing" title="Pharmaceutical marketing">pharmaceutical marketing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004_Illegal_marketing_of_gabapentin_for_off-label_uses_settlement">2004 Illegal marketing of gabapentin for off-label uses settlement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2004 Illegal marketing of gabapentin for off-label uses settlement">edit</a>]</div> In 1993, the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approved <a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">gabapentin</a> only for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">seizures</a>. <a href="/wiki/Warner%E2%80%93Lambert" title="Warner–Lambert">Warner–Lambert</a>, which merged with Pfizer in 2000, used <a href="/wiki/Continuing_medical_education" title="Continuing medical education">continuing medical education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">medical research</a>, sponsored articles about the drug for the medical literature, and alleged suppression of unfavorable study results, to promote gabapentin. Within five years, the drug was being widely used for <a href="/wiki/Off-label_use" title="Off-label use">off-label uses</a> such as treatment of pain and psychiatric conditions. Warner–Lambert admitted to violating FDA regulations by promoting the drug for pain, psychiatric conditions, migraine, and other unapproved uses.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 2004, the company paid $430 million in one of the largest settlements to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges. It was the first off-label promotion case successfully brought under the <a href="/wiki/False_Claims_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="False Claims Act">False Claims Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> A Cochrane review concluded that gabapentin is ineffective in migraine prophylaxis.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Neurology" title="American Academy of Neurology">American Academy of Neurology</a> rates it as having unproven efficacy, while the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Headache_Society" title="Canadian Headache Society">Canadian Headache Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Neurological_Societies" title="European Federation of Neurological Societies">European Federation of Neurological Societies</a> rate its use as being supported by moderate and low-quality evidence.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_Illegal_marketing_of_Bextra_settlement">2009 Illegal marketing of Bextra settlement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2009 Illegal marketing of Bextra settlement">edit</a>]</div> In September 2009, Pfizer pleaded guilty to the illegal marketing of <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> drug <a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">valdecoxib</a> (Bextra) and agreed to a $2.3 billion settlement, the largest <a href="/wiki/Health_care_fraud" title="Health care fraud">health care fraud</a> settlement at that time.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Pfizer promoted the sale of the drug for several uses and dosages that the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> specifically declined to approve due to safety concerns. The drug was pulled from the market in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> It was Pfizer's fourth such settlement in a decade.<a href="#cite_note-Settle-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-Improper-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-fine-192">[192]</a> The payment included $1.195 billion in criminal penalties for felony violations of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a>, and $1.0 billion to settle allegations it had illegally promoted the drugs for uses that were not approved by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) leading to violations under the <a href="/wiki/False_Claims_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="False Claims Act">False Claims Act</a> as reimbursements were requested from Federal and State programs. The criminal fine was the largest ever assessed in the United States to date.<a href="#cite_note-Settle-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-Improper-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-fine-192">[192]</a> Pfizer entered a <a href="/wiki/Corporate_integrity_agreement" title="Corporate integrity agreement">corporate integrity agreement</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Office of Inspector General</a> that required it to make substantial structural reforms within the company, and publish to its website its post approval commitments and a searchable database of all payments to physicians made by the company.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Termination_of_Peter_Rost">Termination of Peter Rost</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Termination of Peter Rost">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rost_(doctor)" title="Peter Rost (doctor)">Peter Rost</a> was vice president in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a> division at <a href="/wiki/Pharmacia" title="Pharmacia">Pharmacia</a> before its acquisition by Pfizer. During that time he raised concerns internally about <a href="/wiki/Kickback_(bribery)" title="Kickback (bribery)">kickbacks</a> and off-label marketing of Genotropin, Pharmacia's <a href="/wiki/Human_growth_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Human growth hormone">human growth hormone</a> drug. Pfizer reported the Pharmacia marketing practices to the FDA and Department of Justice; Rost was unaware of this and filed an FCA lawsuit against Pfizer. Pfizer kept him employed, but isolated him until the FCA suit was unsealed in 2005. The Justice Department declined to intervene, and Pfizer fired him, and he filed a wrongful termination suit against Pfizer. Pfizer won a summary dismissal of the case, with the court ruling that the evidence showed Pfizer had decided to fire Rost prior to learning of his whistleblower activities.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014_Illegal_marketing_of_Rapamune_settlement">2014 Illegal marketing of Rapamune settlement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2014 Illegal marketing of Rapamune settlement">edit</a>]</div> A "whistleblower suit" was filed in 2005 against <a href="/wiki/Wyeth" title="Wyeth">Wyeth</a>, which was acquired by Pfizer in 2009, alleging that the company illegally marketed <a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">sirolimus</a> (Rapamune) for <a href="/wiki/Off-label_use" title="Off-label use">off-label uses</a>, targeted specific doctors and medical facilities to increase sales of Rapamune, tried to get transplant patients to change from their transplant drugs to Rapamune, and specifically targeted <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-Americans</a>. According to the whistleblowers, Wyeth also provided doctors and hospitals that prescribed the drug with kickbacks such as grants, donations, and other money.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In 2013, the company pleaded guilty to criminal mis-branding violations under the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a>. By August 2014, it had paid $491 million in civil and criminal penalties related to Rapamune.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014_Illegal_marketing_settlement">2014 Illegal marketing settlement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2014 Illegal marketing settlement">edit</a>]</div> In June 2010, health insurance network <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield">Blue Cross Blue Shield</a> (BCBS) filed a lawsuit against Pfizer for allegedly illegally marketing drugs Bextra, Geodon and Lyrica. BCBS alleged that Pfizer used kickbacks and wrongly persuaded doctors to prescribe the drugs.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> According to the lawsuit, Pfizer handed out 'misleading' materials on <a href="/wiki/Off-label_use" title="Off-label use">off-label uses</a>, sent over 5,000 doctors on trips to the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> or around the United States, and paid them $2,000 honoraria in return for listening to lectures about Bextra.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Despite Pfizer's claims that "the company's intent was pure" in fostering a legal exchange of information among doctors, an internal marketing plan revealed that Pfizer intended to train physicians "to serve as public relations spokespeople."<a href="#cite_note-toobig-202">[202]</a> The case was settled in 2014 for $325 million.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Fearing that Pfizer is "<a href="/wiki/Too_big_to_fail" title="Too big to fail">too big to fail</a>" and that prosecuting the company would result in disruptions to <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>, federal prosecutors instead charged a subsidiary of a subsidiary of a subsidiary of Pfizer, which is "nothing more than a shell company whose only function is to plead guilty."<a href="#cite_note-toobig-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_Quigley_Company_asbestos_settlement">2013 Quigley Company asbestos settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2013 Quigley Company asbestos settlement">edit</a>]</div> The Quigley Company, which sold <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>-containing insulation products until the early 1970s, was acquired by Pfizer in 1968. In June 2013, asbestos victims and Pfizer negotiated a settlement that required Pfizer to pay a total of $964 million: $430 million to 80% of existing plaintiffs and place an additional $535 million into a settlement trust that will compensate future plaintiffs as well as the remaining 20% of plaintiffs with claims against Pfizer and Quigley. Of that $535 million, $405 million is in a 40-year note from Pfizer, while $100 million is from insurance policies.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994_Shiley_defective_heart_valves_settlement">1994 Shiley defective heart valves settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1994 Shiley defective heart valves settlement">edit</a>]</div> Pfizer purchased Shiley in 1979, at the onset of its Convexo-Concave valve ordeal, involving the <a href="/wiki/Bjork%E2%80%93Shiley_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjork–Shiley valve">Bjork–Shiley valve</a>. Approximately 500 people died when defective <a href="/wiki/Heart_valve" title="Heart valve">heart valves</a> fractured and, in 1994, Pfizer agreed to pay $10.75 million to settle claims by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> that the company lied to get approval for the valves.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_Firing_of_employee_that_filed_suit">2010 Firing of employee that filed suit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2010 Firing of employee that filed suit">edit</a>]</div> A federal lawsuit was filed by a scientist claiming she got an infection by a genetically modified <a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus">lentivirus</a> while working for Pfizer, resulting in intermittent <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> A judge dismissed the case citing a lack of evidence that the illness was caused by the virus but the jury ruled that by firing the employee, Pfizer violated laws protecting <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblowers</a> and awarded her $1.37 million.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_Celebrex_intellectual_property_settlement">2012 Celebrex intellectual property settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2012 Celebrex intellectual property settlement">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> (BYU) said a professor of chemistry, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_L._Simmons" title="Daniel L. Simmons">Daniel L. Simmons</a>, discovered an enzyme in the 1990s that led towards development of <a href="/wiki/Celebrex" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebrex">Celebrex</a>. BYU was originally seeking a 15% royalty on sales, equating to $9.7 billion. A research agreement had been made between BYU and <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a>, whose pharmaceutical business was later acquired by Pfizer, to develop a better <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>. The enzyme Dr. Simmons claims to have discovered would induce pain and inflammation while causing gastrointestinal problems and Celebrex is used to reduce those issues. A six-year battle ensued because BYU claimed that Pfizer did not give Dr. Simmons credit or compensation, while Pfizer claimed that it had met all obligations regarding the Monsanto agreement. In May 2012, Pfizer settled the allegations, agreeing to pay $450 million.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_Nigeria_Trovafloxacin_lawsuit_settlement">2011 Nigeria Trovafloxacin lawsuit settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2011 Nigeria Trovafloxacin lawsuit settlement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Abdullahi_v._Pfizer,_Inc." title="Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc.">Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc.</a></div> In 1996, an outbreak of measles, cholera, and bacterial meningitis occurred in Nigeria. Pfizer representatives and personnel from a contract research organization (CRO) traveled to <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a> to set up a clinical trial and administer an experimental <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trovafloxacin" title="Trovafloxacin">trovafloxacin</a>, to approximately 200 children.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Tests in animals showed that Trovan had life-threatening side effects, including joint disease, abnormal cartilage growth, liver damage, and a degenerative bone condition. Pfizer’s representatives did not alert the parents or patients about the serious risks involved, or tell them about an effective conventional treatment that Doctors without Borders was providing at the same site.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Local Kano officials reported that more than fifty children died in the experiment, while many others developed mental and physical deformities such as blindness, deafness, paralysis, and brain damage.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> The nature and frequency of both fatalities and other adverse outcomes were similar to those historically found among pediatric patients treated for meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> In 2001, families of the children, as well as the governments of Kano and Nigeria, filed lawsuits regarding the treatment.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a>, "[r]esearchers did not obtain signed consent forms, and medical personnel said Pfizer did not tell parents their children were getting the experimental drug."<a href="#cite_note-DN-214">[214]</a> The lawsuits also accused Pfizer of using the outbreak to perform unapproved human testing, as well as allegedly under-dosing a control group being treated with traditional antibiotics in order to skew the results of the trial in favor of Trovan. Nigerian medical personnel as well as at least one Pfizer physician said the trial was conducted without regulatory approval.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In 2007, Pfizer published a Statement of Defense letter, stating that the drug's oral form was safer and easier to administer. Trovan had been used safely in more than five thousand Americans prior to the Nigerian trial, and mortality in the patients treated by Pfizer was lower than that observed historically in African meningitis epidemics. No unusual side effects, unrelated to meningitis, were observed after four weeks.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In June 2010, the US Supreme Court rejected Pfizer's appeal against a ruling allowing lawsuits by the Nigerian families to proceed.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> In December 2010, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> indicated that Pfizer hired investigators to find evidence of corruption against Nigerian attorney general <a href="/wiki/Michael_Aondoakaa" title="Michael Aondoakaa">Michael Aondoakaa</a> to persuade him to drop legal action.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> reporter Joe Stephens, who helped break the story in 2000, called these actions "dangerously close to blackmail".<a href="#cite_note-DN-214">[214]</a> In response, the company released a press statement describing the allegations as "preposterous" and saying that it acted in good faith.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Aondoakka, who had allegedly demanded bribes from Pfizer in return for a settlement of the case,<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> was declared unfit for office and had his U.S. visa revoked in association with corruption charges in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> The lawsuits were eventually settled out of court. Pfizer committed to paying US$35 million "to compensate the families of children in the study", another $30 million to "support healthcare initiatives in Kano", and $10 million to cover legal costs. Payouts began in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_Inflating_Prices_fine">2022 Inflating Prices fine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2022 Inflating Prices fine">edit</a>]</div> In July 2022, UK antitrust authorities fined Pfizer £63 million for unfairly high priced drug that aids in controlling epileptic seizures. The Competition and Markets Authority stated that the company took advantage of loopholes by de-branding epilepsy drug Epanutin, by doing so the price of Epanutin's price was not regulated to the same standards the company are used to and therefore the price of the drug was raised. It was stated that over a four-year period, Pfizer had billed Epanutin for around 780% and 1,600% higher than its standard price.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_Allegations_of_patent_infringement_on_mRNA_technology">2022 Allegations of patent infringement on mRNA technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2022 Allegations of patent infringement on mRNA technology">edit</a>]</div> In August 2022, <a href="/wiki/Moderna" title="Moderna">Moderna</a> announced that it will sue Pfizer and its partner <a href="/wiki/BioNTech" title="BioNTech">BioNTech</a> for <a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">infringing their patent</a> on the mRNA technology.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> In May 2024, the <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Office" title="European Patent Office">European Patent Office</a> upheld the validity of Moderna's EP949 patent, one of the two patents asserted against Pfizer and BioNTech.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Environmental record">edit</a>]</div> Since 2000, the company has implemented more than 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> reduction projects.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Pfizer has inherited Wyeth's liabilities in the <a href="/wiki/American_Cyanamid" title="American Cyanamid">American Cyanamid</a> site in <a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bridgewater Township, New Jersey">Bridgewater Township, New Jersey</a>, a highly toxic EPA <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> site. Pfizer has since attempted to remediate this land in order to clean and develop it for future profits and potential public uses.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edison_Wetlands_Association" title="Edison Wetlands Association">Edison Wetlands Association</a> have opposed the cleanup plan, arguing that the area is subject to flooding, which could cause pollutants to leach. The EPA considers the plan the most reasonable from considerations of safety and cost-effectiveness, arguing that an alternative plan involving trucking <a href="/wiki/Contaminated_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Contaminated soil">contaminated soil</a> off site could expose cleanup workers. The EPA's position is backed by the environmental watchdog group CRISIS.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In June 2002, a chemical explosion at the Groton plant injured 7 people and caused the evacuation of more than 100 homes in the surrounding area.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public-private_engagement">Public-private engagement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public-private engagement">edit</a>]</div> Pfizer engages with the public and private sectors in a variety of settings including to promote <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a>, academic funding, event sponsorship, <a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_lobbying" class="mw-redirect" title="Political lobbying">political lobbying</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Academia">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a> – Matching gifts and direct donor.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> – Donor to the Boundless Campaign,<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> and member of the President's Circle.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> – Member of the Honor Roll of Donors, having contributed between $10 million and $50 million to funding the school as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activism">Activism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Activism">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> (HRC) – Corporate partner.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Law_Center" title="National Women's Law Center">National Women's Law Center</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Strength" title="Share Our Strength">Share Our Strength</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaterAid" title="WaterAid">WaterAid</a> – Partner.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conferences_and_summits">Conferences and summits</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Conferences and summits">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Women in Medicine Summit – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></li> <li>World Neuroscience Innovation Forum – Strategic partner.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Pfizer engaged many forms of media to promote their <a href="/wiki/Pfizer_COVID-19_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>, including a commissioned <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a> documentary.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Pfizer is also a donor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Pfizer was a prominent sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/94th_Academy_Awards" title="94th Academy Awards">2022 Oscars ceremony</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/BioNTech" title="BioNTech">BioNTech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Pfizer has been a major donor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Foundation" title="National Press Foundation">National Press Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Pfizer sponsored a program for the NPF called "Cancer Issues 2010" to train journalists to "understand the latest research" on various cancers, including the role of pharmaceutical products and vaccines. <a href="/wiki/MicroRNA" title="MicroRNA">MicroRNA</a> (miRNA) was also a listed topic.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Pfizer sponsors <a href="/wiki/19_to_Zero" title="19 to Zero">19 to Zero</a>, a "coalition of academics, public health experts, behavioural economists, and creative professionals" that develops media and educational materials to influence public perception surrounding <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_societies">Medical societies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Medical societies">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Hematology" title="American Society of Hematology">American Society of Hematology</a> – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li> <li>Arthritis Society – National partner. Pfizer also supports the organization's provincial branches in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cancer_Society" title="Canadian Cancer Society">Canadian Cancer Society</a> – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Paediatric_Society" title="Canadian Paediatric Society">Canadian Paediatric Society</a> – Funding. CPS is the organization that administers the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, Active (IMPACT) vaccine safety program.<a href="#cite_note-:2-255">[255]</a></li> <li>Canadian Society of Internal Medicine – Annual conference sponsor with <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Myers_Squibb" title="Bristol Myers Squibb">Bristol Myers Squibb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_Society" title="Endocrine Society">Endocrine Society</a> – Corporate Liaison Board member.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Society_of_Cardiology" title="European Society of Cardiology">European Society of Cardiology</a> – Sponsor of the EURObservational Research Programme.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li>Spanish Cardiac Society – Strategic partner.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_lobbying">Political lobbying</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Political lobbying">edit</a>]</div> Pfizer is affiliated with a variety of industry organizations engaging in <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">political lobbying</a>, and has made substantial direct donations to government and regulatory agencies: <ul><li>Adult Vaccine Access Coalition – Member.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li>Alliance for a Stronger FDA – Member.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a></li> <li>AMR Industry Alliance – Member.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIOTECanada" title="BIOTECanada">BIOTECanada</a> – Member company.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Policy_Center" title="Bipartisan Policy Center">Bipartisan Policy Center</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Business_Council" title="The Business Council">The Business Council</a> – Member, represented by CEO <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Foundation" title="United Nations Foundation">Business Council for the United Nations</a> – Member.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_on_Budget_and_Policy_Priorities" title="Center on Budget and Policy Priorities">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities</a> – Funder.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li>Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA) – Partner.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a></li> <li>COVID-19 Vaccine Education and Equity Project – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Pharmaceutical_Industries_and_Associations" title="European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations">European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations</a> – Member.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_the_National_Institutes_of_Health" title="Foundation for the National Institutes of Health">Foundation for the National Institutes of Health</a> (FNIH) – Donor. Pfizer has given between $5,000,000 and $9,999,999 to the between 1997 and 2020, contributing to funding the activities of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Health_Council" title="Global Health Council">Global Health Council</a> – Member.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li> <li>Immunisation Coalition (Australia) – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovative_Medicines_Canada" title="Innovative Medicines Canada">Innovative Medicines Canada</a> – Member. IMC is an association of pharmaceutical companies doing business in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> The group lobbies the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ontario" title="Government of Ontario">Government of Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> through Rubicon Strategy, a firm owned by <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a> campaign manager <a href="/wiki/Kory_Teneycke" title="Kory Teneycke">Kory Teneycke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Pharmaceutical_Manufacturers_%26_Associations" title="International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations">International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations</a> (IFPMA) – Member.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li>Life Sciences British Columbia (LSBC) – Member company and Platinum Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Health_Council" title="National Health Council">National Health Council</a> (NHC) – Member organization. NHC is a non-profit organization that lobbies the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government">U.S. Government</a> on issues related to <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare reform in the United States">healthcare reform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li>National Pharmaceutical Council (NPC) – Member company.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a></li> <li>Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC) – Member.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Advertising_Advisory_Board" title="Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board">Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board</a> (PAAB) – Client.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Research_and_Manufacturers_of_America" title="Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America</a> (PhRMA) – Member company.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan-Udall_Foundation" title="Reagan-Udall Foundation">Reagan-Udall Foundation for the Food and Drug Administration</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a></li> <li>Research!America – Member organization.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Leadership_Coalition" title="U.S. Global Leadership Coalition">U.S. Global Leadership Coalition</a> – Member.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> – Member organization.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a>, who resigned as <a href="/wiki/FDA_commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA commissioner">FDA commissioner</a> in April 2019, joined the Pfizer <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> three months later, in July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Pfizer lobbied various officials in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_British_Columbia" title="Government of British Columbia">Government of British Columbia</a> between April and November 2012, including then-premier <a href="/wiki/Christy_Clark" title="Christy Clark">Christy Clark</a>, future premier <a href="/wiki/John_Horgan" title="John Horgan">John Horgan</a>, future health minister <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Dix" title="Adrian Dix">Adrian Dix</a>, and future deputy premier, minister of public safety and solicitor general <a href="/wiki/Mike_Farnworth" title="Mike Farnworth">Mike Farnworth</a>. The disclosed purpose was to "provide health policy and pharmaceutical information and communications on behalf of Pfizer Canada," and "learn and understand the budgetary, policy and strategic directions of the Government."<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_associations">Professional associations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Professional associations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Academy of Surgical Research (ASR) – 2021 Annual Meeting sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Statistical_Association" title="American Statistical Association">American Statistical Association</a> (ASA) – Corporate supporter.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a></li> <li>Bioscience Association Manitoba (BAM) – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li>British Columbia Pharmacy Association (BCPA) – Event sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li>Canadian Association for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (CACMID) – Patron (former).<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_of_Emergency_Physicians" title="Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians">Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians</a> (CAEP) – Corporate partner.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li> <li>Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists – Annual meeting sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Medical_Association" title="Canadian Medical Association">Canadian Medical Association</a> – Sponsor. In 2009, Pfizer partnered with the CMA to launch a continuing medical education course for physicians.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pharmacists_Association" title="Canadian Pharmacists Association">Canadian Pharmacists Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pharmacists_Journal" title="Canadian Pharmacists Journal">Canadian Pharmacists Journal</a> – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Public_Health_Association" title="Canadian Public Health Association">Canadian Public Health Association</a> - Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li> <li>Canadian Rheumatology Association – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li> <li>Canadian Urological Association – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Medical_Association" title="Ontario Medical Association">Ontario Medical Association</a> (OMA) – Donor to the Ontario Medical Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li> <li>Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_health">Public health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Public health">edit</a>]</div> Pfizer has engaged in a number of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Health_Initiatives" title="Global Health Initiatives">global health</a> initiatives worldwide, and provides funding for health care facilities of various specialties in <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">United States</a>: <ul><li>CANImmunize – Endorsing partner.<a href="#cite_note-:3-124">[124]</a> CANImmunize is a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">vaccine passport</a> software company funded primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Canada" title="Public Health Agency of Canada">Public Health Agency of Canada</a>, and partnered with governments, health agencies, academia and pharmaceutical companies across Canada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Addiction_and_Mental_Health" title="Centre for Addiction and Mental Health">Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana%E2%80%93Farber_Cancer_Institute" title="Dana–Farber Cancer Institute">Dana–Farber Cancer Institute</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li> <li>Federation of Medical Women of Canada – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li>Food Allergy Canada – Corporate partner, providing funding and advocacy support.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_for_Sick_Children_(Toronto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto)">Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)</a> – Donor to the SickKids Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li> <li>Medical Teams International – Corporate donor.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_Regional_Health_Center" title="North Bay Regional Health Center">North Bay Regional Health Center</a> – Donor to the NBRHC Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_Cancer_Centre" title="Princess Margaret Cancer Centre">Princess Margaret Cancer Centre</a> (PMCC) – Conference sponsor,<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> and donor to the Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Health_Network" title="Scarborough Health Network">Scarborough Health Network</a> (SHN) – Donor to the SHN Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Health_System" title="Sinai Health System">Sinai Health Foundation</a> – Donor. The foundation funds <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Toronto)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)">Mount Sinai Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgepoint_Active_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgepoint Active Healthcare">Bridgepoint Active Healthcare</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum_Research_Institute" title="Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute">Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnybrook_Health_Sciences_Centre" title="Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre">Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li> <li>University Hospitals Kingston Foundation – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> UHKF raises funds for the Kingston Health Sciences Centre and <a href="/wiki/Providence_Care" title="Providence Care">Providence Care</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Osler_Health_System" title="William Osler Health System">William Osler Health System</a> – Event sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a></li></ul> Pfizer sponsored a presentation in January 2020 delivered by Julie Bettinger through <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Health_Services_Authority" title="Provincial Health Services Authority">Provincial Health Services Authority</a> (PHSA) titled "Vaccine hesitancy: It doesn't matter if the vaccine works if nobody gets it."<a href="#cite_note-:2-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> In 2020, Pfizer provided funding in the range of $100,000.00 – $250,000.00 to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McDonald_House_Charities" title="Ronald McDonald House Charities">Ronald McDonald House Charities</a> “to provide resources that directly improve the health and well-being of children and their families.”<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_development">Research and development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Research and development">edit</a>]</div> Pfizer has partnered with and sponsored many medical research networks and professional associations in the United States, Canada and globally: <ul><li>ABC Global Alliance – Main sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> The alliance is a Portuguese not-for-profit society supporting research into advanced breast cancer.</li> <li>Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) – Industry partner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdvaMed" title="AdvaMed">AdvaMed</a> – Member (former).<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li> <li>Alliance for Regenerative Medicine – Member organization.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> The alliance is an international advocacy organization supporting the development of <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_medicine" title="Regenerative medicine">regenerative medicines</a> including <a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">gene therapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stem-cell_therapy" title="Stem-cell therapy">stem-cell therapy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthritis_Australia" title="Arthritis Australia">Arthritis Australia</a> – Donor.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li> <li>BioFIT – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> BioFIT holds events to connect academia, pharmaceutical companies, and investors in the field of <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>.</li> <li>Canadian Frailty Network – Industry partner.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> CFN has provided research grants related to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a></li> <li>Colorectal Cancer Canada – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugs_for_Neglected_Diseases_Initiative" title="Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative">Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative</a> – Partner.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> DNDI is a non-profit <a href="/wiki/Drug_research_and_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug research and development">drug research and development</a> organization that expedites creation and delivery of medicines for diseases including <a href="/wiki/Leishmaniasis" title="Leishmaniasis">leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_sickness" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeping sickness">sleeping sickness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a> – Funding for COVID-19 operations.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_and_Stroke_Foundation_of_Canada" title="Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada">Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada</a> – National corporate partner and sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a></li> <li>Lung Health Foundation – Partner.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> Funds research into infectious lung disease and lobbying for policy changes.</li> <li>Mentoring in IBD – Sponsor. Annual educational program for Canadian <a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">gastroenterologists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Toronto)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)">Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)</a> – Sponsor for research into <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">infectious diseases</a> such as <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> through educational grants.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a></li> <li>Nova Scotia Chronic Pain Collaborative Care Network – Investment in Canadian health research.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a></li> <li>Ontario Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) – Research grants.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a></li> <li>Pinnacle Research Group – Sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li> <li>Radcliffe Cardiology – Industry partner.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Initiative" title="Truth Initiative">Truth Initiative</a> – Featured partner.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> The initiative performs research and policy studies related to the reduction of tobacco use in youth.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Philanthropy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Pfizer_Foundation">The Pfizer Foundation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: The Pfizer Foundation">edit</a>]</div> The Pfizer Foundation, established in 1953, is a charitable organization dedicated to building healthier communities worldwide. It operates independently of Pfizer Inc., with its mission centered on addressing global health challenges, supporting urgent health needs, and empowering Pfizer employees to create meaningful impacts in their communities.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> The foundation also supports specific initiatives such as improving breast cancer care in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, empowering women and driving progress through Integrated Health Services in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, addressing vaccine access for zero-dose children in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, and collaborating with organizations like <a href="/wiki/Direct_Relief" title="Direct Relief">Direct Relief</a> to strengthen healthcare providers in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Board of directors">edit</a>]</div> As of December 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit">[update]</a>, the company's <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board</a> consisted of the following directors:<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> <ul><li>Ronald E. Blaylock, Managing Partner of GenNx360 Capital Partners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bourla" title="Albert Bourla">Albert Bourla</a>, CEO of Pfizer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Buckley" title="Mortimer J. Buckley">Mortimer J. Buckley</a>, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Desmond-Hellmann" title="Sue Desmond-Hellmann">Sue Desmond-Hellmann</a>, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/The_Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li>Joseph J. Echevarria, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Deloitte_LLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Deloitte LLP">Deloitte LLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs" title="Commissioner of Food and Drugs">Commissioner</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hobbs" title="Helen Hobbs">Helen Hobbs</a>, Professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Southwestern_Medical_Center" title="University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center">University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hockfield" title="Susan Hockfield">Susan Hockfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="List of presidents of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology">16th President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Littman" title="Dan Littman">Dan Littman</a>, professor of Molecular Immunology at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantanu_Narayen" title="Shantanu Narayen">Shantanu Narayen</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Nora_Johnson" title="Suzanne Nora Johnson">Suzanne Nora Johnson</a>, former Vice Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Quincey" title="James Quincey">James Quincey</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Smith_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="James C. Smith (businessman)">James C. Smith</a>, former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a></li> <li>Cyrus Taraporevala, former President and CEO of <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Global_Advisors" title="State Street Global Advisors">State Street Global Advisor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership">Ownership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Ownership">edit</a>]</div> As of November 30, 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit">[update]</a>, the largest shareholders of Pfizer were:<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a> (9.11%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a> (7.69%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street</a> (5.13%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Management_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington Management Group">Wellington Management Group</a> (2.89%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schwab_Corporation" title="Charles Schwab Corporation">Charles Schwab Corporation</a> (2.30%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geode_Capital_Management" title="Geode Capital Management">Geode Capital Management</a> (2.08%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank" title="Norges Bank">Norges Bank</a> (1.48%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a> (1.38%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Financial_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Financial Services">Massachusetts Financial Services</a> (1.26%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Farm" title="State Farm">State Farm</a> (0.96%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style 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References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2024-10K-1"><a href="#cite_ref-2024-10K_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800325000054/pfe-20241231.htm">"Pfizer Inc. 2024 Form 10-K Annual Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. 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(2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405881180" title="Special:BookSources/9781405881180"><bdi>9781405881180</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APfizer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10K-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800324000039/pfe-20231231.htm">"Pfizer Inc. 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. 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Retrieved December 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pfizer.com&rft.atitle=Board+Member&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfizer.com%2Fpeople%2Fleadership%2Fboard_of_directors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APfizer" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE/holders/">"Top Institutional Holders"</a>. Yahoo!Finance.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21Finance&rft.atitle=Top+Institutional+Holders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fquote%2FPFE%2Fholders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APfizer" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfizer&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pfizer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pfizer">Pfizer</a> at Wikimedia Commons <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pfizer.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206921#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000000138">Pfizer</a> on <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a>, a website that tracks and publishes data on campaign finance and lobbying <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206921#P4691" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li>Business data for Pfizer Inc.: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/PFE">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=PFE">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pfizer&params=40.7553_N_73.9996_W_">40°45′19″N 73°59′59″W / 40.7553°N 73.9996°W / 40.7553; -73.9996</a> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories" title="Abbott Laboratories">Abbott Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbbVie" title="AbbVie">AbbVie Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acorda_Therapeutics" title="Acorda Therapeutics">Acorda Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaxis" title="Advaxis">Advaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexion_Pharmaceuticals" title="Alexion Pharmaceuticals">Alexion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alnylam" class="mw-redirect" title="Alnylam">Alnylam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amneal_Pharmaceuticals" title="Amneal Pharmaceuticals">Amneal Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avax_Technologies" title="Avax Technologies">Avax Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_International" title="Baxter International">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioCryst_Pharmaceuticals" title="BioCryst Pharmaceuticals">BioCryst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioverativ" title="Bioverativ">Bioverativ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biovest" title="Biovest">Biovest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biovista" title="Biovista">Biovista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Myers_Squibb" title="Bristol Myers Squibb">Bristol Myers Squibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Pharmaceuticals" title="Century Pharmaceuticals">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceragenix_Pharmaceuticals" title="Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals">Ceragenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combe_Incorporated" title="Combe Incorporated">Combe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CytoSport" title="CytoSport">CytoSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CytRx" title="CytRx">CytRx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danco_Laboratories" title="Danco Laboratories">Danco Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galena_Biopharma" title="Galena Biopharma">Galena Biopharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genentech" title="Genentech">Genentech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionis_Pharmaceuticals" title="Ionis Pharmaceuticals">Ionis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_OneWorld_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for OneWorld Health">Institute for OneWorld Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercept_Pharmaceuticals" title="Intercept Pharmaceuticals">Intercept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethicon" title="Ethicon">Ethicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_Biotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Janssen Biotech">Janssen Biotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNeil_Consumer_Healthcare" title="McNeil Consumer Healthcare">McNeil Consumer Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortho-McNeil_Pharmaceutical" title="Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical">Ortho-McNeil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Concepts" title="Kinetic Concepts">Kinetic Concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKesson_Corporation" title="McKesson Corporation">McKesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinta_Therapeutics" title="Melinta Therapeutics">Melinta Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melior_Discovery" title="Melior Discovery">Melior Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentholatum" title="Mentholatum">Mentholatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Pharmaceuticals" title="Merrimack Pharmaceuticals">Merrimack Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad_Genetics" title="Myriad Genetics">Myriad Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna" title="Moderna">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Biotherapeutics" title="Northwest Biotherapeutics">Northwest Biotherapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_Pharma_Services" title="Norwich Pharma Services">Norwich Pharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NovaBay_Pharmaceuticals" title="NovaBay Pharmaceuticals">NovaBay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organon_%26_Co." title="Organon & Co.">Organon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovation_Pharmaceuticals" title="Ovation Pharmaceuticals">Ovation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pfizer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.D._Searle,_LLC" title="G.D. Searle, LLC">Searle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPD,_Inc." title="PPD, Inc.">Pharmaceutical Product Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasco_Laboratories" title="Prasco Laboratories">Prasco Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteon_Therapeutics" title="Proteon Therapeutics">Proteon Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Pharma" title="Purdue Pharma">Purdue Pharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_Pharmaceuticals" title="Quark Pharmaceuticals">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals" title="Regeneron Pharmaceuticals">Regeneron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RespireRx" title="RespireRx">RespireRx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarepta_Therapeutics" title="Sarepta Therapeutics">Sarepta Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Pharmaceuticals" title="Sheffield Pharmaceuticals">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_Pharmaceuticals" title="Spectrum Pharmaceuticals">Spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tec_Laboratories" title="Tec Laboratories">Tec Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Pharmaceuticals" title="Titan Pharmaceuticals">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevena_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Trevena Inc">Trevena Inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultragenyx" title="Ultragenyx">Ultragenyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upsher-Smith_Laboratories" title="Upsher-Smith Laboratories">Upsher-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventria_Bioscience" title="Ventria Bioscience">Ventria Bioscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viatris" title="Viatris">Viatris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pharmaceutical_Services" title="West Pharmaceutical Services">West Pharmaceutical Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tax_inversion22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tax_inversion" title="Tax inversion">Tax inversion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actavis" title="Actavis">Actavis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkermes_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkermes (company)">Alkermes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allergan" title="Allergan">Allergan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covidien" title="Covidien">Covidien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endo_International" title="Endo International">Endo International</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Therapeutics" title="Horizon Therapeutics">Horizon Therapeutics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Pharmaceuticals" title="Jazz Pharmaceuticals">Jazz Pharmaceuticals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallinckrodt" title="Mallinckrodt">Mallinckrodt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrigo" title="Perrigo">Perrigo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_inversions" title="Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_Health" title="Bausch Health">Bausch Health</a> (Canada, 2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alza" title="Alza">Alza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allergan,_Inc." title="Allergan, Inc.">Allergan, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amylin_Pharmaceuticals" title="Amylin Pharmaceuticals">Amylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIAD_Pharmaceuticals" title="ARIAD Pharmaceuticals">ARIAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barr_Pharmaceuticals" title="Barr Pharmaceuticals">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biolex" title="Biolex">Biolex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Pharmaceuticals" title="Bradley Pharmaceuticals">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CancerVax" title="CancerVax">CancerVax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalon" title="Cephalon">Cephalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoTherix" class="mw-redirect" title="CoTherix">CoTherix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubist_Pharmaceuticals" title="Cubist Pharmaceuticals">Cubist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_Laboratories" title="Cutter Laboratories">Cutter Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNAPrint_Genomics" title="DNAPrint Genomics">DNAPrint Genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epix_Pharmaceuticals" title="Epix Pharmaceuticals">Epix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Laboratories" title="Forest Laboratories">Forest Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genta_(company)" title="Genta (company)">Genta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImClone_Systems" title="ImClone Systems">ImClone Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISTA_Pharmaceuticals" title="ISTA Pharmaceuticals">ISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Pharmaceuticals" title="King Pharmaceuticals">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KV_Pharmaceutical" title="KV Pharmaceutical">KV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiner_Health_Products" title="Leiner Health Products">Leiner Health Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martek_Biosciences_Corporation" title="Martek Biosciences Corporation">Martek Biosciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._E._Massengill_Company" title="S. E. Massengill Company">Massengill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Laboratories" title="Miles Laboratories">Miles Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan" title="Mylan">Mylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naurex" class="mw-redirect" title="Naurex">Naurex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus_Pharmaceuticals" title="Nereus Pharmaceuticals">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvelo" title="Nuvelo">Nuvelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortho_Pharmaceutical" title="Ortho Pharmaceutical">Ortho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_Pharmaceuticals" title="OSI Pharmaceuticals">OSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parke-Davis" title="Parke-Davis">Parke-Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repros_Therapeutics" title="Repros Therapeutics">Repros Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualitest" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualitest">Qualitest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinta_Therapeutics" title="Melinta Therapeutics">Rib-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schering-Plough" title="Schering-Plough">Schering-Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith,_Kline_%26_French" title="Smith, Kline & French">Smith, Kline & French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Drug" title="Sterling Drug">Sterling Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanox" title="Tanox">Tanox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAP_Pharmaceuticals" title="TAP Pharmaceuticals">TAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trubion" title="Trubion">Trubion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upjohn" title="Upjohn">Upjohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verus_Pharmaceuticals" title="Verus Pharmaceuticals">Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViroPharma" title="ViroPharma">ViroPharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyeth" title="Wyeth">Wyeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonite_Products_Corporation" title="Zonite Products Corporation">Zonite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharmaceutical_companies" title="List of pharmaceutical companies">List of pharmaceutical companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206921#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1664" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206921#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1664" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206921#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000088007493">ISNI</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2064146-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85014186">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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