CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913623efe8e449cc',cH: 'h6LSTDxwKon6YPhF6y7oKJd2f85iJnWL5sWl1v1zY3U-1739799114-1.2.1.1-xhXJ5TvT.tKCQJrPmV2HeBLs7kYHpofTW_v70Uzck7sEd95zEfU_JJvz5yHEznSm',cUPMDTk: "\/10011618\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=2gA8uKI6vJqwE91yGah_3L3teM8sFUHk1nVfCBlNF8k-1739799114-1.0.1.1-3YdtmDwjrP.5ThrDoqURqnvYpjgu7.D4DaJ95draTOk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739799114',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10011618\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=2gA8uKI6vJqwE91yGah_3L3teM8sFUHk1nVfCBlNF8k-1739799114-1.0.1.1-3YdtmDwjrP.5ThrDoqURqnvYpjgu7.D4DaJ95draTOk",md: "ZghRT1KByi.rvNIVv.xEiJxHS9wJf5Xe4svxIndp83U-1739799114-1.2.1.1-6VKfWZfgxq19U44HcQ2Jx_tzoxuSH_Io4Tnrb_D731N8TIKGXHBgr4CFmuvL7iB_DH5uotrhKgA0OtkO6I62GVFTcFyMB38dh4imL_wg2i0sFp.dtzq2sqY_c8OFxHzWRcNs8T_xVBYYrmrbrH2knd_uj4XohswQTdihLlvLJEHDYG.yRHLtGjbx_Qi.mMyVK_hC2rTQn7SKlrtPdU2K_MKPieATPqLwZ19erfUngza6FbTcoftxwGLEsYFtSRrwDC8nOMvwkxM2yzr1TaZ0ksv1GNuZjl7Giv3fm7Eo40HyuDRjQYlsAMTt_evPgp8yx_gOvLiHO6xvGcfN6DD7Ipr3o_hoySOPnT.nHwNKw6XaXh28A6XGruhgwyyxCWe.i83.Tb8.QIk65NnrGCGOwT761HrKy7.e84h7Z1ULwK0CuEvGqui5CPryzi.vb3_1kQq.bD0Hd6W6rD4V1l.KmBS5fu8lResjIEM4uLcRiSbQGEYHFHHsrcImhf384lfJzh4Gzc_IielR5wxG4_CgZqJmWfqGqMxsa00Ga6zlymBTKxuuG8TWXFb49ICLRhMYXi5WYuarZ2F_AhkKINr_sVK4dS7Mfnat9Yi8e8fknxFV6oIZF60lZcRaiPRjnAi5iQEMdQdZ2mdGpbsFKZdds5OfmabR49CBRSNjSIE5uwllYoGmHfkdf4aI1jlfVP27s13tvxuFpsLWMcyrtmEDUtewa.x_1REVIkf_X5tAzCCpWpNUKsgDwGLR1rdrAc2WL39MMAmqlubpj1BrtvqO0jokRXa_gGysFb.RTfC4F5Xu7Q8RejNBWPJseF7ZqSDsI1uhqgmlSDqLAcfFxP7aBLR8I3sepeN00uNCUKyfwX0sDZ6_bZgGx0hRTEArWqkj9hyLUyJ71tl05BSRhKHBapd6LryQztQLH0Z7eWrCGiA7zOKWL2ysYIdJBBjM7EB6oofU49f_BZZ1wvqDRgL1hJS9JI_MtCBhszyNxKIcb_u7jJz3xq4f7PN67zAUa4t5H78Gu8oCe7RiqgkeCwqqUr9guMVIlN5zO.0YrnPiDpfVSmMCa1ZIk_DkNTU3KTjthlcNDztTVR0MriVpWFaiMxNhbpQRbeQVKrewb7QzrwSlb5CerLzi4_3XtGbm9j2LVxfoMMDJUivWV5pOCJR9brvW129WaaJ2p_1mNOlmrgjevPUO0TT9ZZSCYHccWGQdV1GyFYZQ9JIKHxruBLAqPuzcxg2tfiTD8PHZO6auUPabemW98_cupEXdrVq7t0x2Fs05oYcesQzBJoXQb3qD.5eDxTWbXZ3rbo7QbcF97JcpQDiLoHE4haqMaS3AaxXPj4i_s5lj1KxxVXCPi9SxFxD_o5LfdDAC6jIpP_0YWhgqvolT1BGlOiUZMbWjtTJjWm.tBvEU3kX73eVlX77ABUPgJW5TsqhUjMv88wkctMxpaN5UPV6Zo3bz5KGyX5RpWPVIkH5eDJSJzrLhAjyLe7l3Bq9CEaPkZ6Jdip2ycPw_M3YmIJdEopL7zWMuk_KeCL21WiKNeeaw6Kohryof_gNES567C4F5R.7PE6p2RheX8liiKZt3kfVzkrf3AJsMXxPg0PteYYleHTxgEH_XBPxfrxoI2Y4o.PYuP._Vu7wVWKtzORAhvRscv3UxgEQKcKkt8rtE02hofpJrCbXHXMxUdv._btpz23LSdCKNjx.1paFtObE0RCz8Z6eg1n4jX4QS1F31YdG8lSzUPb0xz2EP1UnXWK70glDkFYnwkH5xnYcz3xNa0Z5CQKbIKrzc_.kXLpLYfiLDP7d3e3_bcIW6RDUWxNwy4LAAcWkQP_0iRPLnJUJbc7V5Cox4OHC2Hyw6HmDknyx7vtPRXV9K4GsufgqaLmU2T_AgA20PBlU",mdrd: "ssNRwg1FGfXcL5MxfO1zypIZ0mIFaU3BmLiC4s8dSoI-1739799114-1.2.1.1-7U5AdeLgfuDi2h4ASV6U_Gwn16eOf_l9SsISfSV.jqrNnv2aOtmfXUfsqhJmywW7fZZYkOO6Hu8eGidJYn1M5Rd0xrkNPncZAPGuf3ABseGvmrdaD9.nmE9i.ff1OC7Bd.fPwb3A1Scvd.4_9Es38qqkF9g7kUQv_cOD09rw.czJKGG8QPhnyvDPE3vsMyWFIooxbq_1kYSNjY6zKVlGOVx_Hsw5V9e96BW5O8Q1FvNACB1AShdR8xaSY4euYM4VSKMsTT_PdgYVPAsElgLs8Ziyx0c18pKJb.KIHUOS3jVtwALo7Mi61m8.az.XUMWP74TL5QzqCLt8f4Bf00d4hGHe4BgPwtJeylKqKSObWD7EwZokrsJ0PmFUxkTRn2nQNScdw0qyVA6t4WVlT7p4xX.FqIz7uZ2jlpO0mv3g0cZb0CyI_qh_1UZJzaJwNhkK66i4yoNp_NWjc6K41O6G0zJVdK.uclA0NWm63PO1oqf9ULjmzxu770Xm5X_IKg0D3Q4npY3iKBJOBd8SWAneLjmLGl.PPyemi1G8A4bVsWaU_WuUscqp1R5f4MHYliOMW7xbKPsneIzIvPFcA_xT_V4dkvX6YeQFIk85Zr6ujeKPTHMjNQAKMjq8e.0ej5iayzzg30abeb.DA4MzWtLObUCbEsaN.sv5XHFdLFX6WnZspWvmrRRc8vBnM3m.JfsAnXKyZVUNygz1uDIDeye5nYhSacYZWi5AtW7PpKBFoZswnRQPw4_kzKtYs9DvjXmD69pdU01Hy6X9GPHu7.rMx_Bbrda88GQD.NbAmIeO14EWcvJS9ZJgpwx7zRUueDUw5PuOMc5T7TeBhOqUN.FvfpI5gONlyonAZihn84nCb1Z__c5QFkz2dttNkab_Hl7e_z2peSPgQj4uAUSNavuPIltvSoVnyEE0uA6PEkdLkIfQ92qBDOPDlKSsoJ7nA.OlSByClZVPUb_eHVv9DKvZxtHZhBKxTA9gP_aZXSp.kEJytEIjw9VtV0VUPbKkobskWy3TYnfDlKtzkcrugMI5eH9BXHYclH_sGy0Uy.tjd6All0BG_X6YV8y1rCp.zPJB86tQHMn92OwYrC0NxoNUl8G7B_xJaxNQDOrY3fyz5mi6qpDwn_cTaNSSzOWG6RRGyu25KPxlQK5ufL2MhqWaaaaH9YnfoJ7b0NF30xyLQvhfkQxnbqsmdq69SMbUiIW9.Swf5PGGORWm0GwmPtCbpAq_kcKkHsQNKuaYrkfuHfri3BYtTHBOb343Q5IRq2RcOpmBc5z5z7UChCgMK4XiorZ_BG0VuByW5q7FplKGzjQVgEUG3Tr39VAjOlYSmTS8tHVgb3w4bgebMJjU1d1Rqzwo9PVP5Y8.XsJIP0FM46kh0NOS4BIbgdG8vuqosN6KcYno0hcksvMwhrog5rBD2qA2.HFziLiDbFtOPSeJVlh5iCew1HYQawbZsjja217dyp6S2Lys.L5JL5Qd8KiPagX6LH.Izijt.txNv3LFChJ.Z0CpQLJXEQAFJ8FzY8Pu7luH8YtttjE96xOfVF6pEXR2MJhVR7URLZ77pfZs21n.2UXM4cFWYCx3_Ih7gKK.VYWSaWZ6kc9cIaxOITfhnsTiXH_XcZ0QJUSbUqxP__h9.leLNC2vC3J15OkKm77m.oncU7NuURHireaP5aYYC_VNC7OOwnXlSXa5h.XPgxDd2HKH4RyxvqLbG5gCf4rfq1jxQTatmlwS36wGDIrPa3DXGzjtprMr1r8SHgS_w6Awkwzey1VWnhO2AvB87bESloVq4s22r9wrtveJYM2LVla18s4uGwo6fVewBJ8XPpt4Qw4.v_z9Hb8KGvkm.Fbu3b.v2d_0YihtNPyNmdS.ndk5_lh7VG_Om84U7jNuYk3nXWdnGd70A5IOPjZlaQ3R.hDP_39yt5s90h8Bq6hF5QqOePYKxYswip1IvnJ6pS2iW0vIP1Uohcb80C13AuWI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913623efe8e449cc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10011618\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=2gA8uKI6vJqwE91yGah_3L3teM8sFUHk1nVfCBlNF8k-1739799114-1.0.1.1-3YdtmDwjrP.5ThrDoqURqnvYpjgu7.D4DaJ95draTOk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>