CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mohammed bin Salman - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6824a276-520e-4424-b186-ebef2b8c6ebc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mohammed_bin_Salman","wgTitle":"Mohammed bin Salman","wgCurRevisionId":1261073003,"wgRevisionId":1261073003,"wgArticleId":38689358,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from December 2021","Use dmy dates from April 2024","Pages using infobox military person with embed","Biography with signature","Articles with hCards","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2018","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Official website not in Wikidata","People appearing on C-SPAN","Articles containing video clips","1985 births","21st-century Saudi Arabian politicians","Children of Salman of Saudi Arabia","Critics of Islamism","Crown princes of Saudi Arabia","Defense ministers of Saudi Arabia","Deputy prime ministers of Saudi Arabia","Foreign recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan","Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali","King Saud University alumni","Living people","People from Riyadh","Prime ministers of Saudi Arabia","Sons of kings","Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia","Saudi Arabian anti-communists","Saudi Arabian Arab nationalists","Saudi Arabian billionaires","Saudi Arabian nationalists","Saudi Arabian Sunni Muslims","Sunni monarchs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mohammed_bin_Salman", "wgRelevantArticleId":38689358,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6892571","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1601"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1068"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="854"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mohammed bin Salman - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mohammed_bin_Salman rootpage-Mohammed_bin_Salman skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mohammed+bin+Salman" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mohammed+bin+Salman" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mohammed+bin+Salman" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mohammed+bin+Salman" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life,_education_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life,_education_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life, education and career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life,_education_and_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life, education and career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life,_education_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Early career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chief_of_the_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_of_the_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Chief of the Court </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_of_the_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_to_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Rise to power </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rise_to_power-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rise to power subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Minister of Defence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown_prince" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_prince"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Crown prince </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_prince-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_purge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_purge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 2017 purge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_purge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Prime Minister </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ideology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authoritarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authoritarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Authoritarianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authoritarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Domestic policies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Domestic_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Domestic policies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Religious policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Restrictions_on_religious_police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restrictions_on_religious_police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Restrictions on religious police </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restrictions_on_religious_police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_to_legal_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_to_legal_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Changes to legal system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_to_legal_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abaya_ban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abaya_ban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Abaya ban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abaya_ban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Economic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vision_2030" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vision_2030"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Vision 2030 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vision_2030-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_petroleum_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_petroleum_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Saudi petroleum industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_petroleum_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Sport sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Domestic reforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrest_of_Muhammad_bin_Nayef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest_of_Muhammad_bin_Nayef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Arrest of Muhammad bin Nayef </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest_of_Muhammad_bin_Nayef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_poisoning_attempt_against_King_Abdullah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_poisoning_attempt_against_King_Abdullah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Accusations of poisoning attempt against King Abdullah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_poisoning_attempt_against_King_Abdullah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Foreign policy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign policy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Interventions_in_Syria_and_Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interventions_in_Syria_and_Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Interventions in Syria and Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interventions_in_Syria_and_Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Relations with Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Relationship with Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Relations with Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Relations with United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relations_with_the_Trump_Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_the_Trump_Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Relations with the Trump Administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_the_Trump_Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_the_Biden_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_the_Biden_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.2 Relations with the Biden administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_the_Biden_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Qatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Qatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Relations with Qatar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Qatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation_of_Saad_Hariri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation_of_Saad_Hariri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Resignation of Saad Hariri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation_of_Saad_Hariri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi–Canadian_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi–Canadian_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Saudi–Canadian dispute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi–Canadian_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intimidation_of_Saad_al-Jabri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intimidation_of_Saad_al-Jabri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 Intimidation of Saad al-Jabri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intimidation_of_Saad_al-Jabri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.11 Relations with China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hack_of_Jeff_Bezos's_phone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hack_of_Jeff_Bezos's_phone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.12 Hack of Jeff Bezos's phone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hack_of_Jeff_Bezos's_phone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmentalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmentalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.13 Environmentalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmentalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mohammed bin Salman</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" > 75 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moh%C3%A1med_bin_Salm%C3%A1n" title="Mohámed bin Salmán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mohámed bin Salmán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d_bin_Salman" title="Məhəmməd bin Salman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মুহাম্মদ বিন সালমান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মদ বিন সালমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мохамед бин Салман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохамед бин Салман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Salm%C3%A1n" title="Muhammad bin Salmán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Muhammad bin Salmán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A9ammad_bin_Salm%C4%81n" title="Muḩammad bin Salmān – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muḩammad bin Salmān" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Μοχάμεντ Μπιν Σαλμάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοχάμεντ Μπιν Σαλμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Salm%C3%A1n" title="Mohamed bin Salmán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mohamed bin Salmán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Salman" title="Muhammad bin Salman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muhammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Salmane" title="Mohammed ben Salmane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mohammed ben Salmane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C_%EB%B9%88_%EC%82%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%95%8C%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C" title="무함마드 빈 살만 알사우드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무함마드 빈 살만 알사우드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4_%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AC-%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4" title="Մուհամմադ իբն Սալման ալ-Սաուդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուհամմադ իբն Սալման ալ-Սաուդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मोहम्मद बिन सलमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोहम्मद बिन सलमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Salman_Alu_Saud" title="Muhammad bin Salman Alu Saud – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad bin Salman Alu Saud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAhame%C3%B0_bin_Salman" title="Múhameð bin Salman – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múhameð bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman_Al_Sa%27ud" title="Mohammad bin Salman Al Sa'ud – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman Al Sa'ud" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93" title="מוחמד בן סלמאן אאל סעוד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד בן סלמאן אאל סעוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometus_Salmani_filius" title="Mahometus Salmani filius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahometus Salmani filius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammeds_bin_Selm%C4%81ns" title="Muhammeds bin Selmāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muhammeds bin Selmāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamedas_bin_Salmanas_Al_Saudas" title="Mohamedas bin Salmanas Al Saudas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mohamedas bin Salmanas Al Saudas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Szalm%C3%A1n_asz-Sza%C3%BAd" title="Mohamed bin Szalmán asz-Szaúd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohamed bin Szalmán asz-Szaúd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="മുഹമ്മദ് ബിൻ സൽമാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ് ബിൻ സൽമാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მუჰამედ იბნ სალმან ალ საუდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მუჰამედ იბნ სალმან ალ საუდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="محمد بن سلمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد بن سلمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%97_%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯍꯝꯃꯗ ꯕꯤꯟ ꯁꯜꯃꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯍꯝꯃꯗ ꯕꯤꯟ ꯁꯜꯃꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Salman" title="Muhammad bin Salman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muhammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мохамед бин Салман – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мохамед бин Салман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman_al-Saoed" title="Mohammad bin Salman al-Saoed – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman al-Saoed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मोहम्मद बिन सलमान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहम्मद बिन सलमान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ムハンマド・ビン・サルマーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・ビン・サルマーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Мухьаммад ибн Салман Аль СаӀуд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мухьаммад ибн Салман Аль СаӀуд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman_%CA%BE%C4%80l_Sa%CA%BF%C5%ABd" title="Mohammad bin Salman ʾĀl Saʿūd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman ʾĀl Saʿūd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Salmon" title="Muhammad ibn Salmon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad ibn Salmon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Salman_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz_Al_Su%E2%80%99ud" title="Muhammad ibn Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Su’ud – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muhammad ibn Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Su’ud" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman_Al_Saud" title="Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед ибн Салман Аль Сауд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед ибн Салман Аль Сауд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mohammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed_bin_Selman_Al_Saud" title="Muhamed bin Selman Al Saud – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhamed bin Selman Al Saud" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="මොහම්මඩ් බින් සල්මාන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොහම්මඩ් බින් සල්මාන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Salman" title="Mohamed bin Salman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohamed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="محەممەد کوڕی سەلمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد کوڕی سەلمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мухамед ибн Салман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мухамед ибн Салман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed_ibn_Salman" title="Muhamed ibn Salman – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muhamed ibn Salman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Salman" title="Muhammad bin Salman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammad bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మొహమ్మద్ బిన్ సల్మాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొహమ్మద్ బిన్ సల్మాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="มุฮัมมัด บิน ซัลมาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุฮัมมัด บิน ซัลมาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_bin_Selman" title="Muhammed bin Selman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed bin Selman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мухаммед ібн Салман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мухаммед ібн Салман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد بن سلمان آل سعود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mohammed bin Salman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC" title="穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90" title="穆罕默德王子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="穆罕默德王子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC" title="穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6892571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mohammed_bin_Salman" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mohammed_bin_Salman" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&oldid=1261073003" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mohammed_bin_Salman&id=1261073003&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMohammed_bin_Salman">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMohammed_bin_Salman">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mohammad_bin_Salman" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Mohammed_bin_Salman" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6892571" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (born 1985)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MbS" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/MBS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="MBS (disambiguation)">MBS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Saudi prince. For the Bahraini prince, see <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa" title="Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa">Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <a href="/wiki/Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Saud">Al Saud</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mohammed bin Salman</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_(32862953548)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="1213" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Mohammed in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: #e4dcf6"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 21 June 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef" title="Muhammad bin Nayef">Muhammad bin Nayef</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: #e4dcf6"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 27 September 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">8th First Deputy Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 June 2017 – 27 September 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef" title="Muhammad bin Nayef">Muhammad bin Nayef</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li>7th Second Deputy Prime Minister</li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 29 April 2015 – 21 June 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef" title="Muhammad bin Nayef">Muhammad bin Nayef</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef" title="Muhammad bin Nayef">Muhammad bin Nayef</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Muhammad bin Muqrin</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)">Minister of Defense</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 23 January 2015 – 27 September 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid bin Salman">Khalid bin Salman</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1985-08-31) 31 August 1985 (age 39) <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, Saudi Arabia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sara_bint_Mashour_Al_Saud" title="Sara bint Mashour Al Saud">Sara bint Mashour Al Saud</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2008)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Prince Salman</li> <li>Prince Mashour</li> <li>Princess Fahda</li> <li>Princess Noura</li> <li>Prince Abdulaziz</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Saud">Al Saud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fahda_bint_Falah_Al_Hithlain" title="Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain">Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Saud_University" title="King Saud University">King Saud University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian Armed Forces">Saudi Arabian Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg/150px-Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg/225px-Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg/300px-Signature_of_Mohammed_bin_Salman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="193" /></a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: محمد بن سلمان آل سعود, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Muḥammad bin Salmān Āl Su‘ūd; born 31 August 1985), commonly known by his initials as MBS or MbS, is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:10-1">[1]</a> formally serving as <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister.</a> He is the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi throne</a>, the seventh son of <a href="/wiki/King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="King Salman of Saudi Arabia">King Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>, and the grandson of the nation's founder, <a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="King Abdulaziz">King Abdulaziz</a>. Mohammed is the first child of King Salman bin Abdulaziz and his third wife, <a href="/wiki/Fahda_bint_Falah_Al_Hithlain" title="Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain">Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain</a>. After obtaining a law degree from <a href="/wiki/King_Saud_University" title="King Saud University">King Saud University</a>, he became an advisor to his father in 2009. He was appointed deputy crown prince and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)">defense minister</a> after his father became king in 2015, then promoted to crown prince in 2017. Mohammed succeeded his father as prime minister in 2022. Mohammed leads an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian government">authoritarian government</a>. Those regarded as <a href="/wiki/Political_dissidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Political dissidents">political dissidents</a> are systematically repressed through methods including imprisonment and torture; citizens face arrest for social media posts that mildly criticise government policies.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> A 2021 report by the United States <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) found that Mohammed had ordered <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">the assassination</a> of journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a>. Between 2017 and 2019, he led the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Saudi_Arabian_purge" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Saudi Arabian purge">purge of competing Saudi political and economic elites</a>, seizing up to US$800 billion in assets and cash and cementing control over Saudi politics. Since his appointment as crown prince in 2017, Mohammed has introduced a series of social and economic reforms; these include curtailing the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Wahhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahhabi">Wahhabi</a> religious establishment by restricting <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)#2016_restriction_of_powers" title="Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)">the powers of the religious police</a> and improving <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Women's rights in Saudi Arabia">women's rights</a>, removing the <a href="/wiki/Women_to_drive_movement" title="Women to drive movement">ban on female drivers</a> in 2018, and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_anti_male-guardianship_campaign#Moves_toward_equality" title="Saudi anti male-guardianship campaign">weakening the male-guardianship system</a> in 2019. His <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030" title="Saudi Vision 2030">Saudi Vision 2030</a> program aims to reduce <a href="/wiki/Saudi_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi economy">Saudi economy</a>'s reliance on oil through investment in other sectors such as technology and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Tourism in Saudi Arabia">tourism</a>, which has contributed to greater diversification of the economy;<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> however, the country remains heavily reliant on oil.<a href="#cite_note-:02-6">[6]</a> Under Mohammed, Saudi Arabia has pursued an "aggressive"<a href="#cite_note-:10-1">[1]</a> foreign policy aimed at increasing the country's regional and international influence and attracting greater foreign investment.<a href="#cite_note-:11-7">[7]</a> The Kingdom has coordinated <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Saudi Arabia">energy policy</a> with Russia, strengthened its <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">relations with China</a>, and expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with emerging economies and regional powers in Africa, South America, and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-:11-7">[7]</a> Mohammed was the architect of the <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a> and was involved in the escalation of the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations#August_2018_diplomatic_dispute" title="Canada–Saudi Arabia relations">2018 diplomatic dispute with Canada</a>. Amid the Israel-Hamas war, according to reporting by <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, Mohammed reportedly told U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken in January 2024 that he was still open to Saudi normalization with Israel, adding, "Do I care personally about the Palestinian issue? I don’t, but my people do."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education_and_career">Early life, education and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education and career">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed bin Salman was born on 31 August 1985<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz">Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz</a> and his third spouse,<a href="#cite_note-ddk-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fahda_bint_Falah_Al_Hithlain" title="Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain">Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain</a>. He is the eldest of his mother's six children and the eighth child and seventh son of his father.<a href="#cite_note-ddk-13">[13]</a> His full siblings include <a href="/wiki/Turki_bin_Salman_Al_Saud" title="Turki bin Salman Al Saud">Prince Turki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Salman_Al_Saud" title="Khalid bin Salman Al Saud">Defense Minister Prince Khalid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Mohammed holds a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in law from <a href="/wiki/King_Saud_University" title="King Saud University">King Saud University</a>, where he graduated second in his class.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</div> After graduating from university, Mohammed spent several years in the private sector before becoming an aide to his father. He worked as a consultant for the Experts Commission, working for the Saudi Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> On 15 December 2009, at the age of 24, he entered politics as a special advisor to his father when the latter was the governor of <a href="/wiki/Riyadh_Province" title="Riyadh Province">Riyadh Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> At this time Mohammed began to move from one position to another, such as secretary-general of the Riyadh Competitive Council, special advisor to the chairman of the board for the King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives, and a member of the board of trustees for Albir Society in the Riyadh region.<a href="#cite_note-misk-18">[18]</a> In October 2011, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Sultan_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz">Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz</a> died. Prince Salman began his ascent to power by becoming second deputy prime minister and minister of defence. He made Mohammed his private advisor.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chief_of_the_Court">Chief of the Court</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chief of the Court">edit</a>]</div> In June 2012, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Nayef_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz">Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz</a> died. Mohammed moved up into the number two position in the hierarchy, as his father became the new crown prince and first deputy prime minister. On 2 March 2013, Chief of the Crown Prince Court <a href="/wiki/Saud_bin_Nayef_Al_Saud" title="Saud bin Nayef Al Saud">Saud bin Nayef Al Saud</a> was appointed governor of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia">Eastern Province</a>, and Mohammed succeeded him as chief of the court. He was also given the rank of minister.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> On 25 April 2014, Mohammed was appointed state minister.<a href="#cite_note-misk-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_to_power">Rise to power</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rise to power">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Defence">Minister of Defence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Defence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_%289%29.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_%289%29.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_%289%29.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama%27s_trip_to_Saudi_Arabia_April_2016_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>With King Salman, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and other leaders at the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a> summit in Saudi Arabia, 21 April 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_and_Saudi_Deputy_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_and_Foreign_Minister_al-Jubeir_Prepare_for_Their_Meeting_Followed_by_an_Iftar_Dinner_in_Washington_(27633866176).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Secretary_Kerry_and_Saudi_Deputy_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_and_Foreign_Minister_al-Jubeir_Prepare_for_Their_Meeting_Followed_by_an_Iftar_Dinner_in_Washington_%2827633866176%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Secretary_Kerry_and_Saudi_Deputy_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_and_Foreign_Minister_al-Jubeir_Prepare_for_Their_Meeting_Followed_by_an_Iftar_Dinner_in_Washington_%2827633866176%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Secretary_Kerry_and_Saudi_Deputy_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_and_Foreign_Minister_al-Jubeir_Prepare_for_Their_Meeting_Followed_by_an_Iftar_Dinner_in_Washington_%2827633866176%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4168" data-file-height="2774" /></a><figcaption>With US secretary of state <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (left) and Saudi foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Adel_al-Jubeir" title="Adel al-Jubeir">Adel al-Jubeir</a>, 13 June 2016</figcaption></figure> On 23 January 2015, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah</a> died and Salman ascended the throne. Mohammed was appointed minister of defence<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and secretary general of the royal court.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In addition, he retained his post as the minister of state.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">political unrest in Yemen</a> (which began escalating in 2011) rapidly became a major issue for the newly appointed minister of defence, with <a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthis taking control of northern Yemen</a> in late 2014, followed by the resignation of President <a href="/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" title="Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi</a> and his cabinet. Mohammed's first move as minister was to mobilise a <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">pan-GCC</a> coalition to intervene following a <a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">series of suicide bombings</a> in the Yemeni capital <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a> via air strikes against <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a>, and impose a <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen" title="Blockade of Yemen">naval blockade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In March 2015, Saudi Arabia began leading a coalition of countries allied against the Houthi rebels.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> While there was agreement among those Saudi princes heading security services regarding the necessity of a response to the Houthis' seizure of <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sana'a</a>, which had forced the Yemeni government into exile, Mohammed launched the intervention without full coordination across security services. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi National Guard">Saudi National Guard</a> minister <a href="/wiki/Mutaib_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud" title="Mutaib bin Abdullah Al Saud">Mutaib bin Abdullah Al Saud</a>, who was out of the country, was left out of the loop of operations.<a href="#cite_note-NYToct16-29">[29]</a> While Mohammed sold the war as a quick win on Houthi rebels in Yemen and a way to put President Hadi back in power, however, it became a long <a href="/wiki/War_of_attrition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of attrition">war of attrition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In April 2015, King Salman appointed his nephew <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef" title="Muhammad bin Nayef">Muhammad bin Nayef</a> as crown prince and his son Mohammed as deputy crown prince.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In late 2015, at a meeting between his father and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, Mohammed bin Salman broke protocol to deliver a monologue criticising <a href="/wiki/US_foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="US foreign policy">US foreign policy</a>. When he announced an anti-terrorist military alliance of Islamic countries in December 2015, some countries involved said they had not been consulted.<a href="#cite_note-NYToct16-29">[29]</a> Regarding his role in the military intervention, Mohammed gave his first on-the-record interview on 4 January 2016 to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, which had called him the "architect of the war in Yemen". Denying the title, he explained the mechanism of the decision-making institutions actually holding stakes in the intervention, including the council of security and political affairs and the ministry of foreign affairs from the Saudi side. He added that the <a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthis usurped power in Sana'a</a> before he was minister of defence.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-arrogantsaudi-33">[33]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20160901kaidan01_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/20160901kaidan01_2.jpg/182px-20160901kaidan01_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/20160901kaidan01_2.jpg/273px-20160901kaidan01_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/20160901kaidan01_2.jpg/364px-20160901kaidan01_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="518" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Shaking hands with Japanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> at their meeting in Tokyo, 1 September 2016</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud,_March_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud%2C_March_2017.jpg/202px-Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud%2C_March_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud%2C_March_2017.jpg/303px-Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud%2C_March_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud%2C_March_2017.jpg/404px-Donald_Trump_meets_with_Mohammed_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud%2C_March_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Speaking with <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in Washington, DC, 14 March 2017</div></div></div></div></div> In response to the threat from <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a>, Mohammed established the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition</a> (IMCTC), a Saudi-led Islamic alliance against terrorism, in December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The IMCTC's first meeting took place in Riyadh in November 2017 and involved defence ministers and officials from 41 countries.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_prince">Crown prince</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crown prince">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed was appointed crown prince on 21 June 2017, following the King's decision to depose Muhammad bin Nayef and make his own son the heir to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The change of succession had been predicted in December 2015 by an unusually blunt and public memo published by the German <a href="/wiki/Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Federal Intelligence Service">Federal Intelligence Service</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> which was subsequently rebuked by the German government.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rebukes-39">[39]</a> On the day Mohammed bin Salman became crown prince <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, the then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, called him to "congratulate him on his recent elevation". Trump and Mohammed pledged "close cooperation" on security and economic issues, according to the White House, and the two leaders also discussed the need to cut off support for terrorism, the recent diplomatic dispute with Qatar, and the push to secure peace between Israel and the Palestinians. <a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Mohammed told <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> in April 2017 that without America's cultural influence on Saudi Arabia, "we would have ended up like North Korea."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In April 2022, Prince Mohammed met with newly elected Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif at the al-Salam palace.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_purge">2017 purge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2017 purge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_Saudi_Arabian_purge" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Saudi Arabian purge">2017 Saudi Arabian purge</a></div> In May 2017, Mohammed launched a purge against competing Saudi business and political elites under the auspices of anti-corruption. He said, "no one will survive in a corruption case—whoever he is, even if he's a prince or a minister".<a href="#cite_note-auto1-43">[43]</a> In November 2017, he ordered some 200 wealthy businessmen and princes to be placed under house arrest in <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz-Carlton,_Riyadh" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ritz-Carlton, Riyadh">The Ritz-Carlton, Riyadh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44">[44]</a> On 4 November 2017, the Saudi press announced the arrest of the Saudi prince and billionaire <a href="/wiki/Al-Waleed_bin_Talal" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Waleed bin Talal">Al-Waleed bin Talal</a>, a frequent English-language news commentator and a major shareholder in <a href="/wiki/Citi" class="mw-redirect" title="Citi">Citi</a>, <a href="/wiki/News_Corp" title="News Corp">News Corp</a> and Twitter, as well as over 40 princes and government ministers at the behest of the Crown Prince on corruption and <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> charges.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_Sabah_2-45">[45]</a> Others arrested or fired in the purge included Prince Mutaib bin Abdullah, head of the Saudi Arabian National Guard; Minister of Economy and Planning <a href="/wiki/Adel_Fakeih" title="Adel Fakeih">Adel Fakeih</a>; and the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Navy" title="Royal Saudi Navy">Royal Saudi Navy</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Sultan_bin_Mohammed_Al-Sultan" title="Abdullah bin Sultan bin Mohammed Al-Sultan">Abdullah bin Sultan bin Mohammed Al-Sultan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_Sabah_2-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-46">[46]</a> Those arrested in the Ritz Carlton were the subject of what became called "the night of beating".<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> Most were beaten, and some were tied to walls in stress positions as part of torture by Saudi agents.<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> The interrogators knew very little outside of the victims' assets within Saudi Arabia and wanted to know more about their off-shore holdings, while the victims did not know why they were detained.<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> The detainees were threatened with blackmail.<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> At one point, the interrogators told the victims to contact their bank managers in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and elsewhere and ask for large sums of money, and were surprised due to their inexpertise that the assets were not entirely in cash.<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> Swiss banks identified some of the transactions as under <a href="/wiki/Duress" class="mw-redirect" title="Duress">duress</a> and were able to stop some of them.<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> During the proceedings, there was no <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Plea_bargain" title="Plea bargain">plea bargains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[47]</a> US officials described the actions as "coercion, abuse, and torture".<a href="#cite_note-:6-48">[48]</a> Detainees were denied sleep, had their heads covered, and were beaten.<a href="#cite_note-:6-48">[48]</a> Seventeen had to be hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-:6-48">[48]</a> After many days, the remaining detainees were moved to <a href="/wiki/Al-Ha%27ir_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ha'ir Prison">Al-Ha'ir Prison</a>, while some released are banned from travelling abroad.<a href="#cite_note-:6-48">[48]</a> The purge helped centralize political powers in the hands of Saudi ruler Mohammed bin Salman and undermine the pre-existing structure of <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">consensus-based governance</a> among Saudi elites.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:22-50">[50]</a> The arrests resulted in the final sidelining of the faction of King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah</a>, and Mohammed bin Salman's complete consolidation of control of all three branches of the security forces.<a href="#cite_note-eco-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-ec1-52">[52]</a> It also cemented bin Salman's supremacy over business elites in Saudi Arabia and resulted in a mass seizure of assets by the bin Salman regime.<a href="#cite_note-:22-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The sweeping campaign of arrests appears to be the latest move to consolidate the power of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the favorite son and top adviser of King Salman. The king had decreed the creation of a powerful new anticorruption committee, headed by the crown prince, only hours before the committee ordered the arrests.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-46">[46]</a></blockquote> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> professor of Islam and Global Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Muqtedar_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqtedar Khan">Muqtedar Khan</a>, speculated as to whether the removal of Al-Waleed bin Talal, a critic of Donald Trump, amounted to a coup.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> BBC correspondent <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gardner_(journalist)" title="Frank Gardner (journalist)">Frank Gardner</a> was quoted as saying that "Prince Mohammed is moving to consolidate his growing power while spearheading a reform programme". Yet "[i]t is not clear what those detained are suspected of."<a href="#cite_note-BBC-54">[54]</a> Another hypothesis was that the purge was part of a move towards reform. Steven Mufson of The Washington Post argues that Mohammed "knows that only if he can place the royal family under the law, and not above as it was in the past, can he ask the whole country to change their attitudes relative to taxes [and] subsidies."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> An analysis from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> claimed that "the clampdown against corruption resonates with ordinary Saudis who feel that the state has been asking them to accept belt tightening while, at the same time, they see corruption and the power elite accumulating more wealth".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Mohammed's reform agenda is widely supported by Saudi Arabia's burgeoning youth population, but faces resistance from some of the old guard more comfortable with the kingdom's traditions of incremental change and rule by consensus.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> According to a former British ambassador to Riyadh, Mohammed "is the first prince in modern Saudi history whose constituency has not been within the royal family, it's outside it. It's been young Saudis, particularly younger Saudi men in the street".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Jordan" title="Robert W. Jordan">Robert W. Jordan</a>, former US ambassador to Saudi Arabia, said that "certainly Saudi Arabia has had a corruption problem for many years. I think the population, especially, has been very unhappy with princes coming in and grabbing business deals, with public funds going to flood control projects that never seem to get built... I would also say it's a classical power grab move sometimes to arrest your rivals, your potential rivals under the pretext of corruption".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Trump expressed support for the move and confidence in the Saudi Arabian leaders, tweeting "Some of those they are harshly treating have been 'milking' their country for years!"<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> French president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, who visited Riyadh days after the purge, when asked about the purge stated "this is not the role of a president, and similarly I would not expect a leader of a foreign country to come and infringe on domestic matters."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On 30 January 2019, the Saudi government announced the conclusion of the Anti-Corruption Committee's work.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> As many as 500 people were rounded up in the sweep.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Saudi Arabian banks froze more than 2,000 domestic accounts as part of the crackdown.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, the Saudi government targeted cash and assets worth up to $800 billion.<a href="#cite_note-ec-66">[66]</a> The Saudi authorities claimed that amount was composed of assets worth around $300 billion to $400 billion that they can prove was linked to corruption.<a href="#cite_note-:12-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-:32-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister">Prime Minister</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prime Minister">edit</a>]</div> On 27 September 2022, Mohammed was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia</a> by King Salman. Traditionally, the king has held the title of prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology">Ideology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ideology">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed's ideology has been described as <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> with a conservative attitude towards politics, and a liberal stance on economic and social issues.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winkler_authoritarian-75">[75]</a> It has been heavily influenced by the views of his former adviser <a href="/wiki/Saud_al-Qahtani" title="Saud al-Qahtani">Saud al-Qahtani</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> and the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Zayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed bin Zayed">Mohammed bin Zayed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Politico-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newyorker-79">[79]</a> His style of ruling has been described as extremely brutal by journalist <a href="/wiki/Rula_Jebreal" title="Rula Jebreal">Rula Jebreal</a> and authoritarian by <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a><a href="#cite_note-RulaJebreal_Khashoggi_MBS-80">[80]</a> and Theodor Winkler.<a href="#cite_note-Winkler_authoritarian-75">[75]</a> Mohammed bin Salman has also been championing an <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab nationalist">Arab nationalist</a> ideology domestically and through foreign policy; with a focus on opposing <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> movements.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Authoritarianism">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed heads a repressive authoritarian government in Saudi Arabia. Human rights activists and women's rights activists in Saudi Arabia have faced abuse and torture by the regime.<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[82]</a> Critics, journalists and former insiders are tortured and killed.<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-83">[83]</a> The government has targeted Saudi dissidents who are located abroad. Jamal Khashoggi, a columnist of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, was murdered by the regime.<a href="#cite_note-:2-83">[83]</a> Mohammed has justified the mass arrests of human rights activists as being as necessary for enacting reforms in Saudi Arabia and for establishing a state based on <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chulov-85">[85]</a> Mohammed has increasingly consolidated power in Saudi Arabia during his tenure as leader.<a href="#cite_note-:3-84">[84]</a> He significantly restricted the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_religious_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi religious police">Saudi religious police</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYToct16-29">[29]</a> On 29 January 2015, Mohammed was named the chair of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_and_Development_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Council of Economic and Development Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Council for Economic and Development Affairs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kerr-86">[86]</a> replacing the disbanded <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Economic_Council_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Supreme Economic Council of Saudi Arabia">Supreme Economic Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kerr-86">[86]</a> In April 2015, Mohammed was given control over <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a> by royal decree following his appointment as deputy crown prince.<a href="#cite_note-businessweek-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_policies">Domestic policies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Domestic policies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_policy">Religious policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religious policy">edit</a>]</div> According to David Ottaway of the <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilson Center">Wilson Center</a>, "[o]f all [Mohammed's] domestic reforms," the most "consequential" has been his work limiting the influence of Saudi Wahhabi clergy, "who still command millions of followers in the country and beyond".<a href="#cite_note-Ottaway-wilson-2021-88">[88]</a> Mohammed's inviting of "a constant stream of Western male and female singers, bands, dancers and even American female wrestlers" to perform in Saudi Arabia is in complete conflict with religious conservatives who have spoken "against the opening up of the kingdom to <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secular</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Ottaway-wilson-2021-88">[88]</a> Under Mohammed, the Saudi government has promoted a new Saudi identity and nationalist history that downplays religious heritage and restricts Islamic influence in the cultural sphere.<a href="#cite_note-Holleis-89">[89]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Wood_(journalist)" title="Graeme Wood (journalist)">Graeme Wood</a> writes, "it is hard to exaggerate how drastically this sidelining of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a> will change Saudi Arabia."<a href="#cite_note-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022-90">[90]</a> Gabriella Perez argues that the new social changes implemented by MBS are oriented towards secularist repression, with the potential to adversely impact <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In a 2018 interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg" title="Jeffrey Goldberg">Jeffrey Goldberg</a>, Mohammed stated regarding his basic approach to religion in Saudi Arabian society: <blockquote>"We believe we have, in Saudi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiite">Shiite</a>. We believe we have within Sunni Islam four schools of thought, and we have the <a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">ulema</a> [the religious authorities] and the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Committee_for_Scholarly_Research_and_Ifta" title="Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta">Board of Fatwas</a> [which issues religious rulings]... our laws are coming from <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, but we have the four <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools</a>—<a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shafi%E2%80%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi’i">Shafi’i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a>—and they argue about interpretation. And you will find a Shiite in the cabinet, you will find Shiites in government, the most important university in Saudi Arabia is headed by a Shiite. So we believe that we are a mix of Muslim schools and sects."<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restrictions_on_religious_police">Restrictions on religious police</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Restrictions on religious police">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, Mohammed took steps to drastically curtail the powers of the "<a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)">Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a>" (CPVPV), or Islamic religious police.<a href="#cite_note-arabnews2-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The "feared" CPVPV, which had thousands of officers on the streets and powers to arrest, detain, and interrogate those suspected of violating sharia, was banned "from pursuing, questioning, asking for identification, arresting and detaining anyone suspected of a crime".<a href="#cite_note-BASHRAHEEL-22-9-20192-95">[95]</a> The cinema industry was reinstated, social liberties were expanded, gender mixing and <a href="/wiki/Dating" title="Dating">dating</a> have been normalised by the state in the public sphere. Schmidt-Feuerheerd argues that the new state policies are also accompanied by an increasing clampdown on political and religious activities independent of the government.<a href="#cite_note-Holleis-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Changes_to_legal_system">Changes to legal system</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Changes to legal system">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed has stated that "in Islamic law, the head of the Islamic establishment is wali al-amr<a href="#cite_note-Brown-20193-96">[96]</a> (Arabic: وَلِيّ الأمر ), the ruler.<a href="#cite_note-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022-90">[90]</a> While Saudi rulers "have historically stayed away from religion", and "outsourced" issues of theology and religious law to "the big beards", traditionally conservative and orthodox religious scholars, Mohammed has "a law degree from King Saud University" and "flaunts his knowledge and dominance over the clerics", according to Graeme Wood. He is "probably the only leader in the Arab world who knows anything about Islamic epistemology and jurisprudence", according to American historian Professor <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haykel" title="Bernard Haykel">Bernard Haykel</a>. In an interview televised in Saudi Arabia on 25 April 2021, Mohammed criticised the devotion of Saudi religious leaders to <a href="/wiki/Wahhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahhabi">Wahhabi</a> doctrines "in language never before used by a Saudi monarch", saying "there are no fixed schools of thought and there is no infallible person", and that <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwas</a> "should be based on the time, place and mindset in which they are issued", rather than regarded as immutable.<a href="#cite_note-Ottaway-wilson-2021-88">[88]</a> In interviews with Wood, Mohammed<blockquote>explained that <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a> is based on two textual sources: the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a>, or the example of the Prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, gathered in many tens of thousands of fragments from the Prophet's life and sayings. Certain rules—not many—come from the unambiguous legislative content of the Quran, he said, and he cannot do anything about them even if he wants to. But those sayings of the Prophet (called <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>), he explained, do not all have equal value as sources of law, and he said he is bound by only a very small number whose reliability, 1,400 years later, is unimpeachable. Every other source of Islamic law, he said, is open to interpretation—and he is therefore entitled to interpret them as he sees fit. The effect of this maneuver is to chuck about 95 percent of Islamic law into the sandpit of Saudi history and leave MBS free to do whatever he wants. "He's short-circuiting the tradition," <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haykel" title="Bernard Haykel">Haykel</a> said. ".. That leaves him to determine what is in the interest of the Muslim community. If that means opening movie theaters, allowing tourists, or women on the beaches on the Red Sea, then so be it.”</blockquote> As of early 2021, Mohammed has "ordered a codification of Saudi laws that would end the power of individual Wahhabi judges to implement" their own interpretation of Sharia.<a href="#cite_note-Ottaway-wilson-2021-88">[88]</a> According to Wood, many conservative clerics strongly appear to have succumbed to "good old-fashioned intimidation" by the government to reverse their religious positions and supporting the government line on issues such as "the opening of cinemas and mass layoffs of Wahhabi imams".<a href="#cite_note-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abaya_ban">Abaya ban</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Abaya ban">edit</a>]</div> In December 2022, Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Education_and_Training_Evaluation_Commission" title="Education and Training Evaluation Commission">Education and Training Evaluation Commission</a> (ETEC) declared a governmental ban on Muslim female students from wearing the traditional <a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">abaya</a> clothing to examination centres; insisting that students should wear only school uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> A later clarification from ETEC reported by The Milli Chronicle stated that the ban on abayas was restricted only for all-female examination centres run by the ETEC.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economic policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vision_2030">Vision 2030</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vision 2030">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030" title="Saudi Vision 2030">Saudi Vision 2030</a></div> Mohammed took the leadership in the restructuring of <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia's economy</a>, which he officially announced in April 2016 when he introduced Vision 2030, the country's strategic orientation for the next 15 years. Vision 2030 plans to reform Saudi Arabia's economy towards a more diversified and <a href="/wiki/Privatised" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatised">privatised</a> structure. It details goals and measures in various fields, from developing non-oil revenues and privatisation of the economy to e-government and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Black-101">[101]</a> One of the major motives behind this economic restructure through Vision 2030 can be traced back to Saudi Arabia's reliance on a rentier economy, as a limit on oil resources makes its sustainability a problem in the future. While the country claims to own a proven reserve of 266.58 billion barrels of crude oil, the energy analyst Matthew R. Simmons estimates the true number to be far less, as the last non-Saudi report by the <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> in 1978 only mentioned 110 billion barrels.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> At the inaugural Future Investment Initiative conference in Riyadh in October 2017, Mohammed announced plans for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Neom" title="Neom">Neom</a>, a $500 billion economic zone to cover an area of 26,000 square kilometres on Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> coast, extending into Jordan and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Neom aims to attract investment in sectors including <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_agriculture_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Genetically modified agriculture (disambiguation)">genetically modified agriculture</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Neom-food-104">[104]</a> robotics and advanced manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The announcement followed plans to develop a 34,000 square kilometre area across a lagoon of 50 islands on Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Sea Project">Red Sea</a> coastline into a luxury tourism destination with laws on a par with international standards.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In a further effort to boost the tourism industry, in November 2017 it was announced that Saudi Arabia would start issuing tourist visas for foreigners, beginning in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Mohammed's biggest bet was his plan to restore Saudi <a href="/wiki/Saudi_oil_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi oil industry">dominance</a> in global oil markets by driving the new competition into bankruptcy, by keeping the oil price low enough for a long enough period. Saudi Arabia persuaded OPEC to do the same. A few small players went bankrupt, but <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United States">American frackers</a> only shut down their less-profitable operations temporarily, and waited for oil prices to go up again. Saudi Arabia, which had been spending $100 billion a year to keep services and subsidies going, had to admit defeat in November 2016. It then cut production significantly and asked its OPEC partners to do the same. In the last week of September 2018, Mohammed inaugurated the much-awaited $6.7bn <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed railway</a> line connecting <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, the two holiest cities of Islam. The <a href="/wiki/Haramain_High_Speed_Railway" title="Haramain High Speed Railway">Haramain Express</a> is 450 km line travelling up to 300 km/h that can transport around 60 million passengers annually. The commercial operations of the railway began on 11 October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg/220px-2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg/330px-2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg/440px-2019_Bilateral_Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>With Brazilian president <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> (left, seated) at the <a href="/wiki/2019_G20_Osaka_summit" title="2019 G20 Osaka summit">2019 G20 Osaka summit</a></figcaption></figure> In October 2018, Mohammed announced that the <a href="/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia">Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia</a>'s assets were approaching $400 billion and would pass $600 billion by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Mohammed announced a project to build Saudi Arabia's first nuclear reactor in November 2018. The kingdom aims to build 16 nuclear facilities over the next 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Efforts to diversify the Saudi energy sector also include wind and solar, including a 1.8 gigawatt solar plant announced in the same month as part of a long-term project in partnership with <a href="/wiki/SoftBank" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saudi_petroleum_industry">Saudi petroleum industry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Saudi petroleum industry">edit</a>]</div> Saudi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>'s largest producer, has the second-largest amount of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves" title="List of countries by proven oil reserves">oil reserves</a> in the world. On 28 September 2021, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s national security adviser, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a>, met with Mohammed in Saudi Arabia to discuss the high <a href="/wiki/Oil_prices" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil prices">oil prices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In October 2022 in protest of Saudi Arabia cutting oil production, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">US National Security Council</a> spokesman <a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_(admiral)" title="John Kirby (admiral)">John Kirby</a> said Saudi Arabia knew the cut would "increase Russian revenues and blunt the effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctions</a>" and accused Saudi Arabia of "coercing" other oil producing countries to agree.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 global energy crisis">record-high energy prices</a> were driven by a global surge in demand as the world quit the economic recession caused by COVID-19, particularly due to strong energy demand in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">relations between Russia and Saudi Arabia</a> evolved under Mohammed, granting the two nations the ability to coordinate in oil export decisions.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sport_sector">Sport sector</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sport sector">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed has presided over unprecedented spending on sport since becoming Saudi Arabia's de facto ruler in 2017. He has also been assiduous in striking deals to bring top sports events to Saudi, including the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Club_World_Cup" title="FIFA Club World Cup">FIFA Club World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/2034_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2034 FIFA World Cup">2034</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a> in 2029. In 2023, Mohammed said this approach is central to the country's goal of becoming one of the world's top 10 tourist destinations, stating: "When you want to diversify an economy you have to work in all sectors: mining, infrastructure, manufacturing, transportation, logistics all this… Part of it is tourism and if you want to develop tourism part of it is culture, part of it is your sport sector, because you need to create a calendar."<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_reforms">Domestic reforms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Domestic reforms">edit</a>]</div> Mohammed established an entertainment authority that began hosting comedy shows, professional wrestling events, and monster truck rallies.<a href="#cite_note-NYToct16-29">[29]</a> In 2016, he shared his idea for "<a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">Green cards</a>" for non-Saudi foreigners with <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Turki_Aldakhil" title="Turki Aldakhil">Turki Aldakhil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In 2019 the Saudi cabinet approved a new residency scheme (<a href="/wiki/Premium_Residency" title="Premium Residency">Premium Residency</a>) for foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The scheme will enable expatriates to permanently reside, own property and invest in the Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The first measures undertaken in April 2016 included new taxes and cuts in subsidies, a diversification plan, the creation of a $2 trillion Saudi <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a>, and a series of strategic economic reforms called the National Transformation Programme.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Mohammed's plans to raise capital for the sovereign wealth fund included selling off shares of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a>, the state-owned petroleum and natural gas company,<a href="#cite_note-businessweek-87">[87]</a> with the capital to be re-invested in other sectors such as to implement the diversification plans.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In October 2017, the plan for Aramco's IPO listing was criticised by The Economist, which called it "a mess".<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-128">[128]</a> Mohammed slashed the state budget, freezing government contracts and reducing the pay of civil employees as part of drastic austerity measures.<a href="#cite_note-rattlessaudiarabia-129">[129]</a> In April 2017, Mohammed announced a project to build one of the world's largest cultural, sports and entertainment cities in <a href="/wiki/Qiddiya" title="Qiddiya">Qiddiya</a>, southwest of <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>. The plans for a 334-square kilometre city include a safari and a <a href="/wiki/Six_Flags" title="Six Flags">Six Flags</a> theme park.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:22-_Public_Square_(My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/22-_Public_Square_%28My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32%29.jpg/220px-22-_Public_Square_%28My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/22-_Public_Square_%28My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32%29.jpg/330px-22-_Public_Square_%28My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/22-_Public_Square_%28My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32%29.jpg/440px-22-_Public_Square_%28My_Trip_To_Al-Jenadriyah_32%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Portraits of King Salman and Prince Mohammed at the <a href="/wiki/Jenadriyah" title="Jenadriyah">Jenadriyah</a> festival</figcaption></figure> In October 2017, Mohammed said that the ultra-conservative Saudi state had not been "normal" for the past 30 years, blaming rigid doctrines that had governed society in a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>, which successive leaders "didn't know how to deal with".<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> He stated that he aimed to have Saudi Arabia start "returning to what we were before—a country of moderate Islam that is open to all religions and to the world".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> This amounted to telling the country's clerics that the deal the royal family struck with them after the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a> was to be renegotiated.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Building an industrial culture was seen as incompatible with <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a>. The Wahhabis were committed to fixed social and gender relationships. These were consistent with an economy built on oil sales, but industrialization requires a dynamic culture with social relations constantly shifting.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The regime's commitment to "moderate Islam" and secularization drive through repressive methods has been questioned.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Further cultural transformations followed in December 2017 with Saudi Arabia's first public concert by a female singer, and in January 2018 a sports stadium in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> became the first in the Kingdom to admit women.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In April 2018, the first public cinema opened in Saudi Arabia after a ban of 35 years, with plans to have more than 2,000 screens running by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In an interview with a <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> that aired on 29 September 2019, Mohammed invited people to visit the kingdom to see the transformation, asking for people to meet Saudi citizens for themselves.<a href="#cite_note-cbsnews.com-140">[140]</a> On 26 April 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Saudi Arabia">Supreme Judicial Council of Saudi Arabia</a> abolished <a href="/wiki/Flogging" class="mw-redirect" title="Flogging">flogging</a> as a punishment in the country, stating that the decision was "an extension of the human rights reforms introduced under the direction of King Salman and the direct supervision of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman".<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The following day, the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Human Rights Commission (Saudi Arabia)">Human Rights Commission of Saudi Arabia</a> reported the enactment of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal decree">royal decree</a> abolishing the death penalty for crimes committed by minors.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Human rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Human rights in Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Saudi_crackdown_on_feminists" title="2018–2019 Saudi crackdown on feminists">2018–2019 Saudi crackdown on feminists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution</a></div> Early in his leadership tenure, Mohammed sought to cultivate an image of Saudi Arabia as implementing various reforms. Human rights groups say that repression has worsened under his tenure.<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-84">[84]</a> According to human rights groups, arrests of human rights activists have risen under Mohammed.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> He has reportedly created the <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Squad" title="Tiger Squad">Tiger Squad</a>, a team of assassins that act as a <a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">death squad</a>, to target Saudi critics inside and outside Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-middleeasteye/22oct2018-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-middleeasteye/22oct2018-1-145">[145]</a> Among those detained in a wave of arrests in September 2017 were <a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_al-Shubaily" title="Abdulaziz al-Shubaily">Abdulaziz al-Shubaily</a>, a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Civil_and_Political_Rights_Association" title="Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association">Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association</a> (ACPRA); <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa al-Hassan">Mustafa al-Hassan</a>, an academic and novelist; and Essam al-Zamel, an entrepreneur.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Ahead of the lifting of the ban on women driving in June 2018, 17 women's rights activists were arrested, including the <a href="/wiki/Women_to_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Women to drive">women to drive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_anti_male-guardianship_campaign" title="Saudi anti male-guardianship campaign">anti-male guardianship</a> campaigner <a href="/wiki/Loujain_al-Hathloul" title="Loujain al-Hathloul">Loujain al-Hathloul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indep_May2018_total13-149">[149]</a> Eight of the 17 were subsequently released.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hatoon_al-Fassi" title="Hatoon al-Fassi">Hatoon al-Fassi</a>, an associate professor of women's history at King Saud University,<a href="#cite_note-alFassi_KSU_homepage-151">[151]</a> was arrested shortly afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJE_alFassi_arrest2018-153">[153]</a> In August that year, the human rights activist <a href="/wiki/Israa_al-Ghomgham" title="Israa al-Ghomgham">Israa al-Ghomgham</a> and her husband, both arrested in 2015, were put under legal threat of beheading.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> warned that the al-Ghomgham case set a "dangerous precedent" for other women activists currently detained.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-155">[155]</a> HRW's Middle East director <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Leah_Whitson" title="Sarah Leah Whitson">Sarah Leah Whitson</a> said, "Any execution is appalling, but seeking the death penalty for activists like Israa al-Ghomgham, who are not even accused of violent behaviour, is monstrous. Every day, the Saudi monarchy's unrestrained despotism makes it harder for its public relations teams to spin the fairy tale of 'reform' to allies and international business."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRW_deathpenalty-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_deathpen-157">[157]</a> On 23 April 2019, 37 people, mostly <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> human rights activists involved in the <a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Saudi_Arabia_mass_execution" title="2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution">were executed</a> in one of the largest mass executions of the minority sect in the kingdom's history.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In August 2019, Loujain al-Hathloul's brother Walid informed that his sister was offered release on denying the human rights abuses committed against her in Saudi prison. Walid wrote on Twitter that the Saudi state security laid a proposal for Loujain to sign a document and appear on camera to deny that she had been tortured and sexually harassed in jail. He stated that Loujain mentioned to the family that she had been whipped, beaten, electrocuted in a chair, and harassed by masked men, who would wake her up in the middle of the night to shout threats at her in cell. Walid also tweeted that Loujain refused the offer proposed by Saudi authorities and "immediately ripped the document".<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In response to foreign criticism and women's rights activism, Mohammed has implemented modest reforms to improve women's rights in Saudi Arabia. In September 2017, he implemented the women to drive movement's multi-decade demand to lift the ban on female drivers.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> He legislated against some elements of Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Wali_(Islamic_legal_guardian)" title="Wali (Islamic legal guardian)">Wali</a> system, also a topic of a decades-long campaign by women's rights activists.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In response to the Saudi anti male-guardianship campaign,<a href="#cite_note-alRasheed_second_victory-162">[162]</a> the Saudi government enacted a law that allows women above 21 years old to obtain passports and travel abroad without needing the permission of their male guardians.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In February 2018, it became legally possible for Saudi women to open their own business without a male's permission.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> According to the Saudi Information Ministry, as of March 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit">[update]</a>, mothers in Saudi Arabia became authorised to retain immediate custody of their children after divorce without having to file any lawsuits.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In February 2017, Saudi Arabia appointed its first woman to head the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Stock Exchange">Saudi Stock Exchange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arrest_of_Muhammad_bin_Nayef">Arrest of Muhammad bin Nayef</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Arrest of Muhammad bin Nayef">edit</a>]</div> Muhammad bin Nayef was arrested on 6 March 2020, along with his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Nawwaf_bin_Nayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawwaf bin Nayef">Nawwaf bin Nayef</a> and King Salman's brother <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed bin Abdulaziz">Ahmed bin Abdulaziz</a>. The three princes were charged with treason. The Saudi government claimed the princes were trying to overthrow Mohammed bin Salman.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accusations_of_poisoning_attempt_against_King_Abdullah">Accusations of poisoning attempt against King Abdullah</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Accusations of poisoning attempt against King Abdullah">edit</a>]</div> In 2021, the former <a href="/wiki/Saudi_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi intelligence">Saudi intelligence</a> official <a href="/wiki/Saad_al-Jabri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saad al-Jabri">Saad al-Jabri</a> said in an interview with CBS that Mohammed bin Salman mentioned to Interior Minister Muhammad bin Nayef Al Saud plans to kill King Abdullah in 2014. This would allow Mohammed's father to take the throne. Al-Jabri has called Mohammed "a psychopath, killer ... with infinite resources, who poses threat to his people, to the Americans and to the planet".<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Mohammed has rejected all allegations; the Saudi embassy called al-Jabri "a discredited former government official with a long history of [fabrication]".<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interventions_in_Syria_and_Yemen">Interventions in Syria and Yemen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Interventions in Syria and Yemen">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Famine in Yemen (2016–present)">Famine in Yemen (2016–present)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">Human rights violations during the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian Civil War">Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian Civil War</a></div> Some have called Mohammed the architect of the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">war in Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> On 10 January 2016, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> reported that "the BND, the German intelligence agency, portrayed...Saudi defence minister and Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman...as a political gambler who is destabilising the Arab world through <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">proxy wars in Yemen and Syria</a>."<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-arrogantsaudi-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Westernleaders-175">[175]</a> German officials reacted to the BND's memo, saying the published statement "is not the position of the federal government".<a href="#cite_note-NYT_rebukes-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg/220px-Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg/330px-Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg/440px-Bin_Salman_-_the_Butcher_of_Yemen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3550" data-file-height="2380" /></a><figcaption>Protest in London against Mohammed's state visit to the United Kingdom, 7 March 2018</figcaption></figure> Mohammed leads the <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a> against the Houthi rebels, who in 2015 seized Sana'a and ousted the Saudi-backed Hadi government, ending multilateral efforts towards a political settlement following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Yemeni_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Yemeni uprising">2011 Yemeni uprising</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Coalition airstrikes during the intervention have resulted in thousands of civilians killed or injured,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> prompting accusations of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> in the intervention.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Following a Houthi missile attack against Riyadh in December 2017, which was intercepted by Saudi air defence, airstrikes killed 136 Yemeni civilians and injured 87 others in eleven days.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In August 2018, the United Nations reported that all parties in the conflict were responsible for human rights violations and for actions which could be considered war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The war and <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen" title="Blockade of Yemen">blockade of Yemen</a> has cost Saudi Arabia tens of billions of dollars, further aggravated the <a href="/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Famine in Yemen (2016–present)">humanitarian crisis</a> in the country and destroyed much of Yemen's infrastructure, but failed to dislodge the Shiite Houthi rebels and their allies from the Yemeni capital.<a href="#cite_note-kristof1-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-rattlessaudiarabia-129">[129]</a> More than 50,000 children in Yemen died from <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a> in 2017. From 2015 to May 2019 the number of total deaths of children is said to be approximately 85,000.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> in Yemen is the direct result of the Saudi-led intervention and <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a> of the rebel-held area.<a href="#cite_note-kristof1-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> In October 2018, <a href="/wiki/Lise_Grande" title="Lise Grande">Lise Grande</a>, the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Coordinator" title="Humanitarian Coordinator">Humanitarian Coordinator</a> for Yemen, warned that 12 to 13 million Yemenis were at risk of starvation if the war continued for another three months.<a href="#cite_note-LiseGrande_worldworstfamine100yrs-192">[192]</a> On 28 March 2018, Saudi Arabia, along with its coalition partner the UAE, donated US$930 million to the United Nations which, according to <a href="/wiki/UN_secretary-general" class="mw-redirect" title="UN secretary-general">UN secretary-general</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, "...(will) help to alleviate the suffering of millions of vulnerable people across Yemen". The funds cover almost one-third of the $2.96 billion required to implement the UN's 2018 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Following the Houthi missile attack against Riyadh in December 2017, which was intercepted by Saudi air defence,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Mohammed retaliated with a ten-day barrage of indiscriminate airstrikes against civilian areas in Yemen held by Houthi forces, killing dozens of children.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_(40062275145).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_%2840062275145%29.jpg/220px-Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_%2840062275145%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_%2840062275145%29.jpg/330px-Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_%2840062275145%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_%2840062275145%29.jpg/440px-Mohammad_bin_Salman_with_James_Mattis_in_Washington_-_2018_%2840062275145%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3295" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption>With US defense secretary <a href="/wiki/James_Mattis" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mattis">James Mattis</a> (right), 22 March 2018</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">assassination of Jamal Khashoggi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a> approved a resolution to impose sanctions on people blocking humanitarian access in Yemen and suspend arms sales to Saudi Arabia. Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> said the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">Saudi Arabia–United States relationship</a> "is more of a burden than an asset." He also said, "The crown prince [of Saudi Arabia] is so toxic, so tainted, so flawed."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Andrew Smith, of Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT), said that British foreign secretaries <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a> "have played an utterly central and complicit role in arming and supporting the Saudi-led destruction of Yemen."<a href="#cite_note-inews-197">[197]</a> Hunt's Conservative <a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_(UK)_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Conservative Party (UK) leadership election">leadership campaign</a> was partly funded by a close associate to Mohammed.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-inews-197">[197]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_(53270521280).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_%2853270521280%29.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_%2853270521280%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_%2853270521280%29.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_%2853270521280%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_%2853270521280%29.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister_arrives_in_Saudi_Arabia_%2853270521280%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5772" data-file-height="3848" /></a><figcaption>With British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>, 19 October 2023</figcaption></figure> On 16 August 2020, a lawsuit filed by a former top intelligence official, Saad al-Jabri, revealed that in 2015 Mohammed secretly called for Russia to intervene in Syria at a time when <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>'s regime was close to falling apart. The Saudi monarchy had been supporting <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">anti-Assad rebels</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" title="Ahrar al-Sham">Ahrar al-Sham</a>,<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> while Russian and Syrian forces were bombing rebel-held cities in support of Assad, killing tens of thousands of Syrian civilians in the process. Western diplomats say that Mohammed was strongly influenced by Emirati politician Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (who later became ruler of Abu Dhabi). The <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a> was pushing for the idea of helping Russia stabilise Syria and enabling the Assad regime in the country.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> In 2017 it was reported that Saudi Arabia provided weapons to Syrian opposition groups, fighting against the Assad regime. <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Armament_Research" title="Conflict Armament Research">Conflict Armament Research</a> (CAR) reported that these weapons frequently ended up in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In 2018, Mohammed reportedly wanted the US military presence to maintain in Syria, despite Donald Trump's declaring the withdrawal of American forces from the war-torn country.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In March 2023, Saudi Arabia began talks to bring Syria back into the Arab League, and provided economic support after the <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake">2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake</a> on 6 February.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In May 2023, Syrian president Bashar al-Assad attended the <a href="/wiki/2023_Arab_League_summit" title="2023 Arab League summit">Arab League summit in Jeddah</a> where he was received by Mohammed.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Israel">Relations with Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Relations with Israel">edit</a>]</div> In December 2017, Mohammed criticised the United States' decision to <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognise Jerusalem</a> as the capital of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> In 2018, he voiced his support for a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_homeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish homeland">Jewish homeland</a> of Israel,<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> the first time that a senior Saudi royal has expressed such sentiments publicly.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In September 2019, Mohammed condemned Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s plans to annex the eastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In 2020, Mohammed met with Netanyahu and Israeli head of the <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Cohen" title="Yossi Cohen">Yosi Cohen</a>, in Neom.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> were pushing for Israel's normalization for years, calling in this context the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> the “deal of the century”, but Riyadh rejected reports of progress. In 2023, there were ongoing U.S. lead negotiations to establish diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Mohammed also said that his country was moving steadily closer to normalising relations with Israel as part of the Abraham Accords.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Due to <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel's war against Hamas</a>, Mohammed called for a global <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a> against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Mohammed reportedly told Antony Blinken in January 2024: "Do I care personally about the Palestinian issue? I don’t, but my people do."<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Survey_(human_research)" title="Survey (human research)">Surveys</a> in the early stages of <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_war_on_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's war on Gaza">Israel's war on Gaza</a> showed that over 90 percent of Saudis citizens believed that the Arab states should break off their relations with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-MEE27Sept24-215">[215]</a> In August 2024, Mohammad discussed his fears of facing assassination due to his support for establishing and normalizing Saudi-Israel ties, and the threats he received. He believed for any deal, it was important to include a true path to the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>, keeping in mind the current <a href="/wiki/Israel-Palestine_war_(2023-2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Palestine war (2023-2024)">Israel-Palestine war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> Following the events in Gaza and <a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_pager_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Lebanon pager explosions">Israel's attacks in Lebanon and Syria on 17 and 18 September 2024</a>, Saudi Arabia became even more vocal in its rejection of normalizing relations with Israel. Crown Prince Mohammad declared, during the annual address to the <a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia">Shura Council</a> on 19 September 2024, that Saudi Arabia will not normalize relations with Israel until Palestine is recognized as a state with <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-MEE27Sept24-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> At the Riyadh Summit on 11 November 2024, Mohammed condemned Israel’s actions in Gaza as a “collective genocide” and called on Israel to respect Iran’s sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Russia">Relationship with Russia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Relationship with Russia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_(2018-06-14)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_%282018-06-14%29_02.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_%282018-06-14%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_%282018-06-14%29_02.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_%282018-06-14%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_%282018-06-14%29_02.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Mohammad_bin_Salman_%282018-06-14%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>With Russian president Vladimir Putin (left) in Moscow, 14 June 2018</figcaption></figure> Under Mohammed's leadership, Saudi Arabia strengthened its <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">relationship with Russian president Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-222">[222]</a> In 2016, Mohammed signed an agreement to cooperate with Russia in global oil markets.<a href="#cite_note-:7-222">[222]</a> After Mohammed was accused of murdering Jamal Khashoggi, <a href="/wiki/Putin" class="mw-redirect" title="Putin">Putin</a> was one of few world leaders to publicly embrace the prince.<a href="#cite_note-:9-223">[223]</a> Russia has also abstained from criticising <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led intervention in Yemen</a> and has supported the United Nations arms embargo against the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> In 2021, Mohammed signed a military cooperation agreement with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Amidst Western isolation following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Mohammed strengthened his personal relationship with Vladimir Putin and expanded <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi-Russia relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chulov-85">[85]</a> Russia and Saudi Arabia have since been co-operating through the OPEC to cut oil output and increase oil prices.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In September 2022, five British and two American POWs captured in Ukraine were released by Russia through Saudi mediation.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Russia's new foreign policy concept unveiled in 2023 has given priority to enhancing friendly relations with Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In December 2023, Putin visited Saudi Arabia and met with Mohammed.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Turkey">Relations with Turkey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Relations with Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations">Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations</a></div> In March 2018, Mohammed referred to Turkey as part of a "triangle of evil" alongside Iran and the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-turkeyqatar-233">[233]</a> However, Mohammed later led a reconciliation with Turkey in 2022, leading to improved relations between the countries.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> In July 2023, the Crown Prince and Turkish president <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> agreed a major deal for Saudi Arabia to purchase Turkish <a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" title="Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı">Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı</a> drones.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_United_States">Relations with United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Relations with United States">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relations_with_the_Trump_Administration">Relations with the Trump Administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Relations with the Trump Administration">edit</a>]</div> In August 2016 <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Trump Jr.</a>, the son of US presidential candidate Donald Trump, had a meeting with an envoy representing Mohammed bin Salman and the crown prince of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed bin Zayed. The envoy offered help to the Trump campaign.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-236">[236]</a> The meeting included Joel Zamel, an Israeli social media expert, Lebanese-American businessman <a href="/wiki/George_Nader_(businessman)" title="George Nader (businessman)">George Nader</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Academi" class="mw-redirect" title="Academi">Blackwater</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Erik_Prince" title="Erik Prince">Erik Prince</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-236">[236]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_G20_(48162361462).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848162361462%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848162361462%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848162361462%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848162361462%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848162361462%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848162361462%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>With Donald Trump, June 2019</figcaption></figure> Upon Trump's election, support for Mohammed bin Salman was described as one of the few issues where rival White House advisers <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> agreed.<a href="#cite_note-Newyorker-79">[79]</a> Mohammed, then deputy crown prince, was subsequently invited to the White House and given the treatment typically afforded to foreign heads of state by diplomatic protocol.<a href="#cite_note-kushner-238">[238]</a> He subsequently defended the Trump administration's <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">travel ban</a> for nationals of 7 Muslim-majority countries, stating that "Saudi Arabia does not believe that this measure is targeting Muslim countries or the religion of Islam".<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Kushner also inquired as to how the US could support Mohammed in the succession process.<a href="#cite_note-kushner-238">[238]</a> After Mohammed became crown prince, Trump reportedly said, "We've put our man on top".<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Trump initially supported the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Qatar diplomatic crisis">Saudi-led blockade of Qatar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> despite opposition from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">US Secretary of State</a> Rex Tillerson and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Mattis" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mattis">James Mattis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> though he later changed his position.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Mohammed later reportedly claimed Kushner had provided intelligence assistance on domestic rivals to Mohammed during the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9319_Saudi_Arabian_purge" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–19 Saudi Arabian purge">2017–19 Saudi Arabian purge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> which Trump had personally expressed support for.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The Trump administration also firmly supported Mohammed during global backlash following the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relations_with_the_Biden_administration">Relations with the Biden administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Relations with the Biden administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries,_Egypt,_Iraq,_and_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_leaders_of_the_GCC_countries%2C_Egypt%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Arab leaders, Joe Biden and Mohammed (fifth from right) at the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a>+3 summit in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, 16 July 2022</figcaption></figure> In 2019, during the Trump administration, Joe Biden criticised Mohammed, describing him as a pariah due to the 2018 killing of Jamal Khashoggi.<a href="#cite_note-:8-247">[247]</a> In July 2021, six months into the Biden presidency, Saudi deputy defence minister Khalid bin Salman Al Saud (Mohammed's brother) visited the United States. It was the first meeting between senior US and Saudi officials after Jamal Khashoggi was murdered in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> In September 2021, Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan met with Mohammed. In the meeting, Mohammed reportedly ended up shouting at Sullivan after he raised the killing of Khashoggi.<a href="#cite_note-:8-247">[247]</a> US-Saudi trade relations has also sunk drastically from a height of 76 billion dollars in 2012 to just about 29 billion dollars in 2021. After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, Saudi Arabia declined US requests to increase <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production" title="List of countries by oil production">oil production</a> and thus undercut Russia's war finances.<a href="#cite_note-:8-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> The Wall Street Journal wrote in April 2022 that the US-Saudi relationship was at "its lowest point in decades."<a href="#cite_note-:8-247">[247]</a> In April 2022, CIA director <a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William Burns</a> traveled to Saudi Arabia to meet with Mohammed, asking him to increase the country's oil production. They also discussed Saudi weapons purchases from China.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_and_Prime_Minister_Mohammed_bin_Salman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>With US secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> in Jeddah, 7 June 2023</figcaption></figure> Relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia became weak after <a href="/wiki/OPEC%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="OPEC+">OPEC+</a> announced a cut in oil production by two million barrels a day. The US government was angered by the move, accusing Saudi Arabia of siding with Russia in its war against Ukraine. The Saudi government denied these claims, claiming that the move was not politically motivated but to bring stability in global oil markets.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> The Saudi government also declined a US request to postpone an OPEC decision until after the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_elections" title="2022 United States elections">2022 United States elections</a>, leading Biden to threaten "consequences" against Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Saudi Arabia's relations with the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> have been strained, especially after Mohammed's refusal to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia-United_States_relations#Energy_and_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia-United States relations">increase oil production</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. However, the relations have warmed up with <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)#July" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">Biden's official visit to Saudi Arabia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>'s approval of a $500m arms deal,<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipartisan">bipartisan</a> group visit of US senators to Saudi Arabia,<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> and relaxing restrictions on offensive weapons sales.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Qatar">Relations with Qatar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Relations with Qatar">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a></div> On 5 June 2017, Saudi Arabia under Mohammed spearheaded a diplomatic crisis with Qatar together with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt, with the countries severing <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic relations">diplomatic relations</a> with Qatar and effectively imposing a blockade on the country. The countries cited <a href="/wiki/Qatar_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism">Qatar's alleged support for terrorism</a> as the main reason for the actions, also citing <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_controversies_and_criticism" title="Al Jazeera controversies and criticism">Al Jazeera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Iran–Qatar relations">Qatar's relations with Iran</a>. Reuters reported that Mohammed "said the dispute with Qatar could be long-lasting, comparing it to the <a href="/wiki/US_embargo_against_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="US embargo against Cuba">US embargo against Cuba</a> imposed 60 years before, but played down its impact, dismissing the Gulf emirate as "smaller than a Cairo street".<a href="#cite_note-turkeyqatar-233">[233]</a> In August 2018, a report by <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a> cited unnamed sources claiming that former US secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> had in June 2017 intervened to stop a Saudi-Emirati plan to invade Qatar, resulting in increased pressure from Saudi Arabia and the UAE for his removal from office.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> On 4 January 2021, Qatar and Saudi Arabia agreed to a resolution of the crisis brokered by Kuwait and the United States, which stated that Saudi Arabia will reopen its border with Qatar and begin the process for reconciliation. An agreement and final communiqué signed on 5 January 2021 following a GCC summit at <a href="/wiki/Al-%27Ula" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-'Ula">Al-'Ula</a> marks the resolution of the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-Independent-259">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation_of_Saad_Hariri">Resignation of Saad Hariri</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Resignation of Saad Hariri">edit</a>]</div> In November 2017, Mohammed <a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">forced Lebanese prime minister Saad Hariri to resign</a> when he visited Saudi Arabia. Mohammed believed that <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Hariri</a> was in the pocket of Iran-backed <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, which is a major political force in Lebanon. Hariri eventually was released, went back to Lebanon and annulled his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi–Canadian_dispute">Saudi–Canadian dispute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Saudi–Canadian dispute">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Canada–Saudi Arabia relations">Canada–Saudi Arabia relations</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a>, Canada's minister of foreign affairs, issued a statement via Twitter on 2 August 2018 expressing Canada's concern over the recent arrest of <a href="/wiki/Samar_Badawi" title="Samar Badawi">Samar Badawi</a>, a human rights activist and sister of imprisoned Saudi blogger <a href="/wiki/Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Raif Badawi</a>, and called for the release of human rights activists.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> In response to Canada's criticism, Saudi Arabia expelled Canada's ambassador and froze trade with Canada.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a> reported that the consensus among analysts indicated that the actions taken by Mohammed were a "warning to the world — and to Saudi human rights activists — that his Saudi Arabia is not to be trifled with".<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> The diplomatic ties were restored on 24 May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi">Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_(30421982117).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2830421982117%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2830421982117%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2830421982117%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2830421982117%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2830421982117%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2830421982117%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5452" data-file-height="3635" /></a><figcaption>With US secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> (left), 16 October 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiri_and_MbS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Asiri_and_MbS.png/220px-Asiri_and_MbS.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Asiri_and_MbS.png 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>With Major General <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Asiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Asiri">Ahmad Asiri</a> (right), 2016</figcaption></figure> In October 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a critic of Mohammed, went missing after entering the Saudi consulate in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. Turkish officials reportedly believe that Khashoggi was murdered at the consulate, claiming to have specific video and audio recordings proving that he was first tortured and then murdered, and that a medical forensics expert was part of the 15-man Saudi team seen entering and leaving the consulate at the time of the journalist's disappearance.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Saudi Arabia denied the accusations and 13 days later Mohammed invited Turkish authorities to search the building as they "have nothing to hide". Saudi officials said they are "working to search for him".<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> reported that Mohammed had earlier sought to lure Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia and detain him.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>, seven of the fifteen men suspected of killing Khashoggi are members of Mohammed's personal bodyguard.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Sawers" title="John Sawers">John Sawers</a>, a former head of the British <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a>, stated that in his judgment of the evidence it is "very likely" that Mohammed ordered the killing of Khashoggi.<a href="#cite_note-JohnSawers_MBS_Khashoggi-269">[269]</a> In the aftermath of Khashoggi's death, multiple commentators referred to Mohammed as "Mister Bone Saw", <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">a play on the initials</a> MBS. The name refers to the alleged use of a <a href="/wiki/Bone_saw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone saw">bone saw</a> to dispose of Khashoggi's remains.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_MediaNarrative-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-SCMP_lifeofKhashoggi-271">[271]</a> Mohammed has denied any involvement in the murder and blamed the assassination on rogue operators. However, Western countries are not convinced and believe this could not have happened without Mohammed's knowledge or approval. Donald Trump described the Saudi response to the killing as "one of the worst in the history of cover-ups." Trump also believes that Mohammed at least knew about the plan, saying that "the prince is running things over there more so at this stage."<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> After the murder, Mohammed's close confidant <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Asiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Asiri">Ahmad Asiri</a> was sacked,<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> as was former advisor Saud al-Qahtani.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> The recording of Khashoggi's killing collected by Turkish intelligence reportedly reveals that one of the members of the kill team instructed someone over the phone to "tell your boss, the deed was done." American intelligence officials believe that "boss" was a reference to the Crown Prince. The person who made the call was identified as Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb, a security officer who is frequently seen travelling with the prince.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Seven weeks after Khashoggi's death, Saudi Arabia, in order to "distance ... Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, from the grisly murder" stated it would pursue the death penalty for five suspects charged with "ordering and executing the crime."<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> On 16 November 2018, it was reported that the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) had concluded with "high confidence" that Mohammed ordered Khashoggi's murder. The CIA based its conclusion on several pieces of evidence, including an intercepted conversation in which Mohammed's brother Khalid offered Khashoggi assurances that it would be safe for the journalist to enter Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul. Although the CIA reportedly had not determined whether Khalid had any foreknowledge of Khashoggi's ultimate fate upon entering the consulate, it believed that Khalid conveyed this message to Khashoggi at Mohammed's behest. In the CIA's analysis, the killing was most likely motivated by Mohammed's privately stated belief that Khashoggi was an <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> with problematic connections to the Muslim Brotherhood, a perception that differs markedly from the Saudi government's public remarks on Khashoggi's death.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> On 4 December 2018, a group of <a href="/wiki/United_States_senators" class="mw-redirect" title="United States senators">United States senators</a> were briefed by CIA director <a href="/wiki/Gina_Haspel" title="Gina Haspel">Gina Haspel</a> on the murder of Khashoggi. After the briefing, the senators were more than certain that Mohammed played a major role in the killing.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> Senator Lindsey Graham said, "You have to be willfully blind not to come to the conclusion that this was orchestrated and organised by people under the command of MBS and that he was intrinsically involved in the demise of Mr. Khashoggi." Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Corker" title="Bob Corker">Bob Corker</a> said that the prince "ordered, monitored, the killing" and "If he were in front of a jury, he would be convicted of murder in about 30 minutes."<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> On 5 December 2018, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> asked for an international investigation to determine who was behind Khashoggi's murder.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> A former Saudi intelligence chief and senior member of the Saudi royal family, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Turki_bin_Faisal" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Turki bin Faisal">Prince Turki bin Faisal</a>, dismissed the CIA's reported finding that Mohammed ordered the journalist's killing, saying that "The CIA has been proved wrong before. Just to mention the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a> for example."<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> In March 2019, US senators accused Saudi Arabia for a number of repetitive misdeeds and criticised Mohammed, saying he has gone "full gangster".<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> The senators said the list of human rights violations by Saudi Arabia is too long to comprehend the situation in the kingdom or even work with Mohammed.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In June 2019, a UN report entitled "Annex to the Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Investigation into the unlawful death of Mr. Jamal Khashoggi" linked Mohammed to the assassination.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> In a June 2019 article, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> claimed that after Khashoggi's assassination, the media group became a target of hacking attempts made by a Saudi cybersecurity subdivision, as per an internal order document obtained by the group, with Saud al-Qahtani undersigned.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> According to an interview in a PBS documentary film recorded in December 2018 and parts released in September 2019, Mohammed bears responsibility for the killing of Khashoggi since it happened under his watch but he denies any knowledge of the murder in advance.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> He denied in an interview with CBS' 60 Minutes aired on 29 September 2019 any personal involvement in the killing, adding that "once charges are proven against someone, regardless of their rank, it will be taken to court, no exception made", but said that he had to take "full responsibility for what happened".<a href="#cite_note-cbsnews.com-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> On 25 February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Director of National Intelligence">Office of the Director of National Intelligence</a> issued a declassified report approved by Director <a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a>. The report, "Assessing the Saudi Government's Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi" stated that, "We assess that Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman approved an operation in Istanbul, Turkey to capture or kill Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi."<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> On 26 February 2021, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Callamard" title="Agnès Callamard">Agnès Callamard</a> released a statement urging, "The United States Government should impose sanctions against the Crown Prince, as it has done for the other perpetrators targeting his personal assets but also his international engagements."<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> On 18 November 2022, due to his new role as the Saudi prime minister, Mohammed got US immunity over Khashoggi's murder. However, Biden's administration emphasized that this was not a determination of innocence.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intimidation_of_Saad_al-Jabri">Intimidation of Saad al-Jabri</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Intimidation of Saad al-Jabri">edit</a>]</div> On 9 July 2020, four United States senators urged President Trump to secure the freedom of Saad al-Jabri's children Omar and Sarah, calling it a "moral obligation" to support a man who aided the <a href="/wiki/US_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="US intelligence">US intelligence</a> for years and had close ties with key members of the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_royal_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi royal family">Saudi royal family</a>. The Saudi government detained Omar and Sarah in March 2020 and, to date, their whereabouts remain unknown.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_3_June-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> Saudi Arabia had issued an <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> request and <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> notices to bring back Saad al-Jabri, who was the US <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorism">anti-terrorism</a> contact in the Middle East and was staying in Canada since 2018. The Interpol notice against al-Jabri was removed, citing that he was a political opponent of Mohammed.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> In August 2020, al-Jabri filed a federal lawsuit in Washington, DC, alleging that Mohammed dispatched a "Tiger Squad" to Canada during October 2018 to assassinate al-Jabri, who was the closest adviser to Mohammed's chief rival, Muhammad bin Nayef. The squad was identified and returned by Canadian authorities.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Following the lawsuit, the <a href="/wiki/US_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="US District Court for the District of Columbia">US District Court for the District of Columbia</a> issued the summons against Mohammed bin Salman, along with 11 other people. The summons stated that a judgement would be taken by default against the concerned parties if they fail to respond.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> Documents filed to the court revealed that Mohammed was served the lawsuit on 22 September 2020 at 4:05 p.m. ET via WhatsApp, and twenty minutes later the message was marked as "read".<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_China">Relations with China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Relations with China">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">China–Saudi Arabia relations</a></div> Relations between China and Saudi Arabia have deepened under the leadership of Mohammed; since he became crown prince in 2017, trade between the two countries have increased from $51.5 billion to $87.5 billion in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> In February 2019, Mohammed defended <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">China's policies in Xinjiang</a>, where more than 1 million <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> were put into <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">internment camps</a>, saying "China has the right to carry out anti-terrorism and de-extremisation work for its national security.".<a href="#cite_note-xinjiang-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-camps-307">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miqdaad_Versi" title="Miqdaad Versi">Miqdaad Versi</a>, spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Council_of_Britain" title="Muslim Council of Britain">Muslim Council of Britain</a>, called Mohammed's remarks "disgusting" and a defence of "the use of concentration camps against Uighur Muslims".<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> China has been Saudi Arabia's largest economic partner since 2014 and Saudi Arabia is the biggest source of China's oil imports.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> In 2019, Chinese officials announced plans to incorporate <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030" title="Saudi Vision 2030">Saudi Vision 2030</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>, and expand economic, cultural, strategic and military co-operation.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Since 2021, China has been assisting in Saudi Arabia's <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missile</a> programme by transferring technology and making joint ventures for missile production.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> Mohammed hosted Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> in Riyadh for talks on 7–10 December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Gambrell-313">[313]</a> During the visit, Xi met with numerous Arab leaders, including members of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gambrell-313">[313]</a> Xi also signed numerous commercial deals with Saudi Arabia and formally elevated the relationship to comprehensive strategic partnership, highest level in China's formal ranking of relations with other countries.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> The deal also expanded military and security ties, with both sides agreeing for joint production of <a href="/wiki/UAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UAV">UAV</a> systems in Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Describing the GCC summit as a "milestone event" in the history of Sino-Arab friendship, Xi urged the Gulf countries to start making oil transaction through <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a>, a move widely seen as China's efforts to establish Renminbi as a <a href="/wiki/World_currency" title="World currency">world currency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> During the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Airshow_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Airshow China">Airshow China</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>, Saudi Arabia and China concluded arms deal worth $4 billion. Under the contract, Saudi Arabia purchased hundreds of Chinese drones, ballistic missiles, <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hunter_(laser_weapon)" title="Silent Hunter (laser weapon)">Silent Hunter</a> <a href="/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon" title="Directed-energy weapon">DEWs</a> in addition to <a href="/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer">technology transfer</a> that enables indigenous manufacturing of various armaments.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> On 10 March 2023, Saudi Arabia and Iran agreed to restore diplomatic ties cut in 2016 after a deal brokered between the two countries by China following secret talks in Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hack_of_Jeff_Bezos's_phone">Hack of Jeff Bezos's phone</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Hack of Jeff Bezos's phone">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hack_of_Jeff_Bezos%27s_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Hack of Jeff Bezos's phone">Hack of Jeff Bezos's phone</a></div> In March 2019, <a href="/wiki/Gavin_de_Becker" title="Gavin de Becker">Gavin de Becker</a>, a security specialist working for <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a>, accused Saudi Arabia of hacking Bezos's phone.<a href="#cite_note-Bond-320">[320]</a> Bezos was the owner of The Washington Post, the leader of the company <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, and the world's richest man at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Bond-320">[320]</a> In January 2020, the results of <a href="/wiki/FTI_Consulting" title="FTI Consulting">FTI Consulting</a>'s forensic investigation of Bezos' phone were made public. The company concluded with "medium to high confidence" that Bezos' phone was hacked by a multimedia message sent in May 2018 from Mohammed's <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> account, after which the phone begun transmitting dramatically higher amounts of data.<a href="#cite_note-Zetter-321">[321]</a> The report points to circumstantial evidence: first, a November 2018 message from Mohammed to Bezos includes an image resembling the woman Bezos was having an affair with, despite the affair not being public knowledge at the time; second, a February 2019 text from Mohammed to Bezos urges Bezos not to believe everything, after Bezos was briefed on the phone regarding an Internet campaign against him conducted by Saudis.<a href="#cite_note-Zetter-321">[321]</a> United Nations special rapporteurs Agnès Callamard and <a href="/wiki/David_Kaye_(academic)" title="David Kaye (academic)">David Kaye</a> reacted that the alleged hack suggests that Mohammed participated "in an effort to influence, if not silence, The Washington Post's reporting on Saudi Arabia".<a href="#cite_note-PatrickJan22-322">[322]</a> They declared that the alleged hacking was relevant to the issue of whether Mohammed was involved in the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, who worked for The Washington Post.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Environmentalism">edit</a>]</div> Under Mohammed's leadership, Saudi Arabia has lobbied to weaken global carbon emissions-reduction agreements.<a href="#cite_note-:4-324">[324]</a> Mohammed has made commitments about Saudi Arabia reaching <a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">net zero emissions</a> but they are based primarily on unproven carbon capture and storage technologies.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_(2018-06-14)_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_%282018-06-14%29_29.jpg/220px-2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_%282018-06-14%29_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_%282018-06-14%29_29.jpg/330px-2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_%282018-06-14%29_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_%282018-06-14%29_29.jpg/440px-2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_%282018-06-14%29_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: FIFA president <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Infantino" title="Gianni Infantino">Gianni Infantino</a>, Panamanian president <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Varela" title="Juan Carlos Varela">Juan Carlos Varela</a>, Mohammed bin Salman, and former French president <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a></figcaption></figure> On 6 April 2008, Mohammed married his <a href="/wiki/Cousin_marriage_in_the_Middle_East" title="Cousin marriage in the Middle East">first cousin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sara_bint_Mashour" class="mw-redirect" title="Sara bint Mashour">Sara bint Mashour</a>, a daughter of his paternal uncle <a href="/wiki/Mashour_bin_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashour bin Abdulaziz">Mashour bin Abdulaziz</a>. The couple have five children; the first four were named after their grandparents, and the fifth one is named after his great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="King Abdulaziz">King Abdulaziz</a>, the founder of Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2016-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> In 2022, The Economist reported that on at least one occasion, Mohammed beat Sara so severely that she required medical treatment.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> In 2015, Mohammed purchased the Italian-built and Bermuda-registered yacht <a href="/wiki/Serene_(yacht)" title="Serene (yacht)">Serene</a> from Russian vodka tycoon <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Shefler" title="Yuri Shefler">Yuri Shefler</a> for €500 million.<a href="#cite_note-30yearold-331">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-332">[332]</a> In 2015, he purchased the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Louis_XIV" title="Château Louis XIV">Château Louis XIV</a> in France for over $300 million.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tele2017-334">[334]</a> In 2018, he was ranked by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> as the eighth most powerful person in the world, with a personal wealth of at least $25 billion,<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> although his wealth was also estimated at $3.0 billion the same year.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> In December 2017, a number of sources reported that Mohammed, using his close associate Prince <a href="/wiki/Badr_bin_Abdullah_bin_Mohammed_Al_Farhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Farhan">Badr bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Farhan</a> as an intermediary, had bought <a href="/wiki/Salvator_Mundi_(Leonardo)" title="Salvator Mundi (Leonardo)">Salvator Mundi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>; the sale in November at $450 million set a new <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">record price for a work of art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_Salman-337">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> This report has been denied by the auctioneer <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>, the Saudi Arabian embassy,<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> and the UAE government, which has announced that it is the actual owner of the painting.<a href="#cite_note-thenational_1.682793-342">[342]</a> The painting has not been seen publicly since the auction,<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> but is reported to be on Mohammed's yacht Serene.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #CCBBEE; color: #000066;">Styles of Prince Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/70px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/105px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg/140px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="567" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Royal_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="His Royal Highness">His Royal Highness</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Royal Highness</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Bahrain: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif/70px-Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif/105px-Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif/140px-Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_ibn_Salman_Al_Khalifa.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Member Exceptional Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Sheikh_Isa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa" title="Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa">Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa</a> (25 November 2018)<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Tunisia: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/70px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/105px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/140px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)" title="Order of the Republic (Tunisia)">Order of the Republic</a> (28 November 2018)<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Pakistan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Order_of_Pakistan.png/70px-Order_of_Pakistan.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Order_of_Pakistan.png/105px-Order_of_Pakistan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Order_of_Pakistan.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Nishan-e-Pakistan</a> (18 February 2019)<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> Oman: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:CivilOrderOman.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/CivilOrderOman.png/70px-CivilOrderOman.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/CivilOrderOman.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Civil First Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Oman" title="Order of Oman">Order of Oman</a> (7 December 2021)<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> UAE: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_Zayed_rib.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Order_Zayed_rib.png/70px-Order_Zayed_rib.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Order_Zayed_rib.png/105px-Order_Zayed_rib.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Order_Zayed_rib.png/140px-Order_Zayed_rib.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Zayed" title="Order of Zayed">Order of Zayed</a> (7 December 2021)<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Jordan: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_(Jordan).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_%28Jordan%29.png/70px-Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_%28Jordan%29.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_%28Jordan%29.png/105px-Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_%28Jordan%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_%28Jordan%29.png/140px-Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali_%28Jordan%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="705" /></a> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali" title="Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali">Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali</a> (21 June 2022)<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Ukraine: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 1st 2nd and 3rd Class of Ukraine"><img alt="Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 1st 2nd and 3rd Class of Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/70px-Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/105px-Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/140px-Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="550" /></a> First Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise" title="Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise">Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise</a> (30 December 2023)<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heirs_apparent" title="List of current heirs apparent">List of current heirs apparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_state_leaders_by_age#Top_ten_currently_serving_2" title="Lists of state leaders by age">List of state leaders by age#Youngest serving state leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:10-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-bin-Salman">"Mohammed bin Salman | Biography, Saudi Arabia, Father, & Mother | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. 11 October 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+%7C+Biography%2C+Saudi+Arabia%2C+Father%2C+%26+Mother+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMohammed-bin-Salman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/11/04/high-cost-change/repression-under-saudi-crown-prince-tarnishes-reforms">"The High Cost of Change"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 4 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=The+High+Cost+of+Change&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fhigh-cost-change%2Frepression-under-saudi-crown-prince-tarnishes-reforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/11/21/saudi-crown-prince-immunity-highlights-us-failure-seek-justice">"Saudi Crown Prince Immunity Highlights US Failure to Seek Justice | Human Rights Watch"</a>. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Immunity+Highlights+US+Failure+to+Seek+Justice+%7C+Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2022%2F11%2F21%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-immunity-highlights-us-failure-seek-justice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/07/09/saudi-arabia-20-year-sentence-tweets">"Saudi Arabia: 20-Year Sentence for Tweets | Human Rights Watch"</a>. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+20-Year+Sentence+for+Tweets+%7C+Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2024-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F07%2F09%2Fsaudi-arabia-20-year-sentence-tweets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/323/002.2023.issue-323-en.xml">"IMF Staff Country Reports Volume 2023 Issue 323: Saudi Arabia: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Informational Annex (2023)"</a>. IMF eLibrary. Retrieved 2 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF+eLibrary&rft.atitle=IMF+Staff+Country+Reports+Volume+2023+Issue+323%3A+Saudi+Arabia%3A+2023+Article+IV+Consultation-Press+Release%3B+Staff+Report%3B+and+Informational+Annex+%282023%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elibrary.imf.org%2Fview%2Fjournals%2F002%2F2023%2F323%2F002.2023.issue-323-en.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-6"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDept2022" class="citation journal cs1">Dept, International Monetary Fund Middle East and Central Asia (17 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2022/275/article-A001-en.xml">"Saudi Arabia: Selected Issues"</a>. IMF Staff Country Reports. 2022 (275). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5089%2F9798400217548.002.A001">10.5089/9798400217548.002.A001</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IMF+Staff+Country+Reports&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Selected+Issues&rft.volume=2022&rft.issue=275&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5089%2F9798400217548.002.A001&rft.aulast=Dept&rft.aufirst=International+Monetary+Fund+Middle+East+and+Central+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elibrary.imf.org%2Fview%2Fjournals%2F002%2F2022%2F275%2Farticle-A001-en.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_7-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/saudi-arabia/understanding-saudi-arabias">Understanding Saudi Arabia’s Recalibrated Foreign Policy</a> | Crisis Group </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jns.org/saudi-crown-prince-says-he-doesnt-care-about-palestinian-issue/">"Saudi crown prince says he doesn't care about 'Palestinian issue'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_News_Syndicate" title="Jewish News Syndicate">Jewish News Syndicate</a>. 29 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+News+Syndicate&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+says+he+doesn%27t+care+about+%27Palestinian+issue%27&rft.date=2024-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jns.org%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-says-he-doesnt-care-about-palestinian-issue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoer2024" class="citation web cs1">Foer, Franklin (25 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2024/09/israel-gaza-war-biden-netanyahu-peace-negotiations/679581/">"The War That Would Not End"</a>. The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+War+That+Would+Not+End&rft.date=2024-09-25&rft.aulast=Foer&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2024%2F09%2Fisrael-gaza-war-biden-netanyahu-peace-negotiations%2F679581%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiembassy.net/ministries">"Ministries"</a>. Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia – Washington, D.C. 30 April 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034447/https://www.saudiembassy.net/ministries">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Embassy+of+Saudi+Arabia+%E2%80%93+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.atitle=Ministries&rft.date=2003-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiembassy.net%2Fministries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40354415">"Who is Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed?"</a>. BBC News. 6 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014071702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40354415">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+is+Saudi+Crown+Prince+Mohammed%3F&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-40354415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTisdall2017" class="citation news cs1">Tisdall, Simon (24 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-heir-young-hothead-with-ambitions">"Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud: The young hothead who would be king"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026035820/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-heir-young-hothead-with-ambitions">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+Al+Saud%3A+The+young+hothead+who+would+be+king&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft.aulast=Tisdall&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjun%2F25%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-saudi-heir-young-hothead-with-ambitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ddk-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ddk_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddk_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick2015" class="citation news cs1">Kirkpatrick, David D. (6 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/world/middleeast/surprising-saudi-rises-as-a-prince-among-princes.html">"Surprising Saudi Rises as a Prince Among Princes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906075153/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/world/middleeast/surprising-saudi-rises-as-a-prince-among-princes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Surprising+Saudi+Rises+as+a+Prince+Among+Princes&rft.date=2015-06-06&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F07%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsurprising-saudi-rises-as-a-prince-among-princes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Bligh2018" class="citation journal cs1">Alexander Bligh (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2018.1450015">"Changes in the Domestic-Foreign Policies Relationship in the Saudi Context in the Wake of the Change of the Guard"</a>. The Journal of the Middle East and Africa. 9 (1): 110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21520844.2018.1450015">10.1080/21520844.2018.1450015</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170051189">170051189</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215142128/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21520844.2018.1450015">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.atitle=Changes+in+the+Domestic-Foreign+Policies+Relationship+in+the+Saudi+Context+in+the+Wake+of+the+Change+of+the+Guard&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=110&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F21520844.2018.1450015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170051189%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Alexander+Bligh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F21520844.2018.1450015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1118661/saudi-arabia">"Profile: Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Saudi+Crown+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1118661%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223142215/http://abutalhazahack.com/current-issues/middle-east/10-middle-east/106-profile-of-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-defense-minister-of-saudi-arabia">"Profile of Prince Mohammed bin Salman - Defense Minister of Saudi Arabia"</a>. 23 December 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abutalhazahack.com/current-issues/middle-east/10-middle-east/106-profile-of-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-defense-minister-of-saudi-arabia">the original</a> on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+of+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+-+Defense+Minister+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2015-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabutalhazahack.com%2Fcurrent-issues%2Fmiddle-east%2F10-middle-east%2F106-profile-of-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-defense-minister-of-saudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101222157/http://www.ameinfo.com/279859.html">"HRH Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz to inaugurate Cityscape Riyadh 2011"</a>. AMEinfo.com. 31 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ameinfo.com/279859.html">the original</a> on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMEinfo.com&rft.atitle=HRH+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+bin+Abdulaziz+to+inaugurate+Cityscape+Riyadh+2011&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ameinfo.com%2F279859.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-misk-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-misk_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-misk_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128114507/http://www.misk.org.sa/mohammed-bin-salman?lang=en">"Chairman of the Board"</a>. MISK.org.sa. <a href="/w/index.php?title=MISK_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MISK Foundation (page does not exist)">MISK Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.misk.org.sa/mohammed-bin-salman?lang=en">the original</a> on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MISK.org.sa&rft.atitle=Chairman+of+the+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.misk.org.sa%2Fmohammed-bin-salman%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/505092">"Prince Sultan arrives to Bahrain to attend Bahrain Grand Prix"</a>. Bahrain News Agency. 22 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927234541/http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/505092">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prince+Sultan+arrives+to+Bahrain+to+attend+Bahrain+Grand+Prix&rft.date=2012-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bna.bh%2Fportal%2Fen%2Fnews%2F505092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820001643/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130303155193">"Leadership's trust in me is my motivation – Muhammad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Gazette" title="Saudi Gazette">Saudi Gazette</a>. 3 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130303155193">the original</a> on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Gazette&rft.atitle=Leadership%27s+trust+in+me+is+my+motivation+%E2%80%93+Muhammad&rft.date=2013-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudigazette.com.sa%2Findex.cfm%3Fmethod%3Dhome.regcon%26contentid%3D20130303155193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130411182710/http://saudibiznews.com/business/item/1290-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-as-president-of-crown-prince-court">"Prince Mohammed appointed president of crown prince court"</a>. Saudi Business News. 2 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saudibiznews.com/business/item/1290-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-as-president-of-crown-prince-court">the original</a> on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Business+News&rft.atitle=Prince+Mohammed+appointed+president+of+crown+prince+court&rft.date=2013-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaudibiznews.com%2Fbusiness%2Fitem%2F1290-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-as-president-of-crown-prince-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aawsat.net/2013/03/article55294575">"Prince Mohammed bin Salman appointed Special Advisor to Crown Prince"</a>. Asharq Alawsat. 3 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130311121018/http://www.aawsat.net/2013/03/article55294575">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asharq+Alawsat&rft.atitle=Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+appointed+Special+Advisor+to+Crown+Prince&rft.date=2013-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aawsat.net%2F2013%2F03%2Farticle55294575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-King-Abdullah-passes-away.html">"Saudi King Abdullah passes away"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. 23 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123191653/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-King-Abdullah-passes-away.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Saudi+King+Abdullah+passes+away&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F01%2F23%2FSaudi-King-Abdullah-passes-away.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-Prince-Mohammad-bin-Salman-appointed-defense-minister-head-of-Royal-Court">"Saudi Prince Mohammad bin Salman named defense minister"</a>. Al Arabiya English. 23 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225054506/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-Prince-Mohammad-bin-Salman-appointed-defense-minister-head-of-Royal-Court">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Saudi+Prince+Mohammad+bin+Salman+named+defense+minister&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F01%2F23%2FSaudi-Prince-Mohammad-bin-Salman-appointed-defense-minister-head-of-Royal-Court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133449/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2015/01/27/Profile-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-bin-Abdulaziz-Al-Saud.html">"Profile: Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. 27 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2015/01/27/Profile-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-bin-Abdulaziz-Al-Saud.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+bin+Abdulaziz+Al+Saud&rft.date=2015-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fperspective%2Fprofiles%2F2015%2F01%2F27%2FProfile-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-bin-Abdulaziz-Al-Saud.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordesman2015" class="citation news cs1">Cordesman, Anthony H. (24 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/saudis-smooth-succession-king-dead-long-live-king-301639">"Saudi Succession: The King Is Dead, Long Live the King"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150126115854/http://www.newsweek.com/saudis-smooth-succession-king-dead-long-live-king-301639">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Saudi+Succession%3A+The+King+Is+Dead%2C+Long+Live+the+King&rft.date=2015-01-24&rft.aulast=Cordesman&rft.aufirst=Anthony+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fsaudis-smooth-succession-king-dead-long-live-king-301639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951">"Yemen profile - Timeline"</a>. BBC News. 6 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160130182040/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Yemen+profile+-+Timeline&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-14704951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326181207/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/saudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html">"Saudi and Arab allies bomb Houthi positions in Yemen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 26 March 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/saudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html">the original</a> on 26 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Saudi+and+Arab+allies+bomb+Houthi+positions+in+Yemen&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2015%2F03%2Fsaudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYToct16-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYToct16_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYToct16_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYToct16_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYToct16_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzettiHubbard2016" class="citation news cs1">Mazzetti, Mark; Hubbard, Ben (16 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html">"Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decades of Royal Tradition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. A1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016213234/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rise+of+Saudi+Prince+Shatters+Decades+of+Royal+Tradition&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2016-10-16&rft.aulast=Mazzetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F16%2Fworld%2Frise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2016" class="citation news cs1">Law, Bill (8 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6803191.html">"The most dangerous man in the world?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615100155/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6803191.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+most+dangerous+man+in+the+world%3F&rft.date=2016-01-08&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fthe-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6803191.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2016" class="citation news cs1">Osborne, Samuel (22 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-king-salman-the-man-behind-the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6827716.html">"King Salman: The man in charge of the 'most dangerous man in the world'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615135848/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-king-salman-the-man-behind-the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6827716.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=King+Salman%3A+The+man+in+charge+of+the+%27most+dangerous+man+in+the+world%27&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-arabia-king-salman-the-man-behind-the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6827716.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/saudi_interview">"Transcript: Interview with Muhammad bin Salman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 6 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110130709/http://www.economist.com/saudi_interview">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Transcript%3A+Interview+with+Muhammad+bin+Salman&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fsaudi_interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arrogantsaudi-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arrogantsaudi_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arrogantsaudi_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html">"Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Naive, arrogant Saudi prince is playing with fire"</a>. The Independent. 10 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110132143/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman%3A+Naive%2C+arrogant+Saudi+prince+is+playing+with+fire&rft.date=2016-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fprince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowningIrish2015" class="citation news cs1">Browning, Noah; Irish, John (15 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSKBN0TX2PG20151215">"Saudi Arabia announces 34-state Islamic military alliance against terrorism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180608232158/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSKBN0TX2PG20151215">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+announces+34-state+Islamic+military+alliance+against+terrorism&rft.date=2015-12-15&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.au=Irish%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-security-idUSKBN0TX2PG20151215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKernan2017" class="citation news cs1">McKernan, Bethan (27 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/islamic-countries-terrorism-destroy-isis-muslim-riyadh-saudi-arabia-iran-egypt-syria-lebanon-a8077986.html">"More than 40 Islamic countries just met and vowed to wipe terrorism off the map"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180318113139/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/islamic-countries-terrorism-destroy-isis-muslim-riyadh-saudi-arabia-iran-egypt-syria-lebanon-a8077986.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=More+than+40+Islamic+countries+just+met+and+vowed+to+wipe+terrorism+off+the+map&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fislamic-countries-terrorism-destroy-isis-muslim-riyadh-saudi-arabia-iran-egypt-syria-lebanon-a8077986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/saudi-arabia-appoints-king-salman-son-crown-prince-170621033707437.html">"Mohammed bin Salman named Saudi Arabia's crown prince"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 21 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170621091448/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/saudi-arabia-appoints-king-salman-son-crown-prince-170621033707437.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+named+Saudi+Arabia%27s+crown+prince&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F06%2Fsaudi-arabia-appoints-king-salman-son-crown-prince-170621033707437.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuggler2015" class="citation web cs1">Huggler, Justin (2 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12029546/Saudi-Arabia-destabilising-Arab-world-German-intelligence-warns.html">"Saudi Arabia 'destabilising Arab world', German intelligence warns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109000950/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12029546/Saudi-Arabia-destabilising-Arab-world-German-intelligence-warns.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+%27destabilising+Arab+world%27%2C+German+intelligence+warns&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Huggler&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudiarabia%2F12029546%2FSaudi-Arabia-destabilising-Arab-world-German-intelligence-warns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn2016" class="citation news cs1">Cockburn, Patrick (9 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html">"Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Naive, arrogant Saudi prince is playing with fire: German intelligence memo shows the threat from the kingdom's headstrong defence minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110132143/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman%3A+Naive%2C+arrogant+Saudi+prince+is+playing+with+fire%3A+German+intelligence+memo+shows+the+threat+from+the+kingdom%27s+headstrong+defence+minister&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fprince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_rebukes-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_rebukes_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_rebukes_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmaledec2015" class="citation news cs1">Smaledec, Alison (3 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/world/europe/germany-rebukes-its-own-intelligence-agency-for-criticizing-saudi-policy.html">"Germany Rebukes Its Own Intelligence Agency for Criticizing Saudi Policy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707214349/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/world/europe/germany-rebukes-its-own-intelligence-agency-for-criticizing-saudi-policy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Germany+Rebukes+Its+Own+Intelligence+Agency+for+Criticizing+Saudi+Policy&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft.aulast=Smaledec&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F12%2F04%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgermany-rebukes-its-own-intelligence-agency-for-criticizing-saudi-policy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2017" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Jake (21 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-congratulates-newly-elevated-saudi-arabian-crown-prince/">"Trump congratulates newly-elevated Saudi Arabian crown prince"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812164333/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-congratulates-newly-elevated-saudi-arabian-crown-prince/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump+congratulates+newly-elevated+Saudi+Arabian+crown+prince&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-congratulates-newly-elevated-saudi-arabian-crown-prince%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatius2017" class="citation news cs1">Ignatius, David (20 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-young-prince-reimagines-saudi-arabia-can-he-make-his-vision-come-true/2017/04/20/663d79a4-2549-11e7-b503-9d616bd5a305_story.html">"A young prince is reimagining Saudi Arabia. Can he make his vision come true?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710065344/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-young-prince-reimagines-saudi-arabia-can-he-make-his-vision-come-true/2017/04/20/663d79a4-2549-11e7-b503-9d616bd5a305_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+young+prince+is+reimagining+Saudi+Arabia.+Can+he+make+his+vision+come+true%3F&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft.aulast=Ignatius&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fglobal-opinions%2Fa-young-prince-reimagines-saudi-arabia-can-he-make-his-vision-come-true%2F2017%2F04%2F20%2F663d79a4-2549-11e7-b503-9d616bd5a305_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2022/04/30/Saudi-Arabia-Crown-Prince-welcomes-Pakistan-s-new-prime-minister">"Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince welcomes Pakistan's new prime minister"</a>. Al Arabiya News. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Crown+Prince+welcomes+Pakistan%27s+new+prime+minister&rft.date=2022-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2022%2F04%2F30%2FSaudi-Arabia-Crown-Prince-welcomes-Pakistan-s-new-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-43"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldmanCarey2017" class="citation web cs1">Waldman, Peter; Carey, Glen (9 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111224358/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-09/the-saudi-purge-isn-t-just-a-power-grab">"The Saudi Purge Isn't Just a Power Grab"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-09/the-saudi-purge-isn-t-just-a-power-grab">the original</a> on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=The+Saudi+Purge+Isn%27t+Just+a+Power+Grab&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Carey%2C+Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-11-09%2Fthe-saudi-purge-isn-t-just-a-power-grab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen2018" class="citation web cs1">Bergen, Peter (17 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/15/opinions/how-the-saudis-played-trump-bergen/index.html">"Trump's uncritical embrace of MBS set the stage for Khashoggi crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104054944/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/15/opinions/how-the-saudis-played-trump-bergen/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+uncritical+embrace+of+MBS+set+the+stage+for+Khashoggi+crisis&rft.date=2018-11-17&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F10%2F15%2Fopinions%2Fhow-the-saudis-played-trump-bergen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daily_Sabah_2-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daily_Sabah_2_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daily_Sabah_2_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105032442/https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/11/05/alwaleed-bin-talal-two-other-billionaires-tycoons-among-saudi-arrests">"Alwaleed bin Talal, two other billionaires tycoons among Saudi arrests"</a>. Daily Sabah. 4 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/11/05/alwaleed-bin-talal-two-other-billionaires-tycoons-among-saudi-arrests">the original</a> on 5 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Alwaleed+bin+Talal%2C+two+other+billionaires+tycoons+among+Saudi+arrests&rft.date=2017-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fmideast%2F2017%2F11%2F05%2Falwaleed-bin-talal-two-other-billionaires-tycoons-among-saudi-arrests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick2017" class="citation news cs1">Kirkpatrick, David D. (4 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108003504/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-waleed-bin-talal.html">"Saudi Arabia Arrests 11 Princes, Including Billionaire Waleed bin Talal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-waleed-bin-talal.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Arrests+11+Princes%2C+Including+Billionaire+Waleed+bin+Talal&rft.date=2017-11-04&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F04%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-arabia-waleed-bin-talal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/19/saudi-accounts-emerge-of-ritz-carlton-night-of-the-beating">"'Night of the beating': details emerge of Riyadh Ritz-Carlton purge"</a>. The Guardian. 19 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019054642/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/19/saudi-accounts-emerge-of-ritz-carlton-night-of-the-beating">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Night+of+the+beating%27%3A+details+emerge+of+Riyadh+Ritz-Carlton+purge&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fnov%2F19%2Fsaudi-accounts-emerge-of-ritz-carlton-night-of-the-beating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_48-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/how-saudi-royal-crushed-his-rivals-shakedown-ritz-carlton-n930396">"How Saudi Arabia's crown prince crushed his rivals at the Ritz"</a>. NBC News. 3 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019042319/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/how-saudi-royal-crushed-his-rivals-shakedown-ritz-carlton-n930396">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=How+Saudi+Arabia%27s+crown+prince+crushed+his+rivals+at+the+Ritz&rft.date=2018-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmideast%2Fhow-saudi-royal-crushed-his-rivals-shakedown-ritz-carlton-n930396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlhussein2023" class="citation cs2">Alhussein, Eman (2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781802205633/book-part-9781802205633-14.xml">"Saudi Arabias centralized political structure: prospects and challenges"</a>, Handbook of Middle East Politics, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 144–157, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80220-563-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80220-563-3"><bdi>978-1-80220-563-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Middle+East+Politics&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabias+centralized+political+structure%3A+prospects+and+challenges&rft.pages=144-157&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-80220-563-3&rft.aulast=Alhussein&rft.aufirst=Eman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elgaronline.com%2Fedcollchap%2Fbook%2F9781802205633%2Fbook-part-9781802205633-14.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2021" class="citation cs2">Davidson, Christopher M. (2021), "Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (a.k.a. "MBS"): King in all but name (born 1985)", Dictators and Autocrats, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003100508-23">10.4324/9781003100508-23</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-10050-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-10050-8"><bdi>978-1-003-10050-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictators+and+Autocrats&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+Al+Saud+%28a.k.a.+%22MBS%22%29%3A+King+in+all+but+name+%28born+1985%29&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003100508-23&rft.isbn=978-1-003-10050-8&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Christopher+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eco-51"><a href="#cite_ref-eco_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21731021-muhammad-bin-salman-has-made-himself-sole-face-saudi-policy-saudi-arabias">"Saudi Arabia's unprecedented shake-up"</a>. The Economist. 5 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+unprecedented+shake-up&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21731021-muhammad-bin-salman-has-made-himself-sole-face-saudi-policy-saudi-arabias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec1-52"><a href="#cite_ref-ec1_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21731153-muhammad-bin-salman-seizes-all-power-saudi-arabia-world-should-push-crown-prince">"The world should push the crown prince to reform Saudi Arabia, not wreck it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+world+should+push+the+crown+prince+to+reform+Saudi+Arabia%2C+not+wreck+it&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fleaders%2F21731153-muhammad-bin-salman-seizes-all-power-saudi-arabia-world-should-push-crown-prince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2017" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Muqtedar (4 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/power-consolidation-or-failed-coup-in-saudi-arabia_us_59fe47b5e4b0d467d4c225ab">"Power Consolidation Or Failed Coup In Saudi Arabia?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105075756/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/power-consolidation-or-failed-coup-in-saudi-arabia_us_59fe47b5e4b0d467d4c225ab">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Power+Consolidation+Or+Failed+Coup+In+Saudi+Arabia%3F&rft.date=2017-11-04&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Muqtedar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fpower-consolidation-or-failed-coup-in-saudi-arabia_us_59fe47b5e4b0d467d4c225ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-54"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gardner_(journalist)" title="Frank Gardner (journalist)">Gardner, Frank</a> (5 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105041957/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41874117">"Saudi princes among dozens detained in anti-corruption purge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41874117">the original</a> on 5 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Saudi+princes+among+dozens+detained+in+anti-corruption+purge&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-41874117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMufson2017" class="citation news cs1">Mufson, Steven (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/what-the-royal-purge-means-for-saudi-arabia--and-its-oil/2017/11/06/9cba9142-c256-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html">"What the royal purge means for Saudi Arabia — and its oil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106215724/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/what-the-royal-purge-means-for-saudi-arabia--and-its-oil/2017/11/06/9cba9142-c256-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+the+royal+purge+means+for+Saudi+Arabia+%E2%80%94+and+its+oil&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Mufson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fwhat-the-royal-purge-means-for-saudi-arabia--and-its-oil%2F2017%2F11%2F06%2F9cba9142-c256-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoffel2017" class="citation news cs1">Stoffel, Derek (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saudi-arabia-s-young-crown-prince-moves-boldly-to-secure-his-grip-on-power-1.4388970">"Saudi Arabia 'at a crossroads': What the arrests of several princes mean for the kingdom's future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106164852/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saudi-arabia-s-young-crown-prince-moves-boldly-to-secure-his-grip-on-power-1.4388970">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+%27at+a+crossroads%27%3A+What+the+arrests+of+several+princes+mean+for+the+kingdom%27s+future&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Stoffel&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-arabia-s-young-crown-prince-moves-boldly-to-secure-his-grip-on-power-1.4388970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeffer2017" class="citation web cs1">Pfeffer, Anshel (8 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.821313">"The Saudi purge: The real reason behind Mohammed bin Salman's unprecedented crackdown"</a>. Middle East News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111090003/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.821313">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+News&rft.atitle=The+Saudi+purge%3A+The+real+reason+behind+Mohammed+bin+Salman%27s+unprecedented+crackdown&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft.aulast=Pfeffer&rft.aufirst=Anshel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2F1.821313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalsin2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Malsin, Jared (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5012396/saudi-arabia-prince-alwaleed-bin-talal-arrested/">"Inside the Arrest of Saudi Arabia's Alwaleed bin Talal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109053549/http://time.com/5012396/saudi-arabia-prince-alwaleed-bin-talal-arrested/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Arrest+of+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Alwaleed+bin+Talal&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Malsin&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5012396%2Fsaudi-arabia-prince-alwaleed-bin-talal-arrested%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelvedere2017" class="citation web cs1">Belvedere, Matthew J. (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/saudi-crackdown-would-be-like-the-us-arresting-warren-buffett.html">"Saudi crackdown 'would be like' the US arresting Warren Buffett"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108034640/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/saudi-crackdown-would-be-like-the-us-arresting-warren-buffett.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Saudi+crackdown+%27would+be+like%27+the+US+arresting+Warren+Buffett&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Belvedere&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F11%2F06%2Fsaudi-crackdown-would-be-like-the-us-arresting-warren-buffett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrump2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald J. Trump">Trump, Donald J.</a> (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/927673257230327808">"I have great confidence in King Salman and the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, they know exactly what they are doing....Some of those they are harshly treating have been 'milking' their country for years!"</a>. Twitter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110163051/https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/927673257230327808">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=I+have+great+confidence+in+King+Salman+and+the+Crown+Prince+of+Saudi+Arabia%2C+they+know+exactly+what+they+are+doing....Some+of+those+they+are+harshly+treating+have+been+%27milking%27+their+country+for+years%21&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Trump&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FrealDonaldTrump%2Fstatus%2F927673257230327808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-ShihriBatrawyi2017" class="citation news cs1">Al-Shihri, Abdullah; Batrawyi, Aya (25 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-saudi-arabia-corruption-probe-20171109-story.html">"More than 200 detained in Saudi Arabia in $100 billion corruption sweep"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111051249/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-saudi-arabia-corruption-probe-20171109-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=More+than+200+detained+in+Saudi+Arabia+in+%24100+billion+corruption+sweep&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft.aulast=Al-Shihri&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft.au=Batrawyi%2C+Aya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fct-saudi-arabia-corruption-probe-20171109-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-62"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=1880379#1880379">"Statement by the Royal Court: Anti Corruption Committee Concludes Its Tasks The official Saudi Press Agency"</a>. spa.gov.sa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041054/https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=1880379#1880379">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spa.gov.sa&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+Royal+Court%3A+Anti+Corruption+Committee+Concludes+Its+Tasks+The+official+Saudi+Press+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spa.gov.sa%2Fviewfullstory.php%3Flang%3Den%26newsid%3D1880379%231880379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2019/01/30/Saudi-king-presented-with-final-corruption-crackdown-report-107-bln-recovered.html">"Saudi king presented with final corruption crackdown report, $107 bln recovered"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. 30 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190203151830/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2019/01/30/Saudi-king-presented-with-final-corruption-crackdown-report-107-bln-recovered.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Saudi+king+presented+with+final+corruption+crackdown+report%2C+%24107+bln+recovered&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2019%2F01%2F30%2FSaudi-king-presented-with-final-corruption-crackdown-report-107-bln-recovered.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Kulish2017" class="citation news cs1">Nicholas Kulish (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/world/middleeast/ritz-carlton-riyadh-saudi-princes.html">"Ritz-Carlton Has Become a Gilded Cage for Saudi Royals"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ritz-Carlton+Has+Become+a+Gilded+Cage+for+Saudi+Royals&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.au=Nicholas+Kulish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fritz-carlton-riyadh-saudi-princes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests-kingdom-holding-exclusi/exclusive-saudi-prince-detention-holds-up-loan-to-investment-firm-sources-idUSKBN1DK1W6">Exclusive: Saudi prince detention holds up loan to investment firm - sources</a> Reuters </li> <li id="cite_note-ec-66"><a href="#cite_ref-ec_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21731174-some-welcome-crackdown-cronyism-others-fear-concentration-power">"The Saudi purge will spook global investors and unsettle oil markets"</a>. The Economist. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+Saudi+purge+will+spook+global+investors+and+unsettle+oil+markets&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21731174-some-welcome-crackdown-cronyism-others-fear-concentration-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-67"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaidStancati2017" class="citation news cs1">Said, Summer; Stancati, Margherita (17 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117203754/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-crackdown-escalates-with-arrests-of-top-military-officials-1510950402">"Saudi Arabia Pursues Cash Settlements as Crackdown Expands"</a>. Wall Street Journal. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-crackdown-escalates-with-arrests-of-top-military-officials-1510950402">the original</a> on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Pursues+Cash+Settlements+as+Crackdown+Expands&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=Summer&rft.au=Stancati%2C+Margherita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudi-crackdown-escalates-with-arrests-of-top-military-officials-1510950402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-68"><a href="#cite_ref-:32_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavel_Golovkin2017" class="citation web cs1">Pavel Golovkin (17 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031853/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/saudi-crackdown-escalates-with-arrests-of-top-military-officials/ar-BBF6cP9">"Saudi Crackdown Escalates With Arrests of Top Military Officials"</a>. MSN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/saudi-crackdown-escalates-with-arrests-of-top-military-officials/ar-BBF6cP9">the original</a> on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crackdown+Escalates+With+Arrests+of+Top+Military+Officials&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.au=Pavel+Golovkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-crackdown-escalates-with-arrests-of-top-military-officials%2Far-BBF6cP9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2022/09/27/Saudi-Arabia-s-Crown-Prince-to-become-Kingdom-s-Prime-Minister-Royal-decree">"Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince to become Kingdom's Prime Minister: Royal decree"</a>. Al Arabiya English. 27 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927172139/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2022/09/27/Saudi-Arabia-s-Crown-Prince-to-become-Kingdom-s-Prime-Minister-Royal-decree">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Crown+Prince+to+become+Kingdom%27s+Prime+Minister%3A+Royal+decree&rft.date=2022-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2022%2F09%2F27%2FSaudi-Arabia-s-Crown-Prince-to-become-Kingdom-s-Prime-Minister-Royal-decree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/world/canada/beating-up-on-canada-again-the-canada-letter.html">"Beating Up on Canada Again: the Canada Letter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 10 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812223505/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/world/canada/beating-up-on-canada-again-the-canada-letter.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018. <q>Prince Mohammed is a Saudi nationalist</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beating+Up+on+Canada+Again%3A+the+Canada+Letter&rft.date=2018-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F10%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Fbeating-up-on-canada-again-the-canada-letter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/saudi-arabia-nationalism-driving-ban-salman/561845/">"Saudi Arabia's Dark Nationalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. 2 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812181840/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/saudi-arabia-nationalism-driving-ban-salman/561845/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Dark+Nationalism&rft.date=2018-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2018%2F06%2Fsaudi-arabia-nationalism-driving-ban-salman%2F561845%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/22/saudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857">"Saudi Arabia's Populist King in Waiting"</a>. Politico. 22 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171124210619/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/22/saudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Populist+King+in+Waiting&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2017%2F11%2F22%2Fsaudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/300ff524-05a3-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5">"Saudi Arabia's corruption crackdown risks scaring off investors"</a>. Financial Times. 30 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213033/https://www.ft.com/content/300ff524-05a3-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018. <q>MbS, who also controls foreign and defence policy, has combined populism at home with hawkish nationalism abroad</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+corruption+crackdown+risks+scaring+off+investors&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F300ff524-05a3-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/heir-s-modernising-vision-risks-conservative-discontent-s0cwgjxm9">"Heir's modernising vision risks conservative discontent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. 22 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812181814/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/heir-s-modernising-vision-risks-conservative-discontent-s0cwgjxm9">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018. <q>Prince Mohammed's vision is conservative in a political sense — he will be an autocratic king — but it is socially more liberal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Heir%27s+modernising+vision+risks+conservative+discontent&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fheir-s-modernising-vision-risks-conservative-discontent-s0cwgjxm9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winkler_authoritarian-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winkler_authoritarian_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winkler_authoritarian_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2018" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, Theodor (2018). The Dark Side of Globalization. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 192. <q>combines a more liberal economic and societal system with reinforced authoritarian rule</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dark+Side+of+Globalization&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA">"How the man behind Khashoggi murder ran the killing via Skype"</a>. Reuters. 22 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126084543/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=How+the+man+behind+Khashoggi+murder+ran+the+killing+via+Skype&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight%2Fhow-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman">"Spotlight: Inside the stricken court of crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman"</a>. GQ. 27 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113153624/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GQ&rft.atitle=Spotlight%3A+Inside+the+stricken+court+of+crown+prince+Mohammed+Bin+Salman&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq-magazine.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fcrown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politico-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Politico_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/13/saudi-arabia-middle-east-donald-trump-215254">"Meet the Two Princes Reshaping the Middle East"</a>. Politico. 13 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050404/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/13/saudi-arabia-middle-east-donald-trump-215254">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Two+Princes+Reshaping+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2017%2F06%2F13%2Fsaudi-arabia-middle-east-donald-trump-215254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newyorker-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newyorker_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newyorker_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east">"A Saudi Prince's Quest to Remake the Middle East"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. 9 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809023149/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=A+Saudi+Prince%27s+Quest+to+Remake+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2018%2F04%2F09%2Fa-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RulaJebreal_Khashoggi_MBS-80"><a href="#cite_ref-RulaJebreal_Khashoggi_MBS_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRula2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rula_Jebreal" title="Rula Jebreal">Rula, Jebreal</a> (19 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/jamal-khashoggi-secret-interview-saudi-murder-prince-mbs-islam-america-1178489">"Jamal Khashoggi Secret Interview: The Saudi Journalist's Views of Islam, America and the 'Reformist' Prince Implicated in His Murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021024541/https://www.newsweek.com/jamal-khashoggi-secret-interview-saudi-murder-prince-mbs-islam-america-1178489">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Jamal+Khashoggi+Secret+Interview%3A+The+Saudi+Journalist%27s+Views+of+Islam%2C+America+and+the+%27Reformist%27+Prince+Implicated+in+His+Murder&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft.aulast=Rula&rft.aufirst=Jebreal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fjamal-khashoggi-secret-interview-saudi-murder-prince-mbs-islam-america-1178489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuran2017" class="citation news cs1">Duran, Burhanettin (31 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228233753/https://www.setav.org/en/is-moderate-islam-just-another-way-of-saying-arab-nationalism/">"Is "Moderate Islam" just another Way of saying Arab Nationalism?"</a>. SETA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.setav.org/en/is-moderate-islam-just-another-way-of-saying-arab-nationalism/">the original</a> on 28 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SETA&rft.atitle=Is+%22Moderate+Islam%22+just+another+Way+of+saying+Arab+Nationalism%3F&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.aulast=Duran&rft.aufirst=Burhanettin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.setav.org%2Fen%2Fis-moderate-islam-just-another-way-of-saying-arab-nationalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_82-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-01/critics-cite-worsening-saudi-repression-two-years-after-journalists-brutal-slaying">"Critics cite worsening Saudi repression two years after journalist's gruesome slaying"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 1 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806151419/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-01/critics-cite-worsening-saudi-repression-two-years-after-journalists-brutal-slaying">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Critics+cite+worsening+Saudi+repression+two+years+after+journalist%27s+gruesome+slaying&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-10-01%2Fcritics-cite-worsening-saudi-repression-two-years-after-journalists-brutal-slaying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/saudi-arabia">"Saudi Arabia Case Study | Understanding Transnational Repression"</a>. Freedom House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718172141/https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Case+Study+%7C+Understanding+Transnational+Repression&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ftransnational-repression%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_84-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/11/04/high-cost-change/repression-under-saudi-crown-prince-tarnishes-reforms">"The High Cost of Change"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 4 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718172138/https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/11/04/high-cost-change/repression-under-saudi-crown-prince-tarnishes-reforms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=The+High+Cost+of+Change&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fhigh-cost-change%2Frepression-under-saudi-crown-prince-tarnishes-reforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chulov-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chulov_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chulov_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulov2022" class="citation news cs1">Chulov, Martin (5 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221008173319/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/05/putin-mohammed-bin-salman-russia-saudi-arabia-deepen-ties">"Putin and the prince: fears in west as Russia and Saudi Arabia deepen ties"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/oct/13/saudi-arabia-putin-prince-mohammed">the original</a> on 8 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Putin+and+the+prince%3A+fears+in+west+as+Russia+and+Saudi+Arabia+deepen+ties&rft.date=2022-10-05&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2022%2Foct%2F13%2Fsaudi-arabia-putin-prince-mohammed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kerr-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kerr_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kerr_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimeon_Kerr2015" class="citation news cs1">Simeon Kerr (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8045e3e0-a850-11e4-bd17-00144feab7de.html">"Saudi king stamps his authority with staff shake-up and handouts"</a>. Financial Times. Riyadh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201101024/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8045e3e0-a850-11e4-bd17-00144feab7de.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+king+stamps+his+authority+with+staff+shake-up+and+handouts&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.au=Simeon+Kerr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F8045e3e0-a850-11e4-bd17-00144feab7de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-businessweek-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-businessweek_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-businessweek_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman2016" class="citation news cs1">Waldman, Peter (21 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-04-21/the-2-trillion-project-to-get-saudi-arabia-s-economy-off-oil">"Project to Get Saudi Arabia's Economy Off Oil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161015201640/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-04-21/the-2-trillion-project-to-get-saudi-arabia-s-economy-off-oil">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=Project+to+Get+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Economy+Off+Oil&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2016-04-21%2Fthe-2-trillion-project-to-get-saudi-arabia-s-economy-off-oil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottaway-wilson-2021-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ottaway-wilson-2021_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottaway-wilson-2021_88-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottaway-wilson-2021_88-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottaway-wilson-2021_88-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttaway2021" class="citation web cs1">Ottaway, David (6 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/saudi-crown-prince-lambasts-his-kingdoms-wahhabi-establishment">"Saudi Crown Prince Lambasts His Kingdom's Wahhabi Establishment"</a>. Wilson Center, Viewpoint Series. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507055319/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/saudi-crown-prince-lambasts-his-kingdoms-wahhabi-establishment">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Center%2C+Viewpoint+Series&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Lambasts+His+Kingdom%27s+Wahhabi+Establishment&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft.aulast=Ottaway&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Farticle%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-lambasts-his-kingdoms-wahhabi-establishment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holleis-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holleis_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holleis_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolleis2023" class="citation news cs1">Holleis, Jennifer (10 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230311005312/https://www.dw.com/en/saudi-identity-makeover-is-in-full-swing-before-ramadan/a-64936823">"Saudi Arabia rebrands as Ramadan approaches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/saudi-identity-makeover-is-in-full-swing-before-ramadan/a-64936823">the original</a> on 11 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+rebrands+as+Ramadan+approaches&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft.aulast=Holleis&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fsaudi-identity-makeover-is-in-full-swing-before-ramadan%2Fa-64936823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood-power-Atlantic-3-2022_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Wood, Graeme (3 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/04/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-palace-interview/622822/">"ABSOLUTE POWER"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220803173155/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/04/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-palace-interview/622822/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=ABSOLUTE+POWER&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2022%2F04%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-palace-interview%2F622822%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez2022" class="citation web cs1">Perez, Gabriella (15 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221218132138/https://providencemag.com/2022/09/the-saudi-mirage-of-religious-freedom/">"The Saudi Mirage of Religious Freedom"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://providencemag.com/2022/09/the-saudi-mirage-of-religious-freedom/">the original</a> on 18 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Saudi+Mirage+of+Religious+Freedom&rft.date=2022-09-15&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprovidencemag.com%2F2022%2F09%2Fthe-saudi-mirage-of-religious-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211017044450/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2018/04/03/What-did-Saudi-Crown-Prince-say-about-Shiites-in-Saudi-Arabia-">"What did Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman say about Shiites in Saudi Arabia?"</a>. Al Arabiya News. 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2018/04/03/What-did-Saudi-Crown-Prince-say-about-Shiites-in-Saudi-Arabia-">the original</a> on 17 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+News&rft.atitle=What+did+Crown+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+say+about+Shiites+in+Saudi+Arabia%3F&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2018%2F04%2F03%2FWhat-did-Saudi-Crown-Prince-say-about-Shiites-in-Saudi-Arabia-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arabnews2-93"><a href="#cite_ref-arabnews2_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/news/910016">"Haia can't chase, arrest suspects"</a>. arabnews.com. 14 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621013303/http://www.arabnews.com/news/910016">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arabnews.com&rft.atitle=Haia+can%27t+chase%2C+arrest+suspects&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnews%2F910016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommins,_David_Dean2015" class="citation book cs1">Commins, David Dean (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQPhBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66">Islam in Saudi Arabia</a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848858015" title="Special:BookSources/9781848858015"><bdi>9781848858015</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215142104/https://books.google.com/books?id=GQPhBwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA66&hl=en&source=newbks_fb">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781848858015&rft.au=Commins%2C+David+Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGQPhBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BASHRAHEEL-22-9-20192-95"><a href="#cite_ref-BASHRAHEEL-22-9-20192_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBashraheel2019" class="citation news cs1">Bashraheel, Aseel (22 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1558176/saudi-arabia">"Rise and fall of the Saudi religious police"</a>. Arab News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203061724/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1558176/saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rise+and+fall+of+the+Saudi+religious+police&rft.date=2019-09-22&rft.aulast=Bashraheel&rft.aufirst=Aseel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1558176%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-20193-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown-20193_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2019" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Nathan J. (5 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3346372">"Who or What Is the Wali al Amr: the Unposed Question"</a>. SSRN. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3346372">3346372</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305161447/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3346372">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSRN&rft.atitle=Who+or+What+Is+the+Wali+al+Amr%3A+the+Unposed+Question&rft.date=2019-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3346372%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Nathan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3346372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224202532/https://www.arabianbusiness.com/culture-society/saudi-arabia-bans-abaya-in-exam-halls">"Saudi Arabia bans abaya in exam halls"</a>. Arabian Business. 21 December 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabianbusiness.com/culture-society/saudi-arabia-bans-abaya-in-exam-halls">the original</a> on 24 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arabian+Business&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+bans+abaya+in+exam+halls&rft.date=2022-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabianbusiness.com%2Fculture-society%2Fsaudi-arabia-bans-abaya-in-exam-halls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221103149/https://gulfbusiness.com/saudi-arabia-bans-abayas-in-examination-halls/">"Saudi Arabia bans abayas in examination halls"</a>. Gulf Business. 21 December 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfbusiness.com/saudi-arabia-bans-abayas-in-examination-halls/">the original</a> on 21 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gulf+Business&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+bans+abayas+in+examination+halls&rft.date=2022-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfbusiness.com%2Fsaudi-arabia-bans-abayas-in-examination-halls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFatima2022" class="citation web cs1">Fatima, Sakina (19 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219172653/https://www.siasat.com/saudi-arabia-bans-abaya-in-exam-halls-2483584/">"Saudi Arabia bans abaya in exam halls"</a>. The Siasat Daily. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siasat.com/saudi-arabia-bans-abaya-in-exam-halls-2483584/">the original</a> on 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Siasat+Daily&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+bans+abaya+in+exam+halls&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft.aulast=Fatima&rft.aufirst=Sakina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siasat.com%2Fsaudi-arabia-bans-abaya-in-exam-halls-2483584%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226185911/https://millichronicle.com/2022/12/explained-saudi-arabia-bans-hijab-in-exam-halls-how-far-is-it-true.html">"EXPLAINED: 'Saudi Arabia bans Hijab in Exam Halls'—How far it's true?"</a>. Milli Chronicle. 26 December 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millichronicle.com/2022/12/explained-saudi-arabia-bans-hijab-in-exam-halls-how-far-is-it-true.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milli+Chronicle&rft.atitle=EXPLAINED%3A+%27Saudi+Arabia+bans+Hijab+in+Exam+Halls%27%E2%80%94How+far+it%27s+true%3F&rft.date=2022-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillichronicle.com%2F2022%2F12%2Fexplained-saudi-arabia-bans-hijab-in-exam-halls-how-far-is-it-true.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Black_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2016/04/26/Full-text-of-Saudi-Arabia-s-Vision-2030.html">"Full text of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. Saudi Vision 2030. 13 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524181540/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2016/04/26/Full-text-of-Saudi-Arabia-s-Vision-2030.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Vision+2030&rft.date=2016-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fperspective%2Ffeatures%2F2016%2F04%2F26%2FFull-text-of-Saudi-Arabia-s-Vision-2030.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlboaouhMahoney" class="citation journal cs1">Alboaouh, Kamel; Mahoney, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/577854">"Religious and Political Authority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Prospects"</a>. Manas Journal for Social Studies: 248. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914111124/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/577854">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2021 – via dergipark.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manas+Journal+for+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=Religious+and+Political+Authority+in+the+Kingdom+of+Saudi+Arabia%3A+Challenges+and+Prospects&rft.pages=248&rft.aulast=Alboaouh&rft.aufirst=Kamel&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fdownload%2Farticle-file%2F577854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_OmranKerrRaval2017" class="citation news cs1">Al Omran, Ahmed; Kerr, Simeon; Raval, Anjli (24 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/fd4b10c0-b8b7-11e7-8c12-5661783e5589">"Saudis aim to diversify economy with new $500bn city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002344/https://www.ft.com/content/fd4b10c0-b8b7-11e7-8c12-5661783e5589">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudis+aim+to+diversify+economy+with+new+%24500bn+city&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft.aulast=Al+Omran&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Simeon&rft.au=Raval%2C+Anjli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Ffd4b10c0-b8b7-11e7-8c12-5661783e5589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neom-food-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Neom-food_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neom.com/en-us/sectors/food">"The future of food"</a>. Neom. 6 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123015257/https://www.neom.com/en-us/sectors/food">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neom&rft.atitle=The+future+of+food&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neom.com%2Fen-us%2Fsectors%2Ffood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachman2017" class="citation news cs1">Wachman, Richard (24 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1182556/saudi-arabia">"Robots to roam $500 billion Saudi city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025171757/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1182556/saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Robots+to+roam+%24500+billion+Saudi+city&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft.aulast=Wachman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1182556%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenNereimCannon2017" class="citation news cs1">Glen, Carey; Nereim, Vivian; Cannon, Christopher (26 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-neom-saudi-mega-city/">"Sun, sea and robots: Saudi Arabia's sci-fi city in the desert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105050618/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-neom-saudi-mega-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Sun%2C+sea+and+robots%3A+Saudi+Arabia%27s+sci-fi+city+in+the+desert&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft.aulast=Glen&rft.aufirst=Carey&rft.au=Nereim%2C+Vivian&rft.au=Cannon%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fgraphics%2F2017-neom-saudi-mega-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahineNereim2017" class="citation news cs1">Shahine, Alaa; Nereim, Vivian (1 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-01/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-mega-red-sea-tourism-project">"Saudi Arabia plans a huge Red Sea Beach tourism project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127002015/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-01/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-mega-red-sea-tourism-project">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+plans+a+huge+Red+Sea+Beach+tourism+project&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft.aulast=Shahine&rft.aufirst=Alaa&rft.au=Nereim%2C+Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-08-01%2Fsaudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-mega-red-sea-tourism-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1137781/saudi-arabia">"Saudi crown prince launches mega Red Sea tourism project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. 1 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004044523/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1137781/saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+launches+mega+Red+Sea+tourism+project&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1137781%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-tourism/saudi-aims-to-issue-tourist-visas-next-year-official-says-idUSKBN1DN1H0">"Saudi aims to issue tourist visas next year, official says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 23 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102162450/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-tourism/saudi-aims-to-issue-tourist-visas-next-year-official-says-idUSKBN1DN1H0">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+aims+to+issue+tourist+visas+next+year%2C+official+says&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-tourism%2Fsaudi-aims-to-issue-tourist-visas-next-year-official-says-idUSKBN1DN1H0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45639285">"Saudi Arabia opens high-speed railway linking holy cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 25 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925214002/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45639285">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+opens+high-speed+railway+linking+holy+cities&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-45639285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-pif/saudi-crown-prince-says-sovereign-wealth-fund-will-surpass-600-billion-target-by-2020-idUSKCN1MF2KC">"Saudi crown prince says sovereign wealth fund will surpass $600 billion target by 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 5 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006181108/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-pif/saudi-crown-prince-says-sovereign-wealth-fund-will-surpass-600-billion-target-by-2020-idUSKCN1MF2KC">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+says+sovereign+wealth+fund+will+surpass+%24600+billion+target+by+2020&rft.date=2018-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-pif%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-says-sovereign-wealth-fund-will-surpass-600-billion-target-by-2020-idUSKCN1MF2KC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/world/gcc/saudi-s-mohammed-bin-salman-launches-project-for-kingdom-s-first-nuclear-plant-1.788487">"Saudi's Mohammed bin Salman launches project for kingdom's first nuclear plant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National</a>. 6 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106123554/https://www.thenational.ae/world/gcc/saudi-s-mohammed-bin-salman-launches-project-for-kingdom-s-first-nuclear-plant-1.788487">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Saudi%27s+Mohammed+bin+Salman+launches+project+for+kingdom%27s+first+nuclear+plant&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fworld%2Fgcc%2Fsaudi-s-mohammed-bin-salman-launches-project-for-kingdom-s-first-nuclear-plant-1.788487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinNair2018" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Matthew; Nair, Dinesh (6 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-06/softbank-said-to-plan-1-2-billion-solar-plant-in-saudi-arabia">"SoftBank Is Planning a $1.2 Billion Solar Plant in Saudi Arabia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108072134/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-06/softbank-said-to-plan-1-2-billion-solar-plant-in-saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=SoftBank+Is+Planning+a+%241.2+Billion+Solar+Plant+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Nair%2C+Dinesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-11-06%2Fsoftbank-said-to-plan-1-2-billion-solar-plant-in-saudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/white-house-said-top-aide-planned-discuss-oil-prices-with-saudi-arabia-2021-09-30/">"Top White House aide discussed oil prices with Saudi Arabia"</a>. Reuters. 1 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026221825/https://www.reuters.com/business/white-house-said-top-aide-planned-discuss-oil-prices-with-saudi-arabia-2021-09-30/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Top+White+House+aide+discussed+oil+prices+with+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fwhite-house-said-top-aide-planned-discuss-oil-prices-with-saudi-arabia-2021-09-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNortham2022" class="citation news cs1">Northam, Jackie (13 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013171529/https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128523146/saudi-arabia-russia-opec-oil-cut-biden-congress-washington">"The White House accuses Saudi Arabia of aiding Russia and coercing OPEC oil producers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128523146/saudi-arabia-russia-opec-oil-cut-biden-congress-washington">the original</a> on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+White+House+accuses+Saudi+Arabia+of+aiding+Russia+and+coercing+OPEC+oil+producers&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft.aulast=Northam&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F10%2F13%2F1128523146%2Fsaudi-arabia-russia-opec-oil-cut-biden-congress-washington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/9/27/energy-crunch-how-high-will-oil-prices-climb">"Energy crunch: How high will oil prices climb?"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 27 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028113744/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/9/27/energy-crunch-how-high-will-oil-prices-climb">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=Energy+crunch%3A+How+high+will+oil+prices+climb%3F&rft.date=2021-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Feconomy%2F2021%2F9%2F27%2Fenergy-crunch-how-high-will-oil-prices-climb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/05/oil-prices-analysts-see-a-prolonged-rally-as-opec-sticks-to-its-plan.html">"Oil analysts predict a prolonged rally as OPEC resists calls to ramp up supply"</a>. CNBC. 5 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026180630/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/05/oil-prices-analysts-see-a-prolonged-rally-as-opec-sticks-to-its-plan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Oil+analysts+predict+a+prolonged+rally+as+OPEC+resists+calls+to+ramp+up+supply&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F10%2F05%2Foil-prices-analysts-see-a-prolonged-rally-as-opec-sticks-to-its-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naturalgasintel.com/opec-plus-in-drivers-seat-as-global-energy-crisis-intensifies/">"OPEC-Plus in Driver's Seat As Global Energy Crisis Intensifies"</a>. Natural Gas Intelligence. 6 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028054901/https://www.naturalgasintel.com/opec-plus-in-drivers-seat-as-global-energy-crisis-intensifies/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Gas+Intelligence&rft.atitle=OPEC-Plus+in+Driver%27s+Seat+As+Global+Energy+Crisis+Intensifies&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalgasintel.com%2Fopec-plus-in-drivers-seat-as-global-energy-crisis-intensifies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exclusive-saudi-arabia-doubles-q2-russian-fuel-oil-imports-power-generation-2022-07-14/">"Exclusive: Saudi Arabia doubles second-quarter Russian fuel oil imports for power generation"</a>. Reuters. 15 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220907000713/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exclusive-saudi-arabia-doubles-q2-russian-fuel-oil-imports-power-generation-2022-07-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Saudi+Arabia+doubles+second-quarter+Russian+fuel+oil+imports+for+power+generation&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2Fexclusive-saudi-arabia-doubles-q2-russian-fuel-oil-imports-power-generation-2022-07-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-saudi-crown-prince-underline-importance-opec-framework-kremlin-2022-07-21/">"Putin discusses oil market with Saudi crown prince who hosted Biden last week"</a>. Reuters. 21 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928105509/https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-saudi-crown-prince-underline-importance-opec-framework-kremlin-2022-07-21/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+discusses+oil+market+with+Saudi+crown+prince+who+hosted+Biden+last+week&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fputin-saudi-crown-prince-underline-importance-opec-framework-kremlin-2022-07-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/21/mohammed-bin-salman-says-he-will-continue-doing-sport-washing-for-saudi-arabia">"Mohammed bin Salman says he will 'continue doing sport washing' for Saudi Arabia | Sport | the Guardian"</a>. 21 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+says+he+will+%27continue+doing+sport+washing%27+for+Saudi+Arabia+%26%23124%3B+Sport+%26%23124%3B+the+Guardian&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fsep%2F21%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-says-he-will-continue-doing-sport-washing-for-saudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalman" class="citation web cs1">Salman, Mohammed bin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110110419/http://www.mohammadbinsalman.com/2016/08/interview-of-prince-Mohammad-bin-salman.html">"Interview of Prince Mohammed bin Salman – His vision for the future Saudi Arabia"</a>. Interviewed by Turki Al-Dakhil. Al Arabia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mohammadbinsalman.com/2016/08/interview-of-prince-Mohammad-bin-salman.html">the original</a> on 10 November 2016 – via mohammadbinsalman.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+of+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+%E2%80%93+His+vision+for+the+future+Saudi+Arabia&rft.aulast=Salman&rft.aufirst=Mohammed+bin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohammadbinsalman.com%2F2016%2F08%2Finterview-of-prince-Mohammad-bin-salman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1497071/saudi-arabia">"Saudi cabinet approves new expatriate residency scheme"</a>. ArabNews.com. 14 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716182419/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1497071/saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArabNews.com&rft.atitle=Saudi+cabinet+approves+new+expatriate+residency+scheme&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1497071%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mohammadbinsalman.com/2019/06/saudi-arabia-to-give-green-card.html">"Saudi Arabia to Give "Green Card" Residency Permit for the First Time in 2019"</a>. mohammadbinsalman.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708153003/https://www.mohammadbinsalman.com/2019/06/saudi-arabia-to-give-green-card.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mohammadbinsalman.com&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+to+Give+%22Green+Card%22+Residency+Permit+for+the+First+Time+in+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohammadbinsalman.com%2F2019%2F06%2Fsaudi-arabia-to-give-green-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1499406/saudi-arabia">"Rights and benefits of the Saudi 'Green Card'"</a>. Arab News. 20 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714023053/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1499406/saudi-arabia">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Rights+and+benefits+of+the+Saudi+%27Green+Card%27&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1499406%2Fsaudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Black2016" class="citation news cs1">Ian Black (25 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/25/saudi-arabia-approves-ambitious-plan-to-move-economy-beyond-oil">"Saudi Arabia approves ambitious plan to move economy beyond oil"</a>. The Guardian. United Kingdom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517055716/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/25/saudi-arabia-approves-ambitious-plan-to-move-economy-beyond-oil">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+approves+ambitious+plan+to+move+economy+beyond+oil&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.au=Ian+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fapr%2F25%2Fsaudi-arabia-approves-ambitious-plan-to-move-economy-beyond-oil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Saad Al-Qahtani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/saudi-aramco-ipo-part-of-kingdoms-diversification-plan/">Saudi Aramco IPO part of Kingdom's diversification plan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707160212/https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/saudi-aramco-ipo-part-of-kingdoms-diversification-plan/">Archived</a> 7 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Thomsonreuters.com, 10 May 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-veconomist-128"><a href="#cite_ref-veconomist_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/business/21730469-it-suffering-whims-capricious-crown-prince-saudi-aramcos-ipo-mess">"Saudi Aramco's IPO is a mess"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 19 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020084103/https://www.economist.com/news/business/21730469-it-suffering-whims-capricious-crown-prince-saudi-aramcos-ipo-mess">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Saudi+Aramco%27s+IPO+is+a+mess&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F21730469-it-suffering-whims-capricious-crown-prince-saudi-aramcos-ipo-mess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rattlessaudiarabia-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rattlessaudiarabia_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rattlessaudiarabia_129-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013800/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Rise-of-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-rattles-Saudi-Arabia/articleshow/54890310.cms">"Rise of Prince Mohammed bin Salman rattles Saudi Arabia"</a>. The Times of India. 17 October 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Rise-of-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-rattles-Saudi-Arabia/articleshow/54890310.cms">the original</a> on 2 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Rise+of+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+rattles+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2FRise-of-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-rattles-Saudi-Arabia%2Farticleshow%2F54890310.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/travel-and-tourism/2017/04/08/Saudi-Arabia-plans-on-building-its-largest-cultural-sports-and-recreation-city.html">"Prince Mohammed bin Salman announces Saudi plans for largest entertainment city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. 8 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171745/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/travel-and-tourism/2017/04/08/Saudi-Arabia-plans-on-building-its-largest-cultural-sports-and-recreation-city.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+announces+Saudi+plans+for+largest+entertainment+city&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Flife-style%2Ftravel-and-tourism%2F2017%2F04%2F08%2FSaudi-Arabia-plans-on-building-its-largest-cultural-sports-and-recreation-city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520308/SAUDI-ARABIA/World-class-entertainment-park-coming-up-in-Al-Qiddiya">"World-class entertainment park coming up in Al-Qiddiya"</a>. Saudi Gazette. 26 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180209182345/http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520308/SAUDI-ARABIA/World-class-entertainment-park-coming-up-in-Al-Qiddiya">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Gazette&rft.atitle=World-class+entertainment+park+coming+up+in+Al-Qiddiya&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaudigazette.com.sa%2Farticle%2F520308%2FSAUDI-ARABIA%2FWorld-class-entertainment-park-coming-up-in-Al-Qiddiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulov2017" class="citation web cs1">Chulov, Martin (24 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/i-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince">"I will return Saudi Arabia to moderate Islam, says crown prince"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105174839/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/i-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=I+will+return+Saudi+Arabia+to+moderate+Islam%2C+says+crown+prince&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Foct%2F24%2Fi-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520191/SAUDI-ARABIA/Kingdom-a-country-of-moderate-Islam">"Kingdom a country of moderate Islam"</a>. saudigazette.com.sa. 24 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025182733/http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520191/SAUDI-ARABIA/Kingdom-a-country-of-moderate-Islam">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kingdom+a+country+of+moderate+Islam&rft.pub=saudigazette.com.sa&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaudigazette.com.sa%2Farticle%2F520191%2FSAUDI-ARABIA%2FKingdom-a-country-of-moderate-Islam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenning2017" class="citation web cs1">Denning, Liam (5 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2017-11-05/saudi-arabia-has-its-own-way-of-draining-the-swamp">"Saudi Sweep Is a Double-Edged Sword"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106001229/https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2017-11-05/saudi-arabia-has-its-own-way-of-draining-the-swamp">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Sweep+Is+a+Double-Edged+Sword&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fgadfly%2Farticles%2F2017-11-05%2Fsaudi-arabia-has-its-own-way-of-draining-the-swamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geopoliticalfutures.com/saudi-arabias-saturday-night-massacre/">"Saudi Arabia's Saturday Night Massacre"</a>. Geopolitical Futures. 8 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115221015/https://geopoliticalfutures.com/saudi-arabias-saturday-night-massacre/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Saturday+Night+Massacre&rft.pub=Geopolitical+Futures&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeopoliticalfutures.com%2Fsaudi-arabias-saturday-night-massacre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniacke2020" class="citation journal cs1">Uniacke, Robert (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1737916">"Authoritarianism in the information age: state branding, depoliticizing and 'de-civilizing' of online civil society in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates"</a>. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 48 (5): 979–999. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13530194.2020.1737916">10.1080/13530194.2020.1737916</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-0194">1353-0194</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216323924">216323924</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Authoritarianism+in+the+information+age%3A+state+branding%2C+depoliticizing+and+%27de-civilizing%27+of+online+civil+society+in+Saudi+Arabia+and+the+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=979-999&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216323924%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1353-0194&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13530194.2020.1737916&rft.aulast=Uniacke&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F13530194.2020.1737916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Lydia (9 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-first-female-performer-concert-hiba-tawaji-womens-rights-middle-east-a8099646.html">"Saudi Arabia hosts first-ever concert by female performer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210003739/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-first-female-performer-concert-hiba-tawaji-womens-rights-middle-east-a8099646.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+hosts+first-ever+concert+by+female+performer&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-arabia-first-female-performer-concert-hiba-tawaji-womens-rights-middle-east-a8099646.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllyat2018" class="citation news cs1">Ellyat, Holly (18 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/18/saudi-arabia-reopens-movie-theaters-with-black-panther.html">"Saudi Arabia brings back movie theaters — and 'staggering' demand is expected"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143906/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/18/saudi-arabia-reopens-movie-theaters-with-black-panther.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+brings+back+movie+theaters+%E2%80%94+and+%27staggering%27+demand+is+expected&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft.aulast=Ellyat&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F04%2F18%2Fsaudi-arabia-reopens-movie-theaters-with-black-panther.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2017" class="citation news cs1">Reid, David (11 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/11/saudi-arabia-to-open-public-cinemas-for-the-first-time-in-35-years.html">"Saudi Arabia to reopen public cinemas for the first time in 35 years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180125174436/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/11/saudi-arabia-to-open-public-cinemas-for-the-first-time-in-35-years.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+to+reopen+public+cinemas+for+the+first+time+in+35+years&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F12%2F11%2Fsaudi-arabia-to-open-public-cinemas-for-the-first-time-in-35-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsnews.com-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews.com_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews.com_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29/">"Mohammad bin Salman denies ordering Khashoggi murder, but says he takes responsibility for it"</a>. cbsnews.com. 29 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002062740/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Mohammad+bin+Salman+denies+ordering+Khashoggi+murder%2C+but+says+he+takes+responsibility+for+it&rft.date=2019-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmohammad-bin-salman-denies-ordering-khashoggi-murder-but-says-he-takes-responsibility-for-it-60-minutes-2019-09-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/25/saudi-arabia-to-end-flogging-as-a-form-of-punishment">"Saudi Arabia to end flogging as a form of punishment"</a>. The Guardian. 25 April 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429200213/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/25/saudi-arabia-to-end-flogging-as-a-form-of-punishment">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+to+end+flogging+as+a+form+of+punishment&rft.date=2020-04-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fapr%2F25%2Fsaudi-arabia-to-end-flogging-as-a-form-of-punishment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/27/saudi-arabia-ends-death-penalty-for-minors">"Saudi Arabia ends death penalty for crimes committed by minors"</a>. The Guardian. 27 April 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429224448/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/27/saudi-arabia-ends-death-penalty-for-minors">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+ends+death+penalty+for+crimes+committed+by+minors&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fapr%2F27%2Fsaudi-arabia-ends-death-penalty-for-minors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/rights-groups-condemn-saudi-arrests-as-crackdown-on-dissent-idUSKCN1BQ1RR">"Rights groups condemn Saudi arrests as crackdown on dissent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 15 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918005638/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/rights-groups-condemn-saudi-arrests-as-crackdown-on-dissent-idUSKCN1BQ1RR">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Rights+groups+condemn+Saudi+arrests+as+crackdown+on+dissent&rft.date=2017-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-arrests%2Frights-groups-condemn-saudi-arrests-as-crackdown-on-dissent-idUSKCN1BQ1RR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-middleeasteye/22oct2018-144"><a href="#cite_ref-middleeasteye/22oct2018_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232620/https://www.middleeasteye.net/tiger-squad-saudi-hitmen-khashoggi-mbs">"REVEALED: The Saudi death squad MBS uses to silence dissent"</a>. Middle East Eye. 22 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/tiger-squad-saudi-hitmen-khashoggi-mbs">the original</a> on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=REVEALED%3A+The+Saudi+death+squad+MBS+uses+to+silence+dissent&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Ftiger-squad-saudi-hitmen-khashoggi-mbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-middleeasteye/22oct2018-1-145"><a href="#cite_ref-middleeasteye/22oct2018-1_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/saudi-arabia-safe-mohammed-bin-salmans-hands-1784595453">"Is Saudi Arabia safe in Mohammed bin Salman's hands?"</a>. Middle East Eye. 22 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232638/https://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/saudi-arabia-safe-mohammed-bin-salmans-hands-1784595453">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Is+Saudi+Arabia+safe+in+Mohammed+bin+Salman%27s+hands%3F&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fcolumns%2Fsaudi-arabia-safe-mohammed-bin-salmans-hands-1784595453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/saudi-arabia-arrest-of-two-prominent-activists-a-deadly-blow-for-human-rights/">"Saudi Arabia: Arrest of two prominent activists a deadly blow for human rights"</a>. Amnesty International. 18 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214182610/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/saudi-arabia-arrest-of-two-prominent-activists-a-deadly-blow-for-human-rights/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+Arrest+of+two+prominent+activists+a+deadly+blow+for+human+rights&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2017%2F09%2Fsaudi-arabia-arrest-of-two-prominent-activists-a-deadly-blow-for-human-rights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_OmranKerr2017" class="citation news cs1">Al Omran, Ahmed; Kerr, Simon (19 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/9038cb6c-9c51-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946">"Saudi security forces clamp down on dissent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113431/https://www.ft.com/content/9038cb6c-9c51-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+security+forces+clamp+down+on+dissent&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft.aulast=Al+Omran&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F9038cb6c-9c51-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatrawyAl-Shihri2018" class="citation news cs1">Batrawy, Aya; Al-Shihri, Abdullah (3 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-03/saudi-prosecutor-says-17-detained-in-case-against-activists">"Saudi Prosecutor Says 17 Detained in Case Against Activists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>. Riyadh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125855/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-03/saudi-prosecutor-says-17-detained-in-case-against-activists">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Saudi+Prosecutor+Says+17+Detained+in+Case+Against+Activists&rft.date=2018-06-03&rft.aulast=Batrawy&rft.aufirst=Aya&rft.au=Al-Shihri%2C+Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-06-03%2Fsaudi-prosecutor-says-17-detained-in-case-against-activists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indep_May2018_total13-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Indep_May2018_total13_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKernan2018" class="citation news cs1">McKernan, Bethan (23 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-womens-rights-activists-arrests-driving-a8364941.html">"Saudi police arrest three more women's rights activists"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180524083758/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-womens-rights-activists-arrests-driving-a8364941.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+police+arrest+three+more+women%27s+rights+activists&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-arabia-womens-rights-activists-arrests-driving-a8364941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/saudi-arabia-releases-eight-people-held-in-activist-crackdown-idUSKCN1IY0V7">"Saudi Arabia releases eight people held in activist crackdown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Riyadh. 2 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125952/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/saudi-arabia-releases-eight-people-held-in-activist-crackdown-idUSKCN1IY0V7">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+releases+eight+people+held+in+activist+crackdown&rft.date=2018-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-arrests%2Fsaudi-arabia-releases-eight-people-held-in-activist-crackdown-idUSKCN1IY0V7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alFassi_KSU_homepage-151"><a href="#cite_ref-alFassi_KSU_homepage_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Fassi2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hatoon_al-Fassi" title="Hatoon al-Fassi">al-Fassi, Hatoon Ajwad</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110829044804/http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hatoon.alfassi/default.aspx">"Dr Hatoon Ajwad al-Fassi هتون أجواد الفاسي"</a>. <a href="/wiki/King_Saud_University" title="King Saud University">King Saud University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hatoon.alfassi/default.aspx">the original</a> on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Hatoon+Ajwad+al-Fassi+%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A&rft.pub=King+Saud+University&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=al-Fassi&rft.aufirst=Hatoon+Ajwad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.ksu.edu.sa%2Fhatoon.alfassi%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDadouch2018" class="citation news cs1">Dadouch, Sarah (27 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/prominent-saudi-womens-rights-activist-detained-as-driving-ban-lifted-sources-idUSKBN1JN20Y">"Prominent Saudi women's rights activist detained as driving ban lifted: sources"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Riyadh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125919/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/prominent-saudi-womens-rights-activist-detained-as-driving-ban-lifted-sources-idUSKBN1JN20Y">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Prominent+Saudi+women%27s+rights+activist+detained+as+driving+ban+lifted%3A+sources&rft.date=2018-06-27&rft.aulast=Dadouch&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-arrests%2Fprominent-saudi-womens-rights-activist-detained-as-driving-ban-lifted-sources-idUSKBN1JN20Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJE_alFassi_arrest2018-153"><a href="#cite_ref-AJE_alFassi_arrest2018_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/saudis-arrest-women-activist-180627130433127.html">"Saudis arrest another women's right activist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. 27 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627211907/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/saudis-arrest-women-activist-180627130433127.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudis+arrest+another+women%27s+right+activist&rft.date=2018-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F06%2Fsaudis-arrest-women-activist-180627130433127.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-Harrison2018" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma (22 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/22/saudi-arabia-seeks-its-first-death-penalty-against-a-female-human-rights-activist">"Saudi Arabia seeks death penalty against female human rights activist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001223829/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/22/saudi-arabia-seeks-its-first-death-penalty-against-a-female-human-rights-activist">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+seeks+death+penalty+against+female+human+rights+activist&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Faug%2F22%2Fsaudi-arabia-seeks-its-first-death-penalty-against-a-female-human-rights-activist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_155-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45270224">"Saudi Arabia 'seeks death penalty for woman activist'"</a>. BBC News. 22 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823012033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45270224">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+%27seeks+death+penalty+for+woman+activist%27&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-45270224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW_deathpenalty-156"><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_deathpenalty_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/08/21/saudi-prosecution-seeks-death-penalty-female-activist">"Saudi Prosecution Seeks Death Penalty for Female Activist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 21 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823061322/https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/08/21/saudi-prosecution-seeks-death-penalty-female-activist">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Prosecution+Seeks+Death+Penalty+for+Female+Activist&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2018%2F08%2F21%2Fsaudi-prosecution-seeks-death-penalty-female-activist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsweek_deathpen-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_deathpen_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2018" class="citation web cs1">Brennan, David (21 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/who-israa-al-ghomgham-female-saudi-activist-may-be-beheaded-after-death-1083499">"Who Is Israa al-Ghomgham? Female Saudi Activist May Be Beheaded After Death Sentence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824203039/https://www.newsweek.com/who-israa-al-ghomgham-female-saudi-activist-may-be-beheaded-after-death-1083499">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Who+Is+Israa+al-Ghomgham%3F+Female+Saudi+Activist+May+Be+Beheaded+After+Death+Sentence&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fwho-israa-al-ghomgham-female-saudi-activist-may-be-beheaded-after-death-1083499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/contents/afp/2019/06/saudi-unrest-minorities.html">"Saudi gentrifies Shiite old quarter after crushing revolt"</a>. Al-Monitor. 4 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605035257/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/contents/afp/2019/06/saudi-unrest-minorities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+gentrifies+Shiite+old+quarter+after+crushing+revolt&rft.pub=Al-Monitor&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Fcontents%2Fafp%2F2019%2F06%2Fsaudi-unrest-minorities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/08/14/jailed-saudi-activist-was-told-she-would-be-released-if-she-denied-being-tortured-her-family-says-she-refused/?noredirect">"A jailed Saudi activist was told she would be released if she denied being tortured, her family says. She refused"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200102031416/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/08/14/jailed-saudi-activist-was-told-she-would-be-released-if-she-denied-being-tortured-her-family-says-she-refused/?noredirect">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+jailed+Saudi+activist+was+told+she+would+be+released+if+she+denied+being+tortured%2C+her+family+says.+She+refused.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2F08%2F14%2Fjailed-saudi-activist-was-told-she-would-be-released-if-she-denied-being-tortured-her-family-says-she-refused%2F%3Fnoredirect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will">"Saudi Arabia will finally allow women to drive"</a>. The Economist. 27 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928012726/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+will+finally+allow+women+to+drive&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21729749-next-abolish-male-guardianship-last-saudi-women-will-be-allowed-take-wheel">"At last Saudi women will be allowed to take the wheel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 30 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929140200/https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21729749-next-abolish-male-guardianship-last-saudi-women-will-be-allowed-take-wheel">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=At+last+Saudi+women+will+be+allowed+to+take+the+wheel&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fleaders%2F21729749-next-abolish-male-guardianship-last-saudi-women-will-be-allowed-take-wheel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alRasheed_second_victory-162"><a href="#cite_ref-alRasheed_second_victory_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Rasheed2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Madawi_al-Rasheed" title="Madawi al-Rasheed">al-Rasheed, Madawi</a> (2 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/02/saudi-arabia-women-travel-consent-rights-feminist-movement">"Saudi women can now travel without consent – but this progress is fragile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802195503/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/02/saudi-arabia-women-travel-consent-rights-feminist-movement">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+women+can+now+travel+without+consent+%E2%80%93+but+this+progress+is+fragile&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=al-Rasheed&rft.aufirst=Madawi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2019%2Faug%2F02%2Fsaudi-arabia-women-travel-consent-rights-feminist-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-01/saudi-to-allow-women-to-travel-without-permission-okaz-says?srnd=markets-vp">"Saudi Arabia Gives Women Travel Rights in Major Policy Shakeup"</a>. bloomberg.com. 1 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904075740/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-01/saudi-to-allow-women-to-travel-without-permission-okaz-says?srnd=markets-vp">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Gives+Women+Travel+Rights+in+Major+Policy+Shakeup&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-08-01%2Fsaudi-to-allow-women-to-travel-without-permission-okaz-says%3Fsrnd%3Dmarkets-vp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessie_Yeung_and_Hamdi_Alkhshali" class="citation news cs1">Jessie Yeung and Hamdi Alkhshali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/02/middleeast/saudi-women-travel-passport-intl-hnk/index.html">"Saudi Arabian women finally allowed to hold passports and travel independently"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802081449/https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/02/middleeast/saudi-women-travel-passport-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabian+women+finally+allowed+to+hold+passports+and+travel+independently&rft.au=Jessie+Yeung+and+Hamdi+Alkhshali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F08%2F02%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-women-travel-passport-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/02/18/Saudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html">"Saudi women to start own business without male permission"</a>. Al Arabiya. 18 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104139/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/02/18/Saudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+women+to+start+own+business+without+male+permission&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2018-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fgulf%2F2018%2F02%2F18%2FSaudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/12/middleeast/saudi-arabia-custody-law-intl/index.html">"Divorced Saudi women win right to get custody of children"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322052156/https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/12/middleeast/saudi-arabia-custody-law-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Divorced+Saudi+women+win+right+to+get+custody+of+children&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F03%2F12%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-arabia-custody-law-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-bourse-chairman/saudi-stock-exchange-appoints-first-female-chair-idUSL8N1G15NI">"Saudi stock exchange appoints first female chair"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104746/https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-bourse-chairman/saudi-stock-exchange-appoints-first-female-chair-idUSL8N1G15NI">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+stock+exchange+appoints+first+female+chair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fsaudi-bourse-chairman%2Fsaudi-stock-exchange-appoints-first-female-chair-idUSL8N1G15NI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/saudi-arabia-stock-exchange-first-female-chief-sarah-al-suhaimi-bourse-investiment-bank-nbc-capital-a7590231.html">"Saudi Stock Exchange appoints first female chief in history of the kingdom"</a>. Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331174909/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/saudi-arabia-stock-exchange-first-female-chief-sarah-al-suhaimi-bourse-investiment-bank-nbc-capital-a7590231.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Saudi+Stock+Exchange+appoints+first+female+chief+in+history+of+the+kingdom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fsaudi-arabia-stock-exchange-first-female-chief-sarah-al-suhaimi-bourse-investiment-bank-nbc-capital-a7590231.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummer_SaidJustin_ScheckWarrenStrobel" class="citation news cs1">Summer Said; Justin Scheck; WarrenStrobel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/top-saudi-royal-family-members-detained-11583531033?emailToken=5b0e1876a7b137483b941197c6de2ed5oziXF4Y4uvOPAmtJctE7wg6ZeWQedU6ZmwH8r+IVYtgCoOKtMLJQcYvpxAsLl82gTLFT3ptRvKYbAyx2haJ72EjK0Np/iBbYz9HX3C67MW8%3D&reflink=article_copyURL_share">"Top Saudi Royal Family Members Detained"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210330222422/https://www.wsj.com/articles/top-saudi-royal-family-members-detained-11583531033?emailToken=5b0e1876a7b137483b941197c6de2ed5oziXF4Y4uvOPAmtJctE7wg6ZeWQedU6ZmwH8r+IVYtgCoOKtMLJQcYvpxAsLl82gTLFT3ptRvKYbAyx2haJ72EjK0Np%2FiBbYz9HX3C67MW8%3D&reflink=article_copyURL_share">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Top+Saudi+Royal+Family+Members+Detained&rft.au=Summer+Said&rft.au=Justin+Scheck&rft.au=WarrenStrobel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftop-saudi-royal-family-members-detained-11583531033%3FemailToken%3D5b0e1876a7b137483b941197c6de2ed5oziXF4Y4uvOPAmtJctE7wg6ZeWQedU6ZmwH8r%2BIVYtgCoOKtMLJQcYvpxAsLl82gTLFT3ptRvKYbAyx2haJ72EjK0Np%2FiBbYz9HX3C67MW8%253D%26reflink%3Darticle_copyURL_share&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelley2021" class="citation news cs1">Pelley, Scott (24 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammed-bin-salman-alleged-plot-saad-aljabri-60-minutes-2021-10-24/">"Former Saudi official calls Mohammed bin Salman a "psychopath," says Saudi crown prince fears what he knows"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164247/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mohammed-bin-salman-alleged-plot-saad-aljabri-60-minutes-2021-10-24/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Former+Saudi+official+calls+Mohammed+bin+Salman+a+%22psychopath%2C%22+says+Saudi+crown+prince+fears+what+he+knows&rft.date=2021-10-24&rft.aulast=Pelley&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-alleged-plot-saad-aljabri-60-minutes-2021-10-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-59032931">"Saudi crown prince suggested killing King Abdullah, ex-official says"</a>. BBC News. 25 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025162918/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-59032931">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+suggested+killing+King+Abdullah%2C+ex-official+says&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-59032931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/11/trump-yemen-saudi-arabi-war-us-involvement-worsening-crisis">"The war in Yemen is disastrous. America is only making things worse"</a>. The Guardian. 11 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020065355/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/11/trump-yemen-saudi-arabi-war-us-involvement-worsening-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+war+in+Yemen+is+disastrous.+America+is+only+making+things+worse&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2018%2Fjun%2F11%2Ftrump-yemen-saudi-arabi-war-us-involvement-worsening-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5231166/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-yemen/">"Saudi Crown Prince Aids Yemen as He Hits It With Airstrikes"</a>. Time. 6 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426123506/http://time.com/5231166/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-yemen/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Aids+Yemen+as+He+Hits+It+With+Airstrikes&rft.date=2018-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5231166%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-yemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lfpress.com/2017/02/08/risk-taking-saudi-prince-gambling-with-stability">"Risk-taking Saudi prince gambling with stability"</a>. London Free Press. 8 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814222814/http://www.lfpress.com/2017/02/08/risk-taking-saudi-prince-gambling-with-stability">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Risk-taking+Saudi+prince+gambling+with+stability&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flfpress.com%2F2017%2F02%2F08%2Frisk-taking-saudi-prince-gambling-with-stability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westernleaders-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Westernleaders_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-has-western-leaders-very-worried/news-story/5d6353c6a5c01191a56601a36e48a8f6">"Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman has Western leaders very worried"</a>. News. 13 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160725093050/http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-has-western-leaders-very-worried/news-story/5d6353c6a5c01191a56601a36e48a8f6">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+has+Western+leaders+very+worried&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ffinance%2Fwork%2Fleaders%2Fsaudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-has-western-leaders-very-worried%2Fnews-story%2F5d6353c6a5c01191a56601a36e48a8f6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2018" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Nic (21 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html">"Mohammed bin Salman is on a make or break mission"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831180202/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+is+on+a+make+or+break+mission&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Nic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F06%2F21%2Fopinions%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30936940">"Yemen crisis: President resigns as rebels tighten hold"</a>. BBC. 23 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820035318/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30936940">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+crisis%3A+President+resigns+as+rebels+tighten+hold&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-30936940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarapico2015" class="citation news cs1">Carapico, Sheila (25 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html">"Yemen on brink as Gulf Co-operation Council initiative fails"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831180202/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+on+brink+as+Gulf+Co-operation+Council+initiative+fails&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft.aulast=Carapico&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F06%2F21%2Fopinions%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaghavan2018" class="citation news cs1">Raghavan, Sudarsan (29 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/yemen-us-arms-sales-deaths-saudi-arabia-raqah-wedding-a8465301.html">"US allies have killed thousands of Yemenis – including 22 at a wedding"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730015138/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/yemen-us-arms-sales-deaths-saudi-arabia-raqah-wedding-a8465301.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=US+allies+have+killed+thousands+of+Yemenis+%E2%80%93+including+22+at+a+wedding&rft.date=2018-07-29&rft.aulast=Raghavan&rft.aufirst=Sudarsan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flong_reads%2Fyemen-us-arms-sales-deaths-saudi-arabia-raqah-wedding-a8465301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16078400.Saudi_Arabia_accused_of_Yemen_war_crimes_as_crown_prince_completes_UK_visit/">"Saudi Arabia accused of Yemen war crimes as crown prince completes UK visit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald</a>. 10 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020140522/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16078400.Saudi_Arabia_accused_of_Yemen_war_crimes_as_crown_prince_completes_UK_visit/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+accused+of+Yemen+war+crimes+as+crown+prince+completes+UK+visit&rft.date=2018-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2F16078400.Saudi_Arabia_accused_of_Yemen_war_crimes_as_crown_prince_completes_UK_visit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacAskill2016" class="citation web cs1">MacAskill, Ewen (27 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/27/un-report-into-saudi-led-strikes-in-yemen-raises-questions-over-uk-role">"UN report into Saudi-led strikes in Yemen raises questions over UK role"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202230721/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/27/un-report-into-saudi-led-strikes-in-yemen-raises-questions-over-uk-role">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN+report+into+Saudi-led+strikes+in+Yemen+raises+questions+over+UK+role&rft.date=2016-01-27&rft.aulast=MacAskill&rft.aufirst=Ewen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjan%2F27%2Fun-report-into-saudi-led-strikes-in-yemen-raises-questions-over-uk-role&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/27/yemen-hospital-hit-by-saudi-led-airstrikes">Airstrikes hit Médecins Sans Frontières hospital in Yemen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229215656/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/27/yemen-hospital-hit-by-saudi-led-airstrikes">Archived</a> 29 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The Guardian. 27 October 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulEl_Gamal2017" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Katie; El Gamal, Rania (19 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-blast/saudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-missile-fired-toward-riyadh-no-reported-casualties-idUSKBN1ED17Y">"Saudi Arabia intercepts Houthi missile fired toward Riyadh; no reported casualties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Riyadh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001204610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-blast/saudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-missile-fired-toward-riyadh-no-reported-casualties-idUSKBN1ED17Y">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+intercepts+Houthi+missile+fired+toward+Riyadh%3B+no+reported+casualties&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=El+Gamal%2C+Rania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-blast%2Fsaudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-missile-fired-toward-riyadh-no-reported-casualties-idUSKBN1ED17Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/12/639842-over-130-civilians-killed-11-days-airstrikes-yemen-reports-un-rights-office">"Over 130 civilians killed in 11 days in airstrikes in Yemen, reports UN rights office"</a>. United Nations. 19 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927071353/https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/12/639842-over-130-civilians-killed-11-days-airstrikes-yemen-reports-un-rights-office">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Over+130+civilians+killed+in+11+days+in+airstrikes+in+Yemen%2C+reports+UN+rights+office&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2017%2F12%2F639842-over-130-civilians-killed-11-days-airstrikes-yemen-reports-un-rights-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVonbergElbagir2018" class="citation news cs1">Vonberg, Judith; Elbagir, Nima (28 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/28/middleeast/un-yemen-report-intl/index.html">"All sides in Yemen conflict could be guilty of war crimes, says UN"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830035133/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/28/middleeast/un-yemen-report-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=All+sides+in+Yemen+conflict+could+be+guilty+of+war+crimes%2C+says+UN&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft.aulast=Vonberg&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.au=Elbagir%2C+Nima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F08%2F28%2Fmiddleeast%2Fun-yemen-report-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kristof1-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kristof1_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kristof1_186-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristof2017" class="citation news cs1">Kristof, Nicholas (31 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html">"The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180524030043/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Photos+the+U.S.+and+Saudi+Arabia+Don%27t+Want+You+to+See&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Kristof&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F08%2F31%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fyemen-famine-cholera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKara_Fox" class="citation news cs1">Kara Fox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/20/middleeast/yemen-children-starvation-death-intl/index.html">"85,000 children under 5 may have died of starvation in Yemen war"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607231509/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/20/middleeast/yemen-children-starvation-death-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=85%2C000+children+under+5+may+have+died+of+starvation+in+Yemen+war&rft.au=Kara+Fox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F11%2F20%2Fmiddleeast%2Fyemen-children-starvation-death-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2017" class="citation web cs1">Wintour, Patrick (16 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/lift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis">"Saudis must lift Yemen blockade or 'untold' thousands will die, UN agencies warn"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223122733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/lift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudis+must+lift+Yemen+blockade+or+%27untold%27+thousands+will+die%2C+UN+agencies+warn&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fnov%2F16%2Flift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html">"50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. 16 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101121003/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=50%2C000+children+in+Yemen+have+died+of+starvation+and+disease+so+far+this+year%2C+monitoring+group+says&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/is-yemen-intentional-starvation-the-future-of-war">"Is Intentional Starvation the Future of War?"</a>. The New Yorker. 11 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020095021/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/is-yemen-intentional-starvation-the-future-of-war">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Is+Intentional+Starvation+the+Future+of+War%3F&rft.date=2018-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fis-yemen-intentional-starvation-the-future-of-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-saudi-blockade/">"In blocking arms to Yemen, Saudi Arabia squeezes a starving population"</a>. Reuters. 11 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215113803/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-saudi-blockade/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+blocking+arms+to+Yemen%2C+Saudi+Arabia+squeezes+a+starving+population&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fyemen-saudi-blockade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiseGrande_worldworstfamine100yrs-192"><a href="#cite_ref-LiseGrande_worldworstfamine100yrs_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers2018" class="citation news cs1">Summers, Hannah (15 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un">"Yemen on brink of 'world's worst famine in 100 years' if war continues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021225252/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yemen+on+brink+of+%27world%27s+worst+famine+in+100+years%27+if+war+continues&rft.date=2018-10-15&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2018%2Foct%2F15%2Fyemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/03/1006131">"UN receives nearly $1 billion from Saudi Arabia and UAE for humanitarian response to Yemen crisis"</a>. United Nations. 28 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180329150702/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/03/1006131">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+receives+nearly+%241+billion+from+Saudi+Arabia+and+UAE+for+humanitarian+response+to+Yemen+crisis&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2018%2F03%2F1006131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/19/saudi-led-coalition-says-intercepts-ballistic-missile-over-riyadh--al-arabiya-tv.html">"Saudi Arabia says it intercepts Houthi missile fired toward Riyadh, no reported damage"</a>. CNBC. 19 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903203348/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/19/saudi-led-coalition-says-intercepts-ballistic-missile-over-riyadh--al-arabiya-tv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+says+it+intercepts+Houthi+missile+fired+toward+Riyadh%2C+no+reported+damage&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F12%2F19%2Fsaudi-led-coalition-says-intercepts-ballistic-missile-over-riyadh--al-arabiya-tv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Thornberry2018" class="citation web cs1">Emily Thornberry (7 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/07/saudi-arabia-arms-sales-yemen">"Britain's red carpet for the Saudi ruler is shameless"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123131157/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/07/saudi-arabia-arms-sales-yemen">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+red+carpet+for+the+Saudi+ruler+is+shameless&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.au=Emily+Thornberry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2018%2Fmar%2F07%2Fsaudi-arabia-arms-sales-yemen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/menendez-and-graham-announce-resolution-on-saudi-arabia-in-wake-of-khashoggi-killing">"Menendez and Graham announce resolution on Saudi Arabia in wake of Khashoggi killing"</a>. Fox News Channel. 12 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213000038/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/menendez-and-graham-announce-resolution-on-saudi-arabia-in-wake-of-khashoggi-killing">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News+Channel&rft.atitle=Menendez+and+Graham+announce+resolution+on+Saudi+Arabia+in+wake+of+Khashoggi+killing&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmenendez-and-graham-announce-resolution-on-saudi-arabia-in-wake-of-khashoggi-killing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inews-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inews_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inews_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/long-reads/jeremy-hunt-and-boris-johnson-accused-of-central-role-in-arming-saudi-arabia-as-uks-relationship-with-riyadh-reaches-crossroads/">"Jeremy Hunt and Boris Johnson accused of 'central role' in arming Saudi Arabia as UK's relationship with Riyadh reaches crossroads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">iNews</a>. 5 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190715140045/https://inews.co.uk/news/long-reads/jeremy-hunt-and-boris-johnson-accused-of-central-role-in-arming-saudi-arabia-as-uks-relationship-with-riyadh-reaches-crossroads/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=iNews&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Hunt+and+Boris+Johnson+accused+of+%27central+role%27+in+arming+Saudi+Arabia+as+UK%27s+relationship+with+Riyadh+reaches+crossroads&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flong-reads%2Fjeremy-hunt-and-boris-johnson-accused-of-central-role-in-arming-saudi-arabia-as-uks-relationship-with-riyadh-reaches-crossroads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-hunt-campaign-funded-by-saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-ally-2019-7">"Jeremy Hunt's bid for prime minister is being funded by a close ally of Saudi prince Mohammed Bin Salman"</a>. Business Insider. 5 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814014920/https://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-hunt-campaign-funded-by-saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-ally-2019-7">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Hunt%27s+bid+for+prime+minister+is+being+funded+by+a+close+ally+of+Saudi+prince+Mohammed+Bin+Salman&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjeremy-hunt-campaign-funded-by-saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-ally-2019-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2015" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Desmond (7 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508173130/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/07/turkey-saudi-arabia-syria-rebels-pact_n_7232750.html">"Turkey Officials Confirm Pact With Saudi Arabia To Help Rebels Fighting Syria's Assad"</a>. Huffington Post. AP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/07/turkey-saudi-arabia-syria-rebels-pact_n_7232750.html">the original</a> on 8 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+Officials+Confirm+Pact+With+Saudi+Arabia+To+Help+Rebels+Fighting+Syria%27s+Assad&rft.date=2015-05-07&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F05%2F07%2Fturkey-saudi-arabia-syria-rebels-pact_n_7232750.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/16/saudi-strongman-encouraged-russia-syria-intervention-lawsuit-claims">"Saudi strongman 'encouraged' Russia intervention in Syria, lawsuit claims"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816113212/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/16/saudi-strongman-encouraged-russia-syria-intervention-lawsuit-claims">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+strongman+%27encouraged%27+Russia+intervention+in+Syria%2C+lawsuit+claims&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Faug%2F16%2Fsaudi-strongman-encouraged-russia-syria-intervention-lawsuit-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-arms/arms-supplied-by-u-s-saudi-ended-up-with-islamic-state-researchers-say-idUSKBN1E82EQ">"Arms supplied by U.S., Saudi ended up with Islamic State, researchers say"</a>. Reuters. 14 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214180424/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-arms/arms-supplied-by-u-s-saudi-ended-up-with-islamic-state-researchers-say-idUSKBN1E82EQ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Arms+supplied+by+U.S.%2C+Saudi+ended+up+with+Islamic+State%2C+researchers+say&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-iraq-arms%2Farms-supplied-by-u-s-saudi-ended-up-with-islamic-state-researchers-say-idUSKBN1E82EQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5222746/saudi-crown-prince-donald-trump-syria/">"Saudi Crown Prince Says U.S. Troops Should Stay in Syria"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011173758/http://time.com/5222746/saudi-crown-prince-donald-trump-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Says+U.S.+Troops+Should+Stay+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5222746%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-donald-trump-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/19/analysis-how-important-is-syrias-return-to-the-arab-league">"Analysis: How important is Syria's return to the Arab League?"</a>. Al Jazeera. 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+How+important+is+Syria%27s+return+to+the+Arab+League%3F&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F19%2Fanalysis-how-important-is-syrias-return-to-the-arab-league&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-attend-arab-summit-bringing-regional-isolation-an-end-2023-05-19/">"Syria's Assad wins warm welcome at Arab summit after years of isolation"</a>. Reuters. 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Syria%27s+Assad+wins+warm+welcome+at+Arab+summit+after+years+of+isolation&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsyrias-assad-attend-arab-summit-bringing-regional-isolation-an-end-2023-05-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jstreet.org/experts-speak-trumps-jerusalem-move/#.XYFUQmYzWUl">"Who's Speaking Out Against Trump's Jerusalem Move"</a>. J Street. 12 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707165017/https://jstreet.org/experts-speak-trumps-jerusalem-move/#.XYFUQmYzWUl">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Street&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Speaking+Out+Against+Trump%27s+Jerusalem+Move&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjstreet.org%2Fexperts-speak-trumps-jerusalem-move%2F%23.XYFUQmYzWUl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-prince-israel/saudi-crown-prince-says-israelis-have-right-to-their-own-land-idUSKCN1H91SQ">"Saudi crown prince says Israelis have right to their own land"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 3 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021921/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-prince-israel/saudi-crown-prince-says-israelis-have-right-to-their-own-land-idUSKCN1H91SQ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+says+Israelis+have+right+to+their+own+land&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-prince-israel%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-says-israelis-have-right-to-their-own-land-idUSKCN1H91SQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/saudi-crown-prince-recognizes-israels-right-to-exist-talks-up-future-ties/">"Saudi crown prince recognizes Israel's right to exist, talks up future ties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625214415/https://www.timesofisrael.com/saudi-crown-prince-recognizes-israels-right-to-exist-talks-up-future-ties/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+recognizes+Israel%27s+right+to+exist%2C+talks+up+future+ties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-recognizes-israels-right-to-exist-talks-up-future-ties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2018" class="citation news cs1">Goldberg, Jeffrey (2 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/">"Saudi Crown Prince: Iran's Supreme Leader 'Makes Hitler Look Good"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624213648/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince%3A+Iran%27s+Supreme+Leader+%27Makes+Hitler+Look+Good&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2018%2F04%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel%2F557036%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saudi-arabia-israel-west-bank-jordan-valley-1.5278863">"UN condemns Israeli PM's West Bank annexation plans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. 11 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911210919/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saudi-arabia-israel-west-bank-jordan-valley-1.5278863">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+condemns+Israeli+PM%27s+West+Bank+annexation+plans&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-arabia-israel-west-bank-jordan-valley-1.5278863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFאייכנרבלומנטל2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">אייכנר, איתמר; בלומנטל, איתי (23 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/HknwxRu9D">"נתניהו המריא לסעודיה ונפגש בחשאי עם יורש העצר בן סלמאן"</a>. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90+%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A9+%D7%91%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%9D+%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A8+%D7%91%D7%9F+%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft.aulast=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A8&rft.aufirst=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8&rft.au=%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%9C%2C+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FHknwxRu9D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNissenbaumLieberKalin2023" class="citation news cs1">Nissenbaum, Dion; Lieber, Dov; Kalin, Stephen (9 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-seeks-u-s-security-pledges-nuclear-help-for-peace-with-israel-cd47baaf">"Saudi Arabia Seeks U.S. Security Pledges, Nuclear Help for Peace With Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Seeks+U.S.+Security+Pledges%2C+Nuclear+Help+for+Peace+With+Israel&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.aulast=Nissenbaum&rft.aufirst=Dion&rft.au=Lieber%2C+Dov&rft.au=Kalin%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudi-arabia-seeks-u-s-security-pledges-nuclear-help-for-peace-with-israel-cd47baaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2023/9/20/saudi-crown-prince-mbs-says-israel-normalisation-getting-closer">"Saudi Crown Prince MBS says Israel normalisation getting 'closer'"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+MBS+says+Israel+normalisation+getting+%27closer%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2F2023%2F9%2F20%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-mbs-says-israel-normalisation-getting-closer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2023/11/21/Saudi-Crown-Prince-calls-on-all-countries-to-stop-arms-exports-to-Israel">"Saudi Crown Prince calls on all countries to stop arms exports to Israel"</a>. Al Arabiya. 21 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+calls+on+all+countries+to+stop+arms+exports+to+Israel&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fsaudi-arabia%2F2023%2F11%2F21%2FSaudi-Crown-Prince-calls-on-all-countries-to-stop-arms-exports-to-Israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jns.org/saudi-crown-prince-says-he-doesnt-care-about-palestinian-issue/">"Saudi crown prince says he doesn't care about 'Palestinian issue'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_News_Syndicate" title="Jewish News Syndicate">Jewish News Syndicate</a>. 29 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+News+Syndicate&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+says+he+doesn%27t+care+about+%27Palestinian+issue%27&rft.date=2024-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jns.org%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-says-he-doesnt-care-about-palestinian-issue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEE27Sept24-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MEE27Sept24_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEE27Sept24_215-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-crown-prince-personally-doesnt-care-palestine-issue">"Saudi crown prince said he personally 'doesn't care' about Palestinian issue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+said+he+personally+%27doesn%27t+care%27+about+Palestinian+issue&rft.date=2024-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-personally-doesnt-care-palestine-issue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1852371">"Israel deal concerns lead Saudi Arabia's MBS to 'fear for his life'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a>. 15 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Israel+deal+concerns+lead+Saudi+Arabia%27s+MBS+to+%27fear+for+his+life%27&rft.date=2024-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1852371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240919-saudi-crown-prince-says-no-israel-ties-without-palestinian-state">"Saudi crown prince says no Israel ties without Palestinian state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+says+no+Israel+ties+without+Palestinian+state&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240919-saudi-crown-prince-says-no-israel-ties-without-palestinian-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2173820">"On Behalf of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, HRH the Crown Prince Inaugurates First Year of Ninth Session of Shura Council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Press_Agency" title="Saudi Press Agency">Saudi Press Agency</a>. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Press+Agency&rft.atitle=On+Behalf+of+the+Custodian+of+the+Two+Holy+Mosques%2C+HRH+the+Crown+Prince+Inaugurates+First+Year+of+Ninth+Session+of+Shura+Council&rft.date=2024-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spa.gov.sa%2Fen%2FN2173820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/at-riyadh-summit-saudi-crown-prince-backs-iran-accuses-israel-of-genocide/">"At Riyadh summit, Saudi crown prince backs Iran, accuses Israel of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. 11 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=At+Riyadh+summit%2C+Saudi+crown+prince+backs+Iran%2C+accuses+Israel+of+genocide&rft.date=2024-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fat-riyadh-summit-saudi-crown-prince-backs-iran-accuses-israel-of-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardnerKhalil2024" class="citation web cs1">Gardner, Frank; Khalil, Hafsa (11 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8x5570514o">"Saudi crown prince says Israel committing 'genocide' in Gaza"</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+says+Israel+committing+%27genocide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-11-11&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Khalil%2C+Hafsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcp8x5570514o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalem2024" class="citation web cs1">Salem, Mostafa (12 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/12/middleeast/saudi-mbs-accuses-israel-genocide-gaza-intl/index.html">"Saudi crown prince accuses Israel of committing 'collective genocide' in Gaza"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 22 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+accuses+Israel+of+committing+%27collective+genocide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-11-12&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.aufirst=Mostafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F11%2F12%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-mbs-accuses-israel-genocide-gaza-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_222-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlippenstein2022" class="citation web cs1">Klippenstein, Ken (23 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2022/02/23/ukraine-russia-gas-prices-saudi-arabia-biden/">"Saudi-Russia Collusion Is Driving Up Gas Prices — and Worsening Ukraine Crisis"</a>. The Intercept. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223232809/https://theintercept.com/2022/02/23/ukraine-russia-gas-prices-saudi-arabia-biden/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Saudi-Russia+Collusion+Is+Driving+Up+Gas+Prices+%E2%80%94+and+Worsening+Ukraine+Crisis&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Klippenstein&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2022%2F02%2F23%2Fukraine-russia-gas-prices-saudi-arabia-biden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-223"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrAl-AtrushEngland2022" class="citation news cs1">Kerr, Simeon; Al-Atrush, Samer; England, Andrew (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5e3b0998-705f-46c4-8010-9972b3c8a847">"Gulf states' neutrality on Ukraine reflect deeper Russian ties"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.ft.com/content/5e3b0998-705f-46c4-8010-9972b3c8a847">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Gulf+states%27+neutrality+on+Ukraine+reflect+deeper+Russian+ties&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Simeon&rft.au=Al-Atrush%2C+Samer&rft.au=England%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F5e3b0998-705f-46c4-8010-9972b3c8a847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228182656/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/28/un-security-council-extends-yemen-arms-embargo-to-all-houthis">"UN Security Council extends Yemen arms embargo to all Houthis"</a>. Al Jazeera. 28 February 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/28/un-security-council-extends-yemen-arms-embargo-to-all-houthis">the original</a> on 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+Security+Council+extends+Yemen+arms+embargo+to+all+Houthis&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F2%2F28%2Fun-security-council-extends-yemen-arms-embargo-to-all-houthis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2022" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, Michelle (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513210837/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-security-council-imposes-arms-embargo-yemens-houthi-group-2022-02-28/">"U.N. arms embargo imposed on Yemen's Houthis amid vote questions"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-security-council-imposes-arms-embargo-yemens-houthi-group-2022-02-28/">the original</a> on 13 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.N.+arms+embargo+imposed+on+Yemen%27s+Houthis+amid+vote+questions&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fun-security-council-imposes-arms-embargo-yemens-houthi-group-2022-02-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/how-could-the-ukraine-crisis-affect-the-middle-east/a-60802745">"How could the Ukraine crisis affect the Middle East? | DW | 16 February 2022"</a>. Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216200800/https://www.dw.com/en/how-could-the-ukraine-crisis-affect-the-middle-east/a-60802745">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=How+could+the+Ukraine+crisis+affect+the+Middle+East%3F+%7C+DW+%7C+16+February+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fhow-could-the-ukraine-crisis-affect-the-middle-east%2Fa-60802745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulov2022" class="citation news cs1">Chulov, Martin (5 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221008173319/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/05/putin-mohammed-bin-salman-russia-saudi-arabia-deepen-ties">"Putin and the prince: fears in west as Russia and Saudi Arabia deepen ties"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/05/putin-mohammed-bin-salman-russia-saudi-arabia-deepen-ties">the original</a> on 8 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Putin+and+the+prince%3A+fears+in+west+as+Russia+and+Saudi+Arabia+deepen+ties&rft.date=2022-10-05&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Foct%2F05%2Fputin-mohammed-bin-salman-russia-saudi-arabia-deepen-ties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131084237/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-saudi-crown-prince-discuss-opec-cooperation-maintain-price-stability-2023-01-30/">"Putin and Saudi crown prince discuss OPEC+ cooperation to maintain price stability -Kremlin"</a>. Reuters. 30 January 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-saudi-crown-prince-discuss-opec-cooperation-maintain-price-stability-2023-01-30/">the original</a> on 31 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+and+Saudi+crown+prince+discuss+OPEC%2B+cooperation+to+maintain+price+stability+-Kremlin&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-saudi-crown-prince-discuss-opec-cooperation-maintain-price-stability-2023-01-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabbagh2022" class="citation news cs1">Sabbagh, Dan (22 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924142248/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/21/aiden-aslin-among-five-uk-nationals-released-by-russian-backed-forces">"Aiden Aslin among 10 international 'prisoners of war' released by Russian authorities"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/21/aiden-aslin-among-five-uk-nationals-released-by-russian-backed-forces">the original</a> on 24 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Aiden+Aslin+among+10+international+%27prisoners+of+war%27+released+by+Russian+authorities&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft.aulast=Sabbagh&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fsep%2F21%2Faiden-aslin-among-five-uk-nationals-released-by-russian-backed-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410161817/https://russiaeu.ru/en/news/concept-foreign-policy-russian-federation">"The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation"</a>. Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the European Union. 1 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russiaeu.ru/en/news/concept-foreign-policy-russian-federation">the original</a> on 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Permanent+Mission+of+the+Russian+Federation+to+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+the+Foreign+Policy+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussiaeu.ru%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fconcept-foreign-policy-russian-federation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20231206-russia-s-putin-meets-leaders-of-saudi-arabia-uae-on-whistle-stop-gulf-tour">"Russia's Putin meets leaders of Saudi Arabia, UAE on whistle-stop Gulf tour"</a>. France 24. 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Putin+meets+leaders+of+Saudi+Arabia%2C+UAE+on+whistle-stop+Gulf+tour&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20231206-russia-s-putin-meets-leaders-of-saudi-arabia-uae-on-whistle-stop-gulf-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/03/iran-mbs-egypt-visit-triangle-evil-salman-reaction-turkey.html">"Iran dismisses Saudi talk of 'triangle of evil' as 'childish'"</a>. Al-Monitor. 8 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311231041/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/03/iran-mbs-egypt-visit-triangle-evil-salman-reaction-turkey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Iran+dismisses+Saudi+talk+of+%27triangle+of+evil%27+as+%27childish%27&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2018%2F03%2Firan-mbs-egypt-visit-triangle-evil-salman-reaction-turkey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turkeyqatar-233">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turkeyqatar_233-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turkeyqatar_233-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-turkey/saudi-prince-says-turkey-part-of-triangle-of-evil-egyptian-media-idUSKCN1GJ1WW">"Saudi prince says Turkey part of 'triangle of evil': Egyptian media"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 7 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230405/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-turkey/saudi-prince-says-turkey-part-of-triangle-of-evil-egyptian-media-idUSKCN1GJ1WW">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+prince+says+Turkey+part+of+%27triangle+of+evil%27%3A+Egyptian+media&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-turkey%2Fsaudi-prince-says-turkey-part-of-triangle-of-evil-egyptian-media-idUSKCN1GJ1WW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/22/turkey-mohammed-bin-salman-erdogan-state-visit">"Saudi crown prince visits Turkey as relations thaw after Khashoggi murder"</a>. The Guardian. 22 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+visits+Turkey+as+relations+thaw+after+Khashoggi+murder&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fjun%2F22%2Fturkey-mohammed-bin-salman-erdogan-state-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-AtrushSamsonEngland2023" class="citation news cs1">Al-Atrush, Samer; Samson, Adam; England, Andrew (18 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/23691b9d-b395-4333-84c0-f09a24e12a27">"Saudi Arabia agrees deal to buy Turkish drones"</a>. Financial Times. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+agrees+deal+to+buy+Turkish+drones&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft.aulast=Al-Atrush&rft.aufirst=Samer&rft.au=Samson%2C+Adam&rft.au=England%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F23691b9d-b395-4333-84c0-f09a24e12a27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_236-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzettiBergmanKirkpatrick2018" class="citation news cs1">Mazzetti, Mark; Bergman, Ronen; Kirkpatrick, David D. (19 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html">"Trump Jr. and Other Aides Met With Gulf Emissary Offering Help to Win Election"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203212730/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Jr.+and+Other+Aides+Met+With+Gulf+Emissary+Offering+Help+to+Win+Election&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mazzetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Bergman%2C+Ronen&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+David+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F05%2F19%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-election-idUSKCN1IK0S1">"Trump Jr. met Gulf princes' emissary in 2016 who offered campaign help"</a>. Reuters. 19 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403040902/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-election-idUSKCN1IK0S1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+Jr.+met+Gulf+princes%27+emissary+in+2016+who+offered+campaign+help&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-election-idUSKCN1IK0S1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kushner-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kushner_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kushner_238-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/world/middleeast/saudi-mbs-jared-kushner.html">"The Wooing of Jared Kushner: How the Saudis Got a Friend in the White House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 8 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151327/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/world/middleeast/saudi-mbs-jared-kushner.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Wooing+of+Jared+Kushner%3A+How+the+Saudis+Got+a+Friend+in+the+White+House&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F08%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-mbs-jared-kushner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/saudi-arabia-trump-iran-riyadh-salman/527463/">"Saudi Arabia Has High Hopes for Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. 20 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115332/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/saudi-arabia-trump-iran-riyadh-salman/527463/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Has+High+Hopes+for+Trump&rft.date=2017-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2017%2F05%2Fsaudi-arabia-trump-iran-riyadh-salman%2F527463%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/put-man-top-trump-mbs-book-claims-180105124054629.html">"'We put our man on top', Trump said on MBS, book claims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al-Jazeera</a>. 5 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404125246/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/put-man-top-trump-mbs-book-claims-180105124054629.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27We+put+our+man+on+top%27%2C+Trump+said+on+MBS%2C+book+claims&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F01%2Fput-man-top-trump-mbs-book-claims-180105124054629.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/06/qatar-panic-buying-as-shoppers-stockpile-food-due-to-saudi-blockade">"Donald Trump tweets support for blockade imposed on Qatar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 6 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202072311/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/06/qatar-panic-buying-as-shoppers-stockpile-food-due-to-saudi-blockade">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+tweets+support+for+blockade+imposed+on+Qatar&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjun%2F06%2Fqatar-panic-buying-as-shoppers-stockpile-food-due-to-saudi-blockade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/24/qatar-blockade-trump-administration-foreign-policy">"Qatar blockade exposes rifts in Trump administration's 'peculiar' foreign policy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 24 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404114059/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/24/qatar-blockade-trump-administration-foreign-policy">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Qatar+blockade+exposes+rifts+in+Trump+administration%27s+%27peculiar%27+foreign+policy&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2017%2Fjun%2F24%2Fqatar-blockade-trump-administration-foreign-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/qatar-trump-embargo-charm-offensive.html">"Qatar Charm Offensive Appears to Have Paid Off, U.S. Officials Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 9 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404142758/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/qatar-trump-embargo-charm-offensive.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Qatar+Charm+Offensive+Appears+to+Have+Paid+Off%2C+U.S.+Officials+Say&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F09%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fqatar-trump-embargo-charm-offensive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2018/03/21/jared-kushner-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman/">"Saudi Crown Prince Boasted That Jared Kushner Was "In His Pocket""</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>. 21 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404192553/https://theintercept.com/2018/03/21/jared-kushner-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Boasted+That+Jared+Kushner+Was+%22In+His+Pocket%22&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2018%2F03%2F21%2Fjared-kushner-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests-trump/trump-praises-saudi-purge-voices-confidence-in-king-crown-prince-idUSKBN1D62XM">"Trump praises Saudi purge, voices confidence in King, Crown Prince"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 7 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404114058/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests-trump/trump-praises-saudi-purge-voices-confidence-in-king-crown-prince-idUSKBN1D62XM">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+praises+Saudi+purge%2C+voices+confidence+in+King%2C+Crown+Prince&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-arrests-trump%2Ftrump-praises-saudi-purge-voices-confidence-in-king-crown-prince-idUSKBN1D62XM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/20/trump-says-us-stands-with-saudi-arabia-despite-khashoggi-killing.html">"Trump says US stands with Saudi Arabia despite journalist Khashoggi's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. 20 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404114057/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/20/trump-says-us-stands-with-saudi-arabia-despite-khashoggi-killing.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Trump+says+US+stands+with+Saudi+Arabia+despite+journalist+Khashoggi%27s+killing&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F11%2F20%2Ftrump-says-us-stands-with-saudi-arabia-despite-khashoggi-killing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-247">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_247-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_247-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_247-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_247-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalinSaidCloud2022" class="citation news cs1">Kalin, Stephen; Said, Summer; Cloud, David S. (19 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-u-s-saudi-relations-reached-the-breaking-point-11650383578">"How U.S.-Saudi Relations Reached the Breaking Point"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829072918/https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-u-s-saudi-relations-reached-the-breaking-point-11650383578">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=How+U.S.-Saudi+Relations+Reached+the+Breaking+Point&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Kalin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Said%2C+Summer&rft.au=Cloud%2C+David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-u-s-saudi-relations-reached-the-breaking-point-11650383578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2021" class="citation news cs1">Gardner, Frank (14 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57760786">"Khashoggi murder: US softens towards Saudi leader"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117141936/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57760786">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Khashoggi+murder%3A+US+softens+towards+Saudi+leader&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-57760786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonas2022" class="citation news cs1">Lonas, Lexi (8 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/597436-saudi-uae-leaders-declined-calls-with-biden-amid-ukraine-conflict">"Saudi, UAE leaders declined calls with Biden amid Ukraine conflict: report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313130653/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/597436-saudi-uae-leaders-declined-calls-with-biden-amid-ukraine-conflict">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Saudi%2C+UAE+leaders+declined+calls+with+Biden+amid+Ukraine+conflict%3A+report&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft.aulast=Lonas&rft.aufirst=Lexi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F597436-saudi-uae-leaders-declined-calls-with-biden-amid-ukraine-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/24/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-ukraine-oil-biden-opec/">"Mohammed bin Salman Has Leverage on Biden—and Is Using It"</a>. Foreign Policy. 24 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220514185936/https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/24/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-ukraine-oil-biden-opec/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+Has+Leverage+on+Biden%E2%80%94and+Is+Using+It&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F03%2F24%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-saudi-ukraine-oil-biden-opec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2022/05/13/saudi-arabia-cia-secret-meeting-mohammed-bin-salman/">"Inside the Secret Meeting Between the CIA Director and Saudi Crown Prince"</a>. The Intercept. 13 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221011173248/https://theintercept.com/2022/05/13/saudi-arabia-cia-secret-meeting-mohammed-bin-salman/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Secret+Meeting+Between+the+CIA+Director+and+Saudi+Crown+Prince&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2022%2F05%2F13%2Fsaudi-arabia-cia-secret-meeting-mohammed-bin-salman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/opec%2B-slashes-oil-production-two-million-barrels-swift-condemnation">"US accuses Opec+ of aligning with Russia, Gulf states deny politics at play: report"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_Eye_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle East Eye (newspaper) (page does not exist)">Middle East Eye</a>. 5 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020170856/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/opec%2B-slashes-oil-production-two-million-barrels-swift-condemnation">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=US+accuses+Opec%2B+of+aligning+with+Russia%2C+Gulf+states+deny+politics+at+play%3A+report&rft.date=2022-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fopec%252B-slashes-oil-production-two-million-barrels-swift-condemnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/saudi-oil-power-play-bruises-us-ties-wont-break-them-2022-10-13/">"Saudi oil power play bruises U.S. ties but won't break them"</a>. Reuters. 13 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+oil+power+play+bruises+U.S.+ties+but+won%27t+break+them&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2Fsaudi-oil-power-play-bruises-us-ties-wont-break-them-2022-10-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arab.news/wbrz4">"Biden arrives in Saudi Arabia, holds 'important discussions' with king, crown prince"</a>. Arab News. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Biden+arrives+in+Saudi+Arabia%2C+holds+%27important+discussions%27+with+king%2C+crown+prince&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farab.news%2Fwbrz4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/saudi-arabia-cooperative-logistics-supply-support-arrangement-clssa">"Saudi Arabia – Cooperative Logistics Supply Support Arrangement (CLSSA) Program, Foreign Military Sales Order (FMSO) II | Defense Security Cooperation Agency"</a>. www.dsca.mil. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dsca.mil&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+%E2%80%93+Cooperative+Logistics+Supply+Support+Arrangement+%28CLSSA%29+Program%2C+Foreign+Military+Sales+Order+%28FMSO%29+II+%7C+Defense+Security+Cooperation+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsca.mil%2Fpress-media%2Fmajor-arms-sales%2Fsaudi-arabia-cooperative-logistics-supply-support-arrangement-clssa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collins.senate.gov/newsroom/collins-bipartisan-senate-delegation-arrive-in-saudi-arabia">"Collins, Bipartisan Senate Delegation Arrive in Saudi Arabia | U.S. Senator Susan Collins of Maine"</a>. www.collins.senate.gov. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.collins.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Collins%2C+Bipartisan+Senate+Delegation+Arrive+in+Saudi+Arabia+%7C+U.S.+Senator+Susan+Collins+of+Maine&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collins.senate.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fcollins-bipartisan-senate-delegation-arrive-in-saudi-arabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellyWongNereim2023" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Kate; Wong, Edward; Nereim, Vivian (22 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/us/politics/weapons-sales-saudi-arabia-yemen.html">"U.S. Prepares to Lift Ban on Sales of Offensive Weapons to Saudi Arabia"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Prepares+to+Lift+Ban+on+Sales+of+Offensive+Weapons+to+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Wong%2C+Edward&rft.au=Nereim%2C+Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fweapons-sales-saudi-arabia-yemen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmons2018" class="citation news cs1">Emmons, Alex (1 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/rex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae/">"Saudi Arabia planned to invade Qatar last summer. Rex Tillerson's efforts to stop it may have cost him his job"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013081531/https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/rex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+planned+to+invade+Qatar+last+summer.+Rex+Tillerson%27s+efforts+to+stop+it+may+have+cost+him+his+job.&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Emmons&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2018%2F08%2F01%2Frex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent-259"><a href="#cite_ref-Independent_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-saudi-arabia-gulf-arab-b1782751.html">"Gulf states agree to end three year Qatar blockade"</a>. Independent. 5 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108041533/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-saudi-arabia-gulf-arab-b1782751.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gulf+states+agree+to+end+three+year+Qatar+blockade&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fqatar-saudi-arabia-gulf-arab-b1782751.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Gambrell2018" class="citation news cs1">Jon Gambrell (5 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/08/05/saudi-arabia-to-expel-canadian-ambassador-and-freeze-trade-in-human-rights-dispute.html">"Saudi Arabia expels Canadian ambassador, freezes trade in human rights dispute"</a>. Toronto Star. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824092039/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/08/05/saudi-arabia-to-expel-canadian-ambassador-and-freeze-trade-in-human-rights-dispute.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+expels+Canadian+ambassador%2C+freezes+trade+in+human+rights+dispute&rft.date=2018-08-05&rft.au=Jon+Gambrell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2018%2F08%2F05%2Fsaudi-arabia-to-expel-canadian-ambassador-and-freeze-trade-in-human-rights-dispute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/11/canada-saudi-arabia-support-us">"'We don't have a single friend': Canada's Saudi spat reveals country is alone"</a>. The Guardian. 11 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022140408/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/11/canada-saudi-arabia-support-us">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+don%27t+have+a+single+friend%27%3A+Canada%27s+Saudi+spat+reveals+country+is+alone&rft.date=2018-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Faug%2F11%2Fcanada-saudi-arabia-support-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-us-sidesteps-getting-involved-in-escalating-saudi-canada-dispute/">"U.S. refuses to back Canada in Saudi Arabia dispute"</a>. The Globe and Mail. 7 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030034807/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-us-sidesteps-getting-involved-in-escalating-saudi-canada-dispute/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=U.S.+refuses+to+back+Canada+in+Saudi+Arabia+dispute&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-us-sidesteps-getting-involved-in-escalating-saudi-canada-dispute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/08/10/on-saudi-arabia-canadas-stance-is-principled-but-conflicted.html">"On Saudi Arabia, Canada's stance is principled — but conflicted"</a>. Toronto Star. 10 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810191845/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/08/10/on-saudi-arabia-canadas-stance-is-principled-but-conflicted.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=On+Saudi+Arabia%2C+Canada%27s+stance+is+principled+%E2%80%94+but+conflicted&rft.date=2018-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Fstar-columnists%2F2018%2F08%2F10%2Fon-saudi-arabia-canadas-stance-is-principled-but-conflicted.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWicary2023" class="citation news cs1">Wicary, Stephen (24 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-24/canada-saudi-arabia-restore-ties-broken-before-khashoggi-crisis">"Canada, Saudi Arabia Restore Ties Broken Before Khashoggi Crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. Retrieved 25 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Canada%2C+Saudi+Arabia+Restore+Ties+Broken+Before+Khashoggi+Crisis&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Wicary&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-05-24%2Fcanada-saudi-arabia-restore-ties-broken-before-khashoggi-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45838471">"Turkey 'has recording proving Saudi murder'"</a>. BBC News. 12 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012143207/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45838471">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkey+%27has+recording+proving+Saudi+murder%27&rft.date=2018-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-45838471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cg56ennmpyjt/mohammed-bin-salman&link_location=live-reporting-story">"Jamal Khashoggi: Turkey says journalist was murdered in Saudi consulate"</a>. BBC News. 7 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009140526/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819?intlink_from_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fcg56ennmpyjt%2Fmohammed-bin-salman&link_location=live-reporting-story">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jamal+Khashoggi%3A+Turkey+says+journalist+was+murdered+in+Saudi+consulate&rft.date=2018-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-45775819%3Fintlink_from_url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fcg56ennmpyjt%2Fmohammed-bin-salman%26link_location%3Dlive-reporting-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2018" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Shane (10 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181015001407/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?noredirect=on">"Crown prince sought to lure Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia and detain him, U.S. intercepts show"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?noredirect=on">the original</a> on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Crown+prince+sought+to+lure+Khashoggi+back+to+Saudi+Arabia+and+detain+him%2C+U.S.+intercepts+show&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fcrown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show%2F2018%2F10%2F10%2F57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003141/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/khashoggi-mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-suspects-969185217">"EXCLUSIVE: Seven of Mohammed's bodyguards among Khashoggi suspects"</a>. Middle East Eye. 17 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/khashoggi-mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-suspects-969185217">the original</a> on 18 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Seven+of+Mohammed%27s+bodyguards+among+Khashoggi+suspects&rft.date=2018-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fkhashoggi-mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-suspects-969185217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnSawers_MBS_Khashoggi-269"><a href="#cite_ref-JohnSawers_MBS_Khashoggi_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawers2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Sawers" title="John Sawers">Sawers, John</a> (19 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/19/crown-prince-mohammed-jamal-khashoggi-killing-mi6-sir-john-sawers">"Evidence suggests crown prince ordered Khashoggi killing, says ex-MI6 chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020233325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/19/crown-prince-mohammed-jamal-khashoggi-killing-mi6-sir-john-sawers">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Evidence+suggests+crown+prince+ordered+Khashoggi+killing%2C+says+ex-MI6+chief&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft.aulast=Sawers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Foct%2F19%2Fcrown-prince-mohammed-jamal-khashoggi-killing-mi6-sir-john-sawers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_MediaNarrative-270"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_MediaNarrative_270-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutenberg2018" class="citation news cs1">Rutenberg, Jim (14 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/business/media/reality-saudi-prince-media-narrative.html">"Reality Breaks Up a Saudi Prince Charming's Media Narrative"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021024604/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/business/media/reality-saudi-prince-media-narrative.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reality+Breaks+Up+a+Saudi+Prince+Charming%27s+Media+Narrative&rft.date=2018-10-14&rft.aulast=Rutenberg&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F10%2F14%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Freality-saudi-prince-media-narrative.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCMP_lifeofKhashoggi-271"><a href="#cite_ref-SCMP_lifeofKhashoggi_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLhatoo2018" class="citation news cs1">Lhatoo, Yonden (20 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2169467/whats-life-saudi-journalist-jamal-khashoggi-us-president">"What's the life of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi to US President Donald Trump? Nothing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020224928/https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2169467/whats-life-saudi-journalist-jamal-khashoggi-us-president">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+life+of+Saudi+journalist+Jamal+Khashoggi+to+US+President+Donald+Trump%3F+Nothing&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft.aulast=Lhatoo&rft.aufirst=Yonden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fcomment%2Finsight-opinion%2Farticle%2F2169467%2Fwhats-life-saudi-journalist-jamal-khashoggi-us-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/khashoggi-trump-saudi-arabia-bin-salman-mbs-crown-prince-murder-turkey-istanbul-consulate-a8598866.html">"Jamal Khashoggi: Trump says if anyone knew about plot to kill journalist 'it would be Mohammed bin Salman'"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113238/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/khashoggi-trump-saudi-arabia-bin-salman-mbs-crown-prince-murder-turkey-istanbul-consulate-a8598866.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Jamal+Khashoggi%3A+Trump+says+if+anyone+knew+about+plot+to+kill+journalist+%27it+would+be+Mohammed+bin+Salman%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fkhashoggi-trump-saudi-arabia-bin-salman-mbs-crown-prince-murder-turkey-istanbul-consulate-a8598866.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/ahmed-al-asiri-sacked-saudi-intelligence-chief-181019235211120.html">"Who is Ahmed al-Asiri, the sacked Saudi intelligence chief?"</a>. Al Jazeera. 19 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184019/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/ahmed-al-asiri-sacked-saudi-intelligence-chief-181019235211120.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Who+is+Ahmed+al-Asiri%2C+the+sacked+Saudi+intelligence+chief%3F&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F10%2Fahmed-al-asiri-sacked-saudi-intelligence-chief-181019235211120.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-274"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_274-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennerMazzettiHubbardIsaac2018" class="citation news cs1">Benner, Katie; Mazzetti, Mark; Hubbard, Ben; Isaac, Mike (20 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html">"Saudis' Image Makers: A Troll Army and a Twitter Insider"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106081538/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Saudis%27+Image+Makers%3A+A+Troll+Army+and+a+Twitter+Insider&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft.aulast=Benner&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Mazzetti%2C+Mark&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+Ben&rft.au=Isaac%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F10%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fsaudi-image-campaign-twitter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacinto2018" class="citation news cs1">Jacinto, Leela (25 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20181025-saudi-steve-bannon-saud-qahtani-khashoggi-twitter">"Saudi 'Mr. Hashtag' becomes fall guy in Khashoggi case, but is he really down?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181107204707/https://www.france24.com/en/20181025-saudi-steve-bannon-saud-qahtani-khashoggi-twitter">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+%27Mr.+Hashtag%27+becomes+fall+guy+in+Khashoggi+case%2C+but+is+he+really+down%3F&rft.date=2018-10-25&rft.aulast=Jacinto&rft.aufirst=Leela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20181025-saudi-steve-bannon-saud-qahtani-khashoggi-twitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesSchmittKirkpatrick2018" class="citation news cs1">Barnes, Julian E.; Schmitt, Eric; Kirkpatrick, David D. (12 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html">"'Tell Your Boss': Recording Is Seen to Link Saudi Crown Prince More Strongly to Khashoggi Killing"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181112233122/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Tell+Your+Boss%27%3A+Recording+Is+Seen+to+Link+Saudi+Crown+Prince+More+Strongly+to+Khashoggi+Killing&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Julian+E.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+David+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F12%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fjamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/15/saudi-prosecutor-seeks-death-penalty-in-jamal-khashoggi-case">"Saudis shield crown prince as death penalty sought over Khashoggi murder"</a>. The Guardian. 15 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115121916/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/15/saudi-prosecutor-seeks-death-penalty-in-jamal-khashoggi-case">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudis+shield+crown+prince+as+death+penalty+sought+over+Khashoggi+murder&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fnov%2F15%2Fsaudi-prosecutor-seeks-death-penalty-in-jamal-khashoggi-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/15/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl/index.html">"Saudi prosecutor seeks death penalty for Khashoggi murder, says journalist was killed by sedative overdose"</a>. CNN. 15 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115174052/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/15/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Saudi+prosecutor+seeks+death+penalty+for+Khashoggi+murder%2C+says+journalist+was+killed+by+sedative+overdose&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F11%2F15%2Fmiddleeast%2Fjamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisMillerDawsey2018" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Shane; Miller, Greg; Dawsey, Josh (16 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html">"CIA concludes Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal Khashoggi's assassination"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117011824/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=CIA+concludes+Saudi+crown+prince+ordered+Jamal+Khashoggi%27s+assassination&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Miller%2C+Greg&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fcia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination%2F2018%2F11%2F16%2F98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46435819">"Khashoggi murder: Saudi crown prince crazy, says US senator"</a>. BBC News. 4 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204055826/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46435819">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Khashoggi+murder%3A+Saudi+crown+prince+crazy%2C+says+US+senator&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-46435819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/04/politics/haspel-briefing-khashoggi/index.html">"Saudi crown prince 'ordered, monitored' killing of Khashoggi, Corker says"</a>. CNN. 4 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205013352/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/04/politics/haspel-briefing-khashoggi/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+%27ordered%2C+monitored%27+killing+of+Khashoggi%2C+Corker+says&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F12%2F04%2Fpolitics%2Fhaspel-briefing-khashoggi%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-un/u-n-rights-boss-bachelet-seeks-international-inquiry-into-khashoggi-murder-idUSL8N1YA262?rpc=401&">"U.N. rights boss Bachelet seeks international inquiry into Khashoggi murder"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113153624/https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-un/u-n-rights-boss-bachelet-seeks-international-inquiry-into-khashoggi-murder-idUSL8N1YA262?rpc=401&">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.N.+rights+boss+Bachelet+seeks+international+inquiry+into+Khashoggi+murder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fsaudi-khashoggi-un%2Fu-n-rights-boss-bachelet-seeks-international-inquiry-into-khashoggi-murder-idUSL8N1YA262%3Frpc%3D401%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-24/saudi-prince-slams-cia-assessment-report-on-khashoggi-murder">"Saudi Prince Slams CIA Assessment Report on Khashoggi Murder"</a>. Bloomberg. 24 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128073539/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-24/saudi-prince-slams-cia-assessment-report-on-khashoggi-murder">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Saudi+Prince+Slams+CIA+Assessment+Report+on+Khashoggi+Murder&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-11-24%2Fsaudi-prince-slams-cia-assessment-report-on-khashoggi-murder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-saudi-diplomacy/us-senators-say-saudi-crown-prince-has-gone-full-gangster-idUSKCN1QN1ZZ">"U.S. senators say Saudi crown prince has gone 'full gangster'"</a>. Reuters. 6 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306205317/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-saudi-diplomacy/us-senators-say-saudi-crown-prince-has-gone-full-gangster-idUSKCN1QN1ZZ">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+senators+say+Saudi+crown+prince+has+gone+%27full+gangster%27&rft.date=2019-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-saudi-diplomacy%2Fus-senators-say-saudi-crown-prince-has-gone-full-gangster-idUSKCN1QN1ZZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaouetteConte2019" class="citation web cs1">Gaouette, Nicole; Conte, Michael (7 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/06/politics/abizaid-us-saudi-gangster/index.html">"Saudi prince has gone 'full gangster,' says Rubio, as lawmakers decry kingdom's abuses"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307001620/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/06/politics/abizaid-us-saudi-gangster/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Saudi+prince+has+gone+%27full+gangster%2C%27+says+Rubio%2C+as+lawmakers+decry+kingdom%27s+abuses&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft.aulast=Gaouette&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.au=Conte%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F03%2F06%2Fpolitics%2Fabizaid-us-saudi-gangster%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619153657/https://www.timesofisrael.com/credible-evidence-ties-saudi-prince-to-khashoggi-murder-un-expert-says/">"'Credible evidence' ties Saudi prince to Khashoggi murder, UN expert says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. 19 June 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/credible-evidence-ties-saudi-prince-to-khashoggi-murder-un-expert-says/">the original</a> on 19 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=%27Credible+evidence%27+ties+Saudi+prince+to+Khashoggi+murder%2C+UN+expert+says&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fcredible-evidence-ties-saudi-prince-to-khashoggi-murder-un-expert-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallamard" class="citation web cs1">Callamard, Agnes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session41/Documents/A_HRC_41_CRP.1.pdf">"Annex to the Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Investigation into the unlawful death of Mr. Jamal Khashoggi"</a> (PDF). United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (OHCHR). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430064107/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session41/Documents/A_HRC_41_CRP.1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Human+Rights+Office+of+the+High+Commissioner+%28OHCHR%29&rft.atitle=Annex+to+the+Report+of+the+Special+Rapporteur+on+extrajudicial%2C+summary+or+arbitrary+executions%3A+Investigation+into+the+unlawful+death+of+Mr.+Jamal+Khashoggi&rft.aulast=Callamard&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fohchr.org%2FEN%2FHRBodies%2FHRC%2FRegularSessions%2FSession41%2FDocuments%2FA_HRC_41_CRP.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/19/guardian-told-it-was-target-of-saudi-hacking-unit-after-khashoggi-killing">"Guardian told it was target of Saudi hacking unit after Khashoggi killing"</a>. The Guardian. 19 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619155842/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/19/guardian-told-it-was-target-of-saudi-hacking-unit-after-khashoggi-killing">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+told+it+was+target+of+Saudi+hacking+unit+after+Khashoggi+killing&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjun%2F19%2Fguardian-told-it-was-target-of-saudi-hacking-unit-after-khashoggi-killing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalsin2019" class="citation news cs1">Malsin, Jared (26 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-crown-prince-says-khashoggi-was-killed-under-my-watch-denies-role-11569513897">"Saudi Crown Prince Says Khashoggi Was Killed 'Under My Watch'"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927191152/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-crown-prince-says-khashoggi-was-killed-under-my-watch-denies-role-11569513897">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Says+Khashoggi+Was+Killed+%27Under+My+Watch%27&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Malsin&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-says-khashoggi-was-killed-under-my-watch-denies-role-11569513897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/khashoggi-murder-happened-under-my-watch-saudi-crown-prince-tells-pbs/articleshow/71306058.cms">"Mohammad Bin Salman: Jamal Khashoggi murder 'happened under my watch,' Saudi crown prince tells PBS"</a>. The Times of India. Reuters. 26 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/khashoggi-murder-happened-under-my-watch-saudi-crown-prince-tells-pbs/articleshow/71306058.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mohammad+Bin+Salman%3A+Jamal+Khashoggi+murder+%27happened+under+my+watch%2C%27+Saudi+crown+prince+tells+PBS&rft.date=2010-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fkhashoggi-murder-happened-under-my-watch-saudi-crown-prince-tells-pbs%2Farticleshow%2F71306058.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2019/09/26/mohammed-bin-salman-accepts-responsibility-for-jamal-khashoggi-murder-it-happened-under-my-watch/">"Mohammed bin Salman accepts responsibility for Jamal Khashoggi murder"</a>. Salon. 26 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928011622/https://www.salon.com/2019/09/26/mohammed-bin-salman-accepts-responsibility-for-jamal-khashoggi-murder-it-happened-under-my-watch/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+accepts+responsibility+for+Jamal+Khashoggi+murder&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2019%2F09%2F26%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-accepts-responsibility-for-jamal-khashoggi-murder-it-happened-under-my-watch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristina_Maxouris" class="citation news cs1">Christina Maxouris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/29/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview/index.html">"Mohammed bin Salman denies personal involvement in Khashoggi killing in '60 Minutes' interview but says it was carried out by Saudi officials"</a>. CNN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001182811/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/29/middleeast/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+denies+personal+involvement+in+Khashoggi+killing+in+%2760+Minutes%27+interview+but+says+it+was+carried+out+by+Saudi+officials&rft.au=Christina+Maxouris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F09%2F29%2Fmiddleeast%2Fcrown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-interview%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226180954/https://www.odni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226.pdf">"Assessing the Saudi Government's Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Director of National Intelligence">Office of the Director of National Intelligence</a>. 11 February 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Saudi+Government%27s+Role+in+the+Killing+of+Jamal+Khashoggi&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odni.gov%2Ffiles%2FODNI%2Fdocuments%2Fassessments%2FAssessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-saudi-khashoggi-un-int-idUSKBN2AQ2W5">"U.S. should sanction MbS, lead bid for justice in Khashoggi murder – U.N. expert"</a>. Reuters. 26 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226211206/https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-saudi-khashoggi-un-int/us-should-sanction-mbs-lead-bid-for-justice-in-khashoggi-murder-un-expert-idUSKBN2AQ2W5">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021. <q>Agnes Callamard, U.N. investigator for summary executions, in a statement posted on Twitter after a declassified U.S. intelligence assessment was released, urged the U.S. government to impose sanctions on Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman "targeting his personal assets but also his international engagements."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+should+sanction+MbS%2C+lead+bid+for+justice+in+Khashoggi+murder+%E2%80%93+U.N.+expert&rft.date=2021-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fusa-saudi-khashoggi-un-int-idUSKBN2AQ2W5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63671947">"Mohammed bin Salman: Saudi leader given US immunity over Khashoggi killing"</a>. BBC News. 18 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221118100957/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63671947">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman%3A+Saudi+leader+given+US+immunity+over+Khashoggi+killing&rft.date=2022-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-63671947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_3_June-296"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_3_June_296-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirchgaessner2020" class="citation news cs1">Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (3 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/sarah-and-omar-have-disappeared-children-of-ex-saudi-official-missing-since-march">"'Sarah and Omar have disappeared': children of ex-Saudi official missing since March"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707234908/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/sarah-and-omar-have-disappeared-children-of-ex-saudi-official-missing-since-march">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Sarah+and+Omar+have+disappeared%27%3A+children+of+ex-Saudi+official+missing+since+March&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.aulast=Kirchgaessner&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F03%2Fsarah-and-omar-have-disappeared-children-of-ex-saudi-official-missing-since-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-09/senators-press-trump-to-help-free-children-of-saudi-ex-official">"Senators Press Trump to Help Free Children of Saudi Ex-Official"</a>. Bloomberg.com. 9 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719140417/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-09/senators-press-trump-to-help-free-children-of-saudi-ex-official">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Senators+Press+Trump+to+Help+Free+Children+of+Saudi+Ex-Official&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-07-09%2Fsenators-press-trump-to-help-free-children-of-saudi-ex-official&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-spymaster-ran-off-after-saudis-say-billions-went-missing-they-want-him-back-11595004443">"Saudi Arabia Wants Its Fugitive Spymaster Back"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 17 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718135411/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-spymaster-ran-off-after-saudis-say-billions-went-missing-they-want-him-back-11595004443">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Wants+Its+Fugitive+Spymaster+Back&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fa-spymaster-ran-off-after-saudis-say-billions-went-missing-they-want-him-back-11595004443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatius" class="citation news cs1">Ignatius, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-saudi-crown-prince-interpol-and-an-alleged-assassination-plot/2020/08/06/b172b3a6-d821-11ea-9c3b-dfc394c03988_story.html?hpid=hp_save-opinions-float-right-4-0_opinion-card-f-right%3Ahomepage%2Fstory-ans">"The Saudi crown prince, Interpol and an alleged assassination plot"</a>. The Washington Post. No. 7 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807114449/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-saudi-crown-prince-interpol-and-an-alleged-assassination-plot/2020/08/06/b172b3a6-d821-11ea-9c3b-dfc394c03988_story.html?hpid=hp_save-opinions-float-right-4-0_opinion-card-f-right%3Ahomepage%2Fstory-ans">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Saudi+crown+prince%2C+Interpol+and+an+alleged+assassination+plot&rft.issue=7+August+2020&rft.aulast=Ignatius&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fthe-saudi-crown-prince-interpol-and-an-alleged-assassination-plot%2F2020%2F08%2F06%2Fb172b3a6-d821-11ea-9c3b-dfc394c03988_story.html%3Fhpid%3Dhp_save-opinions-float-right-4-0_opinion-card-f-right%253Ahomepage%252Fstory-ans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Aljabri-Complaint.pdf">"Aljabri Complaint: Case 1:20-cv-02146-TJK Document 1"</a> (PDF). Court House News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816113212/https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Aljabri-Complaint.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Court+House+News&rft.atitle=Aljabri+Complaint%3A+Case+1%3A20-cv-02146-TJK+Document+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F08%2FAljabri-Complaint.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/court-issues-summons-saudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-salman-200810081311989.html">"US court issues summons for Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810112129/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/court-issues-summons-saudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-salman-200810081311989.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US+court+issues+summons+for+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Mohammed+bin+Salman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2Fcourt-issues-summons-saudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-salman-200810081311989.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaroun" class="citation web cs1">Haroun, Azmi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-crown-prince-receives-whatsapp-summons-in-aljabri-court-case-2020-10">"Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman got served a lawsuit via WhatsApp. Court documents show that he received and read the message"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104051459/https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-crown-prince-receives-whatsapp-summons-in-aljabri-court-case-2020-10">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Saudi+Crown+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman+got+served+a+lawsuit+via+WhatsApp.+Court+documents+show+that+he+received+and+read+the+message.&rft.aulast=Haroun&rft.aufirst=Azmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-receives-whatsapp-summons-in-aljabri-court-case-2020-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20400677/mbs.pdf">"Exhibit A filled with US Court"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/DocumentCloud" title="DocumentCloud">DocumentCloud</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>). 29 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225128/https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20400677/mbs.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DocumentCloud&rft.atitle=Exhibit+A+filled+with+US+Court&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F20400677%2Fmbs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartensteinWestall2022" class="citation news cs1">Bartenstein, Ben; Westall, Sylvia (6 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503175325/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-06/xi-s-riyadh-trip-showcases-deeper-china-mideast-ties-and-sinking-us-relations?leadSource=uverify%20wall">"Saudis Roll Out Red Carpet for Xi Jinping as Gulf Looks Past US"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-06/xi-s-riyadh-trip-showcases-deeper-china-mideast-ties-and-sinking-us-relations">the original</a> on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Saudis+Roll+Out+Red+Carpet+for+Xi+Jinping+as+Gulf+Looks+Past+US&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft.aulast=Bartenstein&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Westall%2C+Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-12-06%2Fxi-s-riyadh-trip-showcases-deeper-china-mideast-ties-and-sinking-us-relations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xinjiang-305"><a href="#cite_ref-xinjiang_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsor2019" class="citation news cs1">Ensor, Josie (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/22/saudi-crown-prince-defends-chinas-right-put-uighur-muslims-concentration/">"Saudi crown prince defends China's right to put Uighur Muslims in concentration camps"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114165603/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/22/saudi-crown-prince-defends-chinas-right-put-uighur-muslims-concentration/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+defends+China%27s+right+to+put+Uighur+Muslims+in+concentration+camps&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=Josie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F02%2F22%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-defends-chinas-right-put-uighur-muslims-concentration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/saudi-arabia-mohammad-bin-salman-defends-china-concentration-camps-muslims-1340592">"Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman Defends China's Use of Concentration Camps for Muslims During Visit to Beijing"</a>. Newsweek. 22 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010075307/https://www.newsweek.com/saudi-arabia-mohammad-bin-salman-defends-china-concentration-camps-muslims-1340592">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Mohammed+bin+Salman+Defends+China%27s+Use+of+Concentration+Camps+for+Muslims+During+Visit+to+Beijing&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fsaudi-arabia-mohammad-bin-salman-defends-china-concentration-camps-muslims-1340592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-camps-307"><a href="#cite_ref-camps_307-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-oppression-of-muslims-in-xinjiang-mohammed-bin-salman-2019-2">"Saudi crown prince defended China's imprisonment of a million Muslims in internment camps, giving Xi Jinping a reason to continue his 'precursors to genocide'"</a>. Business Insider. 23 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914053501/https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-oppression-of-muslims-in-xinjiang-mohammed-bin-salman-2019-2">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+defended+China%27s+imprisonment+of+a+million+Muslims+in+internment+camps%2C+giving+Xi+Jinping+a+reason+to+continue+his+%27precursors+to+genocide%27&rft.date=2019-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-defends-china-oppression-of-muslims-in-xinjiang-mohammed-bin-salman-2019-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-fight-terrorism-190223104647149.html">"Saudi crown prince defends China's right to fight 'terrorism'"</a>. al-Jazeera. 23 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619044243/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-fight-terrorism-190223104647149.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+defends+China%27s+right+to+fight+%27terrorism%27&rft.date=2019-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F02%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-defends-china-fight-terrorism-190223104647149.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartensteinWestall2022" class="citation news cs1">Bartenstein, Ben; Westall, Sylvia (6 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503175325/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-06/xi-s-riyadh-trip-showcases-deeper-china-mideast-ties-and-sinking-us-relations?leadSource=uverify%20wall">"Saudis Roll Out Red Carpet for Xi Jinping as Gulf Looks Past US"</a>. Bloomberg News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-06/xi-s-riyadh-trip-showcases-deeper-china-mideast-ties-and-sinking-us-relations?leadSource=uverify%20wall">the original</a> on 3 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Saudis+Roll+Out+Red+Carpet+for+Xi+Jinping+as+Gulf+Looks+Past+US&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft.aulast=Bartenstein&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Westall%2C+Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-12-06%2Fxi-s-riyadh-trip-showcases-deeper-china-mideast-ties-and-sinking-us-relations%3FleadSource%3Duverify%2520wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Hamawi2022" class="citation news cs1">Al Hamawi, Lama (8 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101103329/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2213231/business-economy">"How China became Saudi Arabia's top trading partner, revived ancient Silk Road"</a>. Arab News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/2213231/business-economy">the original</a> on 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=How+China+became+Saudi+Arabia%27s+top+trading+partner%2C+revived+ancient+Silk+Road&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft.aulast=Al+Hamawi&rft.aufirst=Lama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F2213231%2Fbusiness-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalami2022" class="citation web cs1">Salami, Mohammad (3 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101103329/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2213231/business-economy">"Saudi-Chinese Cooperation in the Production of Ballistic Missiles"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.sharqforum.org/2022/04/03/saudi-chinese-cooperation/">the original</a> on 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi-Chinese+Cooperation+in+the+Production+of+Ballistic+Missiles&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft.aulast=Salami&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.sharqforum.org%2F2022%2F04%2F03%2Fsaudi-chinese-cooperation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalsinSaidStrobel" class="citation news cs1">Malsin, Jared; Said, Summer; Strobel, Warren P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226054445/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudis-begin-making-ballistic-missiles-with-chinese-help-11640294886">"Saudis Begin Making Ballistic Missiles With Chinese Help: The effort is raising new worries about a Middle East arms race"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudis-begin-making-ballistic-missiles-with-chinese-help-11640294886">the original</a> on 26 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudis+Begin+Making+Ballistic+Missiles+With+Chinese+Help%3A+The+effort+is+raising+new+worries+about+a+Middle+East+arms+race&rft.aulast=Malsin&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft.au=Said%2C+Summer&rft.au=Strobel%2C+Warren+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudis-begin-making-ballistic-missiles-with-chinese-help-11640294886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gambrell-313">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gambrell_313-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gambrell_313-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGambrell2022" class="citation news cs1">Gambrell, John (10 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-saudi-arabia-qatar-tamim-bin-hamad-al-thani-china-government-bcc9cb57ce11712b1fbf0a9ddcfccf04">"China's Xi vows to buy more Mideast oil as US focus wanes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 11 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=China%27s+Xi+vows+to+buy+more+Mideast+oil+as+US+focus+wanes&rft.date=2022-12-10&rft.aulast=Gambrell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-saudi-arabia-qatar-tamim-bin-hamad-al-thani-china-government-bcc9cb57ce11712b1fbf0a9ddcfccf04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalin2022" class="citation news cs1">Kalin, Stephen (8 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-xi-jinping-to-meet-saudi-crown-prince-in-pivotal-visit-11670480051">"China's Xi Jinping Deepens Saudi Ties in Pivotal Trip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved 11 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=China%27s+Xi+Jinping+Deepens+Saudi+Ties+in+Pivotal+Trip&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft.aulast=Kalin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fchinas-xi-jinping-to-meet-saudi-crown-prince-in-pivotal-visit-11670480051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101070847/https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-china-energy-trade-investment-ties-2022-12-09/">"Factbox: Saudi-China energy, trade and investment ties"</a>. Reuters. 9 December 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-china-energy-trade-investment-ties-2022-12-09/">the original</a> on 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+Saudi-China+energy%2C+trade+and+investment+ties&rft.date=2022-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-china-energy-trade-investment-ties-2022-12-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_DahanEl_Yaakoubi2022" class="citation news cs1">El Dahan, Maha; El Yaakoubi, Aziz (10 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101070835/https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-arabia-gathers-chinas-xi-with-arab-leaders-new-era-ties-2022-12-09/">"China's Xi calls for oil trade in yuan at Gulf summit in Riyadh"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/saudi-arabia-gathers-chinas-xi-with-arab-leaders-new-era-ties-2022-12-09/">the original</a> on 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=China%27s+Xi+calls+for+oil+trade+in+yuan+at+Gulf+summit+in+Riyadh&rft.date=2022-12-10&rft.aulast=El+Dahan&rft.aufirst=Maha&rft.au=El+Yaakoubi%2C+Aziz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-arabia-gathers-chinas-xi-with-arab-leaders-new-era-ties-2022-12-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505043659/https://www.tacticalreport.com/daily/60962-saudi-arabia-china-and-defense-deals-during-zhuhai-air-show-2022">"Saudi Arabia, China, and defense deals during Zhuhai Air Show 2022"</a>. 24 November 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tacticalreport.com/daily/60962-saudi-arabia-china-and-defense-deals-during-zhuhai-air-show-2022">the original</a> on 5 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%2C+China%2C+and+defense+deals+during+Zhuhai+Air+Show+2022&rft.date=2022-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tacticalreport.com%2Fdaily%2F60962-saudi-arabia-china-and-defense-deals-during-zhuhai-air-show-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131130441/https://www.leaders-mena.com/saudi-gets-huge-arms-deal-from-china-worth-4-billion/">"Saudi gets huge arms deal from China worth $4 billion"</a>. Leaders. 29 November 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leaders-mena.com/saudi-gets-huge-arms-deal-from-china-worth-4-billion/">the original</a> on 31 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leaders&rft.atitle=Saudi+gets+huge+arms+deal+from+China+worth+%244+billion&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leaders-mena.com%2Fsaudi-gets-huge-arms-deal-from-china-worth-4-billion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalinFaucon2023" class="citation news cs1">Kalin, Stephen; Faucon, Benoit (10 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-iran-restore-relations-in-deal-brokered-by-china-406393a1?mod=world_major_2_pos1">"Saudi Arabia, Iran Restore Relations in Deal Brokered by China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%2C+Iran+Restore+Relations+in+Deal+Brokered+by+China&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft.aulast=Kalin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Faucon%2C+Benoit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudi-arabia-iran-restore-relations-in-deal-brokered-by-china-406393a1%3Fmod%3Dworld_major_2_pos1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bond-320">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bond_320-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bond_320-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBond2019" class="citation news cs1">Bond, Shannon (31 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/53a4861c-5359-11e9-91f9-b6515a54c5b1">"Saudis hacked Amazon CEO's phone, says Bezos security chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190331084626/https://www.ft.com/content/53a4861c-5359-11e9-91f9-b6515a54c5b1">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudis+hacked+Amazon+CEO%27s+phone%2C+says+Bezos+security+chief&rft.date=2019-03-31&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F53a4861c-5359-11e9-91f9-b6515a54c5b1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zetter-321">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_321-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_321-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZetterCox2020" class="citation news cs1">Zetter, Kim; Cox, Joseph (23 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/v74v34/saudi-arabia-hacked-jeff-bezos-phone-technical-report">"Here Is the Technical Report Suggesting Saudi Arabia's Prince Hacked Jeff Bezos' Phone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Motherboard_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motherboard (website)">Motherboard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628203123/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/v74v34/saudi-arabia-hacked-jeff-bezos-phone-technical-report">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motherboard&rft.atitle=Here+Is+the+Technical+Report+Suggesting+Saudi+Arabia%27s+Prince+Hacked+Jeff+Bezos%27+Phone&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft.aulast=Zetter&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.au=Cox%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fv74v34%2Fsaudi-arabia-hacked-jeff-bezos-phone-technical-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PatrickJan22-322"><a href="#cite_ref-PatrickJan22_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2020" class="citation news cs1">O'Neill, Patrick (22 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/01/22/276122/un-calls-for-investigation-of-saudis-allegedly-hacking-jeff-bezos/">"UN calls for investigation of Saudis allegedly hacking Jeff Bezos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Technology_Review" title="MIT Technology Review">MIT Technology Review</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200512110318/https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/01/22/276122/un-calls-for-investigation-of-saudis-allegedly-hacking-jeff-bezos/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+Technology+Review&rft.atitle=UN+calls+for+investigation+of+Saudis+allegedly+hacking+Jeff+Bezos&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2F2020%2F01%2F22%2F276122%2Fun-calls-for-investigation-of-saudis-allegedly-hacking-jeff-bezos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman2020" class="citation news cs1">Bowman, Verity (22 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/01/22/saudi-crown-prince-implicated-jeff-bezos-phone-hacking-un-report/">"Jeff Bezos phone hacking: UN calls for investigation after Saudi Crown Prince implicated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317154555/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/01/22/saudi-crown-prince-implicated-jeff-bezos-phone-hacking-un-report/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Jeff+Bezos+phone+hacking%3A+UN+calls+for+investigation+after+Saudi+Crown+Prince+implicated&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Verity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2020%2F01%2F22%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-implicated-jeff-bezos-phone-hacking-un-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-324"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_324-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/12/how-real-saudi-arabia-interest-renewable-energy">"How real is Saudi Arabia's interest in renewable energy?"</a>. The Guardian. 12 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009165324/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/12/how-real-saudi-arabia-interest-renewable-energy">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+real+is+Saudi+Arabia%27s+interest+in+renewable+energy%3F&rft.date=2019-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Foct%2F12%2Fhow-real-saudi-arabia-interest-renewable-energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakenmaster2024" class="citation journal cs1">Kakenmaster, William (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/fossilfueled-roots-of-climate-inaction-in-authoritarian-regimes/204D555036E8B1C81ECA43A4B2AD606B">"The Fossil-Fueled Roots of Climate Inaction in Authoritarian Regimes"</a>. Perspectives on Politics: 1–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592724000793">10.1017/S1537592724000793</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-5927">1537-5927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Fossil-Fueled+Roots+of+Climate+Inaction+in+Authoritarian+Regimes&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1537592724000793&rft.issn=1537-5927&rft.aulast=Kakenmaster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fperspectives-on-politics%2Farticle%2Ffossilfueled-roots-of-climate-inaction-in-authoritarian-regimes%2F204D555036E8B1C81ECA43A4B2AD606B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2016-326"><a href="#cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_2016_326-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html">"Profile: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman"</a>. Al Jazeera. 21 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170622125509/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Crown+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F06%2Fprofile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Ahmed2018" class="citation news cs1">Al Ahmed, Ali (16 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gulfinstitute.org/reports-of-saudi-crown-princes-domestic-violence-emerge/">"Reports of Saudi Crown Prince's Domestic Violence Emerge"</a>. GulfInstitute.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127231255/https://www.gulfinstitute.org/reports-of-saudi-crown-princes-domestic-violence-emerge/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GulfInstitute.org&rft.atitle=Reports+of+Saudi+Crown+Prince%27s+Domestic+Violence+Emerge&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.aulast=Al+Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gulfinstitute.org%2Freports-of-saudi-crown-princes-domestic-violence-emerge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger2017" class="citation web cs1">Langer, Marko (5 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabias-mohammed-bin-salman-reformer-and-hard-liner/a-40714307">"Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman: Reformer and hard-liner"</a>. Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117012656/http://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabias-mohammed-bin-salman-reformer-and-hard-liner/a-40714307">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018 – via dw.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Mohammed+bin+Salman%3A+Reformer+and+hard-liner&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Marko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fsaudi-arabias-mohammed-bin-salman-reformer-and-hard-liner%2Fa-40714307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtz2018" class="citation news cs1">Kurtz, Steve (15 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/mohammed-bin-salman-the-reformer-behind-saudi-arabias-shakeup">"Mohammed bin Salman – the reformer behind Saudi Arabia's shakeup"</a>. FoxNews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200325091013/https://www.foxnews.com/world/mohammed-bin-salman-the-reformer-behind-saudi-arabias-shakeup">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FoxNews.com&rft.atitle=Mohammed+bin+Salman+%E2%80%93+the+reformer+behind+Saudi+Arabia%27s+shakeup&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fmohammed-bin-salman-the-reformer-behind-saudi-arabias-shakeup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelham2022" class="citation news cs1">Pelham, Nicolas (28 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/1843/2022/07/28/mbs-despot-in-the-desert">"MBS: despot in the desert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728144039/https://www.economist.com/1843/2022/07/28/mbs-despot-in-the-desert">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=MBS%3A+despot+in+the+desert&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft.aulast=Pelham&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2F1843%2F2022%2F07%2F28%2Fmbs-despot-in-the-desert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30yearold-331"><a href="#cite_ref-30yearold_331-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-30-year-old-saudi-prince-could-jump-start-the-kingdom--or-drive-it-off-a-cliff/2016/06/28/ce669a3e-3c69-11e6-a66f-aa6c1883b6b1_story.html">"A 30-year-old Saudi prince could jump-start the kingdom – or drive it off a cliff"</a>. The Washington Post. 28 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629211105/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-30-year-old-saudi-prince-could-jump-start-the-kingdom--or-drive-it-off-a-cliff/2016/06/28/ce669a3e-3c69-11e6-a66f-aa6c1883b6b1_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+30-year-old+Saudi+prince+could+jump-start+the+kingdom+%E2%80%93+or+drive+it+off+a+cliff&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fglobal-opinions%2Fa-30-year-old-saudi-prince-could-jump-start-the-kingdom--or-drive-it-off-a-cliff%2F2016%2F06%2F28%2Fce669a3e-3c69-11e6-a66f-aa6c1883b6b1_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-332"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_332-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzettiHubbard2016" class="citation news cs1">Mazzetti, Mark; Hubbard, Ben (15 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html">"Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decades of Royal Tradition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201143701/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rise+of+Saudi+Prince+Shatters+Decades+of+Royal+Tradition&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft.aulast=Mazzetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F16%2Fworld%2Frise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulishForsythe2017" class="citation news cs1">Kulish, Nicholas; Forsythe, Michael (16 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/world/middleeast/saudi-prince-chateau.html">"World's Most Expensive Home? Another Bauble for a Saudi Prince"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321225713/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/world/middleeast/saudi-prince-chateau.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=World%27s+Most+Expensive+Home%3F+Another+Bauble+for+a+Saudi+Prince&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft.aulast=Kulish&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Forsythe%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F16%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-prince-chateau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tele2017-334"><a href="#cite_ref-Tele2017_334-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulholland2017" class="citation news cs1">Mulholland, Rory (16 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/17/pro-austerity-saudi-prince-buys-worlds-expensive-home/">"Pro-austerity Saudi prince buys world's most expensive home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524024908/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/17/pro-austerity-saudi-prince-buys-worlds-expensive-home/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pro-austerity+Saudi+prince+buys+world%27s+most+expensive+home&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F12%2F17%2Fpro-austerity-saudi-prince-buys-worlds-expensive-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/world/who-is-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-al-saud-and-what-is-his-total-net-worth-2619620.html/amp">"Who Is Mohammed Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud And What Is His Total Net Worth?"</a>. zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zeenews.india.com&rft.atitle=Who+Is+Mohammed+Bin+Salman+Bin+Abdulaziz+Al+Saud+And+What+Is+His+Total+Net+Worth%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fworld%2Fwho-is-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-al-saud-and-what-is-his-total-net-worth-2619620.html%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180523172943/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html">"Prince Mohammed books out hotel to dine with Murdoch"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 4 April 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Prince+Mohammed+books+out+hotel+to+dine+with+Murdoch&rft.date=2018-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ_Salman-337"><a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_Salman_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisCrowSaid2017" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Shane; Crow, Kelly; Said, Summer (7 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabias-crown-prince-identified-as-buyer-of-record-breaking-da-vinci-1512674099">"Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Identified as Buyer of Record-Breaking da Vinci"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192111/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabias-crown-prince-identified-as-buyer-of-record-breaking-da-vinci-1512674099">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+Crown+Prince+Identified+as+Buyer+of+Record-Breaking+da+Vinci&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Crow%2C+Kelly&rft.au=Said%2C+Summer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsaudi-arabias-crown-prince-identified-as-buyer-of-record-breaking-da-vinci-1512674099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeixler2017" class="citation web cs1">Meixler, Eli (7 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2017/12/06/da-vinci-painting-saudi-prince/">"The Mystery Buyer of a $450 Million Leonardo da Vinci Painting Was a Saudi Prince"</a>. Fortune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207140629/http://fortune.com/2017/12/06/da-vinci-painting-saudi-prince/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+Buyer+of+a+%24450+Million+Leonardo+da+Vinci+Painting+Was+a+Saudi+Prince&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.aulast=Meixler&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2Fda-vinci-painting-saudi-prince%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick2017" class="citation news cs1">Kirkpatrick, David D. (6 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/salvator-mundi-da-vinci-saudi-prince-bader.html">"Mystery Buyer of $450 Million 'Salvator Mundi' Was a Saudi Prince"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180417053427/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/salvator-mundi-da-vinci-saudi-prince-bader.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mystery+Buyer+of+%24450+Million+%27Salvator+Mundi%27+Was+a+Saudi+Prince&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsalvator-mundi-da-vinci-saudi-prince-bader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-buyer-saudi-prince">"Mystery buyer of famed da Vinci is Saudi prince: Report"</a>. CBS News. 6 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331181733/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-buyer-saudi-prince/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Mystery+buyer+of+famed+da+Vinci+is+Saudi+prince%3A+Report&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsalvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-buyer-saudi-prince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiembassy.net/news/embassy-statement-art-work-purchase">"Embassy Statement on Art Work Purchase"</a>. saudiembassy.net. Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328165325/https://www.saudiembassy.net/news/embassy-statement-art-work-purchase">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saudiembassy.net&rft.atitle=Embassy+Statement+on+Art+Work+Purchase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiembassy.net%2Fnews%2Fembassy-statement-art-work-purchase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thenational_1.682793-342"><a href="#cite_ref-thenational_1.682793_342-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/louvre-abu-dhabi-uae-has-acquired-da-vinci-s-salvator-mundi-1.682793">"Louvre Abu Dhabi: UAE has acquired Da Vinci's Salvator Mundi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National</a>. 9 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328230953/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/louvre-abu-dhabi-uae-has-acquired-da-vinci-s-salvator-mundi-1.682793">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Louvre+Abu+Dhabi%3A+UAE+has+acquired+Da+Vinci%27s+Salvator+Mundi&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fuae%2Fheritage%2Flouvre-abu-dhabi-uae-has-acquired-da-vinci-s-salvator-mundi-1.682793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/style/article/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-whereabouts/index.html">"The $450 million question: Where is Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi'?"</a>. CNN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708114922/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-whereabouts/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft.atitle=The+%24450+million+question%3A+Where+is+Leonardo+da+Vinci%27s+%27Salvator+Mundi%27%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fstyle%2Farticle%2Fsalvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-whereabouts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrause2019" class="citation web cs1">Krause, Amanda (12 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insider.com/da-vinci-painting-salvator-mundi-history-2019-6">"The $450 million Leonardo da Vinci painting that's said to be sitting on a Saudi prince's yacht was once bought for just $1,000. Here's how it took over the art world"</a>. Insider.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215152050/https://www.insider.com/da-vinci-painting-salvator-mundi-history-2019-6">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insider.com&rft.atitle=The+%24450+million+Leonardo+da+Vinci+painting+that%27s+said+to+be+sitting+on+a+Saudi+prince%27s+yacht+was+once+bought+for+just+%241%2C000.+Here%27s+how+it+took+over+the+art+world.&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft.aulast=Krause&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insider.com%2Fda-vinci-painting-salvator-mundi-history-2019-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharma-345"><a href="#cite_ref-Sharma_345-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2022" class="citation web cs1">Sharma, Neha Tandon (28 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://luxurylaunches.com/transport/saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-serene-megayacht.php">"Saudi prince MBS bought this $400 million megayacht from a Russian Oligarch and immediately kicked him out"</a>. Luxury launches. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428195907/https://luxurylaunches.com/transport/saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-serene-megayacht.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022. <q>The 439 feet long vessel has two helipads, a submarine, and a nightclub. The royal has also hung a $450M painting in it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+prince+MBS+bought+this+%24400+million+megayacht+from+a+Russian+Oligarch+and+immediately+kicked+him+out.&rft.pub=Luxury+launches&rft.date=2022-04-28&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Neha+Tandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fluxurylaunches.com%2Ftransport%2Fsaudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-serene-megayacht.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazakina2019" class="citation web cs1">Kazakina, Katya (11 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/6/11/missing-da-vinci-masterpiece-turns-up-on-mbs-yacht-report">"Missing Salvator Mundi 'turns up on MBS yacht'"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Missing+Salvator+Mundi+%27turns+up+on+MBS+yacht%27&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.aulast=Kazakina&rft.aufirst=Katya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Feconomy%2F2019%2F6%2F11%2Fmissing-da-vinci-masterpiece-turns-up-on-mbs-yacht-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaudi_Gazette2018" class="citation web cs1">Saudi Gazette [@saudi_gazette] (25 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/saudi_gazette/status/1066783214210097155">"King Hamad of #Bahrain decorates the #Saudi #CrownPrince #MuhammadBinSalman with the Order of Sheikh Isa Bin Salman Al-Khalifa of the Exceptional Class"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+Hamad+of+%23Bahrain+decorates+the+%23Saudi+%23CrownPrince+%23MuhammadBinSalman+with+the+Order+of+Sheikh+Isa+Bin+Salman+Al-Khalifa+of+the+Exceptional+Class&rft.date=2018-11-25&rft.au=Saudi+Gazette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fsaudi_gazette%2Fstatus%2F1066783214210097155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://directinfo.webmanagercenter.com/2018/11/28/tunisie-mohamed-ben-salmane-honore-au-palais-de-carthage/">"Tunisie: Mohamed Ben Salmane honoré au Palais de Carthage"</a>. directinfo.webmanagercenter.com. 28 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226173331/https://directinfo.webmanagercenter.com/2018/11/28/tunisie-mohamed-ben-salmane-honore-au-palais-de-carthage/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=directinfo.webmanagercenter.com&rft.atitle=Tunisie%3A+Mohamed+Ben+Salmane+honor%C3%A9+au+Palais+de+Carthage&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirectinfo.webmanagercenter.com%2F2018%2F11%2F28%2Ftunisie-mohamed-ben-salmane-honore-au-palais-de-carthage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1912961/1-saudi-crown-prince-meet-president-coas/">"President of Pakistan Dr Arif Alvi confers Nishan-e-Pakistan on Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman"</a>. Express Tribune. 18 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812151840/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1912961/1-saudi-crown-prince-meet-president-coas/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=President+of+Pakistan+Dr+Arif+Alvi+confers+Nishan-e-Pakistan+on+Saudi+Crown+Prince+Mohammad+bin+Salman&rft.date=2019-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1912961%2F1-saudi-crown-prince-meet-president-coas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofoman.com/article/110251-his-majesty-bestows-oman-civil-order-on-hrh-prince-mohammed-bin-salman">"His Majesty bestows Oman Civil Order on HRH Prince Mohammed bin Salman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Oman" title="Times of Oman">Times of Oman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207125437/https://timesofoman.com/article/110251-his-majesty-bestows-oman-civil-order-on-hrh-prince-mohammed-bin-salman">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Oman&rft.atitle=His+Majesty+bestows+Oman+Civil+Order+on+HRH+Prince+Mohammed+bin+Salman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofoman.com%2Farticle%2F110251-his-majesty-bestows-oman-civil-order-on-hrh-prince-mohammed-bin-salman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBashir2021" class="citation news cs1">Bashir, Hassan (7 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303000602">"Mohamed bin Zayed, Mohamed bin Salman review bilateral ties, regional issues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emirates_News_Agency" title="Emirates News Agency">Emirates News Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229125127/http://wam.ae/en/details/1395303000602">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emirates+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Mohamed+bin+Zayed%2C+Mohamed+bin+Salman+review+bilateral+ties%2C+regional+issues&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft.aulast=Bashir&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wam.ae%2Fen%2Fdetails%2F1395303000602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622068">"Jordan confers highest civilian award on Crown Prince"</a>. Saudi Gazette. 22 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220621223106/https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622068">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Gazette&rft.atitle=Jordan+confers+highest+civilian+award+on+Crown+Prince&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudigazette.com.sa%2Farticle%2F622068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koha.net/en/arboretum/404220/zelensky-decorates-ramen-with-state-award/">"Zelensky decorates Rama with a state award"</a>. KOHA. 30 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zelensky+decorates+Rama+with+a+state+award&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koha.net%2Fen%2Farboretum%2F404220%2Fzelensky-decorates-ramen-with-state-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Mohammed bin Salman at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mohammad bin Salman">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" class="extiw" title="q:Mohammed bin Salman">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6892571" class="extiw" title="d:Q6892571">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houseofsaud.com/saudi-royal-family-profiles/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-al-saud/">Official Profile at House of Saud website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_HubbardMark_MazzettiEric_Schmitt2017" class="citation news cs1">Ben Hubbard; Mark Mazzetti; Eric Schmitt (18 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/18/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-nayef-mohammed-bin-salman.html">"Saudi King's Son Plotted Effort to Oust His Rival"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+King%27s+Son+Plotted+Effort+to+Oust+His+Rival&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft.au=Ben+Hubbard&rft.au=Mark+Mazzetti&rft.au=Eric+Schmitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F18%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-nayef-mohammed-bin-salman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/the-crown-prince-of-saudi-arabia/">"The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(American_TV_program)" title="Frontline (American TV program)">Frontline</a>. Season 38. Episode 2. 1 October 2019. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH</a>. Retrieved 3 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frontline&rft.series=Season+38.+Episode+2&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Ffrontline%2Fdocumentary%2Fthe-crown-prince-of-saudi-arabia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammed+bin+Salman" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?112871">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Nayef Al Saud">Muhammad bin Nayef Al Saud</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> First Deputy Prime Minister 21 June 2017 – 27 September 2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Second Deputy Prime Minister 29 April 2015 – 21 June 2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud">Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defense_(Saudi_Arabia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defense (Saudi Arabia)">Minister of Defence</a> 2015–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_bin_Salman_Al_Saud" title="Khalid bin Salman Al Saud">Khalid bin Salman Al Saud</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khaled_al-Tuwaijri" title="Khaled al-Tuwaijri">Khaled al-Tuwaijri</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chief of the Royal Court 2015–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Fahd bin Mohammed bin Saleh Al-Issa</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud">Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia</a> 2022–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Saudi Arabian royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Muhammad bin Nayef</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia</a> 2015–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia</a> 2017–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/18px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/27px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/35px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia" title="Portal:Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/21px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/32px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/42px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="222" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Royalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Royalty">Royalty</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/18px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/28px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crown_princes_of_Saudi_Arabia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4" style="background:#b0c4de;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saudi_Crown_Princes" title="Template:Saudi Crown Princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saudi_Crown_Princes" title="Template talk:Saudi Crown Princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saudi_Crown_Princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saudi Crown Princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crown_princes_of_Saudi_Arabia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia">Crown princes of Saudi Arabia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Emblem of Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/50px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="662" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Saud of Saudi Arabia">Saud bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">Faisal bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud" title="Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud">Muhammad bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Khalid of Saudi Arabia">Khalid bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">Fahd bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_bin_Abdulaziz" title="Sultan bin Abdulaziz">Sultan bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_bin_Abdulaziz" title="Nayef bin Abdulaziz">Nayef bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqrin_bin_Abdulaziz" title="Muqrin bin Abdulaziz">Muqrin bin Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Nayef" title="Muhammad bin Nayef">Muhammad bin Nayef</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammed bin Salman</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Standard of the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Royal Standard of the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/100px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/150px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/200px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heirs_of_sovereign_monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heirs_of_monarchies" title="Template:Current heirs of monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heirs_of_monarchies" title="Template talk:Current heirs of monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heirs_of_monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heirs of monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heirs_of_sovereign_monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heirs_apparent" title="List of current heirs apparent">Current heirs of sovereign monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Lerotholi_Seeiso" title="Prince Lerotholi Seeiso">Lerotholi Seeiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moulay_Hassan,_Crown_Prince_of_Morocco" title="Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco">Moulay Hassan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck">Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Al-Muhtadee Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fumihito,_Crown_Prince_of_Japan" title="Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan">Fumihito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hussein,_Crown_Prince_of_Jordan" title="Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sabah_Al-Khalid_Al-Sabah" title="Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nazrin_Shah_of_Perak" title="Nazrin Shah of Perak">Nazrin Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman"><img alt="Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Theyazin_bin_Haitham" title="Theyazin bin Haitham">Theyazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Al_Thani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani">Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dipangkorn_Rasmijoti" title="Dipangkorn Rasmijoti">Dipangkorn Rasmijoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khaled_bin_Mohamed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan">Khaled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth,_Duchess_of_Brabant" title="Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant">Elisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alois,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein">Alois</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume,_Hereditary_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco">Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands"><img alt="Kingdom of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Catharina-Amalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Haakon,_Crown_Prince_of_Norway" title="Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway">Haakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden" title="Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tupouto%CA%BBa_%CA%BBUlukalala" title="Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala">Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">Current monarchs of sovereign states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_government_of_G20" title="Template:List of current heads of government of G20"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_current_heads_of_government_of_G20" title="Template talk:List of current heads of government of G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_government_of_G20" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of current heads of government of G20"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Faki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Duck-soo" title="Han Duck-soo">Han</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Larbaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Tambèla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca" title="Gervais Ndirakobuca">Ndirakobuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Ngute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Correia e Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Moloua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Halina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Suminwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Makosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua" title="Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua">Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini"><img alt="Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Oury</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Duarte de Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Beugre Mambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Dbeibeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Ntsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Maïga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Djay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Akhannouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Maleiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Kuugongelwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Zeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Ngirente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Trovoada" title="Patrice Trovoada">Trovoada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Sonko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">Sengeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Majaliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Dogbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Madouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Nabbanja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Ankvab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay" title="Tshering Tobgay">Tobgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor"><img alt="East Timor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Gusmão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Sudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Bektenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akylbek_Japarov" title="Akylbek Japarov">Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Siphandone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Mikati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Oyun-Erdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">Oli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok_Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Tok Hun">Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mustafa (economist)">Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Dzhussoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Amarasuriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Al-Jalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Rasulzoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Aripov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Mubarak</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Espot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Asadov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Golovchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Krišto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Kurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Risch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ingrida_%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97" title="Ingrida Šimonytė">Šimonytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Recean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Guillaume" title="Didier Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Vučević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Rossi" title="Viktor Rossi">Rossi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City"><img alt="Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Vérgez Alzaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba"><img alt="Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Wever-Croes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla"><img alt="Anguilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_David_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward David Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands"><img alt="British Virgin Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Wheatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands"><img alt="Cayman Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">O'Connor-Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Marrero Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao"><img alt="Curaçao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Pisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Garry_Conille" title="Garry Conille">Conille</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat"><img alt="Montserrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Meade" title="Reuben Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Adrianzén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue"><img alt="Niue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Tagelagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siaosi_Sovaleni" title="Siaosi Sovaleni">Sovaleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Salwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6892571#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6892571#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6892571#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/564144782718367273105">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqBt7ffYPVpbCKPtJ3WjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1135800162">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2019121473">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20191059747&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1602157055995">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810690513905606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987009157167005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/25676123X">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&oldid=1261073003">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&oldid=1261073003</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1985_births" title="Category:1985 births">1985 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Saudi_Arabian_politicians" title="Category:21st-century Saudi Arabian politicians">21st-century Saudi Arabian politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Children_of_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Children of Salman of Saudi Arabia">Children of Salman of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Critics_of_Islamism" title="Category:Critics of Islamism">Critics of Islamism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crown_princes_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Crown princes of Saudi Arabia">Crown princes of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defense_ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Defense ministers of Saudi Arabia">Defense ministers of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputy_prime_ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Deputy prime ministers of Saudi Arabia">Deputy prime ministers of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_recipients_of_the_Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Category:Foreign recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan">Foreign recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali">Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:King_Saud_University_alumni" title="Category:King Saud University alumni">King Saud University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Riyadh" title="Category:People from Riyadh">People from Riyadh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Prime ministers of Saudi Arabia">Prime ministers of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sons_of_kings" title="Category:Sons of kings">Sons of kings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia">Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_anti-communists" title="Category:Saudi Arabian anti-communists">Saudi Arabian anti-communists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_Arab_nationalists" title="Category:Saudi Arabian Arab nationalists">Saudi Arabian Arab nationalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_billionaires" title="Category:Saudi Arabian billionaires">Saudi Arabian billionaires</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_nationalists" title="Category:Saudi Arabian nationalists">Saudi Arabian nationalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_Sunni_Muslims" title="Category:Saudi Arabian Sunni Muslims">Saudi Arabian Sunni Muslims</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_monarchs" title="Category:Sunni monarchs">Sunni monarchs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_December_2021" title="Category:Use British English from December 2021">Use British English from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2024">Use dmy dates from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_military_person_with_embed" title="Category:Pages using infobox military person with embed">Pages using infobox military person with embed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature" title="Category:Biography with signature">Biography with signature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_March_2018" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2018">Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:Official website not in Wikidata">Official website not in Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 December 2024, at 02:31 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_bin_Salman&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-nkpjc","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.063","walltime":"5.921","ppvisitednodes":{"value":38121,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":978353,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":36296,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":33,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1364153,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4946.403 1 -total"," 47.77% 2362.988 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.71% 1271.637 219 Template:Cite_news"," 14.10% 697.397 113 Template:Cite_web"," 13.26% 655.829 1 Template:Current_heads_of_government"," 10.63% 525.805 4 Template:Infobox"," 10.14% 501.415 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 7.09% 350.907 3 Template:Navbox"," 4.99% 246.852 60 Template:Flagicon"," 3.64% 180.167 1 Template:Current_heirs_of_monarchies"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.088","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22153678,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","740","22.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","10.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","320","9.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","280","8.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","160","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","3.6"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","100","3.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","2.4"],["[others]","1000","29.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-fdpjq","timestamp":"20241204032429","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mohammed bin Salman","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammed_bin_Salman","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6892571","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6892571","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-03-02T23:58:18Z","dateModified":"2024-12-04T02:31:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1e\/Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_With_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman_%2832862953548%29_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"Saudi crown prince (born 1985)"}</script> </body> </html>