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href="#Origin_and_etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Origin and etymology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origin_and_etymology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Origin and etymology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 In other languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trolling,_identity,_and_anonymity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trolling,_identity,_and_anonymity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Trolling, identity, and anonymity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trolling,_identity,_and_anonymity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate,_political,_and_special-interest_sponsored_trolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate,_political,_and_special-interest_sponsored_trolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Corporate, political, and special-interest sponsored trolls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate,_political,_and_special-interest_sponsored_trolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Psychological characteristics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concern_troll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concern_troll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Concern troll </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concern_troll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troll_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troll_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Troll sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troll_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage_and_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage_and_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media coverage and controversy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_coverage_and_controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media coverage and controversy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage_and_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Examples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trolling_advocacy_and_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trolling_advocacy_and_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Trolling advocacy and safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trolling_advocacy_and_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background_and_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Background and definitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_and_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_and_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Academic and debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_and_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Troll (slang)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA)" title="متصيد (إنترنت) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متصيد (إنترنت)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2" title="ইন্টারনেট ট্রল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্টারনেট ট্রল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(b%C4%81ng-l%C5%8D%CD%98_b%C3%BBn-h%C3%B2a)" title="Troll (bāng-lō͘ bûn-hòa) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Troll (bāng-lō͘ bûn-hòa)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="इंटरनेट ट्रोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंटरनेट ट्रोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Интернет трол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Интернет трол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Netzkuitua)" title="Troll (Netzkuitua) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Troll (Netzkuitua)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_trol" title="Internetski trol – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Internetski trol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C3%B1fl_(kenrouedad)" title="Roñfl (kenrouedad) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roñfl (kenrouedad)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(Internet)" title="Trol (Internet) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trol (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(internet)" title="Troll (internet) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Troll (internet)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B4l" title="Trôl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trôl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll" title="Troll – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Troll" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Netzkultur)" title="Troll (Netzkultur) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Troll (Netzkultur)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetitroll" title="Internetitroll – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Internetitroll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB_(%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BF)" title="Τρολ (Διαδίκτυο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρολ (Διαδίκτυο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(Internet)" title="Trol (Internet) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trol (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interreta_trolo" title="Interreta trolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interreta trolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ترول اینترنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترول اینترنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll" title="Troll – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Troll" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(Internet)" title="Trol (Internet) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trol (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%84" title="ترؤل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ترؤل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A4_(%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7)" title="트롤 (인터넷) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트롤 (인터넷)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC_(%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Թրոլ (սլենգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թրոլ (սլենգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F)" title="ट्रॉल (इण्टरनेट) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्रॉल (इण्टरनेट)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_trol" title="Internetski trol – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Internetski trol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakat" title="Sakat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sakat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettr%C3%B6ll" title="Nettröll – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nettröll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="טרול (אינטרנט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרול (אינטרנט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="ტროლი (ინტერნეტი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტროლი (ინტერნეტი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troli_wa_mtandaoni" title="Troli wa mtandaoni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Troli wa mtandaoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99" title="ຫ້ຽນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຫ້ຽນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollis_(internets)" title="Trollis (internets) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trollis (internets)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolis_(internete)" title="Trolis (internete) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trolis (internete)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(internet)" title="Trol (internet) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Trol (internet)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(internet)" title="Troll (internet) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Troll (internet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Семрежен трол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семрежен трол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ട്രോൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ട്രോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ترول الانترنت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ترول الانترنت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="ترول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ترول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(anternete)" title="Troll (anternete) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Troll (anternete)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(internet)" title="Trol (internet) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trol (internet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%92%E3%82%89%E3%81%97" title="荒らし – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="荒らし" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettroll" title="Nettroll – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nettroll" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਟਰੋਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਟਰੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(internet)" title="Trol (internet) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trol (internet)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll" title="Troll – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Troll" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Интернет-тролль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интернет-тролль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolli_(Internet)" title="Trolli (Internet) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Trolli (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollu_(internet)" title="Trollu (internet) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Trollu (internet)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(internet)" title="Troll (internet) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Troll (internet)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%B5" title="ترۆڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ترۆڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Интернет трол – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интернет трол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_trol" title="Internetski trol – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Internetski trol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolli_(internet)" title="Trolli (internet) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trolli (internet)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internettroll" title="Internettroll – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internettroll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เกรียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกรียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trol_(%C4%B0nternet)" title="Trol (İnternet) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trol (İnternet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3)" title="Троль (сленг) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Троль (сленг)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_(%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9)" title="بالشتیہ (انٹرنیٹ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بالشتیہ (انٹرنیٹ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" title="Troll (Internet) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Troll (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%99%BD" title="网络小白 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="网络小白" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98)" title="טראל (אינטערנעט) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טראל (אינטערנעט)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9B%AE" title="白目 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白目" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E7%99%BD%E7%9B%AE" title="網路白目 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="網路白目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11281#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trolling&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolling">Trolling</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person who sows discord online</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Trolling" redirects here. For the method of fishing, see <a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling (fishing)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Troll_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Troll (disambiguation)">Troll (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_vandalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wikipedia_vandalism.svg/260px-Wikipedia_vandalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wikipedia_vandalism.svg/390px-Wikipedia_vandalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wikipedia_vandalism.svg/520px-Wikipedia_vandalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>A revision of a Wikipedia article shows a troll <a href="/wiki/Vandalism_on_Wikipedia" title="Vandalism on Wikipedia">vandalizing</a> an article on Wikipedia by replacing content with an insult.</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>, a troll is a person who posts deliberately offensive or provocative messages online<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (such as in <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsgroup">newsgroup</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forum</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">chat room</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">online video game</a>) or who performs similar behaviors in real life. The methods and motivations of trolls can range from benign to sadistic. These messages can be inflammatory, <a href="/wiki/Insincerity" class="mw-redirect" title="Insincerity">insincere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digression" title="Digression">digressive</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extraneous#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:extraneous">extraneous</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Off-topic" class="mw-redirect" title="Off-topic">off-topic</a>, and may have the intent of provoking others into displaying <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotional</a> responses,<a href="#cite_note-PCMAG_def-3">[3]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Psychological_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological manipulation">manipulating</a> others' perception, thus acting as a <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bully</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Agent_provocateur" title="Agent provocateur">provocateur</a>. The behavior is typically for the troll's amusement, or to achieve a specific result such as disrupting a rival's online activities or purposefully causing confusion or harm to other people.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Trolling behaviors involve tactical aggression to incite emotional responses, which can adversely affect the target's well-being.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In this context, the noun and the verb forms of "troll" are frequently associated with Internet discourse. Recently, media attention has equated trolling with <a href="/wiki/Online_harassment" class="mw-redirect" title="Online harassment">online harassment</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Mail" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Today_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Today Show">The Today Show</a> have used "troll" to mean "a person who defaces <a href="/wiki/Online_memorial" title="Online memorial">Internet tribute sites</a> with the aim of causing grief to families".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trolling:TheTodayShowExplorestheDarkSideoftheInternet-7">[7]</a> In addition, depictions of trolling have been included in popular fictional works, such as the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> television program <a href="/wiki/The_Newsroom_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Newsroom (U.S. TV series)">The Newsroom</a>, in which a main character encounters harassing persons online and tries to infiltrate their circles by posting negative sexual comments.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div> Application of the term troll is <a href="/wiki/Subjectivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjectivity">subjective</a>. Some readers may characterize a post as trolling, while others may regard the same post as a legitimate contribution to the discussion, even if controversial.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> More potent acts of trolling are blatant <a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">harassment</a> or off-topic banter.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> However, the term Internet troll has also been applied to information warfare, hate speech, and even political <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The "<a href="/wiki/Trollface" title="Trollface">Trollface</a>" is an image occasionally used to indicate trolling in Internet culture.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The word is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to anyone with controversial or differing opinions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> Such usage goes against the ordinary meaning of troll in multiple ways. While <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologists</a> have determined that <a href="/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder" title="Sadistic personality disorder">psychopathological sadism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark_triad" title="Dark triad">dark triad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dark_tetrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark tetrad">dark tetrad</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychological_trait" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological trait">personality traits</a> are common among Internet trolls,<a href="#cite_note-Dynel_2016-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-JournalofPersonality-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comput._Hum._Behav.-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPSP.org-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a> some observers claim that trolls do not believe the controversial views they claim. <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Manjoo" title="Farhad Manjoo">Farhad Manjoo</a> criticises this view, noting that if the person is trolling, they are more intelligent than their critics would believe.<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DoNotFeedTroll.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/DoNotFeedTroll.svg/220px-DoNotFeedTroll.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/DoNotFeedTroll.svg/330px-DoNotFeedTroll.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/DoNotFeedTroll.svg/440px-DoNotFeedTroll.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>The advice to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ignore" class="extiw" title="wikt:ignore">ignore</a> rather than engage with a troll is sometimes phrased as "Please don't feed the trolls".</figcaption></figure> One common strategy for dealing with online trolls is to ignore them. This approach, known as "don't feed the trolls," is based on the idea that trolls seek attention and reactions. By withholding these, the troll may lose interest and stop their disruptive behavior. However, ignoring trolls is not always effective. Some argue that trolls may interpret a lack of response as a weakness and escalate their harassment. Reporting the troll to the platform administrators may be necessary in such cases. Most online platforms have guidelines against harassment and abuse, and reporting the troll can lead to their account being suspended or banned.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_etymology">Origin and etymology</h2></div> There are competing theories of where and when "troll" was first used in Internet slang, with numerous unattested accounts of <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> origins in the early 1980s or before.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The English noun "troll" in the standard sense of ugly dwarf or giant dates to 1610 and originates from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> word "<a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">troll</a>" meaning <a href="/wiki/Giant_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant (mythology)">giant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary-23">[23]</a> The word evokes the trolls of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian folklore">Scandinavian folklore</a> and children's tales: antisocial, quarrelsome and slow-witted creatures which make life difficult for travelers.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Trolls have existed in folklore and fantasy literature for centuries, and online trolling has been around for as long as the Internet has existed.<a href="#cite_note-Vicente-26">[26]</a> In modern English usage, "<a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">trolling</a>" may describe the <a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">fishing technique</a> of slowly dragging a lure or baited hook from a moving boat,<a href="#cite_note-merriam-webster-27">[27]</a> whereas <a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">trawling</a> describes the generally commercial act of dragging a fishing net. Early non-Internet slang use of "trolling" can be found in the military: by 1972 the term "trolling for <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan" title="Mikoyan">MiGs</a>" was documented in use by <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> pilots in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. It referred to use of "...decoys, with the mission of drawing...fire away..."<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The contemporary use of the term is said to have appeared on the Internet in the late 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-GoogleUsenet-30">[30]</a> but the earliest known attestation according to the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> is in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-oed-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChanAFU-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-EsanAFU-33">[33]</a> The context of the quote cited in the Oxford English Dictionary<a href="#cite_note-ChanAFU-32">[32]</a> sets the origin in <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> in the early 1990s as in the phrase "trolling for newbies", as used in alt.folklore.urban (AFU).<a href="#cite_note-Porter-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-CromarAFU-35">[35]</a> Commonly, what is meant is a relatively gentle inside joke by veteran users, presenting questions or topics that had been so overdone that only a new user would respond to them earnestly. For example, a veteran of the group might make a post on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions" title="List of common misconceptions">common misconception</a> that <a href="/wiki/Glass#Reputed_flow" title="Glass">glass flows over time</a>. Long-time readers would both recognize the poster's name and know that the topic had been discussed repeatedly, but new subscribers to the group would not realize, and would thus respond. These types of trolls served as a practice to identify group insiders. This definition of trolling, considerably narrower than the modern understanding of the term, was considered a positive contribution.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-SDope-36">[36]</a> One of the most notorious AFU trollers, David Mikkelson,<a href="#cite_note-Porter-34">[34]</a> went on to create the urban <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> website <a href="/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a>. By the late 1990s, alt.folklore.urban had such heavy traffic and participation that trolling of this sort was frowned upon. Others expanded the term to include the practice of playing a seriously misinformed user, even in <a href="/wiki/Newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsgroup">newsgroups</a> where one was not a regular; these were often attempts at humor rather than provocation. The noun troll usually referred to an act of trolling – or to the resulting discussion – rather than to the author, though some posts punned on the dual meaning of troll.<a href="#cite_note-WilburAFU-37">[37]</a> The August 26, 1997 strip of <a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">webcomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_and_Kell" title="Kevin and Kell">Kevin and Kell</a> used the word troll to describe those that deliberately harass or provoke other Internet users, similar to the modern sense of the word.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_languages">In other languages</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Troll_(slang)" title="Special:EditPage/Troll (slang)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, trolling is referred to as bái mù (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9B%AE" class="extiw" title="zh:白目">白目</a>; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'white eye'), which can be straightforwardly explained as "eyes without pupils", in the sense that while the <a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">pupil</a> of the eye is used for vision, the white section of the eye cannot see, and trolling involves blindly talking nonsense over the Internet, having total disregard to sensitivities or being oblivious to the situation at hand, akin to having eyes without pupils. An alternative term is bái làn (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 白爛; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'white rot'), which describes a post completely nonsensical and full of folly made to upset others, and derives from a Taiwanese slang term for the <a href="/wiki/Human_male_genitalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Human male genitalia">male genitalia</a>, where genitalia that is pale white in color represents that someone is young, and thus foolish. Both terms originate from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and are also used in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>. Another term, xiǎo bái (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 小白; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'little white'), is a derogatory term for both bái mù and bái làn that is used on anonymous posting Internet forums. Another common term for a troll used in mainland China is pēn zi (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 噴子; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'sprayer', 'spurter').<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> the word טרול refers both to internet trolls, who engage in disruptive behavior on social media and online platforms, or to the mythical creatures similar to trolls found in European mythology.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The word is also inflected into a verb form, להטריל, which means to engage in trolling behavior on the internet or social media.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:%C3%BEurs#Icelandic" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:þurs">þurs</a> (a <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">thurs</a>) or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:tr%C3%B6ll#Icelandic" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:tröll">tröll</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">troll</a>) may refer to trolls, the verbs þursa (to troll) or þursast (to be trolling, to troll about) may be used.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:tsuri#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:tsuri">tsuri</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:%E9%87%A3%E3%82%8A#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:釣り">釣り</a>) means "fishing" and refers to intentionally misleading posts whose only purpose is to get the readers to react, i.e. get trolled. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:arashi#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:arashi">Arashi</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:%E8%8D%92%E3%82%89%E3%81%97#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:荒らし">荒らし</a>) means "laying waste" and can also be used to refer to simple <a href="/wiki/Spam_(electronic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (electronic)">spamming</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, nak-si (낚시) means "fishing" and refers to Internet trolling attempts, as well as purposely misleading post titles. A person who recognizes the troll after having responded (or, in case of a post title, nak-si, having read the actual post) would often refer to themselves as a caught fish.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, more commonly in its <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian</a> variant, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troll" class="extiw" title="pt:Troll">troll</a> (pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈtɾɔw]</a> in most of Brazil as <a href="/wiki/Spelling_pronunciation" title="Spelling pronunciation">spelling pronunciation</a>) is the usual term to denote Internet trolls (examples of common derivate terms are trollismo or trollagem, "trolling", and the verb trollar, "to troll", which entered popular use), but an older expression, used by those which want to avoid <a href="/wiki/Anglicism" title="Anglicism">anglicisms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slangs</a>, is <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_do_pombo_enxadrista" class="extiw" title="pt:Complexo do pombo enxadrista">complexo do pombo enxadrista</a> to denote trolling behavior, and pombos enxadristas (literally, "chessplayer pigeons") or simply pombos are the terms used to name the trolls. The terms are explained by an <a href="/wiki/Adage" class="mw-redirect" title="Adage">adage</a> or popular saying: "Arguing with <a href="/wiki/List_of_placeholder_names" title="List of placeholder names">fulano</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/John_Doe" title="John Doe">John Doe</a>) is the same as playing <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon">pigeon</a>: it defecates on the table, drops the pieces and simply flies off, claiming victory."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, the term krian (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:เกรียน">เกรียน</a>) has been adopted to address Internet trolls. According to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of Thailand">Royal Institute of Thailand</a>, the term, which literally refers to a closely cropped hairstyle worn by schoolboys in Thailand, is from the behaviour of these schoolboys who usually gather to play online games and, during which, make annoying, disruptive, impolite, or unreasonable expressions.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trolling,_identity,_and_anonymity">Trolling, identity, and anonymity</h2></div> Early incidents of trolling<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> were considered to be the same as <a href="/wiki/Flaming_(Internet)" title="Flaming (Internet)">flaming</a>, but this has changed with modern usage by the news media to refer to the creation of any content that targets another person. The Internet dictionary, NetLingo, suggests there are four grades of trolling: playtime trolling, tactical trolling, strategic trolling, and domination trolling. The relationship between trolling and flaming was observed in open-access forums in California, on a series of modem-linked computers. CommuniTree was begun in 1978 but was closed in 1982 when accessed by high school teenagers, becoming a ground for trashing and abuse.<a href="#cite_note-guar-46">[46]</a> Some psychologists have suggested that flaming would be caused by <a href="/wiki/Deindividuation" title="Deindividuation">deindividuation</a> or decreased self-evaluation: <a href="/wiki/Online_disinhibition_effect" title="Online disinhibition effect">the anonymity of online postings would lead to disinhibition</a> amongst individuals.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Others have suggested that although flaming and trolling is often unpleasant, it may be a form of normative behavior that expresses the <a href="/wiki/Social_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social identity">social identity</a> of a certain user group.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> According to Tom Postmes, a professor of social and organisational psychology at the universities of Exeter, England, and Groningen, The Netherlands, and the author of Individuality and the Group, who has studied online behavior for 20 years, "Trolls aspire to violence, to the level of trouble they can cause in an environment. They want it to kick off. They want to promote antipathetic emotions of disgust and outrage, which morbidly gives them a sense of pleasure."<a href="#cite_note-guar-46">[46]</a> Someone who brings something off topic into the conversation in order to make that person mad is trolling.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The practice of trolling has been documented by a number of academics since the 1990s. This included <a href="/wiki/Steven_Johnson_(author)" title="Steven Johnson (author)">Steven Johnson</a> in 1997 in the book Interface Culture, and a paper by <a href="/wiki/Judith_Donath" title="Judith Donath">Judith Donath</a> in 1999. Donath's paper outlines the ambiguity of identity in a disembodied "<a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">virtual community</a>" such as <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In the physical world there is an inherent unity to the self, for the body provides a compelling and convenient definition of identity. The norm is: one body, one identity ... The virtual world is different. It is composed of information rather than matter.<a href="#cite_note-mit-51">[51]</a></blockquote> Donath provides a concise overview of <a href="/wiki/Identity_deception" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity deception">identity deception</a> games which trade on the confusion between physical and <a href="/wiki/Epistemic_community" title="Epistemic community">epistemic community</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Trolling is a game about identity deception, albeit one that is played without the consent of most of the players. The troll attempts to pass as a legitimate participant, sharing the group's common interests and concerns; the newsgroup's or forum's members, if they are cognizant of trolls and other identity deceptions, attempt to both distinguish real from trolling postings, and upon judging a poster a troll, make the offending poster leave the group. Their success at the former depends on how well they – and the troll – understand identity cues; their success at the latter depends on whether the troll's enjoyment is sufficiently diminished or outweighed by the costs imposed by the group.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Phillips_(author)" title="Whitney Phillips (author)">Whitney Phillips</a> observes in This is Why We Can't Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship Between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture that certain behaviors are consistent among different types of trolls. First, trolls of the subcultural variety self-identify as trolls.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Trolls are also motivated by what is known as <a href="/wiki/Lulz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulz">lulz</a>, a type of unsympathetic, ambiguous laughter. The final behavior is the insistent need for anonymity. According to Phillips, anonymity allows trolls to engage in behaviors they would not replicate in professional or public settings, with the effectiveness of trolling often being dependent upon the target's lack of anonymity. This can include the disclosure of real-life attachments, interests, and vulnerabilities of the target. A troll can disrupt the discussion on a newsgroup or online forum, disseminate bad advice, and damage the feeling of trust in the online community. In a group that has become sensitized to trolling – where the rate of deception is high – many honestly naïve questions may be quickly rejected as trolling. This can be quite off-putting to the new user who upon first posting is immediately bombarded with angry accusations. Even if the accusations are unfounded, being branded a troll may be damaging to one's online reputation.<a href="#cite_note-mit-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Herring" title="Susan Herring">Susan Herring</a> and colleagues, in "Searching for Safety Online: Managing 'Trolling' in a Feminist Forum", point out the difficulty inherent in monitoring trolling and maintaining freedom of speech in online communities: "harassment often arises in spaces known for their freedom, lack of censure, and experimental nature".<a href="#cite_note-IUinformatics-53">[53]</a> Free speech may lead to tolerance of trolling behavior, complicating the members' efforts to maintain an open, yet supportive discussion area, especially for sensitive topics such as race, gender, and sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-IUinformatics-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a> laws vary by state, as trolling is not a crime under U.S. federal law.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In an effort to reduce uncivil behavior by increasing accountability, many web sites (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a>) now require commenters to register their names and e-mail addresses.<a href="#cite_note-zhao.2010-55">[55]</a> Trolling itself has become its own form of Internet subculture and has developed its own set of rituals, rules, specialized language, and dedicated spaces of practice.<a href="#cite_note-:3-56">[56]</a> The appeal of trolling primarily comes from the thrill of how long one can keep the ruse going before getting caught, and exposed as a troll. When understood this way, Internet trolls are less like vulgar, indiscriminate bullies, and closer to countercultural respondents to a (so called) overly sensitive public. The main elements of why people troll are interactions; trolling exists in the interactive communications between Internet users, influencing people's views both from objective and emotional standpoints. Further, trolling does not target a single individual, but rather targets multiple members of a discussion. Trolling can be easily identified by its offensive content, intended to provoke an emotional reaction from an audience.<a href="#cite_note-:3-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate,_political,_and_special-interest_sponsored_trolls">Corporate, political, and special-interest sponsored trolls</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_Internet_propaganda" title="State-sponsored Internet propaganda">State-sponsored Internet propaganda</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/50_Cent_Party" title="50 Cent Party">50 Cent Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Water_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Water Army">Internet Water Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Earnest_Voice" title="Operation Earnest Voice">Operation Earnest Voice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_brigades" title="Public opinion brigades">Public opinion brigades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Army_of_Trolls" title="Bolivarian Army of Trolls">Bolivarian Army of Trolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_web_brigades" title="Russian web brigades">Russian web brigades</a>, <a href="/wiki/AK_Trolls" title="AK Trolls">AK Trolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_diplomacy_of_Israel" title="Public diplomacy of Israel">Public diplomacy of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Threat_Research_Intelligence_Group" title="Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group">Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Megaphone_desktop_tool" title="Megaphone desktop tool">Megaphone desktop tool</a></div> Organizations and countries may utilize trolls to manipulate public opinion as part and parcel of an <a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturfing</a> initiative. When trolling is sponsored by the government, it is often called state-sponsored Internet propaganda or state-sponsored trolling. Teams of sponsored trolls are sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Sockpuppet_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sockpuppet (Internet)">sockpuppet</a> armies.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> A 2016 study by Harvard political scientist <a href="/wiki/Gary_King_(political_scientist)" title="Gary King (political scientist)">Gary King</a> reported that the Chinese government's <a href="/wiki/50_Cent_Party" title="50 Cent Party">50 Cent Party</a> creates 440 million pro-government social media posts per year.<a href="#cite_note-:1-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The report said that government employees were paid to create pro-government posts around the time of national holidays to avoid mass political protests. The Chinese Government ran an editorial in the state-funded <a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a> defending <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">censorship</a> and 50 Cent Party trolls.<a href="#cite_note-:1-58">[58]</a> A 2016 study for the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence on <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_warfare" title="Hybrid warfare">hybrid warfare</a> notes that the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> "demonstrated how fake identities and accounts were used to disseminate narratives through social media, blogs, and web commentaries in order to manipulate, harass, or deceive opponents."<a href="#cite_note-NATO2016-60">[60]</a>: 3  The NATO report describes that a "Wikipedia troll" uses a type of message design where a troll does not add "emotional value" to reliable "essentially true" information in re-posts, but presents it "in the wrong context, intending the audience to draw false conclusions." For example, information, without context, from Wikipedia about the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">military history of the United States</a> "becomes value-laden if it is posted in the comment section of an article criticizing Russia for its military actions and interests in Ukraine. The Wikipedia troll is 'tricky', because in terms of actual text, the information is true, but the way it is expressed gives it a completely different meaning to its readers."<a href="#cite_note-NATO2016-60">[60]</a>: 62  Unlike "classic trolls", Wikipedia trolls "have no emotional input, they just supply <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a>" and are one of "the most dangerous" as well as one of "the most effective trolling message designs."<a href="#cite_note-NATO2016-60">[60]</a>: 70, 76  Even among people who are "emotionally immune to aggressive messages" and apolitical, "training in <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a>" is needed, according to the NATO report, because "they have relatively blind trust in Wikipedia sources and are not able to filter information that comes from platforms they consider authoritative."<a href="#cite_note-NATO2016-60">[60]</a>: 72  While Russian-language hybrid trolls use the Wikipedia troll message design to promote <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">anti-Western sentiment</a> in comments, they "mostly attack aggressively to maintain <a href="/wiki/Emotional_attachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional attachment">emotional attachment</a> to issues covered in articles."<a href="#cite_note-NATO2016-60">[60]</a>: 75  Discussions about topics other than <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis">international sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis</a> "attracted very aggressive trolling" and became polarized, according to the NATO report, which "suggests that in subjects in which there is little potential for re-educating audiences, emotional harm is considered more effective" for pro-Russian Latvian-language trolls.<a href="#cite_note-NATO2016-60">[60]</a>: 76  A 2016 study on fluoridation decision-making in Israel coined the term "Uncertainty Bias" to describe the efforts of power in government, public health and media to aggressively advance agendas by misrepresentation of historical and scientific fact. The authors noted that authorities tended to overlook or to deny situations that involve uncertainty while making unscientific arguments and disparaging comments in order to undermine opposing positions.<a href="#cite_note-ISRAEL2016-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported in late October 2018 that <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> used an online army of <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> trolls to harass the late Saudi dissident journalist <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> and other critics of the Saudi government.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In October 2018, The Daily Telegraph reported that <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> "banned hundreds of pages and accounts which it says were fraudulently flooding its site with partisan political content – although they came from the US instead of being associated with Russia."<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> While corporate networking site LinkedIn is considered a platform of good taste and professionalism, companies searching for personal information by promoting jobs that were not real and fake accounts posting political messages has caught the company off guard.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychological_characteristics">Psychological characteristics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a>. Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22internet+troll%22+psychological+characteristics">"internet troll" psychological characteristics</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22internet+troll%22+psychological+characteristics+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22internet+troll%22+psychological+characteristics&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22internet+troll%22+psychological+characteristics+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22internet+troll%22+psychological+characteristics">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22internet+troll%22+psychological+characteristics&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (March 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Aerger.jpg/220px-Aerger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Aerger.jpg/330px-Aerger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Aerger.jpg/440px-Aerger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="1307" /></a><figcaption>Aggravation by <a href="/wiki/Briton_Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Briton Rivière">Briton Rivière</a> (1896). Radford suggests that many trolls perceive themselves as <a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">jester</a>-like figures, tormenting their targets from a position of relative safety.<a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-65">[65]</a></figcaption></figure> Researcher <a href="/wiki/Ben_Radford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Radford">Ben Radford</a> wrote about the phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">clowns</a> in history and the modern day in his book Bad Clowns, and found that "bad clowns" have evolved into Internet trolls.<a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-65">[65]</a> They do not dress up as traditional clowns but, for their own amusement, they tease and exploit "human foibles" in order to speak the "truth" and gain a reaction.<a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-65">[65]</a> Like clowns in make-up, Internet trolls hide behind "anonymous accounts and fake usernames".<a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-65">[65]</a> In their eyes, they are the <a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">trickster</a> and are performing for a nameless audience via the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-65">[65]</a> Studies conducted in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyberpsychology" title="Cyberpsychology">cyberpsychology</a> by other researchers have corroborated Radford's analysis on the phenomenon of Internet trolling as a form of deception-serving <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> and its correlations to <a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">aggressive behaviour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katagelasticism" title="Katagelasticism">katagelasticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black humor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dark_tetrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark tetrad">Dark tetrad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dynel_2016-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-JournalofPersonality-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comput._Hum._Behav.-18">[18]</a> Trolling correlates positively with <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">sadism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-JournalofPersonality-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comput._Hum._Behav.-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPSP.org-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trait_theory" title="Trait theory">trait</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopathy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-JournalofPersonality-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comput._Hum._Behav.-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPSP.org-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(psychology)" title="Machiavellianism (psychology)">Machiavellianism</a><a href="#cite_note-Coping_with_Internet_Trolls-66">[66]</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Dark_triad" title="Dark triad">dark triad</a>). Trolls take pleasure from causing <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffering" title="Suffering">emotional suffering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JournalofPersonality-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPSP.org-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a> Their ability to upset or harm gives them a feeling of power.<a href="#cite_note-Coping_with_Internet_Trolls-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychological_research" title="Psychological research">Psychological researches</a> conducted in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">personality psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyberpsychology" title="Cyberpsychology">cyberpsychology</a> report that trolling behaviour qualifies as an <a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">anti-social behaviour</a> and is strongly correlated to <a href="/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder" title="Sadistic personality disorder">sadistic personality disorder</a> (SPD).<a href="#cite_note-JournalofPersonality-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPSP.org-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a> Researches have shown that <a href="/wiki/Men" class="mw-redirect" title="Men">men</a>, compared with <a href="/wiki/Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Women">women</a>, are more likely to perpetrate trolling behaviour; these gender differences in online anti-social behaviour may be a reflection of <a href="/wiki/Gender_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender stereotypes">gender stereotypes</a>, where agentic characteristics such as competitiveness and dominance <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">are encouraged in men</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The results corroborated that gender (male) is a significant predictor of trolling behaviour, alongside trait psychopathy and sadism to be significant positive predictors.<a href="#cite_note-Cyberpsychology-20">[20]</a> Moreover, these studies have shown that people who enjoy trolling online tend to also enjoy hurting other people in everyday life, therefore corroborating a longstanding and persistent pattern of psychopathological sadism.<a href="#cite_note-SPSP.org-19">[19]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalytic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexologic</a> study on the phenomenon of Internet trolling asserts that <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymity</a> increases the incidence of the trolling behaviour, and that "the internet is becoming a <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">medium</a> to invest our anxieties and not thinking about the repercussions of trolling and affecting the victims mentally and incite a sense of guilt and shame within them".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concern_troll">Concern troll</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">Astroturfing</a></div> Concern trolls pretend to be sympathetic to a certain <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(cognitive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspective (cognitive)">point of view</a> which they are actually critical of. A concern troll will often declare an interest in joining or allying with a certain cause, while subtly ridiculing it.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The concern troll posts in web forums devoted to their declared point of view and attempts to sway the group's actions or opinions while claiming to <a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">share their goals</a>, but with professed "concerns". The goal is to sow <a href="/wiki/Fear,_uncertainty,_and_doubt" title="Fear, uncertainty, and doubt">fear, uncertainty, and doubt</a> within the group, sometimes by appealing to <a href="/wiki/Call-out_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-out culture">outrage culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timemag-71">[71]</a> For example, a person who <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">wishes to shame obese people</a>, but disguises this impulse as concern for the health of overweight people, could be considered a concern troll.<a href="#cite_note-NationalReview-72">[72]</a> A verifiable example of concern trolling within politics occurred in 2006 when Tad Furtado, a member of staff for then-Congressman <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bass" title="Charles Bass">Charles Bass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>-<a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">N.H.</a>), was caught posing as a "concerned" supporter of Bass's opponent, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hodes" title="Paul Hodes">Paul Hodes</a>, on several liberal <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> blogs, using the pseudonyms "IndieNH" or "IndyNH". "IndyNH" expressed concern that Democrats might just be wasting their time or money on Hodes, because Bass was unbeatable.<a href="#cite_note-ConcordMonitor-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-WMUR-74">[74]</a> Hodes eventually won the election.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Although the term "concern troll" originated in discussions of online behavior, it now sees increasing use to describe similar offline behaviors. For example, James Wolcott of <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> accused a conservative <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> columnist of "concern troll" behavior in his efforts to downplay the <a href="/wiki/Mark_Foley_scandal" title="Mark Foley scandal">Mark Foley scandal</a>. Wolcott links what he calls concern trolls to what <a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Saul Alinsky</a> calls "Do-Nothings", giving a long quote from Alinsky on the Do-Nothings' method and effects: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">These Do-Nothings profess a commitment to social change for ideals of justice, equality, and opportunity, and then abstain from and discourage all effective action for change. They are known by their brand, 'I agree with your ends but not your means'.<a href="#cite_note-vanfair-76">[76]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a> published an op-ed piece by <a href="/wiki/Markos_Moulitsas" title="Markos Moulitsas">Markos Moulitsas</a> of the liberal blog <a href="/wiki/Daily_Kos" title="Daily Kos">Daily Kos</a> titled "Dems: Ignore 'Concern Trolls'". The concern trolls in question were not Internet participants but rather Republicans offering public advice and warnings to the Democrats that could be considered deceptive.<a href="#cite_note-thehill-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Troll_sites">Troll sites</h2></div> The online forum <a href="/wiki/TOTSE" title="TOTSE">TOTSE</a>, as created in 1997, is considered one of the earliest trolling communities, predating 4chan by several years.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> A <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> article discussed troll activity at <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Dramatica" title="Encyclopedia Dramatica">Encyclopedia Dramatica</a>, which it described as "an online compendium of troll humor and troll lore".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-29">[29]</a> 4chan's /b/ board is recognized as "one of the Internet's most infamous and active trolling hotspots".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> This site and others are often used as a base to troll against sites that their members cannot normally post on. These trolls feed off the reactions of their victims because "their agenda is to take delight in causing trouble".<a href="#cite_note-foxsp-80">[80]</a> Places like Reddit, 4chan, and other anonymous message boards are prime real-estate for online trolls. Because there is no easy way of tracing who someone is, trolls can post very inflammatory content without repercussion.<a href="#cite_note-Vicente-26">[26]</a> The online French group <a href="/wiki/Ligue_du_LOL" title="Ligue du LOL">Ligue du LOL</a> has been accused of organized harassment and described as a troll group.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage_and_controversy">Media coverage and controversy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject. You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troll_(slang)&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Troll_(slang)" title="Talk:Troll (slang)">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate. (October 2015) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Mainstream media outlets have focused their attention on the willingness of some Internet users to go to extreme lengths to participate in organized <a href="/wiki/Psychological_harassment" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological harassment">psychological harassment</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> In February 2010, the Australian government became involved after users defaced the Facebook tribute pages of murdered children Trinity Bates and Elliott Fletcher. Australian communications minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Conroy" title="Stephen Conroy">Stephen Conroy</a> decried the attacks, committed mainly by 4chan users, as evidence of the need for greater Internet regulation, stating, "This argument that the Internet is some mystical creation that no laws should apply to, that is a recipe for anarchy and the wild west."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Facebook responded by strongly urging administrators to be aware of ways to ban users and remove inappropriate content from Facebook pages.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">Daily Telegraph</a> started a campaign to take action against "Twitter trolls", who abuse and threaten users. Several high-profile Australians including <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Dawson" title="Charlotte Dawson">Charlotte Dawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Farah" title="Robbie Farah">Robbie Farah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Dundovic" title="Laura Dundovic">Laura Dundovic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Hadley" title="Ray Hadley">Ray Hadley</a> have been victims of this phenomenon.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> According to journalist Swati Chaturvedi and others, the ruling <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) runs networks of social media trolls tasked with intimidating political opponents.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Bollywood</a> celebrities can face strong social media backlash for their political comments.<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a> When actor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a> criticized the country's intolerance and called for secularism, many promoted a boycott of his upcoming movie, including several right-wing politicians, one of whom compared Khan to a terrorist.<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In 2015, when the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> state government banned the sale and consumption of cattle meat (reflecting Hindu beliefs), online trolls attacked stars who criticized the law; actor <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Kapoor" title="Rishi Kapoor">Rishi Kapoor</a> received insults and had his Hindu faith questioned.<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a> Though the death sentence of convicted terrorist <a href="/wiki/Yakub_Memon" title="Yakub Memon">Yakub Memon</a> was criticized by "many", including human rights activists and a former Supreme Court chief justice, Bollywood star <a href="/wiki/Salman_Khan" title="Salman Khan">Salman Khan</a> received "overwhelming" online anger for expressing the same views; the trolling spilled over into real life, with some protestors burning his effigy.<a href="#cite_note-:4-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Newslaundry covered the phenomenon of "Twitter trolling" in its "Criticles",<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> also characterizing Twitter trolls in its weekly podcasts.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The Kerala troll community has founded to new malayalam troll slangs in Kerala, some troll events have gone viral and then its use of new words has given rise to new words. The main words is, Kummanadi, OMKV and Kiduve (Kidu) <a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Japan#Use_and_effects_of_the_Internet_in_Japan" title="Internet in Japan">Internet in Japan § Use and effects of the Internet in Japan</a></div> In July 2022, Japanese law banned "online insults", punishable by up to one year of imprisonment. Under this law, an "insult" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%AE%E8%BE%B1%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侮辱罪 (page does not exist)">侮辱罪</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%AE%E8%BE%B1%E7%BD%AA" class="extiw" title="ja:侮辱罪">ja</a>]) is defined as "publicly demeaning someone's social standing without referring to specific facts about them or a specific action."<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> In the United Kingdom, contributions made to the Internet are covered by the <a href="/wiki/Malicious_Communications_Act_1988" title="Malicious Communications Act 1988">Malicious Communications Act 1988</a> as well as Section 127 of the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a>, under which jail sentences were, until 2015, limited to a maximum of six months.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews-98">[98]</a> In October 2014, the UK's Justice Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Chris Grayling</a>, said that "Internet trolls" would face up to two years in jail, under measures in the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill that extend the maximum sentence and time limits for bringing prosecutions.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The House of Lords Select Committee on Communications had earlier recommended against creating a specific offence of trolling. Sending messages which are "grossly offensive or of an indecent, obscene or menacing character" is an offence whether they are received by the intended recipient or not. Several people have been imprisoned in the UK for online harassment.<a href="#cite_note-Tom_de_Castella_and_Virginia_Brown-100">[100]</a> Trolls of the testimonial page of Georgia Varley faced no prosecution due to misunderstandings of the legal system in the wake of the term trolling being popularized.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In October 2012, a twenty-year-old man was jailed for twelve weeks for posting offensive jokes to a support group for friends and family of <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_April_Jones" title="Murder of April Jones">April Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Between 2008 and 2017, 5,332 people in London were arrested and charged for behavior on social media deemed in violation of Communications Act 2003.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> On 31 March 2010, NBC's <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a> ran a segment detailing the deaths of three separate adolescent girls and trolls' subsequent reactions to their deaths. Shortly after the suicide of high school student Alexis Pilkington, anonymous posters began performing organized psychological harassment across various message boards, referring to Pilkington as a "suicidal slut", and posting graphic images on her <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> memorial page. The segment also included an exposé of a 2006 accident, in which an eighteen-year-old fatally crashed her father's car into a highway pylon; trolls emailed her grieving family the leaked pictures of her mutilated corpse (see <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Catsouras_photographs_controversy" title="Nikki Catsouras photographs controversy">Nikki Catsouras photographs controversy</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Trolling:TheTodayShowExplorestheDarkSideoftheInternet-7">[7]</a> In 2007, the media was fooled by trollers into believing that students were consuming a drug called <a href="/wiki/Jenkem" title="Jenkem">Jenkem</a>, purportedly made of human waste. A user named Pickwick on <a href="/wiki/TOTSE" title="TOTSE">TOTSE</a> posted pictures implying that he was inhaling this drug. Major news corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> reported the story and urged parents to warn their children about this drug. Pickwick's pictures of <a href="/wiki/Jenkem" title="Jenkem">Jenkem</a> were fake and the pictures did not actually feature human waste.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In August 2012, the subject of trolling was featured on the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Television series">television series</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Newsroom_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Newsroom (U.S. TV series)">The Newsroom</a>. The character <a href="/wiki/The_Newsroom_(U.S._TV_series)#Main_cast" class="mw-redirect" title="The Newsroom (U.S. TV series)">Neal Sampat</a> encounters harassing individuals online, particularly looking at <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, and he ends up choosing to post negative comments himself on an economics-related forum. The attempt by the character to infiltrate trolls' inner circles attracted debate from media reviewers critiquing the series.<a href="#cite_note-hitfix-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-indiewire-106">[106]</a> In 2019, it was alleged that progressive Democrats had created a fake Facebook page which mis-represented the political stance of Roy Moore, a Republican candidate, in the attempt to alienate him from pro-business Republicans. It was also alleged that a "false flag" experiment attempted to link Moore to the use of Russian Twitter bots.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, when exposing the scam, quoted a New Knowledge report that boasted of its fabrications: "We orchestrated an elaborate 'false flag' operation that planted the idea that the [Roy] Moore campaign was amplified on social media by a Russian botnet.'"<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> has faced criticism for the behavior of some of his supporters online, but has deflected such criticism, suggesting that "Russians" were impersonating people claiming to be "<a href="/wiki/Bernie_Bro" title="Bernie Bro">Bernie Bro</a>" supporters.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Twitter rejected Sanders' suggestion that Russia could be responsible for the bad reputation of his supporters. A Twitter spokesperson told <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>: "Using technology and human review in concert, we proactively monitor Twitter to identify attempts at platform manipulation and mitigate them. As is standard, if we have reasonable evidence of state-backed information operations, we'll disclose them following our thorough investigation to our public archive — the largest of its kind in the industry."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Twitter had suspended 70 troll accounts that posted content in support of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">presidential campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The 45th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald J. Trump">Donald Trump</a> infamously used Twitter to denigrate his political opponents and spread misinformation for which he earned the moniker "Troll-In-Chief" by <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div> So-called Gold Membership trolling originated in 2007 on <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> boards, when users posted fake images claiming to offer upgraded 4chan account privileges; without a "Gold" account, one could not view certain content. This turned out to be a hoax designed to fool board members, especially newcomers. It was copied and became an <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a>. In some cases, this type of troll has been used as a scam, most notably on Facebook, where fake Facebook Gold Account upgrade ads have proliferated in order to link users to dubious websites and other content.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The case of <a href="/wiki/Zeran_v._America_Online,_Inc." title="Zeran v. America Online, Inc.">Zeran v. America Online, Inc.</a> resulted primarily from trolling. Six days after the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a>, anonymous users posted advertisements for shirts celebrating the bombing on AOL message boards, claiming that the shirts could be obtained by contacting Mr. Kenneth Zeran. The posts listed Zeran's address and home phone number. Zeran was subsequently harassed.<a href="#cite_note-Bond-114">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scientology_controversies" title="Scientology controversies">Anti-scientology</a> protests by <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a>, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Project_Chanology" title="Project Chanology">Project Chanology</a>, are sometimes labeled as "trolling" by media such as <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> and the participants sometimes explicitly self-identify as "trolls". <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a> website <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a> orchestrates what it calls a "Troll Army", and has encouraged trolling of Jewish MP <a href="/wiki/Luciana_Berger" title="Luciana Berger">Luciana Berger</a> and Muslim activist <a href="/wiki/Mariam_Veiszadeh" title="Mariam Veiszadeh">Mariam Veiszadeh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-116">[116]</a> Ken McCarthy, going by the online pseudonym "Ken M", is considered one of the greatest internet trolls of all time.<a href="#cite_note-:6-117">[117]</a> Ken M is known for trolling forums and comment sections by playing a "well-meaning moron" online. McCarthy compared his trolling to a comedy routine, where strangers who responded to his comments became unwitting "straight men". Ken M would reply with increasingly absurd statements until his ruse was discovered.<a href="#cite_note-:6-117">[117]</a> In 2020, the official <a href="/wiki/Discord_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discord (software)">Discord</a> server and <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> channel for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Esports" title="U.S. Army Esports">U.S. Army Esports</a> team became a target of trolling, as people sent anti-U.S. Army messages, memes, and references to <a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes" title="United States war crimes">war crimes committed by the United States</a> to both.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> When the team started banning users from their Twitch channel for trolling, they were accused of violating the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> by the <a href="/wiki/ACLU" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU">ACLU</a> and Knight First Amendment Institute at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The team has since denied these allegations.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a> columnist Amanda Marcotte, author of Troll Nation: How the Right Became Trump-Worshipping Monsters Set on Rat-F*cking Liberals, America, and Truth Itself (2018), described the <a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">American far-right</a> exclusively male organization <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> pundit <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a>, and podcast host <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Joe Rogan</a> as political commentators who have mastered "the art of trolling as a far-right recruitment strategy" by preying upon the American male insecurities, mediocrity, and fragility.<a href="#cite_note-Marcotte_2021-122">[122]</a> In particular, regarding their respective <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">discriminatory comments about transgender people</a>, she remarks "how crucial gender anxiety is to far-right recruitment".<a href="#cite_note-Marcotte_2021-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfishing" title="Catfishing">Catfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_website" title="Fake news website">Fake news website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame war">Flame war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griefer" title="Griefer">Griefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler" title="Heckler">Heckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit-and-run_posting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit-and-run posting">Hit-and-run posting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_take" title="Hot take">Hot take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_Farms" title="Kiwi Farms">Kiwi Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_supply" title="Narcissistic supply">Narcissistic supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_troll" title="Patent troll">Patent troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Nigras" title="Patriotic Nigras">Patriotic Nigras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poe%27s_law" title="Poe's law">Poe's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Rage farming">Rage farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_gadfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Social gadfly">Social gadfly</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824211107/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/troll">"TROLL English Definition and Meaning | Lexico.com"</a>. 24 August 2022. 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The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190412/https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/12/17561768/dont-feed-the-trolls-online-harassment-abuse">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Don%27t+feed+the+trolls%2C+and+other+hideous+lies&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft.aulast=Joel&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F7%2F12%2F17561768%2Fdont-feed-the-trolls-online-harassment-abuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan" class="citation web cs1">Van, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasvan.com/random-philosophy/internet-slang-where-did-the-word-troll-come-from">"Internet Slang: Where Did The Word Troll Come From?"</a>. Retrieved 13 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Slang%3A+Where+Did+The+Word+Troll+Come+From%3F&rft.aulast=Van&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasvan.com%2Frandom-philosophy%2Finternet-slang-where-did-the-word-troll-come-from&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=troll">"troll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>. Retrieved 14 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=troll&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dtroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFln" class="citation web cs1">ln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trollmother.com/index.php/trollhistory">"Trollmother"</a>. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trollmother&rft.au=ln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrollmother.com%2Findex.php%2Ftrollhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.pace.edu/grendel/projs991a/troll.html">"Trolls. Who are they?"</a>. unknown. Retrieved 3 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trolls.+Who+are+they%3F&rft.pub=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsis.pace.edu%2Fgrendel%2Fprojs991a%2Ftroll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vicente-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vicente_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vicente_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVicente2020" class="citation web cs1">Vicente, Vann (21 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogeek.com/465416/what-is-an-internet-troll-and-how-to-handle-trolls/">"What Is an Internet Troll? (and How to Handle Trolls)"</a>. How-To Geek. Retrieved 20 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How-To+Geek&rft.atitle=What+Is+an+Internet+Troll%3F+%28and+How+to+Handle+Trolls%29&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft.aulast=Vicente&rft.aufirst=Vann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F465416%2Fwhat-is-an-internet-troll-and-how-to-handle-trolls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-merriam-webster-27"><a href="#cite_ref-merriam-webster_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/troll">"troll"</a>. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=troll&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Ftroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Saar1972" class="citation magazine cs1">John Saar (4 February 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EkAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28">"Carrier War"</a>. Life.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Carrier+War&rft.date=1972-02-04&rft.au=John+Saar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEkAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2008" class="citation news cs1">Schwartz, Mattathias (3 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html">"The Trolls Among Us"</a>. The New York Times. pp. MM24. Retrieved 24 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Trolls+Among+Us&rft.pages=MM24&rft.date=2008-08-03&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Mattathias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F08%2F03%2Fmagazine%2F03trolls-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoogleUsenet-30"><a href="#cite_ref-GoogleUsenet_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Mark_S.1990" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Miller, Mark S. (8 February 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/alt.flame/msg/80135728c2dc034b?pli=1">"FOADTAD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.flame">alt.flame</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:131460@sun.Eng.Sun.COM">131460@sun.Eng.Sun.COM</a>. Retrieved 2 June 2009. <q>Just go die in your sleep you mindless flatulent troll.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FOADTAD&rft.pub=alt.flame&rft.date=1990-02-08&rft_id=news%3A131460%40sun.Eng.Sun.COM%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Miller%2C+Mark+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Falt.flame%2Fmsg%2F80135728c2dc034b%3Fpli%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-31"><a href="#cite_ref-oed_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"troll, n.1". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=troll%2C+n.%3Csup%3E1%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChanAFU-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChanAFU_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChanAFU_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan,_Terry1992" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Chan, Terry (8 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/alt.folklore.urban/iNal2CeYkSw/7Mwdly7upPkJ">"Post the FAQ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.folklore.urban">alt.folklore.urban</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:26717@dog.ee.lbl.gov">26717@dog.ee.lbl.gov</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2016. <q>Maybe after I post it, we could go trolling some more and see what happens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post+the+FAQ&rft.pub=alt.folklore.urban&rft.date=1992-10-08&rft_id=news%3A26717%40dog.ee.lbl.gov%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Chan%2C+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Falt.folklore.urban%2FiNal2CeYkSw%2F7Mwdly7upPkJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EsanAFU-33"><a href="#cite_ref-EsanAFU_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsan,_David1992" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Esan, David (2 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/alt.folklore.urban/E26iaSme1t0/mnZfdqUeM9oJ">"Mixed up translations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.folklore.urban">alt.folklore.urban</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:4322@moscom.com">4322@moscom.com</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2016. <q>It just amazes me that when someone goes newbie trolling how many people he catches.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mixed+up+translations&rft.pub=alt.folklore.urban&rft.date=1992-10-02&rft_id=news%3A4322%40moscom.com%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Esan%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Falt.folklore.urban%2FE26iaSme1t0%2FmnZfdqUeM9oJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTepper1997" class="citation book cs1">Tepper, Michele (1997). "Usenet Communities and the Cultural Politics of Information". In Porter, David (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5d2stzIbkqMC">Internet culture</a>. New York, New York, United States: Routledge Inc. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415916837" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415916837"><bdi>978-0415916837</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 March 2009. <q>... the two most notorious trollers in AFU, Ted Frank and Snopes, are also two of the most consistent posters of serious research.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Usenet+Communities+and+the+Cultural+Politics+of+Information&rft.btitle=Internet+culture&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York%2C+United+States&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Routledge+Inc&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0415916837&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5d2stzIbkqMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CromarAFU-35"><a href="#cite_ref-CromarAFU_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCromar,_Scott1992" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Cromar, Scott (9 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/alt.folklore.urban/9gXNdotYPVc/TaD3xbBv-IAJ">"Trolling for Newbies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.folklore.urban">alt.folklore.urban</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:Oct.9.10.26.26.1992.22869@math.rutgers.edu">Oct.9.10.26.26.1992.22869@math.rutgers.edu</a>. Retrieved 16 July 2016. <q>Some people call this game trolling for newbies</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trolling+for+Newbies&rft.pub=alt.folklore.urban&rft.date=1992-10-09&rft_id=news%3AOct.9.10.26.26.1992.22869%40math.rutgers.edu%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Cromar%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Falt.folklore.urban%2F9gXNdotYPVc%2FTaD3xbBv-IAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDope-36"><a href="#cite_ref-SDope_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZotti2000" class="citation web cs1">Zotti, Ed; et al. (14 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1764/what-is-a-troll">"What is a troll?"</a>. The Straight Dope. Retrieved 24 March 2009. <q>To be fair, not all trolls are slimeballs. On some message boards, veteran posters with a mischievous bent occasionally go 'newbie trolling.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+troll%3F&rft.pub=The+Straight+Dope&rft.date=2000-04-14&rft.aulast=Zotti&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2Fcolumns%2Fread%2F1764%2Fwhat-is-a-troll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WilburAFU-37"><a href="#cite_ref-WilburAFU_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilbur,_Tom1993" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Wilbur, Tom (8 February 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/alt.folklore.urban/DjYm8Usd4TQ/oEDd8GixmQAJ">"AFU REALLY REALLY WAY SOUTH"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.folklore.urban">alt.folklore.urban</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:1993Feb8.010006.1589@Csli.Stanford.EDU">1993Feb8.010006.1589@Csli.Stanford.EDU</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2016. <q>Tom "nice troll, by the way" Wilbur</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFU+REALLY+REALLY+WAY+SOUTH&rft.pub=alt.folklore.urban&rft.date=1993-02-08&rft_id=news%3A1993Feb8.010006.1589%40Csli.Stanford.EDU%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Wilbur%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Falt.folklore.urban%2FDjYm8Usd4TQ%2FoEDd8GixmQAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kevinandkell.com/1997/kk0826.html">"Tuesday Aug, 26 1997"</a>. www.kevinandkell.com – Kevin & Kell. Retrieved 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kevinandkell.com+%E2%80%93+Kevin+%26+Kell&rft.atitle=Tuesday+Aug%2C+26+1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kevinandkell.com%2F1997%2Fkk0826.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=42191">"Language Log » The toll of the trolls"</a>. 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Routledge. p. 723. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1351133890" title="Special:BookSources/978-1351133890"><bdi>978-1351133890</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+International+Handbook+of+Sex+Industry+Research&rft.pages=723&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1351133890&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Crowhurst%2C+Isabel&rft.au=Izugbara%2C+Chimaraoke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMHx_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> "The website Geek Feminism Wiki describes concern trolling as behavior conducted by: "a person who participates in a debate as an actual or potential ally who simply has some concerns they need answered before they will ally themselves with a cause. In reality they are a critic" (Geek Feminism, n.d.). I suggest that in the context of this behavior towards sex workers there is another element: feigned concern for the well-being of sex workers, as if sex workers are unable to look out for our own well-being. </li> <li id="cite_note-timemag-71"><a href="#cite_ref-timemag_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Cox, Ana Marie (16 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113090041/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570701,00.html">"Making Mischief on the Web"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570701,00.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Making+Mischief+on+the+Web&rft.date=2006-12-16&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Ana+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1570701%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalReview-72"><a href="#cite_ref-NationalReview_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimpf2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Timpf, Katherine (26 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/01/obesity-american-health-risk-feminism-concern-trolling/">"Feminist Internet: Citing Studies Linking Obesity to Health Problems Is 'Oppressive'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=Feminist+Internet%3A+Citing+Studies+Linking+Obesity+to+Health+Problems+Is+%27Oppressive%27&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.aulast=Timpf&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2F2016%2F01%2Fobesity-american-health-risk-feminism-concern-trolling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConcordMonitor-73"><a href="#cite_ref-ConcordMonitor_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2006" class="citation news cs1">Saunders, Anne (27 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517004608/http://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060927%2FREPOSITORY%2F609270353">"Bass aide resigns for fake website postings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Concord_Monitor" title="Concord Monitor">Concord Monitor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newspapers_of_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers of New England">Newspapers of New England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 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Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Clerk%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft.atitle=Statistics+of+the+Congressional+Election+of+November+7%2C+2006&rft.date=2007-09-21&rft.aulast=Lorraine&rft.aufirst=Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fmember_info%2FelectionInfo%2F2006election.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanfair-76"><a href="#cite_ref-vanfair_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolcott2006" class="citation web cs1">Wolcott, James (6 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218152929/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/wolcott/2006/10/political_pieti.html">"Political Pieties from a Post-Natal Drip"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=James+Wolcott%27s+Blog+%E2%80%93+Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Political+Pieties+from+a+Post-Natal+Drip&rft.date=2006-10-06&rft.aulast=Wolcott&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fonline%2Fwolcott%2F2006%2F10%2Fpolitical_pieti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehill-77"><a href="#cite_ref-thehill_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoulitsas2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Markos_Moulitsas" title="Markos Moulitsas">Moulitsas, Markos</a> (9 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/opinion/columnists/markos-moulitas/21108-dems-ignore-concern-trolls/">"Dems: Ignore 'concern trolls'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Publishing_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Hill Publishing Corp">Capitol Hill Publishing Corp</a>. Retrieved 25 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Dems%3A+Ignore+%27concern+trolls%27&rft.date=2008-01-09&rft.aulast=Moulitsas&rft.aufirst=Markos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fmarkos-moulitas%2F21108-dems-ignore-concern-trolls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2015" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Whitney (20 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B4weBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20">This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture</a>. 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Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=Tucker+Carlson%2C+Joe+Rogan%2C+and+the+Proud+Boys%3A+How+the+fragility+of+the+male+ego+fuels+the+far-right&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43916723&rft.aulast=Marcotte&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2021%2F10%2F18%2Ftucker-carlson-joe-rogan-and-the-proud-boys-how-the-fragility-of-the-male-ego-fuels-the-far-right%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroll+%28slang%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Walter, T.; Hourizi, R.; Moncur, W.; Pitsillides (2012). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/OM.64.4.a">Does the Internet Change How We Die And Mourn?</a>" — An overview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121212104445/http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/staff/wmoncur/publications/Omega2011.pdf">Online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troll" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:troll">troll</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_trolling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Internet trolling">Internet trolling</a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trolling_advocacy_and_safety">Trolling advocacy and safety</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501042255/http://trollingacademy.org/">The Trolling Academy</a> – trolling advice, comment, and training</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getsafeonline.org/">Get Safe Online</a> – free expert advice on online safety</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_definitions">Background and definitions</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netlingo.com/word/troll.php">NetLingo definition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_and_debate">Academic and debate</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20051013070429/http://rkcsi.indiana.edu/archive/CSI/WP/WP02-03B.html">Searching for Safety Online: Managing "Trolling" in a Feminist Forum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/activism-theories-of-change/how-to-respond-to-internet-rage-77a255f85793">How to Respond to Internet Rage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin">Malwebolence – The World of Web Trolling</a>; New York Times Magazine, By Mattathias Schwartz; 3 August 2008.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/your-online-secrets/201409/internet-trolls-are-narcissists-psychopaths-and-sadists">Internet Trolls Are Narcissists, Psychopaths, and Sadists</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Golbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Golbeck">Jennifer Golbeck</a> for <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Today" title="Psychology Today">Psychology Today</a>. 18 September 2014.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_slang" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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title="Sealioning">Sealioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_kiddie" title="Script kiddie">Script kiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitposting" title="Shitposting">Shitposting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_banning" title="Shadow banning">Shadow banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">Spamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankie" title="Tankie">Tankie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_troll" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet troll">Troll</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Internet"><img alt="Map of the Internet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/80px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/120px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/160px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chatspeak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatspeak">Chatspeak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uwu" title="Uwu">uwu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodl">Hodl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leet" title="Leet">Leet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owned_(slang)" title="Owned (slang)">Owned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pr0n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwn">Pwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teh" title="Teh">Teh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W00t" title="W00t">w00t</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Fap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOL" title="LOL">LOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_safe_for_work" title="Not safe for work">NSFW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padonkaffsky_jargon" title="Padonkaffsky jargon">Padonkaffsky jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">Sexting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">Imageboard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imageboard#Imageboards" title="Imageboard">-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">CP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clop_(erotic_fan_art)" title="Clop (erotic fan art)">Clop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse.cx" title="Goatse.cx">goatse.cx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurker" title="Lurker">Lurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbie" title="Newbie">Newbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_RLY%3F" title="O RLY?">O RLY?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Original post">OP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedobear" title="Pedobear">Pedobear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickrolling" title="Rickrolling">Rickrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_34" title="Rule 34">Rule 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_63" title="Rule 63">Rule 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripcode">Tripcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanophilia" title="Japanophilia">Weeaboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiff" title="Yiff">Yiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Memes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Advertising_and_products" title="List of Internet phenomena">Advertising and products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Animation_and_comics" title="List of Internet phenomena">Animation and comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Challenges" title="List of Internet phenomena">Challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Email" title="List of Internet phenomena">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Film" title="List of Internet phenomena">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Gaming" title="List of Internet phenomena">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Images" title="List of Internet phenomena">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_music_videos" title="List of viral music videos">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Politics" title="List of Internet phenomena">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_videos" title="List of viral videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Other_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">Miscellaneous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doge_(meme)" title="Doge (meme)">Doge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TL;DR" title="TL;DR">TL;DR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_September" title="Eternal September">Eternal September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporgery" title="Sporgery">Sporgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_slang" title="Category:Internet slang">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" 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