Home | Genomics and Precision Health

<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="doc" lang="en" class="page-index"> <head id="Head1">  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; if (SCM.AMA && SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync) { SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("arrSisAffinity", "", "array"); SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("SubStatus", "no", "string"); } var googletag = window.googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if (typeof Storage !== "undefined") { var targetingParamStr = localStorage.getItem("bcDFPTargetingParams"); if (targetingParamStr) { var targetingParameters = JSON.parse(targetingParamStr); // set page-level targeting parameters jQuery.each(targetingParameters, function (index, param) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(param.key, param.value); }); }); } } if (!googletag.pubads) { (function () { var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; gads.setAttribute("async", ""); gads.setAttribute("defer", ""); var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); var App = App || {}; App.Ads = App.Ads || {}; App.Ads.adPath = App.Ads.adPath || '/6479/' + 'ama.channel.genomics'; App.Ads.Mappings = App.Ads.Mappings || {}; App.Ads.slots = App.Ads.slots || []; App.Ads.fromGoogle = !('yes' === 'yes'); App.isCollection = App.isCollection || !!document.getElementsByClassName('pg_collection').length; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads() .setTargeting('environment', ['newjama']) .setTargeting('site', ['ama.channel.genomics']) .setTargeting('sect', ['home']) .setTargeting('sub', ['no']) .setTargeting('device', ['Mozilla%2F4.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%207.0%3B%20Windows%20NT%206.0%3B%20SLCC1%3B%20.NET%20CLR%202.0.50727%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.0.04506%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.5.21022%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.0.3705%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.1.4322%29']) .setTargeting('usaphys', ['no']) .setTargeting('memberstat', ['no']) .setTargeting('pracset', ['']) .setTargeting('specialty', ['other']) .setTargeting('occupation', ['']) .setTargeting('useraffinity', ['']) .setTargeting('direct', ['yes']) .setTargeting('bot', ['']) .setTargeting('datacenter', ['no']) .setTargeting('selfMPA', ['']) .setTargeting('selfSpecialty', ['']); if (App.isCollection) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('collection', ['']); } var testParam = getQueryVariable('test'); if (testParam) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('test', [testParam]); } function getQueryVariable(variable) { var query = window.location.search.substring(1); var vars = query.split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < vars.length; i++) { var pair = vars[i].split('='); if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) == variable) { return decodeURIComponent(pair[1]); } } } googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); }); } </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/genomics/favicon1365327328.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/genomics/favicon-192x192-698216559.svg" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/Images/genomics/apple-touch-icon-180x180.svg"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.css?v=638677764476993385"> <link href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/genomics/site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Genomics and precision health research and opinion articles from JAMA Network" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Site" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://jamanetwork.com/channels/genomics" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/genomics/jn-monogram-1381163041.png" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The latest science on the use of genetics, genomics, and proteomics to improve health care decisions for patients and populations" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="87087958340" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="122228711814384" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="1648414928738217" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="117506346528" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="97538728726" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="114116793520" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="100679858757" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="759822190741773" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="100265333750" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="234770525256" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="98784919862" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="120829458202" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="124842870398" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="110245330325636" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@JAMA_current" /> <title>Home | Genomics and Precision Health | JAMA Network</title> <meta name="description" content="The latest science on the use of genetics, genomics, and proteomics to improve health care decisions for patients and populations"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://jamanetwork.com/channels/genomics" /> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/head.min.js?v=638677764511843155"></script> <script src="https://r451.jamanetwork.com/script.js" defer></script> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript"> <meta class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncHeaderAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"genomics","siteId":365,"journalId":249,"adDisplay":0,"adSection":"home","adPosition":"","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"> </div> </head> <body data-sitename="genomicsandprecisionhealth" class="pg_index channels-page " data-thm="chan"> <script> var App = App || {}; App.suppressAds = App.suppressAds || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-ads').length; App.suppressGtm = App.suppressGtm || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-gtm').length; </script> <div class="widget-AdTag widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_Interstitial"> </div> <a class="accessible js-skip-to-navigation" href="#skip-to-navigation">[Skip to Navigation]</a> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WNKSNP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WNKSNP');</script> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="productName" data-value="Genomics and Precision Health" data-type="string"></span> <form method="post" action="./genomics" id="webform" class="m0"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="eIFWMplw7WFykHXfrF/1ot/9z0mp+hirjbqBMte2cg0D/igf4gyxXWdJOEa36xDSrDRArmsFqnl8l2EQpWsvXOwfxn4=" /> </div> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="90059987" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="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" /> </div> <input id="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="365" /> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <section class="master-header"> <script type='text/javascript'> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: [0], currentSessionId: '5arn05ahhlxf3cap1fx34elv' }; </script> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" type="hidden" id="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" value="https://jamanetwork.com/" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsPaidUser" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsPaidUser" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsMember" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsMember" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppSubscribedTo" type="hidden" id="hfAppSubscribedTo" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsIndividual" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsIndividual" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppHasAccess" type="hidden" id="hfAppHasAccess" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" value="False" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" type="hidden" id="hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" value="2" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalName" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalName" value="Genomics and Precision Health" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalID" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalID" value="J249" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsLucy" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsLucy" value="false" /> <div class="header-wrap"> <header class="header"> <div class="widget-GdprCookieBanner widget-instance-GdprCookieBanner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-wrapper js-gdpr-banner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-body"> Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/privacy-policy#cookies">Cookie Policy</a> <span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="javascript:;" class="js-gdpr-cookie-acceptLink at-acceptgdpr">Continue</a> </div> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnDomainGdpr" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnClientIdGdpr" type="hidden" value="3" /> </div> </div> <div class="network-bar"> <a class="jama-network" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"> <img alt="JAMA Network Home" class="title-image" width="443" height="52" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/Jama_Network_Logo.svg"> </a> </div> <a class="nav-toggler" href="#nav"> <div class="nav-toggler-indicator"> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> </div> <div class="nav-toggler-site"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_siteFullNamenav" class="nav-toggler-microsite">Genomics and Precision Health</span> </div> </a> <nav id="nav" class="nav hide" > <div class="nav-journal-level sb-nav-journal-level"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_0" class="jama">JAMA</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/for-authors" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_1" class="for-authors">For Authors</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/audio" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_2" class="podcasts">Podcasts</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/video" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_3" class="video">Video</a><a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_4" target="_blank" class="cme">CME</a> </div> <div class="nav-journals"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="HamburgerPublicationMenu" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .nav-journals {margin-bottom: 1em;} .nav-heading {color: #B9B9B9;border-bottom: 0;border-top: 1px solid #242424;font-size: 1.15em;font-weight: 400;margin: 0;padding: .7em .75em .25em;text-transform: uppercase;} a.no-bullet:before {content:none !important;} .nav-heading {font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom:0;padding-left: 38px;} /* .nav-journals a.theme-jama {background-color: #242424;border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;border-top: 1px solid #fff;color: #fff;font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 11px 0 9px 37px;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama::before {background: unset;content: "\e91b";display: none;font-family: ama_icons !important;font-size: 1.25em;line-height: 1;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} */ .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu a {padding-left: 36px;} .fake-ribbon {border-left: 8px solid #BE1E32;} .fake-ribbon a:before {content:none;} .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu .fake-ribbon a {padding-left:30px;} .nav-journals a.theme-plus:before {background:#d71635;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} </style> <h2 class="nav-heading">JAMA+</h2> <a href="/channels/ai" class="theme-plus">AI</a> <h2 class="nav-heading">Journals</h2> <a href="/journals/jama" class="theme-jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" class="theme-jama-network-open">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology" class="theme-jama-cardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology" class="theme-jama-dermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum" class="theme-jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine" class="theme-jama-internal-medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology" class="theme-jama-neurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology" class="theme-jama-oncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology" class="theme-jama-ophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology </a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology" class="theme-jama-otolaryngology-head-neck-surgery">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics" class="theme-jama-pediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry" class="theme-jama-psychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery" class="theme-jama-surgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc" class="theme-archives-of-neurology-psychiatry-1919-1959-">Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav-network-other"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_0" class="is-b link-jn-learning-cme" target="_blank">JN Learning / CME</a><a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_1" class="is-b link-subscribe" target="_blank">Subscribe</a><a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_2" class="is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/resources-for-librarians" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_3" class="is-b link-institutions-librarians">Institutions / Librarians</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/reprints-and-permissions" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_4" class="is-b link-reprints-permissions" rel="nofollow">Reprints & Permissions</a> </div> <div class="white text-xxs"> <div class="p05 ml4 mr3 mb1 mt10 flex hamburger-menu-legal"> <a href="/pages/conditions-of-use" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Terms of Use</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/privacy-policy" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/accessibility-statement" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Accessibility Statement</a> </div> <div class="ta-c"> <span class="pb1">2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved</span> </div> </div> </nav> <a class="toolbar-search-trigger is-b" data-mobile-tog-target=".site-search"></a> <div id="site-search" role="search" class="site-search"> <div class="site-search-bar"> <div role="search"> <select name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$ddlForSearch" id="BodyContent_Header_ddlForSearch" Name="dropDownList" class="cs-select cs-skin-border" title="Search Site Selector" role="options" aria-labelledby="searchLabel"> <option value="J*">Search All</option> <option value="3">JAMA</option> <option value="214">JAMA Network Open</option> <option value="192">JAMA Cardiology</option> <option value="12">JAMA Dermatology</option> <option value="261">JAMA Forum Archive</option> <option value="193">JAMA Health Forum</option> <option value="15">JAMA Internal Medicine</option> <option value="16">JAMA Neurology</option> <option value="159">JAMA Oncology</option> <option value="17">JAMA Ophthalmology</option> <option value="18">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery</option> <option value="19">JAMA Pediatrics</option> <option value="14">JAMA Psychiatry</option> <option value="20">JAMA Surgery</option> <option value="23">Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry</option> </select> </div> <div class="search-input-container"> <input type="search" name="textbox" autocomplete="off" role="textbox" id="search-term" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" class="search-term at-microsite-search-term" placeholder="Enter Search Term" maxlength="255" title="Enter Search Term"> <ul id="umbrellaSiteAutoCompleteResults" class="term-list hidden"></ul> <label style="display:none" for="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" id="searchLabel">Input Search Term</label> <input class="searchTerm search-input" name="textbox" role="textbox" type="text" id="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" title="Input Search Term" autocomplete="off"> </div>  <a name="button" role="button" class="search-button is-b js-search-button" alt="search button" href="/searchresults"></a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_auth" class="auth"> <a class="auth--trigger is-b is-a" href="javascript:;"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_spnUserFullName" class="user-full-name">Sign In</span> </a> <div class="auth--dropdown js-signIn-dropdown"> <div class="auth--option auth--ind"> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divUserFullName" class="auth--ind-user"></div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divIndSignIn" class="auth--ind-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Individual Sign In</div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignInLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-sign-in">Sign in</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignUpLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-create">Create an Account</a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divInstSignIn" class="auth--option auth--inst"> <div class="auth--inst-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Access through your institution</div> <a href="/signinshibboleth?returnUrl=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_institutionSignIn" rel="nofollow" class="auth--shib">Sign In</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="editors-choice-header"> </div>   </section> <section class="master-main"> <div id="BodyContent_PageContent_divAds" class="header-ad-wrap sb-background-primary-dark"> <div class="leader-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"genomics","siteId":365,"journalId":249,"adDisplay":1,"adSection":"home","adPosition":"atf","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-logo-wrapper sb-background-pc"> <div class="h1 header-logo-height"> <div class="nav-logo"> <div class="image-display-wrap"> <div class="site-logo journal-name-header"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/genomics/jamanetwork_v2_R1665615164.svg" alt="Genomics and Precision Health" /> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>   <div class="content"> <div class="social-share channel-site"> <a class="st-custom-button addthis_button_twitter is-b toolbar-twitter toolbar-share" data-network="twitter" data-title="" data-url="" data-email-subject="" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;"> <span class="share-text">X</span> </a> <a class="st-custom-button addthis_button_facebook is-b toolbar-facebook toolbar-share" data-network="facebook" data-title="" data-url="" data-email-subject="" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;"> <span class="share-text">Facebook</span> </a> <div class="toolbar-share-more"> <a class="st-custom-button addthis_button_linkedin is-b toolbar-linkedin toolbar-share" data-network="linkedin" data-title="" data-url="" data-email-subject="" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;"> <span class="share-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> </div> <a class="toolbar-share-more-link is-a" href="javascript:;" rel="nofollow" data-tog-target=".social-share .toolbar-share-more"><span class="icon icon-carrot_down social-arrow"></span><span class="more-text-wrap">More</span></a> </div> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContent"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="2"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="3"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SiteMenu widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0Home_SiteMenu"> <nav class="site-links-wrap sb-background-pc"> <div class="site-links channel"> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama" runat="server">JAMA</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/for-authors" runat="server">For Authors</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/audio" runat="server">Podcasts</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/video" runat="server">Video</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" runat="server">CME</a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_Channel_Subheading"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Enter specifics to Genomics and Precision Health" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="channel-header"> <div> Genomics and Precision Health</div> </div> <div class="channel-links"> <div> <ul class="horizontal-list"> <li> QUICK LINKS: </li> <li> <a href="#series-articles"> Series Articles </a> </li> <li> <a href="#specialty-selections"> Specialty Selections </a> </li> <li> <a href="#glossary"> Glossary </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="collapsible-list"> <li><a class="collapsible-list-header" href="#" aria-selected="false">QUICK LINKS</a> <ul class="collapsible-list-target" aria-hidden="true"> <li> <a href="#series-articles"> Series Articles </a> </li> <li> <a href="#specialty-selections"> Specialty Selections </a> </li> <li> <a href="#glossary"> Glossary </a> </li> <li> <a href="#multimedia"> Multimedia </a> </li> <li> <a href="#collections"> Collections </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="channel-description"> <div> <p> The latest science on the use of genetics, genomics, and proteomics to improve health care decisions for patients and populations.</p> </div> </div> <div class="jn-self-serve-label"> JAMA_War_Channel_Subheading </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module homepage-layout" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module homepage-row clearfix" data-count="2"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module home-wide-col" data-count="14"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="3"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_EditorsChoice"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2754798" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> p.jn-ss-featured-article-authors {font-size:16px;line-height: 1.6;margin-bottom:.5em;} </style> <div class="image-box"> <div class="featured"> <div class="featured-image"> <img alt="Genomics illustration" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/channels/genomics/220607-jnc-genomics-800.jpg?versionId=75284"> </div> <div class="featured-info"> <a class="link-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2625302">Introducing “Genomics and Precision Health”</a> <p class="jn-ss-featured-article-authors"> W. Gregory Feero</p> <p class="featured-article-details">Editorial | May 9, 2017</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jn-self-serve-label"> genomics_EditorsChoice </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_Home_SS1"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_SS1" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="id-offset channel-jumps" id="series-articles"> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentList widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B1Home_MainUberContent1"> <div class="horizontal-orientation widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="widet-standard widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> SERIES ARTICLES </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="standard widget-dynamic-entry-wrap sb-border-sc"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824089">N-of-1 Studies in an Era of Precision Medicine</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Erika F. Augustine, MD, Timothy W. Yu, MD, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 25, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2806232">siRNAs—A New Class of Medicines</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Anastasia Khvorova, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">June 12, 2023</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799871">RNA Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Shamika Ketkar, PhD, Lindsay C. Burrage, MD, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">December 16, 2022</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796264">Treatment of Genetic Diseases With CRISPR Genome Editing</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Matthew J. Kan, MD, PhD, Jennifer A. Doudna, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 13, 2022</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2787744">Phenome-Wide Association Studies</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Lisa Bastarache, MS, Joshua C. Denny, MD, MS et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">January 4, 2022</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2782199">Challenges of Accuracy in Germline Clinical Sequencing Data</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Ryan Poplin, MS, Justin M. Zook, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">July 20, 2021</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761658">Genetic Ancestry Testing: What Is It and Why Is It Important?</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Lynn B. Jorde, PhD, Michael J. Bamshad, MD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">February 14, 2020</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2749506">Improving the Understanding of Genetic Variants in Rare Disease With Large-scale Reference Populations</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Nicola Whiffin, PhD, James S. Ware, PhD, MRCP et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">August 30, 2019</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2730627">What Are Polygenic Scores and Why Are They Important?</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Leo P. Sugrue, MD, PhD, Rahul S. Desikan, MD, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">April 8, 2019</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2725407">Next-Generation Sequencing of Infectious Pathogens</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Marta Gwinn, MD, MPH, Duncan MacCannell, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">February 14, 2019</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Viewpoint</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2717816">The Ethics of Heritable Genome Editing</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS, I. Glenn Cohen, JD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">December 25, 2018</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2678003">Sequencing of Tumor DNA to Guide Cancer Therapy</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">David H. Spencer, MD, PhD, Timothy J. Ley, MD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">April 10, 2018</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2664987">Treating Specific Variants Causing Cystic Fibrosis</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Garry R. Cutting, MD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">December 5, 2017</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2656155">Cancer DNA in the Circulation</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Hatim Husain, MD, Victor E. Velculescu, MD, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 3, 2017</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2652637">Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Mendelian Conditions</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Siobhan M. Dolan, MD, MPH, Tamar H. Goldwaser, MD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 5, 2017</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2645088">Cascade Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia and the Use of Genetic Testing</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Joshua W. Knowles, MD, PhD, Daniel J. Rader, MD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">July 25, 2017</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2633897">Chromosomal Microarray Testing for Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Christa Lese Martin, PhD, David H. Ledbetter, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">June 27, 2017</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Editorial</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2625302">Genomics and Precision Health</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">W. Gregory Feero, MD, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">May 9, 2017</span> </div> </div>  </div>  <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="standard widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B2"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="0"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="3"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B3"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="0"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="4"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B4"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_Home_SS2"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_SS2" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="id-offset channel-jumps" id="specialty-selections"> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="5"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B5"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B5Home_MainUberContent4"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> SPECIALTY SELECTIONS </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Neurology </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2826606">Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Clinical Trials of Gantenerumab in Early Alzheimer Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Neurology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2825856">Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2824572">Genome Sequencing After Exome Sequencing in Pediatric Epilepsy</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Neurology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2824324">Barriers to Tofersen Therapy for Variant SOD1 -Mediated ALS</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Neurology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Viewpoint |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2823895">Exploring the Link Between Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor element-mobile-version " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title element-mobile-version sb-sc"> SPECIALTY SELECTIONS </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above element-mobile-version"></div> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Ophthalmology </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2826519">The Emerging Clinical Utility of Polygenic Prediction Models</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2825835">Racial Disparities in Genetic Detection Rates for Inherited Retinal Diseases</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2824091">METTL23 Variants and Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 26, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2822243">Genetic Testing for Rare Retinal Diseases in Telomere Biology Disorders</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 15, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2819340">Reanalysis of Exome Sequencing Data From Patients With Inherited Retinal Diseases</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 31, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc thm-col"> SPECIALTY SELECTIONS </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Neurology </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Ophthalmology </div> </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap multi-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2826606">Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Clinical Trials of Gantenerumab in Early Alzheimer Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Neurology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 18, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2826519">The Emerging Clinical Utility of Polygenic Prediction Models</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2825856">Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2825835">Racial Disparities in Genetic Detection Rates for Inherited Retinal Diseases</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2824572">Genome Sequencing After Exome Sequencing in Pediatric Epilepsy</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Neurology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 21, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2824091">METTL23 Variants and Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 26, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2824324">Barriers to Tofersen Therapy for Variant SOD1 -Mediated ALS</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Neurology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Viewpoint |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 7, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2822243">Genetic Testing for Rare Retinal Diseases in Telomere Biology Disorders</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 15, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2823895">Exploring the Link Between Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 18, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2819340">Reanalysis of Exome Sequencing Data From Patients With Inherited Retinal Diseases</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 31, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="6"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B6"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B6Home_MainUberContent5"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Psychiatry </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2825462">Sexual Trauma, Polygenic Scores, and Mental Health Diagnoses and Outcomes</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Psychiatry |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 30, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2822688">PRS and Twin Concordance for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Psychiatry |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2822150">Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Biological Aging During Pregnancy and in Newborns</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 9, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2822158">Epigenetic Biomarkers for Understanding Adverse Experiences and Health</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 9, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2821613">Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress in Women</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">July 29, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor element-mobile-version " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Dermatology </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2825851">Use of Anti-PD1 Blockade After Hedgehog Inhibitors or as First-Line Therapy for Gorlin Syndrome</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 6, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2824562">Genetic Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Predisposition to Cardiometabolic Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 9, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2823895">Exploring the Link Between Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2822783">Genetic Aspects of Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 4, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2823064">Cutaneous Neurofibromas and Quality of Life in Adults With Neurofibromatosis Type 1</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Psychiatry </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Dermatology </div> </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap multi-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2825462">Sexual Trauma, Polygenic Scores, and Mental Health Diagnoses and Outcomes</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Psychiatry |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 30, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2825851">Use of Anti-PD1 Blockade After Hedgehog Inhibitors or as First-Line Therapy for Gorlin Syndrome</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 6, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2822688">PRS and Twin Concordance for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Psychiatry |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2824562">Genetic Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Predisposition to Cardiometabolic Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 9, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2822150">Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Biological Aging During Pregnancy and in Newborns</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 9, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2823895">Exploring the Link Between Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2822158">Epigenetic Biomarkers for Understanding Adverse Experiences and Health</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 9, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2822783">Genetic Aspects of Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 4, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2821613">Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress in Women</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">July 29, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2823064">Cutaneous Neurofibromas and Quality of Life in Adults With Neurofibromatosis Type 1</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="7"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B7"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B7Home_MainUberContent6"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Otolaryngology </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2825856">Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2823476">Circulating Tumor HPV DNA Testing in Patients With a Lateral Neck Mass</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 19, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2819315">Epidemiologic Trends in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">June 6, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2819421">Genetic Risk For Depression and Quality of Life in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 30, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2819422">Genetic Depression Risk for Head and Neck Cancer Survivors—Fait Accompli?</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 30, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor element-mobile-version " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Oncology </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2827112">Next-Generation Sequencing for HLA Genotype Screening and Matching to HLA-Restricted Therapies</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 27, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827165">Selection of Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer for Extended Endocrine Therapy</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 27, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827171">Dissecting Biological Risk Using Genomic Assays</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 27, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827027">Obesity and Outcomes in Adoptive Cellular Therapy in Solid Tumors</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2826668">Olverembatinib After Failure of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Including Ponatinib or Asciminib</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Otolaryngology </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Oncology </div> </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap multi-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2825856">Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2827112">Next-Generation Sequencing for HLA Genotype Screening and Matching to HLA-Restricted Therapies</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 27, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2823476">Circulating Tumor HPV DNA Testing in Patients With a Lateral Neck Mass</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 19, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827165">Selection of Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer for Extended Endocrine Therapy</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 27, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2819315">Epidemiologic Trends in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">June 6, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827171">Dissecting Biological Risk Using Genomic Assays</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 27, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2819421">Genetic Risk For Depression and Quality of Life in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 30, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827027">Obesity and Outcomes in Adoptive Cellular Therapy in Solid Tumors</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2819422">Genetic Depression Risk for Head and Neck Cancer Survivors—Fait Accompli?</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 30, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2826668">Olverembatinib After Failure of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Including Ponatinib or Asciminib</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="8"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B8"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B8Home_MainUberContent7"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Pediatrics </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2825856">Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2825851">Use of Anti-PD1 Blockade After Hedgehog Inhibitors or as First-Line Therapy for Gorlin Syndrome</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 6, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2825495">Time Trends in the Burden of Environmental Heat and Cold Exposure Among Children and Adolescents</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Pediatrics |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 4, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825534">Ovarian Odyssey</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">A Piece of My Mind |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 31, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825342">Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of CVD Risks in Men</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor element-mobile-version " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Surgery </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825992">Recurrence in Young Patients With ER-Positive, ERBB2 -Negative Breast Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2824187">Prediction of High Nodal Burden in Patients With Sentinel Node–Positive Luminal ERBB2 -Negative Breast Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2823476">Circulating Tumor HPV DNA Testing in Patients With a Lateral Neck Mass</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 19, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2822039">Contemporary Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Review |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 8, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2821028">Initial Management of BRAF V600E-Variant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Special Communication |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">July 11, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Pediatrics </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Surgery </div> </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap multi-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2825856">Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825992">Recurrence in Young Patients With ER-Positive, ERBB2 -Negative Breast Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 7, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2825851">Use of Anti-PD1 Blockade After Hedgehog Inhibitors or as First-Line Therapy for Gorlin Syndrome</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Research Letter |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 6, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2824187">Prediction of High Nodal Burden in Patients With Sentinel Node–Positive Luminal ERBB2 -Negative Breast Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2825495">Time Trends in the Burden of Environmental Heat and Cold Exposure Among Children and Adolescents</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Pediatrics |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 4, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2823476">Circulating Tumor HPV DNA Testing in Patients With a Lateral Neck Mass</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 19, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825534">Ovarian Odyssey</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">A Piece of My Mind |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 31, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2822039">Contemporary Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Review |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 8, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825342">Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of CVD Risks in Men</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 25, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2821028">Initial Management of BRAF V600E-Variant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Oncology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Special Communication |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">July 11, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="9"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B9"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B9Home_MainUberContent8"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Cardiology </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2825913">Bidirectional Risk Modulator Along the DCM-HCM Spectrum</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 13, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2825839">Genetic Risk Profile in Aortic Stenosis Compared With Coronary Artery Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 6, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825342">Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of CVD Risks in Men</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2824562">Genetic Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Predisposition to Cardiometabolic Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 9, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2823895">Exploring the Link Between Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Cardiology </div> </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap "> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2825913">Bidirectional Risk Modulator Along the DCM-HCM Spectrum</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 13, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2825839">Genetic Risk Profile in Aortic Stenosis Compared With Coronary Artery Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 6, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825342">Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of CVD Risks in Men</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 25, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2824562">Genetic Susceptibility to Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Predisposition to Cardiometabolic Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 9, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2823895">Exploring the Link Between Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="10"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B10"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentList widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B10Home_MainUberContent9"> <div class="horizontal-orientation widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="widet-standard widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> YOU MAY ALSO LIKE </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="standard widget-dynamic-entry-wrap sb-border-sc"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825808">Clinical Variant Reclassification in Hereditary Disease Genetic Testing</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Yuya Kobayashi, PhD, Elaine Chen, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">November 6, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825345">GLP1R Expression and Kidney Disease Progression</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Jefferson L. Triozzi, MD, MSCI, Zhihong Yu, MS, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 25, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Editorial</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825333">The Path to Genomic Screening</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Jonathan S. Berg, MD, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 24, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2824902">Medicare and Medicaid Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Kenton J. Johnston, PhD, Michelle Hendricks, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Health Forum |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 18, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Consensus Statement</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2824110">The Key Features of a Genetic Nondiscrimination Policy</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Diya Uberoi, PhD, Gratien Dalpé, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 26, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">JAMA Insights</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824089">N-of-1 Studies in an Era of Precision Medicine</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Erika F. Augustine, MD, Timothy W. Yu, MD, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 25, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Viewpoint</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823792">Discovery of cGAS as a DNA-Sensing Enzyme That Triggers Inflammation: 2024 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Zhijian J. Chen, PhD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 19, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2822779">Low-Dose Metformin and Profibrotic Signature in Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Aaron Bao, BA, Aasheen Qadri, BS et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Dermatology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">September 4, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2822884">Prevalence, Cardiac Phenotype, and Outcomes of Transthyretin Variants</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Nay Aung, PhD, Hannah L. Nicholls, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Editorial</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2822887">Genotype- vs Phenotype-Guided Approaches to Improve ATTR Detection</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Jessica A. Regan, MD, Marianna Fontana, MD, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info sb-tc">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div>  </div>  <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="standard widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="11"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B11"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_Home_SS3"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_SS3" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="id-offset channel-jumps" id="glossary"> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="12"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B12"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_GLOSSARY"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="GLOSSARY" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="glossary-subhead"> GLOSSARY </div> <div class="glossary-content"> <ul class="glossaryList"> <li class="id-offset" id="allele"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Allele:</span> Alternative form of a gene or DNA sequence. Variations in clinical traits and phenotypes are allelic if they arise from the same gene sequence or locus and nonallelic if they arise from different gene sequences of different loci. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="allelism"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Allelism:</span> Whether a second variant (allele) is on the same or the other chromosomal copy in a dominant or recessive condition. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="alternative-splicing"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Alternative splicing:</span> Use of different exons in formation of mRNA from initially identical transcripts. This results in the generation of related proteins from 1 gene, often in a tissue or developmental stage–specific manner. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="analytical-validity"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Analytical validity:</span> The likelihood that a test result is correct, ie, a specific variant said to be present is present or said to be absent is absent. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="aneuploidy"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Aneuploidy:</span> The occurrence of one or more extra or missing chromosomes leading to an unbalanced chromosome complement or any chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="array"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Array:</span> See <a href="#microarray">Microarray</a>. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="attributable-risk"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Attributable risk:</span> The difference in incidence of disease in an exposed vs unexposed population; in genetics the exposure can be the presence of a specific genetic variation in the genome. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="bacteriophage"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Bacteriophage:</span> Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="base-pair"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Base pair (bp):</span> Two complementary nucleotides that are paired in double-stranded DNA. Adenosine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). A bp is also used as a physical distance of length of a sequence of nucleotides, eg, 20 bp is a chain of DNA composed of 20 nucleotides. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="call-rate"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Call rate:</span> The rate at which assignment of a specific nucleotide base (A,G,C,T) is made at specific positions in the genome during genotyping or sequencing. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="candidate-gene"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Candidate gene:</span> A gene believed to influence expression of complex phenotypes due to known biological and/or physiological properties of its products, or to its location near a region of association or linkage. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="carrier-screening"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Carrier screening:</span> Testing of members of a population for genetic variations associated with genetic conditions (usually autosomal recessive disorders) often for the purpose of reproductive planning. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="cascade-screening"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Cascade screening:</span> A systematic process for identifying individuals with a medical condition. In genetics, the process begins with an affected family member and entails iterative rounds of testing of closely related relatives, followed by testing of close relatives of those newly discovered as affected. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="cDNA"> <span class="glossaryRunin">cDNA (complementary DNA):</span> A DNA copy of the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcribed from a gene. The cDNA is made from the mRNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="cell-free-DNA"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Cell free DNA (cfDNA):</span> Fragments of DNA circulating in the blood outside of cells. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="circulating-tumor-DNA"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA):</span> Fragments of DNA derived from cancer cells circulating in the blood outside of cells. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="clinical-utility"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Clinical utility:</span> The degree to which a test result guides clinical management and improves patient outcomes. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="clinical-validity"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Clinical validity:</span> The likelihood that a test result correctly predicts presence or absence of disease or risk of disease. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="coding-region"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Coding region:</span> Segments of the genome that contain information specifying the amino acid sequence in proteins. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="codon"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Codon:</span> Three bases in a DNA or RNA sequence that specify a single amino acid. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="copy-number-variants"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Copy number variants:</span> Stretches of genomic sequence of roughly 1 kb to 3 Mb in size that are deleted or are duplicated in varying numbers. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="comparative-genomic-hybridization"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) <em>also</em> array CGH:</span> Technology wherein a DNA test sample is competitively hybridized with a reference sample of DNA of known sequence to a DNA microarray, used to detect copy number changes in the test sample. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="complex-trait"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Complex trait:</span> A trait that has a genetic component that does not follow strict mendelian inheritance. It may involve the interaction of 2 or more genes or gene-environment interactions. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="coverage"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Coverage:</span> The number of times a portion of the genome is sequenced in a sequencing reaction. Often expressed as “depth of coverage” and numerically as 1X, 2X, 3X, etc. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="cytogenetics"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Cytogenetics:</span> The study of the biology of large-scale DNA structure, usually at the level of chromosomes. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="cytogenomic-analysis"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Cytogenomic analysis:</span> Technologies that assess the presence of copy number variants at locations throughout the genome, one example of which is comparative genomic hybridization. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="deletion"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Deletion:</span> A type of genetic variation in which nucleotides are lost in a sequence. Deletions may range from 1 nucleotide to millions. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="denaturing-high-performance-liquid-chromatography"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC):</span> A high-performance liquid chromatography instrument uses temperature-dependent separation of DNA containing mismatched base pairs from PCR-amplified DNA fragments for chromatographic variant analysis. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="digital-polymerase-chain-reaction"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Digital polymerase chain reaction:</span> A method for assaying or amplifying quantities of target DNA or RNA in a sample in which the reactions are partitioned to include single or small numbers of target sequences. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="DNA-barcoding"> <span class="glossaryRunin">DNA barcoding:</span> A method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism’s DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="environmental-gene-tag"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Environmental gene tag:</span> Short sequences of DNA that contain bacterial genes in whole or part that can be used to aid in identification of related genetic material. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="exome"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Exome:</span> The entire portion of the genome consisting of protein-coding sequences (as opposed to introns or noncoding DNA between genes). </li> <li class="id-offset" id="exome-sequencing"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Exome sequencing (or whole exome sequencing, WES):</span> A method for determining the base pair order of the protein coding regions of an organism’s DNA. Often used in diagnostic studies both because most disease-related variants occur in protein-coding regions and because it is generally less costly than whole-genome sequencing. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="exon"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Exon:</span> Any segment of a gene that is represented in the mature messenger RNA (mRNA) product. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="fetal-fraction"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Fetal Fraction:</span> When referring to cell-free DNA (cfDNA), the percentage of cfDNA in maternal blood of fetal origin. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH):</span> A cytogenetic technique in which fluorescently labeled probes capable of binding to specific DNA regions are used to detect structural variations in the genome. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="frame-shift-mutation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Frame shift mutation:</span> Any variation that disrupts the normal sequence of triplets causing a new sequence to be created that codes for different amino acids. Frame shift mutations are usually caused by an insertion or deletion of DNA and typically eventually produce a premature stop codon. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="G-banding"> <span class="glossaryRunin">G-banding:</span> A method for Giemsa staining of condensed human chromosomes from metaphase cells that allows assessment of chromosomal structure by light microscopy. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="GC-content"> <span class="glossaryRunin">GC content:</span> The percentage of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C). </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genetic-heterogeneity"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genetic heterogeneity:</span> A shared phenotype caused by more than 1 gene. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genetic-information-nondiscrimination-act"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA):</span> US federal law passed in 2008 prohibiting the use of genetic information for decisions regarding employment or health insurance. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genome"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genome:</span> The sum total of the genetic material of a cell or an organism. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genome-annotation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genome annotation:</span> Attachment of biological information to DNA sequence data. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genome-wide-analysis"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genome-wide analysis:</span> A genetic study evaluating the potential linkage of genetic markers located throughout the genome to a specific trait. This approach has been used for mendelian (single-gene) disorders as well as complex traits (genome-wide association study [GWAS]). </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genomic-inflation-factor"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genomic inflation factor:</span> A mathematical term from genetic epidemiology used to control for population stratification in GWAS. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genomic-medicine"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genomic medicine:</span> A term used to describe medical advances and approaches based on human genomic information, sometimes referred to as personalized or precision medicine. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genomics"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genomics:</span> The study of genes and their function. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="genotype"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Genotype:</span> The specific set of 2 alleles inherited at a genetic locus. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="haplotype"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Haplotype:</span> The combination of linked marker alleles (variants) for a given region of DNA on a single chromosome. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="HapMap"> <span class="glossaryRunin">HapMap:</span> The International HapMap Project developed a haplotype map of the human genome, the HapMap, that describes the common patterns of human DNA sequence variation. The HapMap is a key resource for finding genes affecting health, disease, and responses to drugs and environmental factors. The first release of the HapMap was made in 2005. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="heterologous-expression"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Heterologous expression:</span> A research technique that causes a protein to be produced in a cell that does not normally make (ie, express) that protein. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="heterozygous"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Heterozygous (heterozygosity):</span> Having 2 unlike alleles at a particular locus. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="homozygous"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Homozygous (homozygosity):</span> Having 2 like or identical alleles at a particular locus in a diploid genome. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="human-genome-project"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Human Genome Project:</span> Collective name for several projects begun in 1986 by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to create an ordered set of DNA segments from known chromosomal locations, develop new computational methods for analyzing genetic map and DNA sequence data, and develop new techniques and instruments for detecting and analyzing DNA. The joint national effort, led by DOE and the NIH, was known as the Human Genome Project. The first draft of the human genome DNA sequence, produced by the efforts of the Human Genome Project, was completed in 2001. The Human Genome Project officially ended in April 2003. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="hybridization"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Hybridization:</span> The bonding of single-stranded DNA or RNA into double-stranded DNA or RNA. The ability of complementary stretches of DNA or RNA to hybridize with each other is dependent on the base-pair sequence. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="identity-by-descent"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Identity by descent (IBD):</span> The property of 2 or more alleles that are identical to an ancestral allele, used in gene association studies </li> <li class="id-offset" id="imputation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Imputation:</span> A statistical method for inferring genotypes that are not directly measured. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="indel"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Indel (insertion/deletion):</span> Variations in a genome including insertions and deletions of nucleotides. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="insertion"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Insertion:</span> A type of genetic variation in which nucleotides are gained in a sequence. Insertions may range from 1 nucleotide to millions. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="intron"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Intron:</span> A segment of DNA that is transcribed into RNA but is ultimately removed from the transcript by splicing together the sequences on either side (exons) to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). </li> <li class="id-offset" id="karyotype"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Karyotype:</span> A description or visual representation of the complement of condensed chromosomes from a cell. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="kilobase"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Kilobase (kb):</span> One thousand base pairs of DNA or RNA. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="library"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Library:</span> A complete set of clones that contains all the genetic material from an organism, tissue, or specific cell type at a specific stage of development. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="linkage"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Linkage:</span> Two loci (genes or other designated DNA sequence) that reside close enough to each other that recombination (crossing over) rarely occurs between them. Alleles at the 2 loci do not assort independently at meiosis but are likely to be inherited together. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="linkage-disequilibrium"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Linkage disequilibrium:</span> Refers to alleles at loci close enough that they remain inherited together through many generations because their extreme proximity makes recombination (crossing over) between them highly unlikely. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="locus"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Locus (<em>plural</em> loci):</span> The physical site on a chromosome occupied by a particular gene or other identifiable DNA sequence characteristic. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="mendelian-disorder"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Mendelian disorder (single-gene disorder):</span> A trait or disease that follows the patterns of inheritance that suggest the trait or disease is determined by a gene at a single locus. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="metagenomics"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Metagenomics:</span> Study of a collection of genetic material (genomes) from a mixed community of organisms. Metagenomics usually refers to the study of microbial communities. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="metaphase"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Metaphase:</span> A phase of cell division (mitosis) during which DNA is condensed into chromosomal structures that can be visualized using light microscopy. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="methylation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Methylation:</span> Covalent attachment of methyl groups to DNA, usually at cytosine bases. Methylation can reduce transcription from a gene and is a mechanism in X-chromosome inactivation and imprinting. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="microarray"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Microarray:</span> A technology used to study many genes simultaneously, usually consisting of an ordered microscopic pattern of known nucleic acid sequences on a glass slide. In a common type of microarray, a sample of DNA or RNA is added to the slide and sequence-dependent binding is measured using sensitive fluorescent detection methods. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="microsatellite"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Microsatellite:</span> A short, repetitive sequence of DNA of variable length that may serve as a marker to follow inheritance or, in tumor DNA, as an indicator of genome instability. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="minor-allele"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Minor allele:</span> The allele of a biallelic locus that is less frequent in the study population. Minor allele frequency refers to the proportion of the less common of 2 alleles in a population (with 2 alleles carried by each person at each autosomal locus) ranging from less than 1% to less than 50%. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="missense-mutation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Missense mutation:</span> A variation that is typically the change of a single nucleotide that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the final gene product. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="mutation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Mutation:</span> Any variation of a gene or genetic material from its natural state. Generally, mutations refer to changes that alter the gene in a negative sense, causing the protein product of the gene to have an altered function. (See also <a href="#variant">variant</a>.) </li> <li class="id-offset" id="next-generation-high-throughput-massively-parallel-sequencing"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Next-generation/high-throughput/massively parallel sequencing:</span> DNA sequencing technology that permits rapid sequencing of large portions of the genome; so called because it vastly increases the throughput over classic Sanger sequencing. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="nonsense-mutation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Nonsense mutation:</span> Any variation that results directly in the formation of a stop codon. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="nonsynonymous-variant"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Nonsynonymous variant:</span> A variant that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein (and therefore may affect the function of the protein). </li> <li class="id-offset" id="nucleotide"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Nucleotide:</span> The combination of a nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and phosphate group forming the A, G, C, T of the sequence of DNA, for example. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="oncogene"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Oncogene:</span> A gene of which 1 or more forms is associated with the development of cancer. Many oncogenes are involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the rate of cell growth. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="penetrance"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Penetrance:</span> The proportion of individuals of a given genotype who show any evidence of the associated phenotype. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="pharmacogenetic-variant"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Pharmacogenetic variant:</span> Genetic changes that alter the way an individual metabolizes or responds to a specific medication. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="pharmacogenomics"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Pharmacogenomics:</span> Study of genes related to genetic controlled variation in drug responses. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="phenotype"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Phenotype:</span> The total observable nature of an individual, resulting from interaction of the genotype with the environment. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="plasmid"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Plasmid:</span> Circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules in bacteria that can independently reproduce. Plasmids can be used as vectors in recombinant DNA research, and they can contain genes important to bacterial virulence such as antibiotic resistance in nature. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="preimplantation-genetic-diagnosis"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Preimplantation genetic diagnosis:</span> testing of embryos for specific genetic abnormalities for which the prospective parents are known to be at risk; performed prior to selective reintroduction of unaffected embryos to the female reproductive tract </li> <li class="id-offset" id="preimplantation-genetic-screening"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Preimplantation genetic screening:</span> a screening test that seeks to determine the presence of aneuploidy (either too many or too few chromosomes) in a developing embryo prior to selective reintroduction of unaffected embryos to the female reproductive tract </li> <li class="id-offset" id="polymerase-chain-reaction"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):</span> A procedure in which segments of DNA (including DNA copies of RNA) can be amplified using flanking oligonucleotides called primers and repeated cycles of replication by DNA polymerase. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="population-stratification"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Population stratification (<em>also</em> population structure):</span> A form of confounding in genetic association studies caused by genetic differences between cases and controls unrelated to disease but due to sampling them from populations of different ancestries. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="primer"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Primer:</span> a short strand of nucleotides (RNA or DNA) that helps initiate new DNA synthesis </li> <li class="id-offset" id="proband"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Proband:</span> The affected person whose disorder, or concern about a disorder, brings a family or pedigree to be genetically evaluated. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="promoter"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Promoter:</span> The sequence of nucleotides located 5′ to the coding sequence of a gene that determines the site for binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription. More than 1 promoter may be present in a gene and may give rise to different versions of the protein. The promoter may include the DNA sequence TATAA(T)AA(T) (TATA box). </li> <li class="id-offset" id="prophage"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Prophage:</span> The genome of a bacteriophage when it is integrated into the host bacterial genome or a plasmid. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="pyrosequencing"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Pyrosequencing:</span> A method of determining the ordering of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule by measuring the synthesis of the complementary DNA strand. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="quantitative-PCR"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Quantitative PCR:</span> A PCR-based laboratory technique that allows the accurate measurement of the amount of specific nucleic acids (usually RNA) in a sample. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="read"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Read:</span> A discrete segment of sequence information generated by a sequencing instrument; read length refers to the number of nucleotides in the segment. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="recombination"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Recombination:</span> The formation of a new set of alleles on a single chromosome that is not the same as either parent owing to a crossover during meiosis. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP):</span> A type of polymorphism that results from variation in the DNA sequence recognized by restriction enzymes. RFLPs can be used in linkage and gene association studies of traits and diseases. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="rna-induced-silencing-complex"> <span class="glossaryRunin">RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC):</span> A cellular structure of protein and RNA that can bind in a sequence-specific manner to mRNA inhibiting protein production. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="rna-interference"> <span class="glossaryRunin">RNA interference (RNAi):</span> Cellular processes in which small RNA molecules inhibit transcription or translation of genes. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="single-nucleotide-variant"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Single-nucleotide variant (SNV; <em>also known as a</em> single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP):</span> DNA sequence variations that occur when a single nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) in the genome sequence is altered. SNVs are the most abundant variant in the human genome and are the most common source of genetic variation. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="small-interfering-rna"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Small interfering RNA (siRNA):</span> Naturally occurring or synthetic small, usually 20-25 bp, double-stranded RNA molecules that comprise part of the  RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).  This protein–nucleic acid complex binds in a sequence-specific manner to mRNA, inhibiting translation and protein production. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="somatic-mutation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Somatic mutation:</span> A change in the DNA in non-germline cells, for example, new mutations in a tumor. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="stop-codon"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Stop codon (termination codon):</span> The DNA triplet that causes translation to end when it is found in mRNA. The DNA stop codons are TAG, TAA, and TGA. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="structural-mutations"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Structural mutation:</span> Large-scale change in genomic DNA, for example, chromosomal inversion. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="tag-SNV"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Tag SNV:</span> A readily measured SNV that is in strong linkage disequilibrium with multiple other SNVs so that it can serve as a proxy for these SNVs on large-scale genotyping platforms. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="translocation"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Translocation:</span> A chromosomal segment that has been broken off and reinserted in a different place in the genome. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="transversion"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Transversion:</span> The substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine nucleotide or vice versa (eg, an A for a C or T) in a DNA sequence. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="triploidy"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Triploidy:</span> A rare form of aneuploidy in which there are 3 sets of each chromosome in a cell. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="uniparental-disomy"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Uniparental disomy:</span> The inheritance of both parental copies of a chromosome from one parent and no homologous chromosome from the other parent. The resulting offspring could be affected with a recessive disease if the parent contributing both copies is a carrier. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="variant"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Variant (polymorphism):</span> Difference in DNA sequence among individuals that may underlie differences in health. Genetic alterations occurring in more than 1% of a population would be considered useful variants for genetic linkage analysis. The vast majority of DNA variants are benign and not associated with a detectable phenotype. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="variant-allele-fraction"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Variant allele fraction:</span> The detected percentage of a variation that is not the reference sequence in a DNA sample derived from a nonclonal sample of cells, for example, a tumor DNA sample. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="variant-of-unknown-significance"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Variant of unknown significance (VUS):</span> Genetic variant that cannot be definitively determined to be associated with a specific phenotype. </li> <li class="id-offset" id="whole-genome-amplification"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Whole-genome amplification:</span> a process by which the DNA of a organism in a sample can be chemically replicated, in its entirety, multiple times over in order to increase the amount of sample </li> <li class="id-offset" id="whole-genome-sequencing"> <span class="glossaryRunin">Whole genome sequencing (WGS):</span> A method for determining the base pair order of both protein-coding and non–protein-coding regions of an organism’s DNA. Current technology can provide a near complete human genome; some regions of the genome remain difficult to sequence. </li>  </ul> </div> <style type="text/css"> .glossary-subhead { color: #d71635; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; padding: 0 24px 10px 24px; } .glossary-content { border-top: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px 0 0 24px; } .glossaryList { font-size: 18px; margin-left: 0; } .glossaryList li { margin-top: 1em; } .glossaryList li:target {color: #4c4c4c;font-weight:bold;} .glossaryRunin { font-weight: 600;} .glossaryList li:target .glossaryRunin {color: #d71635;} .compact.widget-dynamic-title.sb-pc { text-transform: uppercase; } </style> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="13"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B13"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B13B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module home-short-col sidebar journal-sidebar" data-count="7"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Right_ConfigurableAd_Singlebox"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/Home_MainContentB1B0B1Right_ConfigurableAd_Singlebox" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"genomics","siteId":365,"journalId":249,"adDisplay":14,"adSection":"home","adPosition":"mid","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> <div class="widget-ConfigurableAd widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Right_ConfigurableAd_Singlebox"> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_MainRightRail_SS4"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="MainRightRail_SS4" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="id-offset channel-jumps" id="multimedia"> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="3"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Home_MainUberContentRR2"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> MULTIMEDIA </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18930122">Olverembatinib After Failure of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Including Ponatinib or Asciminib</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18912441">The Discovery of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 19, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18909679">Genome-Wide Association Studies With Dr Rotter</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 5, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18909685">Lynch Syndrome and Somatic Mismatch Repair Variants in Pancreas Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 5, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18907773">Prevalence, Cardiac Phenotype, and Outcomes of Transthyretin Variants</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18908064">Cutaneous Neurofibromas and Quality of Life in Adults With Neurofibromatosis Type 1</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc thm-col"> MULTIMEDIA </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap "> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18930122">Olverembatinib After Failure of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Including Ponatinib or Asciminib</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18912441">The Discovery of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 19, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18909679">Genome-Wide Association Studies With Dr Rotter</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 5, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18909685">Lynch Syndrome and Somatic Mismatch Repair Variants in Pancreas Cancer</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 5, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18907773">Prevalence, Cardiac Phenotype, and Outcomes of Transthyretin Variants</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18908064">Cutaneous Neurofibromas and Quality of Life in Adults With Neurofibromatosis Type 1</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">August 28, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="4"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_MainRightRail_SS2"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="MainRightRail_SS2" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="channel-collections id-offset channel-jumps" id="collections"> <div class="collections-subhead">COLLECTIONS</div> <h6>Browse all articles related to Genetics and Genomics across the JAMA Network at</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="/collections/5664">Genetics and Genomics</a> </li> <ul> <li> <a href="/collections/38786">Cancer Genetics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections/5775">Neurogenetics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections/5851">Pharmacogenetics</a> </li> </ul> </ul> </div> <style type="text/css"> .collections-subhead {border-bottom: 1px solid #333;color: #d71635;font-size: 18px;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 20px;padding: 0 24px 10px 0;} .channel-collections {margin-bottom:3em;margin-top:6em;} .self-serve .channel-collections h6 {display:block;-webkit-hyphens: none;-ms-hyphens: none;hyphens: none;margin:0;} .channel-collections ul {font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.35;list-style-type: none;margin:.5em 0 0 0;padding-left: 0;} .channel-collections ul li {margin-top: .25em;} .channel-collections ul li a {color:#000;} .channel-collections ul li a:hover {color:#d71635;text-decoration: underline !important;} .channel-collections ul ul {list-style-type: none;padding-left: 2em;} </style>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="5"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Channel_EmailListSignUp"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA Network</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="6"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-genomics_RightRail_Socials"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="RightRail_Socials" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/CSSUploads/jamanetwork-selfserve-maintenance.css?versionId=74959"> <div class="hp-rightRail-socials"> <span>Follow us</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMAJournal/" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/JAMA_current" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="social-link is-b linked-in" style="margin-left: 2px;"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" href="/rss/site_3/67.xml" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> </div> <div id="load-instagram-image"></div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="secFooterControl" class="master-footer"> <script> var App = App || {}; function scmByClass(className) { return document.getElementsByClassName(className); } function scmById(id) { return document.getElementById(id); } function scmquery(selector) { return document.querySelector(selector); } function queryAll(selector) { return document.querySelectorAll(selector); } function isTrueString(string) { if (typeof string === 'string') { return string.toLowerCase() === 'true'; } return undefined; } function updateViewportDimensions() { var w = window, d = document, e = d.documentElement, g = d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0], x = w.innerWidth || e.clientWidth || g.clientWidth, y = w.innerHeight || e.clientHeight || g.clientHeight; return { width: x, height: y }; } var viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); var debounce = function (func, wait, immediate) { var timeout; return function () { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function () { timeout = null; if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); if (callNow) func.apply(context, args); }; }; (function (App) { App.mobileUpperBreakpoint = 767; App.mobileAltBreakpoint = 640; App.mobileMinBreakpoint = 547; App.tabletUpperBreakpoint = 1023; function setVariables() { viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); App.isMobile = (viewport.width <= App.mobileUpperBreakpoint); App.isMobileAlt = (viewport.width <= App.mobileAltBreakpoint); App.isTablet = (viewport.width > App.mobileUpperBreakpoint && viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isTabletDown = (viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isDesktop = (viewport.width > App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.activeViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; } setVariables(); App.cachedViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; App.isAnyArticle = !!(scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length || scmByClass('pg_abstract').length || scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length || scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isSplitScreen = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length; App.isArticleRedesign = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleWrapper').length; App.isAbstract = !!scmByClass('pg_abstract').length; App.isMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length); App.isChannel = !!(scmByClass('channel-site').length); App.isChannelMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isFreeArticle = !!(scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .free-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .open-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .icon-free') || scmquery('.widget-ChannelsMagazineView .free-access')); App.isTollFreeAccess = false; App.isIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_issue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length || !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isNewOnline = !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length; App.isCurrentIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length; App.isPastIssues = !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isJournal = !!scmByClass('pg_journal').length; App.isNetworkHome = !!scmByClass('pg_index').length; App.isSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_searchresults').length; App.isAdvancedSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_advancedsearch').length; App.isPlayer= !!scmByClass('pg_multimediaplayer').length; App.isSelfServe = !!scmByClass('pg_sspage').length; App.isCmsPage = !!scmByClass('pg_cmspage').length; App.isMyAccount = !!scmByClass('pg_myaccount').length; App.supportsFlexbox = !!scmByClass('flexbox').length; App.isCollection = !!scmByClass('pg_collection').length; App.isPaidUser = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsPaidUser').getAttribute('value')); App.isMember = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsMember').getAttribute('value')); App.isIndividual = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsIndividual').getAttribute('value')); App.hasAccess = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppHasAccess').getAttribute('value')); App.isReferredFromGoogle = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle').getAttribute('value')); var subscribedTo = scmById('hfAppSubscribedTo').getAttribute('value'); App.userSubscribedTo = subscribedTo ? subscribedTo.split(',') : undefined; App.isLucy = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsLucy').getAttribute('value')); App.currentJournalCount = 27; App.isChannelPage = !!(scmByClass('channels-page')); App.updateAppVariables = debounce(function () { setVariables(); }, 50, false); })(App); </script> <div class="footer-ad-wrapper"> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divAds" class="footer-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"genomics","siteId":365,"journalId":249,"adDisplay":11,"adSection":"home","adPosition":"btf","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad-riser-wrap desktop-only"> <div class="ad-riser--dismiss t-c">X</div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_Riser"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_Riser" data-params="{"parameters":{"siteName":"genomics","siteId":365,"journalId":249,"adDisplay":12,"adSection":"home","adPosition":"Riser","fromGoogle":false},"dynamicParameters":{"localParams":"[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]"}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap">  <div class="btnTop"> <a href="#top" class="icon-top"> <span class="visually-hidden">Button To Top</span> </a> </div> <footer class="footer" id="footer"> <div id="footer-microsite" class="footer-microsite"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Channel_Footer_Left" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 id="BodyContent_Footer_h3SiteName" class="footer-heading is-b footer-microsite-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-microsite-links-wrap">JAMA Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-microsite-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-microsite-contents"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_ContentHeader" class="footer-subheading">Content</h4> <a href="/">Home</a> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio/" target="_blank">Podcasts</a> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">Featured Content</a> </div> <div class="footer-network-other jn-ss-footer-border-top jn-ss-footer-border-bottom"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" class="link-network-other is-b link-learning">JN Learning / CME</a> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="link-network-other is-b link-store" target="_blank">Store</a> <a href="/pages/apps" class="link-network-other is-b link-mobile" target="_blank">Apps</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="link-network-other is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians" class="link-network-other is-b link-institutions-librarians" target="_blank">Institutions</a> <a href="/pages/reprints-and-permissions" class="link-network-other is-b link-reprints-permissions" target="_blank">Reprints & Permissions</a> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSubscribe" class="footer-microsite-subscribe"> <div class="subscribe-meta"> <h4 class="subscribe-heading footer-subheading">Subscribe</h4> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com/" class="subscribe-submit btn jn-ss-footer-button-gray">Go</a> </div> </div> </div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/CSSUploads/jamanetwork-channels-defaults.css?versionId=75579"> <style type="text/css"> .widget-SelfServeContent.widget-instance-genomics_Channel_Subheading {display:block;margin-bottom:34px;margin-top:-32px;} .channel-links .collapsible-list-header:after {content:"+";font-weight: 700;margin-left: -1px;padding: 0;} .channel-links .collapsible-list-header[aria-selected=true]:after {content: ":";font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;margin-left:-0;padding: 0;top: -5px;} .channel-links a.collapsible-list-header {color: #D71635;} .channel-links .collapsible-list .collapsible-list-target {margin-left:0;} .channel-links {} .channel-links ul {color:#D71635;display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing: -0.2px; list-style-type:none;margin:0 0 20px 0;text-transform: uppercase;} .channel-links ul li {margin-bottom:10px;} .channel-links ul li:last-of-type {margin-bottom:0;} .channel-links ul a {color:#5c5c5c;.3} .channel-links ul a.active-page {color:#D71635;} .channel-links p {font-weight:500;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:0;} .channel-links .horizontal-list {display:none;} .channel-links .collapsible-list {display:block;} @media only screen and (min-width:600px) { } @media only screen and (min-width:768px) { .channel-links ul {flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;letter-spacing: -0.3px;} .channel-links ul.horizontal-list {font-size:14px;} .channel-links ul.horizontal-list a {font-size:14px;} .channel-links ul li {margin:0 10px 0 0;} .channel-links ul li:last-of-type {margin-right:0;} .channel-links .collapsible-list {display:none;} .channel-links .horizontal-list {display:flex;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .channel-links ul.horizontal-list {font-size:16px;} .channel-links ul.horizontal-list a {font-size:16px;} } @media only screen and (min-width:1025px) { } @media only screen and (min-width:1440px) { .channel-links ul li {margin-right:25px;} } </style> </div> <div id="footer-network" class="footer-network"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Middle" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-network-sites {width: 62.85542%;} .footer-network-info {width: 35.93976%} .jn-ss-subheading-mt {margin-top: 1.5em;} .jn-registered:after {content: "\00AE";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .jn-trademark:after {content: "\2122";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .nav-logo-cme-signin-container .nav-logo .site-logo img { min-width:50px;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b jn-registered" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-network-links-wrap"><strong>JAMA</strong> Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-network-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-network-sites"> <div class="internal"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JournalHeader" class="footer-subheading">Publications</h4> <a href="/journals/jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" target="_blank">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc">Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> <div class="external"> <h4 class="footer-subheading">Sites</h4> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_ssFooterSiteMenu"> <div class="selfServe"> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/">Art and Images in Psychiatry</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/2023-most-viewed-jama">Best of the JAMA Network</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/caring-for-the-critically-ill-patient">Caring for the Critically Ill Patient</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords">Clinical Crosswords from JAMA</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert">Coronavirus Resource Center</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://ebm.jamanetwork.com/index.html">Evidence-Based Medicine: An Oral History</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/fishbein-fellowship">Fishbein Fellowship</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/genomics/">Genomics and Precision Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/health-and-the-2024-us-election">Health and the 2024 US Election</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/hypertension">Hypertension</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/health-forum/archive">JAMA Forum Archive</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio">JAMA Network Audio</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/video">JAMA Network Video</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/conferences">JAMA Network Conferences </a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/ai">JAMA+ AI</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/jama-summit">JAMA Summit </a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jamasurgery/pages/statistics-and-methods">JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/medical-news">Medical News</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/monkeypox">Mpox (Monkeypox)</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/research-ethics/">Research Ethics</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/collections">Topics and Collections</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/visual-abstracts">Visual Abstracts</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/war">War and Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/womens-health">Women's Health</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Featured Articles</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397">CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808296">Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Cancer, 2010-2019</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Global Burden of Long COVID</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344">Global Burden of Melanoma</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874">Global Disparities in Parkinson Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799547">Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2799486">Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903">Neuropsychiatry Sequelae of COVID-19</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810313">A New Framework for Dementia Nomenclature</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656">Organization and Performance of US Health Systems</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Pharmacy Benefit Managers: History, Business Practices, Economics, and Policy</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Promoting EDI in Genetics Research</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972">PTSD and Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754">Red Blood Cell Transfusion: 2023 AABB International Guidelines</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600">Reimagining Children’s Rights in the US</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049">Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374">The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">USPSTF Recommendation Statements</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985">Screening for Colorectal Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190">Screening for Hypertension</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244">Screening for Lung Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796244">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Children</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Adults</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2795521">Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446">Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Blogs</h4> <a target="_blank" href="https://amastyleinsider.com/">AMA Style Insider</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-network-info" class="footer-network-info"> <div class="information-for-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_InfoHeader" class="footer-subheading">Information</h4> <a href="/pages/for-authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians">For Institutions & Librarians</a> <a href="/pages/advertisers">For Advertisers</a> <a href="/pages/subscription-agents">For Subscription Agents</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">For Employers & Job Seekers</a> <a href="https://media.jamanetwork.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">For the Media</a> <a href="/pages/equity-diversity-inclusion">Equity, Diversity, Inclusion</a> <a href="/pages/commenting-policy">Online Commenting Policy</a> <a href="/pages/access-at-jama-network">Public Access and Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/pages/offensive-content-statement">Statement on Potentially Offensive Content</a> </div> <div class="services-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JAMANetworkProductsHeader" class="footer-subheading">JAMA Network Products</h4> <a href="http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">AMA Manual of Style</a> <a href="https://jamaevidence.mhmedical.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank"><span class="jn-registered">JAMAevidence</span></a> <a href="http://www.peerreviewcongress.org/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Peer Review Congress</a> </div> <div class="learning-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_LearningHeader" class="footer-subheading">JN Learning</h4> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning">Home</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/state-cme">State CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/clinical-challenge-courses">Clinical Challenge CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/288 ">Atrial Fibrillation Course</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/294 ">Women's Health Course</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/pages/auto-credit-reporting">CME / MOC Reporting Preferences</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/about-cme">About CME & MOC</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-resources-wrap" class="footer-resources-wrap"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Right" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-resources-wrap .footer-subheading {color: grey;display:block !important;font-size: 1.17647em;font-weight: 400;text-transform: uppercase;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b footer-resources-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-resources">Help</h3> </div> <div class="footer-resources"> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Subscriptions & Renewals</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-alerts" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Manage Emails</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-profile" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Update My Address</a> <a href="https://support.jamanetwork.com/hc/en-us" class="footer-service-link">Support Center</a> <a href="/myaccount " class="footer-service-link">My Account</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">JAMA Career Center</h4> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Physician Job Listings</a> </div> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Channel_Footer_LowerRight" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 32px;height: 32px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px 0 3px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 6px 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-color: #C13584;border-color: #191919;} #load-instagram-image { background: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png) no-repeat -9999px -9999px; } </style> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSocial" class="social-links footer-social-links"> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMAJournal/" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="https://twitter.com/JAMA_current" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b linked-in"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="18290f5a-1c63-4b13-898e-e64d5dae5641" href="/rss/site_3/67.xml" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> </div>  <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divEmailUpdate" class="footer-email-updates"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-Home_MainContentB2Channel_EmailListSignUp"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA Network</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bar" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Bottom_Bar" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .network-bar .auth--inst {color:#B8B8B8;} .multimedia-caption-container div.video-caption {color: #262626;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-health-forum:before {background: #133763;} .jn-bottom-bar {color: #fff; float: left;font-size: 10px;padding: 13px 20px;width: 33.33%;} .jn-bottom-bar p {line-height: 2;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.jn-bottom-bar {float: none;width: 100%;}} .jn-footer-copyright {font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:10px;} .jn-footer-pipe {margin:0 10px;} .footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 230px;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 200px;}} [data-thm=umb] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jama] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jaman] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed0973 !important;} [data-thm=cardi] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #be1e32 !important;} [data-thm=derm] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006f3b !important;} [data-thm=faci] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed1c24 !important;} [data-thm=jama-] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #fb5252 !important;} [data-thm=intem] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006e96 !important;} [data-thm=neur] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #981b1e !important;} [data-thm=oncol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #3b923f !important;} [data-thm=ophth] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #66bc29 !important;} [data-thm=otol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #34b6e4 !important;} [data-thm=peds] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #0084c0 !important;} [data-thm=psych] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #005276 !important;} [data-thm=surg] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #f47920 !important;} .blockquote .para {margin: 0 0 1em 1em;} .jn-footer-copyright {display: block;} .inline-block {display: inline-block;} </style> <a class="footer-bar-jn-logo d-b no-mw mb1" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"><img class="mw-100" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/global/jn-signature-reversed-r.svg?versionId=82308" alt="Jama Network Logo"></a> <div class="jn-bottom-bar"> <p> <span class="jn-footer-copyright">© 2024 American Medical Association. <span class="inline-block">All rights reserved,</span> including those for text and data mining, AI training, <span class="inline-block">and similar technologies.</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/terms-use" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Terms of Use</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Privacy Policy</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/accessibility-statement" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Accessibility Statement</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a onclick="OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay()" rel="nofollow" class="p0" id="CookieFooter">Cookie Settings</a></span> </p> </div>  <a class="footer-bar-sis no-mw relative nudge-down" href="https://www.silverchair.com" target="_blank"><img class="footer-bar-sis-img mt05 mw-100" width="600" height="70" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/powered.png" alt="Silverchair Logo" /></a> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="ss-ui-only"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SS_UI_Only"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SsUiOnly" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> . </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="widget-UserContentAccessWrite widget-instance-AMA_UserContentAccessWrite_Site"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-LocalStorage-UserContentAccessWrite" data-values='{"id":"0","type":"Site","date":"11/30/2024 10:01:38 AM"}'></div> </div> <div id="revealModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal> <div id="revealContent"></div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="artmet-modal" id="MetricsModal"> <div class="artmet-modal-contents"> <a class="artmet-close-modal">×</a> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SigninModals widget-instance-AMA_SigninModals"> <div class="js-modal-no-access-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-paid-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-free-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Sign in to access free PDF</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_FreePdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-save-search-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Save your search</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-follow-collection-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Customize your interests</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-user-comment-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Make a comment</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fgenomics"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="hidden-true js-modal-page-data" data-store-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-purchase-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-subscribe-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com"> </div> </div> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js?v=638654734634555810"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.js?v=638677764559592887" defer></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=643701de45aa460012e1032e&product=sop' async='async'></script> </form> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/scss/modules/_trendMD.css"> <div class="widget-CustomJSScript widget-instance-"> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/ama/ama.proxylogging.js" async></script> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Home | Genomics and Precision Health | JAMA Network