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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venetian_period_(1210-1715)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_period_(1210-1715)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Venetian period (1210-1715)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_period_(1210-1715)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period_(1715-1903)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period_(1715-1903)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ottoman period (1715-1903)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period_(1715-1903)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leper_colony_(1904-1957)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leper_colony_(1904-1957)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Leper colony (1904-1957)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leper_colony_(1904-1957)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Brotherhood_of_the_Sick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Brotherhood_of_the_Sick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>The Brotherhood of the Sick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Brotherhood_of_the_Sick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abandonment_and_Born's_research_(1962-_2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abandonment_and_Born's_research_(1962-_2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Abandonment and Born's research (1962- 2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abandonment_and_Born's_research_(1962-_2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_restoration_(2005-_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_restoration_(2005-_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Tourism and restoration (2005- present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_restoration_(2005-_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_&_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_&_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Film & television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_&_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spinalonga</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="سبينالونجا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبينالونجا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Спиналонга – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спиналонга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%ADda_Spinal%C3%B3gka" title="Nisída Spinalógka – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nisída Spinalógka" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal%C3%B3gka" title="Spinalógka – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Spinalógka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Σπιναλόγκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπιναλόγκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="اسپینالونگا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپینالونگا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal%C3%B3nga" title="Spinalónga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spinalónga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalidon" title="Kalidon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kalidon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94" title="ספינלונגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספינלונגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="سپينالونجا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سپينالونجا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalidonia" title="Kalidonia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalidonia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC" title="スピナロンガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スピナロンガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinalonga" title="Espinalonga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espinalonga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_lepro%C8%99ilor" title="Insula leproșilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula leproșilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Спиналонга (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спиналонга (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga_(ostrov)" title="Spinalonga (ostrov) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spinalonga (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Спиналонга – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спиналонга" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal%C3%B3nga" title="Spinalónga – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spinalónga" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spirlonga_Adas%C4%B1" title="İspirlonga Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İspirlonga Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Спіналонга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спіналонга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="سپینالونگا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپینالونگا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinalonga" title="Spinalonga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Spinalonga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%B3%93%E7%B4%8D%E9%9A%86%E5%8A%A0%E5%B3%B6" title="史賓納隆加島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="史賓納隆加島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spinalonga&params=35_17_51_N_25_44_17_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°17′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">25°44′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.29750°N 25.73806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.29750; 25.73806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island northeast of Crete</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Spinalonga (Kalydon)</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native">Native name: <div class="nickname" lang="el">Σπιναλόγκα (Καλυδών)</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg/260px-20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg/390px-20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg/520px-20090620_Spinalogka_Elounta_panoramic_view_from_the_mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4284" data-file-height="2844" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Panoramic view from the mountain</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GR_Spinalonga.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/GR_Spinalonga.PNG/260px-GR_Spinalonga.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/GR_Spinalonga.PNG/390px-GR_Spinalonga.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/GR_Spinalonga.PNG/520px-GR_Spinalonga.PNG 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spinalonga&params=35_17_51_N_25_44_17_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°17′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">25°44′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.29750°N 25.73806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.29750; 25.73806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note">Cretan Islands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">0.085 km<sup>2</sup> (0.033 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>Greece</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">0 (2001)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Spinalonga</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Σπιναλόγκα</span>) is an island in the Gulf of <a href="/wiki/Elounda" title="Elounda">Elounda</a>, north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a>, next to the town of Plaka in the area of <a href="/wiki/Kalydon_(Elounda)" title="Kalydon (Elounda)">Kalydon</a>. It is near the <a href="/wiki/Spinalonga_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinalonga peninsula">Spinalonga peninsula</a> ("large Spinalonga") – which often causes confusion as the same name is used for both. </p><p>The island was maintained as a fortress for centuries under <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands_under_Venetian_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionian Islands under Venetian rule">Venetian rule</a>. It later became a refuge for Muslim families fearing persecution, and finally a <a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">leper colony</a> in the early 20th century. It has been uninhabited since 1962; though it has undergone some restoration work in the years since. Today it is the second most visited tourist site in Crete, and sixth in Greece overall.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinalonga-et-al-from-OSM-view-with-text-4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spinalonga-et-al-from-OSM-view-with-text-4.png/220px-Spinalonga-et-al-from-OSM-view-with-text-4.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spinalonga-et-al-from-OSM-view-with-text-4.png/330px-Spinalonga-et-al-from-OSM-view-with-text-4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Spinalonga-et-al-from-OSM-view-with-text-4.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Map of Elounda, Spinalonga and surrounding areas.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Venetian documents, the name of the island originated in the Greek expression στην Ελούντα <i>stin Elounda</i> (meaning "to <a href="/wiki/Elounda" title="Elounda">Elounda</a>"). The Venetians could not understand the expression, so they familiarized it using their own language, and called it <i>spina</i> "thorn" <i>longa</i> "long", an expression that was also maintained by the locals. It has also been suggested that <i>Spina longa</i> may be in reference to the spine-like shape of the terrain, as seen from Elounda.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Ottoman period, Turkish people referred to it as "Spirlonga". This may simply have been down to mispronunciation, though it has also been suggested that this may reference a local legend of a romance between the characters Spiros and Longa. During the leper colony era (1904-1957), the island had the local nickname "the island of the living dead".<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spinalonga is a rocky island situated at the northern mouth of the gulf of Elounda. Around 750m of water separates it from the village of Plaka on the Cretan mainland to the west. To the south a narrow strip of water separates it from Kolokitha island, while the east is open to the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a>. It is only 85,000 square meters in size,<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and largely rocky, with steep cliffs at the northern side of the island. Elsewhere the coastline features pebble beaches that retreat into shallow waters. The highest point is in the centre-south of the island, at an altitude of around 50m. There is some sparse foliage cover including fig trees, cypress, olive and pine. <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">Prickly pears</a> are also present on the island, though these are not native. They were brought to the island by the French or Venetians.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of its position, the island was fortified from the ancient period in order to protect the entrance of the port of <a href="/wiki/Olous" title="Olous">Olous</a>. These defences fell into ruin over the following centuries. Christians hid among the ruins in the 820s to escape from <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Saracen invaders</a>. The ruins were present into the early Venetian period, but little is known of them as there have never been any serious excavation works.<sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venetian_period_(1210-1715)"><span id="Venetian_period_.281210-1715.29"></span>Venetian period (1210-1715)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Venetian period (1210-1715)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Crete">Venetian Crete</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scoglio,_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Scoglio%2C_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg/250px-Scoglio%2C_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Scoglio%2C_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg/375px-Scoglio%2C_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Scoglio%2C_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg/500px-Scoglio%2C_et_Fortezza_di_Spinalonga_-_Francesco_Basilicata_-_1618.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1127" /></a><figcaption>A map of Spinalonga fortress by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Basilicata" title="Francesco Basilicata">Francesco Basilicata</a>, 1618.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinalonga_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Spinalonga_island.jpg/250px-Spinalonga_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Spinalonga_island.jpg/375px-Spinalonga_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Spinalonga_island.jpg/500px-Spinalonga_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>A view of the Venetian fortifications</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> occupied Crete from 1210, and built a number of fortresses on the island during their rule. Spinalonga was among the last of these.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Venetians began to construct salt-pans in the shallow and salty waters of the gulf in the mid fifteenth century. Subsequently, the region acquired commercial value and became inhabited. This, in combination with the emergent Turkish threat, particularly after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a> in 1453, and the continuous pirate raids, forced the Venetians to fortify the island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Provveditore#Provveditore_generale" title="Provveditore">Provveditore generale</a> Jacob Foscarini suggested fortifications for Spinalonga, and a group of engineers were sent to the island in 1574 to survey the topography.<sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1578 the Venetians hired the engineer Genese Bressani to plan the island's fortifications. He created <a href="/wiki/Blockhouse" title="Blockhouse">blockhouses</a> at the highest points of the northern and southern side of the island, as well as a fortification ring along the coast that countered any hostile disembarkation. In 1579, the <a href="/wiki/Provveditore_generale_di_Candia" class="mw-redirect" title="Provveditore generale di Candia">Provveditore generale di Candia</a> Luca Michiel, laid the foundation stone of the fortifications, built over the ruins of an <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a>. There are two inscriptions that cite this event, one on the transom of the main gate of the castle and the other on the base of the rampart at the north side of the castle. The defences were largely built using stone from Spinalonga, as well as some stone from Olouda and Kolokitha island.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1584, the Venetians, realising that the coastal fortifications were easy to conquer by the enemies attacking from the nearby hills, decided to strengthen their defense by constructing new fortifications at the top of the hill. The new Venetian firepower had longer range, rendering Spinalonga one of the most important sea forts in the Mediterranean basin. It was equipped with 35 cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spinalonga, along with <a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Souda</a>, remained in Venetian hands after the rest of Crete fell to the Ottomans in the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War (1645–1669)</a>. These three forts defended Venetian <a href="/wiki/Trade_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade routes">trade routes</a> and were also useful bases in the event of a new Venetian-Turkish war for Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-Detorakis343_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Detorakis343-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Christians found refuge in these fortresses to escape persecution from the Ottoman Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iakovos Jiritas built a church in 1709 on the island, called Agios Paneteleimon after <a href="/wiki/Saint_Panteleimon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Panteleimon">Saint Panteleimon</a>. It only stood for six years, as it was destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1714%E2%80%931718)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)">last Ottoman–Venetian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maltezou159_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maltezou159-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinalonga.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Spinalonga.jpeg/250px-Spinalonga.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Spinalonga.jpeg/375px-Spinalonga.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Spinalonga.jpeg/500px-Spinalonga.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The island of Spinalonga</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period_(1715-1903)"><span id="Ottoman_period_.281715-1903.29"></span>Ottoman period (1715-1903)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ottoman period (1715-1903)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Ottoman Crete</a></div> <p>In 1715, the island was given to the Ottomans by agreement, under the condition that the inhabitants would be safely transferred to <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>. The Ottomans did not abide by the agreement, instead slaughtering and enslaving the locals.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spinalonga was the last remaining Venetian fortress, and the event removed the last trace of Venetian military presence from the island of Crete.<sup id="cite_ref-Detorakis338_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Detorakis338-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Ottoman forces took up residence on the island and the population gradually grew over time. By 1830 there were 80 Muslim families living on Spinalonga. After the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1866%E2%80%931869)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)">revolution of 1866</a> more came to the island from all across the <a href="/wiki/Mirampello" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirampello">Mirabello</a> region, fearing Christian reprisals.<sup id="cite_ref-Detorakis385_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Detorakis385-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">Cretan revolt of 1878</a>, only Spinalonga and the fortress at Ierapetra were not taken by the Christian Cretan insurgents.<sup id="cite_ref-Detorakis406_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Detorakis406-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a centre for smugglers towards the end of the century. The majority of the inhabitants abandoned the island after the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)" title="Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)">Ottoman defeat in 1898</a>, though a small number of traffickers remained until 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leper_colony_(1904-1957)"><span id="Leper_colony_.281904-1957.29"></span>Leper colony (1904-1957)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Leper colony (1904-1957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_years">Early years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga,_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga%2C_1901.jpg/220px-Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga%2C_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga%2C_1901.jpg/330px-Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga%2C_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga%2C_1901.jpg/440px-Giuseppe_Gerola_-_Spinalonga%2C_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Spinalonga in 1901 by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Gerola" title="Giuseppe Gerola">Giuseppe Gerola</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Cretan state declared in 1903 that mandatory isolation of leprosy patients would take place on Spinalonga. In this regard the Cretan government was influenced by the work of <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Ehlers" title="Edvard Ehlers">Edvard Ehlers</a>, a Danish dermatologist and advocate for seclusion theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the forced displacement of the remaining Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first 251 lepers arrived in October 1904, and thereafter continued to arrive occasionally, sometimes while restrained. Leprosy was associated with extreme stigma at the time, and families of those who were sent to Spinalonga often avoided mentioning their connection to the place. The names of lepers were struck from the registries of their home towns when they were sent to Spinalonga.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lepers generally arrived at the southern dock. Some sources refer to this entrance as "<a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>'s Gate", which allegedly bore an inscription that read "I lead to the land of grief; I lead to the endless pain; I lead towards the damned souls; Leave all hope behind”.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story is sometimes repeated by tour guides, but there is no historical evidence of such an inscription, nor such a moniker for the gate. The only similar inscription known to <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Born" title="Maurice Born">Maurice Born</a>'s research was one on the northwestern side which read "Boulevard of Pain".<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first arrivals settled in the lowlands of the island and destroyed the Muslim homes (from the Ottoman era), using the materials for their own construction. A graveyard was maintained for the residents, and a yellow flag flew from the highest point to warn travellers of the presence of leprosy. The island only accepted Cretan lepers until 1913, when <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1913)" title="Treaty of London (1913)">Crete was returned to Greece</a>; Spinalonga accepted lepers from the rest of Greece too until the <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-HellenicMed_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HellenicMed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some staff were present there including three street sweepers with disinfection duties, a priest and a caretaker. There were also staff paid to sanitise items that left the island, which was done with sulphur. This method of sanitisation was in actuality ineffective.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of the movement of the staff, travel to the island was prohibited, and fishing was forbidden beyond a radius of 200m from the shoreline. </p><p>Spinalonga was considered a place of isolation for the infected, and not intended for treatment. Conditions on the island were squalid, and there were several instances of unrest. There was little sense of community until the 1930s, with the lepers in a state of grim survivalism, focused on food, gambling and alcohol. There was some difficulty finding volunteers to bury the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many attempted escape or suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They generally lived alone in their own homes and were reliant on the collection of rainwater, and shipments of water and food from the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inhabitants practiced <a href="/wiki/Folk_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk medicine">folk medicine</a> in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms, as there was no hospital or support available for them initially.<sup id="cite_ref-HellenicMed_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HellenicMed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1925 some conditions did start to improve, as Dr. Grammatikakis arrived and began offering medical care. He would send reports back to the mainland that led to some further improvements to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, a visit from <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a> led to the availability of hygranol on Spinalonga. The former mosque structure was repaired and used as a medical unit in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Brotherhood_of_the_Sick">The Brotherhood of the Sick</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Brotherhood of the Sick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936 a law student and young leper Epaminodas Remoundakis arrived on the island. He founded an organisation called "Brotherhood of the Sick of Spinalonga, Saint Panteleimon" with the goal of organising the community to improve conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Remoundakis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remoundakis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially this was simply through cleaning the streets, improving hygiene and whitewashing the buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938 it gained permission from the Greek government to demolish a section of the medieval fortifications and build a path around the perimeter of the island, which was accessible for handicapped lepers.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Brotherhood was able to establish a sense of community among the residents. They would congregate on the sunny, wind protected eastern part of the island to play backgammon and checkers. Concerts were performed by lepers with musical skills. They also cultivated parts of the island, and grew fig trees. Remoundakis was able to lobby the Greek government for permission for the lepers to marry one another and maintain businesses. A café was established and a donated record player would allow patrons to listen to music.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of children were born on the island, some of whom survived to be delivered to relatives on the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ban on mirrors was enforced by the Brotherhood, as the lepers did not want to see themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> had a deleterious effect on conditions on the island, as Greece came under occupation by the axis powers. The loss of resupply from the mainland meant that many lepers died of malnutrition. Some swam across to the mainland and were executed by the occupiers.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conditions continued to improve after the war, with hospital access and repairs to fishing boats granted. The Brotherhood was also able to organise electrical power and a cinema for the island. Later, the Brotherhood received a donation from two benefactors in Crete and used it to build new houses for the community. Two buildings were constructed, each containing 24 rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New treatments for leprosy were offered on Spinalonga from 1948, which led to a weakening of the isolation rules including short-term discharge permits.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1952 the Greek government was pushing for the abolition of all leper hospitals in favour of a central facility in Athens. Delays to this led to hunger strikes on the island in 1953. The isolation rule was formally dropped in 1955, though Spinalonga continued to operate.<sup id="cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek director <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADla_Kourkoul%C3%A1kou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Líla Kourkoulákou (page does not exist)">Líla Kourkoulákou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADla_Kourkoul%C3%A1kou" class="extiw" title="fr:Líla Kourkoulákou">fr</a>]</span> shot a documentary film on Spinalonga entitled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Island_of_Silence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Island of Silence (page does not exist)">The Island of Silence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele_du_silence" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Île du silence">fr</a>]</span></i>. The film was groundbreaking. The fact that it depicted the actual lepers was considered controversial, as it went against the then-prevailing view of Greece in film as "a sunny country with handsome shepherds". It was screened at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>, and was the first time a female Greek director had been represented at an international film festival. The controversy contributed to the closure of the island's leper colony. A British expert visited and wrote a report criticising the Greek state for its failure to care for the residents.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was ultimately not commercially successful when it was released broadly in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lepers were transferred to the anti-leprosy station of Agia Varvara in <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> in 1957. The last inhabitant of the island was the priest Chrysathos Katsouloyiannakis, who had come to the island from the <a href="/wiki/Toplou" class="mw-redirect" title="Toplou">Toplou</a> monastic community in <a href="/wiki/Siteia" class="mw-redirect" title="Siteia">Siteia</a>. He did not leave until 1962 in order to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox">Greek Orthodox</a> tradition of commemorating a buried person 40 days, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after their death. He fell into depression in this time. After his departure, the island was left abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abandonment_and_Born's_research_(1962-_2005)"><span id="Abandonment_and_Born.27s_research_.281962-_2005.29"></span>Abandonment and Born's research (1962- 2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Abandonment and Born's research (1962- 2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinalonga,_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Spinalonga%2C_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg/220px-Spinalonga%2C_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Spinalonga%2C_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg/330px-Spinalonga%2C_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Spinalonga%2C_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg/440px-Spinalonga%2C_verfallene_H%C3%A4user_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="2118" /></a><figcaption>Dilapidated houses on the road in the west of the island, 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>The island was left empty for decades after the departure of Katsouloyiannakis, and suffered from looting during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a> period (1967-1974). Access to it was banned on the grounds of a fictional infection risk; the "fairytale" restriction was designed to prevent looters.<sup id="cite_ref-Mavrikakis_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mavrikakis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ethnographer <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Born" title="Maurice Born">Maurice Born</a>, doing research on <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">social exclusion</a> began researching the island in 1967. He was the first academic to visit the island after its abandonment.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1969 he was renting a home in Plaka and visiting the island daily for research, crossing over in an inflatable boat. At this time the leper colony, while deserted, was largely intact. He documented his findings on the island extensively and never took anything from it. He regretted that in later years as many artefacts were ultimately lost to looting.<sup id="cite_ref-Mavrikakis_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mavrikakis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was also used as a shooting location for <a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Words_(1968_film)" title="Last Words (1968 film)">Last Words</a></i> (1968). </p><p>Remoundakis continued his activism on behalf of lepers from hospital, aiming to raise awareness of the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Remoundakis_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remoundakis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born made contact with the surviving former residents and co-wrote a book with Remoundakis in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-RemoundakisBorn_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RemoundakisBorn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born's funding, which was derived from the Paris Institute of the Environment (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Institut de l’Environnement</i>) ran out that year, but he was able to acquire further funding from <a href="/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz">Sandoz</a> in exchange for also filming a documentary on the island. This became the film <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Ordre_(film)" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Ordre (film)">L'Ordre</a></i> (1973).<sup id="cite_ref-Mavrikakis_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mavrikakis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island was declared an archeological site in 1976, and some demolition took place in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born has stated that the Greek state of the period "...seeking to erase the stain on their reputation, wanted to destroy all evidence of the leper colony."<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1980s some tourists were starting to visit the island. Several plans were proposed for redevelopment as late as the 1990s including as an asylum and as a cultural centre. These did not eventuate; the archeologist Stelios Lekakis considers that fortunate for the preservation of the historic structures.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was made formally accessible to the public in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_restoration_(2005-_present)"><span id="Tourism_and_restoration_.282005-_present.29"></span>Tourism and restoration (2005- present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tourism and restoration (2005- present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Born's view, the Greek government's views on the island changed in 2005- shifting from a desire to cover up the reputational damage to a desire to embrace the touristic aspect of the island. This is credited to a romanticised, erroneous version of the island's story in Victoria Hislop's novel <i>The Island</i>. The book was translated into 25 languages, sold millions of copies and was <a href="/wiki/To_Nisi" title="To Nisi">adapted for television</a>. The corresponding increase in tourism was lucrative; work by UNESCO in 2016 found that 22% of tourists were visiting because of the media adaptations, while a further 40% had consumed those works.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a problem with tourists desecrating graves, the bones of the deceased were removed and placed in a ossuary next to the cemetery with new plaques in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> funding was granted in 2014 to restore 16 structures and improve accessibility on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek government applied to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 2014 for the island to be approved as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. The application referenced the many eras of architecture present, as well as the human tragedy of the leper colony.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third phase of funding in 2018 reinforced the southwestern wall and maintained market buildings,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while funding approved in 2023 added accessible exhibition spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the uninhabited island is a popular tourist attraction in Crete. The island can easily be accessed from Plaka, <a href="/wiki/Elounda" title="Elounda">Elounda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos,_Crete" title="Agios Nikolaos, Crete">Agios Nikolaos</a>. Tourist boats depart regularly from all three towns, and the island receives hundreds of thousands of visitors per year.<sup id="cite_ref-drossos_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small snack bar is present near the dock.<sup id="cite_ref-Follow_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second most-visited location in Crete (after the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Knossos" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Knossos">Palace of Knossos</a>), and sixth in Greece overall.<sup id="cite_ref-Lekakis_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spinalonga was one of the last active leper colonies in Europe. While historically a devastating condition, modern treatments now exist. Isolation of patients has not been medically necessary since the 1940s, but in many developed countries continued until the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining leper colonies in Europe generally have a very small population of elderly lepers who contracted the illness before widespread availability of treatment. Surviving colonies include <a href="/wiki/Tichile%C8%99ti,_Tulcea" title="Tichilești, Tulcea">Tichilești</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, Fontilles in Spain and <a href="/wiki/Talsi" title="Talsi">Talsi</a> in Latvia. As of 2022, Europe was on the brink of declaring a total end to local transmission of leprosy.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg/500px-20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg/750px-20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg/1000px-20100820_Spinalonga_island_Crete_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="18836" data-file-height="2749" /></a><figcaption>The west bank of Spinalonga</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Spinalonga: Ad Vitam</i> (1933), a novel by T. Kornaros.</li> <li><i>The Touching of Wood</i> (1995), a short story by Ali Smith set on the island. Published in <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Love_and_Other_Stories" title="Free Love and Other Stories">Free Love and Other Stories</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Island_(2005_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Island (2005 novel)">The Island</a></i> (2005), a novel by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Hislop" title="Victoria Hislop">Victoria Hislop</a>, the story of a family's ties to the leper colony.</li> <li><i>Spinalonga</i> (2008), a short story by John Ware about a tourist group that visits the island. Included in the 13th <a href="/wiki/Pan_Book_of_Horror" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Book of Horror">Pan Book of Horror</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DoG_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoG-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_&_television"><span id="Film_.26_television"></span>Film & television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Film & television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Crete Without the Gods</i> (1935), a Cretan documentary which included a scene of the leper colony.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Island_of_Silence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Island of Silence (page does not exist)">The Island of Silence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele_du_silence" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Île du silence">fr</a>]</span></i> (1959), a film by <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADla_Kourkoul%C3%A1kou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Líla Kourkoulákou (page does not exist)">Líla Kourkoulákou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADla_Kourkoul%C3%A1kou" class="extiw" title="fr:Líla Kourkoulákou">fr</a>]</span>, which was shot on the island.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Words_(1968_film)" title="Last Words (1968 film)">Last Words</a></i> (1968), an experimental short film by <a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a>. It was partially shot on the island and focuses on the closure of the colony.</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Ordre_(film)" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Ordre (film)">L'Ordre</a></i> (1973), a documentary by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Daniel_Pollet" title="Jean-Daniel Pollet">Jean-Daniel Pollet</a> on the abandoned leper colony, and in particular Raimondakis.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Pays_the_Ferryman%3F" title="Who Pays the Ferryman?">Who Pays the Ferryman?</a></i> (1977), a television series. Spinalonga featured in the background of the episode <i>A River to Cross</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Nisi" title="To Nisi">To Nisi</a></i> (2010), a television adaptation of Hislop's novel.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Follow-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Follow_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAntonis2011" class="citation book cs1">Antonis, Alibertis (2011). <i>Follow us in Spinalonga</i>. Mystis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Follow+us+in+Spinalonga&rft.pub=Mystis&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Antonis&rft.aufirst=Alibertis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lekakis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lekakis_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLekakis2017" class="citation web cs1">Lekakis (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2017/11/20/notes-field-spinalonga-blues/">"The Spinalonga blues"</a>. <i>Archaeology & Arts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archaeology+%26+Arts&rft.atitle=The+Spinalonga+blues&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Lekakis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.wiki%2Fblog%2F2017%2F11%2F20%2Fnotes-field-spinalonga-blues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/170098?locale=en">"Πανδέκτης: Spinalogka -- Kalydon"</a>. <i>pandektis.ekt.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pandektis.ekt.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82%3A+Spinalogka+--+Kalydon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpandektis.ekt.gr%2Fpandektis%2Fhandle%2F10442%2F170098%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5866">"Fortress of Spinalonga"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Fortress+of+Spinalonga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drossos-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drossos_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Spinaloga: Agios Nikolaos- Eloyda</i>. Drossos Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spinaloga%3A+Agios+Nikolaos-+Eloyda&rft.pub=Drossos+Co.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Detorakis343-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Detorakis343_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>Turkish rule in Crete</i>, p. 343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maltezou159-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maltezou159_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maltezou, <i>Crete under Venetian rule</i>, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Detorakis338-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Detorakis338_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>Turkish rule in Crete</i>, p. 338</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Detorakis385-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Detorakis385_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>Turkish rule in Crete</i>, p. 385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Detorakis406-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Detorakis406_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detorakis, <i>Turkish rule in Crete</i>, p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ModernTimes-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ModernTimes_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spinalonga-island.gr/history/%CE%B7-%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%B3%CF%87%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82/?lang=en">"Modern Times"</a>. <i>ΥΠΠΟΑ - Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Λασιθίου</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%91+-+%CE%95%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.atitle=Modern+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspinalonga-island.gr%2Fhistory%2F%25CE%25B7-%25CF%2583%25CF%258D%25CE%25B3%25CF%2587%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B7-%25CF%2580%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B4%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HellenicMed-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HellenicMed_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HellenicMed_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΣταυρακάκης2022" class="citation journal cs1">Σταυρακάκης, N (2022). "The living conditions and care of the lepers on the islet of Spinalonga". <i>Archives of Hellenic Medicine</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 397–409.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Hellenic+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+living+conditions+and+care+of+the+lepers+on+the+islet+of+Spinalonga&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=397-409&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.aufirst=N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20170921-the-abandoned-greek-island-shrouded-in-mystery">"The abandoned Greek island shrouded in mystery"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+abandoned+Greek+island+shrouded+in+mystery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20170921-the-abandoned-greek-island-shrouded-in-mystery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Remoundakis-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Remoundakis_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Remoundakis_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spinalonga-island.gr/history/historical-figures/%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82-%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82/?lang=en">"Epaminondas Remoundakis (1914-1978): An Eagle Without Wings"</a>. <i>ΥΠΠΟΑ - Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Λασιθίου</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%91+-+%CE%95%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.atitle=Epaminondas+Remoundakis+%281914-1978%29%3A+An+Eagle+Without+Wings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspinalonga-island.gr%2Fhistory%2Fhistorical-figures%2F%25CE%25B5%25CF%2580%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BD%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582-%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20170921-the-abandoned-greek-island-shrouded-in-mystery">"The abandoned Greek island shrouded in mystery"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+abandoned+Greek+island+shrouded+in+mystery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20170921-the-abandoned-greek-island-shrouded-in-mystery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaralis2012" class="citation book cs1">Karalis, Vrasidas (2012). <i>History of Greek Cinema</i>. p. 85.</cite><span 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RemoundakisBorn_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Remoundakis and Born, <i>Vies et Morts d'un Crétois lépreux</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daysofart.gr/en/news/history-news/the-maurice-born-archive-at-the-historical-museum-of-crete-processing-and-promotion-with-the-support-of-the-regional-authority-of-crete/">"The Maurice Born Archive at the Historical Museum of Crete Processing and Promotion with the support of the Regional Authority of Crete"</a>. <i>Days of Art in Greece</i>. 18 July 2022.</cite><span 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id="cite_note-DoG-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoG_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denofgeek.com/comics/90459/the_pan_books_of_horror_stories.html">"The Pan Books of Horror Stories"</a>. <i>Den of Geek</i>. Dennis Publishing. 24 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Locations Page</i>. 13 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+Pays+The+Ferryman%3F+Locations+Page&rft.atitle=Episode+7+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9CA+River+to+Cross%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhopaystheferryman.com%2Fepisode-7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_civ_0_27/01/2010_114376">Mega takes on ‘The Island’</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDetorakis1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Detorakis, Theocharis (1988). 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Toulouse: Éditions Anacharsis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9791027901715" title="Special:BookSources/9791027901715"><bdi>9791027901715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vies+et+Morts+d%27un+Cr%C3%A9tois+l%C3%A9preux&rft.place=Toulouse&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Anacharsis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9791027901715&rft.aulast=Remoundakis&rft.aufirst=Epaminondas&rft.au=Born%2C+Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpyropoulos2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Spyropoulos, Giannis (2018). "Το οθωμανικό φρούριο της Σπιναλόγκας από την κατάκτησή του (1715) μέχρι τις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα" [The Ottoman Fortress of Spinalonga from its Conquest (1715) to the Early 19th Century]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/5/d/5/metadata-1525688525-459146-20835.tkl"><i>Πεπραγμένα του ΙΑ′ Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Ρέθυμνο, 21-27 Οκτωβρίου 2011. Τόμος Γ1: Νεότεροι Χρόνοι – Σύγχρονη Εποχή</i></a> (in Greek). Rethymno: Historical and Folklore Society of Rethymno. pp. 9–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CE%BF%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AE+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%281715%29+%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+19%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1&rft.btitle=%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%99%CE%91%E2%80%B2+%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82+%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85%2C+%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%2C+21-27+%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%89%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85+2011.+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%931%3A+%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9+%E2%80%93+%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%B3%CF%87%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B7+%CE%95%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE&rft.place=Rethymno&rft.pages=9-35&rft.pub=Historical+and+Folklore+Society+of+Rethymno&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Spyropoulos&rft.aufirst=Giannis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanemi.lib.uoc.gr%2Fmetadata%2F5%2Fd%2F5%2Fmetadata-1525688525-459146-20835.tkl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHislop2005" class="citation book cs1">Hislop, Victoria (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/island00vict_0"><i>The Island</i></a></span>. Headline Review. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780755309511" title="Special:BookSources/9780755309511"><bdi>9780755309511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island&rft.pub=Headline+Review&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780755309511&rft.aulast=Hislop&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisland00vict_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHislop2008" class="citation book cs1">Hislop, Victoria (2008). <i>La Isla</i>. Spain: Nabla Ediciones. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-92461-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-92461-00-4"><bdi>978-84-92461-00-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Isla&rft.place=Spain&rft.pub=Nabla+Ediciones&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-92461-00-4&rft.aulast=Hislop&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorbas" class="citation book cs1">Zorbas, Victor. <i>Spinalonga, The Isle of the Damned</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spinalonga%2C+The+Isle+of+the+Damned&rft.aulast=Zorbas&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpinalonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Spinalonga-Paradise or Purgatory? (1986) by Beryl Darby. The Star, 46,1,6–16, (The only one reference concerning the Spinalonga leprosy colony.)</li> <li>Lekakis, Stelios (2017). "The Spinalonga Blues; notes from the field". Archaeology & Arts (online edition, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2017/11/20/notes-field-spinalonga-blues/">archaeology.wiki</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinalonga&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/168169430">Crete without the gods (1935). Extract "Spinalonga"</a> on <a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53011676q">Fortezza di Spina Longa</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53011498p">Porto di Spina Longa</a> maps by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Boschini" title="Marco Boschini">Marco Boschini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdb.com/title/tt0061905/">Werner Herzog's documentary about man from Spinalonga</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/romeartlover/Spina.html">Spinalonga</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Cretan_islands" title="Template:Cretan islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cretan_islands" title="Template talk:Cretan islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cretan_islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cretan islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cretan_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Cretan</a> islands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chania_(regional_unit)" title="Chania (regional unit)">Chania<br />regional unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Agioi Theodoroi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Agios Theodoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Mikros Agios Theodoros</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elafonisi" title="Elafonisi">Elafonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavdos" title="Gavdos">Gavdos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavdopoula" title="Gavdopoula">Gavdopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a>, Agria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a>, Imeri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondikonisi" title="Pondikonisi">Pondikonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Souda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Apostoloi" title="Agioi Apostoloi">Agioi Apostoloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos_(Chania)" title="Agios Nikolaos (Chania)">Agios Nikolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammoudi_tous_Volakous" title="Ammoudi tous Volakous">Ammoudi tous Volakous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaouti" title="Arnaouti">Arnaouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(island)" title="Artemis (island)">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Gaidouronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karga_(island)" title="Karga (island)">Karga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katonisi" title="Katonisi">Katonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koursaroi" title="Koursaroi">Koursaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaretta" title="Lazaretta">Lazaretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_(Souda_Bay)" title="Leon (Souda Bay)">Leon/Nisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutro_(island)" title="Loutro (island)">Loutro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiosouda" title="Palaiosouda">Palaiosouda</a>/Marathi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalida" title="Petalida">Petalida</a>/Xera</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalouda" title="Petalouda">Petalouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontikaki" title="Pontikaki">Pontikaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praso_(Kissamos)" title="Praso (Kissamos)">Praso Kissamou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(Gavdos)" title="Prasonisi (Gavdos)">Prasonisi Gavdou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schistonisi" title="Schistonisi">Schistonisi</a>/Trachyli</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treis_Volakous" title="Treis Volakous">Treis Volakous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenti_rock" title="Valenti rock">Valenti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Rethymno_(regional_unit)" title="Rethymno (regional unit)">Rethymno<br />regional unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Paximadia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Megalo Paximadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadia">Mikro Paximadi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspros_Volakas" title="Aspros Volakas">Aspros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapori" title="Diapori">Diapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros_Volakas" title="Mavros Volakas">Mavros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri_(island)" title="Peristeri (island)">Peristeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(Rethymno)" title="Prasonisi (Rethymno)">Prasonisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Heraklion_(regional_unit)" title="Heraklion (regional unit)">Heraklion<br />regional unit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dia_(island)" title="Dia (island)">Dia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afentis_Christos" title="Afentis Christos">Afentis Christos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara_(island)" title="Agia Varvara (island)">Agia Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaronisi" title="Glaronisi">Glaronisi</a>/Petalidi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavronisi" title="Mavronisi">Mavronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalonisi_(Crete)" title="Megalonisi (Crete)">Megalonisi</a>/Makronisi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronisi" title="Mikronisi">Mikronisi</a>/Agios Pavlos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoplaka" title="Nisoplaka">Nisoplaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papadoplaka" title="Papadoplaka">Papadoplaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadi_(Gouves)" title="Paximadi (Gouves)">Paximadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psarocharako" title="Psarocharako">Psarocharako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis_(island)" title="Thetis (island)">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafos" title="Trafos">Trafos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lasithi" title="Lasithi">Lasithi</a><br />regional unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Pantes_(island)" title="Agioi Pantes (island)">Agioi Pantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysi_(island)" title="Chrysi (island)">Chrysi/Gaidouronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysades" title="Dionysades">Dionysades</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dragonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragonada">Dragonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianysada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianysada">Gianysada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximada" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximada">Paximada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadaki">Paximadaki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasa" title="Elasa">Elasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koufonisi_(Crete)" title="Koufonisi (Crete)">Koufonisi/Lefki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriamadi" title="Kyriamadi">Kyriamadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronisi" title="Mikronisi">Mikronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongyli_(Crete)" title="Strongyli (Crete)">Strongyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachilos_(islet)" title="Trachilos (islet)">Trachilos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Islets and rocks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Eirini_(island)" title="Agia Eirini (island)">Agia Eirini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochlos" title="Mochlos">Agios Nikolaos/Mochlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriomandra" title="Agriomandra">Agriomandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgo" title="Avgo">Avgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskaleia" title="Daskaleia">Daskaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotia_(island)" title="Fotia (island)">Fotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandes_(islands)" title="Grandes (islands)">Grandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(island)" title="Io (island)">Io</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalydon/Spinalonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karavi" title="Karavi">Karavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaloi" title="Kavaloi">Kavaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katergo" title="Katergo">Katergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolokythas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolokythas">Kolokythas</a>/Vryonisi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konida" title="Konida">Konida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kymo" title="Kymo">Kymo</a>/Koumeli</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroulo" title="Makroulo">Makroulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmaro" title="Marmaro">Marmaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros" title="Mavros">Mavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros_Vrachos" title="Mavros Vrachos">Mavros Vrachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megatzedes" title="Megatzedes">Megatzedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronisi_(Lasithi)" title="Mikronisi (Lasithi)">Mikronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolos" title="Nikolos">Nikolos</a>/Nikolonisi/Agios Antonios</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paximadaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Paximadaki">Paximadaki</a>/Prasonisi Siteias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristerovrachoi" title="Peristerovrachoi">Peristerovrachoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftena_Trachylia" title="Ftena Trachylia">Ftena Trachylia</a>/Pinakl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(Lefki)" title="Prasonisi (Lefki)">Prasonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosfora" title="Prosfora">Prosfora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseira" title="Pseira">Pseira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyllos" title="Psyllos">Psyllos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideros" title="Sideros">Sideros</a>/Strongylo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vryonisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vryonisi">Vryonisi</a>/Prasonisi</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Greek islands</a>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Islands" title="Saronic Islands">Saronic Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Aegean_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="North Aegean Islands">North Aegean Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echinades" title="Echinades">Echinades</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aegean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aegean_Sea" title="Template:Aegean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aegean_Sea" title="Template talk:Aegean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aegean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aegean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aegean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="General"><b>General</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_civilization" title="Aegean civilization">Aegean civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Greek islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Turkey" title="List of islands of Turkey">Turkish islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Aegean_Islands"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands"><b>Aegean Islands</b></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amorgos" title="Amorgos">Amorgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anafi" title="Anafi">Anafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananes" title="Ananes">Ananes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andros" title="Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilos" title="Antimilos">Antimilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparos" title="Antiparos">Antiparos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskalio" title="Daskalio">Daskalio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotiko" title="Despotiko">Despotiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donousa" title="Donousa">Donousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folegandros" title="Folegandros">Folegandros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaros" title="Gyaros">Gyaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ios" title="Ios">Ios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakleia_(Cyclades)" title="Irakleia (Cyclades)">Irakleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardiotissa" title="Kardiotissa">Kardiotissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kea_(island)" title="Kea (island)">Kea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keros" title="Keros">Keros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimolos" title="Kimolos">Kimolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koufonisia" title="Koufonisia">Koufonisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythnos" title="Kythnos">Kythnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milos" title="Milos">Milos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykonos" title="Mykonos">Mykonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paros" title="Paros">Paros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyaigos" title="Polyaigos">Polyaigos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rineia" title="Rineia">Rineia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Santorini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoinoussa" title="Schoinoussa">Schoinoussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serifopoula" title="Serifopoula">Serifopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serifos" title="Serifos">Serifos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifnos" title="Sifnos">Sifnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikinos" title="Sikinos">Sikinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syros" title="Syros">Syros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therasia" title="Therasia">Therasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinos" title="Tinos">Tinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vous_Island" title="Vous Island">Vous</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegean_with_legends.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aegean Sea"><img alt="Aegean Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aegean_with_legends.svg/150px-Aegean_with_legends.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aegean_with_legends.svg/225px-Aegean_with_legends.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aegean_with_legends.svg/300px-Aegean_with_legends.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Aegean Sea</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathonisi" title="Agathonisi">Agathonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimia" title="Alimia">Alimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkoi" title="Arkoi">Arkoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armathia" title="Armathia">Armathia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astakida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astakida (page does not exist)">Astakida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astypalaia" title="Astypalaia">Astypalaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalada" title="Çatalada">Çatalada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamili (page does not exist)">Chamili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmakonisi" title="Farmakonisi">Farmakonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaidaros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaidaros (page does not exist)">Gaidaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyali" title="Gyali">Gyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halki_(Greece)" title="Halki (Greece)">Halki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imia" title="Imia">Imia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalolimnos" title="Kalolimnos">Kalolimnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalymnos" title="Kalymnos">Kalymnos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandelioussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandelioussa (page does not exist)">Kandelioussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Ada_(Bodrum)" title="Kara Ada (Bodrum)">Kara Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpathos" title="Karpathos">Karpathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasos" title="Kasos">Kasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinaros" title="Kinaros">Kinaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Tav%C5%9Fan_Adas%C4%B1" title="Küçük Tavşan Adası">Küçük Tavşan Adası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipsoi" title="Leipsoi">Leipsoi</a> (Lipsi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leros" title="Leros">Leros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitha" title="Levitha">Levitha</a> (Lebynthos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimos" title="Nimos">Nimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisyros" title="Nisyros">Nisyros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacheia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacheia (page does not exist)">Pacheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platy_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platy (island) (page does not exist)">Platy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pserimos" title="Pserimos">Pserimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Ada" title="Salih Ada">Salih Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saria_Island" title="Saria Island">Saria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symi" title="Symi">Symi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrna_(island)" title="Syrna (island)">Syrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telendos" title="Telendos">Telendos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilos" title="Tilos">Tilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaforas" title="Zaforas">Zaforas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Aegean_islands" title="North Aegean islands">North Aegean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Efstratios" title="Agios Efstratios">Agios Efstratios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Minas_Island" title="Agios Minas Island">Agios Minas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammouliani" title="Ammouliani">Ammouliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayval%C4%B1k_Islands_Nature_Park" title="Ayvalık Islands Nature Park">Ayvalık Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Ada" title="Büyük Ada">Büyük Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryse_(island)" title="Chryse (island)">Chryse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunda_Island" title="Cunda Island">Cunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a_Islands" title="Foça Islands">Foça Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournoi_Korseon" title="Fournoi Korseon">Fournoi Korseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icaria" title="Icaria">Icaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbros" title="Imbros">Imbros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koukonesi" title="Koukonesi">Koukonesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalonisi" title="Megalonisi">Megalonisi</a> (Nisiopi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelik_Island" title="Metelik Island">Metelik Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oinousses" title="Oinousses">Oinousses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasas,_Oinousses" title="Pasas, Oinousses">Pasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psara" title="Psara">Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiopoula" title="Samiopoula">Samiopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenedos" title="Tenedos">Tenedos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymaina" title="Thymaina">Thymaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzunada" title="Uzunada">Uzunada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zourafa" title="Zourafa">Zourafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saronic_Islands" title="Saronic Islands">Saronic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Georgios_(island)" title="Agios Georgios (island)">Agios Georgios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agistri" title="Agistri">Agistri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokos" title="Dokos">Dokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(island)" title="Hydra (island)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poros" title="Poros">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyttaleia" title="Psyttaleia">Psyttaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamis_Island" title="Salamis Island">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetses" title="Spetses">Spetses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sporades" title="Sporades">Sporades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelfoi_Islets" title="Adelfoi Islets">Adelfoi Islets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agios_Georgios_Skopelou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agios Georgios Skopelou (page does not exist)">Agios Georgios Skopelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonnisos" title="Alonnisos">Alonnisos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argos_Skiathou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argos Skiathou (page does not exist)">Argos Skiathou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasia_(islet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasia (islet) (page does not exist)">Dasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinia" title="Erinia">Erinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioura" title="Gioura">Gioura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammeza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammeza (page does not exist)">Grammeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyra_Panagia" title="Kyra Panagia">Kyra Panagia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lekhoussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lekhoussa (page does not exist)">Lekhoussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristera" title="Peristera">Peristera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperi_(island)" title="Piperi (island)">Piperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psathoura" title="Psathoura">Psathoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repi" title="Repi">Repi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarakino" title="Sarakino">Sarakino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skandili (page does not exist)">Skandili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skantzoura" title="Skantzoura">Skantzoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiathos" title="Skiathos">Skiathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopelos" title="Skopelos">Skopelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyropoula" title="Skyropoula">Skyropoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyros" title="Skyros">Skyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsoungria" title="Tsoungria">Tsoungria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaxa" title="Valaxa">Valaxa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece#Cretan_islands_of_the_Aegean_Sea" title="List of islands of Greece">Cretan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afentis_Christos" title="Afentis Christos">Afentis Christos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara_(island)" title="Agia Varvara (island)">Agia Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Apostoloi" title="Agioi Apostoloi">Agioi Apostoloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Pantes_(island)" title="Agioi Pantes (island)">Agioi Pantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Theodoroi_(islands)" title="Agioi Theodoroi (islands)">Agioi Theodoroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Nikolaos_(Chania)" title="Agios Nikolaos (Chania)">Agios Nikolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anavatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anavatis">Anavatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaouti" title="Arnaouti">Arnaouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspros_Volakas" title="Aspros Volakas">Aspros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgo" title="Avgo">Avgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskaleia" title="Daskaleia">Daskaleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dia_(island)" title="Dia (island)">Dia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapori" title="Diapori">Diapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysades" title="Dionysades">Dionysades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasa" title="Elasa">Elasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftena_Trachylia" title="Ftena Trachylia">Ftena Trachylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaronisi" title="Glaronisi">Glaronisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramvousa" title="Gramvousa">Gramvousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandes_(islands)" title="Grandes (islands)">Grandes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalydon (Spinalonga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karavi" title="Karavi">Karavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karga_(island)" title="Karga (island)">Karga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katergo" title="Katergo">Katergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavallos" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavallos">Kavallos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefali" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefali">Kefali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolokytha" title="Kolokytha">Kolokytha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koursaroi" title="Koursaroi">Koursaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriamadi" title="Kyriamadi">Kyriamadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaretta" title="Lazaretta">Lazaretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_(Souda_Bay)" title="Leon (Souda Bay)">Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros" title="Mavros">Mavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavros_Volakas" title="Mavros Volakas">Mavros Volakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megatzedes" title="Megatzedes">Megatzedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochlos" title="Mochlos">Mochlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolos" title="Nikolos">Nikolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiosouda" title="Palaiosouda">Palaiosouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri_(island)" title="Peristeri (island)">Peristeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristerovrachoi" title="Peristerovrachoi">Peristerovrachoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalida" title="Petalida">Petalida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petalouda" title="Petalouda">Petalouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontikaki" title="Pontikaki">Pontikaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontikonisi" title="Pontikonisi">Pontikonisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praso_(Kissamos)" title="Praso (Kissamos)">Praso (Prasonisi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosfora" title="Prosfora">Prosfora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseira" title="Pseira">Pseira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideros" title="Sideros">Sideros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souda_(island)" title="Souda (island)">Souda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenti_rock" title="Valenti rock">Valenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasonisi_(islet)" title="Prasonisi (islet)">Vryonisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antikythera" title="Antikythera">Antikythera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makronisos" title="Makronisos">Makronisos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916136#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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