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For <span class= "ital">Edrei, </span>see <a href="/numbers/21-33.htm" title="And they turned and went up by the way of Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan went out against them, he, and all his people, to the battle at Edrei.">Numbers 21:33</a>, from which this whole verse is repeated.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-2.htm">Deuteronomy 3:2</a></div><div class="verse">And the LORD said unto me, Fear him not: for I will deliver him, and all his people, and his land, into thy hand; and thou shalt do unto him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at Heshbon.</div>(2) <span class= "bld">And the Lord said unto me. . . .</span>—This verse repeats <a href="/numbers/21-34.htm" title="And the LORD said to Moses, Fear him not: for I have delivered him into your hand, and all his people, and his land; and you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelled at Heshbon.">Numbers 21:34</a>.<p><span class= "bld">For I will deliver him</span> should be rather read thus, <span class= "ital">for into thy hand have I delivered him.</span><p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-4.htm">Deuteronomy 3:4</a></div><div class="verse">And we took all his cities at that time, there was not a city which we took not from them, threescore cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.</div>(4, 5) These details are not given in Numbers. Professor Porter, in the <span class= "ital">Griant Cities of Bashan, </span>has well described the impression made upon him by verifying this description in detail. “The whole of Bashan,” he says, “is not larger than an ordinary English county.” That “sixty walled cities, ‘besides unwalled towns a great many,’ should exist in a small province, at such a remote age, far from the sea, with no rivers and little commerce, appeared to be inexplicable. Inexplicable, mysterious though it appeared, it was true. On the spot, with my own eyes, I had now verified it. A list of more than <span class= "ital">one hundred </span>ruined cities and villages, situated in these mountains alone, I had in my hands; and on the spot I had tested it, and found it accurate, though not complete.” Many of the cities in the mountains are not ruins. Rooms, doors, bars are entire to this day. The <span class= "ital">region of </span>Argob is distinctly marked out by its natural boundaries, and well described by the same writer.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-6.htm">Deuteronomy 3:6</a></div><div class="verse">And we utterly destroyed them, as we did unto Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying the men, women, and children, of every city.</div>(6) <span class= "bld">We utterly destroyed them.</span>—Devoted them, made them <span class= "ital">chêrem, </span>as above (<a href="/deuteronomy/2-34.htm" title="And we took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed the men, and the women, and the little ones, of every city, we left none to remain:">Deuteronomy 2:34</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-9.htm">Deuteronomy 3:9</a></div><div class="verse">(<i>Which</i> Hermon the Sidonians call Sirion; and the Amorites call it Shenir;)</div>(9) <span class= "bld">Sirion.</span>—(<span class= "ital">Sion</span>,Deut.448.) Sirion, or Shirion, and Shenir, are thought to have similar meanings. But the Targum inteprets Shenir as the “rock of snow.” Shirion, according to Gesenius, means “glittering like a breastplate.” It would not be safe to assert that the mention of the <span class= "ital">Sidonian </span>name of Hermon makes this verse an addition after Israel was in Palestine, though it might be so. The Jewish commentator Rashi points out that, including the name Sion (<a href="/deuteronomy/4-48.htm" title="From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even to mount Sion, which is Hermon,">Deuteronomy 4:48</a>), “this mountain has four names. Why mention them? To declare the praise of the land of Israel, which had four kingdoms glorifying themselves in it, and each of them saying, ‘It is called after my name!’” But there are several notes of this kind in the Pentateuch. (See <a href="/genesis/23-2.htm" title="And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.">Genesis 23:2</a>; <a href="/genesis/31-47.htm" title="And Laban called it Jegarsahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed.">Genesis 31:47</a>; <a href="/numbers/13-22.htm" title="And they ascended by the south, and came to Hebron; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)">Numbers 13:22</a>; also <a href="/joshua/14-15.htm" title="And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war.">Joshua 14:15</a>.)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-10.htm">Deuteronomy 3:10</a></div><div class="verse">All the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.</div>(10) <span class= "bld">Salchah.</span>—“The present large town <span class= "ital">Salkhâd, </span>east of Bashan” (<span class= "ital">Conder</span>)<span class= "ital">. </span>(See also <span class= "ital">Giant Cities of Bashan, </span>p. 75.)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-11.htm">Deuteronomy 3:11</a></div><div class="verse">For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead <i>was</i> a bedstead of iron; <i>is</i> it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits <i>was</i> the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.</div>(11) <span class= "bld">Of the remnant of giants</span>—i.e., of the nation of Rephaim in these parts. (See Note on <a href="/genesis/14-5.htm" title="And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emins in Shaveh Kiriathaim,">Genesis 14:5</a>.)<p><span class= "bld">His bedstead.</span>—The word may mean either bedstead or coffin. Both the word for “bedstead” and the word for “iron” have given rise to some discussion and difficulty. An iron bedstead and an iron coffin are almost equally improbable. <span class= "ital">Basalt </span>has been suggested as an alternative. But though there is basalt in Argob, there is none in Rabbath-Ammon. Conder, who has recently explored Rabbath, has discovered a remarkable throne of stone on the side of a hill there, and he suggests that the Hebrew word rendered “bedstead,” which properly signifies <span class= "ital">a couch with a canopy, </span>may apply to this. The word for “iron” (b<span class= "ital">arz</span>îl) in Talmudical language means also “<span class= "ital">a prince,” </span>and this meaning has been suggested for the name <span class= "ital">Barzillai, </span>which we find in the same district in later times. “His canopied throne was a princely one, and yet remains in Rabbath of the Ammonites,” would be the meaning of the passage, on this hypothesis. The dimensions of the throne recently discovered are said to be nearly those given in this verse.<p><span class= "bld">After the cubit of a man</span>-<span class= "ital">Ish </span>(not <span class= "ital">adam</span>) the distinctive and emphatic word for a man. Some think that the cubit of <span class= "ital">any man </span>is meant; others that the man himself for whom it was made, <span class= "ital">viz., </span>Og, is intended. (Comp. <a href="/revelation/21-17.htm" title="And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.">Revelation 21:17</a>, “according to the measure of a man—<span class= "ital">i.e., </span>of an angel.”)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-13.htm">Deuteronomy 3:13</a></div><div class="verse">And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, <i>being</i> the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants.</div>(13-17) Comp. <a href="/context/numbers/32-33.htm" title="And Moses gave to them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and to half the tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land, with the cities thereof in the coasts, even the cities of the country round about.">Numbers 32:33-42</a>, and Notes thereon,<p>(13) <span class= "bld">The land of giants</span>—i.e., of Rephaim.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-14.htm">Deuteronomy 3:14</a></div><div class="verse">Jair the son of Manasseh took all the country of Argob unto the coasts of Geshuri and Maachathi; and called them after his own name, Bashanhavothjair, unto this day.</div>(14) <span class= "bld">Jair took . . . unto this day.</span>—The last words of this chapter seem to point to a later hand, as of Joshua, describing the completion of the conquest. The expression “unto this day” is characteristically common in Joshua, or in the editorial notes inserted throughout that book. (See <span class= "ital">Introduction </span>to Joshua, “On the Style of the Book.”)<p><span class= "bld">Geshuri and Maachathi</span>—<span class= "ital">i.e., </span>the Geshurite and the Maachathite, the inhabitants of Geshur and Maachah. “The Maachathites, near the Jordan springs (comp. Abel-Beth-maachah, <a href="/context/2_samuel/20-14.htm" title="And he went through all the tribes of Israel to Abel, and to Bethmaachah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and went also after him.">2Samuel 20:14-15</a>), and the Geshurites, rather farther east” (Conder, <span class= "ital">Bible Handbook, </span>p. 254). Talmai, king of Geshur, was the grandfather of Absalom (<a href="/2_samuel/3-3.htm" title="And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;">2Samuel 3:3</a>), who took refuge with him after he killed Ammon (<a href="/2_samuel/13-37.htm" title="But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai, the son of Ammihud, king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day.">2Samuel 13:37</a>). “Argob, Trachonitis, or El-Lejja, has been an asylum for all malefactors and refugees ever since” (<span class= "ital">Giant Cities of Bashan, </span>p. 92).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-16.htm">Deuteronomy 3:16</a></div><div class="verse">And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the river Arnon half the valley, and the border even unto the river Jabbok, <i>which is</i> the border of the children of Ammon;</div>(16, 17) <span class= "bld">And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave.</span>—The circumstances are detailed in Numbers 32. They desired the land for their cattle.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-18.htm">Deuteronomy 3:18</a></div><div class="verse">And I commanded you at that time, saying, The LORD your God hath given you this land to possess it: ye shall pass over armed before your brethren the children of Israel, all <i>that are</i> meet for the war.</div>(18, 19) This is a summary of the agreement made and described in <a href="/numbers/32-20.htm" title="And Moses said to them, If you will do this thing, if you will go armed before the LORD to war,">Numbers 32:20</a>—-32. (See also Note on <a href="/joshua/1-12.htm" title="And to the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to half the tribe of Manasseh, spoke Joshua, saying,">Joshua 1:12</a>.)<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-21.htm">Deuteronomy 3:21</a></div><div class="verse">And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, Thine eyes have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto these two kings: so shall the LORD do unto all the kingdoms whither thou passest.</div>(21, 22) <span class= "bld">I commanded Joshua at that time. . . . Thine eyes have seen.</span>—“Thine eyes are the witnesses of all,” &c. The conquest of Sihon and Og, as well as that of Amalek, was to be impressed upon Joshua (comp. <a href="/exodus/17-14.htm" title="And the LORD said to Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.">Exodus 17:14</a>) as a precedent for his encouragement, and also for his instruction. It is remarkable that no details are given us of the battles against Sihon and Og, or of the capture of the cities, except in <a href="/joshua/12-6.htm" title="Them did Moses the servant of the LORD and the children of Israel smite: and Moses the servant of the LORD gave it for a possession to the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.">Joshua 12:6</a>, “Them did Moses the servant of the Lord smite.” We see the reflection of Moses’ campaign, which is unwritten, in the recorded campaigns of Joshua. The peculiar form of the sentence, “<span class= "ital">Thine </span>eyes are they that see,” may also serve to remind us of the fact, that though the Law was given by Moses, no eye saw its full breadth and grasp until it came into the hand of Jesus, the antitype of Joshua.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-23.htm">Deuteronomy 3:23</a></div><div class="verse">And I besought the LORD at that time, saying,</div>(23) Here begins the second section according to the Jewish division, called “And I besought” (<span class= "ital">vaeth channân</span>)<span class= "ital">.</span><p>(23-28) <span class= "bld">And I besought the Lord at that time.</span>—Two things Moses is recorded to have asked <span class= "ital">for himself </span>in the story of the exodus. The first is written in <a href="/exodus/33-18.htm" title="And he said, I beseech you, show me your glory.">Exodus 33:18</a>, “I beseech thee shew me thy glory;” the second is before us here. “O Lord GOD (Adonai Jehovah), thou hast begun to shew thy servant thy greatness and thy mighty hand . . . I pray thee let me go over and see the good land beyond Jordan.” It would seem that Moses desired not so much to view the land (which, indeed, was granted him), but to see the greatness of Jehovah manifested in the conquest, as he had seen it in the victories over Og and Sihon. While we cannot allow for a moment that “the old fathers looked only for transitory promises” (see Notes on <a href="/deuteronomy/5-16.htm" title="Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God has commanded you; that your days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with you, in the land which the LORD your God gives you.">Deuteronomy 5:16</a>; <a href="/deuteronomy/22-7.htm" title="But you shall in any wise let the dam go, and take the young to you; that it may be well with you, and that you may prolong your days.">Deuteronomy 22:7</a>), yet it is impossible not to feel in this prayer of Moses the pressure of the veil which hung over the unseen world before <span class= "ital">the </span>coming of our Saviour, who “brought life and immortality to light through the Gospel.” Moses evidently did not realise that he might see the works of Jehovah and His glory still more clearly in the other world.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-26.htm">Deuteronomy 3:26</a></div><div class="verse">But the LORD was wroth with me for your sakes, and would not hear me: and the LORD said unto me, Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter.</div>(26) <span class= "bld">For your sakes.</span>—Because “I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all the people I will be glorified” (<a href="/leviticus/10-3.htm" title="Then Moses said to Aaron, This is it that the LORD spoke, saying, I will be sanctified in them that come near me, and before all the people I will be glorified. And Aaron held his peace.">Leviticus 10:3</a>; <a href="/context/numbers/20-12.htm" title="And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, Because you believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them.">Numbers 20:12-13</a>); And also because the death of Moses and the succession of Joshua were “for a testimony of things to be spoken after,” a figure of things to come. Moses, like Ezekiel (<a href="/context/deuteronomy/24-15.htm" title="At his day you shall give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down on it; for he is poor, and sets his heart on it: lest he cry against you to the LORD, and it be sin to you.">Deuteronomy 24:15-22</a>), was made a sign.<p>(26) <span class= "bld">Let it suffice thee.</span>—Literally, <span class= "ital">enough for thee, </span>or, as it is paraphrased by Rashi from older commontatore, “Far more than this is reserved for thee; plentiful goodness is hidden for thee.” And so indeed it proved. For on some “goodly mountain” (Hermon or “Lebanon,”) Moses and Elias stood with the Saviour of the world, and spake of a far more glorious conquest than Joshua’s, even “His exodus, which He should fulfil at Jerusalem” (St. <a href="/luke/9-31.htm" title="Who appeared in glory, and spoke of his decease which he should accomplish at Jerusalem.">Luke 9:31</a>).<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-27.htm">Deuteronomy 3:27</a></div><div class="verse">Get thee up into the top of Pisgah, and lift up thine eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and behold <i>it</i> with thine eyes: for thou shalt not go over this Jordan.</div>(27) <span class= "bld">Northward, and southward.</span>—Southward, literally, <span class= "ital">Teman-ward. </span>The <span class= "ital">negeb, </span>or “south” of Palestine, is not named here.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-28.htm">Deuteronomy 3:28</a></div><div class="verse">But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him: for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.</div>(28) <span class= "bld">For he shall go over.</span>—Emphatic, <span class= "ital">he it is that shall go over, and he it is that shall make them to inherit; </span>not Moses.<p> <div class="versenum"><a href="/deuteronomy/3-29.htm">Deuteronomy 3:29</a></div><div class="verse">So we abode in the valley over against Bethpeor.</div>(29) <span class= "bld">So we abode in the valley over against Beth-peor.</span>—Moses’ burial-place, as appears by <a href="/deuteronomy/34-6.htm" title="And he buried him in a valley in the land of Moab, over against Bethpeor: but no man knows of his sepulcher to this day.">Deuteronomy 34:6</a>. It is a significant finishing touch to the scene described above. This verse also concludes the recapitulation of Israel’s journey from Horeb (<a href="/deuteronomy/1-6.htm" title="The LORD our God spoke to us in Horeb, saying, You have dwelled long enough in this mount:">Deuteronomy 1:6</a>) to the banks of Jordan, with which this first discourse of Moses begins. The remainder, contained in Deut. Iv., is the practical part of the discourse, which now begins.<p><span class= "bld"><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers<br /><br />Text Courtesy of <a href="//biblesupport.com" target="_top">BibleSupport.com</a>. 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