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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Referendum&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Referendum&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Referendum&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Wys bron van Referendum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Hierdie artikel bestaan slegs in hierdie taal. Voeg die artikel by vir ander tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voeg tale by</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bespreking:Referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy (bladsy bestaan nie) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Referendum"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendum&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>U het toestemming om die bronteks te bekyk en te kopieer. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="af" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">‘n '''Referendum''', '''volkstemming''', of '''plebissiet''' is ‘n metode in die bestuur van ‘n land waarby al die stemgeregtigdes hulle “vir” of “teen” ‘n bepaalde wetsvoorstel kan uitspreek. ==Volksraadpleging== Alle lande se grondwette laat nie ‘n referendum toe nie. Dit bied egter die kieser direkte deelname in die besluitnemingsproses. ‘n Punt van kritiek daarteen is dat dit die gesag van die parlement ondermyn. In ‘n referendum word gewoonlik een spesifieke saak aan die kieser voorgelê en hy kan hom slegs vir of teen die voorstel uitspreek. By ‘n algemene verkiesing stem ‘n kieser op ‘n party of persoon van sy keuse wat dan namens hom besluite kan neem. ‘n Uitslag van ‘n referendum is bloot adviserend. ‘n Regering is egter nie altyd wetlik verplig om die wens van die kieserskorps uit te voer nie. ==Bekendste referendums== Switserland is die land waar die eerste referendum gehou is en dit is ook die land waar dit die meeste gebruik word in besluitneming op regeringsvlak. Sekere state en stede van die [[VSA]], so ook in [[Australië]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Quebec]] en [[Oostenryk]] is goed bekend met die stelsel. Verskeie lande het ‘n referendum gebruik om die mening van die publiek te toets oor die verkoop en verbruik van sterk drank, dus oor die sogenaamde “prohibition”. Na die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] is dit dikwels in [[Duitsland]] gebruik. Die Duitse kiesers het in 1926 besluit dat die adel se eiendomme nie gekonfiskeer moet word nie. In Augustus 1931 het die volk die regering ondersteun in sy maatreëls teen die volgelinge van [[Adolf Hitler]], maar in November 1933 het die volk weer die beleid van die [[Nazi]]-regering goedgekeur. Dit is gevolg deur die referendum van Augustus 1934 wat goedgekeur het dat Hitler beide die poste van kanselier en president van die land beklee. In die [[Saar]]-plebissiet van Januarie 1935 stem die bevolking van die gebied vir heraansluiting by Duitsland. Die Griekse kieserskorps het in November 1935 besluit op die herinstelling van die koning as staatshoof. [[Groot-Brittanje]] het vir die eerste maal in 1975 ‘n referendum gehou toe die kiesers besluit het dat die land by die [[E.E.G.]] moet aansluit. Op 23 Junie 2016 is per referendum op [[Brexit]] besluit. ==Suid-Afrika== Vyf referendums is gehou wat die Suid-Afrikaanse binnelandse politiek geraak het. *10 Junie 1909: die kiesers van die kolonie [[Natal]] moes hulle uitspreek oor die vraag of hul land by die te stigte [[Unie van Suid-Afrika]] moet aansluit. *Op 27 Oktober 1922 het die kiesers in [[Suid-Rhodesië]] na die stembus gegaan en besluit dat hul land nie ‘n vyfde provinsie van die Unie van Suid-Afrika sal wees nie. *5 Oktober 1960 – [[Suid-Afrikaanse referendum van 1960]] *2 November 1983 – [[Suid-Afrikaanse referendum van 1983]] *17 Maart 1992 – [[Suid-Afrikaanse referendum van 1992]] ==Bibliografie== *britannica.com/topic/referendum *commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7692/ {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Politiek]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Sjablone wat op hierdie bladsy gebruik word: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:EditAtWikidata" title="Sjabloon:EditAtWikidata">Sjabloon:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Sjabloon:EditAtWikidata">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Normdata" title="Sjabloon:Normdata">Sjabloon:Normdata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Normdata&action=edit" title="Sjabloon:Normdata">wys bronkode</a>) (half-beskerm)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:EditAtWikidata" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">Module:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Kontroleer_vir_ongeldige_parameters" title="Module:Kontroleer vir ongeldige parameters">Module:Kontroleer vir ongeldige parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Kontroleer_vir_ongeldige_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Kontroleer vir ongeldige parameters">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:No_globals" title="Module:No globals">Module:No globals</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:No_globals&action=edit" title="Module:No globals">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Normdata" title="Module:Normdata">Module:Normdata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Normdata&action=edit" title="Module:Normdata">wysig</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ResolveEntityId" title="Module:ResolveEntityId">Module:ResolveEntityId</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ResolveEntityId&action=edit" title="Module:ResolveEntityId">wysig</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Keer terug na <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Referendum</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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