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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Military operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Military operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Military_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 1980s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_the_Iraq_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Involvement in the Iraq War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_the_Iraq_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-101st_Airborne_Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#101st_Airborne_Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 101st Airborne Division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-101st_Airborne_Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_–_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_–_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_–_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.3 Multi-National Force – Iraq (spring 2007) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.4 Multi-National Force – Iraq (summer and fall 2007) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.5 Multi-National Force – Iraq (spring 2008) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.6 Multi-National Force – Iraq (summer and fall 2008) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Change_of_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Change_of_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.7 Change of command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Change_of_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Central_Command_(fall_2008_to_summer_2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Central_Command_(fall_2008_to_summer_2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 U.S. Central Command (fall 2008 to summer 2010) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Central_Command_(fall_2008_to_summer_2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commander_of_U.S._and_ISAF_forces_in_Afghanistan_(2010–2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commander_of_U.S._and_ISAF_forces_in_Afghanistan_(2010–2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Commander of U.S. and ISAF forces in Afghanistan (2010–2011) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commander_of_U.S._and_ISAF_forces_in_Afghanistan_(2010–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_from_the_U.S._Army_(August_2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_from_the_U.S._Army_(August_2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Retirement from the U.S. Army (August 2011) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Retirement_from_the_U.S._Army_(August_2011)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Retirement from the U.S. Army (August 2011) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Retirement_from_the_U.S._Army_(August_2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Dates of rank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CIA_director_(September_2011_–_November_2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CIA_director_(September_2011_–_November_2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 CIA director (September 2011 – November 2012) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-CIA_director_(September_2011_–_November_2012)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle CIA director (September 2011 – November 2012) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-CIA_director_(September_2011_–_November_2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extramarital_affair,_resignation_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extramarital_affair,_resignation_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Extramarital affair, resignation and criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extramarital_affair,_resignation_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_after_2012_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_after_2012_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Criticism after 2012 scandal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_after_2012_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_charges_and_probation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_charges_and_probation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Criminal charges and probation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_charges_and_probation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities_in_retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities_in_retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Activities in retirement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities_in_retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_State_consideration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_State_consideration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Secretary of State consideration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_State_consideration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaction_to_the_decision_to_withdraw_U.S._forces_from_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_to_the_decision_to_withdraw_U.S._forces_from_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Reaction to the decision to withdraw U.S. forces from Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_to_the_decision_to_withdraw_U.S._forces_from_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Views on the Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Organizational memberships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognitions_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognitions_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Recognitions and honors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recognitions_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Recognitions and honors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Recognitions_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decorations_and_badges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations_and_badges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Decorations and badges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations_and_badges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Civilian awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2007–2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007–2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.1 2007–2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007–2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.2 2011–2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.3 2021–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Additional recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_by_David_Petraeus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_by_David_Petraeus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Works by David Petraeus </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works_by_David_Petraeus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works by David Petraeus subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works_by_David_Petraeus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Speeches,_public_remarks,_interviews,_and_op-eds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speeches,_public_remarks,_interviews,_and_op-eds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Speeches, public remarks, interviews, and op-eds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speeches,_public_remarks,_interviews,_and_op-eds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_and_other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_and_other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Academic and other works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_and_other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_book" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_book"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Published book </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_book-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes and references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">David Petraeus</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" > 41 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ديفيد بتريوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد بتريوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devid_Petreus" title="Devid Petreus – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Devid Petreus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ডেভিড পেট্রিয়াস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেভিড পেট্রিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%83%D1%81" title="Дэвід Петрэус – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэвід Петрэус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%81" title="Дэйвід Пэтрэўс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэйвід Пэтрэўс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Ντέιβιντ Πετρέους – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντέιβιντ Πετρέους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دیوید پترائوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوید پترائوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="데이비드 퍼트레이어스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데이비드 퍼트레이어스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דייוויד פטראוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דייוויד פטראוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="დეივიდ პიტრეიესი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეივიდ პიტრეიესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deivids_Petreuss" title="Deivids Petreuss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deivids Petreuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ديفيد بتريوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديفيد بتريوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9" title="デヴィッド・ペトレイアス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デヴィッド・ペトレイアス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Петреус, Дэвид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Петреус, Дэвид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="David Petraeus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. Army general and public official (born 1952)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Petraeus" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Petraeus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Petraeus (disambiguation)">Petraeus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undisclosed_paid plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-delete" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coin_Icon.svg/50px-Coin_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coin_Icon.svg/75px-Coin_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coin_Icon.svg/100px-Coin_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="75" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments, a violation of Wikipedia's <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use/en">terms of use</a>. 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(October 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">David Petraeus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg/220px-DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg/330px-DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg/440px-DCIA_David_Petraeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2011</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office September 6, 2011 – November 9, 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Morell" title="Michael Morell">Michael Morell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Brennan_(CIA_officer)" title="John Brennan (CIA officer)">John Brennan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commander of the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office July 4, 2010 – July 18, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_A._McChrystal" title="Stanley A. McChrystal">Stanley A. McChrystal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Allen" title="John R. Allen">John R. Allen</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commander of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office October 31, 2008 – June 30, 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Martin Dempsey</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Allen" title="John R. Allen">John R. Allen</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">David Howell Petraeus</div> (1952-11-07) November 7, 1952 (age 72) <a href="/wiki/Cornwall-on-Hudson,_New_York" title="Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York">Cornwall-on-Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (before 2002)<a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (since 2002)<a href="#cite_note-Lunch_with_FT-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Holly_Petraeus" title="Holly Petraeus">Holly Knowlton</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1974)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>) <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">MPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1974–2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> United States Forces-Afghanistan <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multinational Force-Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Combined_Arms_Center" title="United States Army Combined Arms Center">United States Army Combined Arms Center</a> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq">Multinational Security Transition Command-Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> (Air Assault) 1st Brigade, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a> 3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/187th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="187th Infantry Regiment (United States)">187th Infantry Regiment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="SFOR">Stabilisation Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Spring">Operation Desert Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Anbar campaign (2003–2011)">Anbar campaign (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2003)" title="Battle of Karbala (2003)">Battle of Karbala (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Karbala_Gap_(2003)" title="Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)">Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2004)" title="Battle of Mosul (2004)">Battle of Mosul (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shurta_Nasir" title="Operation Shurta Nasir">Operation Shurta Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Thunder" title="Operation Phantom Thunder">Operation Phantom Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Strike" title="Operation Phantom Strike">Operation Phantom Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Phoenix" title="Operation Phantom Phoenix">Operation Phantom Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nineveh_campaign" title="2008 Nineveh campaign">2008 Nineveh campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2008)" title="Battle of Basra (2008)">Battle of Basra (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_al-Qaeda_offensive_in_Iraq" title="2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq">2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wanat" title="Battle of Wanat">Battle of Wanat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Defense Distinguished Service Medal">Defense Distinguished Service Medal</a> (4) <a href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> (3) <a href="/wiki/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal" title="Defense Superior Service Medal">Defense Superior Service Medal</a> (2) <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> (4) <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star</a> with <a href="/wiki/%22V%22_Device" class="mw-redirect" title=""V" Device">valor</a> <a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Meritorious Service Medal</a> <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of Australia">Officer of the Order of Australia</a> (<a href="#Decorations_and_badges">More</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_David_Petraeus_on_the_Differences_of_Counterinsurgency_between_Afghanistan_and_Iraq.ogg" title="File:GEN David Petraeus on the Differences of Counterinsurgency between Afghanistan and Iraq.ogg">David Petraeus's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="233" data-mwtitle="GEN_David_Petraeus_on_the_Differences_of_Counterinsurgency_between_Afghanistan_and_Iraq.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/GEN_David_Petraeus_on_the_Differences_of_Counterinsurgency_between_Afghanistan_and_Iraq.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/GEN_David_Petraeus_on_the_Differences_of_Counterinsurgency_between_Afghanistan_and_Iraq.ogg/GEN_David_Petraeus_on_the_Differences_of_Counterinsurgency_between_Afghanistan_and_Iraq.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">David Petraeus on applying past experiences in Iraq to his position as commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan Recorded June 29, 2010</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> David Howell Petraeus (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/pɪˈtreɪ.əs/</a>; born November 7, 1952) is a retired <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a> and public official. He served as <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a> from September 6, 2011,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> until his resignation on November 9, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Prior to his assuming the directorship of the CIA, Petraeus served 37 years in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. His last assignments in the Army were as commander of the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF) and commander, U.S. Forces – Afghanistan (USFOR-A) from July 4, 2010, to July 18, 2011. His other <a href="/wiki/4_star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="4 star rank">four-star</a> assignments include serving as the 10th commander, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">U.S. Central Command</a> (USCENTCOM) from October 13, 2008, to June 30, 2010, and as commanding general, <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational Force Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a> (MNF-I) from February 10, 2007, to September 16, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Change_in_command-5">[5]</a> As commander of MNF-I, Petraeus oversaw all coalition forces in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Petraeus was the <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">General George C. Marshall</a> Award winner as the top graduate of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Command and General Staff College">U.S. Army Command and General Staff College</a> class of 1983.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He later served as assistant professor of international relations at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> and also completed a fellowship at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Since 2022, he has taught courses in <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> as a Kissinger Senior Fellow of the university's <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Institute_for_Global_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Institute for Global Affairs">Jackson Institute for Global Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Petraeus has repeatedly stated that he has no plans to run for elected political office.<a href="#cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-13">[13]</a> On June 23, 2010, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> nominated Petraeus to succeed General <a href="/wiki/Stanley_McChrystal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley McChrystal">Stanley McChrystal</a> as commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>, technically a step down from his position as Commander of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a>, which oversees the military efforts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> On June 30, 2011, Petraeus was unanimously confirmed as the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">director of the CIA</a> by the U.S. Senate 94–0.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Petraeus relinquished command of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan on July 18, 2011, and retired from the U.S. Army on August 31, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> On November 9, 2012, he resigned from his position as director of the CIA, citing his extramarital affair with his biographer <a href="/wiki/Paula_Broadwell" title="Paula Broadwell">Paula Broadwell</a>, which was reportedly discovered in the course of an FBI investigation.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In January 2015, officials reported the FBI and Justice Department prosecutors had recommended bringing felony charges against Petraeus for allegedly providing classified information to Broadwell while serving as director of the CIA.<a href="#cite_note-https-21">[21]</a> Eventually, Petraeus pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of mishandling classified information.<a href="#cite_note-Mar_3_2015-22">[22]</a> He was later sentenced to two years of probation and fined $100,000 for the unauthorized removal and retention of classified material he gave to Broadwell.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family">edit</a>]</div> Petraeus was born in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall-on-Hudson,_New_York" title="Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York">Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York</a>, the son of Miriam Sweet (née Howell; 1912–1991),<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> a librarian, and Sixtus Petraeus (1915–2008),<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> a sea captain. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> merchant mariner who emigrated to the United States at the start of World War II,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> from <a href="/wiki/Franeker" title="Franeker">Franeker</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-obit1-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and his mother was American, a resident of Brooklyn, New York.<a href="#cite_note-wapo4-29">[29]</a> They met at the <a href="/wiki/Seamen%27s_Church_Institute_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Seamen's Church Institute of New York and New Jersey">Seamen's Church Institute of New York and New Jersey</a> and married. Sixtus Petraeus commanded a <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a> for the U.S. for the duration of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-wapo4-29">[29]</a> The family moved after the war, settling in Cornwall-on-Hudson, where David Petraeus grew up and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Central_High_School" title="Cornwall Central High School">Cornwall Central High School</a> in 1970. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-David_and_Stephen_Petraeus_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus with his son Stephen in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, 2010</figcaption></figure> Petraeus went on to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point</a>. Petraeus was on the intercollegiate soccer and ski teams, was a cadet captain on the brigade staff, and was a "distinguished cadet" academically, graduating in the top 5% of the Class of 1974 (ranked 40th overall). In the class yearbook, Petraeus was remembered as "always going for it in sports, academics, leadership, and even his social life."<a href="#cite_note-early_bio-30">[30]</a> While a cadet, Petraeus started dating the daughter of Army General <a href="/wiki/William_A._Knowlton" title="William A. Knowlton">William A. Knowlton</a> (the West Point superintendent at the time), <a href="/wiki/Holly_Petraeus" title="Holly Petraeus">Holly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Two months after Petraeus graduated, they married.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Holly, who is multi-lingual, was a <a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Scholarship_Program" title="National Merit Scholarship Program">National Merit Scholar</a> in high school, and graduated <a href="/wiki/Summa_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa cum laude">summa cum laude</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a>. They have a daughter and son, Anne and Stephen. Petraeus administered the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Uniformed_Services_Oath_of_Office" title="United States Uniformed Services Oath of Office">oath of office</a> at his son's 2009 commissioning into the Army after his son's graduation from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> His son went on to serve as an officer in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> as a member of 3rd Platoon, Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/503rd_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="503rd Infantry Regiment">503rd Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/173rd_Airborne_Brigade_Combat_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team">173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Petraeus's official residence in the United States is a small property in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_New_Hampshire" title="Springfield, New Hampshire">Springfield, New Hampshire</a>, which his wife inherited from her family.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Petraeus once told a friend that he was a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republican" title="Rockefeller Republican">Rockefeller Republican</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_academia">Education and academia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and academia">edit</a>]</div> Petraeus graduated from <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a> in 1974, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Military_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Science">Military Science</a>. He earned the General <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a> Award as the top graduate of the <a href="/wiki/Command_and_General_Staff_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and General Staff College">U.S. Army Command and General Staff College</a> Class of 1983 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. He subsequently earned an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">M.P.A.</a> degree in 1985 and a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> in 1987 from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a>, where he was mentored by Richard H. Ullman.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> At that time, he also served as an assistant professor of international relations at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">U.S. Military Academy</a> from 1985 to 1987. His doctoral dissertation was titled "The American Military and the Lessons of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>: A Study of Military Influence and the Use of Force in the Post-Vietnam Era".<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> He completed a military fellowship at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Edmund_A._Walsh_School_of_Foreign_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service">Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service</a> in 1994–1995,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> although he was called away early to serve in Haiti as the Chief of Operations for NATO there in early 1995.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] From late 2005 through February 2007,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Petraeus served as commanding general of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, Kansas, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Combined_Arms_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Combined Arms Center">U.S. Army Combined Arms Center</a> (CAC) located there. As commander of CAC, Petraeus was responsible for oversight of the <a href="/wiki/Command_and_General_Staff_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and General Staff College">Command and General Staff College</a> and seventeen other schools, centers, and training programs as well as for developing the Army's doctrinal manuals, training the Army's officers, and supervising the Army's center for the collection and dissemination of lessons learned. During his time at CAC, Petraeus and Marine <a href="/wiki/James_F._Amos" title="James F. Amos">Lt. Gen. James F. Amos</a> jointly oversaw the publication of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Field_Manuals" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Field Manuals">Field Manual</a> 3–24, Counterinsurgency, the body of which was written by an extraordinarily diverse group of military officers, academics, human rights advocates, and journalists who had been assembled by Petraeus and Amos.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> At both Fort Leavenworth and throughout the military's schools and training programs, Petraeus integrated the study of counterinsurgency into lesson plans and training exercises. In recognition of the fact that soldiers in Iraq often performed duties far different from those for which they trained, Petraeus stressed the importance of teaching soldiers how to think and how to fight, and the need to foster flexibility and adaptability in leaders.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Petraeus called this change the most significant part of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">The Surge</a>, saying in 2016, "the surge that mattered most was the surge of ideas. It was the change of strategy, and in many respects, this represented quite a significant change to what it was we were doing before the surge."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Petraeus has been called "the world's leading expert in counter-insurgency warfare".<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Later, having refined his ideas on counterinsurgency based on the implementation of the new <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a> doctrine in Iraq, he published both in Iraq as well as in the Sep/Oct 2008 edition of <a href="/wiki/Military_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Review">Military Review</a> his "Commander's Counterinsurgency Guidance" to help guide leaders and units in the Multi-National Force-Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_operations">Military operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military operations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg/220px-GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg/330px-GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg/440px-GEN_Petraeus_Aug_2011_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Army Gen. David H. Petraeus, during his time in the Army</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1970s">edit</a>]</div> Upon his graduation from West Point in 1974, Petraeus was commissioned an infantry officer. After completing <a href="/wiki/Ranger_School" title="Ranger School">Ranger School</a> (Distinguished Honor Graduate and other honors), Petraeus was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/509th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="509th Infantry Regiment (United States)">509th Airborne Battalion Combat Team</a>, a light infantry unit stationed in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, Italy.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Ever since, <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> has been at the core of his career, punctuated by assignments to <a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">mechanized units</a>, unit commands, staff assignments, and educational institutions. After leaving the 509th as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._first_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. first lieutenant">first lieutenant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Petraeus began a brief association with mechanized units when he became assistant operations officer on the staff of the 2nd Brigade, <a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Division (United States)">24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Stewart" title="Fort Stewart">Fort Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. In 1979, he assumed command of a <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">company</a> in the same division: A Company, 2nd Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized), and then served as that battalion's operations officer, a major's position that he held as a junior captain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1980s">edit</a>]</div> In 1981, Petraeus became <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a> to <a href="/wiki/John_Galvin_(general)" title="John Galvin (general)">General John Galvin</a>, then commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(Mechanized)" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)">24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPR_20070123-51">[51]</a> He spent the next few years furthering his military and civilian education, including spending 1982–83 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, attending the Command and General Staff College. At graduation in 1983, he was the General George C. Marshall Award winner as the top graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. From 1983 to 1985, he was at Princeton; and 1985–87 at West Point. After earning his Ph.D. and teaching at West Point, Petraeus continued up the rungs of the command ladder, serving as military assistant to Gen. <a href="/wiki/John_Galvin_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Galvin (soldier)">John Galvin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Allied Commander in Europe</a>. From there, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Infantry Division (United States)">3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized)</a>. During 1988–1989, he served as operations officer to the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized)'s <a href="/wiki/30th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="30th Infantry Regiment (United States)">30th Infantry Regiment</a>. He was then posted as an aide and assistant executive officer to the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, General <a href="/wiki/Carl_Vuono" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Vuono">Carl Vuono</a>, in Washington, D.C. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1990s">edit</a>]</div> Upon promotion to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a>, Petraeus moved from the office of the chief of staff to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Campbell" title="Fort Campbell">Fort Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, where he commanded the <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)</a>'s 3rd Battalion <a href="/wiki/187th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="187th Infantry Regiment (United States)">187th Infantry Regiment</a>, known as the "Iron Rakkasans",[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] from 1991 to 1993. During this period, he suffered one of the more dramatic incidents in his career; in 1991 he was accidentally shot in the chest with an <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M-16</a> rifle during a <a href="/wiki/Live-fire_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-fire exercise">live-fire exercise</a> when a soldier tripped and his rifle discharged.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> He was taken to <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University_Medical_Center" title="Vanderbilt University Medical Center">Vanderbilt University Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, where he was operated on by future <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Bill Frist</a>. The hospital released him early after he did fifty <a href="/wiki/Push-up" title="Push-up">push-ups</a> without resting, just a few days after the accident.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> During 1993–94, Petraeus continued his long association with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) as the division's assistant chief of staff, G-3 (plans, operations, and training) and installation director of plans, training, and mobilization (DPTM). In 1995, he was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Mission in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> Military Staff as its chief operations officer during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a>. His next command, from 1995 to 1997, was the 1st Brigade, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a>, centered on the <a href="/wiki/504th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="504th Infantry Regiment (United States)">504th Parachute Infantry Regiment</a>. At that post, his brigade's training cycle at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Polk" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Polk">Fort Polk's Joint Readiness Training Center</a> for low-intensity warfare was chronicled by novelist and military enthusiast <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy" title="Tom Clancy">Tom Clancy</a> in his book Airborne.<a href="#cite_note-An_Open_Mind_for_a_New_Army-55">[55]</a> From 1997 to 1999, Petraeus served in <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> as executive assistant to the director of the Joint Staff and then to the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs</a>, Gen. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Shelton" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Shelton">Henry Shelton</a>, who described Petraeus as "a high-energy individual who likes to lead from the front, in any field, he is going into."<a href="#cite_note-An_Open_Mind_for_a_New_Army-55">[55]</a> In 1999, as a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a>, Petraeus returned to the 82nd, serving as the assistant division commander for operations and then, briefly, as acting commanding general. During his time with the 82nd, he deployed to <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Spring">Operation Desert Spring</a>, the continuous rotation of combat forces through Kuwait during the decade after the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000s">edit</a>]</div> From the 82nd, he moved on to serve as chief of staff of <a href="/wiki/XVIII_Airborne_Corps" title="XVIII Airborne Corps">XVIII Airborne Corps</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Bragg, North Carolina">Fort Bragg</a> during 2000–2001. In 2000, Petraeus suffered his second major injury, when, during a civilian <a href="/wiki/Skydiving" class="mw-redirect" title="Skydiving">skydiving</a> jump, his parachute collapsed at low altitude due to a hook turn, resulting in a hard landing that broke his pelvis. He was selected for promotion to <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">major general</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> During 2001–2002, as a brigadier general, Petraeus served a ten-month tour in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Joint_Forge" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Joint Forge">Operation Joint Forge</a>. In Bosnia, he was the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/SFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="SFOR">Stabilization Force</a> assistant chief of staff for operations as well as the deputy commander of the U.S. Joint Interagency Counter-Terrorism Task Force, a command created after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> to add counterterrorism capability to the U.S. forces attached to the NATO command in Bosnia. In 2004, he was promoted to lieutenant general.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In 2007, he was promoted to General.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On April 23, 2008, Secretary of Defense Gates announced that President Bush was nominating General Petraeus to command <a href="/wiki/U.S._Central_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Central Command">U.S. Central Command</a> (USCENTCOM), headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a>, Florida. In 2010, Petraeus was nominated to command the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, which required <a href="/wiki/List_of_positions_filled_by_presidential_appointment_with_Senate_confirmation" title="List of positions filled by presidential appointment with Senate confirmation">Senate confirmation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> He was confirmed on June 30, 2010,<a href="#cite_note-petraeus_confirmed_IT-60">[60]</a> and took over command from temporary commander <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-General (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Nick_Parker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Nick Parker">Sir Nick Parker</a> on July 4, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-assume_command-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involvement_in_the_Iraq_War">Involvement in the Iraq War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Involvement in the Iraq War">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="101st_Airborne_Division">101st Airborne Division</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 101st Airborne Division">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg/170px-Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg/255px-Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg/340px-Petraeus_and_Lieutenant_General_William_S._Wallace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2805" /></a><figcaption>Maj. Gen. David H. Petraeus (right), commanding general, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), looks on as Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_S._Wallace" title="William S. Wallace">William S. Wallace</a>, V Corps commanding general speaks to soldiers, March 21, 2003, Kuwait.</figcaption></figure> In 2003, Petraeus, then a major general, saw combat for the first time when he commanded the 101st Airborne Division during <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps's</a> drive to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. In a campaign chronicled in detail by <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning author <a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Rick Atkinson</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> in the book In the Company of Soldiers, Petraeus led his division through fierce fighting south of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Hillah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Hillah">Hilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 invasion of Baghdad">fall of Baghdad</a>, the division conducted the longest <a href="/wiki/Military_helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Military helicopters">heliborne assault</a> on record in order to reach <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh Governorate</a>, where it would spend much of 2003. The 1st Brigade was responsible for the area <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">south of Mosul</a>, the 2nd Brigade for the city itself, and the 3rd Brigade for the region stretching toward the <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> border. An often-repeated story of Petraeus's time with the 101st is his asking of <a href="/wiki/Embedded_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded journalist">embedded</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Reporter">reporter</a> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Rick Atkinson</a> to "Tell me how this ends",<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> an anecdote he and other journalists have used to portray Petraeus as an early recognizer of the difficulties that would follow the fall of Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-NPR_20070123-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, a city of nearly two million people, Petraeus and the 101st employed classic counterinsurgency methods to build security and stability, including conducting targeted kinetic operations and using force judiciously, jump-starting the economy, building local security forces, staging elections for the city council within weeks of their arrival, overseeing a program of <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a>, reinvigorating the political process,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> and launching 4,500 <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction of Iraq">reconstruction projects in Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> This approach can be attributed to Petraeus, who had been steeped in nation-building during his previous tours in nations such as Bosnia and Haiti and thus approached nation-building as a central military mission and who was "prepared to act while the civilian authority in Baghdad was still getting organized", according to Michael Gordon of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Some Iraqis gave Petraeus the nickname '<a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a>',<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> which was later adopted by some of his colleagues.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> stated that "It's widely accepted that no force worked harder to win Iraqi hearts and minds than the 101st Airborne Division led by Petraeus."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg/220px-101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg/330px-101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg/440px-101st_Airborne_Division_-_Iraq_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus on patrol in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> with Gen. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Schoomaker" title="Peter Schoomaker">Peter J. Schoomaker</a>, 2003</figcaption></figure> One of the General's major <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a> was the restoration and re-opening of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mosul" title="University of Mosul">University of Mosul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Learning_Counterinsurgency-79">[79]</a> Petraeus strongly supported the use of commanders' discretionary funds for public works, telling <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Administrator_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian Administrator of Iraq">director</a> <a href="/wiki/L._Paul_Bremer" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Paul Bremer">L. Paul Bremer</a> "Money is ammunition" during the director's first visit to <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Petraeus's often repeated<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a> was later incorporated into official military briefings<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and was also eventually incorporated into the U.S. Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual drafted with Petraeus's oversight.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Award of the Bronze Star Medal with V Device awarded to Petraeus for actions in combat leading the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division during Iraqi Freedom, awarded May 2003." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg/220px-PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg/330px-PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg/440px-PetraeusBSM_VDevice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3299" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus's Bronze Star Medal with V Device for actions in combat leading the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division during Operation Iraqi Freedom, May 2003</figcaption></figure> In February 2004, the 101st was replaced in Mosul by a portion of I Corps headquarters, but operational forces consisted solely of a unit roughly one quarter its size—a <a href="/wiki/Stryker" title="Stryker">Stryker</a> brigade. The following summer, the governor of Nineveh Province, <a href="/wiki/Osama_Youssef_Kashmoula" title="Osama Youssef Kashmoula">Osama Youssef Kashmoula</a>,<a href="#cite_note-iraqbodycount-86">[86]</a> was assassinated, and most of the Sunni Arab Provincial Council members walked out in the ensuing selection of the new governor, leaving Kurdish members in charge of a predominantly Sunni Arab province. Later that year, the local police commander defected to the Kurdish Minister of Interior in Irbil after repeated assassination attempts against him, attacks on his house, and the kidnapping of his sister. The largely <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> police collapsed under insurgent attacks launched at the same time Coalition Forces attacked <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a> in November 2004. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf/page1-220px-Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf/page1-330px-Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf/page1-440px-Petraeus_Combat_Action_Badge_Orders.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Orders awarding the Combat Action Badge to then LTG David H. Petraeus for actions in combat during Iraqi Freedom</figcaption></figure> There are differing explanations for the apparent collapse of the police force in Mosul. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> quoted an anonymous U.S. diplomat saying, "Mosul basically collapsed after he [Petraeus] left." Former diplomat <a href="/wiki/Peter_Galbraith" title="Peter Galbraith">Peter Galbraith</a> criticized Petraeus's command of the 101st, saying his achievements had been exaggerated and his reputation inflated. He wrote for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a> that "Petraeus ignored warnings from America's Kurdish allies that he was appointing the wrong people to key positions in Mosul's local government and police."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On the other hand, in the book Fiasco, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> reporter Tom Ricks wrote that "Mosul was quiet while he (Petraeus) was there, and likely would have remained so had his successor had as many troops as he had—and as much understanding of counterinsurgency techniques." Ricks went on to say that "the population-oriented approach Petraeus took in Mosul in 2003 would be the one the entire U.S. Army in Iraq was trying to adopt in 2006."<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Joe_Klein_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Klein (journalist)">Joe Klein</a> largely agreed with Ricks, writing that the <a href="/wiki/Stryker" title="Stryker">Stryker</a> brigade that replaced the 101st "didn't do any of the local governance that Petraeus had done." Moving away from counterinsurgency principles, "they were occupiers, not builders".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reporter Michael Gordon and retired General Bernard Trainor echoed Ricks and Klein, including in their book Cobra II a quote that Petraeus "did it right and won over Mosul."<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_–_Iraq">Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq">edit</a>]</div> In June 2004, less than six months after the 101st returned to the U.S., Petraeus was promoted to lieutenant general and became the first commander of the <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_-_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq">Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq</a>. This newly created command had responsibility for training, equipping, and mentoring Iraq's growing army, police, and other security forces, as well as developing Iraq's security institutions and building associated infrastructure, such as training bases, police stations, and border forts.<a href="#cite_note-Ajami,_Faoud_2006_pp._295-91">[91]</a> During Petraeus's fifteen months at the helm of MNSTC-I, he stood up a three-star command virtually from scratch and in the midst of serious fighting in places like Fallujah, Mosul, and Najaf. By the end of his command, some 100,000 Iraqi Security Forces had been trained; Iraqi Army and Police were being employed in combat; countless reconstruction projects had been executed; and hundreds of thousands of weapons, body armor, and other equipment had been distributed in what was described as the "largest military procurement and distribution effort since World War II", at a cost of over $11 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Ajami,_Faoud_2006_pp._295-91">[91]</a> In September 2004, Petraeus wrote an article for <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> in which he described the tangible progress being made in building Iraq's security forces from the ground up while also noting the many challenges associated with doing so. "Although there have been reverses – not to mention horrific terrorist attacks," Petraeus wrote, "there has been progress in the effort to enable Iraqis to shoulder more of the load for their own security, something they are keen to do."<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Some of the challenges involved in building security forces had to do with accomplishing this task in the midst of a tough insurgency—or, as Petraeus wrote, "making the mission akin to repairing an aircraft while in flight—and while being shot at." Other challenges included allegations of corruption as well as efforts to improve Iraq's supply accountability procedures. For example, according to former <a href="/wiki/Interim_Iraq_Governing_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim Iraq Governing Council">Interim Iraq Governing Council</a> member <a href="/wiki/Ali_A._Allawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali A. Allawi">Ali A. Allawi</a> in The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace, "under the very noses of the security transition command, officials both inside and outside the ministry of defense were planning to embezzle most, if not all, of the procurement budget of the army."<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> stated in August 2007 that <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> had lost track of approximately 30% of weapons supplied to the Iraqi security forces. The <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> said that the weapons distribution was haphazard, rushed, and did not follow established procedures—particularly from 2004 to 2005, when security training was led by Petraeus and Iraq's security forces began to see combat in places like Najaf and Samarra.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Over a hundred thousand <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a> <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a> were delivered to Iraqi forces without full documentation, and some of the missing weapons may have been abducted by <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(Iraq_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)">Iraqi insurgents</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Body_armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Body armour">body armour</a> pieces have also been lost.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> has stated that the military believed "the situation on the ground was so urgent, and the agency responsible for recording the transfers of arms so short-staffed, that field commanders had little choice in the matter."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The Pentagon conducted its own investigation, and accountability was subsequently regained for many of the weapons.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Following his second tour in Iraq, Petraeus authored a widely read article in Military Review, listing fourteen observations he had made during two tours in Iraq, including: do not do too much with your own hands, money is ammunition, increasing the number of stakeholders is critical to success, success in a counterinsurgency requires more than just military operations, ultimate success depends on local leaders, there is no substitute for flexible and adaptable leaders, and, finally, a leader's most important task is to set the right tone.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2007)">Multi-National Force – Iraq (spring 2007)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Multi-National Force – Iraq (spring 2007)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg/220px-GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg/330px-GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg/440px-GEN_Petraeus_Walking_Through_Market_11_March_2007_in_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus walking through a market in Baghdad, March 2007</figcaption></figure> The intervening time between the Iraq commands was spent at Fort Leavenworth, where Petraeus further developed his military doctrine and pursued an important White House contact in <a href="/wiki/Meghan_O%27Sullivan" title="Meghan O'Sullivan">Meghan O'Sullivan</a> who was the principal adviser to the president on the war.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In January 2007, as part of his overhauled Iraq strategy, President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> announced that Petraeus would succeed Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_William_Casey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George William Casey Jr.">George Casey</a> as commanding general of MNF-I to lead all U.S. troops in Iraq. In his memoirs, President Bush likened his selection of Petraeus to the elevations of other great generals of American history, writing, "Lincoln discovered Generals Grant and Sherman. Roosevelt had Eisenhower and Bradley. I found David Petraeus and Ray Odierno."<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On January 23, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> held Petraeus's nomination hearing, during which he testified on his ideas for Iraq, particularly the strategy underpinning the "<a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">surge</a>" of forces. During his opening statement, Petraeus stated that "security of the population, especially in Baghdad, and in partnership with the Iraqi Security Forces, will be the focus of the military effort." He went on to state that security would require establishing a persistent presence, especially in Iraq's most threatened neighborhoods. He also noted the critical importance of helping Iraq increase its governmental capacity, develop employment programs, and improve daily life for its citizens.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Throughout Petraeus's tenure in Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force-Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-National Force-Iraq">Multi-National Force-Iraq</a> endeavored to work with the <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Government of Iraq</a> to carry out this strategy that focused on securing the population. Doing so required establishing—and maintaining—persistent presence by living among the population, separating reconcilable Iraqis from irreconcilable enemies, relentlessly pursuing the enemy, taking back sanctuaries and then holding areas that had been cleared, and continuing to develop Iraq's security forces and to support local security forces, often called <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Sons of Iraq</a>, and integrate them into the Iraqi Army and Police and other employment programs.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The strategy underpinning the "surge" of forces, as well as the ideas Petraeus included in U.S. Army Field Manual 3–24, Counterinsurgency, have been referred to by some journalists and politicians as the "Petraeus Doctrine", although the surge itself was proposed a few months before Petraeus took command. Despite the misgivings of most Democratic and a few Republican senators over the proposed implementation of the "Petraeus Doctrine" in Iraq, specifically regarding the troop surge, Petraeus was unanimously confirmed as a four-star general and MNF-I commander on January 27.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Before leaving for Iraq, Petraeus recruited a number of highly educated military officers, nicknamed "Petraeus guys" or "designated thinkers", to advise him as commander, including Col. Mike Meese, head of the Social Sciences Department at West Point and Col. <a href="/wiki/H.R._McMaster" class="mw-redirect" title="H.R. McMaster">H.R. McMaster</a>, famous for his leadership at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_73_Easting" title="Battle of 73 Easting">Battle of 73 Easting</a> in the Gulf War and in the pacification of <a href="/wiki/Tal_Afar" title="Tal Afar">Tal Afar</a> more recently, as well as for his doctoral dissertation on Vietnam-era civil-military relations titled <a href="/wiki/Dereliction_of_Duty_(1998_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dereliction of Duty (1998 book)">Dereliction of Duty</a>. While most of Petraeus's closest advisers were American military officers, he also hired Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/David_Kilcullen" title="David Kilcullen">David Kilcullen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>, who was working for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Kilcullen upon his return from Iraq published The Accidental Guerrilla,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> and has discussed the central front of the war and lessons learned in Iraq in The Washington Post.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg/220px-David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg/330px-David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg/440px-David_H._Petraeus_press_briefing_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Army Gen. David H. Petraeus, the commander of <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a>, briefs reporters at the Pentagon April 26, 2007, on his view of the current military situation in Iraq.</figcaption></figure> After taking command of MNF-I on February 10, 2007, Petraeus inspected U.S. and Iraqi units all over Iraq, visiting outposts in greater <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baqubah" title="Baqubah">Baquba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayji" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayji">Bayji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Basrah">Basrah</a> and as far west as al-Hit and Al Qaim. In April 2007, Petraeus made his first visit to Washington as MNF-I Commander, reporting to President Bush and Congress on the progress of the "surge" and the overall situation in Iraq. During this visit he met privately with members of Congress and reportedly argued against setting a timetable for U.S. troop withdrawal from Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Senate_Iraq-112">[112]</a> By late May 2007, Congress had not imposed any timetables in war funding legislation for troop withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The enacted legislation did mandate that Petraeus and the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Crocker" title="Ryan Crocker">Ryan Crocker</a>, deliver a report to Congress by September 15, 2007, detailing their assessment of the military, economic and political situation of Iraq. In June 2007, Petraeus stated in an interview that there were "astonishing signs of normalcy" in Baghdad, and this comment drew criticism from Senate majority leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a>. In the same interview, however, Petraeus stated that "many problems remain" and he noted the need to help the Iraqis "stitch back together the fabric of society that was torn during the height of sectarian violence" in late 2006.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Petraeus also warned that he expected that the situation in Iraq would require the continued deployment of the elevated troop level of more than 150,000 beyond September 2007; he also stated that U.S. involvement in Iraq could last years afterward.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> These statements are representative of the fact that throughout their time in Iraq, Petraeus and Crocker remained circumspect and refused to classify themselves as optimists or pessimists, noting, instead, that they were realists and that the reality in Iraq was very hard. They also repeatedly emphasized the importance of forthright reports and an unvarnished approach.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Indeed, Petraeus's realistic approach and assessments were lauded during the McLaughlin Group's 2008 Year-End Awards, when <a href="/wiki/Monica_Crowley" title="Monica Crowley">Monica Crowley</a> nominated Petraeus for the most honest person of the year, stating, "[H]e spoke about the great successes of the surge in Iraq, but he always tempered it, never sugar-coated it."<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2007)">Multi-National Force – Iraq (summer and fall 2007)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Multi-National Force – Iraq (summer and fall 2007)">edit</a>]</div> In July 2007, the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> submitted to Congress the <a href="/wiki/Initial_Benchmark_Assessment_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Initial Benchmark Assessment Report">interim report on Iraq</a>, which stated that coalition forces had made satisfactory progress on 6 of 18 benchmarks set by Congress. On September 7, 2007, in a letter addressed to the troops he was commanding, Petraeus wrote that much military progress had been made, but that the national-level political progress that was hoped for had not been achieved.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Petraeus's <a href="/wiki/Report_to_Congress_on_the_Situation_in_Iraq" title="Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq">Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq</a> was delivered to Congress on September 10, 2007. On August 15, 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> had stated that, according to <a href="/wiki/Journalism_sourcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalism sourcing">unnamed administration officials</a>, the report "would actually be written by the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Administration">White House</a>, with inputs from officials throughout the government."<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> However, Petraeus declared in his testimony to Congress that "I wrote this testimony myself." He further elaborated that his testimony to Congress "has not been cleared by, nor shared with, anyone in the Pentagon, the White House, or Congress."<a href="#cite_note-auto-121">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush-anbar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bush-anbar.jpg/220px-Bush-anbar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bush-anbar.jpg/330px-Bush-anbar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bush-anbar.jpg/440px-Bush-anbar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>GEN Petraeus with LTG <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Odierno" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Odierno">Odierno</a> (left), President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a> (center), SecDef <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Gates</a>, and SecState <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Rice</a> (right) at <a href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Asad Airbase">Al Asad Airbase</a> in September 2007</figcaption></figure> In his September Congressional testimony, Petraeus stated, "As a bottom line up front, the military objectives of the surge are, in large measure, being met." He cited numerous factors for this progress, to include the fact that Coalition and Iraqi Forces had dealt significant blows to Al-Qaeda Iraq and had disrupted Shia militias, that ethno-sectarian violence had been reduced, and that the tribal rejection of Al-Qaeda had spread from Anbar Province to numerous other locations across Iraq. Based on this progress and additional progress expected to be achieved, Petraeus recommended drawing down the surge forces from Iraq and gradually transitioning increased responsibilities to Iraqi Forces, as their capabilities and conditions on the ground permitted.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> argued Petraeus's "plan is just more of the same" and "is neither a drawdown or a change in mission that we need." Democratic <a href="/wiki/United_States_House" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House">Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wexler" title="Robert Wexler">Robert Wexler</a> of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> accused Petraeus of "<a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking_(fallacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry picking (fallacy)">cherry-picking</a> statistics" and "massaging information".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/House_Foreign_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Foreign Affairs Committee">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lantos" title="Tom Lantos">Tom Lantos</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> called Petraeus and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Iraq">U.S. Ambassador to Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Crocker" title="Ryan Crocker">Ryan Crocker</a> "two of our nation's most capable <a href="/wiki/Public_servants" class="mw-redirect" title="Public servants">public servants</a>" and said Democrats feel "esteem for their <a href="/wiki/Professionalism" title="Professionalism">professionalism</a>." But he also said that "We can no longer take their assertions on Iraq at <a href="/wiki/Face_value" title="Face value">face value</a>"; concluding, "We need to get out of Iraq, for that country's sake as well as our own."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_presidential_candidates,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican presidential candidates, 2008">Presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter" title="Duncan L. Hunter">Duncan Hunter</a> called the report "a candid, independent assessment given with integrity."<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Republican senator <a href="/wiki/Jon_Kyl" title="Jon Kyl">Jon Kyl</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> stated, "I commend General Petraeus for his honest and forthright assessment of the situation in Iraq."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War#Opposition_in_the_United_States" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">Anti-war</a> Republican senator <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> criticized the report while praising Petraeus, saying "It's not your fault, general. ... It's not <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_to_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador to Iraq">Ambassador</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Crocker" title="Ryan Crocker">Crocker</a>'s fault. It's this administration's fault."<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> A <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup poll</a> taken after Petraeus's report to Congress showed virtually no change in negative public opinion toward the war.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey, however, found that most Americans who had heard about the report approved of Petraeus's recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On September 20, the Senate passed an amendment by Republican <a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn_III" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cornyn III">John Cornyn III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> designed to "strongly condemn personal attacks on the honor and integrity of General Petraeus." Cornyn drafted the amendment in response to a <a href="/wiki/MoveOn.org_ad_controversy" title="MoveOn.org ad controversy">controversial full-page ad</a> by the liberal group <a href="/wiki/Moveon.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Moveon.org">Moveon.org</a> in the September 10, 2007, edition of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. All forty-nine Republican senators and twenty-two Democratic senators voted in support.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The House passed a similar resolution by a 341–79 vote on September 26. In December 2007, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>'s "Fact Checker" stated that "While some of Petraeus's statistics are open to challenge, his claims about a general reduction in violence have been borne out over subsequent months. It now looks as if Petraeus was broadly right on this issue at least."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Based on the conditions on the ground, in October 2007, Petraeus and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Iraq">U.S. Ambassador to Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Crocker" title="Ryan Crocker">Ryan Crocker</a> revised their campaign plan for Iraq. In recognition of the progress made against Al Qaeda Iraq, one of the major points would be "shifting the U.S. military effort to focus more on countering <a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">Shiite militias</a>."<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(spring_2008)">Multi-National Force – Iraq (spring 2008)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Multi-National Force – Iraq (spring 2008)">edit</a>]</div> On February 18, 2008, <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> stated that "the U.S. effort has shown more success" and that, after the number of troops reached its peak in fall 2007, "U.S. deaths were at their lowest levels since the 2003 invasion, civilian casualties were down, and street life was resuming in Baghdad."<a href="#cite_note-USA-133">[133]</a> In light of the significant reduction in violence and as the surge brigades began to redeploy without replacement, Petraeus characterized the progress as tenuous, fragile, and reversible and repeatedly reminded all involved that much work remained to be done.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> During an early February trip to Iraq, Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> endorsed the idea of a period of consolidation and evaluation upon completion of the withdrawal of surge brigades from Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Petraeus and Crocker continued these themes at their two full days of testimony before Congress on April 8 and 9. During his opening statement, Petraeus stated that "there has been significant but uneven security progress in Iraq", while also noting that "the situation in certain areas is still unsatisfactory and that innumerable challenges remain" and that "the progress made since last spring is fragile and reversible." He also recommended a continuation of the drawdown of surge forces as well as a 45-day period of consolidation and evaluation after the final surge brigade had redeployed in late July.<a href="#cite_note-auto-121">[121]</a> Analysts for <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> stated that the hearings "lacked the suspense of last September's debate," but they did include sharp questioning as well as both skepticism and praise from various Congressional leaders.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In late May 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> held nomination hearings for Petraeus and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Lieutenant General Ray Odierno</a> to lead <a href="/wiki/CENTCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CENTCOM">United States Central Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational Force Iraq">Multi-National Force-Iraq</a>, respectively. During the hearings, Committee Chairman <a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</a> praised these two men, stating that "we owe Gen. Petraeus and Gen. Odierno a debt of gratitude for the commitment, determination and strength that they brought to their areas of responsibility. And regardless of how long the administration may choose to remain engaged in the strife in that country, our troops are better off with the leadership these two distinguished soldiers provide."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> During his opening statement, Petraeus discussed four principles that would guide his efforts if confirmed as <a href="/wiki/CENTCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CENTCOM">CENTCOM</a> Commander: seeking to strengthen international partnerships; taking a "whole of government" approach; pursuing comprehensive efforts and solutions; and, finally, both supporting efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan and ensuring readiness for possible contingency operations in the future. Petraeus also noted that during the week before his testimony, the number of security incidents in Iraq was the lowest in over four years.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> After Petraeus's return to Baghdad, and despite the continued drawdown of surge forces as well as recent Iraqi-led operations in places like Basrah, Mosul, and Baghdad, the number of security incidents in Iraq remained at their lowest level in over four years.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-National_Force_–_Iraq_(summer_and_fall_2008)">Multi-National Force – Iraq (summer and fall 2008)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Multi-National Force – Iraq (summer and fall 2008)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama_2008_Iraq_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus explains security improvements in <a href="/wiki/Sadr_City" title="Sadr City">Sadr City</a> while giving an aerial tour of Baghdad to Senator <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, July 2008</figcaption></figure> In September 2008, Petraeus gave an interview to <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> stating that he did not think using the term "victory" in describing the Iraq war was appropriate, saying "This is not the sort of struggle where you take a hill, plant the flag and go home to a victory parade ... it's not war with a simple slogan."<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Petraeus had discussed the term 'victory' before in March 2008, saying to <a href="/wiki/NPR_News" class="mw-redirect" title="NPR News">NPR News</a> that "an Iraq that is at peace with itself, at peace with its neighbors, that has a government that is representative of—and responsive to—its citizenry and is a contributing member of the global community" could arguably be called 'victory'.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> On the eve of his change of command, in September 2008, Petraeus stated that "I don't use terms like victory or defeat ... I'm a realist, not an optimist or a pessimist. And the reality is that there has been significant progress but there are still serious challenges."<a href="#cite_note-praise-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Change_of_command">Change of command</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Change of command">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg/220px-DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg/330px-DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg/440px-DavidPetraeusAbdulQadir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>Iraq Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Qadir_Obeidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadir Obeidi">Abdul Qadir</a> presents a gift to Petraeus during a farewell ceremony in Baghdad in September 2008.</figcaption></figure> On September 16, 2008, Petraeus formally gave over his command in Iraq to General <a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Raymond T. Odierno</a> in a government ceremony presided by Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-praise-144">[144]</a> During the ceremony, Gates stated that Petraeus "played a historic role" and created the "translation of a great strategy into a great success in very difficult circumstances." Gates also told Petraeus he believed "history will regard you as one of our nation's greatest battle captains."<a href="#cite_note-praise-144">[144]</a> He presented Petraeus with the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Defense Distinguished Service Medal">Defense Distinguished Service Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-praise-144">[144]</a> At the event, Petraeus mentioned the difficulty in getting the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Sons of Iraq</a> absorbed into the central <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iraq">Government of Iraq</a> and warned about future consequences if the effort stalled.<a href="#cite_note-praise-144">[144]</a> When speaking of these and other challenges, Petraeus noted that "the gains [achieved in Iraq] are tenuous and unlikely to survive without an American effort that outlasts his tenure." Even so, as Petraeus departed Iraq, it appeared to many that he was leaving a much different Iraq than the one that existed when he took command in February 2007. As described by Dexter Filkins, "violence has plummeted from its apocalyptic peaks, Iraqi leaders are asserting themselves, and streets that once seemed dead are flourishing with life."<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The January 3, 2009, Iraq Trends (a chart produced weekly by the MNF-I) seemed to illustrate an increase in incidents followed by the sharp decline described by Dexter Filkens and others. Petraeus' command of coalition forces during the Surge in Iraq was lauded by a number of observers. In his book The Savior Generals historian <a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Victor Davis Hanson</a> wrote, "that without David Petraeus, the American effort in Iraq—along with the reputation of the U.S. military in the Middle East—would have been lost long ago."<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In her introduction of Petraeus at the Baccalaureate ceremony for the Class of 2009 at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, President Shirley Tilghman described his accomplishments. While acknowledging that much remained to be accomplished in Iraq, Tilghman paid tribute to Petraeus's "leadership in rethinking American military strategy through his principles of counterinsurgency," which are, she said, "eliminating 'simplistic definitions of victory and defeat in favor of incremental and nuanced progress.'"<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Central_Command_(fall_2008_to_summer_2010)">U.S. Central Command (fall 2008 to summer 2010)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: U.S. Central Command (fall 2008 to summer 2010)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg/170px-Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg/255px-Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg/340px-Petraeus_at_SAC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>Gen. David H. Petraeus speaking at the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Institute_of_Politics" title="New Hampshire Institute of Politics">New Hampshire Institute of Politics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm College">Saint Anselm College</a></figcaption></figure> On October 31, 2008, Petraeus assumed command of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> (USCENTCOM) headquartered in Tampa, Florida. Petraeus was responsible for U.S. operations in 20 countries spreading from Egypt to Pakistan—including Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. During his time at CENTCOM, Petraeus advocated that countering the terrorist threats in the CENTCOM region required more than just counter-terrorism forces, demanding instead whole-of-government, comprehensive approaches akin to those of counterinsurgency.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> One of his closest colleagues said that Petraeus knew that defeating an insurgency required living among the people, convincing them that we were better than the insurgents. "[Y]ou can't kill 'em all ... [Y]ou can't kill your way out of an insurgency. ... You have to find other kinds of ammunition, and it's not always a bullet."<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Petraeus reiterated this view in a 2009 interview published in Parade magazine.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In an interview for Newsweek magazine's "Interview Issue: The View From People Who Make a Difference," Petraeus expressed his support for President Obama's announced Afghanistan strategy and discussed his view that reconciliation efforts in Afghanistan should for the time being occur "at the lower and midlevels."<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In mid-August 2009, Petraeus established the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan-Pakistan_Center_of_Excellence" title="Afghanistan-Pakistan Center of Excellence">Afghanistan-Pakistan Center of Excellence</a> within the USCENTCOM Directorate of <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a> to provide leadership to coordinate, integrate and focus analysis efforts in support of operations in Afghanistan and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> During a February 2010 World Affairs Council event in Philadelphia, General Petraeus discussed the ways in which diplomacy, history, and culture impact overall military strategy, then explained how these issues informed the U.S. approach to counterinsurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> On March 16, 2010, in testimony to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>, Petraeus described the continuing <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> as a challenge to U.S. interests in the region. According to the testimony, the conflict was "fomenting anti-American sentiment" due to "a <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a> of U.S. favoritism for <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>." This was widely commented on in the media.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> When questioned by journalist Philip Klein, Petraeus said the original reporter "picked apart" and "spun" his speech. He said he believed there were many important factors standing in the way of peace, including "a whole bunch of extremist organizations, some of which by the way deny Israel's right to exist. There's a country that has a nuclear program who denies that the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> took place. So again we have all these factors in there. This [Israel] is just one."<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In March 2010, Petraeus visited the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Institute_of_Politics" title="New Hampshire Institute of Politics">New Hampshire Institute of Politics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm College">Saint Anselm College</a> to speak about Iraq and Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Petraeus spoke a few days after the seventh anniversary of the U.S. invasion of Iraq, noting the successful changes in Iraq since the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Troop_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="Troop surge">troop surge</a>. The visit to Saint Anselm created rumors that Petraeus was contemplating a run for the presidency; however, he denied the speculation, saying that he was not aware that the college had been the site of numerous presidential debates.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Toward the close of his tenure as CENTCOM Commander, including in his interview published in <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, Petraeus discussed the effort to determine and send to Afghanistan the right "inputs" for success there; these inputs included several structures and organizations that proved important in Iraq, including "an engagement cell to support reconciliation ... a finance cell to go after financing of the enemy ... [a] really robust detainee-operations task force, a rule-of-law task force, an energy-fusion cell—all these other sort of nonstandard missions that are very important."<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> On May 5, 2010, The New York Times published an article suggesting there was mounting evidence of a Taliban role in the Times Square bombing plot.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> On May 7, 2010, Petraeus announced that Times Square bombing suspect <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Shahzad" title="Faisal Shahzad">Faisal Shahzad</a> was a "lone wolf" terrorist who did not work with others.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On May 10, 2010, Attorney General Eric Holder said that the evidence showed the Pakistani Taliban directed this plot.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health">Health</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> General Petraeus was diagnosed with early-stage <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> in February 2009 and underwent two months of successful <a href="/wiki/Radiation_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation treatment">radiation treatment</a> at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed Army Medical Center">Walter Reed Army Medical Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The diagnosis and treatment were not publicly disclosed until October 2009 because Petraeus and his family regarded his illness as a personal matter that did not interfere with the performance of his duties.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> On June 15, 2010, Petraeus momentarily fainted while being questioned by the Senate Armed Services Committee. He quickly recovered and was able to walk and exit the room without assistance.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> He attributed the episode to possible <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commander_of_U.S._and_ISAF_forces_in_Afghanistan_(2010–2011)">Commander of U.S. and ISAF forces in Afghanistan (2010–2011)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Commander of U.S. and ISAF forces in Afghanistan (2010–2011)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar,_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan,_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar%2C_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar%2C_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar%2C_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar%2C_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar%2C_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Officials_meet_near_the_%27friendship_bridge%27_border_crossing_between_Mangusar%2C_Uzbekistan_and_Hairatan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus having tea with the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Border_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Border Police">Afghan Border Police</a> Commander at the border with Uzbekistan</figcaption></figure> On June 23, 2010, President Obama announced that he would nominate Petraeus to succeed General <a href="/wiki/Stanley_A._McChrystal" title="Stanley A. McChrystal">Stanley A. McChrystal</a> as the commander of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan. The change of command was prompted by McChrystal's comments about the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> and its policies in Afghanistan during an interview with <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-15">[15]</a> The nomination was technically a positional step down from his position as commander of Central Command; however, the President said that he believed that he was the best man for the job. After being confirmed by the Senate on June 30,<a href="#cite_note-petraeus_confirmed_IT-60">[60]</a> Petraeus formally assumed command on July 4.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-2010/07/03/petraeus-afghanistan-169">[169]</a> During the assumption-of-command remarks,<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Petraeus provided his vision and goals to NATO, the members of his command, and his Afghan partners. As he was known to do while the commander in Iraq, Petraeus delivered his first Letter to the Troops<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> on the same day he assumed command.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In December, 2009, then President Obama announced that there would be a 30,000 troop surge in Afghanistan, but that in 18 months there would be a troop drawdown to take these forces out of the country again. Petraeus later shared his surprise at this decision, noting that he didn't agree with the choice to announce a drawdown given that it limited bargaining power with the enemy.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> On August 1, 2010, shortly after the disclosure of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_War_Diary" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan War Diary">Afghan war logs</a> on <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>, which included reports of high civilian deaths and increased Taliban attacks, Petraeus issued his updated Tactical Directive for the prevention of civilian casualties, providing guidance and intent for the use of force by the U.S. military units operating in Afghanistan (replacing the July 1, 2009, version). This directive reinforced the concept of "disciplined use of force in partnership with Afghan Security Forces" in the fight against insurgent forces. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">We must never forget that the center of gravity in this struggle is the Afghan people; it is they who will ultimately determine the future of Afghanistan ... Prior to the use of fires, the commander approving the strike must determine that no civilians are present. If unable to assess the risk of civilian presence, fires are prohibited, except under of the following two conditions (specific conditions deleted due to operational security; however, they have to do with the risk to ISAF and Afghan forces).<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></blockquote> In the October 2010 issue of Army Magazine, Petraeus discussed changes that had taken place over the previous 18 months, including sections discussing "setting the conditions for progress," "capitalizing on the conditions for progress," "improving security," "supporting governance expansion," "promoting economic development," "reducing corruption," and "our troopers: carrying out a difficult mission."<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_100805-F-7552L-211_-_Commander_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force_Gen._David_H._Petraeus_center_U.S._Army_talks_with_U.S._soldiers_of_the_2nd_Battalion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Defense.gov_News_Photo_100805-F-7552L-211_-_Commander_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force_Gen._David_H._Petraeus_center_U.S._Army_talks_with_U.S._soldiers_of_the_2nd_Battalion.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Defense.gov_News_Photo_100805-F-7552L-211_-_Commander_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force_Gen._David_H._Petraeus_center_U.S._Army_talks_with_U.S._soldiers_of_the_2nd_Battalion.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Defense.gov_News_Photo_100805-F-7552L-211_-_Commander_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force_Gen._David_H._Petraeus_center_U.S._Army_talks_with_U.S._soldiers_of_the_2nd_Battalion.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus talks with U.S. soldiers at Combat Outpost Monti in eastern Afghanistan in August 2010.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_Gen._Petraeus_visit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus visits Regional Command West in Afghanistan, May 2011.</figcaption></figure> Sources interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Steve Coll</a> were critical of aspects of Petraeus's tenure as ISAF commander. Some described Petraeus as being physically exhausted from his previous tours abroad (as well as his recovery from prostate cancer), having a proclivity to see Afghanistan through the prism of his experience in Iraq—to the point of occasionally referring to Afghanistan as "Iraq"—and being slow to react to "<a href="/wiki/Green-on-blue_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Green-on-blue attacks">green-on-blue</a>" or "insider attacks" by Afghan soldiers against their American partners. Petraeus sought to recreate the "<a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq#Anbar_Awakening" title="Sons of Iraq">Sunni Awakening</a>" in Iraq by offering financial inducements to former Taliban insurgents to integrate into <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a>'s government, but the results were not impressive.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> As commander in Afghanistan, Petraeus joined President Obama as a primary target for Osama bin Laden. After his death, documents recovered from bin Laden's compound unveiled a plot to assassinate the two men as they traveled by plane. Bin Laden's communications with a top deputy stated, "The reason for concentrating on them is that Obama is the head of infidelity and killing him automatically will make [Vice President] Biden take over the presidency. Biden is totally unprepared for that post, which will lead the U.S. into a crisis. As for Petraeus, he is the man of the hour ... and killing him would alter the war's path" in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In early March 2011, Petraeus made a "rare apology" following a NATO helicopter airstrike under his command that resulted in the deaths of nine Afghan boys and the wounding of a 10th, as they gathered firewood in Eastern Afghanistan. In a statement, Petraeus apologized to the members of the Afghan government, the people of Afghanistan, and the surviving family members, and said, "These deaths should have never happened." Several journalists and observers noted the humanitarian candor in Petraeus's open regrets.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Petraeus relinquished command of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan on July 18, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> He received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and the NATO Meritorious Service Medal for his service. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_from_the_U.S._Army_(August_2011)">Retirement from the U.S. Army (August 2011)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Retirement from the U.S. Army (August 2011)">edit</a>]</div> Petraeus retired from the U.S. Army on August 31, 2011. His retirement ceremony was held at <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Myer%E2%80%93Henderson_Hall" title="Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall">Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> During this ceremony, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/William_J._Lynn" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Lynn">William J. Lynn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> During the ceremony, Lynn noted that Petraeus had played an important role as both a combat leader and strategist in the post-9/11 world. Lynn also cited General Petraeus's efforts in current counter insurgency strategy.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Admiral <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael Mullen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> in his remarks compared General Petraeus to <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> as one of the great battle captains of American history.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> With his four-star rank, Petraeus receives an annual pension of about $220,000.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Dates of rank">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Promotions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_(1954%E2%80%932015),_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_%281954%E2%80%932015%29%2C_rotated.svg/120px-U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_%281954%E2%80%932015%29%2C_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_%281954%E2%80%932015%29%2C_rotated.svg/180px-U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_%281954%E2%80%932015%29%2C_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_%281954%E2%80%932015%29%2C_rotated.svg/240px-U.S._Army_O-1_shoulderboard_%281954%E2%80%932015%29%2C_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">Second lieutenant</a></td> <td>June 5, 1974<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O2_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="First lieutenant (United States)">First lieutenant</a></td> <td>June 5, 1976<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O3_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">Captain</a></td> <td>August 8, 1978<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O4_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>August 1, 1985<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_(1959%E2%80%932015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_%281959%E2%80%932015%29.svg/120px-U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_%281959%E2%80%932015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_%281959%E2%80%932015%29.svg/180px-U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_%281959%E2%80%932015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_%281959%E2%80%932015%29.svg/240px-U.S._Army_O-5_shoulderboard_rotated_%281959%E2%80%932015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td>April 1, 1991<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O6_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>September 1, 1995<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O7_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a></td> <td>January 1, 2000<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O8_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major general</a></td> <td>January 1, 2003<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O9_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant general</a></td> <td>May 18, 2004<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/120px-US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/180px-US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg/240px-US_Army_O10_shoulderboard_rotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="97" /></a> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td> <td>February 10, 2007<a href="#cite_note-110thCongress-188">[188]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CIA_director_(September_2011_–_November_2012)">CIA director (September 2011 – November 2012)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: CIA director (September 2011 – November 2012)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg/220px-Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg/330px-Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg/440px-Petraeus_ceremonially_sworn_in_as_CIA_Director.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus sworn in at the CIA Headquarters as his wife, <a href="/wiki/Holly_Petraeus" title="Holly Petraeus">Holly</a>, looks on</figcaption></figure> On April 28, 2011, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced that he had nominated Petraeus to become the new <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate 94–0 on June 30, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Petraeus was sworn in at the White House on September 6<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> and then ceremonially sworn in by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia on October 11, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Petraeus's tenure at the CIA was more low profile than that of his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a>, declining to give media interviews while director and speaking to Congress in <a href="/wiki/Closed_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Closed session of the United States Congress">closed sessions</a>. He also differed from Panetta in management style, as an article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published just days before his resignation said; Panetta "wooed the work force and often did not question operational details, [while] Petraeus is a demanding boss who does not hesitate to order substandard work redone or details of plans adjusted".<a href="#cite_note-NYTnov2-193">[193]</a> Petraeus's philosophy on leadership at the time was summarized in a twelve-point article published by Newsweek on November 5, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Although Petraeus was given good marks by most observers for his work heading the CIA,<a href="#cite_note-NYTnov2-193">[193]</a> during October 2012 some critics took issue with the availability of accurate information from the CIA concerning an <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_U.S._diplomatic_mission_in_Benghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi">attack in Benghazi, Libya</a>, the month prior. On September 11 four Americans had been killed, including the ambassador, and more than thirty evacuated. Only seven of those evacuated did not work for the CIA. According to a <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> story, other government agencies complained about being left "largely in the dark about the CIA's role," with Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> telephoning Petraeus directly the night of the attacks seeking assistance. Although the "State Department believed it had a formal agreement with the CIA to provide backup security," "the CIA didn't have the same understanding about its security responsibilities," reported The Wall Street Journal.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extramarital_affair,_resignation_and_criticism">Extramarital affair, resignation and criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Extramarital affair, resignation and criticism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Petraeus_scandal" title="Petraeus scandal">Petraeus scandal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg/220px-David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg/330px-David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg/440px-David_Petraeus_and_Paula_Broadwell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2614" data-file-height="2512" /></a><figcaption>Petraeus with <a href="/wiki/Paula_Broadwell" title="Paula Broadwell">Paula Broadwell</a> in July 2011</figcaption></figure> Petraeus reportedly began an affair with <a href="/wiki/Paula_Broadwell" title="Paula Broadwell">Paula Broadwell</a>, principal author of his biography, <a href="/wiki/All_In:_The_Education_of_General_David_Petraeus" title="All In: The Education of General David Petraeus">All In: The Education of General David Petraeus</a>, after Petraeus left his ISAF command on July 18, 2011, to become CIA director. Petraeus reportedly ended the affair in the summer of 2012, around the time that he learned that Broadwell had been sending harassing emails to a longstanding family friend of the Petraeuses, <a href="/wiki/Jill_Kelley" title="Jill Kelley">Jill Kelley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoNov12-196">[196]</a> Kelley, a Florida socialite who frequently entertained senior military personnel at her and her husband's <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a> mansion,<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> had approached an acquaintance who worked for the <a href="/wiki/FBI_Tampa_Field_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI Tampa Field Office">FBI Tampa Field Office</a> in the late spring with regard to anonymous emails she considered threatening.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoNov12-196">[196]</a> The Bureau traced the emails to Broadwell, and noted that Broadwell appeared to be exchanging intimate messages with an email account belonging to Petraeus, which instigated an investigation into whether that account had been hacked into or was someone posing as Petraeus.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> According to an <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> report, rather than transmit emails to each other's inbox, which would have left a more obvious email trail, Petraeus and Broadwell left messages in a draft folder and the draft messages were then <a href="/wiki/Foldering" title="Foldering">read by the other person</a> when they logged into the same account.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/U.S._Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a> was aware that the FBI had discovered the affair,<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> it was not until November 6, 2012, that Petraeus's nominal superior, Director of National Intelligence <a href="/wiki/James_R._Clapper" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Clapper">James R. Clapper</a>, was advised. That same evening Clapper called Petraeus and urged him to resign. Clapper notified the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> the next day, November 7. After being briefed on November 8, President Obama summoned Petraeus to the White House where Petraeus offered his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Obama accepted his resignation on November 9,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> and Petraeus cited his affair when announcing that same day that he would resign as CIA Director.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Eventually, Petraeus pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of mishandling the classified information that he provided to his mistress and biographer.<a href="#cite_note-Mar_3_2015-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_after_2012_scandal">Criticism after 2012 scandal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Criticism after 2012 scandal">edit</a>]</div> On November 13, 2012, Reagan administration Assistant Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Korb" title="Lawrence Korb">Lawrence Korb</a>, CIA analyst and <a href="/wiki/Veteran_Intelligence_Professionals_for_Sanity" title="Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity">Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/Ray_McGovern" title="Ray McGovern">Ray McGovern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigative journalist">investigative journalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Porter" title="Gareth Porter">Gareth Porter</a> appeared on <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>. Together they assessed the general's extensive military-media strategy, linking his writings on counterguerrilla operations and subsequent military media efforts to his downfall with his female biographer. Critics said that the Petraeus media strategy would prove damaging for American policy in the future because of omissions and distorted interpretations that Washington policymakers, other experts, and the American public accepted from Petraeus's media contacts.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Military historians have noted the absence of field records for the Iraq and Afghanistan military campaigns, but have not been personally critical of the commanders in theater.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> One additional aspect of Petraeus's career that has come under increased scrutiny since his affair came to light has been his lack of a direct combat record in relation to the many awards he received. In particular, his Bronze Star Medal with Valor device has been mentioned in several media reports and questioned by several former Army officers.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The citation for Petraeus's Bronze Star with "V" device also notes his "leadership under fire", as does award of the Combat Action Badge, but neither provides a detailed account of his actions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminal_charges_and_probation">Criminal charges and probation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Criminal charges and probation">edit</a>]</div> In January 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a> had recommended bringing felony charges against Petraeus for providing classified information to <a href="/wiki/Paula_Broadwell" title="Paula Broadwell">Broadwell</a>. Petraeus denied the allegations and was reported to have had no interest in a plea deal.<a href="#cite_note-https-21">[21]</a> However, on Tuesday, March 3, 2015, the U.S. Justice Department announced that Petraeus agreed to plead guilty in federal court in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, to a charge of unauthorized removal and retention of classified information.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In the 15-page statement of facts filed by the government along with the plea agreement, the government stated that Petraeus had provided Broadwell access to documents containing top secret <a href="/wiki/Sensitive_compartmented_information" title="Sensitive compartmented information">sensitive compartmented information</a>, had later moved those documents to his personal residence and stored them in an unsecured drawer, and had deliberately and intentionally lied to federal investigators about both providing Broadwell access to the documents and their improper storage. These facts were acknowledged to be true by Petraeus as part of his plea agreement.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On April 23, 2015, a federal judge sentenced Petraeus to two years' probation plus a fine of $100,000. The fine was more than double the amount the Justice Department had requested.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Press accounts in January 2016 indicated that Department of Defense staff were reviewing Department of Justice documents from the Petraeus prosecution and considering whether to recommend to the Secretary of Defense that Petraeus be demoted on the Army's retired list. Laws and regulations indicate that members of the military are retired at the last rank in which they are deemed to have served successfully; Petraeus's admission of an extramarital affair and guilty plea with regard to removing and retaining classified information while serving in the grade of general could be grounds for reduction in rank to lieutenant general. The matter was reviewed by then-Secretary of the Army <a href="/wiki/John_M._McHugh" title="John M. McHugh">John M. McHugh</a> before he left office in October 2015; he recommended no further action.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> On January 29, press accounts indicated that Stephen C. Hedger, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, had written to the U.S. Senate <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services Committee</a>. In his letter, Hedger informed the committee that Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Ashton_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashton Carter">Ashton Carter</a> had concurred with the Army's recommendation, and would not impose any further punishment on Petraeus.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities_in_retirement">Activities in retirement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Activities in retirement">edit</a>]</div> In March 2013, Petraeus accepted the role of honorary chairman of the <a href="/wiki/OSS_Society" title="OSS Society">OSS Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Petraeus was named a <a href="/wiki/Visiting_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Visiting professor">visiting professor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Macaulay_Honors_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaulay Honors College">Macaulay Honors College</a> at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> in July 2013. According to a statement from Petraeus, "I look forward to leading a seminar at Macaulay that examines the developments that could position the United States—and our North American partners—to lead the world out of the current global economic slowdown."<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> After his anticipated $200,000 salary for the academic year drew fire from critics, Petraeus agreed to take on the teaching position <a href="/wiki/One-dollar_salary" title="One-dollar salary">for just $1</a> in order to keep the focus on the students and away from any monetary controversy.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In September 2013 Petraeus was harassed by students at CUNY while walking on campus.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> On May 1, 2013, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> named David Petraeus as a Judge Widney Professor, "a title reserved for eminent individuals from the arts, sciences, professions, business and community and national leadership".<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The president of the Currahee board of trustees announced May 6, 2013, that Petraeus agreed to serve on the board of trustees that preserves <a href="/wiki/Camp_Toccoa" title="Camp Toccoa">Camp Toccoa</a>. During WWII, four of the main parachute infantry regiments of the Army trained at Camp Toccoa prior to their deployment.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P.</a>, a New York <a href="/wiki/Investment_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment firm">investment firm</a>, hired Petraeus as chairman of the firm's newly created KKR Global Institute in May 2013. Part of his work would support KKR's investment teams and portfolio companies when studying new investments, especially in new locations.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> In December 2014, Petraeus was named a partner at KKR and remains chairman of the KKR Global Institute.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Petraeus joined the board of advisers of <a href="/wiki/Team_Rubicon" title="Team Rubicon">Team Rubicon</a> on June 18, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a> (RUSI) named Petraeus as a senior vice president of the organization in August 2013. According to RUSI, "The honorary role was created by RUSI's trustees and advisory council in recognition of General Petraeus's long association with the Institute and his distinguished contribution to the study and development of defense and international security concepts, as well as his implementation of those concepts in operations in the Balkans, Iraq, and Afghanistan."<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> In October 2013, Petraeus joined Harvard's <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">John F. Kennedy School of Government</a> as a non-resident senior fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Belfer_Center_for_Science_and_International_Affairs" title="Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs">Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs</a>. According to the school, Petraeus joined to lead a new project focusing on the technological, scientific and economic dynamics that are spurring renewed North American competitiveness. "The Coming North America Decades" project would analyze how potential policy choices could effect this ongoing transformation.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In 2016, the center announced a new project involving Petraeus and focusing on strategic leadership.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> On February 10, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a> in England named Petraeus as an honorary visiting professor of the Strategy and Security Institute. Alongside the other honorary faculty, the appointment would help inform the institute's key objectives of exploring policymaking, strategy, and security.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> General Petraeus was one of the "11 legendary generals" profiled in the 2014 National Geographic Channel feature "American War Generals".<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In 2015, Petraeus suggested the U.S. should arm members of the terror group <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>) in Syria to fight <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> On June 10, 2016, Petraeus and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Mark Kelly</a>, a retired NASA astronaut and later senator from Arizona, announced the creation of the now defunct gun control group Veterans Coalition for Common Sense.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Petraeus delivered the inaugural lecture in a series dedicated to his mentor and the former dean of <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">The Fletcher School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Galvin_(general)" title="John Galvin (general)">General Jack Galvin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> He also delivered the inaugural lecture in a series dedicated to Admiral <a href="/wiki/Stansfield_Turner" title="Stansfield Turner">Stansfield Turner</a> at the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a> on August 7, 2018. The lecture series honors the achievements of Turner, who served as the college's president from 1972 to 1974.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> As a member of a <a href="/wiki/Panel_discussion" title="Panel discussion">panel discussion</a> in October 2018 concerning a film documenting the <a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a> newspaper, Petraeus shared his personal experiences with the newspaper with the audience.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> On June 12, 2019, Petraeus accepted the invitation of a three-year honorary professorship in the Institute of Conflict, Cooperation and Security (ICSS) at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> in England. The university's announcement of the appointment stated that Petraeus "will share insights from his career with students and researchers through a variety of interactions in Birmingham and virtually."<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> General Petraeus was the guest speaker at the 500th Night celebration for the U.S. Military Academy's Class of 2020 at West Point, held on January 26, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State_consideration">Secretary of State consideration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Secretary of State consideration">edit</a>]</div> On November 18, 2016, an article by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> cited "diplomatic sources" as having said that Petraeus had entered the race for <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Petraeus confirmed his interest in the position during a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> interview, stating that he would serve if asked.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Petraeus met with then President-elect Donald Trump at <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> on November 28 to discuss the position and world affairs. Both Petraeus and Trump expressed favorable views of the meeting, with Trump taking to <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> to announce, "Just met with General Petraeus—was very impressed!" Petraeus joined a short list of potential candidates for the position, including <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Giuliani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> There was public speculation that his nomination could hurt Trump's administration, but Republican senators <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> advocated for Petraeus, calling him "an extraordinary pick". Petraeus also received support from Democratic senator <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a>, suggesting that Democrats would keep an open mind concerning his confirmation.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> On December 13, 2016, Trump officially selected <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> for the role of Secretary of State. Petraeus expressed his gratitude for Trump's consideration and deferred to former secretary of defense <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a>' endorsement when asked his opinion of Tillerson.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction_to_the_decision_to_withdraw_U.S._forces_from_Afghanistan">Reaction to the decision to withdraw U.S. forces from Afghanistan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Reaction to the decision to withdraw U.S. forces from Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> On April 14, 2021, President Joe Biden announced that <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_US_troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2021 US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">all U.S. troops in Afghanistan would be withdrawn from the country</a> by September 11, 2021, against the advice of many of his top generals and many diplomats.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Petraeus has been an outspoken opponent of the U.S.'s strategy for withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the agreements made with the Taliban in preparation thereof. In a Fox News interview on August 17, 2021, Petraeus called former president Donald Trump's decision to release 5,000 detainees of the Taliban held by the Afghanistan government in 2020 flawed and disastrous, with a tragic outcome.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_News-242">[242]</a> In another interview with the Wall Street Journal on August 20, 2021, he noted that the U.S. negotiated with the Taliban expecting to get something in return for withdrawing, which, he said, "didn't work out".<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> During an interview with Fox News on May 12, 2021, Petraeus discussed his opposition to the withdrawal of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, stating, "I fear that we will come to regret this decision."<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> He warned of the possible psychological effects on Afghan forces following removal of U.S. support, the erosion of Afghan Air Force maintenance, and the risk of a "brutal civil war".<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">a military blitz by the Taliban</a> that ended in the group <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">capturing the country's capital, Kabul</a>, Petraeus again questioned the poor planning of troop withdrawal from the region and reiterated the dangers the world would face from the potential establishment of Al Qaeda or the Islamic State in the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a>. In an email interview with <a href="/wiki/Die_Weltwoche" title="Die Weltwoche">Die Weltwoche</a>, Petraeus stated "I do not believe that either terrorist group will pose a near-term threat to the U.S. homeland or our NATO allies. The longer-term threat will depend on our ability to identify, disrupt, and degrade any such sanctuaries."<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Petraeus suggested that the removal of 18,000 contractors who maintained aircraft contributed to the surrender of Afghan government forces who ended up lacking air support against the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_News-242">[242]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kilmeade" title="Brian Kilmeade">Brian Kilmeade</a> Petraeus drew parallels between the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Fall of Saigon</a>. He advised that American forces, drones, and close air support be used to secure Kabul Airport while the U.S. communicates with the Taliban to prevent them from impeding the movement of individuals that are trying to evacuate.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> During a discussion with CNN's Peter Bergen, Petraeus predicted that the Taliban would struggle to fund their new government following the withdrawal of U.S. and other donor nation financial support. He suggested that the resultant degradation of basic services and salaries for Afghan workers could ultimately force the Taliban to change their approach with the international community, but that it was too early to tell if the Taliban were reformed.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Discussing the topic with NBC's Lester Holt, he expressed his belief that the Taliban's actions on the ground showed that they were "the same old Taliban", and that he was fairly confident that Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State would be able to re-establish sanctuaries in the region with the Taliban in power.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> He expressed doubt that the U.S. would become involved in the country while the Taliban was in power, outside of military and intelligence actions to protect U.S. interests, and suggested that even the establishment of an embassy for diplomatic relations would not happen "any time soon". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Views on the Russian invasion of Ukraine</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Views on the Russian invasion of Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> Petraeus has been vocally critical of <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a>, joining three other retired military generals to form the Strategic Advisory Council for the Defense of Ukraine in July 2022 to provide strategic expertise and operational assistance to Ukrainian forces.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Early in 2022, as tensions mounted between Russia and Ukraine, Petraeus attended a tabletop panel with Admiral <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael Mullen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Flournoy" title="Michèle Flournoy">Michèle Flournoy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Donilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Donilon">Thomas Donilon</a> to discuss economic sanctions, cyber defenses, and anti-Russian insurgency in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> In public appearances and interviews, Petraeus has criticized not only Russia's motives for the invasion, but also the tactics and standards of the country's military effort. In the weeks following the invasion of Ukraine, Petraeus spoke with <a href="/wiki/Jake_Tapper" title="Jake Tapper">Jake Tapper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Cooper" title="Anderson Cooper">Anderson Cooper</a>, examining Russia's strategy in attempts to seize <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> On March 12, 2022, Petraeus spoke on One Nation with Brian Kilmeade, criticizing the Russian military's failed attempt to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> effect, which, according to Petraeus, wasn't up to the normal standards anticipated by the United States or other NATO countries' militaries.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> In May 2022, Petraeus commented that, in an attempt to create a stronger Russia, President Putin had instead strengthened the alliance between NATO countries.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> In a later interview, Petraeus said that the Russian military was nowhere near as good as NATO had thought it would be.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> He described the Russian military's preferred tactic as that of overwhelming artillery strikes, leading to the question of whether Russia's military valued volume over accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> In October 2022, he called Russia's military mobilization in Ukraine "irreversible and disastrous."<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> In addition to criticisms of Russia's war effort, Petraeus also discussed the negative implications that Russian sanctions have for worldwide financial markets, food supplies, and other commodities, and he commended the Ukrainian military for its impressive counter-attacks, specifically a raid on Russian tanks, the killing of five Russian generals, and the destruction of the Russian warship, Saratov.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> In mid- to late 2022, Petraeus spoke further on the Western response to Russia's aggression and the impacts U.S. involvement had on Ukraine's defense. In an interview with CNN's <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sciutto" title="Jim Sciutto">Jim Sciutto</a> regarding Russia's plans to annex more regions in Ukraine, he said that US- and UK-supplied high-mobility artillery rocket systems had prompted Russian forces to relocate their headquarters and fuel supplies, which had significantly slowed Russia's advances in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In another interview, he said that Western support had improved counteroffensive strategies, resulting in retaking Crimea and Donbas territories from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Petraeus has been a strong proponent of continued aid to Ukraine and increased NATO readiness for potential escalations by Russia and its allies.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> He spoke of the need for the United States to prioritize military readiness to counter China and to increase aid for Ukraine in the annual defense policy bill.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> He also discussed the importance of deploying Patriot missile systems in Ukraine as an anti-ballistic missile system and discussed measures that the US and NATO would employ if Russia were to carry out a nuclear attack in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> In an Atlantic Council discussion concerning additional aid to Ukraine he emphasized the need for the deployment of Western aircraft and support staff, a stronger defense guarantee, and diplomatic and economic pressures on Russia to hasten peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> Petraeus expressed the belief that President Putin would eventually realize that the war is not sustainable on the battlefield and would agree to a negotiated resolution with Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In an article published by <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> magazine, Petraeus joined other experts to derive lessons from the Russian-Ukraine war that would prevent, deter, and combat forthcoming world conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> During a trip to Kyiv, Petraeus joined a group from the Atlantic Council in presenting the council's Global Citizen Award to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, recognizing his exceptional leadership in defending Ukraine against Russian aggression.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> While in Kyiv, Petraeus visited the American University of Kyiv, discussing his confidence in well-equipped Ukrainian troops and the challenges faced by Russian forces. He emphasized the effectiveness of Ukraine's newly formed brigades equipped with Western tanks and fighting vehicles, offering valuable insights and support to Ukraine's efforts in countering the Russian forces.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> In an interview with CNN, Petraeus shared his view that alleged Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">drone attacks</a> on Russian soil were a way to not only attack valid military targets but also to acquaint the Russian people with the fact that a war was happening. He also described a shift in the Ukrainian strategy in their summer offensive as "starve, stretch and strike," a tactic used to create greater opportunity for success later in the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Speaking with CNN's Christiane Amanpour in response to the slow pace of Ukraine's counteroffensive in the summer of 2023, Petraeus noted that while the Russian military hadn't distinguished itself in many ways, the depth of their defenses in territory seized in Ukraine had proven formidable. In the same interview, he stated his opinion that Ukraine's forces had adapted well to Russian entrenchment, taking their time to pick through mine fields without the aid of air support. Petraeus once again argued for more military aid for Ukraine, and increased sanctions against Russia, in an effort to force a diplomatic resolution to the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In another conversation with Amanpour, he warned that if Putin succeeds in achieving his substantial objectives in Ukraine, then Moldova or one of the Baltic states could be invaded next. Petraeus expressed his strong agreement with Henry Kissinger's statement that "NATO's defense now begins at the border between Ukraine and Russia."<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> According to Petraeus, he does not vote in elections, having stopped following his promotion to <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">major general</a> in 2002 as part of a desire to be seen as apolitical. He has confirmed that he did not vote in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_memberships">Organizational memberships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Organizational memberships">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Co-chairman, Task Force on North America, Council on Foreign Relations (June 2013 – December 2015)<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a></li> <li>Member, board of directors, Atlantic Council (April 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a></li> <li>Washington Speakers Bureau (June 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li> <li>Member, board of advisors, Team Rubicon (April 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a></li> <li>Member, board of directors, <a href="/wiki/Optiv_(cybersecurity_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Optiv (cybersecurity company)">Optiv Inc</a> (March 2017 – present)<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a></li> <li>Co-chairman, global advisory council, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (August 2015 – present)<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a></li> <li>Member, advisory council, Veterans Coalition for Common Sense (June 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a></li> <li>Member, conservation council, <a href="/wiki/Panthera_Corporation" title="Panthera Corporation">Panthera</a> (February 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li>Senior vice president, Royal United Services Institute (June 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a></li> <li>Member, board of directors, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a> (November 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a></li> <li>Member, advisory council, American Corporate Partners (April 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li> <li>Faculty advisor, USC Student Veterans Association (September 2013 – August 2019)<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li>Chairman, KKR Vets at Work (May 2014 – present)<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li>Member, board of directors, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America (IAVA) (October 2015 – present)<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a></li> <li>Member, Concordia Leadership Council, The Concordia Summit (September 2015 – present)<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li>Member, board of trustees, The McCain Institute for International Leadership (December 2015 – present)<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li>Member, academic advisory board, Warrior-Scholar Project (February 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li>Advisor, Global War on Terror Memorial Foundation (February 2016 – June 2019)<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li> <li>Member, national security advisory council, U.S. Global Leadership Coalition (April 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li>Trustee, Arthur F. Burns Fellowship (April 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li> <li>Member, board of directors, Fort Campbell Historical Foundation (September 2015 – present)<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li>Member, board of advisors, The Alexander Hamilton Society (October 2016 – present)<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li> <li>Member, board of advisors, Partnership for a Secure America (March 2017 – present)<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li> <li>Churchill Fellow of Westminster College, Westminster College (Fulton, MO) (April 2017 – present)<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a></li> <li>Member, council of advisors, Army Heritage Center Foundation (June 2017 – present)<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li>Member, Golden Plate Award Council, Academy of Achievement (October 2012 – present)<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li> <li>Advisory trustee, The Camp Tocca At Currahee (June 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a></li> <li>Honorary chairman, The OSS Society (January 2013 – present)<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li> <li>Honorary fellow, Ivy Club, Princeton University (May 2012 – present)<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li> <li>Member, board of advisors, National Council on U.S. – Arab Relations (October 2016 – Present)<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li>Advisor to the board, United States-India Strategic Partnership Forum (January 2018 – present)<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li>Member, network experts (August 2018 – present)<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a></li> <li>Member, board of advisors, Third Option Foundation (March 2019 – present)<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li> <li>Member, The Trilateral Commission (August 2019 – present)<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognitions_and_honors">Recognitions and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Recognitions and honors">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decorations_and_badges">Decorations and badges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Decorations and badges">edit</a>]</div> Petraeus's decorations and badges include the following:<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">U.S. military decorations </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 41px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Defense Distinguished Service Medal">Defense Distinguished Service Medal</a> (with 3 <a href="/wiki/Oak_Leaf_Cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Leaf Cluster">Oak Leaf Clusters</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Defense_Superior_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal" title="Defense Superior Service Medal">Defense Superior Service Medal</a> (with Oak Leaf Cluster) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 41px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/90px-Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> (with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:%22V%22_device,_brass.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valor device"><img alt="V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg/13px-%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg/20px-%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg/26px-%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Valor_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Valor device">V Device</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_Meritorious_Service_Medal" title="Defense Meritorious Service Medal">Defense Meritorious Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Meritorious_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</a> (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Army_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Commendation Medal">Army Commendation Medal</a> (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Achievement_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Achievement Medal">Joint Service Achievement Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Army_Achievement_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Achievement_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Achievement Medal">Army Achievement Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">U.S. unit awards </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 41px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/60px-Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/90px-Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/120px-Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award" title="Joint Meritorious Unit Award">Joint Meritorious Unit Award</a> (with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg/60px-Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg/90px-Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg/120px-Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation" title="Meritorious Unit Commendation">Army Meritorious Unit Commendation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/60px-Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/90px-Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/120px-Army_Superior_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Superior_Unit_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Superior Unit Award">Army Superior Unit Award</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">U.S. non-military decorations </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png/60px-USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png/90px-USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png/120px-USA_-_DOS_Distinguished_Service_Award.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="125" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awards_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Awards of the United States Department of State">State Department</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary%27s_Distinguished_Service_Award" title="Secretary's Distinguished Service Award">Secretary's Distinguished Service Award</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg/60px-US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg/90px-US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg/120px-US_DOS_Distinguished_Honor_Award.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="31" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awards_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Awards of the United States Department of State">State Department</a> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Honor_Award" title="Distinguished Honor Award">Distinguished Honor Award</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Superior_Honor_Award.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Superior_Honor_Award.svg/60px-Superior_Honor_Award.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Superior_Honor_Award.svg/90px-Superior_Honor_Award.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Superior_Honor_Award.svg/120px-Superior_Honor_Award.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="31" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awards_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Awards of the United States Department of State">State Department</a> <a href="/wiki/Superior_Honor_Award" title="Superior Honor Award">Superior Honor Award</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">U.S. service (campaign) medals and service and training ribbons </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a> (with 2 <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">Service Stars</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal" title="Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal">Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal</a> (with 2 Service Stars) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 41px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal" title="Afghanistan Campaign Medal">Afghanistan Campaign Medal</a> (with 3 Service Stars) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 2px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 46px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Iraq_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Campaign_Medal" title="Iraq Campaign Medal">Iraq Campaign Medal</a> (with 4 Service Stars) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal">Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Service Medal">Global War on Terrorism Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Armed_Forces_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Service_Medal" title="Armed Forces Service Medal">Armed Forces Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Humanitarian_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Service_Medal" title="Humanitarian Service Medal">Humanitarian Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Service_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Army_Service_Ribbon.svg/60px-Army_Service_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Army_Service_Ribbon.svg/90px-Army_Service_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Army_Service_Ribbon.svg/120px-Army_Service_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Ribbon" title="Army Service Ribbon">Army Service Ribbon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg/60px-Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg/90px-Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg/120px-Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Award_numeral_8.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Award_numeral_8.png/11px-Award_numeral_8.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Award_numeral_8.png/17px-Award_numeral_8.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Award_numeral_8.png/22px-Award_numeral_8.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Service_Ribbon#Army" title="Overseas Service Ribbon">Army Overseas Service Ribbon</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Award_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Award numeral">award numeral</a> 8) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">International decorations </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:UNMIH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/UNMIH.svg/60px-UNMIH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/UNMIH.svg/90px-UNMIH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/UNMIH.svg/120px-UNMIH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) Medal</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg/60px-NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg/90px-NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg/120px-NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NATO_Meritorious_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Meritorious Service Medal">NATO Meritorious Service Medal</a> Iraq & Afghanistan with bronze service star </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg/60px-NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg/90px-NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg/120px-NATO_Medal_Yugoslavia_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a> for Yugoslavia, NTM-I, Afghanistan with 2 bronze service stars </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">Foreign state decorations </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:AUS_Order_of_Australia_(military)_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28military%29_BAR.svg/60px-AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28military%29_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28military%29_BAR.svg/90px-AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28military%29_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28military%29_BAR.svg/120px-AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28military%29_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of Australia">Officer of the Order of Australia</a>, Military Division<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_(military_division)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meritorious Service Cross (Canada)"><img alt="Meritorious Service Cross (Canada)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_%28military_division%29_ribbon.svg/60px-CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_%28military_division%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_%28military_division%29_ribbon.svg/90px-CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_%28military_division%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_%28military_division%29_ribbon.svg/120px-CAN_Meritorious_Service_Cross_%28military_division%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Cross" title="Meritorious Service Cross">Meritorious Service Cross</a>, Military Division (Canada)<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg/60px-CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg/90px-CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg/120px-CZE_Cross_of_Merit_Min-of-Def_1st_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Merit_of_the_Minister_of_Defence_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic">Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic</a>, 1st Class </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/90px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (France) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ribbon of the French commemorative Medal"><img alt="Ribbon of the French commemorative Medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG/60px-Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG" decoding="async" width="60" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG/90px-Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG/120px-Ruban_de_la_M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise.PNG 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="51" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille commémorative française">French Military Campaign Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Knight Commander's Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Award_of_the_Iraqi_Order_of_the_Date_Palm_Ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gold_Award_of_the_Iraqi_Order_of_the_Date_Palm_Ribbon.png/60px-Gold_Award_of_the_Iraqi_Order_of_the_Date_Palm_Ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gold_Award_of_the_Iraqi_Order_of_the_Date_Palm_Ribbon.png/90px-Gold_Award_of_the_Iraqi_Order_of_the_Date_Palm_Ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Gold_Award_of_the_Iraqi_Order_of_the_Date_Palm_Ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td>Gold Award of the Iraqi Order of the Date Palm </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg/60px-Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg/90px-Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg/120px-Croce_al_merito_dei_carabinieri_gold_medal_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Gold Cross of Merit of the Carabinieri (Italy)<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg/60px-Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg/90px-Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg/120px-Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_National_Security_Merit" title="Order of National Security Merit">Order of National Security Merit</a>, Tong-il Medal (Korea) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/60px-Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/90px-Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg/120px-Order_of_Orange-Nassau_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td> <td>Knight Grand Cross with Swords of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Order of Orange-Nassau">Order of Orange-Nassau</a> (Netherlands) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png/60px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png/90px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png/120px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl3_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Commander's Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland">Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polish Army Medal (Gold)"><img alt="Polish Army Medal (Gold)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg/60px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg/90px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg/120px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Medal_Wojska_Polskiego_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_Army_Medal" title="Polish Army Medal">Polish Army Medal</a>, Gold </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polish Iraq Star"><img alt="Polish Iraq Star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg/60px-POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg/90px-POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg/120px-POL_Gwiazda_Iraku_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_campaign_stars" title="Polish campaign stars">Polish Iraq Star</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanian_Honor_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanian Emblem of Honor"><img alt="Romanian Emblem of Honor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Romanian_Honor_Emblem.png/60px-Romanian_Honor_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Romanian_Honor_Emblem.png/90px-Romanian_Honor_Emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Romanian_Honor_Emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td>Romanian Chief of Defense Honor Emblem<a href="#cite_note-Questionnaire-325">[325]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Cross_Military_Merit_Order_UAE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Grand_Cross_Military_Merit_Order_UAE.png/60px-Grand_Cross_Military_Merit_Order_UAE.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Grand_Cross_Military_Merit_Order_UAE.png/90px-Grand_Cross_Military_Merit_Order_UAE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Grand_Cross_Military_Merit_Order_UAE.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td>Military Merit Order, First Class (United Arab Emirates) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg/60px-GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg/90px-GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg/120px-GEO_Vakhtang_Gorgasal_Order_1rank_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Vakhtang Gorgasali Order, 1st Rank (Government of Georgia)<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png/60px-Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png/90px-Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png/120px-Decoration_Commemorating_200_Years_of_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Colombia_and_USA_Grade_of_Grand_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="207" /></a> </td> <td>Decoration Commemorating 200 years of US-Colombia Relations, Grand Cross (Republic of Colombia)<a href="#cite_note-The_Embassy_of_Colombia-US-327">[327]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">U.S. badges, patches and tabs </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg/110px-Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg/165px-Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg/220px-Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="220" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Expert_Infantryman_Badge" title="Expert Infantryman Badge">Expert Infantryman Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_Action_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Combat_Action_Badge.svg/80px-Combat_Action_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Combat_Action_Badge.svg/120px-Combat_Action_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Combat_Action_Badge.svg/160px-Combat_Action_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="95" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Combat_Action_Badge" title="Combat Action Badge">Combat Action Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Master_Parachutist_badge_(United_States).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg/80px-Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg/120px-Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg/160px-Master_Parachutist_badge_%28United_States%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="812" /></a> </td> <td>Master <a href="/wiki/Parachutist_Badge_(United_States)" title="Parachutist Badge (United States)">Parachutist Badge (United States)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:AirAssault.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AirAssault.svg/80px-AirAssault.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AirAssault.svg/120px-AirAssault.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AirAssault.svg/160px-AirAssault.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="167" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Assault_Badge" title="Air Assault Badge">Air Assault Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/80px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/120px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/160px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="653" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Staff_Identification_Badge" title="Army Staff Identification Badge">Army Staff Identification Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg/75px-Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg/113px-Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg/150px-Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="216" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Identification_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge">Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranger_Tab.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ranger_Tab.svg/80px-Ranger_Tab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ranger_Tab.svg/120px-Ranger_Tab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ranger_Tab.svg/160px-Ranger_Tab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="315" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranger_tab" title="Ranger tab">Ranger tab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png/80px-Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png/120px-Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png/160px-Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="254" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="101st Airborne Division (United States)">101st Airborne Division Shoulder Sleeve Insignia</a> worn as his <a href="/wiki/Combat_Service_Identification_Badge" title="Combat Service Identification Badge">Combat Service Identification Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png/80px-101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png/120px-101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png/160px-101st_Airborne_Division_DUI.png 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="358" /></a> </td> <td>101st Airborne Division <a href="/wiki/Distinctive_Unit_Insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinctive Unit Insignia">Distinctive Unit Insignia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmyOSB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ArmyOSB.svg/75px-ArmyOSB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ArmyOSB.svg/113px-ArmyOSB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ArmyOSB.svg/150px-ArmyOSB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>11 <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Service_Bar" title="Overseas Service Bar">Overseas Service Bars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">Foreign badges </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Wings_badge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wings_badge.JPG/80px-Wings_badge.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wings_badge.JPG/120px-Wings_badge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Wings_badge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="58" /></a> </td> <td>British Army Parachutist Badge </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg/80px-Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg/120px-Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg/160px-Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td>Basic French Parachutist Badge (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Brevet de Parachutisme militaire) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png/80px-BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png/120px-BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png/160px-BW_Sonderabzeichen_Fallschirmspringer.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="173" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Parachutist_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="German Parachutist Badge">German Parachutist Badge</a> in bronze (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Fallschirmspringerabzeichen) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg/80px-German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg/120px-German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg/160px-German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="234" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency" title="German Armed Forces Badge for Military Proficiency">German Armed Forces Badge for Military Proficiency</a> Bronze </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eckerd_College" title="Eckerd College">Eckerd College</a>, May 23, 2010, honorary doctorate in laws<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, May 14, 2012, honorary doctorate of laws<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a>, May 20, 2012, honorary doctorate of public service<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Afghanistan" title="American University of Afghanistan">American University of Afghanistan</a>, June 17, 2019, honorary doctorate of humane letters<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian_awards_and_honors">Civilian awards and honors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Civilian awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> Petraeus's civilian awards and honors include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007–2010">2007–2010</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 2007–2010">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>2007: 100 Most Influential Leaders and Revolutionaries of the Year, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a></li> <li>2007: Second Most Influential American Conservative, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Person_of_the_Year" title="Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a> 2007 runner-up, Time magazine<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a></li> <li>2007: Man of the Year, The Daily Telegraph<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a></li> <li>2008: Leader of the Year, <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a></li> <li>2008: One of World's Top 100 Public Intellectuals, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a> magazines<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a></li> <li>2008: 16th Most Powerful Person in the World, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li>2009: George F. Kennan Award, <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_on_American_Foreign_Policy" title="National Committee on American Foreign Policy">National Committee on American Foreign Policy</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a></li> <li>2009: Distinguished Service Medal, The American Legion<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></li> <li>2009: Military Leadership Award, <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Council">The Atlantic Council</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li> <li>2009: Abraham Lincoln Award, <a href="/wiki/Union_League_of_Philadelphia" title="Union League of Philadelphia">Union League of Philadelphia</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a></li> <li>2009: Father of the Year Award, National Father's Day Committee<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a></li> <li>2009: Eisenhower Award, <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Industrial_Association" title="National Defense Industrial Association">National Defense Industrial Association</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a></li> <li>2009: William Donovan Award, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a></li> <li>2009: Freedom Award, No Greater Sacrifice<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a></li> <li>2009: Distinguished Citizen Award, Congressional Medal of Honor Society<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a></li> <li>2009: Sam Gibbons Lifetime Achievement Award, The World Trade Center Tampa Bay<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li> <li>2010: James Madison Medal, <a href="/wiki/The_Woodrow_Wilson_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Woodrow Wilson School">The Woodrow Wilson School</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li>2010: Leader of Principle Award, The Citadel at <a href="/wiki/Baker_School_of_Business" title="Baker School of Business">Baker School of Business</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a></li> <li>2010: Irving Kristol Award, <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li> <li>2010: Intrepid Freedom Award, <a href="/wiki/Intrepid_Sea,_Air_%26_Space_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum">Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a></li> <li>2010: Named No. 12 of 50 People Who Mattered in 2010, <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a></li> <li>2010: Top 100 Global Thinkers, Foreign Policy<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a></li> <li>2010: Dwight D. Eisenhower Award, <a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">Veterans of Foreign Wars</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a></li> <li>2010: Dedicated Room, <a href="/wiki/Thayer_Hotel" title="Thayer Hotel">Thayer Hotel</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011–2020">2011–2020</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 2011–2020">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>2011: 100 Most Influential People in the World, Time magazine<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a></li> <li>2012: Golden Plate Award, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a></li> <li>2012: Golden Eagle Award, Society of American Military Engineers<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a></li> <li>2013: 35th Chesney Gold Medal, <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a></li> <li>2013: History Makers Award, <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a></li> <li>2013: Gold Medal for Distinguished Achievement, <a href="/wiki/The_Holland_Society_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="The Holland Society of New York">The Holland Society of New York</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a></li> <li>2015: Luminary Award, WashingtonExec Leadership Council<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a></li> <li>2016: C3 Global Solutions Award, C3 US-Arab Business and Healthcare<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a></li> <li>2016: American Spirit Award, The Common Good<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a></li> <li>2017: Winston S Churchill National Leadership Award, <a href="/wiki/The_International_Churchill_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The International Churchill Society">The International Churchill Society</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a></li> <li>2018: Soldier Citizen Award, <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Financial_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="American College of Financial Services">American College of Financial Services</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a></li> <li>2019: Recanati-Kaplan Award for Civic Excellence and Cultural Engagement, <a href="/wiki/92nd_Street_Y" title="92nd Street Y">92nd Street Y</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a></li> <li>2020: Currahee Crest Award, <a href="/wiki/506th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="506th Infantry Regiment">506th Infantry Regiment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021–present">2021–present</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: 2021–present">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>2021: Leadership Award, The Voices Center for Resilience<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a></li> <li>2021: Top Voices in the Military Community, LinkedIn<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a></li> <li>2022: Decoration Commemorating 200 Years of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Colombia and USA Grade of Grand Cross, The Embassy of Colombia-US<a href="#cite_note-The_Embassy_of_Colombia-US-327">[327]</a></li> <li>2022: American History Award, The Union League Club of New York<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a></li> <li>2022: Sanctioned by Russia for support of Ukraine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a></li> <li>2022: Veteran Leadership Award, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a></li> <li>2023: Kissinger Senior Fellow, Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a></li> <li>2023: The 21 Greatest Generals in American History<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a></li> <li>2023: C3 Global Valor Award<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a></li> <li>2023: Dickinson College President's Award <a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a></li> <li>2023: U.S.-Arab Bridge Building Award<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a></li> <li>2024: Ticonderoga Award for a Continental Vision<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a></li> <li>2024: HBS Club of D.C. Lifetime Achievement Award<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a></li> <li>2024: Rescuer of Humanity Award<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_recognition">Additional recognition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Additional recognition">edit</a>]</div> In 2005, Petraeus was identified as one of America's top leaders by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usnews.com-383">[383]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named Petraeus one of the 100 most influential leaders and revolutionaries of the year as well as one of its four runners up for Time Person of the Year.<a href="#cite_note-time.com-384">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-Person_of_the_Year_2007-385">[385]</a> He was also named the second most influential American conservative by <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-386">[386]</a> as well as The Daily Telegraph's 2007 Man of the Year.<a href="#cite_note-http-387">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-spiegel.de-388">[388]</a> His Ph.D. dissertation, "The American Military and the Lessons of Vietnam: A Study of Military Influence and the Use of Force in the Post-Vietnam Era", published by <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1987, was number two on the list of best-selling dissertations in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> In 2008, a poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy (magazine)">Foreign Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a> magazines selected Petraeus as one of the world's top 100 public intellectuals.<a href="#cite_note-foreignpolicy.com-390">[390]</a> Also in 2008, the Static Line Association named Petraeus as its 2008 Airborne Man of the Year, and <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> named him "America's most respected soldier".<a href="#cite_note-red-devils.org-391">[391]</a> As 2008 came to a close, Newsweek named him the 16th most powerful person in the world in its December 20, 2008, edition,<a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-392">[392]</a> and Prospect magazine named him the "Public Intellectual of the Year".<a href="#cite_note-prospect-magazine.co.uk-393">[393]</a> He was also named as one of the "75 Best People in the World" in the October 2009 issue of <a href="/wiki/Esquire_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Esquire magazine">Esquire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-esquire.com-394">[394]</a> On March 7, 2009, Petraeus received the Distinguished Citizen Award from the Congressional Medal of Honor Society at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> Gen. David H. Petraeus, the top U.S. commander in the war against terrorism in the Middle East and Central Asia, was the spring commencement convocation speaker at Texas A&M University on May 13, a relatively new practice at Texas A & M.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> On December 9, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> picked Petraeus for the Most Fascinating Person of 2010. Walters called the top commander in Afghanistan "an American hero".<a href="#cite_note-Barbara_Walters-398">[398]</a> Petraeus was chosen as "one of Time magazine's 50 "People Who Mattered" in December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> The same year he was named number 12 of 50 people who mattered in 2010 by the New Statesmen magazine,<a href="#cite_note-newstatesman.com-400">[400]</a> and Petraeus was listed as number 8 of 100 <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> Top 100 Global Thinkers for 2011.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a> annual survey presents the most influential people from pop stars and dissident activists to tech gurus and heads of state, the people doing most to shape our world keep changing. September 26, 2011, Petraeus was listed as number 2 of the 50 for 2011.<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> The Association of Special Operations Professionals named Petraeus as its 2011 Man of the Year for 2011, and was presented the award at Ft. Bragg on November 2, 2011, at its annual Special Operations Exposition.<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> In January 2012, Petraeus was named one of "The 50 Most Powerful People in Washington" by <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> Petraeus was inducted January 29, 2012, into the Reserve Officers Association's (ROA) Minuteman Hall of Fame as the 2011 Inductee during the 2012 ROA National Security Symposium.<a href="#cite_note-roa-405">[405]</a> The German Order of Merit was presented to Petraeus February 14, by the German Secretary of Defense Thomas de Maizière. According to de Maizière, he is an "outstanding strategist and a true friend of the German people".<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> On March 16, 2012, the Dutch minister of defense Hans Hillen knighted Petraeus at the Hague with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Order of Orange-Nassau">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau</a> with swords. The Minister thanked Petraeus in his speech for his, "unconditional support to the Dutch troops and for being a driving force behind a successful mission. Through his personal efforts for cooperation between the Netherlands and America, the Netherlands could achieve significant operational successes with the Task Force Uruzgan."<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> In 2012, Petraeus received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> The following year, in 2013, the <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a> established the Petraeus-Hertog Lecture Leadership Library series.<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> Petraeus was featured alongside 18 other graduates of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> in West Point Leadership: Profiles of Courage, a collection of leadership biographies published in 2013."<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> Captured correspondence from <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> "Letters from Abbottabad"<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> revealed that in May 2010, Bin Laden wanted to target President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and General Petraeus. Bin Laden wrote: "The reason for concentrating on them is that Obama is the head of infidelity and killing him automatically will make Biden take over the presidency for the remainder of the term, as it is the norm over there. Biden is totally unprepared for that post, which will lead the U.S. into a crisis." It further went on to say, "As for Petraeus, he is the man of the hour in this last year of the war, and killing him would alter the war's path."<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> Petraeus and Dr. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> were the inaugural recipients of the Recanati-Kaplan Award for Civic Excellence and Cultural Engagement, presented by the <a href="/wiki/92nd_Street_Y" title="92nd Street Y">92nd Street Y</a> on May 19, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> 92Y later established an Online Master Class in Leadership featuring a library series of lectures by Petraeus.<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> On November 19, 2020, General Petraeus became the first American military professional to deliver the annual Lee Knowles Lecture at Cambridge University's Trinity College.<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> On December 7, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a> launched "The General David H. Petraeus Center for Emerging Leaders" to offer new educational and professional development programs to its students. Petraeus has been on the board of ISW since November 2013.<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_by_David_Petraeus">Works by David Petraeus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Works by David Petraeus">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speeches,_public_remarks,_interviews,_and_op-eds">Speeches, public remarks, interviews, and op-eds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Speeches, public remarks, interviews, and op-eds">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>National Committee on American Foreign Policy George F. Kennan Award Acceptance Remarks. American Foreign Policy Interests, 31(4) July/August 2009.</li> <li>"The Foreign Policy Interview with Gen. David H. Petraeus", Foreign Policy January/February 2009.<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2009" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/news/2009/05/31/2009-baccalaureate-remarks">"2009 Baccalaureate Remarks"</a>. Princeton University (published May 31, 2009).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Princeton+University&rft.atitle=2009+Baccalaureate+Remarks&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fnews%2F2009%2F05%2F31%2F2009-baccalaureate-remarks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>"The Surge: The Whole Story 2009.<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARq2kLj8aL0">"Remarks by General David H. Petraeus (Days of Remembrance 2010)"</a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. March 26, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ARq2kLj8aL0">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+by+General+David+H.+Petraeus+%28Days+of+Remembrance+2010%29&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DARq2kLj8aL0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>"Institutionalizing Change: Transformation in the US Army, 2005–2007", at the May 2010 <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a> annual dinner.<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusGoodfriend2013" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H.; Goodfriend, Sydney E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324789504578380810502357772">"Training Veterans for Their Next Mission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> (published March 26, 2013).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Training+Veterans+for+Their+Next+Mission&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Goodfriend%2C+Sydney+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887324789504578380810502357772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusO'Hanlon2013" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H.; O'Hanlon, Michael (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/david-petraeus-and-michael-ohanlon-a-new-american-renaissance/2013/04/07/d821bf0e-9d52-11e2-a941-a19bce7af755_story.html">"An American future filled with promise"</a>. The Washington Post (published April 7, 2013).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=An+American+future+filled+with+promise&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=O%27Hanlon%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fdavid-petraeus-and-michael-ohanlon-a-new-american-renaissance%2F2013%2F04%2F07%2Fd821bf0e-9d52-11e2-a941-a19bce7af755_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusO'Hanlon2013" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H.; O'Hanlon, Michael (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2013/04/david-petraeus-defense-diplomacy-soft-power-90781.html">"Fund – don't cut U.S. soft power"</a>. Politico. Arlington, Va. 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Foreign Policy (published October 29, 2013). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/10/29/david_petraeus_how_we_won_the_surge_in_iraq?page=full">the original</a> on July 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=How+we+won+in+Iraq%3A+And+why+all+the+hard-won+gains+of+the+surge+are+in+grave+danger+of+being+lost+today&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F10%2F29%2Fdavid_petraeus_how_we_won_the_surge_in_iraq%3Fpage%3Dfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusZoellick2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Petraeus, David H.; Zoellick, Robert (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140940/david-petraeus-and-robert-zoellick/perfect-partners">"Perfect Partners"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/gmtl/3446651/The-Case-for-the-Trans-Pacific-Partnership.html">the original</a> on April 25, 2015. 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The Telegraph (published March 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/eureferendum/12205094/David-Petraeus-Brexit-would-weaken-the-Wests-war-on-terror.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Brexit+would+weaken+the+West%27s+war+on+terror&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Feureferendum%2F12205094%2FDavid-Petraeus-Brexit-would-weaken-the-Wests-war-on-terror.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2016" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H. 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Boston Web Group (published May 25, 2016).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Web+Group&rft.atitle=Native+son+John+Galvin+laid+to+rest&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocalheadlinenews.com%2Fnative-son-john-galvin-laid-to-rest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2016" class="citation book cs1">Patel, Deep K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://posthillpress.com/book/a-paperboys-fable-the-11-principles-of-success">A Paperboy's Fable: The 11 Principles of Success</a>. 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Aspen Ideas (published June 29, 2017).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Around+the+World+in+60+Minutes&rft.pub=Aspen+Ideas&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspenideas.org%2Fsession%2Faround-world-60-minutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabich2018" class="citation news cs1">Babich, Jennifer. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theleafchronicle.com/story/news/local/fort-campbell/2018/10/02/general-david-petreaus-fort-campbell-101st-airborne-division/1434072002/">"Gen. David Petraeus recalls being shot while commanding at Fort Campbell"</a>. 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The CEO Forum (published October 2018).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Leadership+Issue&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=Robert.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheceoforumgroup.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F10%2Fleadership_whole_sm-compressed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusWhitehouse2019" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David; Whitehouse, Sheldon (March 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/03/08/putin-other-authoritarians-corruption-is-weapon-weakness/">"Putin and other authoritarians' corruption is a weapon – and a weakness"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Putin+and+other+authoritarians%27+corruption+is+a+weapon+%E2%80%93+and+a+weakness&rft.date=2019-03-08&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whitehouse%2C+Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2019%2F03%2F08%2Fputin-other-authoritarians-corruption-is-weapon-weakness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326180937/https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/cbs-radio-news/intelligence-matters/e/59514982">"David Petraeus Offers Big Ideas for Leadership, Foreign Policy"</a>. Intelligence Matters. CBS News Radio. March 19, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/cbs-radio-news/intelligence-matters/e/59514982">the original</a> on March 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+Matters&rft.atitle=David+Petraeus+Offers+Big+Ideas+for+Leadership%2C+Foreign+Policy&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stitcher.com%2Fpodcast%2Fcbs-radio-news%2Fintelligence-matters%2Fe%2F59514982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Raz2019" class="citation podcast cs1">Guy Raz (May 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/general-david-petraeus/id1460154838?i=1000438946682">"General David Petraeus"</a>. Wisdom From the Top (Podcast). Built-It Productions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+David+Petraeus&rft.pub=Built-It+Productions&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.au=Guy+Raz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpodcasts.apple.com%2Fus%2Fpodcast%2Fgeneral-david-petraeus%2Fid1460154838%3Fi%3D1000438946682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation podcast cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/general-david-petraeus/id1460154838?i=1000438946682">"General David Petraeus: The Perils of Victory"</a>. What It Takes (Podcast). Academy of Achievement. June 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+David+Petraeus%3A+The+Perils+of+Victory&rft.pub=Academy+of+Achievement&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpodcasts.apple.com%2Fus%2Fpodcast%2Fgeneral-david-petraeus%2Fid1460154838%3Fi%3D1000438946682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusSerchuk2020" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David; Serchuk, Vance (April 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/afghanistan/2020-04-01/can-america-trust-taliban-prevent-another-911">"Can America Trust the Taliban to Prevent Another 9/11?"</a>. Foreign Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Can+America+Trust+the+Taliban+to+Prevent+Another+9%2F11%3F&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Serchuk%2C+Vance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fafghanistan%2F2020-04-01%2Fcan-america-trust-taliban-prevent-another-911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubenstein2020" class="citation news cs1">Rubenstein, David (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/How-to-Lead/David-M-Rubenstein/9781982132156">"How to Lead: Wisdom from the World's Greatest CEOs, Founders, and Game Changers"</a>. Simon and Schuster (published September 1, 2020). pp. 223–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+to+Lead%3A+Wisdom+from+the+World%27s+Greatest+CEOs%2C+Founders%2C+and+Game+Changers&rft.pages=223-41&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fbooks%2FHow-to-Lead%2FDavid-M-Rubenstein%2F9781982132156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2020" class="citation web cs1">Petraeus, David (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://changemakers.works/podcasts/general-david-petraeus/">"General David Petraeus – Why fortune favours the prepared mind: how to surge your ideas"</a>. ChangeMakers (published September 25, 2020).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+David+Petraeus+%E2%80%93+Why+fortune+favours+the+prepared+mind%3A+how+to+surge+your+ideas&rft.pub=ChangeMakers&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchangemakers.works%2Fpodcasts%2Fgeneral-david-petraeus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusShulkinButler2021" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David; Shulkin, David; Butler, Jeremy (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/memorial-day-appeal-congress-help-service-members-toxic-burn-pit-ncna1269033">"A Memorial Day appeal to Congress: Help service members with toxic burn pit exposure"</a>. NBC News (published May 30, 2021).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=A+Memorial+Day+appeal+to+Congress%3A+Help+service+members+with+toxic+burn+pit+exposure&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Shulkin%2C+David&rft.au=Butler%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fthink%2Fopinion%2Fmemorial-day-appeal-congress-help-service-members-toxic-burn-pit-ncna1269033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2021" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/david-petraeus-taliban-momentum-afghanistan">"Gen. David Petraeus says the 'Taliban has the momentum' in Afghanistan"</a>. Fox News (published July 24, 2021).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Gen.+David+Petraeus+says+the+%27Taliban+has+the+momentum%27+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fmedia%2Fdavid-petraeus-taliban-momentum-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2021" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niAydSyjWr0">"Gen. David Petraeus: Not Inconceivable For US to Recognize Taliban Government"</a>. Amanpour and Company (published September 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/niAydSyjWr0">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amanpour+and+Company&rft.atitle=Gen.+David+Petraeus%3A+Not+Inconceivable+For+US+to+Recognize+Taliban+Government&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DniAydSyjWr0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisPetraeus2021" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Lewis, Duncan; Petraeus, David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ussc.edu.au/events/twenty-years-since-911-with-duncan-lewis-and-general-david-petraeus">Twenty years since 9/11 with Major General Duncan Lewis and General David Petraeus</a>. United States Studies Centre (published September 10, 2021). Retrieved February 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twenty+years+since+9%2F11+with+Major+General+Duncan+Lewis+and+General+David+Petraeus&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.au=Petraeus%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ussc.edu.au%2Fevents%2Ftwenty-years-since-911-with-duncan-lewis-and-general-david-petraeus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2021" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Petraeus, David (December 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXj_nyXq14I">Leadership Forged in Fire - General Petraeus</a>. GovCon. Retrieved February 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leadership+Forged+in+Fire+-+General+Petraeus&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSXj_nyXq14I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStillwell2021" class="citation web cs1">Stillwell, Blake (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wearethemighty.com/popular/petraeus-shot-returned-in-days/">"General Petraeus returned to duty days after being shot in the chest with an M-16"</a>. We Are The Mighty (published January 31, 2021).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Petraeus+returned+to+duty+days+after+being+shot+in+the+chest+with+an+M-16&rft.pub=We+Are+The+Mighty&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Stillwell&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wearethemighty.com%2Fpopular%2Fpetraeus-shot-returned-in-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusChernowWhite2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Petraeus, David; Chernow, Ronald; White, Ronald (April 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?519638-1/ulysses-grant-bicentennial-dinner">The Presidency Ulysses Grant Bicentennial Dinner</a>. C-Span. Retrieved June 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+Ulysses+Grant+Bicentennial+Dinner&rft.date=2022-04-27&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Chernow%2C+Ronald&rft.au=White%2C+Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F519638-1%2Fulysses-grant-bicentennial-dinner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2022/08/03/ex-cia-chief-petraeus-china-military-xi-jinping-pelosi-taiwan-trip-vpx.cnn">"Ex-CIA chief predicts Chinese President's next moves after Pelosi's Taiwan trip"</a>. CNN. August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-CIA+chief+predicts+Chinese+President%27s+next+moves+after+Pelosi%27s+Taiwan+trip&rft.date=2022-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2022%2F08%2F03%2Fex-cia-chief-petraeus-china-military-xi-jinping-pelosi-taiwan-trip-vpx.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2022" class="citation web cs1">Petraeus, David (August 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/08/us-withdrawal-afghanistan-strategy-shortcomings/670980/">"Afghanistan Did Not Have to Turn Out This Way"</a>. The Atlantic. Retrieved August 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+Did+Not+Have+to+Turn+Out+This+Way&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2022%2F08%2Fus-withdrawal-afghanistan-strategy-shortcomings%2F670980%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6h--3wTmLSw">"Putin's annexation announcement significant, but it's also desperate': Petraeus"</a>. ABC News. October 2, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Putin%27s+annexation+announcement+significant%2C+but+it%27s+also+desperate%27%3A+Petraeus%22&rft.date=2022-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6h--3wTmLSw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurak2022" class="citation news cs1">Turak, Natasha (October 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/04/biggest-fear-in-the-russia-ukraine-conflict-is-escalation-spiraling-out-of-control-petraeus.html">"Ex-CIA chief's greatest concern in the Russia-Ukraine conflict is escalation 'spiraling out of control'"</a>. CNBC News. Retrieved October 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-CIA+chief%27s+greatest+concern+in+the+Russia-Ukraine+conflict+is+escalation+%27spiraling+out+of+control%27&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft.aulast=Turak&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F10%2F04%2Fbiggest-fear-in-the-russia-ukraine-conflict-is-escalation-spiraling-out-of-control-petraeus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuratore2023" class="citation news cs1">Muratore, Andrea (February 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insideover.com/war/putin-has-made-nato-great-again-a-dialogue-with-general-petraeus.html">"Putin Has Made NATO Great Again: A Dialogue With David Petraeus"</a>. Inside Over. Retrieved February 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+Has+Made+NATO+Great+Again%3A+A+Dialogue+With+David+Petraeus&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft.aulast=Muratore&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideover.com%2Fwar%2Fputin-has-made-nato-great-again-a-dialogue-with-general-petraeus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?525876-1/intelligence-officials-testify-national-security#">"Former Intelligence Officials Testify on National Security"</a>. C-Span. February 8, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Intelligence+Officials+Testify+on+National+Security&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F525876-1%2Fintelligence-officials-testify-national-security%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLippman2023" class="citation news cs1">Lippman, Daniel (March 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/global-insider/2023/03/24/petraeus-on-the-legacy-of-the-iraq-invasion-00088655">"Petraeus on the legacy of the Iraq invasion"</a>. Politico. Retrieved March 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Petraeus+on+the+legacy+of+the+Iraq+invasion&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft.aulast=Lippman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnewsletters%2Fglobal-insider%2F2023%2F03%2F24%2Fpetraeus-on-the-legacy-of-the-iraq-invasion-00088655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aF_-J5n1RU">"America and the Taliban: Part One"</a>. YouTube. FrontLine PBS. April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=America+and+the+Taliban%3A+Part+One&rft.date=2023-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D0aF_-J5n1RU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/twenty-years-after-saddam-future-us-iraq-relationship-conversation-david-petraeus">"Twenty Years After Saddam: The Future of the U.S.-Iraq Relationship A Conversation with David Petraeus"</a>. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved April 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.atitle=Twenty+Years+After+Saddam%3A+The+Future+of+the+U.S.-Iraq+Relationship+A+Conversation+with+David+Petraeus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Ftwenty-years-after-saddam-future-us-iraq-relationship-conversation-david-petraeus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTavberidze2023" class="citation news cs1">Tavberidze, Vazha (April 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/petraeus-interview-ukraine-russia-putin/32369104.html">"Ukraine War A Clear-Cut Case Of 'Right Versus Wrong,' Says Petraeus"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved April 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Ukraine+War+A+Clear-Cut+Case+Of+%27Right+Versus+Wrong%2C%27+Says+Petraeus&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Tavberidze&rft.aufirst=Vazha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fpetraeus-interview-ukraine-russia-putin%2F32369104.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen" class="citation book cs1">Bergen, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audible.com/pd/Episode-2-What-Keeps-General-David-Petraeus-Up-at-Night-Podcast/B0BZ31R1LZ">Episode 2: What Keeps General David Petraeus Up at Night?</a>. In The Room with Peter Bergen. Retrieved May 24, 2023 – via Audible.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Episode+2%3A+What+Keeps+General+David+Petraeus+Up+at+Night%3F&rft.pub=In+The+Room+with+Peter+Bergen&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.audible.com%2Fpd%2FEpisode-2-What-Keeps-General-David-Petraeus-Up-at-Night-Podcast%2FB0BZ31R1LZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T4_keLMHa0">"Retired Army General weighs in after anti-Putin Russians claim Belgorod attack"</a>. CNN. Retrieved May 26, 2023 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Retired+Army+General+weighs+in+after+anti-Putin+Russians+claim+Belgorod+attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3T4_keLMHa0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_and_other_works">Academic and other works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Academic and other works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenzWillbanksPetraeusStuart1983" class="citation report cs1">Lorenz, G. C.; Willbanks, James H.; Petraeus, David H.; Stuart, Paul A.; Crittenden, Burr L.; George, Dewey P. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA139612">Operation Junction City, Vietnam 1967: battle book</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Ft. Leavenworth, KS</a>: Combat Studies Institute. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15637627">15637627</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">Defense Technical Information Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Operation+Junction+City%2C+Vietnam+1967%3A+battle+book&rft.place=Ft.+Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15637627&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=G.+C.&rft.au=Willbanks%2C+James+H.&rft.au=Petraeus%2C+David+H.&rft.au=Stuart%2C+Paul+A.&rft.au=Crittenden%2C+Burr+L.&rft.au=George%2C+Dewey+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fcitations%2FADA139612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Petraeus, David H. (1983). "What is Wrong with a Nuclear Freeze", Military Review v.63:49–64, November 1983.</li> <li>Petraeus, David H. (1984). "Light Infantry in Europe: Strategic Flexibility and Conventional Deterrence", Military Review v.64:33–55, December 1984.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus1985" class="citation journal cs1">Petraeus, David H. (1985). "Review of Richard A. Gabriel's The Antagonists: A Comparative Combat Assessment of the Soviet and American Soldier". Military Affairs. 49 (1). Lexington, Va.: <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Military_History" title="Society for Military History">Society for Military History</a> (published January 1985): 17–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1988272">10.2307/1988272</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1988272">1988272</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37032240">37032240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=Review+of+Richard+A.+Gabriel%27s+The+Antagonists%3A+A+Comparative+Combat+Assessment+of+the+Soviet+and+American+Soldier&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-22&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37032240&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1988272%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1988272&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Petraeus, David H. (1986), "Lessons of history and lessons of Vietnam", Parameters (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College) 16(3): 43–53, Autumn 1986.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/12/AR2007011201955_pf.html">Petraeus on Vietnam's Legacy</a>, Rachel Dry, The Washington Post, January 14, 2007, excerpts from Petraeus's doctoral dissertation, "The American Military and the Lessons of Vietnam".</li> <li>Clark, Asa A., Kaufman, Daniel J., and Petraeus, David H. (1987). "Why an Army?" Army Magazine v38(2)26–34, February 1987.</li> <li>Petraeus, David H. (1987). "El Salvador and the Vietnam Analogy", Armed Force Journal International, February 1987.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorPetraeus1987" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, William J. Jr.; Petraeus, David H. (1987). "The legacy of Vietnam for the U.S. military". In Osborn, George K. (ed.). Democracy, strategy, and Vietnam: implications for American policy making. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-669-16340-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-669-16340-7"><bdi>978-0-669-16340-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15518468">15518468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+legacy+of+Vietnam+for+the+U.S.+military&rft.btitle=Democracy%2C+strategy%2C+and+Vietnam%3A+implications+for+American+policy+making&rft.place=Lexington%2C+MA&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15518468&rft.isbn=978-0-669-16340-7&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=William+J.+Jr.&rft.au=Petraeus%2C+David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus1987" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H. (1987). "Korea, the Never-Again Club, and Indochina". <a href="/wiki/Parameters_(journal)" title="Parameters (journal)">Parameters</a>. Vol. 17, no. 4. <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_PA" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, PA">Carlisle, PA</a>: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_War_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army War College">U.S. Army War College</a> (published December 1987). pp. 59–70. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-1723">0031-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1039883">1039883</a>. SuDoc No. D 101.72:17/4, GPO Item No. 0325-K, <a href="/wiki/PURL" class="mw-redirect" title="PURL">PURL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.access.gpo.gov/gpo/LPS1511">LPS1511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parameters&rft.atitle=Korea%2C+the+Never-Again+Club%2C+and+Indochina&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=59-70&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1039883&rft.issn=0031-1723&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Golden, James R.; Kaufman, Daniel J.; Clark, Asa A.; Petraeus, David H. (Eds) (1989), NATO at Forty: Change Continuity, & Prospects. Westview Press</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus1989" class="citation journal cs1">Petraeus, David H. (Summer 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1235548">"Military Influence And the Post-Vietnam Use of Force"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_%26_Society" title="Armed Forces & Society">Armed Forces & Society</a>. 15 (4): 489–505. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095327X8901500402">10.1177/0095327X8901500402</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49621350">49621350</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145680799">145680799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Military+Influence+And+the+Post-Vietnam+Use+of+Force&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=489-505&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49621350&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145680799%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0095327X8901500402&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1235548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusBrennan1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Petraeus, David H.; Brennan, Robert A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001309/https://www.benning.army.mil/magazine/1997/1997_1/index.htm">"Walk and Shoot Training"</a>. Infantry Magazine. Vol. 87, no. 1 (published January–February 1997). pp. 36–40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.benning.army.mil/magazine/1997/1997_1/index.htm">the original</a> on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infantry+Magazine&rft.atitle=Walk+and+Shoot+Training&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=36-40&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Brennan%2C+Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.benning.army.mil%2Fmagazine%2F1997%2F1997_1%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusCarrAbercrombie1997" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H.; Carr, Damian P.; Abercrombie, John C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927130233/http://sill-www.army.mil/FAMAG/1997/MAY_JUN_1997/MAY_JUN_1997_PAGES_3_5.pdf">"Why We Need FISTs – Never Send a Man When You Can Send a Bullet"</a> (PDF). Field Artillery. Vol. 1997, no. 3. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill,_OK" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Sill, OK">Fort Sill, OK</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Field_Artillery_School" title="United States Army Field Artillery School">U.S. Army Field Artillery School</a> (published May–June 1997). pp. 3–5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-2525">0899-2525</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16516511">16516511</a>. HQDA PB6-97-3, USPS 309-010, <a href="/wiki/PURL" class="mw-redirect" title="PURL">PURL</a>, SuDoc No. D 101.77/2: 1997/3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sill-www.army.mil/FAMAG/1997/MAY_JUN_1997/MAY_JUN_1997_PAGES_3_5.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Field+Artillery&rft.atitle=Why+We+Need+FISTs+%E2%80%93+Never+Send+a+Man+When+You+Can+Send+a+Bullet&rft.volume=1997&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3-5&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16516511&rft.issn=0899-2525&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Carr%2C+Damian+P.&rft.au=Abercrombie%2C+John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsill-www.army.mil%2FFAMAG%2F1997%2FMAY_JUN_1997%2FMAY_JUN_1997_PAGES_3_5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988">,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414120346/http://www.ciaonet.org/pbei/winep/policy_2004/2004_855/2004_855.html">"Lessons of the Iraq War and Its Aftermath"</a>. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 2004. 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(2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026203933/http://www.ausa.org/webpub/DeptGreenBook.nsf/byid/WEBP-77GMHX/%24File/Petraeus.pdf?OpenElement">"Iraq: Progress in the Face of Challenge"</a> (PDF). Army Magazine. Vol. 57, no. 10. Arlington, Va.: <a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Association of the United States Army">Association of the United States Army</a> (published October 2007). pp. 115–23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ausa.org/webpub/DeptGreenBook.nsf/byid/WEBP-77GMHX/%24File/Petraeus.pdf?OpenElement">the original</a> (PDF) on October 26, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Army+Magazine&rft.atitle=Iraq%3A+Progress+in+the+Face+of+Challenge&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=115-23&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausa.org%2Fwebpub%2FDeptGreenBook.nsf%2Fbyid%2FWEBP-77GMHX%2F%2524File%2FPetraeus.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2010" class="citation journal cs1">Petraeus, David H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1758-5899.2009.00003.x">"Counterinsurgency Concepts: What We Learned in Iraq"</a>. Global Policy. 1 (1): 116–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1758-5899.2009.00003.x">10.1111/j.1758-5899.2009.00003.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Policy&rft.atitle=Counterinsurgency+Concepts%3A+What+We+Learned+in+Iraq&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=116-17&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1758-5899.2009.00003.x&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1758-5899.2009.00003.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Petraeus, David H. (2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611225349/http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/apr10/petraeus.pdf">"Shoulder to shoulder in Afghanistan"</a>, Policy Options, April 2010.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2011" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430211514/http://www.ausa.org/publications/armymagazine/archive/2011/4/Documents/FC_Petraeus_0411.pdf">"Ryan C. Crocker: Diplomat and Partner Extraordinaire"</a> (PDF). Army Magazine. Vol. 61, no. 4. Arlington, Va.: <a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Association of the United States Army">Association of the United States Army</a> (published April 2011). pp. 16, 18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ausa.org/publications/armymagazine/archive/2011/4/Documents/FC_Petraeus_0411.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Army+Magazine&rft.atitle=Ryan+C.+Crocker%3A+Diplomat+and+Partner+Extraordinaire&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=16%2C+18&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausa.org%2Fpublications%2Farmymagazine%2Farchive%2F2011%2F4%2FDocuments%2FFC_Petraeus_0411.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2012" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David H. (Summer–Fall 2012). "CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology, In-Q-Tel, and the Private Sector". Intelligencer: Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies. Falls Church, Va.: Association of Former Intelligence Officers. pp. 7–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligencer%3A+Journal+of+U.S.+Intelligence+Studies&rft.atitle=CIA%27s+Directorate+of+Science+and+Technology%2C+In-Q-Tel%2C+and+the+Private+Sector&rft.chron=summer%E2%80%93fall&rft.pages=7-10&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusCrocker" class="citation web cs1">Petraeus, David; Crocker, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soundcloud.com/user-309409883/the-general-the-ambassador-a-conversation-episode-1/s-08Mqe">"The General and the Ambassador: General David Petraeus, Ambassador Ryan Crocker"</a>. SoundCloud. Academy of Diplomacy. Retrieved May 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SoundCloud&rft.atitle=The+General+and+the+Ambassador%3A+General+David+Petraeus%2C+Ambassador+Ryan+Crocker&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Crocker%2C+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoundcloud.com%2Fuser-309409883%2Fthe-general-the-ambassador-a-conversation-episode-1%2Fs-08Mqe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusCaruso2019" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David; Caruso, Philip (March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/coherence-and-comprehensiveness-american-foreign-policy-imperative">"Coherence and Comprehensiveness: An American Foreign Policy Imperative"</a>. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfer+Center+for+Science+and+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Coherence+and+Comprehensiveness%3A+An+American+Foreign+Policy+Imperative&rft.date=2019-03&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Caruso%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfercenter.org%2Fpublication%2Fcoherence-and-comprehensiveness-american-foreign-policy-imperative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusSerchuk2019" class="citation news cs1">Petraeus, David; Serchuk, Vance (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reaganfoundation.org/media/354713/petraeus-serchuk_d-day.pdf">"A Return to Pointe du Hoc: The Ideas that Defined President Reagan's Approach to the World and Why They Still Matter Today"</a> (PDF). Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ronald+Reagan+Presidential+Foundation+%26+Institute&rft.atitle=A+Return+to+Pointe+du+Hoc%3A+The+Ideas+that+Defined+President+Reagan%27s+Approach+to+the+World+and+Why+They+Still+Matter+Today&rft.date=2019-06&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Serchuk%2C+Vance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reaganfoundation.org%2Fmedia%2F354713%2Fpetraeus-serchuk_d-day.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2019" class="citation book cs1">Petraeus, David (September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberdefensereview.army.mil/Portals/6/Documents/CDR%20Journal%20Articles/CDR%20V4N2-Fall%202019.pdf">The Cyber Defense Review: A Conversation with General (Ret.) David H. Petraeus</a> (PDF). The Army Cyber Institute. pp. 15–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyber+Defense+Review%3A+A+Conversation+with+General+%28Ret.%29+David+H.+Petraeus&rft.pages=15-19&rft.pub=The+Army+Cyber+Institute&rft.date=2019-09&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberdefensereview.army.mil%2FPortals%2F6%2FDocuments%2FCDR%2520Journal%2520Articles%2FCDR%2520V4N2-Fall%25202019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeus2020" class="citation book cs1">Petraeus, David (October 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102082047/https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/2020/10/Foreign-Policy-2021-ePub.pdf">"Tell Me How This Ends"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/2020/10/Foreign-Policy-2021-ePub.pdf">Domestic & International (Dis)Order: A Strategic Response</a> (PDF). Aspen Strategy Group. pp. 109–14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/2020/11/Chapter-16_Petraeus_Tell-Me-How-This-Ends.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tell+Me+How+This+Ends&rft.btitle=Domestic+%26+International+%28Dis%29Order%3A+A+Strategic+Response&rft.pages=109-14&rft.pub=Aspen+Strategy+Group&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.aspeninstitute.org%2Fcontent%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FChapter-16_Petraeus_Tell-Me-How-This-Ends.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiresPetraeus2021" class="citation book cs1">Pires, Nuno L.; Petraeus, David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Holistic-Command-War-Wellington-Petraeus/dp/B08VM82XVN">Holistic Command of War: Wellington, Spínola and Petraeus</a>. Independently published. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-5817-7863-0" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-5817-7863-0"><bdi>979-8-5817-7863-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holistic+Command+of+War%3A+Wellington%2C+Sp%C3%ADnola+and+Petraeus&rft.pub=Independently+published&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=979-8-5817-7863-0&rft.aulast=Pires&rft.aufirst=Nuno+L.&rft.au=Petraeus%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FHolistic-Command-War-Wellington-Petraeus%2Fdp%2FB08VM82XVN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusWoodson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Petraeus, David; Woodson, Chuck (April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nps.edu/documents/110773463/129998876/Vol11N02-Web-vFinal+%281%29.pdf/">"The CTX Interview General David Petraeus, US Army, retired"</a>. CTX. 2 (2): 36–47. Retrieved July 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTX&rft.atitle=The+CTX+Interview+General+David+Petraeus%2C+US+Army%2C+retired&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=36-47&rft.date=2021-04&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Woodson%2C+Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnps.edu%2Fdocuments%2F110773463%2F129998876%2FVol11N02-Web-vFinal%2B%25281%2529.pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillionPetraeus2023" class="citation web cs1">McMillion, Joshua; Petraeus, David (May 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talesofleadership.buzzsprout.com/2023820/12796646-e36-general-david-h-petraeus">"E36 General David H.Petraeus"</a>. Tales of Leadership. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E36+General+David+H.Petraeus&rft.pub=Tales+of+Leadership&rft.date=2023-05-29&rft.aulast=McMillion&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.au=Petraeus%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftalesofleadership.buzzsprout.com%2F2023820%2F12796646-e36-general-david-h-petraeus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_book">Published book</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Published book">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetraeusRoberts2023" class="citation book cs1">Petraeus, David; Roberts, Andrew (October 17, 2023). Conflict: The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Ukraine. Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-329313-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-329313-7"><bdi>978-0-06-329313-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict%3A+The+Evolution+of+Warfare+from+1945+to+Ukraine&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.isbn=978-0-06-329313-7&rft.aulast=Petraeus&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988">"Conflict" was No. 13 on The New York Times best seller list for the week of November 5, 2023, and #12 on USA Today's best seller list the week of October 25, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a> It was named Aspects of History's Book of the Year in 2023 and appeared on Publishers Weekly's best seller list on November 3, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a> It was included in The National Business Review's annual selection of summer reading on December 24, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> It was listed under "Best Reads Of 2023" by: <ul><li>The Cipher Brief | December 17 <a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a></li> <li>Foreign Policy Research Institute | December 26 <a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a></li> <li>Modern War Institute | December 29 <a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> </li></ul></li></ul></div> Petraeus appeared at the 2024 New Orleans Book Festival and spoke with ex-Mayor Mitch Landrieu about Conflict and the evolution of warfare.<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_event" title="Hood event">Hood event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">Iraq War troop surge of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes">List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoveOn.org_ad_controversy" title="MoveOn.org ad controversy">MoveOn.org ad controversy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-newyorker.com-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newyorker.com_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newyorker.com_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/09/08/the-generals-dilemma">"The General's Dilemma"</a>. The New Yorker. September 8, 2008. <q>Petraeus is registered to vote as a Republican in New Hampshire—he once described himself to a friend as a northeastern Republican, in the tradition of Nelson Rockefeller—but he said that around 2002 after he became a two-star general, he stopped voting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+General%27s+Dilemma&rft.date=2008-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2008%2F09%2F08%2Fthe-generals-dilemma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunch_with_FT-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Lunch_with_FT_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e9104f78-11fe-11e6-91da-096d89bd2173?ftcamp=published_links%2Frss%2Flife-arts_lunch-with-the-ft%2Ffeed%2F%2Fproduct">"Lunch with the FT: David Petraeus"</a>. Financial Times. May 6, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2016. <q>'I'm completely non-partisan,' Petraeus continues.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Lunch+with+the+FT%3A+David+Petraeus&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe9104f78-11fe-11e6-91da-096d89bd2173%3Fftcamp%3Dpublished_links%252Frss%252Flife-arts_lunch-with-the-ft%252Ffeed%252F%252Fproduct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2011/09/06/petraeus-sworn-into-cia.cnn?iref=allsearch">"Petraeus sworn in as CIA director"</a>. CNN. Retrieved September 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Petraeus+sworn+in+as+CIA+director&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideo%2F%23%2Fvideo%2Fus%2F2011%2F09%2F06%2Fpetraeus-sworn-into-cia.cnn%3Firef%3Dallsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2012" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Kevin (November 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/09/david-petraeus-cia-resign-nbc/1695271/">"David Petraeus resigns from CIA"</a>. USA Today. Retrieved November 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=David+Petraeus+resigns+from+CIA&rft.date=2012-11-09&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2012%2F11%2F09%2Fdavid-petraeus-cia-resign-nbc%2F1695271%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Change_in_command-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Change_in_command_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=51170">"Gates Notes Shift in Mission as Iraq Command Changes Hands"</a>. Defenselink.mil. Retrieved July 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gates+Notes+Shift+in+Mission+as+Iraq+Command+Changes+Hands&rft.pub=Defenselink.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D51170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolusha2007" class="citation news cs1">Holusha, John (January 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/world/middleeast/23cnd-general.html">"General Calls Iraq Situation Dire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=General+Calls+Iraq+Situation+Dire&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft.aulast=Holusha&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F23cnd-general.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2007" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Michael (January 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/05/world/middleeast/05military.html">"Bush to Name a New General to Oversee Iraq"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bush+to+Name+a+New+General+to+Oversee+Iraq&rft.date=2007-01-05&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F05%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F05military.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20081201125841/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-petraeusbox9sep09,0,3096741.story?coll=la-headlines-nation">"Profile: Gen. David Petraeus"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-petraeusbox9sep09,0,3096741.story?coll=la-headlines-nation">the original</a> on December 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Gen.+David+Petraeus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fnation%2Fla-na-petraeusbox9sep09%2C0%2C3096741.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-headlines-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111019190931/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/david-h.-petraeus.html">"David H. Petraeus – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. CIA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/david-h.-petraeus.html">the original</a> on October 19, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+H.+Petraeus+%E2%80%93+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fabout-cia%2Fleadership%2Fdavid-h.-petraeus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jackson.yale.edu/about/meet-us/senior-fellows/overview/">"Overview – Yale Jackson Institute for Global Affairs"</a>. Retrieved January 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+%E2%80%93+Yale+Jackson+Institute+for+Global+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjackson.yale.edu%2Fabout%2Fmeet-us%2Fsenior-fellows%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-11"><a href="#cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHames2008" class="citation news cs1">Hames, Tim (February 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080212211617/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/tim_hames/article3345681.ece">"McCain and Petraeus the dream ticket"</a>. The Times. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/tim_hames/article3345681.ece">the original</a> on February 12, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=McCain+and+Petraeus+the+dream+ticket&rft.date=2008-02-11&rft.aulast=Hames&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fcomment%2Fcolumnists%2Ftim_hames%2Farticle3345681.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-12"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/06/weekinreview/06myers.html">"Generally Speaking"</a>. The New York Times. April 6, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Generally+Speaking&rft.date=2008-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F04%2F06%2Fweekinreview%2F06myers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSNBC-13"><a href="#cite_ref-MSNBC_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22379099">"Petraeus says he's not interested in presidency"</a>. NBC News. December 23, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Petraeus+says+he%27s+not+interested+in+presidency&rft.date=2007-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna22379099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/top/all/7076132.html">"Obama replaces McChrystal with Petraeus"</a>. Houston Chronicle. June 23, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Obama+replaces+McChrystal+with+Petraeus&rft.date=2010-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Fap%2Ftop%2Fall%2F7076132.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes1-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes1_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes1_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_HeleneShanker,_ThomFilkins,_Dexter2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helene_Cooper" title="Helene Cooper">Cooper, Helene</a>; Shanker, Thom; <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Filkins" title="Dexter Filkins">Filkins, Dexter</a> (June 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/24/us/politics/24mcchrystal.html">"Gen. 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(April 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/obama-announces-changes-to-national-security-team/?ref=politics">"Obama Announces Changes to National Security Team"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Announces+Changes+to+National+Security+Team&rft.date=2011-04-28&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F28%2Fobama-announces-changes-to-national-security-team%2F%3Fref%3Dpolitics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_Hennessey2011" class="citation news cs1">Kathleen Hennessey (June 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-petraeus-confirmed-20110630,0,6226030.story">"Senate confirms David Petraeus as CIA director"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+confirms+David+Petraeus+as+CIA+director&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft.au=Kathleen+Hennessey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fla-pn-petraeus-confirmed-20110630%2C0%2C6226030.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> For the three Democrats and three Republicans who did not cast a vote on this confirmation, see <a href="/wiki/Confirmations_of_Barack_Obama%27s_Cabinet#Confirmation_roll_call_votes" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet">Obama confirmations, 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-2011/david-h.-petraeus-takes-helm-as-director-of-the-central-intelligence-agency.html">David H. Petraeus Takes Helm as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010071745/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-2011/david-h.-petraeus-takes-helm-as-director-of-the-central-intelligence-agency.html">Archived</a> October 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> cia.gov September 6, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-2011/vice-president-biden-visits-cia-headquarters-for-ceremony-with-director-petraeus.html">Vice President Biden Visits CIA Headquarters for Ceremony with Director Petraeus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010071925/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-2011/vice-president-biden-visits-cia-headquarters-for-ceremony-with-director-petraeus.html">Archived</a> October 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> cia.gov October 12, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTnov2-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTnov2_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTnov2_193-1">b</a> Scott Shane, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/world/africa/petraeuss-lower-profile-at-cia-leaves-void-in-benghazi-furor.html">Petraeus's Quieter Style at C.I.A. Leaves Void on Libya Furor</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> November 2, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroadwell2012" class="citation news cs1">Broadwell, Paula (November 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/general-david-petraeuss-rules-living-63791">"General David Petraeus's Rules for Living"</a>. Newsweek.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=General+David+Petraeus%27s+Rules+for+Living&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft.aulast=Broadwell&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fgeneral-david-petraeuss-rules-living-63791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> Adam Entous, Siobhan Gorman, and Margaret Coker <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204712904578092853621061838">CIA Takes Heat for Role in Libya</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> November 1, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPoNov12-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoNov12_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoNov12_196-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/petraeus-told-biographer-to-stop-harassing-family-friend-officials-say/2012/11/12/6ccb325c-2d00-11e2-a99d-5c4203af7b7a_story.html">Petraeus told biographer to stop harassing family friend, officials say</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> November 12, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/the-other-other-woman-florida-socialite-emerges-at-center-of-petraeus-scandal">"The other ... other woman: Florida housewife emerges at center of Petraeus scandal"</a> <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> November 13, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Scott Shane and Charlie Savage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/12/us/us-officials-say-petraeuss-affair-known-in-summer.html">Officials Say F.B.I. Knew of Petraeus Affair in the Summer</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> November 11, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/petraeus-resigns-after-affair-with-biographer-turned-up-in-fbi-probe-fox-news-confirms/">Petraeus resigns after affair with biographer turned up in FBI probe, Fox News confirms</a> Fox News, November 9, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/09/15056607-petraeus-biographer-paula-broadwell-under-fbi-investigation-over-access-to-his-email-law-enforcement-officials-say?lite">Petraeus' biographer Paula Broadwell under FBI investigation over access to his email, law enforcement officials say</a> NBC News, November 9, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> Kimberly Dozier and Pete Yost, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.apnews.com/ap/db_289563/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=VOlvNjF4">Petraeus shocked to hear of emails, associates say</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113030944/http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_289563/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=VOlvNjF4">Archived</a> November 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> November 12, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/holder-notified-of-petraeus-probe-in-late-summer-did-he-tell-anyone/">"Holder notified of Petraeus probe in late summer -- did he tell anyone?"</a>. 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November 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Holder+notified+of+Petraeus+probe+in+late+summer+--+did+he+tell+anyone%3F&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fholder-notified-of-petraeus-probe-in-late-summer-did-he-tell-anyone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> Sari Horwitz and Greg Miller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-probe-of-petraeus-triggered-by-e-mail-threats-from-biographer-officials-say/2012/11/10/d2fc52de-2b68-11e2-bab2-eda299503684_story_2.html">FBI probe of Petraeus triggered by e-mail threats from biographer, officials say</a> The Washington Post November 11, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/11/09/source-cia-director-david-petraeus-submits-resignation-over-extra-marital-affair/?hpt=hp_t1">CIA director David Petraeus resigns over extramarital affair</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111201649/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/11/09/source-cia-director-david-petraeus-submits-resignation-over-extra-marital-affair/?hpt=hp_t1">Archived</a> November 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CNN, November 9, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110142310/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/CIA-chief-David-Petraeus-resignation-over-extramarital-affair-shocks-Washington/articleshow/17171843.cms">"CIA chief David Petraeus' resignation over extramarital affair shocks Washington"</a>. The Times Of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/CIA-chief-David-Petraeus-resignation-over-extramarital-affair-shocks-Washington/articleshow/17171843.cms">the original</a> on November 10, 2012. 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Atlanta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Demotion+for+Petraeus+an+option+as+Pentagon+reviews+case&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F01%2F19%2Fpolitics%2Fdavid-petraeus-defense-department%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitlockGoldman2016" class="citation news cs1">Whitlock, Craig; Goldman, Adam (January 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pentagon-decides-no-further-punishment-warranted-for-petraeus/2016/01/30/b503348e-c767-11e5-8965-0607e0e265ce_story.html">"Pentagon won't punish David Petraeus any further in sex-and-secrets scandal"</a>. 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Retrieved February 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+J.+Donovan+Award+Dinner&rft.pub=The+OSS+Society&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osssociety.org%2Fpdfs%2FInvite_PDF_Response.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107031836/http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/04/23/new-role-for-david-petraeus-professor/">"New Role for David Petraeus: Professor"</a>. CNN. April 23, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/04/23/new-role-for-david-petraeus-professor/">the original</a> on January 7, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=New+Role+for+David+Petraeus%3A+Professor&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecurity.blogs.cnn.com%2F2013%2F04%2F23%2Fnew-role-for-david-petraeus-professor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/15/petraeus-cia-salary-cuny/2519705/">"Ex-CIA director Petraeus accepts $1-a-year job"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. July 15, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-CIA+director+Petraeus+accepts+%241-a-year+job&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2013%2F07%2F15%2Fpetraeus-cia-salary-cuny%2F2519705%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.militarytimes.com/flightlines/2013/09/11/college-students-harass-retired-gen-david-petraeus/">UPDATE: College students harass retired Gen. David Petraeus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914205647/http://blogs.militarytimes.com/flightlines/2013/09/11/college-students-harass-retired-gen-david-petraeus/">Archived</a> September 14, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Military Times September 9, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2013/05/gen_david_petraeus_joins.php">"Gen. David Petraeus joins faculty at USC"</a>. LA Observed. May 2, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gen.+David+Petraeus+joins+faculty+at+USC&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laobserved.com%2Farchive%2F2013%2F05%2Fgen_david_petraeus_joins.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130629080245/http://www.gainesvilletimes.com/section/6/article/83420/">"Former Gen. Petraeus to serve on Camp Toccoa board"</a>. Gainesville Times. May 7, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gainesvilletimes.com/section/6/article/83420/">the original</a> on June 29, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gainesville+Times&rft.atitle=Former+Gen.+Petraeus+to+serve+on+Camp+Toccoa+board&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gainesvilletimes.com%2Fsection%2F6%2Farticle%2F83420%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2013/05/david-petraeus-kkr-global-institute-92024.html/">"David Petraeus joins private-equity firm KKR"</a>. Politico. May 30, 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=David+Petraeus+joins+private-equity+firm+KKR&rft.date=2013-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2013%2F05%2Fdavid-petraeus-kkr-global-institute-92024.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kkr.com/our-firm/leadership/david-h-petraeus">"David H. Petraeus Member, Chairman of the KKR Global Institute"</a>. July 24, 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teamrubiconusa.org/press-release-gen-david-petraeus-joins-team-rubicons-board-of-advisors/">the original</a> on July 7, 2013. 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Retrieved August 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+%28Retd%29+David+H+Petraeus+named+RUSI+Senior+Vice+President&rft.date=2013-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.rusi.org%2Fnewsletter%2Ffocus-august-2013%3Ferid%3D1993818%26trid%3D07441806-7cb5-48ae-a21a-6ecf69f63359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021211951/http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2013/oct/20/us-petraeus-harvard/">"Petraeus joins Harvard's Kennedy School"</a>. Las Vegas Sun. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2013/oct/20/us-petraeus-harvard">the original</a> on October 21, 2013. 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Retrieved July 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+%E2%80%93+FM+3-24+Final+Electronic+File.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusacac.army.mil%2Fcac2%2FRepository%2FMaterials%2FCOIN-FM3-24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_H._Petraeus" class="citation web cs1">David H. Petraeus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214112806/http://www.the-american-interest.com/ai2/article.cfm?Id=290&MId=14">"Beyond the Cloister – David H. Petraeus"</a>. The American Interest Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-american-interest.com/ai2/article.cfm?Id=290&MId=14">the original</a> on February 14, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Interest+Magazine&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Cloister+%E2%80%93+David+H.+Petraeus&rft.au=David+H.+Petraeus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-american-interest.com%2Fai2%2Farticle.cfm%3FId%3D290%26MId%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2023/11/05/hardcover-nonfiction/">"Hardcover Nonfiction Best Sellers November 5, 2023"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hardcover+Nonfiction+Best+Sellers+November+5%2C+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fbest-sellers%2F2023%2F11%2F05%2Fhardcover-nonfiction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/booklist/type/nonfiction/date/2023-10-25">"USA Today's Best-selling Booklist"</a>. USA Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=USA+Today%27s+Best-selling+Booklist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fbooklist%2Ftype%2Fnonfiction%2Fdate%2F2023-10-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aspectsofhistory.com/aspects-of-history-book-of-the-year-conflict/">"Aspects of History Book of the Year: Conflict"</a>. Aspects of History. November 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+History+Book+of+the+Year%3A+Conflict&rft.pub=Aspects+of+History&rft.date=2023-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faspectsofhistory.com%2Faspects-of-history-book-of-the-year-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/nielsen/xhistory.html">"Publishers Weekly Best Seller List"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128193941/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/nielsen/xhistory.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publishers+Weekly+Best+Seller+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fnielsen%2Fxhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbr.co.nz/book-review/my-year-in-books-a-2023-review/">"My year in books – a 2023 review"</a>. The National Business Review. December 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+year+in+books+%E2%80%93+a+2023+review&rft.pub=The+National+Business+Review&rft.date=2023-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbr.co.nz%2Fbook-review%2Fmy-year-in-books-a-2023-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-440"><a href="#cite_ref-440">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecipherbrief.com/the-best-reads-of-2023-a-holiday-gift-guide">"The Best Reads of 2023: A Holiday Gift Guide"</a>. The Cipher Brief. December 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Best+Reads+of+2023%3A+A+Holiday+Gift+Guide&rft.pub=The+Cipher+Brief&rft.date=2023-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecipherbrief.com%2Fthe-best-reads-of-2023-a-holiday-gift-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-441"><a href="#cite_ref-441">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fpri.org/article/2023/12/2023-holiday-book-recommendations/">"2023 Holiday Book Recommendations"</a>. Foreign Policy Research Institute. December 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Holiday+Book+Recommendations&rft.pub=Foreign+Policy+Research+Institute&rft.date=2023-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpri.org%2Farticle%2F2023%2F12%2F2023-holiday-book-recommendations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-442"><a href="#cite_ref-442">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mwi.westpoint.edu/war-books-the-best-books-we-read-in-2023/">"WAR BOOKS: THE BEST BOOKS WE READ IN 2023"</a>. Modern War Institute. December 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WAR+BOOKS%3A+THE+BEST+BOOKS+WE+READ+IN+2023&rft.pub=Modern+War+Institute&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmwi.westpoint.edu%2Fwar-books-the-best-books-we-read-in-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-443"><a href="#cite_ref-443">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sA5O5WfW_AY">"Conflict: The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Ukraine - General David H. Petraeus"</a>. YouTube. NOLA. March 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Conflict%3A+The+Evolution+of+Warfare+from+1945+to+Ukraine+-+General+David+H.+Petraeus&rft.date=2024-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsA5O5WfW_AY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-444"><a href="#cite_ref-444">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2016" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Adam (January 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/how-david-petraeus-avoided-felony-charges-and-possible-prison-time/2016/01/25/d77628dc-bfab-11e5-83d4-42e3bceea902_story.html">"How David Petraeus avoided felony charges and possible prison time"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+David+Petraeus+avoided+felony+charges+and+possible+prison+time&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fhow-david-petraeus-avoided-felony-charges-and-possible-prison-time%2F2016%2F01%2F25%2Fd77628dc-bfab-11e5-83d4-42e3bceea902_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeresiewicz2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Deresiewicz, William (March 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theamericanscholar.org/solitude-and-leadership/">"Solitude and Leadership: If you want others to follow, learn to be alone with your thoughts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Scholar_(magazine)" title="The American Scholar (magazine)">The American Scholar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Scholar&rft.atitle=Solitude+and+Leadership%3A+If+you+want+others+to+follow%2C+learn+to+be+alone+with+your+thoughts&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.aulast=Deresiewicz&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheamericanscholar.org%2Fsolitude-and-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloudGreg_Jaffe2009" class="citation book cs1">Cloud, David; Greg Jaffe (2009). The Fourth Star: Four Generals and the Epic Struggle for the Future of the United States Army. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-40906-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-40906-5"><bdi>978-0-307-40906-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fourth+Star%3A+Four+Generals+and+the+Epic+Struggle+for+the+Future+of+the+United+States+Army&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-40906-5&rft.aulast=Cloud&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Greg+Jaffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Petraeus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Robinson, Linda (2008). Tell Me How This Ends: General David Petraeus and the Search for a Way Out of Iraq. PublicAffairs. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-766-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-766-9">978-1-58648-766-9</a>. plus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511005016/http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/Linda-Robinson.aspx">Book Lecture</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Military_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Military Library">Pritzker Military Library</a> on November 22, 2008</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Petraeus&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> David Petraeus at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Petraeus" class="extiw" title="c:Category:David Petraeus">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" class="extiw" title="q:David Petraeus">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:David_H._Petraeus" class="extiw" title="s:Author:David H. Petraeus">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28591" class="extiw" title="d:Q28591">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1006003">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2697292/">David Petraeus</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/david-petraeus">David Petraeus</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28591#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/DavidHowellPetraeus" class="extiw" title="iarchive:DavidHowellPetraeus">FBI file on David Petraeus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Cody" title="Richard A. Cody">Richard A. Cody</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commanding General of the <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> 2002–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Turner_II" title="Thomas R. Turner II">Thomas R. Turner II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New title </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commanding General of the <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Security_Transition_Command_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq">Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq</a> 2004–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Martin Dempsey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Wallace" title="William S. Wallace">William Wallace</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College" title="Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College">Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College</a> 2005–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Caldwell_IV" title="William B. Caldwell IV">William Caldwell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Casey,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Casey, Jr.">George Casey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commanding General of the <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multinational Force-Iraq</a> 2007–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Raymond Odierno</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Martin Dempsey Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commander of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> 2008–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Allen" title="John R. Allen">John Allen</a> Acting</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_A._McChrystal" title="Stanley A. McChrystal">Stanley McChrystal</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> 2010–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Allen" title="John R. Allen">John Allen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Morell" title="Michael Morell">Michael Morell</a> Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a> 2011–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Morell" title="Michael Morell">Michael Morell</a> Acting</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commanders_of_United_States_Central_Command" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Commanders_of_United_States_Central_Command" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command#Commanders" title="United States Central Command">Commanders of United States Central Command</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kingston" title="Robert Kingston">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Crist" title="George B. Crist">Crist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf_Jr." title="Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.">Schwarzkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Hoar" title="Joseph P. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Binford_Peay_III" title="J. H. Binford Peay III">Peay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Zinni" title="Anthony Zinni">Zinni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abizaid" title="John Abizaid">Abizaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Fallon" title="William J. Fallon">Fallon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Petraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Mattis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Votel" title="Joseph Votel">Votel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._McKenzie_Jr." title="Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kurilla" title="Michael Kurilla">Kurilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_Central_Intelligence_and_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DCIA" title="Template:DCIA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DCIA" title="Template talk:DCIA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DCIA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DCIA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_Central_Intelligence_and_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Directors of Central Intelligence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Central Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Souers" title="Sidney Souers">Souers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Vandenberg" title="Hoyt Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_H._Hillenkoetter" title="Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter">Hillenkoetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bedell_Smith" title="Walter Bedell Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McCone" title="John A. McCone">McCone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Raborn" title="William Raborn">Raborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Helms" title="Richard Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stansfield_Turner" title="Stansfield Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">Woolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Deutch" title="John M. Deutch">Deutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">Tenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="510" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Panetta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Petraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Pompeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Haspel" title="Gina Haspel">Haspel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">Burns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000067064907">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45832307">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1479875/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfrRvJwcc9K4YHhDPbmVC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136316875">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87897969">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb156674734">France</a></li><li><a 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