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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Franck-Hertzov_pokus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franck-Hertzov_pokus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Franck-Hertzov pokus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Franck-Hertzov_pokus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Franck-Hertzov pokus</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Franck-Hertzov_pokus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Objašnjenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objašnjenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Objašnjenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objašnjenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustav Ludwig Hertz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 81 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="غوستاف هرتس – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوستاف هرتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="جوستاف هرتس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوستاف هرتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="गुस्टाफ हर्ज़ – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गुस्टाफ हर्ज़" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="قوستاو هرتز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوستاو هرتز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густаў Людвіг Герц – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Густаў Людвіг Герц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Лудвиг Херц – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Густав Лудвиг Херц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8" title="গুস্টাভ লুডভিগ হের্‌ৎস – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুস্টাভ লুডভিগ হের্‌ৎস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A4_%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="گوستاڤ ھێرتس – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوستاڤ ھێرتس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86_%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84%CF%82" title="Γκούσταφ Χερτς – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκούσταφ Χερτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="گوستاو هرتز – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوستاو هرتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – škotski gaelski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski gaelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="גוסטב הרץ – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוסטב הרץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="गुस्टाफ हर्ज़ – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुस्टाफ हर्ज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81" title="Գուստավ Հերց – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուստավ Հերց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84" title="グスタフ・ヘルツ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グスタフ・ヘルツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%95_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="გუსტავ ჰერცი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუსტავ ჰერცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Людвиг Герц – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Густав Людвиг Герц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%94%84_%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B8%A0" title="구스타프 헤르츠 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구스타프 헤르츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Hertz" title="Gustavus Hertz – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gustavus Hertz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavs_Hercs" title="Gustavs Hercs – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gustavs Hercs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Лудвиг Херц – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Густав Лудвиг Херц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗുസ്താവ് ലുഡ്‌വിഗ് ഹെർട്സ് – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുസ്താവ് ലുഡ്‌വിഗ് ഹെർട്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D" title="गुस्ताव लुडविग हेर्ट्झ – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुस्ताव लुडविग हेर्ट्झ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="گوستاو هرتز – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوستاو هرتز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="गुस्टाभ हर्ज – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गुस्टाभ हर्ज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="گستاف ہرٹز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گستاف ہرٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86,_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Герц, Густав Людвиг – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герц, Густав Людвиг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="गुस्टाफ् हर्ज् – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुस्टाफ् हर्ज्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Лудвиг Херц – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Густав Лудвиг Херц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கசுத்தாவ் உலூத்விக் எர்ட்சு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசுத்தாவ் உலூத்விக் எர்ட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gustav Hertz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Һерц – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Густав Һерц" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Людвіг Герц – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Густав Людвіг Герц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88%DA%AF_%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B9" title="古斯塔夫·赫兹 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古斯塔夫·赫兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:25em; font-size:90%; text-align:left;" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#e8e8ff; color:#000000;"><b>Gustav Ludwig Hertz</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gustav_Hertz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gustav_Hertz.jpg/200px-Gustav_Hertz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Gustav_Hertz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><br /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #DDDDDD;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rođenje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/22._srpnja" title="22. srpnja">22. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1887." title="1887.">1887.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Smrt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/30._listopada" title="30. listopada">30. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1975." title="1975.">1975.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Državljanstvo </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">Nijemac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Polje </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">Fizika</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Institucija </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a>-<a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberško</a> sveučilište <br /> Tehničko sveučilište u <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinu</a>, <br /> Fizikalni institut u <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzigu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Alma mater </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Berlinu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveučilište u Berlinu">Sveučilište u Berlinu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Akademski mentor </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poznat po </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Franck-Hertzov_pokus" title="Franck-Hertzov pokus">Franck-Hertzov pokus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Istaknute nagrade </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelova nagrada za fiziku</a> (1925.) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="left" style="border-top: 1px solid #DDDDDD;">Nećak <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz" title="Heinrich Rudolf Hertz">H. R. Hertza</a> i otac <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hellmuth_Hertz" title="Carl Hellmuth Hertz">C. H. Hertza</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e8e8ff; padding-top:3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C5%BDivotopis" title="Portal:Životopis">Portal o životopisima</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/f/fd/Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg/300px-Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/f/fd/Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg/450px-Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/f/fd/Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg/600px-Franck-Hertzov_pokus_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franck-Hertzov_pokus" title="Franck-Hertzov pokus">Franck-Hertzov pokus</a>: promjena <a href="/wiki/Jakost_elektri%C4%8Dne_struje" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakost električne struje">jakosti električne struje</a> u <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_cijev" title="Elektronska cijev">elektronskoj cijevi</a> napunjenoj razrijeđenim <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">živinim</a> <a href="/wiki/Para" title="Para">parama</a> pri promjeni <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni napon">električnoga napona</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gustav Ludwig Hertz</b> ili <b>Gustav Hertz</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/22._srpnja" title="22. srpnja">22. srpnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1887." title="1887.">1887.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/30._listopada" title="30. listopada">30. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1975." title="1975.">1975.</a>), <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">njemački</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dar" title="Fizičar">fizičar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor">Doktorirao</a> je <a href="/wiki/1911." title="1911.">1911.</a> na <a href="/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Berlinu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveučilište u Berlinu">Humboldtovu sveučilištu u Berlinu</a>, gdje je i bio zaposlen (od 1911. do 1914. i od 1917. do 1920.). Bio je <a href="/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor">profesor</a> na <a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a>-<a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberškom</a> sveučilištu (od 1922. do 1928.) i ravnatelj Fizikalnog instituta Visoke tehničke škole (danas Tehničko sveučilište) u <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinu</a> (od 1928. do 1934.). <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitlerovim</a> dolaskom na vlast, morao se 1934. zbog <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovi" title="Židovi">židovskoga</a> podrijetla povući s položaja. Nakon Drugog svjetskoga rata radio je na <a href="/wiki/Nuklearno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Nuklearno oružje">atomskim istraživanjima</a> u <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>-u (od 1945. do 1954.). Bio je profesor fizike i ravnatelj Fizikalnog instituta u <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzigu</a> (od 1954. do 1961.). Za <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">pokus</a>, kasnije nazvan <a href="/wiki/Franck-Hertzov_pokus" title="Franck-Hertzov pokus">Franck-Hertzov pokus</a>, koji je potvrdio da <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomi</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">žive</a> mogu <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcijska_spektroskopija" title="Apsorpcijska spektroskopija">apsorbirati energiju</a> samo određene vrijednosti i tako potkrijepio teoriju <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantiziranosti atoma</a>, podijelio je s <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">J. Franckom</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku</a> (1925.). Otkrio je <a href="/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija">difuzijski</a> postupak razdvajanja smjese <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopa</a> <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neona</a> (1932.), koji je postao važan za <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija" title="Tehnologija">tehnologiju</a> <a href="/wiki/Oboga%C4%87eni_uranij" title="Obogaćeni uranij">obogaćivanja uranija</a> i proizvodnje <a href="/wiki/Atomska_bomba" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomska bomba">atomske bombe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Franck-Hertzov_pokus">Franck-Hertzov pokus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Franck-Hertzov pokus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Franck-Hertzov pokus"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Franck-Hertzov_pokus" title="Franck-Hertzov pokus">Franck-Hertzov pokus</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:FHcollisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/FHcollisions.svg/200px-FHcollisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/FHcollisions.svg/300px-FHcollisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/FHcollisions.svg/400px-FHcollisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Elastični i neelastični sudar (<a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">sraz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> s <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomima</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">žive</a>. Elektroni koji putuju polako mijenjaju smjer nakon elastičnih sudara, ali ne mijenjaju brzinu. Brži elektroni gube većinu svoje brzine u neelastičnim sudarima. Izgubljena <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetička energija</a> se nakuplja u atomu žive. Atom nakon toga emitira <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a> i vraća se u prvobitno stanje.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Franck-Hertzov pokus</b> je <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">pokus</a> kojim je s pomoću <a href="/wiki/Mjerni_instrument" title="Mjerni instrument">električnoga mjerenja</a> potvrđena <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">kvantna</a> priroda <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>, to jest potvrđena je pretpostavka o postojanju <a href="/wiki/Stacionarno_stanje" title="Stacionarno stanje">stacionarnih stanja</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">diskretnih energijskih razina u atomima</a>. Izveli su ga 1914. u <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlinu</a> J. Franck i <a class="mw-selflink selflink">G. L. Hertz</a>. Tijekom pokusa mjerena je <a href="/wiki/Jakost_elektri%C4%8Dne_struje" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakost električne struje">jakost istosmjerne električne struje</a> kroz <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_cijev" title="Elektronska cijev">elektronsku cijev</a> s razrijeđenim <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">živinim</a> <a href="/wiki/Para" title="Para">parama</a>. Pri postupnom povećanju <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni napon">električnoga napona</a> uočen je niz porasta i padova jakosti električne struje i <a href="/wiki/Emisija" class="mw-disambig" title="Emisija">emisija</a> <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> pri padu električne struje. Prema objašnjenju pokusa jakost električne struje povećava se razmjerno (proporcionalno) električnom naponu kad se <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a> elastično odbijaju od atoma žive, a pad jakosti električne struje i emisija svjetlosti opažaju se kad se elektroni neelastično sudaraju sa živinim atomima. Neelastičnim sudarom elektroni svoju <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičku energiju</a> prenose na atome živinih para koji se zbog dobivene <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija">energije</a> uzbude (njihovi elektroni preskoče iz orbitale manje energije u orbitalu veće energije) i pri povratku emitiraju svjetlost. Elektroni nakon neelastičnog sudara (<a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">sraza</a>) ostaju bez energije, sporo se gibaju i ne stižu do <a href="/wiki/Anoda" title="Anoda">anode</a>, što se očituje kao slabljenje jakosti električne struje. Skokovi jakosti električne struje pojavljuju se za promjene napona svakih 4,9 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a>, što odgovara energiji svojstvene <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valne duljine</a> živine svjetlosti od 253 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">nm</a> koja u <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcijska_spektroskopija" title="Apsorpcijska spektroskopija">apsorpcijskome spektru</a> para žive odgovara prijelazu iz osnovnoga stanja atoma na razinu iznad osnovnoga stanja: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h\cdot \nu =e\cdot U}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h\cdot \nu =e\cdot U}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1efee6bb0601c2e5d26dd5ef6ac1b9dd4b57e6f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.894ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h\cdot \nu =e\cdot U}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>h</i> - <a href="/wiki/Planckova_konstanta" title="Planckova konstanta">Planckova konstanta</a>, <i>ν</i> - <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> (<i>ν = c/λ</i>), <b>e</b> - <a href="/wiki/Elementarni_elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementarni električni naboj">elementarni električni naboj</a>, to jest <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električni naboj</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a>, <i>U</i> - <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni napon">električni napon</a>, <i>c</i> - <a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzina svjetlosti</a> i <i>λ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valna duljina</a> svjetlosti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objašnjenje"><span id="Obja.C5.A1njenje"></span>Objašnjenje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Objašnjenje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Objašnjenje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iste godine 1913. kad je <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> postavio osnovna načela <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantne teorije</a>, ispitivali su J. Franck i G. L. Hertz <a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">srazove</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> s <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomima</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">živinih</a> <a href="/wiki/Para" title="Para">para</a>. Oni su upotrijebili kao <a href="/wiki/Katoda" title="Katoda">katodu</a> užarenu <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volframovu</a> nit. <a href="/wiki/Anoda" title="Anoda">Anoda</a> je bila <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žičana</a> mreža, kroz koju su prolazili elektroni i padali na ploču, od koje je vodila <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električna struja</a> preko osjetljivog <a href="/wiki/Galvanometar" title="Galvanometar">galvanometra</a>. Elektroni koji su se isparivali iz niti bili su ubrzani <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni napon">električnim naponom</a> i bacani na atome. Franck i Hertz mogli su električni napon po volji jačati tako da su proizvodili zrake elektrona sve veće <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzine</a>. Dok su brzine elektrona male, elektroni se odbijaju od atoma, kao od krute stijene. Oni ne mogu prenijeti svoje energije na mnogo teže atome <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plina</a> (žive). Pokusom se opaža da <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električna struja</a> razmjerno (proporcionalno) raste kako se povećava električni napon. No najedanput kod određenog električnog napona struja postigne maksimum i, kad se električni napon dalje povećava, električna struja naglo oslabi. Elektroni se dakle zaustavljaju, predavajući atomima svoju <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičku energiju</a>. Ta njihova <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> sada je upravo dovoljna da atomi prijeđu iz stabilnog stanja s energijom <i>E<sub>1</sub></i> u prvo pobuđeno stanje s energijom <i>E<sub>2</sub></i>. Franck i Hertz su pokusima pokazali, da postoji čitav niz određenih električnih napona, kod kojih nastupa takav neelestični <a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">sraz</a> između elektrona i atoma. Umnožak <i>e∙U</i> znači energiju koju ima elektron kad prođe električni napon <i>U</i> i te diskontinuirane vrijednosti <i>e∙U<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>e∙U<sub>2</sub></i>, <i>e∙U<sub>3</sub></i>, …, pokazuju direktno "ljestvicu" energije atoma. </p><p>Franck-Hertzov pokus omogućuje također da se pokusom dokaže <a href="/wiki/Bohrov_model_atoma" title="Bohrov model atoma">drugi Bohrov postulat</a>. Pri neelastičnim srazovima bivaju atomi potaknuti na emisiju svjetlosti. Odašiljući <a href="/wiki/Svjetlosni_kvant" class="mw-redirect" title="Svjetlosni kvant">kvante svjetlosti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotone</a>), atomi se vraćaju u stabilna stanja. Prema Bohrovu postulatu, moraju se energije kvanata svjetlosti podudarati s kritičnim veličinama električnog napona. Iz jednadžbe: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h\cdot \nu =e\cdot U}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h\cdot \nu =e\cdot U}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1efee6bb0601c2e5d26dd5ef6ac1b9dd4b57e6f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.894ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h\cdot \nu =e\cdot U}"></span></dd></dl> <p>slijedi uvrštenjem brojčanih vrijednosti u jednadžbu: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U({\mbox{volt}})\cdot \lambda ({\mbox{nanometar}})=1\,240}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>volt</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>nanometar</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>240</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U({\mbox{volt}})\cdot \lambda ({\mbox{nanometar}})=1\,240}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76105c64dd5db92868404aa9aadb47aaae59153f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.369ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U({\mbox{volt}})\cdot \lambda ({\mbox{nanometar}})=1\,240}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ovu teoretsku jednadžbu usporedit ćemo s pokusima na živinim parama. Franck i Hertz su našli da prvi <a href="/wiki/Rezonancija" title="Rezonancija">rezonantni</a> udarac nastupa kod električnog napona od 4,9 V. Pri tom naponu pojavljuje se živina <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcijska_spektroskopija" title="Apsorpcijska spektroskopija">spektralna linija</a> s <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnom duljinom</a> od 253,7 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">nm</a>. Kako se vidi umnožak 4,9 ∙ 253,7 = 1 240 slaže se s prethodnom jednadžbom. </p><p>Udarcem elektrona može atom prijeći na neki viši energetski nivo. Tad ne mora atom odmah pasti u stabilno stanje. On može prijeći u bilo koji niži energetski nivo. Zbog toga se pojavljuje u emitiranoj svjetlosti ne samo frekvencija koja odgovara padu u stabilno stanje, nego i manje frekvencije koje odgovaraju skokovima između bližih energija. Usporedba Franck-Hertzov pokusa sa <a href="/wiki/Spektralna_analiza" title="Spektralna analiza">spektralnom analizom</a> značila je punu pobjedu Bohrovih postulata. Time je neposredno dokazano da se spektralni termi podudaraju s diskontinuiranim energijama atoma.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>Hertz, Gustav</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=25249">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Supek" title="Ivan Supek">Ivan Supek</a>: "Nova fizika", Školska knjiga Zagreb, 1966.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#d3d3d3;" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Predložak:Nobelova nagrada za fiziku"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_predlo%C5%A1ku:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Razgovor o predlošku:Nobelova nagrada za fiziku"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;" title="Razgovor o ovom predlošku.">r</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" title="Kategorija:Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku">Dobitnici</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelove nagrade za fiziku</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1900-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1900-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1901. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a>  <b>·</b> 1902. <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Hendrik Antoon Lorentz</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a>  <b>·</b> 1903. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> i <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">Marie Curie</a>  <b>·</b> 1904. <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt Rayleigh">John William Strutt Rayleigh</a>  <b>·</b> 1905. <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a>  <b>·</b> 1906. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a>  <b>·</b> 1907. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a>  <b>·</b> 1908. <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a>  <b>·</b> 1909. <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Braun" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Ferdinand Braun">Carl Ferdinand Braun</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1910-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1910-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1910. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a>  <b>·</b> 1911. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a>  <b>·</b> 1912. <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Nils Gustaf Dalén</a>  <b>·</b> 1913. <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a>  <b>·</b> 1914. <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a>  <b>·</b> 1915. <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a>  <b>·</b> 1917. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a>  <b>·</b> 1918. <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>  <b>·</b> 1919. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1920-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1920-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1920. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edouard_Guillaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edouard Guillaume">Charles Edouard Guillaume</a>  <b>·</b> 1921. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>  <b>·</b> 1922. <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>  <b>·</b> 1923. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a>  <b>·</b> 1924. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn" title="Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn">Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn</a>  <b>·</b> 1925. <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> i <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gustav Ludwig Hertz</a>  <b>·</b> 1926. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a>  <b>·</b> 1927. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a> i <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a>  <b>·</b> 1928. <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a>  <b>·</b> 1929. <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1930-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1930-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1930. <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Candrasekara_Venkata_Raman" title="Čandrasekara Venkata Raman">Čandrasekara Venkata Raman</a>  <b>·</b> 1932. <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>  <b>·</b> 1933. <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac</a>  <b>·</b> 1935. <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a>  <b>·</b> 1936. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Franz Hess</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a>  <b>·</b> 1937. <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Joseph Davisson</a> i <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Paget Thomson</a>  <b>·</b> 1938. <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>  <b>·</b> 1939. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1940-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1940-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1943. <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a>  <b>·</b> 1944. <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a>  <b>·</b> 1945. <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>  <b>·</b> 1946. <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a>  <b>·</b> 1947. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Appleton" title="Edward Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a>  <b>·</b> 1948. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a>  <b>·</b> 1949. <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Jukava" title="Hideki Jukava">Hideki Jukava</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1950-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1950-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1950. <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a>  <b>·</b> 1951. <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Douglas Cockcroft</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton</a>  <b>·</b> 1952. <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> i <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a>  <b>·</b> 1953. <a href="/wiki/Frits_(Frederik)_Zernike" class="mw-redirect" title="Frits (Frederik) Zernike">Frits (Frederik) Zernike</a>  <b>·</b> 1954. <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> i <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a>  <b>·</b> 1955. <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Willis Eugene Lamb</a>  <b>·</b> 1956. <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">William Bradford Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a>  <b>·</b> 1957. <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cen_Ning_Jang" class="mw-redirect" title="Čen Ning Jang">Čen Ning Jang</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cung-Dao_Li" class="mw-redirect" title="Cung-Dao Li">Cung-Dao Li</a>  <b>·</b> 1958. <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cerenkov" title="Pavel Aleksejevič Čerenkov">Pavel Aleksejevič Čerenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Mihajlovi%C4%8D_Frank" title="Ilja Mihajlovič Frank">Ilja Mihajlovič Frank</a> i <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jevgenijevi%C4%8D_Tamm" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Jevgenijevič Tamm">Igor Jevgenijevič Tamm</a>  <b>·</b> 1959. <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Gino Segre</a> i <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1960-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1960-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1960. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glaser" title="Donald Glaser">Donald Arthur Glaser</a>  <b>·</b> 1961. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ludwig_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer">Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer</a>  <b>·</b> 1962. <a href="/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Landau" title="Lev Davidovič Landau">Lev Davidovič Landau</a>  <b>·</b> 1963. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a> i <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a>  <b>·</b> 1964. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Hard Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Genadijevi%C4%8D_Basov" title="Nikolaj Genadijevič Basov">Nikolaj Genadijevič Basov</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Prohorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandar Prohorov">Aleksandar Prohorov</a>  <b>·</b> 1965. <a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Sin-Itiro Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a> i <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman"> Richard P. Feynman</a>  <b>·</b> 1966. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a>  <b>·</b> 1967. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe">Hans Albrecht Bethe</a>  <b>·</b> 1968. <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a>  <b>·</b> 1969. <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1970-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1970-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1970. <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Olof_G%C3%B6sta_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén">Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén</a> i <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eugene_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugene Félix Néel">Louis Eugene Félix Néel</a>  <b>·</b> 1971. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a>  <b>·</b> 1972. <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Leon Neil Cooper</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a>  <b>·</b> 1973. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a>  <b>·</b> 1974. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a>  <b>·</b> 1975. <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Ben Roy Mottelson</a> i <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo James Rainwater">Leo James Rainwater</a>  <b>·</b> 1976. <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Samuel_%C4%8Cao_%C4%8Cung_Ting" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Čao Čung Ting">Samuel Čao Čung Ting</a>  <b>·</b> 1977. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> i <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">John Hasbrouck van Vleck</a>  <b>·</b> 1978. <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Leonidovi%C4%8D_Kapica" title="Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica">Pjotr Leonidovič Kapica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> i <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a>  <b>·</b> 1979. <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1980-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1980-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1980. <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" class="mw-redirect" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a>  <b>·</b> 1981. <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kai_Manne_Siegbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Kai Manne Siegbahn">Kai Manne Siegbahn</a>  <b>·</b> 1982. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a>  <b>·</b> 1983. <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanjan Čandrasehar</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_A._Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="William A. Fowler">William A. Fowler</a>  <b>·</b> 1984. <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a>  <b>·</b> 1985. <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a>  <b>·</b> 1986. <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> i <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a>  <b>·</b> 1987. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Johannes Georg Bednorz</a> i <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a>  <b>·</b> 1988. <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a>  <b>·</b> 1989. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#1990-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">1990-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1990. <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a> i <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">Richard Edward Taylor</a>  <b>·</b> 1991. <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>  <b>·</b> 1992. <a href="/wiki/Georgij_Harpak" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgij Harpak">Georgij Harpak</a>  <b>·</b> 1993. <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a> i <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.</a>  <b>·</b> 1994. <a href="/wiki/Bertram_N._Brockhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertram N. Brockhouse">Bertram N. Brockhouse</a> i <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" class="mw-redirect" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a>  <b>·</b> 1995. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a>  <b>·</b> 1996. <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">David Morris Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Douglas Dean Osheroff</a> i <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Robert Coleman Richardson</a>  <b>·</b> 1997. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">William Daniel Phillips</a>  <b>·</b> 1998. <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Robert B. Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Daniel_%C4%8Ci_Cui" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Či Cui">Daniel Či Cui</a>  <b>·</b> 1999. <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a> i <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J.G._Veltman" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus J.G. Veltman">Martinus J.G. Veltman</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#2000-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">2000-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">2000. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDores_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Alfjorov" title="Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov">Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jack_S._Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack S. Kilby">Jack S. Kilby</a>  <b>·</b> 2001. <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Allin Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Edwin Wieman</a>  <b>·</b> 2002. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masato%C5%A1i_Ko%C5%A1iba" class="mw-redirect" title="Masatoši Košiba">Masatoši Košiba</a> i <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>  <b>·</b> 2003. <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_Abrikosov" title="Aleksej Aleksejevič Abrikosov">Aleksej Aleksejevič Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitalij_Lazarevi%C4%8D_Ginzburg" title="Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg">Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a>  <b>·</b> 2004. <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" class="mw-redirect" title="David Gross">David J. Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">H. David Politzer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a>  <b>·</b> 2005. <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="John L. Hall">John Hall</a> i <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a>  <b>·</b> 2006. <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a> i <a href="/wiki/George_F._Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George F. Smoot">George F. Smoot</a>  <b>·</b> 2007. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Andreas Grünberg">Peter A. Grünberg</a>  <b>·</b> 2008. <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Makoto Kobayashi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a>  <b>·</b> 2009. <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> i <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Smith">George E. Smith</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#2010-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">2010-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">2010. <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Konstantin Novoselov</a>  <b>·</b> 2011. <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a>  <b>·</b> 2012. <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" class="mw-redirect" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a> i <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a>  <b>·</b> 2013. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> i <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>  <b>·</b> 2014. <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a> i <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a>  <b>·</b> 2015. <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald_(znanstvenik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur B. McDonald (znanstvenik)">Arthur B. McDonald</a>  <b>·</b> 2016. <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" class="mw-redirect" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> i <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">J. Michael Kosterlitz</a>  <b>·</b> 2017. <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> i <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a>  <b>·</b> 2018. <a href="/wiki/Artur_Ashkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Artur Ashkin">Artur Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Gérard Mourou</a> i <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a>  <b>·</b> 2019. <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a> i <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku#2020-e" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">2020-ih</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">2020. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (stranica ne postoji)">Roger Penrose</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Genzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Genzel (stranica ne postoji)">Reinhard Genzel</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Andrea Ghez</a>  <b>·</b> 2021. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syukuro_Manabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syukuro Manabe (stranica ne postoji)">Syukuro Manabe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Hasselmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Hasselmann (stranica ne postoji)">Klaus Hasselmann</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Parisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Parisi (stranica ne postoji)">Giorgio Parisi</a>  <b>·</b> 2022. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Aspect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Aspect (stranica ne postoji)">Alain Aspect</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clauser (stranica ne postoji)">John Clauser</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Zeilinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Zeilinger (stranica ne postoji)">Anton Zeilinger</a>  <b>·</b> 2023. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Agostini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Agostini (stranica ne postoji)">Pierre Agostini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Krausz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Krausz (stranica ne postoji)">Ferenc Krausz</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_L%27Huillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne L'Huillier (stranica ne postoji)">Anne L'Huillier</a>  • 2024. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hopfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hopfield (stranica ne postoji)">John Hopfield</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Hinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Hinton (stranica ne postoji)">Geoffrey Hinton</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&oldid=6997276">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&oldid=6997276</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Njema%C4%8Dki_fizi%C4%8Dari" title="Kategorija:Njemački fizičari">Njemački fizičari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dobitnici_Nobelove_nagrade_za_fiziku" title="Kategorija:Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku">Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 29. srpnja 2024. u 17:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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