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","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":25},{"Title":"2 ","Pid":"PA2","PgNum":"2","Order":26},{"Title":"5 ","Pid":"PA3","PgNum":"3","Order":27},{"Title":"2 ","Pid":"PA14","PgNum":"14","Order":38},{"Title":"POWERING ","Pid":"PA21","PgNum":"21","Order":45},{"Title":"Extending Our Senses ","Pid":"PA37","PgNum":"37","Order":61},{"Title":"4 ","Pid":"PA46","PgNum":"46","Order":70},{"Title":"Clockwork of the Universe ","Pid":"PA67","PgNum":"67","Order":91},{"Title":"3 ","Pid":"PA72","PgNum":"72","Order":96},{"Title":"6 ","Pid":"PA76","PgNum":"76","Order":100},{"Title":"1 ","Pid":"PA91","PgNum":"91","Order":115},{"Title":"The Early History of Astronomy ","Pid":"PA95","PgNum":"95","Order":119},{"Title":"Cloud imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope ","Pid":"PA100","PgNum":"100","Order":124},{"Title":"4 ","Pid":"PA101","PgNum":"101","Order":125},{"Title":"3 ","Pid":"PA106","PgNum":"106","Order":130},{"Title":"Earth Moon and Their Relatives ","Pid":"PA119","PgNum":"119","Order":143},{"Title":"6 ","Pid":"PA156","PgNum":"156","Order":180},{"Title":"Windswept Giants ","Pid":"PA167","PgNum":"167","Order":191},{"Title":"4 ","Pid":"PA168","PgNum":"168","Order":192},{"Title":"Saturns Other Satellites ","Pid":"PA184","PgNum":"184","Order":208},{"Title":"Pluto Comets and Space Debris ","Pid":"PA197","PgNum":"197","Order":221},{"Title":"Our Solar System and Others ","Pid":"PA233","PgNum":"233","Order":257},{"Title":"6 ","Pid":"PA237","PgNum":"237","Order":261},{"Title":"The Sun ","Pid":"PA255","PgNum":"255","Order":279},{"Title":"11 ","Pid":"PA279","PgNum":"279","Order":303},{"Title":"Cosmic Furnaces ","Pid":"PA311","PgNum":"311","Order":335},{"Title":"1 ","Pid":"PA312","PgNum":"312","Order":336},{"Title":"2 ","Pid":"PA321","PgNum":"321","Order":345},{"Title":"Recycling ","Pid":"PA331","PgNum":"331","Order":355},{"Title":"The End of Space and Time ","Pid":"PA361","PgNum":"361","Order":385},{"Title":"Our Home in the Universe ","Pid":"PA383","PgNum":"383","Order":407},{"Title":"16 ","Pid":"PA407","PgNum":"407","Order":431},{"Title":"A Universe of Galaxies ","Pid":"PA413","PgNum":"413","Order":437},{"Title":"15 ","Pid":"PA429","PgNum":"429","Order":453},{"Title":"Quasars and Active Galaxies ","Pid":"PA451","PgNum":"451","Order":475},{"Title":"18 ","Pid":"PA473","PgNum":"473","Order":497},{"Title":"The Birth and Life of the Cosmos ","Pid":"PA477","PgNum":"477","Order":501},{"Title":"In the Beginning ","Pid":"PA509","PgNum":"509","Order":533},{"Title":"20 ","Pid":"PA537","PgNum":"537","Order":561},{"Title":"Life in the Universe ","Pid":"PA541","PgNum":"541","Order":565},{"Title":"Life ","Pid":"PA550","PgNum":"550","Order":574},{"Title":"Epilogue ","Pid":"PA559","PgNum":"559","Order":583},{"Title":"The Nearest Stars ","Pid":"PA566","PgNum":"566","Order":590},{"Title":"Glossary ","Pid":"PA575","PgNum":"575","Order":599},{"Title":"Index ","Pid":"PA585","PgNum":"585","Order":609},{"Title":"3 ","Pid":"PA587","PgNum":"587","Order":611}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR7","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":1471,"num_toc_pages":11,"quality_info":"We have no quality information about this book.","volume_id":"tZsoAAAAQBAJ","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA368\u0026q=http://www.cambridge.org\u0026clientid=ca-print-cambridge\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw0ylF6jrvQ5NZDAYBMYUpC5\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eCambridge University Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":"2014","subject":"Science","num_pages":599,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"An exciting introduction to astronomy, the fourth edition of this book uses recent discoveries and stunning photography to inspire non-science majors about the universe and science. Written by two highly experienced and engaging instructors, each chapter has been fully updated, with more than 200 new images throughout, including recent images from space missions and the world's best observatories. Redesigned, streamlined pages highlight the breathtaking imagery. The text is organized as a series of stories, each presenting the history of the field, the observations made and how they fit within the process of science, our current understanding, and what future observations are planned. Math is provided in boxes and easily read around, making the book suitable for courses taking either mathematical or qualitative approaches. New discussion questions encourage students to think widely about astronomy and the role science plays in our everyday lives and podcasts for each chapter aid studying and comprehension.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA604","order":628,"title":"604"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DtZsoAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dx-ray%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA368","flags":8,"order":392,"vq":"x-ray"}]},null,{"number_of_results":82,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR9","page_number":"ix","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e and Gamma-ray Telescopes 52 4.5 Rising and Setting Stars 80 Telescopes for Ultraviolet Wavelengths 54 Infrared Telescopes 55 A Closer Look 4.2: Photographing the Stars 80 Figure It Out 4.2: Sidereal Time 81 Radio Telescopes 55 4.6\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR9\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PR14","page_number":"xiv","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e composite image of a supernova remnant, incorporating Hubble Space Telescope images showing the pink optical shell surrounding the \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e images, shown in blue and green, from the Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory. 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FIGURE 3-30 An artist\u0026#39;s conception of how NASA\u0026#39;s Galaxy\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA54","page_number":"54","snippet_text":"... ray and \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e bursts . Fermi\u0026#39;s international collaborators include space agencies in France , Germany , Japan , Italy , and Sweden . Some huge \u0026quot; light buckets \u0026quot; are giant ground - based telescopes , bigger than the largest optical\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA62","page_number":"62","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e , gamma rays , and most ultraviolet light must be above the Earth\u0026#39;s atmosphere . » For nearly a decade , NASA\u0026#39;s now - defunct Compton Gamma Ray Observatory provided data at the highest energies ( Sec . 3.8a ) . The Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA63","page_number":"63","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory. Mention their uses, designs, and other relevant factors. 12. What are two reasons why the Hubble Space Telescope can observe fainter objects than we can now study from the ground? †13. What is the light-gathering\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA64","page_number":"64","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e detectors would ( a ) give astronomers a chance to study the hot interiors of stars and planets ; ( b ) be worthless because \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e cannot get through the Earth\u0026#39;s atmosphere ; ( c ) be worthless because astronomers have not\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA125","page_number":"125","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e and ultraviolet radiation from the Sun , as well as from solar particles . Thus the iono- sphere forms during the daytime and diminishes at night . The free electrons in the ionosphere reflect very - long - wavelength radio\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA214","page_number":"214","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory view from 4 days before the collision , showing that the \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e come primarily from the interaction between charged oxygen ions in the solar wind and the comet\u0026#39;s neutral gases . Stardust - NEXT Figure ACL 8.2–5 A\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA224","page_number":"224","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e , and gamma - ray spectrometers measured how the minerals vary from place to place on Eros\u0026#39;s surface . The last of these even survived the spacecraft\u0026#39;s landing on Eros ( Fig . 8-37b ) , and radioed back information about the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA256","page_number":"256","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e vision . ( Of course , unlike Superman , we would be only passively receiving \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e , not sending them out . ) Note that the Sun is white , not yellow , though it is often thought of as being yellow . It only appears\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA260","page_number":"260","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e , extreme - ultraviolet , and optical parts of the spectrum . The corona is normally too faint to be seen except during an eclipse of the Sun because it is fainter than the everyday blue sky . But at certain locations on\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA262","page_number":"262","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e ( 174 A ) 24 - Jan - 2012 16 : 35 : 35.831 11462 ( 0 ) 1000 500 11468 11409 11408 11401407 Fe IX 0 \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e ( arcsecs ) ... \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e image from the XRT on Hinode . ( m ) A ground - based Ha image . ( n ) 174 Å , a Sun Watcher ( Belgian ) image\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA264","page_number":"264","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e, photons of high energy. The photosphere, on the other hand, is too cool to emit \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e. As a result, when photographs of the Sun are taken in the \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e region of the spectrum (from satellites, since \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e cannot pass through\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA265","page_number":"265","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e images also reveal very dark areas at the Sun\u0026#39;s poles and extending downward across the center of the solar disk . These dark locations are coronal holes , regions of the corona that are particu- larly cool and quiet ( Fig . 10\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA275","page_number":"275","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e wavelengths . 23. True or false ? During times of sunspot maximum , an unusually large number of prominences , solar flares , and coronal mass ejections also occur on the Sun. 24. True or false ? It is safe and easy to view\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA303","page_number":"303","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e observations have detected bursts of \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e coming from a few regions of sky , including a half - dozen globular clusters , and the Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory , XMM - Newton , Suzaku ( after a mythical Vermilion bird )\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA304","page_number":"304","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e Persei -6 2 ལ O Reprinted by permission of the publisher from The Milky Way by B. J. Bok and P. Bok , Cambridge ... \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory image of h Persei , part of the research of one of the authors ( J.M.P. ) . Colors represent brightness in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA335","page_number":"335","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e light curve ( \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e brightness vs. time ) of a binary white - dwarf system , measured with the Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory . ( b ) An artist\u0026#39;s impression of the two orbiting white dwarfs , whose separation is much less than\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA343","page_number":"343","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory is giving us high - resolution \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e images of supernova remnants Fig . 13-18 ) . The \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e reveal exceptionally hot gas produced by the collision of the supernova with gas surrounding it . 13.2e Supernovae and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA345","page_number":"345","snippet_text":"... rays ( magenta ) , as imaged from NASA\u0026#39;s Fermi Gamma - ray Space Telescope . Also shown is the remnant in \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e ( yellow , green , and blue ) , as imaged from NASA\u0026#39;s Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory , superimposed on an infrared image\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA347","page_number":"347","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e from the inner ring around Supernova 1987A brightening over several years . Chandra\u0026#39;s \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e spectra show that the hot spots result from the shock wave hitting dense fingers of gas protruding inward from the ring . The false\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA352","page_number":"352","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory , showing an outer ring 2/3 light - year across and an inner ring . high - resolution observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory of the Crab Nebula revealed interesting structure\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA355","page_number":"355","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e period show that gravitational waves should be given off at such a high rate that the orbit shrinks by about 1 centimeter per hour ! The waves \u0026#39; frequency would be prime for NGO\u0026#39;s sensitivity , though not a ... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Binaries."},{"page_id":"PA356","page_number":"356","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e telescopes in orbit ( such as the Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory ) detect the \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e , sometimes in pulses if there is a rotating beam of emission . But in many of these binary systems , unlike the case for normal pulsars\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA365","page_number":"365","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e flux 0 0.5 1.5 1.0 Fast. Because of time dilation , even a collapsing star never seems to reach the event horizon , if you are an outside observer . However , the star very quickly fades from sight : It emits light infrequently\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA368","page_number":"368","snippet_text":"... rays. (c) Gamma rays from the accretion disk surrounding the black hole in Cygnus X-1, viewed with the Spectrometer on Integral (SPI) – that is, on the European Space Agency\u0026#39;s gamma-ray spacecraft named Integral. The binary \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA370","page_number":"370","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source IC 10 X-1, in the nearby galaxy IC 10 (about 2.2 million light-years away). In 2008, the research of one of the authors (A.F.) and his graduate student at that time, Jeffrey M. Silverman, conclusively confirmed the tenta\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA371","page_number":"371","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e image of SS433 from the Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory , accompanied by an artist\u0026#39;s conception of how the lobes are produced . We see a binary system , which is thought to contain a massive star ( bloated blue balloon - shaped\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA372","page_number":"372","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory images and spectra to contain a supermassive black hole . We see \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e data from Chandra ( red ) , optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope ( green ) , and radio data from the Jansky Very Large Array in New\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA373","page_number":"373","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e images reveal luminous, flickering sources in some galaxies, suggesting that intermediate-mass black holes are accreting material sporadically from their surroundings. One possible place for such black holes to form is in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA374","page_number":"374","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e sources of all types have shown that the quasi - period of oscillations is linked to the mass of the black hole . Based on this relation , the unusual \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source in M74 would have a mass about 10,000 times that of our Sun\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA375","page_number":"375","snippet_text":"... ray burst 990123. At its peak , the optical afterglow was about four million times brighter and could be seen ... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e flashes , similar phenomena that give off most of their bursts of radiation in their respective parts of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA378","page_number":"378","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e come from an accretion disk ( Section 14.7a ) . We think a black ... ray binary known as SS433 , now thought to contain a black hole , shoots out ... ray bursts , brief flashes of extremely short - wavelength radiation\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA379","page_number":"379","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source associated with a spectroscopic binary suggest to astronomers the presence of a black hole? 20. Why is it generally easier to accurately determine the mass of a black hole orbited by a low-mass star than by a massive star\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA381","page_number":"381","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory image of hot gas surrounding the system, NGC 6240, which is about 330 million light-years from us. The field of view is about 300,000 light-years across in the constellation Ophiuchus. Two spiral galaxies similar in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA382","page_number":"382","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e emission may increase a bit as a result . The next phase , according to simulations , could take years or decades , as gas captured from the incoming cloud and then orbiting the supermassive black hole falls in toward the black\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA387","page_number":"387","snippet_text":"... the end of their lives becomes the raw material from which new stars and planets are born . As we emphasized in Chapter 13 , we are made of the ashes of stars ! \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e ( blue ) : NASA / CXC. Nebulae : Interstellar Clouds 387."},{"page_id":"PA389","page_number":"389","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e view of the Pleiades penetrates the dust to show the relatively hot stars . It was made from the EXOSAT in orbit . ( c ) The Pleiades ( buried in the large region that appears white ) have left a wake ( dark region extending\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA392","page_number":"392","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e image with observations at approximately 8-50 Å ; ( k ) a false - color hard \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e region with even shorter wavelengths ; ( 1 ) a gamma - ray band at wavelengths shorter than 0.0001 Å , about 100,000 times shorter than the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA393","page_number":"393","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e of part of the field is singled out and shown at lower left ( blue ) . The current model for the \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e emission is that it results from the collision of electrons from the filaments with a cloud containing a million solar\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA394","page_number":"394","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory view of a 400-light-year-across region of the center of our Galaxy, in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. In the midst of the labeled “Sagittarius A” source is “Sagittarius A*,” which marks the location of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA397","page_number":"397","snippet_text":"... ray Space Telescope has made additional gamma - ray maps of our Galaxy ( Figure 15-11 , bottom panel ) . A different ... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e telescope could image a higher - resolution view . ) NASA\u0026#39;s Swift satellite , mentioned in Sections\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA408","page_number":"408","snippet_text":"... rays and \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e throughout our Galaxy and elsewhere are studied as part of high - energy astrophysics . » Our Galaxy is a pinwheel - shaped spiral galaxy , with spiral arms marked by massive stars , open clusters , and nebulae\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA412","page_number":"412","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e image as Figure 16–1b . ) It uses false color to show radiation at three different infrared wavelengths , as indicated individually at bottom . These images are at much longer infrared wavelengths than had been imaged with the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA414","page_number":"414","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory view of M51 . This false- color image shows the more energetic \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e as blue , medium - energy \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e as green , and lower - energy \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e as red . A number of \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e sources are visible , with temperatures\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA417","page_number":"417","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e : ESA / XMM - Newton / EPIC / W. Pietsch , MPE ; optical : R. Gendler Optical Infrared Composite Infrared \u0026amp; \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays X\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e FIGURE 16–5 The Andromeda Galaxy , also known as M31 and NGC 224 , is the nearest large spiral\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA420","page_number":"420","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source IXO 5, probably a binary system with a black hole and a normal star orbiting each other, is also shown, though which of two faint stars in the circle it is cannot yet be determined. Several more-distant galaxies are seen\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA421","page_number":"421","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory in \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e . NASA\u0026#39;s Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) , launched in 2003 , was a small satellite that studied galax- ies and surveyed the sky in the ultraviolet . When its NASA support ended in 2012 , it was\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA422","page_number":"422","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e observations of rich clusters reveal a hot intergalactic gas ( 10 million to 100 million K ) within them , containing as much ( or more ) mass as the galaxies themselves ( □□□ Fig . 16-22 ) . The gas is clumped in some\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA423","page_number":"423","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory view. The dozens of bright points are neutron stars or black holes pulling gas off nearby stars. The bright patches come from the accumulated power of thousands of supernovae. (d) A Spitzer Space Telescope view\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA426","page_number":"426","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory Center SAO FIGURE 16-22 A false - color \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e image of 3C 295 , a cluster of galaxies , taken with the Chandra \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory . We see more irregularities than had been expected from earlier observations of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA438","page_number":"438","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory. (Although the ACS broke because of an electrical short-circuit in 2007, two of its three cameras were repaired by astro- nauts in 2009. They also installed the Wide Field Camera 3. It makes the high-resolution images\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA444","page_number":"444","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e because it is quite hot . PLANETS 0.05 % PLANETS + STARS + GAS The Hubble Space Telescope\u0026#39;s eXtreme Deep ... ray - emitting gas , MACHOS , and other constituents . The remaining 84 per cent is matter that does not consist\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA449","page_number":"449","snippet_text":"... years of observations. NASA, ESA, G. Illingworth, D. Magee, and P. Oesch (University of California, Santa Cruz), R. Bouwens (Leiden University), and the HUDF09 Team A combination of \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e data (shown in blue) from NASA\u0026#39;s."},{"page_id":"PA450","page_number":"450","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e data (shown in blue) from NASA\u0026#39;s Hubble Space Telescope and visual-light imaging (shown in yellow) from the Baade Telescope in Chile (one of the Magellan pair of telescopes) reveals a pair of quasars formed by the merger of two\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA452","page_number":"452","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e , ultraviolet , and radio . These galaxies are called \u0026quot; active \u0026quot; to ... ray and radio radiation . Active galaxies that are extraordinarily bright at ... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e , as in the case of Centaurus A Fig . 17-4 ) . ( a ) 22 20\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA453","page_number":"453","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e view of the jet in Centaurus A. The orientation is the same but the image scale is 2.5 times greater (in other words, a more close-up view). (c) Hubble Space Telescope views of the changes in the jet of M87 ( Figure 16–12a ) over\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA456","page_number":"456","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e : NASA / CXO ; Radio : MERLIN H 82 Ind H2 Ex1 In2 10 are I FIGURE 17-8 The jet of the quasar 3C 273 stems from the nucleus . Left to right , we see the jet in visible light from Hubble , \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003erays\u003c/b\u003e from Chandra , and radio waves\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA458","page_number":"458","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e satellites , and of course with ground - based radio surveys . After finding a quasar candidate with any technique , however , it is necessary to take a spectrum in order to verify that it is really a quasar and to measure its\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA463","page_number":"463","snippet_text":"... ray emissions Milky Way \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e emissions 50,000 light - years Sun ( b ) NASA / DOE / Fermi LAT / D. Finkbeiner et al . FIGURE 17-20 A gamma - ray image of the region near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy obtained with the Fermi\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA471","page_number":"471","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e Observatory view . The four images are only about 1 second of arc apart . Note that a different one of the four images , marked “ A , ” is brighter in the \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e band . This difference results from \u0026quot; microlensing , \u0026quot; when a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA522","page_number":"522","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e spacecraft that shows three component clusters ( and whose \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e contours are also superimposed on the Planck image ) . The supercluster was discovered by its silhouette against the cosmic background radiation . This effect\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA573","page_number":"573","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e : New Worlds and the Fate of Pluto ( New York : Copernicus Books ... \u003cb\u003eRay\u003c/b\u003e Jayawardhana , Strange New Worlds : The Search for Alien Planets and ... \u003cb\u003eRay\u003c/b\u003e Bursts ? ( Princeton : Princeton U. Press , 2011 ) . Timothy Ferris , Coming\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA585","page_number":"585","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e telescope ( Japan ) , 460 asterisms , 6–7 , 9 , 18 asteroid belt , 204 , 213 , 215 , 219 , 221 , 222-224 asteroids Annefrank , 213 Ceres , 202 , 204 , 206 , 221 Chiron , 207 defined , 197 dinosaur extinction theory and , 11 Eros\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA585\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA586","page_number":"586","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e binary stars bioastronomy , 541 , 556 bipolar ejection , 314–316 . See also Herbig - Haro objects blackbody ( thermal ) radiation , 22 , 24-25 COBE observations , 512 , 514 cold blackbody , 511 description , 24 , 32 mapping\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA586\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA590","page_number":"590","snippet_text":"... X - 1 variable \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source , 370 IceCube neutrino observatory , 324 , 325 , 330 , 348 “ ice giants , \u0026quot; 239 inclination ( of a planet\u0026#39;s orbit ) , 111 , 113 Indian Space Research Organization , 133 inflationary Universe , 526–533\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA590\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA591","page_number":"591","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e telescope , 460 BepiColombo Mercury mission , 143 solar - neutrino experiment , 323–324 Subaru telescope , 43 , 43t , 415 , 431 SuperKamiokande , 323 Suzaku \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e telescope , 360 , 368 , 460 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA591\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA594","page_number":"594","snippet_text":"... x , xi , xii , 52 , 59–60 , 61 , 73 , 131 , 137 , 143 , 144 , 171 , 191 ... Ray Observatory , 348-349 pillars of cosmology , 466 , 525 Pinwheel ( M101 ) ... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e binaries , 355-356 QMAP balloon experiment , 514 QSOs . See quasi\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA594\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA595","page_number":"595","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e source IXO 5 , 420 0957 + 561 A and B , 470 quasi - stellar objects ( QSOs ) , 455-456 . See also quasars 1229 + 204 , 461 2dF QSO Redshift Survey collaboration , 462 Queloz , Didier , 238 radial - velocity method , of exoplanet\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA595\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA597","page_number":"597","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e binary , 370 , 370–371 , 371 , 378 stellar evolution , 330 studies of , 22 suitability for life , 544–545 summer sky , 10 supergiants , 288 , 289 , 298 , 305 temperature , 280 , 280-282 , 283 , 284 , 287 , 288 , 289 , 291 , 295\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA597\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA598","page_number":"598","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ex\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e telescope ( Japan ) , 360 , 368 , 460 Swedish 1 - m Solar Telescope , 40 , 51 , 260 Swift satellite , 374–375 , 397 , 398 , 408 symmetry breaking , 529 , 531 , 534 , 534 synodic month , 70 , 70 synodic period , 68 Système\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA598\u0026vq=x-ray"},{"page_id":"PA599","page_number":"599","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eX\u003c/b\u003e - \u003cb\u003eray\u003c/b\u003e observatory studies , 52 , 335 density of , 273 mass comparison , 334-335 origin , 333 , 334 Sirius B , 335 size comparison , 289 , 334 stellar evolution illustration , 330 temperature - luminosity diagrams , 287 , 288 , 305\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA599\u0026vq=x-ray"}],"search_query_escaped":"x-ray"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>