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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Start_of_combat_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Start_of_combat_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Start of combat operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Start_of_combat_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pointblank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pointblank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Pointblank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pointblank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944-1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944-1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#91st_Bombardment_Group_in_film_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>91st Bombardment Group in film and literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-91st_Bombardment_Group_in_film_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-91st_Bombardment_Group_B-17's_on_exhibit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#91st_Bombardment_Group_B-17's_on_exhibit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>91st Bombardment Group B-17's on exhibit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-91st_Bombardment_Group_B-17's_on_exhibit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%2291st+Bombardment+Group%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">91st Bombardment Group (Heavy)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg/220px-Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg/330px-Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg/440px-Boeing_B-17G_Superfortress_Shoo_Shoo_Baby_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1349" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">91st Bombardment Group B-17 <i><a href="/wiki/Shoo_Shoo_Baby_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoo Shoo Baby (aircraft)">Shoo Shoo Baby</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Heavy bombardment group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Strategic bombardment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">1942: 35 aircraft; 48 crews; 1,800 personnel<br />1945: 72 aircraft; 96 crews; 2,200 personnel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bassingbourn" title="RAF Bassingbourn">RAF Bassingbourn</a>, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished Unit Citation">DUC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a>, 4 March 1943<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt-Regensburg_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission">Schweinfurt</a>, 17 August 1943<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>DUC: <a href="/wiki/Oschersleben" title="Oschersleben">Oschersleben</a>, 11 January 1944<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>340 combat missions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data">Stanley T. Wray</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>91st Bombardment Group</b> (Heavy) was an air combat unit of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> during the Second World War. Classified as a <a href="/wiki/USAAF_bombardment_group" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF bombardment group">heavy bombardment group</a>, the 91st operated <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a> aircraft and was known unofficially as "The Ragged Irregulars" or as "Wray's Ragged Irregulars", after the commander who took the group to England.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During its service in World War II the unit consisted of the <a href="/wiki/322nd_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="322nd Bombardment Squadron">322nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/323d_Strategic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="323d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron">323rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/324th_Expeditionary_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="324th Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron">324th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/401st_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="401st Bombardment Squadron">401st</a> Bomb Squadrons. The 91st Bombardment Group is most noted as the unit in which the bomber <i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Belle_(aircraft)" title="Memphis Belle (aircraft)">Memphis Belle</a></i> flew (in the 324th Bomb Squadron), and for having suffered the greatest number of losses of any heavy bombardment group in World War II. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Group_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (military aviation unit)">group</a> conducted 340 bombing missions with the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> over Europe, operating out of <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bassingbourn" title="RAF Bassingbourn">RAF Bassingbourn</a>. Inactivated at the end of the war, the group was brought back in 1947 as a reconnaissance group of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>, and then had its lineage and honors bestowed on like-numbered wings of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> (SAC), the <a href="/wiki/Space_Operations_Command" title="Space Operations Command">Air Force Space Command</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">Air Force Global Strike Command</a>. </p><p>From 1 July 1947, until its drawdown in February 1952, the 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Group provided worldwide surveillance, flying <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing RB-29s</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">North American RB-45s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">Boeing RB-47s</a> as a subordinate component of the <a href="/wiki/91st_Space_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="91st Space Wing">91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing</a>, consisting of the 322nd, 323rd, and 324th Strategic Recon Squadrons, and the <a href="/wiki/91st_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="91st Air Refueling Squadron">91st Air Refueling Squadron (Medium)</a>. The group was inactivated on 28 May 1952, as part of an SAC-wide termination of groups as an organizational echelon, while the wing and all subordinate units remained active until 8 November 1957. </p><p>The group was activated in 1991 as the <b>91st Operations Group</b>. Between 1991 and 1994, and since 1996, the 91st Operations Group, initially as part of the 91st Space Wing, and since renamed the <a href="/wiki/91st_Missile_Wing" title="91st Missile Wing">91st Missile Wing</a>, maintains the alert force of <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman III">Minuteman III</a> <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> maintained at <a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>. Its three missile squadrons, however, have no traditional link to the 91st Bombardment Group and were previously part of the <a href="/wiki/455th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="455th Strategic Missile Wing">455th Strategic Missile Wing</a> and 455th Bombardment Group. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_of_the_91st_Bomb_Group_(H)"><span id="Organization_of_the_91st_Bomb_Group_.28H.29"></span>Organization of the 91st Bomb Group (H)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization of the 91st Bomb Group (H)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS,_91st_BG_(USAAF)_in_flight_over_England_(UK),_circa_in_1943_(080129-f-3927s-210).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS%2C_91st_BG_%28USAAF%29_in_flight_over_England_%28UK%29%2C_circa_in_1943_%28080129-f-3927s-210%29.jpg/220px-Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS%2C_91st_BG_%28USAAF%29_in_flight_over_England_%28UK%29%2C_circa_in_1943_%28080129-f-3927s-210%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS%2C_91st_BG_%28USAAF%29_in_flight_over_England_%28UK%29%2C_circa_in_1943_%28080129-f-3927s-210%29.jpg/330px-Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS%2C_91st_BG_%28USAAF%29_in_flight_over_England_%28UK%29%2C_circa_in_1943_%28080129-f-3927s-210%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS%2C_91st_BG_%28USAAF%29_in_flight_over_England_%28UK%29%2C_circa_in_1943_%28080129-f-3927s-210%29.jpg/440px-Boeing_B-17F_of_the_323rd_BS%2C_91st_BG_%28USAAF%29_in_flight_over_England_%28UK%29%2C_circa_in_1943_%28080129-f-3927s-210%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>B-17F <i>The Careful Virgin</i>, 323rd Bomb Squadron, completed 80 missions and transferred to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aphrodite" title="Operation Aphrodite">Operation Aphrodite</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>91st Bombardment Group</b> (Heavy) was activated on 14 April 1942, by General Order 31 of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third Air Force</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wartime_command_staff">Wartime command staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wartime command staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Group Commanders</th> <th align="center">Dates of command</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st Lt. Edward R. Akert</td> <td>15 April 1942 – 15 May 1942</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Col. Stanley T. Wray</td> <td>15 May 1942 – 22 May 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. William M. Reid</td> <td>22 May 1943 – 25 June 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Clemens L. Wurzbach</td> <td>25 June 1943 – 12 December 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Col. Claude E. Putnam</td> <td>12 December 1943 – 16 May 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Col. Henry W. Terry¹</td> <td>17 May 1944 – 30 May 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Col. Donald E. Sheeler</td> <td>30 May 1945 – 23 June 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Deputy Group Commanders</th> <th align="center">Dates of service</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Baskin R. Lawrence, Jr.</td> <td>16 May 1942 – 1 May 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. William M. Reid</td> <td>1 May 1943 – 22 May 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>unknown</td> <td>23 May 1943 – 13 September 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Theodore_R._Milton" title="Theodore R. Milton">Theodore R. Milton</a></td> <td>13 September 1943 – 23 October 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col.Donald E. Sheeler</td> <td>23 October 1944 – 30 May 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Immanuel J. Klette</td> <td>30 May 1945—July 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Operations officers (S-3's)</th> <th align="center">Dates of service</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Major Edward P. Myers</td> <td>15 October 1942 – 30 December 1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">Killed in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Baskin R. Lawrence</td> <td>January 1943 – 1 May 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. David G. Alford</td> <td>23 May 1943 – 4 February 1944</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">Prisoner of war</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Charles D. Lee, Jr.</td> <td>5 February 1944 – 22 April 1944</td> <td>Prisoner of war </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Donald E. Sheeler<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>26 April 1944 – 1 December 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Marvin D. Lord</td> <td>1 December 1944 – 3 February 1945</td> <td>Killed in action </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Karl W. Thompson</td> <td>4 February 1945—June 1945</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squadron_commanders">Squadron commanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Squadron commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four heavy bomb <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadrons</a> were constituted 16 May 1942, and assigned to the group. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/322d_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="322d Bombardment Squadron">322d Bombardment Squadron</a> (Heavy)</th> <th align="center">Dates of command</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Major Victor Zienowicz</td> <td>16 May 1942 – 23 November 1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">Killed in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Paul Fishburne</td> <td>24 November 1942 – 19 May 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Robert B. Campbell</td> <td>20 May 1943 – 16 July 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Donald E. Sheeler</td> <td>16 July 1943 – 25 April 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Leroy B. Everett</td> <td>25 April 1944 – 26 August 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Karl W. Thompson</td> <td>26 August 1944 – 5 February 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Edwin F. Close</td> <td>5 February 1945—June 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/323d_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="323d Bombardment Squadron">323d Bombardment Squadron</a> (Heavy)</td> <td align="center">Dates of command</td> <td>Notes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Paul Brown</td> <td>16 May 1942 – 22 April 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major John C. Bishop</td> <td>25 May 1943 – 22 January 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. James F. Berry</td> <td>22 January 1944 – 3 October 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Willis J. Taylor</td> <td>3 October 1944—June 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/324th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="324th Bombardment Squadron">324th Bombardment Squadron</a> (Heavy)</td> <td align="center">Dates of command</td> <td>Casualty Status </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Harold Smelser</td> <td>16 May 1942 – 23 November 1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">Killed in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Claude E. Putnam</td> <td>29 November 1942 – 17 February 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Haley Aycock</td> <td>17 February 1943—unknown 1943</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Richard W. Wietzenfeld</td> <td>unknown 1943 – 30 July 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Immanuel J. Klette</td> <td>30 July 1944 – 30 May 1945</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/401st_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="401st Bombardment Squadron">401st Bombardment Squadron</a> (Heavy)</td> <td align="center">Dates of command</td> <td>Casualty Status </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Edward P. Myers</td> <td>16 May 1942 – 15 October 1942</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Captain Haley W. Aycock</td> <td>15 October 1942 – 8 November 1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action">Wounded in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major Edward P. Myers<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>9 November 1942 – 30 December 1942</td> <td>Killed in action </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lt. Col. Clyde G. Gillespie</td> <td>31 December 1942 – 25 April 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major James H. McPartlin</td> <td>25 April 1944 – 1 July 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LtCol. Marvin D. Lord</td> <td>1 July 1944 – 1 December 1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major John D. Davis</td> <td>1 December 1944—June 1945</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Component_support_organizations">Component support organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Component support organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron (Lt. Col. Louis H. Magee, <a href="/wiki/Adjutant" title="Adjutant">Adjutant</a>)</li> <li>364th Service Squadron</li> <li>39th Service & Support Group (detachment)</li> <li>161st Quartermaster Company (detachment)</li> <li>863rd Chemical Company</li> <li>982d Military Police Company</li> <li>1076th Ordnance Company</li> <li>1204th Quartermaster Company (detachment)</li> <li>1696th Ordnance Company</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Established 28 January 1942, and activated on 14 April 1942 at <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport">Harding Field</a>, Louisiana, the 91st Bombardment Group consisted of a small administrative cadre without subordinate units until 13 May 1942, when it was moved to <a href="/wiki/MacDill_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDill Field">MacDill Field</a>, Florida. There Lt. Col. Stanley T. Wray took command of the group, and the four flying squadrons assigned to the group were activated. The 91st received air crews and began phase one training with just three B-17's available. On 26 June 1942, the group (now consisting of 83 officers and 78 enlisted men) was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second Air Force</a> and moved to <a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla_Army_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Walla Walla Army Air Base">Walla Walla Army Air Base</a>, Washington to complete phase two training, with two squadrons operating from satellite fields at <a href="/wiki/Pendleton_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendleton Field">Pendleton Field</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redmond_Army_Air_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redmond Army Air Base (page does not exist)">Redmond Army Air Base</a>, Oregon. </p><p>The 91st received orders to deploy overseas and on 24 August 1942, the ground echelon entrained for <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dix" title="Fort Dix">Fort Dix</a>, New Jersey, where it remained until 5 September, embarking on the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary" title="RMS Queen Mary">RMS <i>Queen Mary</i></a>. Arriving at <a href="/wiki/Greenock" title="Greenock">Greenock</a>, Scotland, on 11 September, the ground echelon moved by train to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Kimbolton" title="RAF Kimbolton">RAF Kimbolton</a>, a war expansion airfield in the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">English Midlands</a>. </p><p>Part of the air echelon moved on 24 August 1942, to <a href="/wiki/Gowen_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowen Field">Gowen Field</a>, Idaho, where it received six new <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17</a>F aircraft. From there it flew by pairs, making frequent stops, to <a href="/wiki/Dow_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Dow Field">Dow Field</a>, Maine. The remainder of the air crews relocated to Dow by train, arriving 1 September. Between 4 and 24 September the group flew training missions while it received 29 additional B-17's from air depots in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Dauphin_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania">Middletown, Pennsylvania</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a>, Wyoming; <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a>, Oklahoma; and <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a>, Colorado, and conducted phase three training. </p><p>The group moved by squadrons to the United Kingdom, beginning with the 324th Bombardment Squadron on 25 September, flying to <a href="/wiki/Gander,_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gander, Newfoundland">Gander, Newfoundland</a>. The 324th made a non-stop flight along the North Ferry Route on 30 September, landing at <a href="/wiki/Prestwick_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestwick Airport">Prestwick Airport</a>, Scotland. The 322d Bombardment Squadron moved to Gander on 30 September, and Prestwick on 1 October, followed by one day by the 401st Bombardment Squadron. The group lost one of its 35 bombers during transit when a 401st B-17 crashed in fog into a hillside near <a href="/wiki/Cushendall" title="Cushendall">Cushendall</a>, Northern Ireland, killing 8 of the crew and a <a href="/wiki/Flight_surgeon" title="Flight surgeon">flight surgeon</a>. </p><p>The 324th Squadron flew as a unit from Prestwick to Kimbolton on 1 October, followed by the 322nd on 2 October and the 401st on 6 October. On 10 October, the remaining squadron, the 323rd, flew to Gander from Dow. It did not reach Prestwick until 14 October, by which time the 91st had changed bases. </p><p><a href="/wiki/VIII_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="VIII Bomber Command">VIII Bomber Command</a> had assigned the 91st to Kimbolton intending it to be its operational base. The installation was of war-time construction and had not yet been reconstructed to <a href="/wiki/Class_A_airfield" title="Class A airfield">Class A airfield</a> specifications. Intended as a light or medium bomber field, its runways were not suitable for the combat weights of B-17s fully loaded with bombs and fuel. Three practice missions in as many days indicated to the staff of the 91st that the runway would quickly deteriorate and Colonel Wray immediately consulted Col. Newton Longfellow, VIII BC commander, who suggested Wray inspect the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">RAF Bomber Command</a> <a href="/wiki/Operational_Training_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Training Unit">OTU</a> base at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bassingbourn" title="RAF Bassingbourn">RAF Bassingbourn</a>, Cambridgeshire (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=91st_Bombardment_Group&params=52_06_N_00_03_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">00°03′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.100°N 0.050°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.100; -0.050</span></span></span></a></span></span>), to see if it might be suitable. </p><p>Wray traveled to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bassingbourn" title="RAF Bassingbourn">RAF Bassingbourn</a>, located four miles (6 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Royston, Hertfordshire">Royston</a>. Not only was the base more appealing from its closer proximity to London, but it had been constructed in 1938 and was considerably more comfortable, with permanent brick buildings, including barracks for enlisted personnel (in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Nissen_hut" title="Nissen hut">Nissen huts</a> at Kimbolton), landscaped grounds with curbed roadways (Kimbolton, like many war-time fields, was noted for muddy conditions); and had already been re-constructed to a Class A airfield. </p><p>Wray contacted his staff and ordered them to prepare for immediate relocation. On 14 October, without prior approval, the 91st moved itself and all of its equipment to Bassingbourn in one day and took possession of the station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Start_of_combat_operations">Start of combat operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Start of combat operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memphis_Belle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Memphis_Belle.jpg/220px-Memphis_Belle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Memphis_Belle.jpg/330px-Memphis_Belle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Memphis_Belle.jpg/440px-Memphis_Belle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2909" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Memphis Belle</i>, 324th Bomb Squadron</figcaption></figure> <p>The 91st began combat operations on 4 November 1942, when it received a field order for a mission to bomb the <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> pens at <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest, France</a>, later changed to an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> airfield at <a href="/wiki/Abbeville" title="Abbeville">Abbeville</a>. Thirty minutes before takeoff the mission was cancelled ("scrubbed" in the parlance of that time) because of poor weather. These circumstances were typical of those encountered daily by all the heavy bomber groups in the autumn of 1942 as they pioneered the concept of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">strategic bombing</a> by daylight. </p><p>On 4 November the Eighth Air Force consisted of just nine groups. Four (91st, 97th, 301st and 303d) had been earmarked for the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth Air Force</a> in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a> and were in England to acquire combat experience and stage for forward movement to North Africa. Two (97th and 301st) had already been withdrawn from operations to prepare for imminent transfer to <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and another (92nd) to act as an operational training unit (OTU) for replacement combat crews. Of the six remaining units only the <a href="/wiki/93rd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="93rd Bombardment Group">93rd Bombardment Group</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated B-24 Liberator</a> unit) and the <a href="/wiki/306th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="306th Bombardment Group">306th Bombardment Group</a> were operational, and the 306th had flown only two missions. As late as 15 December the impending transfer of the 91st BG to Algeria was postponed because of logistics difficulties and a shortage of airdromes in North Africa. </p><p>The group's first mission was to <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest, France</a>, on 7 November. The target was the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> base, and was the first of 28 missions against the <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> force in the following eight months. In all, eight missions were flown in November 1942, seven of them against the sub pens. The last of these, on 23 November, resulted in the disastrous loss of two squadron commanders, the group navigator, the group bombardier, and three of the five airplanes attacking. </p><p>In December 1942 VIII Bomber Command issued two-letter squadron identification codes to be painted on the fuselages of the bombers: </p> <ul><li>322nd BS – LG</li> <li>323rd BS – OR</li> <li>324th BS – DF</li> <li>401st BS – LL</li></ul> <p>The 91st was made a part of the 101st Provisional Bomb Wing on 3 January 1943. Its first mission to a target in Germany occurred 27 January, and it earned the first of two <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished Unit Citation">Distinguished Unit Citations</a> on 4 March when it continued an attack against the <a href="/wiki/Marshalling_yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshalling yard">marshalling yards</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a>, Germany, after all the other groups had turned back because of poor weather conditions. On 17 April the group led the Eighth Air Force on its first mission against the German aircraft industry, attacking <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>. German fighter reaction was intense and sustained, and the Eighth lost twice as many bombers as on any previous mission. The 91st had six B-17s shot down, all from the 401st Bomb Squadron. </p><p>During this phase the group received a substantial number of aircraft to replace those lost or written off. However replacements for lost crewmen were few and made by transfer of individuals. The influx of replacement crews from the Combat Crew Replacement Center at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bovingdon" title="RAF Bovingdon">Bovingdon</a> did not begin until March 1943 when the personnel requirements of Operation Torch were largely fulfilled. As the 91st developed combat experience, it experienced a decrease in aircraft commanders, apart from missing aircraft and wounds, from moving pilots into command and staff positions. Without an adequate pool of replacements, many co-pilots were upgraded to aircraft commanders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pointblank">Pointblank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pointblank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second phase of combat operations, coinciding with the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Pointblank_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointblank Directive">Pointblank Directive</a> to target German airpower, began in May 1943. The Eighth developed in the next three months into a force of sixteen B-17 groups and began attacking industrial targets deep inside Germany beginning at the end of July. Col. Wray left the 91st on 22 May to become commander of a new wing, the 103rd Provisional Combat Bomb Wing. He was replaced by the group deputy commander, Lt. Col. William Reid, formerly of the <a href="/wiki/92nd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="92nd Bombardment Group">92nd Bombardment Group</a>. Lt. Col. Baskin Lawrence, who had been the deputy commander of the 91st from its date of activation, had left the group 1 May to command the 92nd. </p><p>On 25 June 1943, a wholesale shifting of command officers between the two groups occurred. Col. Lawrence departed the 92nd to become commander of a new <a href="/wiki/RAF_Alconbury#482d_Bombardment_Group_(Pathfinder)" title="RAF Alconbury">"Pathfinder" group</a> drawn from a squadron of the 92nd, and was replaced by Col. Reid, who left the 91st to command his old group. The 91st received its third commander, Lt. Col. Clemens Wurzbach, who had been Lawrence's deputy commander. </p><p>During this transition period the 91st also had its first crews finish their required combat tours and return to the United States, including the crew of the <i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Belle_(B-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis Belle (B-17)">Memphis Belle</a></i>. Of the original roster of combat crews, 32% completed their tours, 15% were reassigned to other commands, and the rest became casualties. At the end of June it also acquired its most recognizable symbol, the "<b>Triangle A</b>" group <a href="/wiki/Unit_identification_aircraft_markings" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit identification aircraft markings">tail marking</a> often used in films about B-17s. </p><p>On 17 August 1943, the 91st Group led a <a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt-Regensburg_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission">mission to bomb the ball-bearing factories</a> at <a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a>, Germany, losing 10 aircraft. This was the first of several missions between then and 14 October 1943, in which the Eighth Air Force, flying beyond the range of its fighter escorts, suffered severe losses of aircraft and crews. The 91st had 28 aircraft shot down during this period, the most of any group in the Eighth. The remainder of the second phase of operations saw a suspension of deep penetration missions until long-range escort fighters became available. </p><p>Until 22 September 1943, the 91st BG had been equipped entirely with <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress_variants#B-17F" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress variants">B-17F</a> aircraft that had not been modified for longer-range <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_tanks" title="Tokyo tanks">Tokyo tanks</a>. On that date it received is first <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress_variants#B-17G" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress variants">B-17G</a>, which would become the standard bomber of the Eighth Air Force in 1944–1945. It continued to receive B-17F replacement aircraft, along with the B-17G's, until 24 December 1943. </p><p>Col. Wurzbach completed his tour of duty on 12 December 1943, and was replaced by Col. Claude E. Putnam, a former commander of the 324th Bomb Squadron, who returned to his old group from duty as the commander of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=306th_Bomardment_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="306th Bomardment Group (page does not exist)">306th Bomardment Group</a>, where he had been pilot of the lead aircraft on the first mission to Germany nearly a year before. Wurzbach had commanded the group for 44 missions; Putnam would command it for 63. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944-1945">1944-1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1944-1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg/220px-B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg/330px-B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg/440px-B-17-231503-bassingborne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Nine-O-Nine_(B-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine-O-Nine (B-17)">Nine-O-Nine</a></i>, 323rd BS B-17G, displaying 1st Combat Bomb Wing tail markings</figcaption></figure> <p>The 91st won its second DUC as part of the six-group task force attacking the <a href="/wiki/AGO_Flugzeugwerke" title="AGO Flugzeugwerke">AGO Flugzeugwerke</a> assembly factory (license-building the <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>A) at <a href="/wiki/Oschersleben" title="Oschersleben">Oschersleben</a>, Germany, on 11 January 1944. This attack marked the renewal of the heavy bomber offensive against targets in all areas of the German Reich. Although losses were heavy (34 from the Oschersleben task force and 60 overall), three targets were struck by over 600 bombers and a group of <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustangs</a> was part of the escort force. </p><p>From 20 to 25 February 1944, known as "<a href="/wiki/Big_Week" title="Big Week">Big Week</a>", the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Strategic Air Forces">United States Strategic Air Forces</a> conducted Operation Argument, a campaign against the German aircraft industry with the goal of achieving air superiority over Europe by drawing the German fighter force into combat. 800 to 1000 bombers, escorted by 700 to 900 fighters, struck multiple targets daily from both England and Italy. The 91st flew all five days, losing ten aircraft, and on 24 February attacked Schweinfurt for the third time. </p><p>The first attack by the 91st on Berlin came on 6 March, when it led the entire Eighth Air Force at a loss of 69 bombers (6 of them from the 91st), followed by half a dozen more to the German capital in the next two months. On 12 May the Eighth Air Force began a costly campaign against oil and synthetic oil production facilities that continued to the end of the war. On 17 May, Col. Putnam completed his tour as commanding officer of the 91st Group and Col. Henry W. Terry took command, which he would retain for 185 missions to the end of hostilities in Europe. Aided by the use of <a href="/wiki/H2X_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="H2X radar">radar-equipped</a> <a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF)" title="Pathfinder (RAF)">Pathfinder force</a> bombers, the 91st BG averaged a mission every other day for the remainder of the war. </p><p>In addition to bombing strategic targets, often at great loss in aircraft and crews, the 91st also made tactical strikes in support of the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_Landings" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandy Landings">Allied landings in France</a>, in the battles for <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">German winter counteroffensive</a>, and during the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Allied offensive across the Rhine River</a>. </p><p>Beginning 16 March 1944, the 91st began receiving replacement B-17's that were by a change in USAAF policy no longer painted <a href="/wiki/Olive_drab" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive drab">olive drab</a>, and the bomber force became almost completely "natural metal finish" by July 1944. The 1st Combat Bomb Wing, of which the 91st was a part, adopted the use of a red <a href="/wiki/Stabilizer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilizer (aircraft)">empennage</a> and wingtips in June 1944 to more easily identify its groups during assembly for missions. The 91st retained its "Triangle A" tail marking as well. </p><p>The intensity of operations during this phase is reflected by the 100 B-17's lost by the 91st Group during 1944, compared to 84 in 1943, despite the diminution of the Luftwaffe during the spring and summer. Radar-directed <a href="/wiki/Flak" class="mw-redirect" title="Flak">flak</a> became very proficient in defending critical targets and the fighter force hoarded its pilots and fuel for occasional mass interceptions of the bombers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg/220px-B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg/330px-B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg/440px-B-17G_Destroyed_by_Flak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption><i>Wee Willie</i>, a B-17G of <a href="/wiki/322d_Expeditionary_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="322d Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron">322d Squadron</a>, after flak hit over <a href="/wiki/Stendal" title="Stendal">Stendal</a>, 8 April 1945<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The 91st BG experienced its worst loss of the war during this period on 2 November 1944, when it attacked the <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben" title="IG Farben">I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.</a> <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">synthetic oil</a> plant at <a href="/wiki/Leuna" title="Leuna">Leuna</a>, southeast of <a href="/wiki/Merseburg" title="Merseburg">Merseburg</a>, Germany. Suffering several losses to intense <a href="/wiki/Flak" class="mw-redirect" title="Flak">flak</a>, for which this target was notorious, the 91st found itself isolated from the bomber stream at the division rally point, where it was attacked by large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Fw 190A-R8</a> <i>sturm</i> fighters of IV./<a href="/wiki/JG_3" class="mw-redirect" title="JG 3">JG 3</a>. In all, thirteen B-17s of the 91st were shot down out of 37 dispatched and half of the remainder suffered major battle damage. 49 of the 117 crewmen aboard the Fortresses were killed and the remainder captured.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 91st Group experienced its final aircraft loss on 17 April 1945, and flew its last mission, to <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Pilsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, on 25 April. The 91st had been alerted for 500 combat missions, of which 160 were scrubbed or recalled and 340 completed. Immediately after <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a>, it flew three days of operations to rescue Allied <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> incarcerated at Stalag Luft I in <a href="/wiki/Barth_(Pomerania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barth (Pomerania)">Barth</a>, Germany, as part of Operation Revival, bringing out 2,032 prisoners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em;" width="250px"> <caption>91st BG losses<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center">197</td> <td>B-17s lost in combat </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">10</td> <td>B-17s lost in accidents </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">887</td> <td>Air crew <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">33</td> <td>Air crew killed in accidents </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">123</td> <td>Air crew <a href="/wiki/Missing_in_action" title="Missing in action">missing in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">959</td> <td>Air crew <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">captured</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 91st Group had at least 392 B-17s assigned to it at some point of the war. Of these, 40 were transferred to other commands, 37 were retired as unsuitable for further operations, and 71 were on hand at the end of hostilities. The rest were lost: 197 in combat, 37 written off, and 10 in training crashes. Of the combat losses, the 401st and 323rd Squadrons each lost 55, the 322nd Squadron lost 49, and the 324th Squadron 38. </p><p>Approximately 5,200 crewmen flew combat missions for the 91st from 1942 to 1945. 19% were killed or missing (887 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Killed_in_actio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Killed in actio (page does not exist)">Killed in actio</a> and 123 <a href="/wiki/Missing_in_action" title="Missing in action">Missing in action</a> (MIA) and 18% (959) became prisoners of war. 33 others were killed in flying accidents. Of the 35 original crews to arrive at Bassingbourn, 17 were lost in combat (47%). Daily records indicate that for the first six months of operations, 22 of 46 listed crews were lost (48%). </p><p>The fatalities in the 91st Group, equivalent to an infantry regiment in numbers of combat personnel, exceeded the killed-in-action of more than half (47) of the Army's ground force divisions, and equaled or exceeded the rate of killed-in-action in the infantry regiments of 35 others. Only seven divisions (all infantry) had killed-in-action rates higher than the 91st BG.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_campaigns">Honors and campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Honors and campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="left"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished Unit Citation">Distinguished Unit Citation</a></i> </p> <ul><li>Hamm, 4 March 1943</li> <li>Oschersleben, 11 January 1944</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><i>World War II:</i> </p> <ul><li>Air Offensive, Europe</li> <li>Normandy</li> <li>Northern France</li> <li>Rhineland</li> <li>Ardennes-Alsace</li> <li>Central Europe</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_and_USAF_history">Post-war and USAF history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-war and USAF history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">91st Operations Group</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:91st_Space_Wing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/91st_Space_Wing.png/200px-91st_Space_Wing.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/91st_Space_Wing.png/300px-91st_Space_Wing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/91st_Space_Wing.png/400px-91st_Space_Wing.png 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="2036" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1991</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Missile operations</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Strategic deterrence</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">150 <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman III">Minuteman III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/91st_Space_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="91st Space Wing">91st Space Wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Minot_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minot AFB">Minot AFB</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/91st_Missile_Wing" title="91st Missile Wing">91st Missile Wing</a></div> <p>The air echelon left Bassingbourn on 27 May 1945, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Drew_Field_Municipal_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Drew Field Municipal Airport">Drew AAB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a>, Florida. The ground echelon sailed on the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Queen_Elizabeth" title="RMS Queen Elizabeth">RMS <i>Queen Elizabeth</i></a> to New York on 24 June. The group reunited on 2 July, to prepare for transfer to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Theater</a>, but many members had been transferred to other units and no further training was conducted before the war ended. The group was inactivated on 7 November 1945. </p><p>Following the war the group was redesignated the <b>91st Reconnaissance Group</b>, assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a>, and activated on 1 July 1947 at <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> became a separate service, the 91st was redesignated the <b>91st Strategic Reconnaissance Group</b> on 10 November 1948, and made a part of the <a href="/wiki/91st_Space_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="91st Space Wing">91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing</a>. It operated a variety of aircraft, including B-17's, RB-17's, <a href="/wiki/B-29" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29">B-29</a>'s and RB-29's, and <a href="/wiki/B-50_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-50 Superfortress">B-50</a>'s. On 6 July 1950, it was redesignated the <b>91st Strategic Reconnaissance Group (Medium)</b> and equipped with the <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet</a> <a href="/wiki/B-45_Tornado#RB-45C" class="mw-redirect" title="B-45 Tornado">RB-45C</a>. The group was removed from operations on 10 February 1952, when its squadrons were assigned directly to the wing, and inactivated on 28 May 1952. </p><p>The organization was redesignated as the <b>91st Operations Group</b> on 29 August 1991, and activated at <a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>. on 1 September 1991. Inactivated on 1 July 1994, it was again activated on 1 February 1996. The 91st OG is responsible for the operations of three missile squadrons maintaining a nuclear alert force of 150 <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman (missile)">LGM-30G Minuteman III</a> <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBMs</a> and 15 alert facilities spread across 8,500 square miles (22,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of territory. The squadrons of the 91st OG are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/740th_Missile_Squadron" title="740th Missile Squadron">740th Missile Squadron</a> – "Vulgar Vultures"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/741st_Missile_Squadron" title="741st Missile Squadron">741st Missile Squadron</a> – "Gravelhaulers"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/742d_Missile_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="742d Missile Squadron">742d Missile Squadron</a> – "Wolf Pack"</li> <li>91st Operations Support Squadron – "Pathfinders"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Helicopter_Squadron" title="54th Helicopter Squadron">54th Helicopter Squadron</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" align="left"> <caption>USAF group commanders<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date of command </th> <th align="center">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td>Col. Frank L. Dunn </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 November 1948</td> <td>Lt. Col. Robert S. Kittel </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 June 1949</td> <td>Col. Charles R. Greening </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 August 1949</td> <td>Major James I. Cox </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 October 1949</td> <td>Col. Jean R. Byerly </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 November 1950</td> <td>Col. Lewis E. Lyle </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 1951</td> <td>Col. Joseph A. Preston </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 September 1991</td> <td>Col. Kenneth R. Beeck </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 February 1992</td> <td>Col. Wayne E. DeReu </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 June 1993 – 1 July 1994</td> <td>Lt. Col. Jeffrey A. Kwallek </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 February 1996</td> <td>Col. Michael M. Evans </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 June 1996</td> <td>Col. <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Mercer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt Mercer, Jr.">Roosevelt Mercer, Jr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 January 1998</td> <td>Col. Stephen G. Cullen </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 May 1999</td> <td>Col. Evan J. Hoapili </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members_of_the_91st_Bombardment_Group">Notable members of the 91st Bombardment Group</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable members of the 91st Bombardment Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1st Lt (later Maj Gen USAF) <a href="/wiki/William_J._Crumm" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Crumm">William J. Crumm</a>, 324th Bomb Squadron. An original member of the group and flew eleven of its first seventeen missions. He and his crew were the first to return from combat, assigned on 14 February 1942, to return to the United States to prepare a training manual for bomber crews. Promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a>, Crumm later commanded the <a href="/wiki/61st_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="61st Bombardment Squadron">61st Bombardment Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/39th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="39th Bombardment Group">39th Bombardment Group</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth Air Force</a>, operating <a href="/wiki/B-29" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29">B-29s</a> against Japan. He went on to become a <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">major general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> and died in the mid-air collision of two <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a> bombers on 6 July 1967, returning from a mission to <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>.</li> <li>MSgt Rollin L. Davis, 323rd Bomb Squadron. A maintenance line chief in charge of B-17 42-31909, nicknamed <i><a href="/wiki/Nine-O-Nine_(B-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine-O-Nine (B-17)">Nine-O-Nine</a></i> (pictured above), which completed 140 missions between 25 February 1944 and the end of the war, at least 126 in a row without turning back because of mechanical failure, for which MSgt Davis received the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star</a>.</li> <li>Lt Col (later Col USAF) <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_J._Klette" title="Immanuel J. Klette">Immanuel J. Klette</a>, 324th Bomb Squadron. Flew 91 bomber missions as a co-pilot and pilot with the 306th Bombardment Group, and as a command pilot with the 91st. Over 30 of his missions were as group, wing, division, or air force mission commander while serving with the 91st BG. His 91 sorties are the most by any Eighth Air Force pilot in World War II.</li> <li>Capt (later Col USAF) <a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Morgan" title="Robert K. Morgan">Robert K. Morgan</a>, 324th Bomb Squadron. An original member of the group, piloted the <i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Belle_(B-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis Belle (B-17)">Memphis Belle</a></i> in combat and returned it to the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Stiles" title="Bert Stiles">Bert Stiles</a>, an author who joined 401st Bomb Squadron in 1944 and completed tour. Converted to fighters and killed in action November 26, 1944.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="91st_Bombardment_Group_in_film_and_literature">91st Bombardment Group in film and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 91st Bombardment Group in film and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Belle:_A_Story_of_a_Flying_Fortress" title="Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress">Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress</a></i>, a 1944 documentary film</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Belle_(film)" title="Memphis Belle (film)">Memphis Belle</a></i>, a 1990 film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Stiles" title="Bert Stiles">Bert Stiles</a>, <i>Serenade to the Big Bird</i>, a 1944 memoir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hersey" title="John Hersey">John Hersey</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_Lover" title="The War Lover">The War Lover</a></i>, a 1959 novel and film (the novel uses the fictional base "Pike Rilling" as its locale and an unnamed group, but all details of the novel are taken directly from 91st BG daily records)</li> <li>The tail markings of the 91st were used as those of the fictional 918th Bombardment Group in the film and television series <i><a href="/wiki/Twelve_O%27Clock_High" title="Twelve O'Clock High">Twelve O'Clock High</a></i>. At least one incident, a mission to Hamm on 4 March 1943 in which all the other groups except the 91st turned back for bad weather, was also portrayed in the film.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Halpert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Halpert (page does not exist)">Sam Halpert</a>, <i>A Real Good War</i>, a semi-autobiographical account of a 35 mission tour with the 91st Bombardment Group.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bowden" title="Ray Bowden">Ray Bowden</a>, <b>Plane Names & Fancy Noses – 91st Bomb Group</b>, nose art and named planes of the 91BG with brief histories. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk">www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk</a> for fuller details.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="91st_Bombardment_Group_B-17's_on_exhibit"><span id="91st_Bombardment_Group_B-17.27s_on_exhibit"></span>91st Bombardment Group B-17's on exhibit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 91st Bombardment Group B-17's on exhibit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg/220px-Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg/330px-Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg/440px-Memphis_Belle_-_180514-F-IO108-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption><i>Memphis Belle</i> at the National Museum of the United States Air Force after its restoration was completed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShooShooShoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ShooShooShoo.jpg/220px-ShooShooShoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ShooShooShoo.jpg/330px-ShooShooShoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ShooShooShoo.jpg/440px-ShooShooShoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Shoo Shoo Baby</i> at the National Museum of the United States Air Force before reversion to its original nickname</figcaption></figure> <p>Two 91st <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17's</a> survive, one at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>, Ohio and the other at the <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Virginia" title="Chantilly, Virginia">Chantilly, Virginia</a>. </p> <ul><li>B-17F serial 41-24485-10-BO, 324th BS, marked DF A, <i><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Belle_(B-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis Belle (B-17)">Memphis Belle</a></i>, combat 7 November 1942 to 19 May 1943. Returned to United States to sell war bonds on 8 June 1943. First placed on outdoor display at <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> in 1949, where it slowly deteriorated from weather and vandalism. Moved to <a href="/wiki/Mud_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud Island">Mud Island</a> in 1987, but was still exposed to the elements. Disassembled and taken to Naval Air Station Memphis in 2003 for restoration. Acquired by the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> in mid-October 2005. There it underwent full restoration and was unveiled at the museum on 17 May 2018. It appears as it did shortly after completing its 25th mission.</li> <li>B-17G serial 42-32076-35-BO, 401st BS, marked LL E, <i><a href="/wiki/Shoo_Shoo_Baby_(B-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoo Shoo Baby (B-17)">Shoo Shoo Baby</a></i>, in combat 24 March 1944 to 29 May 1944, crash-landed <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> Airport, Sweden. Repaired in Sweden, it had been used as a civilian transport and recovered in 1972, where it was dismantled, taken to <a href="/wiki/Dover_Air_Force_Base" title="Dover Air Force Base">Dover Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, for restoration, and turned over to the museum on 13 October 1988. Due to the amount of skin work required to restore its wartime appearance, it is finished in olive drab and grey, instead of bare-metal as it was during its USAAF service, and has been restored to its original name, <i>Shoo Shoo Baby</i>. It was replaced by <i>Memphis Belle</i> in 2018, and was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a> in August 2023, where it currently awaits reassembly and a dedicated display.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lt. Col. Sheeler, while Operations Officer, was also acting group commander from 15 November 1944, to 30 December 1944, in the absence of Col. Terry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Major Myers, the Group's S-3, was also acting 401st BS commander because of casualties.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aircraft losses from Havelaar, total from USAAF via Freeman. Personnel losses from both. Crew losses from 91st BG daily logs.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Havelaar, Marion H., and Hess, William N., <i>The Ragged Irregulars of Bassingbourn: The 91st Bombardment Group in World War II</i>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-810-6">978-0-88740-810-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/8-april-1945/">thisdayinaviation.com 8 April 1945</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MERSEBURG: Blood, Flak & Oil <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/merseburg-bfo.htm">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Havelaar, Chapter 16 "Massacre at Merseburg", pp. 161–169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The seven divisions were the 3rd, 4th, 9th, 29th, 1st, 45th, and 29th Infantry Divisions.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bishop, Cliff T. <i>Fortresses of the Big Triangle First</i>. 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-869987-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-869987-00-8">978-1-869987-00-8</a></li> <li>Bowman, Martin W. <i>USAAF Handbook 1939–1945</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1822-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1822-6">978-0-8117-1822-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreeman" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Roger A. <i>The Mighty Eighth</i> (1993 ed.). Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-638-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-638-2"><bdi>978-0-87938-638-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mighty+Eighth&rft.edition=1993&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.isbn=978-0-87938-638-2&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A91st+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger A. <i>The Mighty Eighth War Diary</i>. 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-495-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-495-1">978-0-87938-495-1</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1991" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Roger A. (1991) [1981]. <i>The Mighty Eighth War Manual</i>. Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-513-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-513-2"><bdi>978-0-87938-513-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mighty+Eighth+War+Manual&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87938-513-2&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A91st+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Havelaar, Marion H. and William N. Hess. <i>The Ragged Irregulars of Bassingbourn: The 91st Bombardment Group in World War II</i>. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-810-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-810-6">978-0-88740-810-6</a>.</li> <li>Ravenstein, Charles A. <i>Air Force Combat Wings, 1947–1977</i>. Office of Air Force History, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912799-12-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912799-12-4">978-0-912799-12-4</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=91st_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:91st_Bombardment_Group_(United_States_Army_Air_Forces)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:91st Bombardment Group (United States Army Air Forces)">91st Bombardment Group (United States Army Air Forces)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Getz, Lowell L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2142/184">"Mary Ruth" Memories of Mobile... We Still Remember: Stories from the 91st Bomb Group</a> (2001).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.91stbombgroup.com/">91st Bombardment Group Association website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1973/jan-feb/holder.html">Holder, William G. "The Return of Shoo-Shoo Baby" Air University Review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004210229/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1973/jan-feb/holder.html">Archived</a> 4 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110325062634/http://heroesoffreedom.nl/">Heroes of Freedom – 91st Bomb Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.91stbombardmentgroup.com/">91st Bombardment Group (H) - Re-enactments in Flight Simulation - Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaaf-noseart.co.uk/">USAAF Nose Art Research Project website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://londonfamilytree.com/missions/">401st Squadron/91st Bomb Group</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAAF_8th_Air_Force_UK" title="Template:USAAF 8th Air Force UK"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAAF_8th_Air_Force_UK" title="Template talk:USAAF 8th Air Force UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF_8th_Air_Force_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF 8th Air Force UK"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;USAAF_8th_Air_Force_patch_USAAF_Eighth_Air_Force_in_World_War_II11817" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="USAAF 8th Air Force patch"><img alt="USAAF 8th Air Force patch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/20px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/30px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/40px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Stations3543" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Stations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Alconbury" title="RAF Alconbury">Alconbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Aldermaston" title="RAF Aldermaston">Aldermaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Andrews_Field" title="RAF Andrews Field">Andrews Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Atcham" title="RAF Atcham">Atcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Attlebridge" title="RAF Attlebridge">Attlebridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bassingbourn" title="RAF Bassingbourn">Bassingbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bodney" title="RAF Bodney">Bodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bottisham" title="RAF Bottisham">Bottisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bovingdon" title="RAF Bovingdon">Bovingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Boxted" title="RAF Boxted">Boxted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bungay" title="RAF Bungay">Bungay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Burtonwood" title="RAF Burtonwood">Burtonwood Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bury_St_Edmunds" title="RAF Bury St Edmunds">Bury St. Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bushey_Hall" title="RAF Bushey Hall">Bushey Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalgrove_Airfield" title="Chalgrove Airfield">Chalgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Cheddington" title="RAF Cheddington">Cheddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Chelveston" title="RAF Chelveston">Chelveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Chipping_Ongar" title="RAF Chipping Ongar">Chipping Ongar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Daws_Hill" title="RAF Daws Hill">Daws Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Debach" title="RAF Debach">Debach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Debden" title="RAF Debden">Debden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Deenethorpe" title="RAF Deenethorpe">Deenethorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Deopham_Green" title="RAF Deopham Green">Deopham Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxford_Aerodrome" title="Duxford Aerodrome">Duxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earls_Colne_Airfield" title="Earls Colne Airfield">Earls Colne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_East_Wretham" title="RAF East Wretham">East Wretham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Eye" title="RAF Eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fersfield" title="RAF Fersfield">Fersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fowlmere" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Fowlmere">Fowlmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Framlingham" title="RAF Framlingham">Framlingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Glatton" title="RAF Glatton">Glatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Goxhill" title="RAF Goxhill">Goxhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Grafton_Underwood" title="RAF Grafton Underwood">Grafton Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Great_Ashfield" title="RAF Great Ashfield">Great Ashfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Great_Dunmow" title="RAF Great Dunmow">Great Dunmow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Halesworth" title="RAF Halesworth">Halesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Hardwick" title="RAF Hardwick">Hardwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Harrington" title="RAF Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Hethel" title="RAF Hethel">Hethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Honington" title="RAF Honington">Honington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Horham" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Horham">Horham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Horsham_St_Faith" title="RAF Horsham St Faith">Horsham St. Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ibsley" title="RAF Ibsley">Ibsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Keevil" title="RAF Keevil">Keevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Kimbolton" title="RAF Kimbolton">Kimbolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Kings_Cliffe" title="RAF Kings Cliffe">Kings Cliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Kirton_in_Lindsey" title="RAF Kirton in Lindsey">Kirton In Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Knettishall" title="RAF Knettishall">Knettishall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Lavenham" title="RAF Lavenham">Lavenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Leiston" title="RAF Leiston">Leiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Little_Walden" title="RAF Little Walden">Little Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Martlesham_Heath" title="RAF Martlesham Heath">Martlesham Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Membury" title="RAF Membury">Membury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mendlesham" title="RAF Mendlesham">Mendlesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Metfield" title="RAF Metfield">Metfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Molesworth" title="RAF Molesworth">Molesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Farm" title="RAF Mount Farm">Mount Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_North_Pickenham" title="RAF North Pickenham">North Pickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Nuthampstead" title="RAF Nuthampstead">Nuthampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Old_Buckenham" title="RAF Old Buckenham">Old Buckenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Podington" title="RAF Podington">Podington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Polebrook" title="RAF Polebrook">Polebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Rackheath" title="RAF Rackheath">Rackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ramsbury" title="RAF Ramsbury">Ramsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Rattlesden" title="RAF Rattlesden">Rattlesden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Raydon" title="RAF Raydon">Raydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ridgewell" title="RAF Ridgewell">Ridgewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Seething" title="RAF Seething">Seething</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Shipdham" title="RAF Shipdham">Shipdham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Snetterton_Heath" title="RAF Snetterton Heath">Snetterton Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Steeple_Morden" title="RAF Steeple Morden">Steeple Morden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Sudbury" title="RAF Sudbury">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Thorpe_Abbotts" title="RAF Thorpe Abbotts">Thorpe Abbots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Thurleigh" title="RAF Thurleigh">Thurleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Tibenham" title="RAF Tibenham">Tibenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Wattisham" title="RAF Wattisham">Wattisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Watton" title="RAF Watton">Watton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Wendling" title="RAF Wendling">Wendling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Westhampnett" title="RAF Westhampnett">Westhampnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Wormingford" title="RAF Wormingford">Wormingford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_Airfield" title="Bolo Airfield">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ie_Shima_Airfield" title="Ie Shima Airfield">Ie Shima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma" title="Marine Corps Air Station Futenma">Futenma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yontan_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Yontan Airfield">Yontan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Units6800" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Units</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIII_Air_Support_Command" title="VIII Air Support Command">VIII Air Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIII_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="VIII Bomber Command">VIII Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIII_Fighter_Command" title="VIII Fighter Command">VIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="1st Strategic Aerospace Division">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Air_Division" title="2nd Air Division">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Air_Division" title="3rd Air Division">3rdf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Bombardment_Wing" title="1st Bombardment Wing">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Combat_Bombardment_Wing" title="2nd Combat Bombardment Wing">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Bombardment Wing">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Air_Division" title="4th Air Division">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Air_Division" title="5th Air Division">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Air_Division" title="12th Air Division">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/316th_Air_Division" title="316th Air Division">316th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_Air_Division" title="6th Air Division">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Air_Division" title="65th Air Division">65th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Fighter_Wing" title="66th Fighter Wing">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Fighter Wing (World War II)">67th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/301st_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="301st Fighter Wing (World War II)">301st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/34th_Training_Wing" title="34th Training Wing">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Operations Group">44th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Bomb_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="91st Bomb Group">91st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Operations_Group" title="92nd Operations Group">92nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Operations_Group" title="93rd Operations Group">93rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Operations_Group" title="94th Operations Group">94th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Air_Base_Wing" title="95th Air Base Wing">95th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="96th Air Base Wing">96th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Operations_Group" title="97th Operations Group">97th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">100th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/301st_Operations_Group" title="301st Operations Group">301st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303rd_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="303rd Air Expeditionary Group">303rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/305th_Operations_Group" title="305th Operations Group">305th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/306th_Flying_Training_Group" title="306th Flying Training Group">306th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/310th_Space_Wing" title="310th Space Wing">310th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319th_Operations_Group" title="319th Operations Group">319th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/320th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="320th Air Expeditionary Wing">320th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322nd_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="322nd Air Expeditionary Group">322nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323rd_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="323rd Air Expeditionary Wing">323rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333rd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="333rd Bombardment Group">333rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/346th_Bombardment_Group" title="346th Bombardment Group">346th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/351st_Operations_Group" title="351st Operations Group">351st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/379th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="379th Operations Group">379th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/381st_Training_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="381st Training Group">381st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/382nd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="382nd Bombardment Group">382nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/383rd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="383rd Bombardment Group">383rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/384th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="384th Air Expeditionary Group">384th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/385th_Strategic_Aerospace_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="385th Strategic Aerospace Wing">385th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/387th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="387th Air Expeditionary Group">387th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/388th_Operations_Group" title="388th Operations Group">388th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/389th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" title="389th Strategic Missile Wing">389th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/390th_Strategic_Missile_Wing" title="390th Strategic Missile Wing">390th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/392nd_Strategic_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="392nd Strategic Missile Wing">392nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/398th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="398th Air Expeditionary Group">398th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401st_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="401st Air Expeditionary Group">401st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/445th_Operations_Group" title="445th Operations Group">445th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/446th_Operations_Group" title="446th Operations Group">446th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/447th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="447th Air Expeditionary Group">447th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/448th_Fighter-Bomber_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="448th Fighter-Bomber Group">448th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/452nd_Operations_Group" title="452nd Operations Group">452nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/453rd_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="453rd Operations Group">453rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/457th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="457th Air Expeditionary Group">457th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/458th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="458th Air Expeditionary Group">458th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/466th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="466th Bombardment Group">466th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/467th_Bombardment_Group" title="467th Bombardment Group">467th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/482nd_Operations_Group" title="482nd Operations Group">482nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/486th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="486th Air Expeditionary Wing">486th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/487th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="487th Air Expeditionary Wing">487th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/489th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="489th Bombardment Group">489th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/490th_Bombardment_Group" title="490th Bombardment Group">490th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/491st_Bombardment_Group" title="491st Bombardment Group">491st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/492nd_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="492nd Bombardment Group">492nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/493rd_Bombardment_Group" title="493rd Bombardment Group">493rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/801st_Bombardment_Group_(Provisional)" class="mw-redirect" title="801st Bombardment Group (Provisional)">801st (Provisional)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Operations_Group" title="1st Operations Group">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Operations_Group" title="4th Operations Group">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Operations_Group" title="14th Operations Group">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Operations_Group" title="20th Operations Group">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Operations_Group" title="31st Operations Group">31st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Operations_Group" title="48th Operations Group">48th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Operations_Group" title="55th Operations Group">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Operations_Group" title="56th Operations Group">56th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Fighter_Group" title="78th Fighter Group">78th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/318th_Fighter_Group" title="318th Fighter Group">318th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/339th_Fighter_Group" title="339th Fighter Group">339th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/350th_Fighter_Group" title="350th Fighter Group">350th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/352nd_Fighter_Group" title="352nd Fighter Group">352nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/353rd_Fighter_Group" title="353rd Fighter Group">353rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354th_Operations_Group" title="354th Operations Group">354th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/355th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="355th Fighter Wing">355th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/356th_Fighter_Group" title="356th Fighter Group">356th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/357th_Fighter_Group" title="357th Fighter Group">357th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/358th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="358th Fighter Group">358th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/361st_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="361st Fighter Group">361st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/362nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="362nd Fighter Group">362nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/364th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="364th Fighter Group">364th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/413th_Flight_Test_Group" title="413th Flight Test Group">413th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/479th_Flying_Training_Group" title="479th Flying Training Group">479th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/495th_Fighter_Training_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="495th Fighter Training Group">495th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/496th_Fighter_Training_Group" title="496th Fighter Training Group">496th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/507th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="507th Air Refueling Wing">507th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Troop Carrier</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/60th_Operations_Group" title="60th Operations Group">60th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_Operations_Group" title="62nd Operations Group">62nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/315th_Operations_Group" title="315th Operations Group">315th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Reconnaissance_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Reconnaissance Group">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Reconnaissance_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Reconnaissance Group">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Network_Warfare_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Network Warfare Group">67th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b>United States Army Air Forces</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Southern_Command" title="United States Air Forces Southern Command">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Air Force (World War II)">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Air Force">Thirteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Expeditionary_Mobility_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_United_States_Army_Air_Forces_Third_Air_Force_in_World_War_II8709" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAAF_3rd_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Template:USAAF 3rd Air Force World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAAF_3rd_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Template talk:USAAF 3rd Air Force World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF_3rd_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF 3rd Air Force World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_United_States_Army_Air_Forces_Third_Air_Force_in_World_War_II8709" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/20px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/30px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/40px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/II_Air_Support_Command" title="II Air Support Command">II Air Support Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Air_Support_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="III Air Support Command">III Air Support Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Bomber_Command" title="III Bomber Command">III Bomber Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Fighter_Command" title="III Fighter Command">III Fighter Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Reconnaissance_Command" title="III Reconnaissance Command">III Reconnaissance Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Tactical_Air_Command" title="III Tactical Air Command">III Tactical Air Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IV_Air_Support_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IV Air Support Command">III Tactical Air Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/57th_Air_Division" title="57th Air Division">8th Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Fighter Wing (World War II)">9th Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Air_Division" title="40th Air Division">40th Bombardment Wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Air Commando</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/352nd_Special_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="352nd Special Operations Group">2nd Air Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/353rd_Special_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="353rd Special Operations Group">3rd Air Commando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Operations_Group" title="3rd Operations Group">3rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Operations_Group" title="12th Operations Group">12th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Training_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Training Group">17th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Operations Group">21st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="29th Flying Training Wing">29th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Operations_Group" title="30th Operations Group">30th Bombardment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Bombardment_Group" title="38th Bombardment Group">38th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Operations Group">44th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="46th Bombardment Group">46th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Operations_Group" title="47th Operations Group">47th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Group" title="85th Group">85th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88th_Bombardment_Group" title="88th Bombardment Group">88th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Operations_Group" title="90th Operations Group">90th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Bomb_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="91st Bomb Group">91st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Operations_Group" title="92nd Operations Group">92nd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Operations_Group" title="93rd Operations Group">93rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Operations_Group" title="94th Operations Group">94th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Air_Base_Wing" title="95th Air Base Wing">95th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Operations_Group" title="97th Operations Group">97th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Operations_Group" title="98th Operations Group">98th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Air_Base_Wing" title="99th Air Base Wing">99th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">100th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/309th_Troop_Carrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="309th Troop Carrier Group">309th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/310th_Space_Wing" title="310th Space Wing">310th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/312th_Aeronautical_Systems_Group" title="312th Aeronautical Systems Group">312th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319th_Operations_Group" title="319th Operations Group">319th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/320th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="320th Air Expeditionary Wing">320th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/321st_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="321st Air Expeditionary Group">321st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322d_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="322d Air Expeditionary Group">322d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323d_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="323d Air Expeditionary Wing">323d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/335th_Bombardment_Group" title="335th Bombardment Group">335th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/336th_Training_Group" title="336th Training Group">336th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/340th_Flying_Training_Group" title="340th Flying Training Group">340th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/344th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="344th Bombardment Group">344th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/345th_Bombardment_Wing" title="345th Bombardment Wing">345th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/387th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="387th Air Expeditionary Group">387th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/391st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="391st Bombardment Group">391st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/394th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="394th Bombardment Group">394th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/396th_Bombardment_Group" title="396th Bombardment Group">396th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/397th_Bombardment_Wing" title="397th Bombardment Wing">397th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="409th Air Expeditionary Group">409th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="410th Bombardment Group">410th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/411th_Bombardment_Group" title="411th Bombardment Group">411th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="416th Bombardment Group">416th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417th_Bombardment_Group" title="417th Bombardment Group">417th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/418th_Bombardment_Group" title="418th Bombardment Group">418th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/451st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="451st Bombardment Group">451st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/454th_Bombardment_Wing" title="454th Bombardment Wing">454th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/463d_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="463d Bombardment Group">463rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/483d_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="483d Bombardment Group">483rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/488th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="488th Bombardment Group">488th Bombardment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Operations_Group" title="20th Operations Group">20th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Operations_Group" title="31st Operations Group">31st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Operations_Group" title="49th Operations Group">49th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Operations_Group" title="50th Operations Group">50th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Wing" title="53rd Wing">53rd Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Fighter-Interceptor_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Fighter-Interceptor Group">54th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Operations_Group" title="56th Operations Group">56th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Medical_Wing" title="59th Medical Wing">59th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="79th Fighter Group">79th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="80th Flying Training Wing">80th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Fighter-Bomber_Group" title="81st Fighter-Bomber Group">81st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Combat_Sustainment_Group" title="84th Combat Sustainment Group">84th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="85th Fighter Group">85th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="311th Fighter Group">311th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332nd Fighter Group">332nd Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/337th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="337th Fighter Group">337th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/338th_Bombardment_Group" title="338th Bombardment Group">338th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/339th_Fighter_Group" title="339th Fighter Group">339th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/361st_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="361st Fighter Group">361st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/369th_Fighter_Group" title="369th Fighter Group">369th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/372nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="372nd Fighter Group">372nd Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="404th Fighter Group">404th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="405th Fighter Group">405th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="408th Fighter Group">408th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414th_Fighter_Group" title="414th Fighter Group">414th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/506th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="506th Fighter Group">506th Fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter-Bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Group" title="27th Special Operations Group">27th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Operations_Group" title="48th Operations Group">48th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Operations_Group" title="86th Operations Group">86th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406th_Fighter-Bomber_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="406th Fighter-Bomber Group">406th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407th_Fighter-Bomber_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="407th Fighter-Bomber Group">407th Fighter-Bomber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2d_Photographic_Reconnaissance_Group" title="2d Photographic Reconnaissance Group">2d Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Operations_Group" title="9th Operations Group">9th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Group" title="10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group">10th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">26th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Air Base Wing">65th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Network_Warfare_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Network Warfare Group">67th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Electronic_Warfare_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Electronic Warfare Group">68th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="69th Reconnaissance Group">69th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">70th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Air_Base_Wing" title="75th Air Base Wing">75th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Aeronautical_Systems_Wing" title="77th Aeronautical Systems Wing">77th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/432nd_Wing" title="432nd Wing">423d Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="424th Reconnaissance Group">424th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="426th Reconnaissance Group">426th Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_(World_War_II).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/80px-Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/120px-Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/160px-Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b>United States Army Air Forces</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Southern_Command" title="United States Air Forces Southern Command">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Air Force (World War II)">Ninth</a></li> <li><a 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