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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert Pinkham Ryder</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="آلبرت پینکام رایدر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبرت پینکام رایدر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8" title="אלברט פינקהאם ריידר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלברט פינקהאם ריידר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="البيرت پينخام ريدير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البيرت پينخام ريدير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC" title="アルバート・ピンカム・ライダー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルバート・ピンカム・ライダー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Райдер, Альберт Пинкхем – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Райдер, Альберт Пинкхем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albert Pinkham Ryder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q948598#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Albert Pinkham Ryder</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg/220px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg/330px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg/440px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="2222" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Ryder in 1905</i>, photo by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Boughton" title="Alice Boughton">Alice Boughton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-03-19</span>)</span>March 19, 1847<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford, Massachusetts</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 28, 1917<span style="display:none">(1917-03-28)</span> (aged 70)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albert Pinkham Ryder</b> (March 19, 1847 – March 28, 1917) was an American painter best known for his poetic and moody <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> works and <a href="/wiki/Seascape" title="Seascape">seascapes</a>, as well as his <a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)" title="Eccentricity (behavior)">eccentric personality</a>. While his art shared an emphasis on subtle variations of color with <a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">tonalist</a> works of the time, it was unique for accentuating form in a way that some art historians regard as a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modernism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryder was born in <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Bedford, a bustling whaling port during the 19th century, had an intimate connection with the sea that probably supplied artistic inspiration for Ryder later in life. He was the youngest of four sons; little else is known of his childhood. He began to paint landscapes while in New Bedford.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ryder family moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1867 or 1868 to join Ryder's elder brother, who had opened a successful restaurant. His brother also managed the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Albert_(New_York,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Albert (New York, New York)">Hotel Albert</a>, which became a <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> landmark. Ryder took his meals at this hostelry for many years, but it was named for the original owner, Albert Rosenbaum, not the painter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryder applied to the National Academy of Design but his application got rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training_and_early_career">Training and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Training and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early view of Ryder was that he was a recluse, holding that he developed his style in isolation and without influence from contemporary American or European art, but this view has been contradicted by later scholarship that has revealed his many associations and exposures to other artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryder's first training in art was with the painter <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Edgar_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Edgar Marshall (page does not exist)">William Edgar Marshall</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1870 to 1873, and again from 1874 to 1875, Ryder studied art at the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He exhibited his first painting there in 1873 and met artist <a href="/wiki/J._Alden_Weir" title="J. Alden Weir">J. Alden Weir</a>, who became his lifelong friend. In 1877, Ryder made the first of four trips to Europe throughout his life, where his studying of the paintings of the French <a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a> and the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Hague_School" title="Hague School">Hague School</a> would have a significant impact on his work.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1877, he became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Artists" title="Society of American Artists">Society of American Artists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Society was a loosely organized group whose work did not conform to the academic standards of the day, and its members included <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Swain_Gifford" title="Robert Swain Gifford">Robert Swain Gifford</a> (also from New Bedford), Ryder's friend Julian Alden Weir, <a href="/wiki/John_LaFarge" class="mw-redirect" title="John LaFarge">John LaFarge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Helwig_Wyant" title="Alexander Helwig Wyant">Alexander Helwig Wyant</a>. Ryder exhibited with this group from 1878 to 1887. His early paintings of the 1870s were often tonalist landscapes, sometimes including cattle, trees and small buildings. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_(c._1875).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Spirit of Autumn (c. 1875) Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, Ohio."><img alt="The Spirit of Autumn (c. 1875) Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, Ohio." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_%28c._1875%29.jpg/115px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_%28c._1875%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_%28c._1875%29.jpg/172px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_%28c._1875%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_%28c._1875%29.jpg/229px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Spirit_of_Autumn_%28c._1875%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="3358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Spirit of Autumn</i> (c. 1875) <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grazing Horse (1872 to 1878) oil on canvas, 10 x 14 in. Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="The Grazing Horse (1872 to 1878) oil on canvas, 10 x 14 in. Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg/257px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg/387px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg/514px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Grazing_Horse_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Grazing Horse</i> (1872 to 1878) oil on canvas, 10 x 14 in. Brooklyn Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 67.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 65.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen,_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Children Frightened by a Rabbit (1870s) oil on leather, 38.5 x 20.25 in. Smithsonian"><img alt="Children Frightened by a Rabbit (1870s) oil on leather, 38.5 x 20.25 in. Smithsonian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen%2C_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/98px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen%2C_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen%2C_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/147px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen%2C_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen%2C_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/196px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Panel_for_a_Screen%2C_Children_Frightened_by_a_Rabbit_-_1929.6.106A_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Children Frightened by a Rabbit</i> (1870s) oil on leather, 38.5 x 20.25 in. Smithsonian</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Summers Fruitful Pastures (mid 1870s) oil on wood, 7.75 x 10 in. Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="Summers Fruitful Pastures (mid 1870s) oil on wood, 7.75 x 10 in. Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg/246px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg/370px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg/492px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Summers_Fruitful_Pastures_-_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Summers Fruitful Pastures</i> (mid 1870s) oil on wood, 7.75 x 10 in. Brooklyn Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lone Scout, c. 1885) oil on canvas, 2.9 x 10 in. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco"><img alt="The Lone Scout, c. 1885) oil on canvas, 2.9 x 10 in. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg/145px-The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg" decoding="async" width="97" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg/218px-The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg/290px-The_Lone_Scout_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="971" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Lone Scout</i>, c. 1885) oil on canvas, 2.9 x 10 in. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the Stable (early to mid 1870s) oil on canvas, 21 x32 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum"><img alt="In the Stable (early to mid 1870s) oil on canvas, 21 x32 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/283px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/425px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/566px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_In_the_Stable_-_1929.6.97_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="926" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>In the Stable</i> (early to mid 1870s) oil on canvas, 21 x32 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_maturity">Artistic maturity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artistic maturity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1880s and 1890s are thought of as Ryder's most creative and artistically mature period. During the 1880s, Ryder exhibited frequently and his work was well received by critics.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His art became more poetic and imaginative, and Ryder wrote poetry to accompany many of his works. His paintings sometimes depicted scenes from literature, opera, and religion. Ryder's signature style is characterized by broad, sometimes ill-defined shapes or stylized figures situated in a dream-like land or seascape. His scenes are often illuminated by dim sunlight or glowing moonlight cast through eerie clouds. The shift in Ryder's art from pastoral landscapes to more mystical, enigmatic subjects is believed to have been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loftin_Newman" title="Robert Loftin Newman">Robert Loftin Newman</a>, with whom Ryder shared a studio.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jonah. (mid 1880s to 1890s). oil on canvas, 27.25 x 34.37 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C."><img alt="Jonah. (mid 1880s to 1890s). oil on canvas, 27.25 x 34.37 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg/286px-Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg/430px-Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg/572px-Pinkham_ryder_jonah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Jonah</i>. (mid 1880s to 1890s). oil on canvas, 27.25 x 34.37 in. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 193.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 191.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constance (mid 1880s to mid 1890s) oil on canvas. 28.25 x 36 in. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston"><img alt="Constance (mid 1880s to mid 1890s) oil on canvas. 28.25 x 36 in. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg/287px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg/431px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg/573px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Constance_-_45.770_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Constance</i> (mid 1880s to mid 1890s) oil on canvas. 28.25 x 36 in. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flying Dutchman, c. 1896, oil on canvas mounted on fiberboard, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C."><img alt="The Flying Dutchman, c. 1896, oil on canvas mounted on fiberboard, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg/277px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg/415px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg/553px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Flying_Dutchman_-_Smithsonian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Flying Dutchman,</i> c. 1896, oil on canvas mounted on fiberboard, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens (1888–1891), oil on canvas, 20 x 20.50 in. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC"><img alt="Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens (1888–1891), oil on canvas, 20 x 20.50 in. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg/233px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg/349px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg/465px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2903" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens</i> (1888–1891), oil on canvas, 20 x 20.50 in. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse) (1895–1910), oil on canvas, 28.25 x 35.25. Cleveland Museum of Art"><img alt="The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse) (1895–1910), oil on canvas, 28.25 x 35.25. Cleveland Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg/286px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg/430px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg/572px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7242" data-file-height="5694" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse)</i> (1895–1910), oil on canvas, 28.25 x 35.25. <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg/220px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg/330px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg/440px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_sf32.45.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Ryder by <a href="/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran" title="Kahlil Gibran">Kahlil Gibran</a>, 1915 (<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1900, around the time of his father's death, Ryder's creativity fell dramatically. For the rest of his life he spent his artistic energy on occasionally re-working existing paintings, some of which lay scattered about his New York apartment. Visitors to Ryder's home were struck by his slovenly habits—he never cleaned, and his floor was covered with trash, plates with old food, and a thick layer of dust, and he would have to clear space for visitors to stand or sit. He was shy and did not seek the company of others, but received company courteously and enjoyed telling stories or talking about his art. He gained a reputation as a loner, but he maintained social contacts, enjoyed writing letters, and continued to travel on occasion to visit friends. </p><p>While Ryder's creativity fell after the turn of the century, his fame grew. Important collectors of American art sought Ryder paintings for their holdings and often lent choice examples for national art exhibitions, as Ryder himself had lost interest in actively exhibiting his work. In 1913, ten of his paintings were shown together in the historic <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>, an honor reflecting the admiration felt towards Ryder by modernist artists of the time who saw his work as a harbinger of American modernist art.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1915 Ryder's health deteriorated, and he died on March 28, 1917, at the home of a friend who was caring for him. He was buried at the Rural Cemetery in his birthplace of New Bedford, Massachusetts. </p><p>A memorial exhibition of his work was held in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_and_legacy">Work and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Work and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg/220px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg/330px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg/440px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_MET_DT6843.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2919" data-file-height="3722" /></a><figcaption><i>Albert Pinkham Ryder</i> (1938), a posthumous tribute by <a href="/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a>, who painted a series of dark landscapes inspired by the work of Ryder in 1909 <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Ryder completed fewer than two hundred paintings, nearly all of which were created before 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rarely signed and never dated his paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the works of many of Ryder's contemporaries were partly or mostly forgotten through much of the 20th century, Ryder's artistic reputation has remained largely intact owing to his unique and forward-looking style.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists whose work was influenced by Ryder include <a href="/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a>, who befriended him,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryder used his materials liberally and with little regard for sound technical procedures. His paintings, which he often worked on for ten years or more, were built up of layers of paint, resin, and varnish applied on top of each other. He would use a <a href="/wiki/Wet-on-wet" title="Wet-on-wet">wet-on-wet</a> technique,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would often paint into wet varnish, or apply a layer of fast-drying paint over a layer of slow-drying paint. He incorporated unconventional materials, such as candle wax, <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a>, and non-drying oils, into his paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayer_91_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayer_91-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By these means, Ryder achieved a luminosity that his contemporaries admired—his works seemed to "glow with an inner radiance, like some minerals"—but the result was short-lived.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayer_91_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayer_91-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paintings by Ryder remain unstable and become much darker over time; they develop wide fissures, do not fully dry even after decades, and sometimes completely disintegrate. Many of Ryder's paintings deteriorated significantly even during his lifetime, and he tried to restore them in his later years.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his pieces were reworked so many times that they are still soft even a century later.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of his own restorations, and because some Ryder paintings were completed or reworked by others after his death, many Ryder paintings appear very different today than they did when first created. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forgeries">Forgeries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Forgeries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In their book, <i>Albert Pinkham Ryder: Painter of Dreams</i>, William Innes Homer and <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Goodrich" title="Lloyd Goodrich">Lloyd Goodrich</a> wrote, "There are more fake Ryders than there are <a href="/wiki/Art_forgery" title="Art forgery">forgeries</a> of any other American artist except his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Albert_Blakelock" title="Ralph Albert Blakelock">Ralph Blakelock</a>." The authors, experts on Ryder, estimate the number of forged works at over one thousand. They also claimed (as of 1989) that some remained in private and museum collections, in addition to being offered through art dealers and auction houses. Part of the reason why so many fake Ryders exist is that his style is easily copied. Forgers can go to great lengths to fabricate the age of a painting, including painting it on antique canvas and baking it to add cracks. Forgeries can be discovered through visual and chemical examination, and through a provable <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a>—a collection of written documentation detailing a painting's ownership history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For instance, Ryder's piece, <i>Elegy</i>, while on loan to the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum" title="Whitney Museum">Whitney Museum</a>, was examined by <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Goodrich" title="Lloyd Goodrich">Lloyd Goodrich</a>, then a curator at the Whitney. A layer of consistent brushstrokes was revealed through an x-ray examination, which was uncharacteristic of Ryder's often generously layered pieces. It was concluded that <i>Elegy</i> was likely painted to be an imitation of <i>The Lone Horseman</i>, a genuine Ryder piece.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_(c.1881).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lover's Boat c. 1881, Oil on canvas, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C."><img alt="The Lover's Boat c. 1881, Oil on canvas, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_%28c.1881%29.jpg/244px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_%28c.1881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_%28c.1881%29.jpg/366px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_%28c.1881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_%28c.1881%29.jpg/487px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_The_Lovers%27_Boat_%28c.1881%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3235" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Lover's Boat</i> c. 1881, Oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 161.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 159.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Waste of Waters is Their Field, early 1880s, Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="The Waste of Waters is Their Field, early 1880s, Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg/239px-The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg/358px-The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg/477px-The_Waste_of_Waters_is_Their_Field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1886" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Waste of Waters is Their Field</i>, early 1880s, Brooklyn Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="With Sloping Mast and Dipping Prow (late 1880s) oil on canvas, 12 x 12 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum"><img alt="With Sloping Mast and Dipping Prow (late 1880s) oil on canvas, 12 x 12 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/209px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/315px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg/419px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_With_Sloping_Mast_and_Dipping_Prow_-_1929.6.102_-_Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1303" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>With Sloping Mast and Dipping Prow</i> (late 1880s) oil on canvas, 12 x 12 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Story_of_the_Cross,_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder,_American,_c._1890,_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Story of the Cross (mid to late 1880s) oil on canvas on panel, 14 x 11.25 in. Princeton University Art Museum"><img alt="The Story of the Cross (mid to late 1880s) oil on canvas on panel, 14 x 11.25 in. Princeton University Art Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Story_of_the_Cross%2C_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder%2C_American%2C_c._1890%2C_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg/182px-The_Story_of_the_Cross%2C_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder%2C_American%2C_c._1890%2C_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Story_of_the_Cross%2C_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder%2C_American%2C_c._1890%2C_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg/274px-The_Story_of_the_Cross%2C_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder%2C_American%2C_c._1890%2C_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Story_of_the_Cross%2C_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder%2C_American%2C_c._1890%2C_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg/365px-The_Story_of_the_Cross%2C_by_Albert_Pinkham_Ryder%2C_American%2C_c._1890%2C_oil_on_canvas_on_panel_-_Princeton_University_Art_Museum_-_DSC06932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3026" data-file-height="3733" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Story of the Cross</i> (mid to late 1880s) oil on canvas on panel, 14 x 11.25 in. Princeton University Art Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Forest of Arden (1888 - 1897, possibly reworked 1908). Oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City."><img alt="The Forest of Arden (1888 - 1897, possibly reworked 1908). Oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg/182px-The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg/274px-The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg/365px-The_Forest_of_Arden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Forest of Arden</i> (1888 - 1897, possibly reworked 1908). Oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seacoast in Moonlight, 1890, the Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C."><img alt="Seacoast in Moonlight, 1890, the Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/297px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/446px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/594px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Moonlit_Cove_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="3030" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Seacoast in Moonlight,</i> 1890, the <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips Collection">Phillips Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 333.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 331.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Dead Bird, 1890-1900, oil on wood, 4.75 x 10 in. Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C."><img alt="The Dead Bird, 1890-1900, oil on wood, 4.75 x 10 in. Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/497px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="332" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/747px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/994px-Albert_Pinkham_Ryder_-_Dead_Bird_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="1812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Dead Bird,</i> 1890-1900, oil on wood, 4.75 x 10 in. <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips Collection">Phillips Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Artists" title="Society of American Artists">Society of American Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_of_Darkness" title="The Angel of Darkness">The Angel of Darkness</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Carr" title="Caleb Carr">Caleb Carr</a>.</li> <li>Ryder and his work are written about at length in <a href="/wiki/Teju_Cole" title="Teju Cole">Teju Cole</a>’s novel <a href="/wiki/Open_City_(novel)" title="Open City (novel)">Open City</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Columbus_Museum_of_Art_p._20_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1988" class="citation cs2">Roberts, Norma J., ed. (1988), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancollecti0000colu/page/20"><i>The American Collections</i></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbus Museum of Art">Columbus Museum of Art</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancollecti0000colu/page/20">20</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-1811-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-1811-0"><bdi>0-8109-1811-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Collections&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Columbus+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8109-1811-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancollecti0000colu%2Fpage%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehotelalbert.com/history/albert_pinkham_ryder.html">"Albert Pinkham Ryder"</a>. The Hotel Albert. 1911-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Pinkham+Ryder&rft.pub=The+Hotel+Albert&rft.date=1911-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehotelalbert.com%2Fhistory%2Falbert_pinkham_ryder.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ryder-albert-pinkham/">"Albert Pinkham Ryder"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Pinkham+Ryder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartstory.org%2Fartist%2Fryder-albert-pinkham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/14733"><i>Loan exhibition of the works of Albert P. Ryder, New York, March 11 to April 14, MCMXVIII</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, 1918</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loan+exhibition+of+the+works+of+Albert+P.+Ryder%2C+New+York%2C+March+11+to+April+14%2C+MCMXVIII&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll10%2Fid%2F14733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/486010">Albert Pinkham Ryder</a>, on Metropolitan Museum of Art Collection Database (June 28, 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraven1927" class="citation magazine cs1">Craven, Thomas (December 1927). "An American Master". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Mercury" title="The American Mercury">The American Mercury</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">490–</span>497.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Mercury&rft.atitle=An+American+Master&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E490-%3C%2Fspan%3E497&rft.date=1927-12&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ludington, Townsend (1992). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marsdenhartleybi0000ludi/page/62">Marsden Hartley: The Biography of an American Artist</a></i>. Cornell University Press. pp. 62, 63. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801485800" title="Special:BookSources/0801485800">0801485800</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaifehSmith1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Naifeh" title="Steven Naifeh">Naifeh, Steven</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gregory_White_Smith" title="Gregory White Smith">Smith, Gregory White</a> (1989). <i><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock:_An_American_Saga" title="Jackson Pollock: An American Saga">Jackson Pollock: An American Saga</a></i>. Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacksonpollockam00naif/page/250">250–251, 254</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-56084-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-56084-4"><bdi>0-517-56084-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jackson+Pollock%3A+An+American+Saga&rft.pages=250-251%2C+254&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-517-56084-4&rft.aulast=Naifeh&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gregory+White&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/stable-21448">"In the Stable"</a>. <i>Smithsonian American Art Museum</i>. Smithsonian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft.atitle=In+the+Stable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanart.si.edu%2Fartwork%2Fstable-21448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayer_91-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayer_91_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayer_91_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer, Lance, and Gay Myers (2013). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yKw5JiPsBswC&pg=PA91&dq=">American Painters on Technique: 1860–1945</a></i>. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 91. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1606061356" title="Special:BookSources/1606061356">1606061356</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, Franklin, Jr., Nicolai Cikovsky, Deborah Chotner, John Davis, Robert Wilson Torchia, and Ellen G. Miles. (1996). <i>American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Part 2</i>. Washington: National Gallery of Art. p. 96. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0894682547" title="Special:BookSources/0894682547">0894682547</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/jonah-21449">"Jonah"</a>. <i>Smithsonian American Art Museum</i>. Smithsonian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft.atitle=Jonah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanart.si.edu%2Fartwork%2Fjonah-21449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibitions.lib.udel.edu/things-arent-what-they-seem/home/art-forgery-albert-pinkham-ryder/">"Things Aren't What They Seem: Forgeries and Deceptions from the UD Collections"</a>. <i>University of Delaware</i>. University of Delaware<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Delaware&rft.atitle=Things+Aren%27t+What+They+Seem%3A+Forgeries+and+Deceptions+from+the+UD+Collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexhibitions.lib.udel.edu%2Fthings-arent-what-they-seem%2Fhome%2Fart-forgery-albert-pinkham-ryder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Pinkham+Ryder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stula, Nancy with Nancy Noble. <i>American Artists Abroad and their Inspiration</i>, New London: Lyman Allyn Art Museum, 2004, 64 pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lymanallyn.org">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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Pinkham Ryder">Albert Pinkham Ryder</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3015">Albert Pinkham Ryder</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ryder, Albert Pinkham"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ryder,_Albert_Pinkham">"Ryder, Albert Pinkham" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/50026333">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/244336/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfX3yvY47KPjHXKvVJFKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119012626">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88163150">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122550617">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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