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<a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="page__title title" id="page-title">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</h1> <div id="content-inner"> <article class="node-355 node node-page view-mode-full clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even"> <a id="top" name="top"></a> <div class="block-feature feature-style-wide"> <div class="feature-image"> <img alt="Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions" src="/sites/training.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/handbook/handbook-banner.png" /></div> <div class="feature-title"> <div class="title"> Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</div> <div class="description"> </div> </div> </div> <ul><li> <a href="#how-to-access">Access the <span style="color:null;"><em>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</em></span></a></li> <li> <a href="#about-the-handbook"><span style="color:null;">About the <em>Handbook</em></span></a></li> <li> <a href="#mecir">Methodological Expectations for Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR)</a></li> <li> <a href="#contact-the-editors">Contact the Editors</a></li> <li> <a href="#how-to-cite">How to cite the <em>Handbook</em></a></li> <li> <a href="#permission-to-re-use">Permission to re-use material from the <em>Handbook</em></a></li> <li> <a href="#previous-versions">Previous versions</a></li> </ul><hr /><h3> <a id="how-to-access" name="how-to-access"></a>Access the <em>Cochrane Handbook </em><span style="color:null;"><em>for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</em></span></h3> <p> <a class="button-purple" href="/handbook/current">Open the online Handbook</a> <a class="button-purple" href="/handbook/PDF/v6.4">Download PDFs (restricted)</a> <a class="button-purple external" href="https://www.wiley.com/Cochrane+Handbook+for+Systematic+Reviews+of+Interventions,+2nd+Edition-p-9781119536628" target="_blank" title="But the book on wiley.com (opens in new window)">Buy the book</a></p> <p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> <hr /><h3> <span style="color:null;"><a id="about-the-handbook" name="about-the-handbook"></a>About the <em>Handbook</em></span></h3> <p> <span style="color:null;">The <em>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions </em>is the official guide that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions. All authors should consult the <em>Handbook </em>for guidance on the methods used in Cochrane systematic reviews. The <em>Handbook</em> includes guidance on the standard methods applicable to every review (planning a review, searching and selecting studies, data collection, risk of bias assessment, statistical analysis, GRADE and interpreting results), as well as more specialised topics (non-randomized studies, adverse effects, complex interventions, equity, economics, patient-reported outcomes, individual patient data, prospective meta-analysis, and qualitative research).</span></p> <p> <span style="color:null;">Last updated: 22 August, 2024</span></p> <p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> <hr /><h3> <a id="mecir" name="mecir"></a>Methodological Expectations for Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR)</h3> <p> Key aspects of <em>Handbook</em> guidance are collated as the <a href="https://methods.cochrane.org/mecir" target="_blank">Methodological Expectations for Cochrane Intervention Reviews</a> (MECIR). These provide core standards that are generally expected of Cochrane reviews. Each MECIR item includes a link to a relevant <em>Handbook</em> chapter.</p> <p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> <hr /><h3> <a id="contact-the-editors" name="contact-the-editors"></a>Contact the Editors</h3> <p> For further information and for any <em>Handbook</em> enquiries please contact: <a href="mailto:support@cochrane.org">support@cochrane.org</a>.</p> <p> The <em>Handbook </em>editorial team includes: <a href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/social-community-medicine/people/julian-p-higgins/index.html" target="_blank">Julian Higgins</a> and <a href="https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=JTHOA32" target="_blank">James Thomas</a> (Senior Scientific Editors); Jacqueline Chandler, Miranda Cumpston, <a href="https://www.jhsph.edu/faculty/directory/profile/2434/tianjing-li" target="_blank">Tianjing Li</a>, <a href="https://australia.cochrane.org/dr-matthew-page" target="_blank">Matthew Page</a> and <a href="https://med.uottawa.ca/epidemiology/people/welch-vivian" target="_blank">Vivian Welch</a> (Associate Scientific Editors); Ella Flemyng (Managing Editor).</p> <p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> <hr /><h3> <a id="how-to-cite" name="how-to-cite"></a>How to cite the <em>Handbook</em></h3> <p> To cite the full <em>Handbook</em> online, please use:</p> <p class="rteindent1"> Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). <em>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</em> version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.</p> <p> To cite the print edition of the <em>Handbook,</em> please use:</p> <p class="rteindent1"> Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). <em>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions</em>. 2nd Edition. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons, 2019.</p> <p> Details of how to cite individual chapters in either of these versions are available in each chapter.</p> <p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> <hr /><h3> <a id="permission-to-re-use" name="permission-to-re-use"></a>Permission to re-use material from the <em>Handbook</em></h3> <p> <strong>Academic or other non-commercial re-use of <em>Handbook</em> material</strong><br /> You do not need to request permission to use short quotations (though these must be appropriately cited), or to cite the Handbook as a source. See <a href="/handbook#how-to-cite">How to cite the <em>Handbook</em></a>.<br /> If you intend to reproduce material from the <em>Handbook </em>using screenshots, including exact figures or tables from the <em>Handbook</em> or including lengthy direct quotations (more than 5 lines of text), then please <strong><a href="/handbook-request-permission-re-use-material">fill in this form to </a></strong>request permission to re-use material from the <em>Handbook</em>. This will be sent to the Cochrane Support team who will notify Julian Higgins or James Thomas, the <em>Handbook </em>Senior Editors, as appropriate. If approved, these requests will be granted free of charge on condition that the source is acknowledged.</p> <p> <strong>Commercial re-use of <em>Handbook</em> material</strong><br /> Commercial re-use includes any use of the <em>Handbook</em> that will be used in a product for which there is a monetary fee, and/or where it is associated in any way with any product or service. For all enquiries related to the commercial re-use of <em>Handbook </em>material please contact <a href="mailto:permissions@wiley.com">Wiley Global Permissions</a>, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> <p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> <hr /><h3> <a id="previous-versions" name="previous-versions"></a>Previous versions</h3> <p> Details on how the <em>Handbook</em> has changed compared to previous versions can be found on the <a href="/versions-and-changes-handbook">Versions and changes</a><em> </em>page. More information on the process for updating the <em>Handbook</em> can be found <a href="/versions-and-changes-handbook" target="_blank">here</a>. </p> <p> Archived copies of the following previous versions of the <em>Handbook</em> are available:</p> <ul><li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v6.4">Version 6.4:</a> August 2023 [browsable] </li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v6.3">Version 6.3</a>: August 2022 [browsable] </li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v6.2">Version 6.2</a>: February 2021 [browsable] </li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v6.1" target="_blank">Version 6.1</a>: September 2020 [browsable]</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v6" target="_blank">Version 6.0</a>: July 2019 [browsable]</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v5.2">Version 5.2</a>: June 2017 [PDF]</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v5.1/" target="_blank">Version 5.1:</a> March 2011 [browsable]</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v5.0.2/" target="_blank">Version 5.0.2:</a> September 2009 [browsable]</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v5.0.0/" target="_blank">Version 5.0.0:</a> February 2008 [browsable]</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v4.2.6" target="_blank">Version 4.2.6: </a>September 2006 [PDF] 2.8MB</li> <li> <a href="/handbook/archive/v4.2.1">Version 4.2.1</a>: December 2003 [PDF]</li> </ul><p class="rteright"> <a href="#top"><span style="color:null;">Back to top</span></a></p> </div> </div> <hr /><h3> <strong>You may also be interested in:</strong></h3> <ul><li> <a href="/handbook-diagnostic-test-accuracy/PDF/v2" target="_blank"><em>Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy</em></a></li> </ul></div></div></div> </article> <div id="block-rrssb-rrssb" class="block block-rrssb last even"> <div class="rrssb"><div class="rrssb-prefix">Share</div><ul class="rrssb-buttons"><li class="rrssb-facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftraining.cochrane.org%2Fhandbook" class="popup"><span class="rrssb-icon"></span><span 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