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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Two_Jakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span><i>The Two Jakes</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Two_Jakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tom_Cruise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tom_Cruise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Tom Cruise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tom_Cruise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Return to television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unmade_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unmade_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Unmade projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unmade_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Towne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="روبرت تاون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت تاون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="رابرت تاون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت تاون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B4" title="로버트 타운 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 타운" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="רוברט טאון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט טאון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="روبرت تاون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت تاون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3" title="ロバート・タウン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・タウン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таун, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таун, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="ڕۆبێرت تاون – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆبێرت تاون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Роберт Таун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Таун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Robert Towne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American screenwriter, producer, director and actor (1934–2024)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Robert Towne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg/220px-Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg/330px-Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg/440px-Robert_Towne_1_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="626" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Towne in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Bertram Schwartz</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-11-23</span>)</span>November 23, 1934<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 2024<span style="display:none">(2024-07-01)</span> (aged 89)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Los Angeles, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Screenwriter</li><li>director</li><li>producer</li><li>actor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1960–2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Payne_(actress,_born_1940)" title="Julie Payne (actress, born 1940)">Julie Payne</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1977; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1982)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Luisa Gaule<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1984)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Towne" title="Jocelyn Towne">Jocelyn Towne</a> (niece)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Towne</b> (born <b>Robert Bertram Schwartz</b>; November 23, 1934 – July 1, 2024) was an American screenwriter and director. He started writing films for <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a>, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tomb_of_Ligeia" title="The Tomb of Ligeia">The Tomb of Ligeia</a></i> in 1964, and was later part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> wave of filmmaking. </p><p>Towne wrote and won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-winning original screenplay for <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(1974_film)" title="Chinatown (1974 film)">Chinatown</a></i> (1974); starring <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, widely considered one of the greatest screenplays ever written,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as its sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Jakes" title="The Two Jakes">The Two Jakes</a></i> (1990). For <a href="/wiki/Hal_Ashby" title="Hal Ashby">Hal Ashby</a>, he penned the <a href="/wiki/Dramedies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramedies">dramedies</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Detail" title="The Last Detail">The Last Detail</a></i> (1973) and <i><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_(film)" title="Shampoo (film)">Shampoo</a></i> (1975). He collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> on the films <i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Thunder" title="Days of Thunder">Days of Thunder</a></i> (1990), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Firm_(1993_film)" title="The Firm (1993 film)">The Firm</a></i> (1993) and the first two installments of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film_series)" title="Mission: Impossible (film series)">Mission: Impossible</a></i> franchise (1996, 2000). </p><p>Towne directed the sports dramas <i><a href="/wiki/Personal_Best_(film)" title="Personal Best (film)">Personal Best</a></i> (1982) and <i><a href="/wiki/Without_Limits" title="Without Limits">Without Limits</a></i> (1998), the crime thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Tequila_Sunrise_(film)" title="Tequila Sunrise (film)">Tequila Sunrise</a></i> (1988), and the romantic drama <i><a href="/wiki/Ask_the_Dust_(film)" title="Ask the Dust (film)">Ask the Dust</a></i> (2006). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne was born Robert Bertram Schwartz in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ERRB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERRB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of Helen and Lou Schwartz, a clothing store owner and property developer. He grew up in <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Los_Angeles" title="San Pedro, Los Angeles">San Pedro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Hills,_California" title="Rolling Hills, California">Rolling Hills</a> and attended <a href="/wiki/Chadwick_School" title="Chadwick School">Chadwick School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_thesis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon_thesis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Jews">Romanian-Jewish</a> descent through his father, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Jews">Russian-Jewish</a> descent through his mother; the family was Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-Lennon_thesis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lennon_thesis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a younger brother, Roger,<sup id="cite_ref-ERRB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERRB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who co-wrote the 1984 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_(film)" title="The Natural (film)">The Natural</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AFI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Claremont,_California" title="Claremont, California">Claremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, studying philosophy and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_obit_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_obit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After college, Towne served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> before doing odd jobs including working as a tuna fisherman.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_obit_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_obit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roger_Corman">Roger Corman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roger Corman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne originally sought work as a writer and actor. He took an acting class with <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> taught by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Corey" title="Jeff Corey">Jeff Corey</a> where his classmates also included <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (with whom he shared an apartment), <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sally_Kellerman" title="Sally Kellerman">Sally Kellerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_p_390_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady_p_390-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corman was known for giving work to untested people of talent. Towne wrote the screenplay for the Corman-financed <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Woman_on_Earth" title="Last Woman on Earth">Last Woman on Earth</a></i> (1960), in which Towne also played one of the lead roles. </p><p>The following year he also starred in the Corman-financed <i><a href="/wiki/Creature_from_the_Haunted_Sea" title="Creature from the Haunted Sea">Creature from the Haunted Sea</a></i> (1961). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne started writing for television on such programs as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lloyd_Bridges_Show" title="The Lloyd Bridges Show">The Lloyd Bridges Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Point_(1963_TV_series)" title="Breaking Point (1963 TV series)">Breaking Point</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)">The Outer Limits</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E." title="The Man from U.N.C.L.E.">The Man from U.N.C.L.E.</a></i>. </p><p>He also wrote a screenplay for the Corman-directed <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tomb_of_Ligeia" title="The Tomb of Ligeia">The Tomb of Ligeia</a></i> (1965). In 1981 Towne said "I worked harder on... [that] screenplay for him than on anything I think I have ever done."<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_p_390_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady_p_390-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towne went back to working in television when Corman hired him to write a script for a Western, which became <i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_for_Killing" title="A Time for Killing">A Time for Killing</a></i> (1967). Corman left the project during filming and Towne took his name off the credits. Towne said later he "hated" the film.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_p_388_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady_p_388-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Script_doctor">Script doctor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Script doctor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne's script for <i>A Time for Killing</i> had been read and admired by <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a>, who asked Towne to help out on the script for <i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></i> (1967). Towne later claimed his main contributions were removing the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois" title="Ménage à trois">ménage à trois</a> relationship between Bonnie, Clyde, and W.D., making some structural changes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towne was on set during filming and continued to work during post-production. The film was a huge success and although Towne's contribution was credited only as a "special consultant", he began to earn a reputation in Hollywood as a top script doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_p_399_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady_p_399-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towne was credited on <i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Rides" title="Villa Rides">Villa Rides</a></i> (1968), which he later said he did as a favor for <a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans" title="Robert Evans">Robert Evans</a>, head of Paramount. He hated the experience.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towne did uncredited work on the scripts for <i><a href="/wiki/Drive,_He_Said" title="Drive, He Said">Drive, He Said</a></i> (1971), directed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Pike" title="Cisco Pike">Cisco Pike</a></i> (1972), which Towne said turned into "a pretty good movie" but where he got "so angry with the director" he took his name off;<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_p_388_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady_p_388-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Centurions" title="The New Centurions">The New Centurions</a></i> (1972), where he was to share credit with <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Silliphant" title="Stirling Silliphant">Stirling Silliphant</a> but asked for his name to be taken off after he saw the film.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He did uncredited work for <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> during the making of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> (1972), mostly the final scene between Michael and Vito, shortly before Vito dies.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady_p_399_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady_p_399-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coppola thanked Towne in his Academy Award speech for Best Screenplay. </p><p>Towne also did some work on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Parallax_View" title="The Parallax View">The Parallax View</a></i> (1974) at the behest of star Warren Beatty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Last_Detail,_Chinatown,_and_Shampoo"><span id="The_Last_Detail.2C_Chinatown.2C_and_Shampoo"></span><i>The Last Detail</i>, <i>Chinatown</i>, and <i>Shampoo</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Last Detail, Chinatown, and Shampoo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne received acclaim and was nominated in the Best Original and Adapted Screenplay categories for his scripts <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Detail" title="The Last Detail">The Last Detail</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(1974_movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown (1974 movie)">Chinatown</a></i> (1974), and <i><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_(film)" title="Shampoo (film)">Shampoo</a></i> (1975). He won for <i>Chinatown</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later said it was inspired by a chapter in Carey McWilliams's <i>Southern California Country: An Island on the Land</i> (1946) and a <i>West</i> magazine article on Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Sam_Wasson" title="Sam Wasson">Sam Wasson</a>'s <i>The Big Goodbye: Chinatown and the Last Years of Hollywood</i>, Towne "secretly employed an old college friend named Edward Taylor as his uncredited writing partner for more than 40 years." (Taylor died in 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-Sam_Wasson_book_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sam_Wasson_book-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towne was credited for his work on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yakuza" title="The Yakuza">The Yakuza</a></i> (1975) and did script doctoring on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Missouri_Breaks" title="The Missouri Breaks">The Missouri Breaks</a></i> (1976), <i><a href="/wiki/Orca_(1977_film)" title="Orca (1977 film)">Orca</a></i> (1977) and <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Can_Wait_(1978_film)" title="Heaven Can Wait (1978 film)">Heaven Can Wait</a></i> (1978). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director">Director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne turned to directing with <i><a href="/wiki/Personal_Best_(film)" title="Personal Best (film)">Personal Best</a></i> (1982). He also wrote the script for <i><a href="/wiki/Greystoke:_The_Legend_of_Tarzan,_Lord_of_the_Apes" title="Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes">Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes</a></i>, hoping to direct, but <i>Personal Best</i> was a financial failure, and he had to sell the <i>Greystoke</i> script. He grew dissatisfied with the production and credited his dog, P. H. Vazak, with the script. Vazak became the first dog <a href="/wiki/Fictional_people_nominated_for_Academy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional people nominated for Academy Awards">nominated</a> for an Academy Award for screenwriting.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towne did uncredited work on <i><a href="/wiki/Deal_of_the_Century" title="Deal of the Century">Deal of the Century</a></i> (1983), <i><a href="/wiki/8_Million_Ways_to_Die" title="8 Million Ways to Die">8 Million Ways to Die</a></i> (1986) (<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <i><a href="/wiki/Tough_Guys_Don%27t_Dance_(film)" title="Tough Guys Don't Dance (film)">Tough Guys Don't Dance</a></i> (1987) and <i><a href="/wiki/Frantic_(film)" title="Frantic (film)">Frantic</a></i> (1988). </p><p>His second feature film as director was <i><a href="/wiki/Tequila_Sunrise_(film)" title="Tequila Sunrise (film)">Tequila Sunrise</a></i> (1988), which he wrote back in the early 1980s. Towne told <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> that <i>Tequila Sunrise</i> is "a movie about the use and abuse of friendship."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Two_Jakes"><i>The Two Jakes</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Two Jakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne expressed his disappointment in <i>The Two Jakes</i> in many interviews.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He told writer Alex Simon, "In the interest of maintaining my friendships with Jack Nicholson and Robert Evans, I’d rather not go into it, but let’s just say <i>The Two Jakes</i> wasn’t a pleasant experience for any of us. But, we’re all still friends, and that’s what matters most."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a November 5, 2007, interview with MTV, Jack Nicholson claimed that Towne had written the part of Gittes specifically for him and had conceived <i>Chinatown</i> as a trilogy, with the third film set in 1968 and dealing in some way with Howard Hughes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towne said he did not know how the rumour started and denied any planned trilogy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tom_Cruise">Tom Cruise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tom Cruise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towne wrote the script for <i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Thunder" title="Days of Thunder">Days of Thunder</a></i> (1990) and formed a close friendship with its star <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a>. </p><p>He was one of the writers on Cruise's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Firm_(1993_film)" title="The Firm (1993 film)">The Firm</a></i> (1993), then Beatty's <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Affair_(1994_film)" title="Love Affair (1994 film)">Love Affair</a></i> (1994). Cruise brought him on to <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film)" title="Mission: Impossible (film)">Mission: Impossible</a></i> (1996) and co-produced Towne's third film as director, <i><a href="/wiki/Without_Limits" title="Without Limits">Without Limits</a></i> (1998). He also co-wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Mission_Impossible_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Impossible II">Mission Impossible II</a></i> (2000) for Cruise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A project Towne had long sought to bring to the screen came to fruition in 2006 with <i><a href="/wiki/Ask_the_Dust_(film)" title="Ask the Dust (film)">Ask the Dust</a></i>, a romantic period piece set in Los Angeles based on the <a href="/wiki/Ask_the_Dust" title="Ask the Dust">novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Fante" title="John Fante">John Fante</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salma_Hayek" title="Salma Hayek">Salma Hayek</a>. Towne had found the novel decades earlier during his research for <i>Chinatown</i>, as he was looking for authentic descriptions of 1930s Los Angeles. He enjoyed the book, considering it "the best book about Los Angeles ever written", and arranged a meeting with Fante, himself a screenwriter. As a result of that meeting, Towne was granted the screen rights to the novel. The rights eventually lapsed, and the new owner was <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>. In 1993, Towne wrote the script for free in exchange for the chance to direct the film.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Cruise (with Paula Wagner and Cruise/Wagner Productions) served as one of the film's producers. <i>Ask the Dust</i> received mixed reviews and failed at the box office. The film was entered into the <a href="/wiki/28th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="28th Moscow International Film Festival">28th Moscow International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moscow2006_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow2006-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towne framed several of his signature films as elaborate <a href="/wiki/Melodramas" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodramas">melodramas</a>. He told <i>The New York Times</i> "I think melodrama is always a splendid occasion to entertain an audience and say things you want to say without rubbing their noses in it. With melodrama, as in dreams, you're always flirting with the disparity between appearance and reality, which is a great deal of fun. And that's also not unrelated to my perception of my life working in Hollywood, where you're always wondering, 'What does that guy really mean?'"<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Towne was the subject of artist <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Morris" title="Sarah Morris">Sarah Morris</a>'s film, <i>Robert Towne</i>. Morris describes him as an “elliptical figure” whose career exemplifies a certain characteristic mode of working in the film industry, marked by collaboration, shared or changing roles.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morris's 19,744-square-foot (1,834.3 m<sup>2</sup>) painting installation in the lobby of the <a href="/wiki/Lever_House" title="Lever House">Lever House</a> in Manhattan, commissioned by the Public Art Fund, was also titled "Robert Towne".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_television">Return to television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Return to television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2010s, Towne returned to television, working as a consulting producer on <i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Men" title="Mad Men">Mad Men</a></i> and writing two episodes of <i>Welcome to the Basement</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Towne began co-writing, with <a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>-exclusive prequel television series based on <i>Chinatown</i> character J. J. Gittes, with Fincher serving as <a href="/wiki/Showrunner" title="Showrunner">showrunner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JJ_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JJ-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 2024, a week before his death, Towne confirmed that the script for each episode had been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1968, Towne met actress <a href="/wiki/Julie_Ann_Payne" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Ann Payne">Julie Payne</a>; they were married from 1977 to 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sam Wasson's <i>The Big Goodbye: Chinatown and the Last Years of Hollywood</i>, Towne was addicted to cocaine during this period and was occasionally violent, which led to a bitter divorce and custody battle over their daughter Katharine (born 1978). </p><p>In 1984, Towne married Luisa Gaule. They had one daughter, Chiara.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the former son-in-law of late actor <a href="/wiki/John_Payne_(actor)" title="John Payne (actor)">John Payne</a> and actress <a href="/wiki/Anne_Shirley_(actress)" title="Anne Shirley (actress)">Anne Shirley</a>. Through his daughter Katharine, he was former father-in-law of actor <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hunnam" title="Charlie Hunnam">Charlie Hunnam</a>. </p><p>Towne died at his home in Los Angeles on July 1, 2024, at the age of 89.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Writer</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Director </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Woman_on_Earth" title="Last Woman on Earth">Last Woman on Earth</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tomb_of_Ligeia" title="The Tomb of Ligeia">The Tomb of Ligeia</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Rides" title="Villa Rides">Villa Rides</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Kulik" title="Buzz Kulik">Buzz Kulik</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Detail" title="The Last Detail">The Last Detail</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hal_Ashby" title="Hal Ashby">Hal Ashby</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1974 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(1974_film)" title="Chinatown (1974 film)">Chinatown</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yakuza" title="The Yakuza">The Yakuza</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_(film)" title="Shampoo (film)">Shampoo</a></i> </td> <td>Hal Ashby </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_Best_(film)" title="Personal Best (film)">Personal Best</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Also credited as producer </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Greystoke:_The_Legend_of_Tarzan,_Lord_of_the_Apes" title="Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes">Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hudson" title="Hugh Hudson">Hugh Hudson</a> </td> <td>Credited as P. H. Vazak </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tequila_Sunrise_(film)" title="Tequila Sunrise (film)">Tequila Sunrise</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1990 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Jakes" title="The Two Jakes">The Two Jakes</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Thunder" title="Days of Thunder">Days of Thunder</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Scott" title="Tony Scott">Tony Scott</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firm_(1993_film)" title="The Firm (1993 film)">The Firm</a></i> </td> <td>Sydney Pollack </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Affair_(1994_film)" title="Love Affair (1994 film)">Love Affair</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gordon_Caron" title="Glenn Gordon Caron">Glenn Gordon Caron</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film)" title="Mission: Impossible (film)">Mission: Impossible</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Without_Limits" title="Without Limits">Without Limits</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_2" title="Mission: Impossible 2">Mission: Impossible 2</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ask_the_Dust_(film)" title="Ask the Dust (film)">Ask the Dust</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uncredited writer</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Drive,_He_Said" title="Drive, He Said">Drive, He Said</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cisco_Pike" title="Cisco Pike">Cisco Pike</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Centurions" title="The New Centurions">The New Centurions</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Godfather (film)">The Godfather</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parallax_View" title="The Parallax View">The Parallax View</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Missouri_Breaks" title="The Missouri Breaks">The Missouri Breaks</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orca_(1977_film)" title="Orca (1977 film)">Orca</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Can_Wait_(1978_film)" title="Heaven Can Wait (1978 film)">Heaven Can Wait</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a></i> (1981) (Consultant)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deal_of_the_Century" title="Deal of the Century">Deal of the Century</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Shift_(film)" title="Swing Shift (film)">Swing Shift</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/8_Million_Ways_to_Die" title="8 Million Ways to Die">8 Million Ways to Die</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tough_Guys_Don%27t_Dance_(film)" title="Tough Guys Don't Dance (film)">Tough Guys Don't Dance</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frantic_(film)" title="Frantic (film)">Frantic</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Tide_(film)" title="Crimson Tide (film)">Crimson Tide</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armageddon_(1998_film)" title="Armageddon (1998 film)">Armageddon</a></i> (1998)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_III" title="Mission: Impossible III">Mission: Impossible III</a></i> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Actor</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Woman_on_Earth" title="Last Woman on Earth">Last Woman on Earth</a></i> </td> <td>Martin Joyce </td> <td rowspan="2">Credited as Edward Wain </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Creature_from_the_Haunted_Sea" title="Creature from the Haunted Sea">Creature from the Haunted Sea</a></i> </td> <td>Sparks Moran/Agent XK150/Narrator </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1971 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Zodiac_Killer_(film)" title="The Zodiac Killer (film)">The Zodiac Killer</a></i> </td> <td>Man in Bar #3 </td> <td>Credited as Robert Tubin </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Drive,_He_Said" title="Drive, He Said">Drive, He Said</a></i> </td> <td>Richard </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_(film)" title="Shampoo (film)">Shampoo</a></i> </td> <td>Party Guest </td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pick-up_Artist_(1987_film)" title="The Pick-up Artist (1987 film)">The Pick-up Artist</a></i> </td> <td>Stan </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Suspect_Zero" title="Suspect Zero">Suspect Zero</a></i> </td> <td>Professor Dates </td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Other roles</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Racers" title="The Young Racers">The Young Racers</a></i> </td> <td>Assistant director </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></i> </td> <td>Special writing consultant </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bedroom_Window_(1987_film)" title="The Bedroom Window (1987 film)">The Bedroom Window</a></i> </td> <td>Executive producer </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_2">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Writer</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Episode(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1963 </td> <td rowspan="4"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lloyd_Bridges_Show" title="The Lloyd Bridges Show">The Lloyd Bridges Show</a></i> </td> <td>"My Daddy Can Lick Your Daddy" </td></tr> <tr> <td>"A Personal Matter" </td></tr> <tr> <td>"The Last Lion" </td></tr> <tr> <td>"The Epidemic" </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Point_(1963_TV_series)" title="Breaking Point (1963 TV series)">Breaking Point</a></i> </td> <td>"So Many Pretty Girls, So Little Time" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)">The Outer Limits</a></i> </td> <td>"The Chameleon" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E." title="The Man from U.N.C.L.E.">The Man from U.N.C.L.E.</a></i> </td> <td>"The Dove Affair" </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2013-2017 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>Welcome to the Basement</i> </td> <td>"Tough Guys Don't Dance" </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Shampoo" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unmade_projects">Unmade projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Unmade projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><i>I Flew a Spy Plane Over Russia</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-AIP_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIP-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i>The Brotherhood of the Grape</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>, based upon the novel by <a href="/wiki/John_Fante" title="John Fante">John Fante</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td><i>The Mermaid</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><i>The Little Blue Whale</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/Don_Bluth" title="Don Bluth">Don Bluth</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><i>Gittes vs. Gittes</i> </td> <td>Unproduced sequel script to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Jakes" title="The Two Jakes">The Two Jakes</a></i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop_III" title="Beverly Hills Cop III">Beverly Hills Cop III</a></i> </td> <td>Rejected script </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>The Night Manager</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a>, based upon the <a href="/wiki/The_Night_Manager" title="The Night Manager">novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_39_Steps_(1935_film)" title="The 39 Steps (1935 film)">The 39 Steps</a></i> remake </td> <td>Writer/director </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td><i>Fertig</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> based upon <i>They Fought Alone</i> by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Buckmaster" title="Maurice Buckmaster">Maurice Buckmaster</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2011 </td> <td><i>Pompeii</i> TV miniseries </td> <td>Four-part series for <a href="/wiki/Scott_Free_Productions" title="Scott Free Productions">Scott Free Productions</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Pompeii_(novel)" title="Pompeii (novel)">the book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harris_(novelist)" title="Robert Harris (novelist)">Robert Harris</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Compadre</i> TV pilot </td> <td>Teleplay for <a href="/wiki/Scott_Free_Productions" title="Scott Free Productions">Scott Free Productions</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Battle1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Next of Kin</i> </td> <td>Script for David Fincher </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Battle2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>The Battle of Britain</i> </td> <td>Script for <a href="/wiki/Graham_King" title="Graham King">Graham King</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Battle1_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Battle2_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Battle2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><i>Dancing Bear</i> TV pilot </td> <td>Teleplay for <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a>, based upon the novel by <a href="/wiki/James_Crumley" title="James Crumley">James Crumley</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>Untitled <i>Chinatown</i> prequel series </td> <td>Teleplay for David Fincher, to be produced at <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-JJ_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JJ-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Awards</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> <ul><li>1974: Nominated, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Best Adapted Screenplay</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Detail" title="The Last Detail">The Last Detail</a></i></li> <li>1975: <b>Won</b>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a>, <i>Chinatown</i></li> <li>1976: Nominated, Best Original Screenplay, <i>Shampoo</i></li> <li>1985: Nominated, Best Adapted Screenplay, <i>Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">BAFTA Award</a> <ul><li>1975: <b>Won</b>, Best Screenplay, <i>The Last Detail</i> and <i>Chinatown</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> <ul><li>1975: <b>Won</b>, Best Screenplay - Motion Picture, <i>Chinatown</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Award">Edgar Award</a> <ul><li>1975: <b>Won</b>, Best Motion Picture, <i>Chinatown</i> (Author)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America Award">Writers Guild of America Award</a> <ul><li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" title="Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement">Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantucket_Film_Festival" title="Nantucket Film Festival">Nantucket Film Festival</a> <ul><li>2015: Screenwriters Tribute Award</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In the book <i>Fifty Filmmakers</i>, journalist Andrew J. Rausch argues: "There is a strong case to be made that Robert Towne is the most gifted scribe ever to write for film. There can be little doubt that he is one of the finest ever."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTobias2019" class="citation web cs1">Tobias, Scott (29 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/29/being-john-malkovich-charlie-kaufman-review">"Being John Malkovich at 20: why the surrealist comedy demands a rewatch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703025947/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/29/being-john-malkovich-charlie-kaufman-review">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Being+John+Malkovich+at+20%3A+why+the+surrealist+comedy+demands+a+rewatch&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.aulast=Tobias&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2019%2Foct%2F29%2Fbeing-john-malkovich-charlie-kaufman-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ERRB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ERRB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERRB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiskind,_Peter1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Biskind" title="Peter Biskind">Biskind, Peter</a> (1999). <i><a href="/wiki/Easy_Riders,_Raging_Bulls" title="Easy Riders, Raging Bulls">Easy Riders, Raging Bulls</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-4421-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-4421-0"><bdi>978-0-7475-4421-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easy+Riders%2C+Raging+Bulls&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-4421-0&rft.au=Biskind%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the State of California. <i>California Birth Index, 1905-1995</i>. Center for Health Statistics, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, California. Searchable at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461">http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427102456/http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461">Archived</a> 27 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2024" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Bill (2 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/02/movies/robert-towne-dead.html">"Robert Towne, Screenwriter of 'Chinatown' and More, Dies at 89"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703001220/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/02/movies/robert-towne-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Towne%2C+Screenwriter+of+%27Chinatown%27+and+More%2C+Dies+at+89&rft.date=2024-07-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F07%2F02%2Fmovies%2Frobert-towne-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lennon_thesis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_thesis_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lennon_thesis_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=appadoc">"Lennon, Elaine: The screenplays of Robert Towne 1960-2000. Dublin Institute of Technology, 2009"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724102857/http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=appadoc">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lennon%2C+Elaine%3A+The+screenplays+of+Robert+Towne+1960-2000.+Dublin+Institute+of+Technology%2C+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farrow.dit.ie%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1013%26context%3Dappadoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFI_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/67313"><i>The Natural</i></a> at the <em><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></em></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130203074827/http://www.superiorpics.com/robert_towne/">"The Robert Towne Page"</a>. SuperiorPics.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.superiorpics.com/robert_towne/">the original</a> on 3 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Robert+Towne+Page&rft.pub=SuperiorPics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.superiorpics.com%2Frobert_towne%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_obit-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_obit_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_obit_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jul/03/robert-towne-obituary">Robert Towne obituary: American screenwriter and director best known for the hit films Chinatown, The Last Detail and Shampoo</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brady_p_390-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_p_390_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_p_390_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady p 390</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brady_p_388-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_p_388_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_p_388_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady p 388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady p 396-398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brady_p_399-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_p_399_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brady_p_399_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady p 399</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady p 386-387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady p 387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDougal, Dennis (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FMkTJzvSUqQC&pg=PA416"><i>Five easy decades</i></a> pp.146, 182, 416</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuran1988" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turan" title="Kenneth Turan">Turan, Kenneth</a> (27 November 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/27/movies/film-robert-towne-s-hollywood-without-heroes.html">"Robert Towne's Hollywood Without Heroes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703025950/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/27/movies/film-robert-towne-s-hollywood-without-heroes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Towne%27s+Hollywood+Without+Heroes&rft.date=1988-11-27&rft.aulast=Turan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F11%2F27%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-robert-towne-s-hollywood-without-heroes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolas Cage, DVD commentary, <i>The Rock</i> Criterion Collection</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sam_Wasson_book-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sam_Wasson_book_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2020" class="citation news cs1">Horowitz, Mark (15 March 2020). "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood". No. Book Review p. 21. The New York Times Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+Hollywood&rft.issue=Book+Review+p.+21&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themillions.com/2020/04/does-robert-townes-chinatown-oscar-need-an-asterisk.html">"Does Robert Towne's 'Chinatown' Oscar Need an Asterisk?"</a>. 17 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240622120028/https://themillions.com/2020/04/does-robert-townes-chinatown-oscar-need-an-asterisk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Robert+Towne%27s+%27Chinatown%27+Oscar+Need+an+Asterisk%3F&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemillions.com%2F2020%2F04%2Fdoes-robert-townes-chinatown-oscar-need-an-asterisk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2015" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Jason (20 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/23703/1/film-credits-that-you-probably-missed">"Intriguing film credits that you probably missed"</a>. <i>hwww.dazeddigital.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913045655/https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/23703/1/film-credits-that-you-probably-missed">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hwww.dazeddigital.com&rft.atitle=Intriguing+film+credits+that+you+probably+missed&rft.date=2015-02-20&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dazeddigital.com%2Fartsandculture%2Farticle%2F23703%2F1%2Ffilm-credits-that-you-probably-missed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornits1999" class="citation web cs1">Kornits, Dov (27 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efilmcritic.com/feature.php?feature=87">"Robert Towne – From Chinatown to Hollywood"</a>. <i>eFilmCritic.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122102138/https://www.efilmcritic.com/feature.php?feature=87">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eFilmCritic.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Towne+%E2%80%93+From+Chinatown+to+Hollywood&rft.date=1999-08-27&rft.aulast=Kornits&rft.aufirst=Dov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efilmcritic.com%2Ffeature.php%3Ffeature%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTowne2012" class="citation interview cs1">Towne, Robert (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com/2008/01/robert-towne-hollywood-interview.html">"Robert Towne Dusts Off a Classic"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Interview</i> (Interview). Interviewed by Alex Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923170305/http://thehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com/2008/01/robert-towne-hollywood-interview.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Interview&rft.atitle=Robert+Towne+Dusts+Off+a+Classic&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.aulast=Towne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F01%2Frobert-towne-hollywood-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106164644/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1573487/story.jhtml">"Jack Nicholson Talks! In Rare Interview, Actor Reveals Details Of Never-Shot 'Chinatown' Sequel"</a>. Mtv.com. 5 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1573487/story.jhtml">the original</a> on 6 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Nicholson+Talks%21+In+Rare+Interview%2C+Actor+Reveals+Details+Of+Never-Shot+%27Chinatown%27+Sequel&rft.pub=Mtv.com&rft.date=2007-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fmovies%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1573487%2Fstory.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2006" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Jeffrey M. (7 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.combustiblecelluloid.com/interviews/roberttowne.shtml">"Interview with Robert Towne: From 'Dust' to 'Dust'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Combustible Celluloid</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703030019/https://www.combustiblecelluloid.com/interviews/roberttowne.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Combustible+Celluloid&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Robert+Towne%3A+From+%27Dust%27+to+%27Dust%27&rft.date=2006-02-07&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.combustiblecelluloid.com%2Finterviews%2Froberttowne.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow2006-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moscow2006_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130421051006/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2006">"28th Moscow International Film Festival (2006)"</a>. <i>MIFF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2006">the original</a> on 21 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIFF&rft.atitle=28th+Moscow+International+Film+Festival+%282006%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowfilmfestival.ru%2Fmiff34%2Feng%2Farchives%2F%3Fyear%3D2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicartfund.org/pafweb/.../06/morris/morris-06.html">"Public Art Fund"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toni_Schlesinger" title="Toni Schlesinger">Schlesinger, Toni</a> (18 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2006/09/wonderful-towne-lever-house-hosts-homage-to-screenwriter/">"Wonderful Towne! Lever House Hosts Homage to Screenwriter"</a>. <i>The New York Observer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330023343/https://observer.com/2006/09/wonderful-towne-lever-house-hosts-homage-to-screenwriter/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Observer&rft.atitle=Wonderful+Towne%21+Lever+House+Hosts+Homage+to+Screenwriter&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Toni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobserver.com%2F2006%2F09%2Fwonderful-towne-lever-house-hosts-homage-to-screenwriter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001801/">"Robert Towne"</a>. <i>IMDb</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903122717/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001801/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Robert+Towne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0001801%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JJ-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JJ_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JJ_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2019" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Mike Jr. (19 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2019/11/chinatown-prequel-series-pilot-robert-towne-david-fincher-netflix-1202789041/">"Netflix Teams Robert Towne And David Fincher for 'Chinatown' Prequel Series Pilot Script"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191119010306/https://deadline.com/2019/11/chinatown-prequel-series-pilot-robert-towne-david-fincher-netflix-1202789041/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Netflix+Teams+Robert+Towne+And+David+Fincher+for+%27Chinatown%27+Prequel+Series+Pilot+Script&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Mike+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2019%2F11%2Fchinatown-prequel-series-pilot-robert-towne-david-fincher-netflix-1202789041%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy,_J._Kim2024" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, J. Kim (22 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2024/film/features/chinatown-50th-anniversary-robert-towne-prequel-david-fincher-1236043979/">"As 'Chinatown' Turns 50, Robert Towne Reflects on His Netflix Prequel Plans With David Fincher and Writing Jack Nicholson's Most Iconic Role"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=As+%27Chinatown%27+Turns+50%2C+Robert+Towne+Reflects+on+His+Netflix+Prequel+Plans+With+David+Fincher+and+Writing+Jack+Nicholson%27s+Most+Iconic+Role&rft.date=2024-06-22&rft.au=Murphy%2C+J.+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2024%2Ffilm%2Ffeatures%2Fchinatown-50th-anniversary-robert-towne-prequel-david-fincher-1236043979%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/latimes/name/julie-payne-obituary?pid=193183735">"Julie Payne Obituary (2019) Los Angeles Times"</a>. <i>Legacy.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828192457/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/latimes/name/julie-payne-obituary?pid=193183735">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legacy.com&rft.atitle=Julie+Payne+Obituary+%282019%29+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fus%2Fobituaries%2Flatimes%2Fname%2Fjulie-payne-obituary%3Fpid%3D193183735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4481595/">"Chiara Towne"</a>. <i>IMDb</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829003408/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4481595/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Chiara+Towne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm4481595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLellan2024" class="citation web cs1">McLellan, Dennis (2 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2024-07-02/robert-towne-dead-chinatown-screenwriter">"Robert Towne, Oscar-winning screenwriting icon behind 'Chinatown,' dies at 89"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703025948/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2024-07-02/robert-towne-dead-chinatown-screenwriter">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Towne%2C+Oscar-winning+screenwriting+icon+behind+%27Chinatown%2C%27+dies+at+89&rft.date=2024-07-02&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fmovies%2Fstory%2F2024-07-02%2Frobert-towne-dead-chinatown-screenwriter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinstad2006" class="citation book cs1">Finstad, Suzanne (2006). "Act 4: The Pro". <i>Warren Beatty: A Private Man</i>. Crown/Archetype. p. 440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307345295" title="Special:BookSources/9780307345295"><bdi>9780307345295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Act+4%3A+The+Pro&rft.btitle=Warren+Beatty%3A+A+Private+Man&rft.pages=440&rft.pub=Crown%2FArchetype&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780307345295&rft.aulast=Finstad&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2001" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Deborah C. (2001). "1978–1971 The Muse". <i>Diane Keaton: Artist and Icon</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Mel+Gibson%2C+Robert+Towne%2C+Mike+Medavoy+Team+On+%27Dancing+Bear%27+For+USA+Network&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Mike+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2018%2F02%2Fmel-gibson-robert-towne-mike-medavoy-dancing-bear-usa-network-universal-cable-productions-1202291567%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRausch2008" class="citation book cs1">Rausch, Andrew J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ac17BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244"><i>Fifty Filmmakers: Conversations with Directors from Roger Avary to Steven Zaillian</i></a>. McFarland. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786431496" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786431496"><bdi>978-0786431496</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323040721/https://books.google.com/books?id=ac17BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Filmmakers%3A+Conversations+with+Directors+from+Roger+Avary+to+Steven+Zaillian&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0786431496&rft.aulast=Rausch&rft.aufirst=Andrew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dac17BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady1981" class="citation book cs1">Brady, John (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/craftofscreenwri00joh_2tu"><i>The Craft of the Screenwriter</i></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Craft+of+the+Screenwriter&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcraftofscreenwri00joh_2tu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Towne" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Towne&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001801/">Robert Towne</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_by_Robert_Towne" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Towne" title="Template:Robert Towne"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Towne" title="Template talk:Robert Towne"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Towne" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Towne"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_by_Robert_Towne" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written and directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_Best_(film)" title="Personal Best (film)">Personal Best</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tequila_Sunrise_(film)" title="Tequila Sunrise (film)">Tequila Sunrise</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Without_Limits" title="Without Limits">Without Limits</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ask_the_Dust_(film)" title="Ask the Dust (film)">Ask the Dust</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Woman_on_Earth" title="Last Woman on Earth">Last Woman on Earth</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tomb_of_Ligeia" title="The Tomb of Ligeia">The Tomb of Ligeia</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Rides" title="Villa Rides">Villa Rides</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Detail" title="The Last Detail">The Last Detail</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(1974_film)" title="Chinatown (1974 film)">Chinatown</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yakuza" title="The Yakuza">The Yakuza</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_(film)" title="Shampoo (film)">Shampoo</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greystoke:_The_Legend_of_Tarzan,_Lord_of_the_Apes" title="Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes">Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Jakes" title="The Two Jakes">The Two Jakes</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Thunder" title="Days of Thunder">Days of Thunder</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firm_(1993_film)" title="The Firm (1993 film)">The Firm</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Affair_(1994_film)" title="Love Affair (1994 film)">Love Affair</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film)" title="Mission: Impossible (film)">Mission: Impossible</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_2" title="Mission: Impossible 2">Mission: Impossible 2</a></i> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Robert_Towne" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Robert_Towne" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Robert Towne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1940–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Sturges" title="Preston Sturges">Preston Sturges</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_J._Mankiewicz" title="Herman J. Mankiewicz">Herman J. Mankiewicz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanin" title="Michael Kanin">Michael Kanin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner_Jr." title="Ring Lardner Jr.">Ring Lardner Jr.</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Krasna" title="Norman Krasna">Norman Krasna</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Trotti" title="Lamar Trotti">Lamar Trotti</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schweizer" title="Richard Schweizer">Richard Schweizer</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Box" title="Muriel Box">Muriel Box</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Box" title="Sydney Box">Sydney Box</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sheldon" title="Sidney Sheldon">Sidney Sheldon</a> (1947)</li> <li>No award (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pirosh" title="Robert Pirosh">Robert Pirosh</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._M._Marshman_Jr." title="D. M. Marshman Jr.">D. M. Marshman Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._E._B._Clarke" title="T. E. B. Clarke">T. E. B. Clarke</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Breen" title="Richard L. Breen">Richard L. Breen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reisch" title="Walter Reisch">Walter Reisch</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budd_Schulberg" title="Budd Schulberg">Budd Schulberg</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Levien" title="Sonya Levien">Sonya Levien</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Ludwig_(screenwriter)" title="William Ludwig (screenwriter)">William Ludwig</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lamorisse" title="Albert Lamorisse">Albert Lamorisse</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_(screenwriter)" title="George Wells (screenwriter)">George Wells</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedrick_Young" title="Nedrick Young">Nathan E. Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jacob_Smith" title="Harold Jacob Smith">Harold Jacob Smith</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Greene" title="Clarence Greene">Clarence Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Richlin" title="Maurice Richlin">Maurice Richlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Rouse" title="Russell Rouse">Russell Rouse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Shapiro" title="Stanley Shapiro">Stanley Shapiro</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._L._Diamond" title="I. A. L. Diamond">I. A. L. Diamond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Inge" title="William Inge">William Inge</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_de_Concini" title="Ennio de Concini">Ennio de Concini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Giannetti" title="Alfredo Giannetti">Alfredo Giannetti</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Webb" title="James R. Webb">James Webb</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._H._Barnett" title="S. H. Barnett">S. H. Barnett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stone_(writer)" title="Peter Stone (writer)">Peter Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Tarloff" title="Frank Tarloff">Frank Tarloff</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Raphael" title="Frederic Raphael">Frederic Raphael</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lelouch" title="Claude Lelouch">Claude Lelouch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Uytterhoeven" title="Pierre Uytterhoeven">Pierre Uytterhoeven</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="William Rose (screenwriter)">William Rose</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._North" title="Edmund H. North">Edmund H. North</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Larner" title="Jeremy Larner">Jeremy Larner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Ward" title="David S. Ward">David S. Ward</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Jones" title="Robert C. Jones">Robert C. Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Dowd" title="Nancy Dowd">Nancy Dowd</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Welland" title="Colin Welland">Colin Welland</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Briley" title="John Briley">John Briley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kelley_(screenwriter)" title="William Kelley (screenwriter)">William Kelley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Wallace" title="Pamela Wallace">Pamela Wallace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Wallace" title="Earl W. Wallace">Earl W. Wallace</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">John Patrick Shanley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Bass" title="Ronald Bass">Ronald Bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Morrow" title="Barry Morrow">Barry Morrow</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Schulman" title="Tom Schulman">Tom Schulman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Joel_Rubin" title="Bruce Joel Rubin">Bruce Joel Rubin</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callie_Khouri" title="Callie Khouri">Callie Khouri</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Avary" title="Roger Avary">Roger Avary</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McQuarrie" title="Christopher McQuarrie">Christopher McQuarrie</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ball_(screenwriter)" title="Alan Ball (screenwriter)">Alan Ball</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Crowe" title="Cameron Crowe">Cameron Crowe</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bismuth" title="Pierre Bismuth">Pierre Bismuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Gondry" title="Michel Gondry">Michel Gondry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moresco" title="Robert Moresco">Bobby Moresco</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arndt" title="Michael Arndt">Michael Arndt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Cody" title="Diablo Cody">Diablo Cody</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Seidler" title="David Seidler">David Seidler</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Giacobone" title="Nicolás Giacobone">Nicolás Giacobone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dinelaris_Jr." title="Alexander Dinelaris Jr.">Alexander Dinelaris Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armando_B%C3%B3_(screenwriter)" title="Armando Bó (screenwriter)">Armando Bo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Vallelonga" title="Nick Vallelonga">Nick Vallelonga</a>, Brian Currie and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Farrelly" title="Peter Farrelly">Peter Farrelly</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_Jin-won" title="Han Jin-won">Han Jin-won</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Fennell" title="Emerald Fennell">Emerald Fennell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Triet" title="Justine Triet">Justine Triet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harari" title="Arthur Harari">Arthur Harari</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay">BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Calder_Willingham" title="Calder Willingham">Calder Willingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buck_Henry" title="Buck Henry">Buck Henry</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> / <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Getchell" title="Robert Getchell">Robert Getchell</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Forsyth" title="Bill Forsyth">Bill Forsyth</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Stewart" title="Donald E. Stewart">Donald E. Stewart</a> (1982)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay">Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1965–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Silliphant" title="Stirling Silliphant">Stirling Silliphant</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Silliphant" title="Stirling Silliphant">Stirling Silliphant</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bridget_Boland" title="Bridget Boland">Bridget Boland</a>, John Hale and Richard Sokolove (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Segal" title="Erich Segal">Erich Segal</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Puzo" title="Mario Puzo">Mario Puzo</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hauben" title="Lawrence Hauben">Lawrence Hauben</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thompson" title="Ernest Thompson">Ernest Thompson</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Briley" title="John Briley">John Briley</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shaffer" title="Peter Shaffer">Peter Shaffer</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Peploe" title="Mark Peploe">Mark Peploe</a>, and Enzo Ungari (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Foner_Gyllenhaal" title="Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal">Naomi Foner</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Kovic" title="Ron Kovic">Ron Kovic</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blake_(author)" title="Michael Blake (author)">Michael Blake</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Callie_Khouri" title="Callie Khouri">Callie Khouri</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Zaillian" title="Steven Zaillian">Steven Zaillian</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Alexander_and_Larry_Karaszewski" title="Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski">Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ball_(screenwriter)" title="Alan Ball (screenwriter)">Alan Ball</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaghan" title="Stephen Gaghan">Stephen Gaghan</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akiva_Goldsman" title="Akiva Goldsman">Akiva Goldsman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ossana" title="Diana Ossana">Diana Ossana</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Beaufoy" title="Simon Beaufoy">Simon Beaufoy</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Reitman" title="Jason Reitman">Jason Reitman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Turner" title="Sheldon Turner">Sheldon Turner</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Giacobone" title="Nicolás Giacobone">Nicolás Giacobone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dinelaris_Jr." title="Alexander Dinelaris Jr.">Alexander Dinelaris Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armando_B%C3%B3_(screenwriter)" title="Armando Bó (screenwriter)">Armando Bo</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Brian Hayes Currie, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Farrelly" title="Peter Farrelly">Peter Farrelly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Vallelonga" title="Nick Vallelonga">Nick Vallelonga</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Justine_Triet" title="Justine Triet">Justine Triet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harari" title="Arthur Harari">Arthur Harari</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay">National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1967–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(screenwriter)" title="David Newman (screenwriter)">David Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">John Cassavetes</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Tucker (screenwriter)">Larry Tucker</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willard_Huyck" title="Willard Huyck">Willard Huyck</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Tanner" title="Alain Tanner">Alain Tanner</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Berger" title="John Berger">John Berger</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Schisgal" title="Murray Schisgal">Murray Schisgal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Forsyth" title="Bill Forsyth">Bill Forsyth</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Ganz" title="Lowell Ganz">Lowell Ganz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babaloo_Mandel" title="Babaloo Mandel">Babaloo Mandel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Jay_Friedman" title="Bruce Jay Friedman">Bruce Jay Friedman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monica_Johnson" title="Monica Johnson">Monica Johnson</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanif_Kureishi" title="Hanif Kureishi">Hanif Kureishi</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Shelton" title="Ron Shelton">Ron Shelton</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> and Daniel Yost (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Peoples" title="David Peoples">David Webb Peoples</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Avary" title="Roger Avary">Roger Avary</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Heckerling" title="Amy Heckerling">Amy Heckerling</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monica_Johnson" title="Monica Johnson">Monica Johnson</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Helgeland" title="Brian Helgeland">Brian Helgeland</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Frank" title="Scott Frank">Scott Frank</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Harwood" title="Ronald Harwood">Ronald Harwood</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shari_Springer_Berman_and_Robert_Pulcini" title="Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini">Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noah_Baumbach" title="Noah Baumbach">Noah Baumbach</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Jenkins" title="Tamara Jenkins">Tamara Jenkins</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Farhadi" title="Asghar Farhadi">Asghar Farhadi</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Hawke" title="Ethan Hawke">Ethan Hawke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Delpy" title="Julie Delpy">Julie Delpy</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armando_Iannucci" title="Armando Iannucci">Armando Iannucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Schneider_(actor)" title="David Schneider (actor)">David Schneider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Martin_(writer)" title="Ian Martin (writer)">Ian Martin</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_Jin-won" title="Han Jin-won">Han Jin-won</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hittman" title="Eliza Hittman">Eliza Hittman</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryusuke_Hamaguchi" title="Ryusuke Hamaguchi">Ryusuke Hamaguchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Takamasa_Oe" title="Takamasa Oe">Takamasa Oe</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Field" title="Todd Field">Todd Field</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samy_Burch" title="Samy Burch">Samy Burch</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Template:Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Drama <br /> (1969–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> & <a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._North" title="Edmund H. North">Edmund H. North</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Larner" title="Jeremy Larner">Jeremy Larner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Shagan" title="Steve Shagan">Steve Shagan</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Dowd" title="Nancy Dowd">Nancy Dowd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Jones" title="Robert C. Jones">Robert C. Jones</a> & <a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gray" title="Mike Gray">Mike Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._S._Cook" title="T. S. Cook">T. S. Cook</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_Bridges" title="James Bridges">James Bridges</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> & <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Griffiths" title="Trevor Griffiths">Trevor Griffiths</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Mathison" title="Melissa Mathison">Melissa Mathison</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Comedy <br /> (1969–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> & <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Tucker (screenwriter)">Larry Tucker</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buck_Henry" title="Buck Henry">Buck Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(screenwriter)" title="David Newman (screenwriter)">David Newman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Frank" title="Melvin Frank">Melvin Frank</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="Jack Rose (screenwriter)">Jack Rose</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Steinberg" title="Norman Steinberg">Norman Steinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bergman" title="Andrew Bergman">Andrew Bergman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Uger" title="Alan Uger">Alan Uger</a> (1974)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> & <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lancaster" title="Bill Lancaster">Bill Lancaster</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Keller" title="Sheldon Keller">Sheldon Keller</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Meyers" title="Nancy Meyers">Nancy Meyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Miller_(screenwriter)" title="Harvey Miller (screenwriter)">Harvey Miller</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Shyer" title="Charles Shyer">Charles Shyer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gordon_(director)" title="Steve Gordon (director)">Steve Gordon</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_McGuire_(actor)" title="Don McGuire (actor)">Don McGuire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> & <a href="/wiki/Murray_Schisgal" title="Murray Schisgal">Murray Schisgal</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Benedek" title="Barbara Benedek">Barbara Benedek</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Screenplay <br /> (1984–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kelley_(screenwriter)" title="William Kelley (screenwriter)">William Kelley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Wallace" title="Earl W. Wallace">Earl W. Wallace</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">John Patrick Shanley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Shelton" title="Ron Shelton">Ron Shelton</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callie_Khouri" title="Callie Khouri">Callie Khouri</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Wallace" title="Randall Wallace">Randall Wallace</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen & Ethan Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mark_Andrus" title="Mark Andrus">Mark Andrus</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ball_(screenwriter)" title="Alan Ball (screenwriter)">Alan Ball</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bismuth" title="Pierre Bismuth">Pierre Bismuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Gondry" title="Michel Gondry">Michel Gondry</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moresco" title="Robert Moresco">Bobby Moresco</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arndt" title="Michael Arndt">Michael Arndt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Cody" title="Diablo Cody">Diablo Cody</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Guinness" title="Hugo Guinness">Hugo Guinness</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tarell_Alvin_McCraney" title="Tarell Alvin McCraney">Tarell Alvin McCraney</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> & <a href="/wiki/Han_Jin-won" title="Han Jin-won">Han Jin-won</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Fennell" title="Emerald Fennell">Emerald Fennell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">Adam McKay</a> & <a href="/wiki/David_Sirota" title="David Sirota">David Sirota</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hemingson" title="David Hemingson">David Hemingson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" title="Template:Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_Screenplay_winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay winners">Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Paxton" title="John Paxton">John Paxton</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Veiller" title="Anthony Veiller">Anthony Veiller</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paxton" title="John Paxton">John Paxton</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Cady" title="Jerome Cady">Jerome Cady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Dratler" title="Jay Dratler">Jay Dratler</a>, Leonard Hoffman, and <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Reynolds" title="Quentin Reynolds">Quentin Reynolds</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Dinelli" title="Mel Dinelli">Mel Dinelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Woolrich" title="Cornell Woolrich">Cornell Woolrich</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Maddow" title="Ben Maddow">Ben Maddow</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang_(film_producer)" title="Otto Lang (film producer)">Otto Lang</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Boehm" title="Sydney Boehm">Sydney Boehm</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Hayes" title="John Michael Hayes">John Michael Hayes</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hayes_(author)" title="Joseph Hayes (author)">Joseph Hayes</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Rose" title="Reginald Rose">Reginald Rose</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedrick_Young" title="Nedrick Young">Nathan E. Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jacob_Smith" title="Harold Jacob Smith">Harold Jacob Smith</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stefano" title="Joseph Stefano">Joseph Stefano</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_(playwright)" title="William Archibald (playwright)">William Archibald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stone_(writer)" title="Peter Stone (writer)">Peter Stone</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Farrell" title="Henry Farrell">Henry Farrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lukas_Heller" title="Lukas Heller">Lukas Heller</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dehn" title="Paul Dehn">Paul Dehn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Trosper" title="Guy Trosper">Guy Trosper</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Silliphant" title="Stirling Silliphant">Stirling Silliphant</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Kleiner" title="Harry Kleiner">Harry Kleiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Trustman" title="Alan Trustman">Alan Trustman</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa Gavras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Sempr%C3%BAn" title="Jorge Semprún">Jorge Semprún</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Pirro" title="Ugo Pirro">Ugo Pirro</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tidyman" title="Ernest Tidyman">Ernest Tidyman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shaffer_(writer)" title="Anthony Shaffer (writer)">Anthony Shaffer</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1974)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rayfiel" title="David Rayfiel">David Rayfiel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Semple_Jr." title="Lorenzo Semple Jr.">Lorenzo Semple, Jr.</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wambaugh" title="Joseph Wambaugh">Joseph Wambaugh</a> (1981)</li> <li>Jeffrey Alan Fiskin (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie_Keeffe" title="Barrie Keeffe">Barrie Keeffe</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Potter" title="Dennis Potter">Dennis Potter</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fuller" title="Charles Fuller">Charles Fuller</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kelley_(screenwriter)" title="William Kelley (screenwriter)">William Kelley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Wallace" title="Earl W. Wallace">Earl W. Wallace</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Max_Frye" title="E. Max Frye">E. Max Frye</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kouf" title="Jim Kouf">Jim Kouf</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errol_Morris" title="Errol Morris">Errol Morris</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Waters_(screenwriter)" title="Daniel Waters (screenwriter)">Daniel Waters</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Westlake" title="Donald E. Westlake">Donald E. Westlake</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Tally" title="Ted Tally">Ted Tally</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tolkin" title="Michael Tolkin">Michael Tolkin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbe_Roe_Smith" title="Ebbe Roe Smith">Ebbe Roe Smith</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McQuarrie" title="Christopher McQuarrie">Christopher McQuarrie</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Helgeland" title="Brian Helgeland">Brian Helgeland</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Frank" title="Scott Frank">Scott Frank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmore_Leonard" title="Elmore Leonard">Elmore Leonard</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaghan" title="Stephen Gaghan">Stephen Gaghan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Moore_(writer)" title="Simon Moore (writer)">Simon Moore</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Condon" title="Bill Condon">Bill Condon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Knight" title="Steven Knight">Steven Knight</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jeunet" title="Jean-Pierre Jeunet">Jean-Pierre Jeunet</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Japrisot" title="Sébastien Japrisot">Sébastien Japrisot</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaghan" title="Stephen Gaghan">Stephen Gaghan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baer" title="Robert Baer">Robert Baer</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monahan" title="William Monahan">William Monahan</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gilroy" title="Tony Gilroy">Tony Gilroy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" title="Template:Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" title="Template talk:Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Award_for_Screenwriting_Achievement" title="Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement">Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Levien" title="Sonya Levien">Sonya Levien</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Nichols" title="Dudley Nichols">Dudley Nichols</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Riskin" title="Robert Riskin">Robert Riskin</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julius_J._Epstein" title="Julius J. Epstein">Julius Epstein</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_G._Epstein" title="Philip G. Epstein">Philip Epstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Hackett" title="Albert Hackett">Albert Hackett</a> & <a href="/wiki/Frances_Goodrich" title="Frances Goodrich">Frances Goodrich</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> & <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Mahin" title="John Lee Mahin">John Lee Mahin</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nunnally_Johnson" title="Nunnally Johnson">Nunnally Johnson</a> (1959)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Krasna" title="Norman Krasna">Norman Krasna</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Seaton" title="George Seaton">George Seaton</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dunne_(writer)" title="Philip Dunne (writer)">Philip Dunne</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Buchman" title="Sidney Buchman">Sidney Buchman</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isobel_Lennart" title="Isobel Lennart">Isobel Lennart</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks" title="Richard Brooks">Richard Brooks</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Robinson" title="Casey Robinson">Casey Robinson</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> (1969)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Poe" title="James Poe">James Poe</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="William Rose (screenwriter)">William Rose</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Preston_Sturges" title="Preston Sturges">Preston Sturges</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samson_Raphaelson" title="Samson Raphaelson">Samson Raphaelson</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Anhalt" title="Edward Anhalt">Edward Anhalt</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1979)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> & <a href="/wiki/I._A._L._Diamond" title="I. A. L. Diamond">I. A. L. Diamond</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Hecht" title="Ben Hecht">Ben Hecht</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Osborn" title="Paul Osborn">Paul Osborn</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Trotti" title="Lamar Trotti">Lamar Trotti</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melville_Shavelson" title="Melville Shavelson">Melville Shavelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="Jack Rose (screenwriter)">Jack Rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Panama" title="Norman Panama">Norman Panama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Frank" title="Melvin Frank">Melvin Frank</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Ravetch" title="Irving Ravetch">Irving Ravetch</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Frank_Jr." title="Harriet Frank Jr.">Harriet Frank Jr.</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner_Jr." title="Ring Lardner Jr.">Ring Lardner Jr.</a> (1989)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ogden_Stewart" title="Donald Ogden Stewart">Donald Ogden Stewart</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Prawer_Jhabvala" title="Ruth Prawer Jhabvala">Ruth Prawer Jhabvala</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bennett_(screenwriter)" title="Charles Bennett (screenwriter)">Charles Bennett</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Taradash" title="Daniel Taradash">Daniel Taradash</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Towne</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Hayes" title="John Michael Hayes">John Michael Hayes</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budd_Schulberg" title="Budd Schulberg">Budd Schulberg</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No award (2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Zaillian" title="Steven Zaillian">Steven Zaillian</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Roth" title="Eric Roth">Eric Roth</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ramis" title="Harold Ramis">Harold Ramis</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Ganz" title="Lowell Ganz">Lowell Ganz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babaloo_Mandel" title="Babaloo Mandel">Babaloo Mandel</a> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Meyers" title="Nancy Meyers">Nancy Meyers</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No award (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No award (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721922#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721922#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721922#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368592324">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114761765">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84251577">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/156146/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjXgkgxmyQwPpk48tKjmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129316865">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85038515">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13984409z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13984409z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20060623024&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vazak, P. H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20241232376&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wain, Edward"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20241232377&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1181771">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071245162">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90844148">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000035929&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018M5541">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810691699305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007333137705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521252806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08938686?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd129316865.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/057409218">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61j988z">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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