CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html dir="rtl" lang="ar" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, viewport-fit=cover"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟</title> <meta name="description" content="鬲賳賮賷匕丕賱亘丨賵孬賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賵丕賱賲卮丕乇賷毓賮賷賲噩丕賱丕鬲毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟賵丕賱毓賱賵賲匕丕鬲丕賱毓賱丕賯賴"/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="ar_AR" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" /> <meta property="og:description" content="鬲賳賮賷匕丕賱亘丨賵孬賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賵丕賱賲卮丕乇賷毓賮賷賲噩丕賱丕鬲毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟賵丕賱毓賱賵賲匕丕鬲丕賱毓賱丕賯賴" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://geoscience.org.sa/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="丕賱噩賲毓賷賴丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-08-21T07:51:40+00:00" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-06-23T17:05:08+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-08-21T07:51:40+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="鬲賳賮賷匕丕賱亘丨賵孬賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賵丕賱賲卮丕乇賷毓賮賷賲噩丕賱丕鬲毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟賵丕賱毓賱賵賲匕丕鬲丕賱毓賱丕賯賴" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="賰購鬲亘亘賵丕爻胤丞" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="admin" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="賲丿丞丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="兀賯賱賲賳丿賯賷賯丞" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#logo","url":"https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-1-1.png","caption":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","inLanguage":"ar","width":"186","height":"176"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#website","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","alternateName":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","publisher":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#organization"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"http://geoscience.org.sa/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal.png","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal.png","width":"200","height":"200","inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#webpage","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","datePublished":"2024-06-23T17:05:08+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-21T07:51:40+00:00","about":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#organization"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal.png"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/author/admin/","name":"admin","url":"http://geoscience.org.sa/author/admin/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/778c392a4571461c862a952f85f7e9e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/778c392a4571461c862a952f85f7e9e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin","inLanguage":"ar"},"sameAs":["https://geoscience.org.sa"],"worksFor":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#organization"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","keywords":"\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636,\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629","datePublished":"2024-06-23T17:05:08+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-21T07:51:40+00:00","author":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/author/admin/","name":"admin"},"publisher":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#organization"},"description":"\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636","@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal.png"},"inLanguage":"ar","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http://geoscience.org.sa/#webpage"}}]}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟 « 丕賱禺賱丕氐丞" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟 « 禺賱丕氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賷賯丕鬲" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/comments/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-widgets-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/inc/widgets-css/frontend.css?ver=1.6.37' media='all' /> <style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1: var(--theme-palette-color-1, #2872fa);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2: var(--theme-palette-color-2, #1559ed);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3: var(--theme-palette-color-3, #3A4F66);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4: var(--theme-palette-color-4, #192a3d);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5: var(--theme-palette-color-5, #e1e8ed);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6: var(--theme-palette-color-6, #f2f5f7);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7: var(--theme-palette-color-7, #FAFBFC);--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8: var(--theme-palette-color-8, #ffffff);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-peach: linear-gradient(to right, #ffecd2 0%, #fcb69f 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--young-passion: linear-gradient(to right, #ff8177 0%, #ff867a 0%, #ff8c7f 21%, #f99185 52%, #cf556c 78%, #b12a5b 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--true-sunset: linear-gradient(to right, #fa709a 0%, #fee140 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--morpheus-den: linear-gradient(to top, #30cfd0 0%, #330867 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--plum-plate: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--aqua-splash: linear-gradient(15deg, #13547a 0%, #80d0c7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--love-kiss: linear-gradient(to top, #ff0844 0%, #ffb199 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--new-retrowave: linear-gradient(to top, #3b41c5 0%, #a981bb 49%, #ffc8a9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--plum-bath: linear-gradient(to top, #cc208e 0%, #6713d2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--high-flight: linear-gradient(to right, #0acffe 0%, #495aff 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--teen-party: linear-gradient(-225deg, #FF057C 0%, #8D0B93 50%, #321575 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--fabled-sunset: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107A 29%, #FF1361 67%, #FFF800 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--arielle-smile: radial-gradient(circle 248px at center, #16d9e3 0%, #30c7ec 47%, #46aef7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--itmeo-branding: linear-gradient(180deg, #2af598 0%, #009efd 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--deep-blue: linear-gradient(to right, #6a11cb 0%, #2575fc 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--strong-bliss: linear-gradient(to right, #f78ca0 0%, #f9748f 19%, #fd868c 60%, #fe9a8b 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--sweet-period: linear-gradient(to top, #3f51b1 0%, #5a55ae 13%, #7b5fac 25%, #8f6aae 38%, #a86aa4 50%, #cc6b8e 62%, #f18271 75%, #f3a469 87%, #f7c978 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--purple-division: linear-gradient(to top, #7028e4 0%, #e5b2ca 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cold-evening: linear-gradient(to top, #0c3483 0%, #a2b6df 100%, #6b8cce 100%, #a2b6df 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mountain-rock: linear-gradient(to right, #868f96 0%, #596164 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--desert-hump: linear-gradient(to top, #c79081 0%, #dfa579 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--ethernal-constance: linear-gradient(to top, #09203f 0%, #537895 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--happy-memories: linear-gradient(-60deg, #ff5858 0%, #f09819 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--grown-early: linear-gradient(to top, #0ba360 0%, #3cba92 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--morning-salad: linear-gradient(-225deg, #B7F8DB 0%, #50A7C2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--night-call: linear-gradient(-225deg, #AC32E4 0%, #7918F2 48%, #4801FF 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mind-crawl: linear-gradient(-225deg, #473B7B 0%, #3584A7 51%, #30D2BE 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--angel-care: linear-gradient(-225deg, #FFE29F 0%, #FFA99F 48%, #FF719A 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-cake: linear-gradient(to top, #e14fad 0%, #f9d423 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--rich-metal: linear-gradient(to right, #d7d2cc 0%, #304352 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--mole-hall: linear-gradient(-20deg, #616161 0%, #9bc5c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cloudy-knoxville: linear-gradient(120deg, #fdfbfb 0%, #ebedee 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--soft-grass: linear-gradient(to top, #c1dfc4 0%, #deecdd 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--saint-petersburg: linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f7fa 0%, #c3cfe2 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--everlasting-sky: linear-gradient(135deg, #fdfcfb 0%, #e2d1c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--kind-steel: linear-gradient(-20deg, #e9defa 0%, #fbfcdb 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--over-sun: linear-gradient(60deg, #abecd6 0%, #fbed96 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--premium-white: linear-gradient(to top, #d5d4d0 0%, #d5d4d0 1%, #eeeeec 31%, #efeeec 75%, #e9e9e7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--clean-mirror: linear-gradient(45deg, #93a5cf 0%, #e4efe9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--wild-apple: linear-gradient(to top, #d299c2 0%, #fef9d7 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--snow-again: linear-gradient(to top, #e6e9f0 0%, #eef1f5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--confident-cloud: linear-gradient(to top, #dad4ec 0%, #dad4ec 1%, #f3e7e9 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--glass-water: linear-gradient(to top, #dfe9f3 0%, white 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--perfect-white: linear-gradient(-225deg, #E3FDF5 0%, #FFE6FA 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: clamp(22px, 1.375rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.625), 30px);--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: clamp(30px, 1.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.563), 50px);--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large: clamp(45px, 2.813rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 2.734), 80px);--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--theme-block-max-width);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--theme-block-wide-max-width); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: var(--theme-content-spacing); margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: var(--theme-content-spacing); }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: var(--theme-content-spacing);margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: var(--theme-content-spacing);margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: var(--theme-content-spacing);}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: var(--theme-content-spacing);}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-palette-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-1) !important;}.has-palette-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-2) !important;}.has-palette-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-3) !important;}.has-palette-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-4) !important;}.has-palette-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-5) !important;}.has-palette-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-6) !important;}.has-palette-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-7) !important;}.has-palette-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--palette-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-juicy-peach-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-peach) !important;}.has-young-passion-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--young-passion) !important;}.has-true-sunset-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--true-sunset) !important;}.has-morpheus-den-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--morpheus-den) !important;}.has-plum-plate-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--plum-plate) !important;}.has-aqua-splash-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--aqua-splash) !important;}.has-love-kiss-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--love-kiss) !important;}.has-new-retrowave-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--new-retrowave) !important;}.has-plum-bath-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--plum-bath) !important;}.has-high-flight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--high-flight) !important;}.has-teen-party-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--teen-party) !important;}.has-fabled-sunset-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--fabled-sunset) !important;}.has-arielle-smile-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--arielle-smile) !important;}.has-itmeo-branding-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--itmeo-branding) !important;}.has-deep-blue-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--deep-blue) !important;}.has-strong-bliss-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--strong-bliss) !important;}.has-sweet-period-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--sweet-period) !important;}.has-purple-division-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--purple-division) !important;}.has-cold-evening-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cold-evening) !important;}.has-mountain-rock-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mountain-rock) !important;}.has-desert-hump-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--desert-hump) !important;}.has-ethernal-constance-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--ethernal-constance) !important;}.has-happy-memories-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--happy-memories) !important;}.has-grown-early-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--grown-early) !important;}.has-morning-salad-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--morning-salad) !important;}.has-night-call-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--night-call) !important;}.has-mind-crawl-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mind-crawl) !important;}.has-angel-care-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--angel-care) !important;}.has-juicy-cake-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--juicy-cake) !important;}.has-rich-metal-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--rich-metal) !important;}.has-mole-hall-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--mole-hall) !important;}.has-cloudy-knoxville-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cloudy-knoxville) !important;}.has-soft-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--soft-grass) !important;}.has-saint-petersburg-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--saint-petersburg) !important;}.has-everlasting-sky-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--everlasting-sky) !important;}.has-kind-steel-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--kind-steel) !important;}.has-over-sun-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--over-sun) !important;}.has-premium-white-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--premium-white) !important;}.has-clean-mirror-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--clean-mirror) !important;}.has-wild-apple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--wild-apple) !important;}.has-snow-again-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--snow-again) !important;}.has-confident-cloud-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--confident-cloud) !important;}.has-glass-water-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--glass-water) !important;}.has-perfect-white-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--perfect-white) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: clamp(0.984em, 0.984rem + ((1vw - 0.2em) * 0.645), 1.5em);line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ctf_styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds/css/ctf-styles.min.css?ver=2.2.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-floater-language-switcher-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-floater-language-switcher.css?ver=2.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-language-switcher-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-language-switcher.css?ver=2.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/assets/css/header-footer-elementor.css?ver=1.6.37' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite-rtl.min.css?ver=3.23.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=8.4.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-8-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-8.css?ver=1723480431' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='she-header-style-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/sticky-header-effects-for-elementor/assets/css/she-header-style.css?ver=1.6.11' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-18-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-18.css?ver=1724226701' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-9-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-9.css?ver=1723480431' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-163-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-163.css?ver=1723480431' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-ekiticons-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-main-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-page-title-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/page-title.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-main-rtl-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main-rtl.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct-elementor-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/elementor-frontend.min.css?ver=2.0.55' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-widget-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-responsive-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementskit-rtl-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/rtl.css?ver=3.2.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Almarai%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=swap&ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/sticky-header-effects-for-elementor/assets/js/she-header.js?ver=1.6.11" id="she-header-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/18" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgeoscience.org.sa%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgeoscience.org.sa%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/"/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/no-scripts.min.css' type='text/css'></noscript> <style id="ct-main-styles-inline-css">[data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="logo"] .site-title {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:25px;--theme-line-height:1.5;--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"] > ul > li > a {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-text-color);} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"][data-menu*="type-3"] > ul > li > a {--theme-link-hover-color:#ffffff;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"] .sub-menu .ct-menu-link {--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-font-weight:500;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-id="menu"] .sub-menu {--dropdown-divider:1px dashed rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);--theme-box-shadow:0px 10px 20px rgba(41, 51, 61, 0.1);--theme-border-radius:0px 0px 2px 2px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] {--height:120px;background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);background-image:none;--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;--theme-box-shadow:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] > div {--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="mobile-menu"] {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-link-initial-color:#ffffff;--mobile-menu-divider:none;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--theme-box-shadow:0px 0px 70px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);--side-panel-width:500px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas .ct-panel-inner {background-color:rgba(18, 21, 25, 0.98);} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="search"] .ct-label {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #search-modal .ct-search-results {--theme-font-weight:500;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:14px;--theme-line-height:1.4;} [data-header*="type-1"] #search-modal .ct-search-form {--theme-link-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-form-text-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-form-text-focus-color:#ffffff;--theme-form-field-border-initial-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);--theme-button-text-initial-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);--theme-button-text-hover-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-background-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-button-background-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);} [data-header*="type-1"] #search-modal {background-color:rgba(18, 21, 25, 0.98);} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"] {--theme-icon-size:18px;--toggle-button-radius:3px;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"]:not([data-design="simple"]) {--toggle-button-padding:10px;} [data-header*="type-1"] [data-id="trigger"] .ct-label {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-header*="type-1"] {--header-height:120px;} [data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header {background-image:none;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] > div {--container-spacing:25px;--theme-border:none;--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;--grid-template-columns:initial;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] .widget-title {--theme-font-size:16px;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] {--theme-border-top:none;--theme-border-bottom:none;background-color:transparent;} [data-footer*="type-1"] [data-id="copyright"] {--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:15px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-footer*="type-1"][data-footer*="reveal"] .site-main {--footer-box-shadow:0px 30px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);} [data-footer*="type-1"] footer.ct-container {--footer-container-bottom-offset:50px;--footer-container-padding:0px 35px;}:root {--theme-font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:none;--theme-text-decoration:none;--theme-font-size:16px;--theme-line-height:1.65;--theme-letter-spacing:0em;--theme-button-font-weight:500;--theme-button-font-style:normal;--theme-button-font-size:15px;--has-classic-forms:var(--true);--has-modern-forms:var(--false);--theme-form-field-border-initial-color:var(--theme-border-color);--theme-form-field-border-focus-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-form-selection-field-initial-color:var(--theme-border-color);--theme-form-selection-field-active-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_1:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_2:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_3:var(--theme-palette-color-3);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_4:var(--theme-palette-color-4);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_5:var(--theme-palette-color-5);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_6:var(--theme-palette-color-6);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_7:var(--theme-palette-color-7);--e-global-color-blocksy_palette_8:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-palette-color-1:#2872fa;--theme-palette-color-2:#1559ed;--theme-palette-color-3:#3A4F66;--theme-palette-color-4:#192a3d;--theme-palette-color-5:#e1e8ed;--theme-palette-color-6:#f2f5f7;--theme-palette-color-7:#FAFBFC;--theme-palette-color-8:#ffffff;--theme-text-color:var(--theme-palette-color-3);--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-link-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--theme-selection-text-color:#ffffff;--theme-selection-background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-border-color:var(--theme-palette-color-5);--theme-headings-color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);--theme-content-spacing:1.5em;--theme-button-min-height:40px;--theme-button-shadow:none;--theme-button-transform:none;--theme-button-text-initial-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-text-hover-color:#ffffff;--theme-button-background-initial-color:var(--theme-palette-color-1);--theme-button-background-hover-color:var(--theme-palette-color-2);--theme-button-border:none;--theme-button-border-radius:3px;--theme-button-padding:5px 20px;--theme-normal-container-max-width:1290px;--theme-content-vertical-spacing:60px;--theme-container-edge-spacing:90vw;--theme-narrow-container-max-width:750px;--theme-wide-offset:130px;}h1 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:40px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h2 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:35px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h3 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:30px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h4 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:25px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h5 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}h6 {--theme-font-weight:700;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:16px;--theme-line-height:1.5;}.wp-block-pullquote {--theme-font-family:Georgia;--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:25px;}code, kbd, samp, pre {--theme-font-family:monospace;--theme-font-weight:400;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-font-size:16px;}figcaption {--theme-font-size:14px;}.ct-sidebar .widget-title {--theme-font-size:20px;}.ct-breadcrumbs {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;}body {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-7);background-image:none;} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .hero-section[data-type="type-2"] {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);background-image:none;--container-padding:50px 0px;} [data-prefix="single_page"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="single_page"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="templately_library_single"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_single"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_single"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_single"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="blog"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="blog"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="blog"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="categories"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="categories"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="categories"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="author"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="author"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="author"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="search"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="search"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="search"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:20px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-font-style:normal;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-8);--theme-box-shadow:0px 12px 18px -6px rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04);} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_1"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .ct-media-container {--card-element-spacing:30px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] [data-archive="default"] .card-content .entry-meta[data-id="meta_2"] {--card-element-spacing:15px;}form textarea {--theme-form-field-height:170px;}.ct-sidebar {--theme-link-initial-color:var(--theme-text-color);} [data-prefix="templately_library_single"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_single"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="single_blog_post"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);} [data-prefix="single_page"] [class*="ct-container"] > article[class*="post"] {--has-boxed:var(--false);--has-wide:var(--true);}@media (max-width: 999.98px) {[data-header*="type-1"] .ct-header [data-row*="middle"] {--height:70px;} [data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--side-panel-width:65vw;} [data-header*="type-1"] {--header-height:70px;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] > div {--grid-template-columns:initial;} [data-footer*="type-1"] footer.ct-container {--footer-container-padding:0vw 4vw;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media (max-width: 689.98px) {[data-header*="type-1"] #offcanvas {--side-panel-width:90vw;} [data-footer*="type-1"] .ct-footer [data-row*="bottom"] > div {--container-spacing:15px;--grid-template-columns:initial;} [data-footer*="type-1"] footer.ct-container {--footer-container-padding:0vw 5vw;} [data-prefix="blog"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="blog"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="categories"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="categories"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="author"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="author"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="search"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="search"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="templately_library_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entries {--grid-template-columns:repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));} [data-prefix="elementor-hf_archive"] .entry-card .entry-title {--theme-font-size:18px;}:root {--theme-content-vertical-spacing:50px;--theme-container-edge-spacing:88vw;}}</style> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.23.4; features: e_optimized_css_loading, e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading, e_lazyload; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <link rel="icon" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cropped-logo-1-270x270.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> #sciennamesection .eael-infobox-content-align-right.eael-infobox-icon-bg-shape-none .infobox-icon-wrap{ justify-content:right; } .elementor-18 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6c16b4f .item{ min-height:220px; max-height:400px; } .ff-default .ff-el-input--label label, form.fluent_form_1 .ff-btn-submit:not(.ff_btn_no_style){ font-family:'Almarai'; } .ff-btn-submit{ background-color:var( --e-global-color-b30f84d ) !important; } #twitter_feeds{ max-height:400px; overflow:scroll; } </style> </head> <body class="rtl home page-template page-template-elementor_header_footer page page-id-18 wp-embed-responsive translatepress-ar ehf-header ehf-footer ehf-template-blocksy ehf-stylesheet-blocksy elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-8 elementor-page elementor-page-18" data-link="type-2" data-prefix="single_page" data-footer="type-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"> <a class="skip-link show-on-focus" href="#main"> 丕賱鬲噩丕賵夭廿賱賶丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶</a> <div id="main-container"> <header id="masthead" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader"> <p class="main-title bhf-hidden" itemprop="headline"><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa" title="丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟" rel="home">丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟</a></p> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9" class="elementor elementor-9"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-72ac8e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="72ac8e0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-473622b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="473622b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d05ba3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="d05ba3e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=".svg"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}</style> <a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/"> <img fetchpriority="high" width="600" height="591" src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-428" alt="" srcset="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1.png 600w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1-300x296.png 300w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1-457x450.png 457w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/logo-21-1-1-100x100.png 100w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-af53ea6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="af53ea6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd6424e elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-mobile-3 e-grid-align-mobile-center elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="fd6424e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-mobile-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-tablet-0 .elementor-widget-container{line-height:1;font-size:0}.elementor-widget-social-icons:not(.elementor-grid-0):not(.elementor-grid-tablet-0):not(.elementor-grid-mobile-0) .elementor-grid{display:inline-grid}.elementor-widget-social-icons .elementor-grid{grid-column-gap:var(--grid-column-gap,5px);grid-row-gap:var(--grid-row-gap,5px);grid-template-columns:var(--grid-template-columns);justify-content:var(--justify-content,center);justify-items:var(--justify-content,center)}.elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{font-size:var(--icon-size,25px);line-height:var(--icon-size,25px);width:calc(var(--icon-size, 25px) + 2 * var(--icon-padding, .5em));height:calc(var(--icon-size, 25px) + 2 * var(--icon-padding, .5em))}.elementor-social-icon{--e-social-icon-icon-color:#fff;display:inline-flex;background-color:#69727d;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;cursor:pointer}.elementor-social-icon i{color:var(--e-social-icon-icon-color)}.elementor-social-icon svg{fill:var(--e-social-icon-icon-color)}.elementor-social-icon:last-child{margin:0}.elementor-social-icon:hover{opacity:.9;color:#fff}.elementor-social-icon-android{background-color:#a4c639}.elementor-social-icon-apple{background-color:#999}.elementor-social-icon-behance{background-color:#1769ff}.elementor-social-icon-bitbucket{background-color:#205081}.elementor-social-icon-codepen{background-color:#000}.elementor-social-icon-delicious{background-color:#39f}.elementor-social-icon-deviantart{background-color:#05cc47}.elementor-social-icon-digg{background-color:#005be2}.elementor-social-icon-dribbble{background-color:#ea4c89}.elementor-social-icon-elementor{background-color:#d30c5c}.elementor-social-icon-envelope{background-color:#ea4335}.elementor-social-icon-facebook,.elementor-social-icon-facebook-f{background-color:#3b5998}.elementor-social-icon-flickr{background-color:#0063dc}.elementor-social-icon-foursquare{background-color:#2d5be3}.elementor-social-icon-free-code-camp,.elementor-social-icon-freecodecamp{background-color:#006400}.elementor-social-icon-github{background-color:#333}.elementor-social-icon-gitlab{background-color:#e24329}.elementor-social-icon-globe{background-color:#69727d}.elementor-social-icon-google-plus,.elementor-social-icon-google-plus-g{background-color:#dd4b39}.elementor-social-icon-houzz{background-color:#7ac142}.elementor-social-icon-instagram{background-color:#262626}.elementor-social-icon-jsfiddle{background-color:#487aa2}.elementor-social-icon-link{background-color:#818a91}.elementor-social-icon-linkedin,.elementor-social-icon-linkedin-in{background-color:#0077b5}.elementor-social-icon-medium{background-color:#00ab6b}.elementor-social-icon-meetup{background-color:#ec1c40}.elementor-social-icon-mixcloud{background-color:#273a4b}.elementor-social-icon-odnoklassniki{background-color:#f4731c}.elementor-social-icon-pinterest{background-color:#bd081c}.elementor-social-icon-product-hunt{background-color:#da552f}.elementor-social-icon-reddit{background-color:#ff4500}.elementor-social-icon-rss{background-color:#f26522}.elementor-social-icon-shopping-cart{background-color:#4caf50}.elementor-social-icon-skype{background-color:#00aff0}.elementor-social-icon-slideshare{background-color:#0077b5}.elementor-social-icon-snapchat{background-color:#fffc00}.elementor-social-icon-soundcloud{background-color:#f80}.elementor-social-icon-spotify{background-color:#2ebd59}.elementor-social-icon-stack-overflow{background-color:#fe7a15}.elementor-social-icon-steam{background-color:#00adee}.elementor-social-icon-stumbleupon{background-color:#eb4924}.elementor-social-icon-telegram{background-color:#2ca5e0}.elementor-social-icon-threads{background-color:#000}.elementor-social-icon-thumb-tack{background-color:#1aa1d8}.elementor-social-icon-tripadvisor{background-color:#589442}.elementor-social-icon-tumblr{background-color:#35465c}.elementor-social-icon-twitch{background-color:#6441a5}.elementor-social-icon-twitter{background-color:#1da1f2}.elementor-social-icon-viber{background-color:#665cac}.elementor-social-icon-vimeo{background-color:#1ab7ea}.elementor-social-icon-vk{background-color:#45668e}.elementor-social-icon-weibo{background-color:#dd2430}.elementor-social-icon-weixin{background-color:#31a918}.elementor-social-icon-whatsapp{background-color:#25d366}.elementor-social-icon-wordpress{background-color:#21759b}.elementor-social-icon-x-twitter{background-color:#000}.elementor-social-icon-xing{background-color:#026466}.elementor-social-icon-yelp{background-color:#af0606}.elementor-social-icon-youtube{background-color:#cd201f}.elementor-social-icon-500px{background-color:#0099e5}.elementor-shape-rounded .elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{border-radius:10%}.elementor-shape-circle .elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{border-radius:50%}</style> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-repeater-item-7865d30" href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">X-twitter</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-x-twitter" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-301fbf2" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsmv7FCvBgmFlQcCtMSR5xA" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube" viewBox="0 0 576 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-envelope elementor-repeater-item-07c55f2" href="mailto:ssg@ksu.edu.sa" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Envelope</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-647895e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="647895e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-589e564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="589e564" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://ksu.edu.sa/"> <img width="269" height="104" src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ksu_logo_out.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-396" alt="" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-796d9a0 she-header-yes e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="796d9a0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","transparent":"yes","scroll_distance":{"unit":"px","size":100,"sizes":[]},"background_show":"yes","bottom_border":"yes","custom_bottom_border_color":"#EDEDED","custom_bottom_border_width":{"unit":"px","size":1,"sizes":[]},"shrink_header_logo":"yes","custom_height_header_logo":{"unit":"px","size":60,"sizes":[]},"transparent_on":["desktop","tablet","mobile"],"scroll_distance_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"scroll_distance_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_bottom_border_width_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_bottom_border_width_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_height_header_logo_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_height_header_logo_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-55b3c33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="55b3c33" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4178e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ekit-nav-menu" data-id="4178e04" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="ekit-nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ekit-wid-con ekit_menu_responsive_tablet" data-hamburger-icon="" data-hamburger-icon-type="icon" data-responsive-breakpoint="1024"> <button class="elementskit-menu-hamburger elementskit-menu-toggler" type="button" aria-label="hamburger-icon"> <span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span><span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span><span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span> </button> <div id="ekit-megamenu-main-menu" class="elementskit-menu-container elementskit-menu-offcanvas-elements elementskit-navbar-nav-default ekit-nav-menu-one-page-no ekit-nav-dropdown-hover"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="elementskit-navbar-nav elementskit-menu-po-left submenu-click-on-icon"><li id="menu-item-20" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-18 current_page_item menu-item-20 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content active" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link active">丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</a></li> <li id="menu-item-50" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-50 nav-item elementskit-dropdown-has relative_position elementskit-dropdown-menu-default_width elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="#" class="ekit-menu-nav-link ekit-menu-dropdown-toggle">毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-plus elementskit-submenu-indicator"></i></a> <ul class="elementskit-dropdown elementskit-submenu-panel"> <li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/about/" class=" dropdown-item">賳亘匕丞毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</a> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/system/" class=" dropdown-item">賳馗丕賲丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</a></ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/directors/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">賲噩賱爻丕賱廿丿丕乇丞</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/books/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">丕賱賰鬲亘</a></li> <li id="menu-item-51" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-51 nav-item elementskit-dropdown-has relative_position elementskit-dropdown-menu-default_width elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="#" class="ekit-menu-nav-link ekit-menu-dropdown-toggle">丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丕鬲<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-plus elementskit-submenu-indicator"></i></a> <ul class="elementskit-dropdown elementskit-submenu-panel"> <li id="menu-item-43" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-43 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丕鬲丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲賷丞</a> <li id="menu-item-48" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丕鬲丕賱鬲禺氐氐賷丞</a></ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-451 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">丕氐丿丕乇丕鬲</a></li> <li id="menu-item-444" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-444 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/賱丕賷贁丨丞-丕賱噩賲毓賷丕鬲-丕賱毓賱賲賷丞-1-1.pdf" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">丕賱賯賵丕毓丿丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賱賱噩賲毓賷丕鬲丕賱毓賱賲賷丞</a></li> <li id="menu-item-557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-557 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">丕賮賱丕賲賵孬丕卅賯賷丞</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1031" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1031 nav-item elementskit-dropdown-has relative_position elementskit-dropdown-menu-default_width elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="#" class="ekit-menu-nav-link ekit-menu-dropdown-toggle">氐賵乇<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-plus elementskit-submenu-indicator"></i></a> <ul class="elementskit-dropdown elementskit-submenu-panel"> <li id="menu-item-892" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-892 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/ssg-13/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕賱丿賵賱賷丕賱孬丕賱孬毓卮乇</a> <li id="menu-item-916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-916 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/ssg12/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕賱丿賵賱賷丕賱孬丕賳賷毓卮乇</a> <li id="menu-item-928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-928 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/ssg11/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕賱丿賵賱賷丕賱丨丕丿賷毓卮乇</a> <li id="menu-item-971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-971 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/ssg8/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕賱丿賵賱賷丕賱孬丕賲賳</a> <li id="menu-item-995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-995 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/ssg7/" class=" dropdown-item">丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕賱丿賵賱賷丕賱爻丕亘毓</a></ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-38" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/contact-us/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">丕鬲氐賱亘賳丕</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1109 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/magazins/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">賲噩賱丞丕乇囟</a></li> </ul><div class="elementskit-nav-identity-panel"> <div class="elementskit-site-title"> <a class="elementskit-nav-logo" href="http://geoscience.org.sa" target="_self" rel=""> <img src="" title="" alt="" /> </a> </div><button class="elementskit-menu-close elementskit-menu-toggler" type="button">X</button></div></div> <div class="elementskit-menu-overlay elementskit-menu-offcanvas-elements elementskit-menu-toggler ekit-nav-menu--overlay"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b205db9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="b205db9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a77c6d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="a77c6d7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="http://aicss.org/MemberLoginAR.asp"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">丕賱丿禺賵賱賱賱毓囟賵賷丞</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f15813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="2f15813" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://geoscience.org.sa/register-to-ssg/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">丕賳囟賲賱毓囟賵賷丞丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main" class="site-main hfeed"> <div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="18" class="elementor elementor-18"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-322e62a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="322e62a" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"video","background_video_link":"https:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/video.mp4","background_play_on_mobile":"yes"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-background-video-container"> <video class="elementor-background-video-hosted elementor-html5-video" autoplay muted playsinline loop></video> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-74eb1d3 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="74eb1d3" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInRight"}" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}</style><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞 </br> 賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟 </h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-95cfdf7 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="95cfdf7" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInRight"}" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 */ .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:right;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}</style> <p>聽鬲賳賲賷丞賵鬲胤賵賷乇丕賱兀丿丕亍丕賱毓賱賲賷賵丕賱賲賴賳賷賵鬲匕賱賷賱丕賱氐毓賵亘丕鬲賱鬲賷爻賷乇鬲亘丕丿賱丕賱兀賮賰丕乇丕賱毓賱賲賷丞賵丕賱毓賲賱賷丞賮賷賲噩丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕鬲丕賱噩賲毓賷丞亘賷賳丕賱賴賷卅丕鬲賵丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲丕賱賲毓賳賷丞丿丕禺賱丕賱賲賲賱賰丞賵禺丕乇噩賴丕.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-028412c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="028412c" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2652bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2652bfc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-30289be elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="30289be" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInUp"}" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>賮賷亘丿丕賷丞丕賱鬲爻毓賷賳丕鬲丕賱賴噩乇賷丞鬲亘賳賶賯爻賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕亘賰賱賷丞丕賱毓賱賵賲賮賷噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿賮賰乇丞丕賳卮丕亍噩賲毓賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟鬲囟賲噩賲賷毓丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳賮賷噩丕賲毓丕鬲丕賱賲賲賱賰丞賵賰賱賲賳賱賴毓賱丕賯丞亘毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟賮賷丕賱噩賴丕鬲丕賱丨賰賵賲賷丞賵丕賱賯胤丕毓丕賱禺丕氐. 亘毓丿匕賱賰氐丿乇鬲賲賵丕賮賯丞丕賱賲噩賱爻丕賱毓賱賲賷亘噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿亘鬲丕乇賷禺 12 /08 /1401賴賭毓賱賶廿賳卮丕亍丕賱噩賲毓賷丞鬲丨鬲賲爻賲賶 (丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟) 賮賷噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿亘丕賱乇賷丕囟.鬲毓鬲亘乇丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟噩賲毓賷丞毓賱賲賷丞賲爻鬲賯賱丞廿丿丕乇賷丕賸賵賲丕賱賷丕賸賮賷兀毓賲丕賱賴丕毓賳噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿貙賵賲賯乇賴丕賯爻賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕亘賰賱賷丞丕賱毓賱賵賲賮賷噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿亘賲丿賷賳丞丕賱乇賷丕囟貙賵賷賲賰賳兀賳鬲賳卮卅賱賴丕賮乇賵毓丕賸賮賷兀賲丕賰賳兀禺乇賶廿匕丕丕賯鬲囟鬲丕賱囟乇賵乇丞亘匕賱賰.</strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f6e6f65 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f6e6f65" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"fadeInUp"}" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>鬲乇兀爻丕賱噩賲毓賷丞賲賳匕丕賳卮丕卅賴丕賰賱賲賳爻毓丕丿丞丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇賮丕賷夭亘賳卮毓亘丕賳毓賳丕賳賵爻毓丕丿丞丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇毓亘丿丕賱賲賱賰亘賳毓亘丿丕賱賱賴丕賱禺賷丕賱賵爻毓丕丿丞丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇禺丕賱丿亘賳丕亘乇丕賴賷賲丕賱鬲乇賰賷賵賷乇兀爻賴丕丨丕賱賷丕爻毓丕丿丞丕賱兀爻鬲丕匕丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇毓亘丿丕賱賱賴亘賳賲丨賲丿爻毓賷丿丕賱毓賲乇賷聽.</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c3fbc53 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="c3fbc53" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-870d68c e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="870d68c" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","animation":"fadeInUp"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-00f9d86 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="00f9d86" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bullseye" viewBox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M248 8C111.03 8 0 119.03 0 256s111.03 248 248 248 248-111.03 248-248S384.97 8 248 8zm0 432c-101.69 0-184-82.29-184-184 0-101.69 82.29-184 184-184 101.69 0 184 82.29 184 184 0 101.69-82.29 184-184 184zm0-312c-70.69 0-128 57.31-128 128s57.31 128 128 128 128-57.31 128-128-57.31-128-128-128zm0 192c-35.29 0-64-28.71-64-64s28.71-64 64-64 64 28.71 64 64-28.71 64-64 64z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bbb082e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="bbb082e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">丕賱乇丐賷丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b51df31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b51df31" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>丕賱鬲賲賷夭丕賱毓賱賲賷賵丕賱賲賴賳賷賮賷賲禺鬲賱賮賲噩丕賱丕鬲毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟.</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-02828ed e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="02828ed" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","animation":"fadeInUp"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-871536b elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="871536b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-hangouts"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4307e18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4307e18" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">丕賱乇爻丕賱丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a4924ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a4924ec" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>聽鬲賳賲賷丞賵鬲胤賵賷乇丕賱兀丿丕亍丕賱毓賱賲賷賵丕賱賲賴賳賷賵鬲匕賱賷賱丕賱氐毓賵亘丕鬲賱鬲賷爻賷乇鬲亘丕丿賱丕賱兀賮賰丕乇丕賱毓賱賲賷丞賵丕賱毓賲賱賷丞賮賷賲噩丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕鬲丕賱噩賲毓賷丞亘賷賳丕賱賴賷卅丕鬲賵丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲丕賱賲毓賳賷丞丿丕禺賱丕賱賲賲賱賰丞賵禺丕乇噩賴丕.</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dd644eb e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="dd644eb" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","animation":"fadeInUp"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-70de31f elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="70de31f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chart-line" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M496 384H64V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-32c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zM464 96H345.94c-21.38 0-32.09 25.85-16.97 40.97l32.4 32.4L288 242.75l-73.37-73.37c-12.5-12.5-32.76-12.5-45.25 0l-68.69 68.69c-6.25 6.25-6.25 16.38 0 22.63l22.62 22.62c6.25 6.25 16.38 6.25 22.63 0L192 237.25l73.37 73.37c12.5 12.5 32.76 12.5 45.25 0l96-96 32.4 32.4c15.12 15.12 40.97 4.41 40.97-16.97V112c.01-8.84-7.15-16-15.99-16z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e258269 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e258269" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">兀賴丿丕賮丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-592bd19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="592bd19" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>– 鬲賳賲賷丞丕賱賮賰乇丕賱毓賱賲賷賮賷賲噩丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟賵鬲胤賵賷乇賴.</strong></p><p><strong>– 鬲丨賯賷賯丕賱鬲賵丕氐賱丕賱毓賱賲賷賱兀毓囟丕亍丕賱噩賲毓賷丞.</strong></p><p><strong>– 鬲賯丿賷賲丕賱賲卮賵乇丞丕賱毓賱賲賷丞賮賷賲噩丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟.</strong></p><p><strong>– 鬲胤賵賷乇丕賱兀丿丕亍丕賱毓賱賲賷賵丕賱賲賴賳賷賱兀毓囟丕亍丕賱噩賲毓賷丞…… <a style="color: #aa722d;" href="system">賲卮丕賴丿丞丕賱賲夭賷丿聽 </a> </strong></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5639fe2 e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="5639fe2" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","animation":"fadeInUp"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2fc478c elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="2fc478c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-globe" viewBox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M336.5 160C322 70.7 287.8 8 248 8s-74 62.7-88.5 152h177zM152 256c0 22.2 1.2 43.5 3.3 64h185.3c2.1-20.5 3.3-41.8 3.3-64s-1.2-43.5-3.3-64H155.3c-2.1 20.5-3.3 41.8-3.3 64zm324.7-96c-28.6-67.9-86.5-120.4-158-141.6 24.4 33.8 41.2 84.7 50 141.6h108zM177.2 18.4C105.8 39.6 47.8 92.1 19.3 160h108c8.7-56.9 25.5-107.8 49.9-141.6zM487.4 192H372.7c2.1 21 3.3 42.5 3.3 64s-1.2 43-3.3 64h114.6c5.5-20.5 8.6-41.8 8.6-64s-3.1-43.5-8.5-64zM120 256c0-21.5 1.2-43 3.3-64H8.6C3.2 212.5 0 233.8 0 256s3.2 43.5 8.6 64h114.6c-2-21-3.2-42.5-3.2-64zm39.5 96c14.5 89.3 48.7 152 88.5 152s74-62.7 88.5-152h-177zm159.3 141.6c71.4-21.2 129.4-73.7 158-141.6h-108c-8.8 56.9-25.6 107.8-50 141.6zM19.3 352c28.6 67.9 86.5 120.4 158 141.6-24.4-33.8-41.2-84.7-50-141.6h-108z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a96df5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a96df5a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">賳卮丕胤丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f2f07d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6f2f07d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>– 鬲卮噩賷毓廿噩乇丕亍丕賱亘丨賵孬賵丕賱丕爻鬲卮丕乇丕鬲丕賱毓賱賲賷丞. </strong></p><p><strong>– 鬲兀賱賷賮賵鬲乇噩賲丞丕賱賰鬲亘丕賱毓賱賲賷丞賮賷賲噩丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟賵賲丕賷鬲氐賱亘賴賲賳賲噩丕賱丕鬲兀禺乇賶.</strong></p><p><strong>– 廿噩乇丕亍丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱毓賱賲賷丞賱鬲胤賵賷乇噩賵丕賳亘丕賱賲賲丕乇爻丞丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞…. <a style="color: #aa722d;" href="system">賲卮丕賴丿丞丕賱賲夭賷丿聽 </a> </strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f56f6c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="6f56f6c" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","shape_divider_top":"mountains"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-shape elementor-shape-top" data-negative="false"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <path class="elementor-shape-fill" opacity="0.33" d="M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z"/> <path class="elementor-shape-fill" opacity="0.66" d="M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z"/> <path class="elementor-shape-fill" d="M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z"/> </svg> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-694bbd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="694bbd3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">禺丿賲丕鬲賳丕</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6c16b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-owl-carousel-elementor" data-id="6c16b4f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="owl-carousel-elementor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class='js-owce-carousel-container owce-carousel-container owce-carousel-no-nav-tablet owce-carousel-6c16b4f'><div id="owce-carousel-6c16b4f" class="owl-carousel owl-theme js-owce-carousel owce-carousel owce-carousel-testimonial owce-carousel-testimonial-one" data-options="{"field_prefix":"carousel_","layout":"testimonial","rtl":"yes","items_count":4,"items_count_tablet":null,"items_count_mobile":null,"items_slideby":1,"items_slideby_tablet":null,"items_slideby_mobile":null,"margin":13,"margin_tablet":12,"margin_mobile":10,"nav":"yes","nav_tablet":null,"nav_mobile":"yes","dots":"","dots_tablet":null,"dots_mobile":null,"autoplay":"yes","autoplay_timeout":5000,"autoplay_hover_pause":false,"animate_in":"","animate_out":"","rewind":"","loop":"yes","loop_tablet":null,"loop_mobile":"yes","smart_speed":500,"lazyLoad":"yes","auto_height":"","mouse_drag":"yes","touch_drag":"yes"}"> <div class="item carousel-item-4e17100 elementor-animation-float"> <p class=owl-content data-setting=item_content >鬲賳賮賷匕丕賱亘丨賵孬賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賵丕賱賲卮丕乇賷毓賮賷賲噩丕賱丕鬲毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟賵丕賱毓賱賵賲匕丕鬲丕賱毓賱丕賯賴</p> </div> <div class="item carousel-item-29f9080 elementor-animation-float"> <p class=owl-content data-setting=item_content >鬲賯丿賷賲丕賱丕爻鬲卮丕乇丕鬲丕賱賮賳賷丞賵丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷丞賮賷賲噩丕賱丕鬲毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟賵丕賱毓賱賵賲匕丕鬲丕賱毓賱丕賯賴亘丕賱鬲毓丕賵賳賲毓賳禺亘丞賲賳丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷賷賳 </p> </div> <div class="item carousel-item-5a4a5b3 elementor-animation-float"> <p class=owl-content data-setting=item_content >賲乇丕噩毓丞賵丕毓鬲賲丕丿丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱賮賳賷丞賱賱卮乇賰丕鬲賵丕賱噩賴丕鬲 </p> </div> <div class="item carousel-item-a4f8fbd elementor-animation-float"> <p class=owl-content data-setting=item_content >丕賱賳卮乇丕賱毓賱賲賷賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲賵丕賱兀亘丨丕孬丕賱毓賱賲賷丞丕賱賲賰鬲賲賱丞賱卮乇賵胤丕賱賳卮乇丕賱毓賱賲賷賮賷丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇亘賷丞賱賱毓賱賵賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 </p> </div> <div class="item carousel-item-a0dc705 elementor-animation-float"> <p class=owl-content data-setting=item_content >鬲賳賮賷匕亘乇丕賲噩鬲丿乇賷亘賷丞賮賷賲噩丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟賵丕賱亘賷卅丞賵賵乇卮毓賲賱賵毓賯丿賲丨丕囟乇丕鬲毓賱賲賷丞賱賱噩賴丕鬲. </p> </div> <div class="item carousel-item-633ef69 elementor-animation-float"> <p class=owl-content data-setting=item_content >丕賱賯賷丕賲亘乇丨賱丕鬲噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丞賲賷丿丕賳賷丞鬲卮賲賱丕賱鬲毓乇賮毓賱賶丕賱孬乇賵丕鬲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丞丨爻亘丕賱兀賴丿丕賮丕賱賲賵囟賵毓丞賱賱乇丨賱丞貙賵亘丕賱鬲毓丕賵賳賲毓丕賱噩賴丕鬲丕賱鬲賷鬲丨丿丿賴丕丕賱噩賲毓賷丞</p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7f7694c elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="7f7694c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://geoscience.org.sa/order-services/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">丕胤賱亘丕賱禺丿賲丞 </span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-25749dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="25749dd" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7d52f61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7d52f61" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">丕禺亘丕乇 X</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ad7ca99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="ad7ca99" data-element_type="container" id="twitter_feeds"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4cbb9a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-sidebar" data-id="4cbb9a3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="sidebar.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ct-widget widget_block" id="block-7"> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"><p lang="ar" dir="rtl">賷鬲賯丿賲丕毓囟丕亍賲噩賱爻丕賱廿丿丕乇丞賵賰丕賮丞丕賱丕毓囟丕亍賵丕賱賲賳爻賵亘賷賳亘丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟亘賵丕噩亘丕賱毓夭丕亍賵丕賱賲賵丕爻丕丞<br><br>賱毓囟賵賲噩賱爻廿丿丕乇丞丕賱噩賲毓賷丞賵丕賱乇卅賷爻丕賱鬲賳賮賷匕賷賱賴賷卅丞丕賱賲爻丕丨丞丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 <br>賲.毓亘丿丕賱賱賴亘賳賲賮胤乇丕賱卮賲乇丕賳賷<br><br>賮賷賵賮丕丞兀禺賷賴<br>爻丕卅賱賷賳丕賱賲賵賱賶毓夭賵噩賱兀賳賷鬲睾賲丿丕賱賮賯賷丿亘賵丕爻毓乇丨賲鬲賴賵賷爻賰賳賴賮爻賷丨噩賳丕鬲賴. <a href="https://t.co/ZOIeYuoI1z" target="_blank">pic.twitter.com/ZOIeYuoI1z</a></p>— 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟 SSG (@SS_Geosciences) <a href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences/status/1807370523384439062?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">June 30, 2024</a></blockquote><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div></figure> </div><div class="ct-widget widget_block" id="block-8"> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"><p lang="ar" dir="rtl">賰乇賲賲毓丕賱賷賳丕卅亘賵夭賷乇丕賱亘賷卅丞賵丕賱賲賷丕賴賵丕賱夭乇丕毓丞丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟貙賱鬲賲賷賾夭賮毓丕賱賷丕鬲丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞賮賷 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">#兀爻亘賵毓_丕賱亘賷卅丞</a> 2024貙賵匕賱賰囟賲賳丨賮賱兀賯丕賲鬲賴丕賱賵夭丕乇賴丕賱賷賵賲丕賱丕孬賳賷賳賱鬲賰乇賷賲卮乇賰丕亍丕賱賳噩丕丨賱噩賴賵丿賴賲丕賱賲鬲賵丕氐賱丞賮賷爻亘賷賱丕賱亘賷卅丞. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">#丕賱賷賵賲_丕賱毓丕賱賲賷_賱賱鬲賳賵毓_丕賱兀丨賷丕卅賷</a>. <a href="https://t.co/RulDVAWSiF" target="_blank">https://t.co/RulDVAWSiF</a> <a href="https://t.co/5Xw9HsCkeH" target="_blank">pic.twitter.com/5Xw9HsCkeH</a></p>— 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟 SSG (@SS_Geosciences) <a href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences/status/1795177466488570341?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">May 27, 2024</a></blockquote><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div></figure> </div><div class="ct-widget widget_block" id="block-9"> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"><p lang="ar" dir="rtl">賲卮丕乇賰丞丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇賴賳丕丿賷賴丕賱毓亘丿丕賱賱賴賮賷丕賱亘乇賳丕賲噩丕賱廿孬乇丕卅賷賱賱噩賲毓賷丞囟賲賳丕賱賮毓丕賱賷丞丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓賷丞賱賭 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">#丕爻亘賵毓_丕賱亘賷卅丞</a> <a href="https://t.co/NYJkjH598P" target="_blank">pic.twitter.com/NYJkjH598P</a></p>— 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱兀乇囟 SSG (@SS_Geosciences) <a href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences/status/1786467998473077091?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">May 3, 2024</a></blockquote><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div></figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-86e225b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="86e225b" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-02f72b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="02f72b3" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-43a07f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="43a07f6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img decoding="async" width="316" height="419" src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-830" alt="" srcset="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal.png 316w, http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/journal-226x300.png 226w" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4fa65d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4fa65d9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8f2b02e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8f2b02e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"> 丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇亘賷丞賱賱毓賱賵賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0c935c6 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="0c935c6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://link.springer.com/journal/12517" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">丕丨丿孬丕賱賲賯丕賱丕鬲丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 </span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" id="colophon" role="contentinfo"> <div class='footer-width-fixer'> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="163" class="elementor elementor-163"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4adf2a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="4adf2a0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-11e5d7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="11e5d7e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-78142c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="78142c3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">兀賯爻丕賲丕賱賲賵賯毓</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-64f8b7e elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="64f8b7e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list-rtl.min.css"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/about/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">毓賳丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丕鬲</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/books/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">丕賱賰鬲亘 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-757d6c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="757d6c4" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3f67dca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3f67dca" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">賲賵丕賯毓匕丕鬲氐賱丞</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7838786 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="7838786" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/journal/12517"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇亘賷丞賱賱毓賱賵賲丕賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丞</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://www.aicss.org/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">廿丿丕乇丞丕賱噩賲毓賷丕鬲丕賱毓賱賲賷丞</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="http://www.ksu.edu.sa/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">噩丕賲毓丞丕賱賲賱賰爻毓賵丿</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67b2622 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="67b2622" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-58064a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="58064a6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賳丕</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3be0a00 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="3be0a00" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://geoscience.org.sa/contact-us/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">丕鬲氐賱亘賳丕 </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="mailto:ssg@ksu.edu.sa"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ssg@ksu.edu.sa</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-821fce8 elementor-shape-circle e-grid-align-right elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="821fce8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-envelope elementor-repeater-item-07c55f2" href="mailto:ssg@ksu.edu.sa" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Envelope</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-x-twitter elementor-repeater-item-7865d30" href="https://twitter.com/SS_Geosciences" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">X-twitter</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-x-twitter" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-301fbf2" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsmv7FCvBgmFlQcCtMSR5xA" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> <svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube" viewBox="0 0 576 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path></svg> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e8b9c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="6e8b9c4" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d56906e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="d56906e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>噩賲賷毓丕賱丨賯賵賯賲丨賮賵馗丞 @ 2024 賱賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <template id="tp-language" data-tp-language="ar"></template> <div id="trp-floater-ls" onclick="" data-no-translation class="trp-language-switcher-container trp-floater-ls-codes trp-bottom-left trp-color-dark short-names" > <div id="trp-floater-ls-current-language" class=""> <a href="#" class="trp-floater-ls-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language" onclick="event.preventDefault()"> AR </a> </div> <div id="trp-floater-ls-language-list" class="" > <div class="trp-language-wrap trp-language-wrap-bottom"> <a href="http://geoscience.org.sa/en/" title="English"> EN </a> <a href="#" class="trp-floater-ls-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language" onclick="event.preventDefault()">AR</a></div> </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fluentform-elementor-widget-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/fluentform/assets/css/fluent-forms-elementor-widget.css?ver=5.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-animations-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/animations/animations.min.css?ver=3.23.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='owce-carousel-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/responsive-owl-carousel-elementor/assets/css/owl.carousel.min.css?ver=2.3.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='animate-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/responsive-owl-carousel-elementor/assets/css/animate.min.css?ver=3.7.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='owce-custom-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/responsive-owl-carousel-elementor/assets/css/custom.css?ver=1.1.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fluent-form-styles-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/fluentform/assets/css/fluent-forms-public-rtl.css?ver=5.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fluentform-public-default-css' href='http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/fluentform/assets/css/fluentform-public-default-rtl.css?ver=5.2.0' media='all' /> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/libs/framework/assets/js/frontend-script.js?ver=3.2.4" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js"></script> <script id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js-after"> var elementskit = { resturl: 'http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-json/elementskit/v1/', } </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widget-scripts.js?ver=3.2.4" id="ekit-widget-scripts-js"></script> <script id="ct-scripts-js-extra"> var ct_localizations = {"ajax_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","public_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/","rest_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-json\/","search_url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/search\/QUERY_STRING\/","show_more_text":"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f","more_text":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f","search_live_results":"Search results","search_live_no_results":"No results","search_live_no_result":"No results","search_live_one_result":"You got %s result. Please press Tab to select it.","search_live_many_results":"You got %s results. Please press Tab to select one.","expand_submenu":"Expand dropdown menu","collapse_submenu":"Collapse dropdown menu","dynamic_js_chunks":[],"dynamic_styles":{"lazy_load":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/non-critical-styles.min.css?ver=2.0.55","search_lazy":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/non-critical-search-styles.min.css?ver=2.0.55","back_to_top":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/back-to-top.min.css?ver=2.0.55"},"dynamic_styles_selectors":[{"selector":".ct-header-cart, #woo-cart-panel","url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/cart-header-element-lazy.min.css?ver=2.0.55"},{"selector":".flexy","url":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/themes\/blocksy\/static\/bundle\/flexy.min.css?ver=2.0.55"}]}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/themes/blocksy/static/bundle/main.js?ver=2.0.55" id="ct-scripts-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/responsive-owl-carousel-elementor/assets/js/owl.carousel.min.js?ver=2.3.4" id="owce-carousel-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/responsive-owl-carousel-elementor/assets/js/custom.js?ver=1.1.0" id="owce-custom-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.23.4" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.23.4" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=4.0.2" id="elementor-waypoints-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643","shareOnTwitter":"\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631","pinIt":"\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 ","download":"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644","downloadImage":"\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629","fullscreen":"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629","zoom":"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631","share":"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629","playVideo":"\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648","previous":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642","next":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a","close":"\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642","a11yCarouselWrapperAriaLabel":"Carousel | Horizontal scrolling: Arrow Left & Right","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":true,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}},"version":"3.23.4","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"e_optimized_css_loading":true,"e_font_icon_svg":true,"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"container":true,"container_grid":true,"e_swiper_latest":true,"e_nested_atomic_repeaters":true,"e_optimized_control_loading":true,"e_onboarding":true,"home_screen":true,"ai-layout":true,"e_lazyload":true},"urls":{"assets":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"cf4c5f320e"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"page":[],"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":18,"title":"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%20-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6","excerpt":"","featuredImage":false}}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.23.4" id="elementor-frontend-js"></script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/animate-circle.min.js?ver=3.2.4" id="animate-circle-js"></script> <script id="elementskit-elementor-js-extra"> var ekit_config = {"ajaxurl":"http:\/\/geoscience.org.sa\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"eabad9240b"}; </script> <script src="http://geoscience.org.sa/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/elementor.js?ver=3.2.4" id="elementskit-elementor-js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞 賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱丕乇囟

丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 - 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕乇囟