TerraNature | New Zealand Ecology - Mammals, one extinct and two living bats

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="description" content="New Zealand ecology - bats"> <meta name="keywords" content="New Zealand bats, short-tailed bat, New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat, Mystacina tuberculata, greater short-tailed bat, Mystacina robusta, New Zealand long-tailed bat, Chalinolobus tuberculatus"> <meta name="Author" content="Graeme Woodhouse"> <title>TerraNature | New Zealand Ecology - Mammals, one extinct and two living bats</title> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script type="text/JavaScript">  </script> </head> <body onLoad="MM_preloadImages('linkIssues141w_mo.jpg')"> <a name="top"></a> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="768" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td height="18"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>   <img src="terraNatureLogo212.gif" width="212"></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="18"> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="768" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="165" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <table width="143" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td><a href="index.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('home','','linkHome141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img name="home" border="0" src="linkHome141w.jpg"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="volunteer.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('volunteer','','linkVolunteer141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkVolunteer141w.jpg" name="volunteer" border="0" id="volunteer" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="sponsors.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('sponsors','','linkSponsors141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkSponsors141w.jpg" name="sponsors" border="0" id="sponsors" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="TNFdonation.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('donate','','linkDonate141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkDonate141w.jpg" name="donate" border="0" id="donate" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="news-events.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('news','','linkNews141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkNews141w.jpg" name="news" border="0" id="news" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="contact.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('contact','','linkContact141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkContact141w.jpg" name="contact" border="0" id="contact" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="about_us.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('aboutUs','','linkAboutUs141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkAboutUs141w.jpg" name="aboutUs" border="0" id="aboutUs" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="environmentalIssues.htm" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('issues','','linkIssues141w_mo.jpg',1)"><img src="linkIssues141w.jpg" name="issues" width="141" height="20" border="0"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="linkNZecology141w_mo.jpg"></td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="142" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <tr> <td> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="141" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td> <form method="get" action="https://www.google.co.nz/custom" target="_top"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="140"> <tr> <td height="5"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" align="left" height="15"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value=""></input> <input type="text" name="q" size="15px" style="width:128px" maxlength="255px"><br> <input type="hidden" name="sitesearch" value="terranature.org"> <input type="image" src="search.jpg" name="sa"> <input type="hidden" name="client" value="pub-8173913642632385"> <input type="hidden" name="forid" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="ISO-8859-1"> <input type="hidden" name="safe" value="active"> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="GALT:#FF3300;GL:1;DIV:#FFFFFF;VLC:FF9900;AH:center;BGC:FFFFFF;LBGC:FFFFFF;ALC:660099;LC:660099;T:333333;GFNT:666666;GIMP:666666;LH:37;LW:131;L:http://terranature.org/terraNatureLogo.jpg;S:http://;LP:1;FORID:1;"> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en"> </td> </tr> </table> </form>  </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="140" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td height="18"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <a href="extinctBirds.htm"><img src="eagle_skull150.jpg" width="65" border="0" alt="Eagle skull"> </a></td> <td width="80" align="center" valign="middle"> <h4><a href="extinctBirds.htm"><strong>Extinct birds</strong></a></h4> <h5><a href="extinctBirds.htm">58 losses since human arrival</a></h5></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="10"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" height="75" bgcolor="#dae8de"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="bottom"><a href="criticallyEndangeredBirds.htm"><img src="ChathamIslandMollymawk_head80.jpg" width="50" border="0"></a></td> <td width="90" height="" align="center" valign="middle"><h4><a href="criticallyEndangeredBirds.htm"><strong>Critically endangered birds</strong></a></h4> <h5><a href="criticallyEndangeredBirds.htm">Nine Red List, 26 nationally critical</a></h5> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#fee99a"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="flightlessBirds.htm"> <img src="takahe.jpg" width="53" border="0" valign="top" alt="Kakapo"></a><br></td> <td align="center" width="100" height="50"><h4><a href="flightlessBirds.htm"><strong>Flightless<br> birds</strong></a></h4> <h5> <a href="takahe.htm">Takahe</a>  <a href="kiwi1.htm">Kiwi</a><br> <a href="kakapo.htm">Kakapo</a>  <a href="penguin.htm">Penguin</a><br> <a href="moa.htm">Moa</a>  <a href="wren.htm">Wren</a></h5></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" height="70" bgcolor="#dae8de"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="140" height="70" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="5"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom"><a href="penguin.htm"><img src="penguinCrested_head100.jpg" width="65" border="0"></a></td> <td width="85" align="center" valign="middle"><h4><a href="penguin.htm"><strong>Penguin</strong></a></h4> <p style="font-size:9px"><a href="penguin.htm">Yellow-eyed<br> Four crested<br> Little blue<br> White-flippered</a></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" height="65" bgcolor="#e1e1e1"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="3"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2"><h4><a href="extinctBirdsReturn.htm"><strong>Rediscovered birds</strong></a></h4></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="bottom"><a href="extinctBirdsReturn.htm"><img src="taiko_head_greyBG150.jpg" width="55" border="0"></a></td> <td width="85" height="" align="center" valign="top"><p style="font-size:9px"><a href="extinctBirdsReturn.htm">The remarkable return of five extinct species</a></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#e3e0c5"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="nativeBirds_list.htm"> <img src="huiaKeulemans.jpg" width="55" border="0" valign="top" alt="Huia"> </a><br> </td> <td align="center" valign="middle" width="100"> <h4><a href="nativeBirds_list.htm"><strong>Native<br> birds list</strong></a></h4> <h5><a href="nativeBirds_list.htm">273 oceanic,<br> coastal and<br> terrestrial birds</a></h5></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#dae8de"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="51"><a href="teal.htm"> <img src="tealCampbell_female50.jpg" border="0" width="51" alt="Teal"></a></td> <td width="88" align="center" valign="center"> <h4><a href="teal.htm"><strong>Teal</strong></a></h4> <h5><a href="tealAuckland_Island.htm">Auckland Is.</a><br> <a href="tealCampbell_Island.htm">Campbell Is.</a><br> <a href="tealBrown.htm">Brown teal</a></h5></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="142" bgcolor="#cccccc"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="140" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="3"></td> </tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2"><h4><a href="parrots.htm"><strong>Parrots & Parakeets</strong></a></h4></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="bottom"> <a href="parrots.htm"><img src="kea120w.jpg" width="50" height="46" border="0" alt="Kea"></a></td> <td width="80" height="47" align="center" valign="top"> <h5><a href="kea.htm">Kea</a><br> <a href="kaka.htm">Kaka</a><br> <a href="kakapo.htm">Kakapo</a><br> <a href="parrots.htm">5 parakeets</a></h5></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="wattlebirds.htm"> <img src="kokako.jpg" border="0" width="51" alt="Huia"></a></td> <td width="80" align="center" valign="center"> <h4><a href="wattlebirds.htm"><strong>Wattlebirds</strong></a></h4> <h5><a href="huia.htm">Huia</a><br> <a href="kokako.htm">Kokako</a><br> <a href="saddleback.htm">Saddleback</a></h5></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#e3e0c5"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="6"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="2"><h4><a href="gigantism.htm"><strong>Gigantism in insects</strong></a></h4></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="right"><h5><a href="gigantism.htm">Earthworms</a>    </h5></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="bottom" width="90"><a href="gigantism.htm"> <img src="wetaTusked_brown100.jpg" border="0" width="90"></a></td> <td valign="top" width="52"><h5><a href="gigantism.htm">Weta</a></h5></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="1"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" bgcolor="#ffcccc" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="living_fossils.htm"><img src="archeys_frog.jpg" border="0" width="52"></a></td> <td align="center" width="100"> <h4><a href="living_fossils.htm"><strong>Living fossils</strong></a></h4> <h5><a href="living_fossils.htm">Leiopelma frogs<br> Land snails</a><br> <a href="tuatara.htm">Tuatara</a></h5></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" height="1"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> </td> <td valign="top" width="433"> <table valign="top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="415"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="271" border="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><h1><font color="#333333">NEW  ZEALAND  ECOLOGY</font></h1></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="45" height="4" bgcolor="#888888"> </td> <td width="225"> </td> </tr> <td colspan="2" height="3"> </td> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><h1><font color="#888888">MAMMALS</font></h1></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="14"> </td> </tr> <tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>New Zealand's only native land mammals were three species of bat.  Two species of short-tailed bats, were the world's most terrestrial bats, and the result of the bat family's attempt to produce a mouse.  The lesser short-tailed bat <em>Mystacina tuberculata</em> is now the sole surviving member of the family Mystacinidae which is endemic to New Zealand.  The family is one of four in the superfamily Noctilionoidea which, with the exception of <em>Mystacina</em> is restricted to central and south America.  <em>Mystacina</em> is a sister taxa of the genus <em>Icarops</em> consisting of three early Miocene species in Northern Australia.  <em>Mystacina</em> probably dispersed to New Zealand with prevailing winds from Australia in the late Oligocene or early Miocene about 30 million years ago.</p></td> </tr> </table> <table valign="top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" width="410"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="275"><h2><br> <a href="batGreaterShort-tailed.htm"><strong>Greater short-tailed bat</strong>  <em>Mystacina robusta</em></a></h2> <p style="font-size:10px"> Since the time of Maori settlement in the 13th century until its last sighting in 1967, one of the two surviving members of the ancient Mystacinidae family, the greater short-tailed bat was known only from Big South Cape Island, and adjoining Solomons Island off Stewart Island.  It became extinct after rats got ashore from a fishing vessel.  Only fossils have been found at various locations in the North and South Islands where it was once widespread.<br> <a href="batGreaterShort-tailed.htm"><img src="arrow.jpg" border="0"> <em>See more</em></a></td> <td align="right" valign="bottom" width="135"> <a href="batGreaterShort-tailed.htm"> <img src="batGST_Schouten130.jpg" border="0" width="125" alt="Greater short-tailed bat"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><h2> <a href="batShort-tailed.htm"><strong>Northern short-tailed bat</strong><br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata aupourica</em></a><br> <a href="batShort-tailed.htm"><strong>Central short-tailed bat</strong><br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata rhyacobia</em></a><br> <a href="batShort-tailed.htm"><strong>Southern short-tailed bat</strong><br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata tuberculata</em></a></h2> <p style="font-size:10px"> Three very odd subspecies, the world's sole survivors of the Mystacinidae family, remain at 13 locations throughout New Zealand. They feed on the ground hopping and darting through the forest, with wings folded in a pouch, using their arms as front limbs. They are relatively poor fliers, normally flying two or three metres off the ground.  <a href="batShort-tailed.htm"><img src="arrow.jpg" border="0"> <em>See more</em></a></p></td> <td align="right" valign="top"> <a href="batShort-tailed.htm"> <img src="batShort-tailed_Lloyd150.jpg" border="0" width="125" alt="Lesser short-tailed bat, Crown Copyright DoC"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><h2><br> <a href="batLong-tailed.htm"><strong>Long-tailed bat</strong>  <em>Chalinolobus tuberculatus</a></em></h2> <p style="font-size:10px"> The long-tailed bat arrived more recently than the <em>Mystacina</em> bats, assumably by windblown flight from Australia across the Tasman Sea. It is a close relative of five wattled bat species widely distributed throughout the western Pacific.  It is New Zealand's smallest bat, is more common, and is very different than the unique short-tailed species.  It is a better flier with a large homing range, and is an aerial insectivore, still widespread throughout the country.<br> <a href="batLong-tailed.htm"><img src="arrow.jpg" border="0"> <em>See more</em></a></p></td> <td align="right" valign="top"> <a href="batLong-tailed.htm"> <img src="batLong-tailed150.jpg" alt="Long-tailed bat" width="125" border="0"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><br> <p style="font-size:10px"><strong> Photo Credit</strong><em> Top right:</em> Short-tailed bat cluster, Ohakune, B.D. Lloyd<br> <em>Center middle:</em> Short-tailed bat, Codfish Island, B.D. Lloyd<br> <em>Center bottom:</em> Long-tailed bat, Gisborne, Dick Veitch<br> Crown Copyright © Department of Conservation.<br> <strong>Illustration Credit</strong> <em>Center top:</em> Greater short-tailed bat, Peter Schouten</p> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="410"> <tr> <td height="1"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="lineDot400.gif" width="405"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="#top"><img src="top_link.jpg" border="0"></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="top" width="170"><img src="batShort-tailed150.jpg" width="170"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="165" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tr> <td height="1" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"> </td> </tr><tr> <td height="8" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><br><h3><font color="#333333">2005 New Zealand Threat Classification System</h3> <h6><font color="#333333"> Greater short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina robustus</em><br> [8] Data deficient</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> Northern short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata aupourica</em><br> [2] Nationally endangered</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> Eastern central short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata rhyacobia</em> (eastern)<br> [7] Range restricted</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> Northwestern central short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata rhyacobia</em> (north-western)<br> [7] Range restricted</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> Southern North Island southern short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata tuberculata</em> (southern North Island)<br> [1] Nationally critical</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> South Island southern short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata tuberculata</em> (South Island)<br> [2] Nationally endangered</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> Long-tailed bat (North Island)<br> <em>Chalinolobus tuberculatus</em> (North Island)<br> [3] Nationally vulnerable</font></h6> <h6><font color="#333333"> Long-tailed bat (South Island)<br> <em>Chalinolobus tuberculatus</em> (South Island)<br> [2] Nationally endangered</font></h6></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="4"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><h3><font color="#ff2222">2007 IUCN Red List of <br> Threatened Species</font></h3> <h6><font color="#ff2222">New Zealand greater<br> short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina robustus</em><br> Extinct</h6> <h6>New Zealand lesser<br> short-tailed bat<br> <em>Mystacina tuberculata</em><br> Vulnerable</h6> <h6>New Zealand long-tailed bat<br> <em>Chalinolobus tuberculatus</em><br> Vulnerable</font></h6> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="40"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="768" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#dddddd" bordercolor="#dddddd" border="1"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" width="142"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="140" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0"> <tr> <td height="3"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"> <img src="terraNatureLogo212.gif" width="130"></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="626"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="626" bgcolor="#dddddd" border="0"> <tr> <td width="20"> </td> <td align="left" valign="middle" width="266"><h5><font color="#444444"><strong>Copyright © 2011 TerraNature. All rights reserved.</strong></font></h5></td> <td align="left" valign="middle"><h5><strong><a href="index.htm">home</a> | <a href="sponsors.htm">sponsors</a> | <a href="news-events.htm">latest news & events</a> | <a href="TNFdonation.htm">join - donate</a> | <a href="contact.htm">contact</a><br /> <a href="volunteer.htm">volunteer activities</a> | <a href="about_us.htm">about us</a> | <a href="environmentalIssues.htm"> environmental issues</a> | <a href="NZ_ecology.htm">NZ ecology</a></strong></h5></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> var sc_project=369939; var sc_partition=1; </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://www.statcounter.com/counter/counter.js"></script><noscript><a href="http://www.statcounter.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://c2.statcounter.com/counter.php?sc_project=369939&amp;java=0" alt="hit counter" border="0"></a> </noscript> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

TerraNature | New Zealand Ecology - Mammals, one extinct and two living bats