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To prevent these from being misunderstood as annual figures, the graphs have been switched to 2008 data only. Links are provided for the 2006-08 figures too. For more on the challenges of helping Haiti, read this <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/content/general/detail/1423583">Q&A with Ruth Levine</a>.]</p> <p>CGD does not have data on how much public and private aid is responding to the earthquake in Haiti. But as background, here are a few charts on recent patterns in aid to Haiti from the governments of wealthy nations. Please post comments to request others. The graphs and data shown here are in this <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/blog/Haiti aid.xls">spreadsheet</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/blog/Haiti aid 2006-08.xls">2006–08 version</a>). All aid figures come from the Paris-based <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats">Development Assistance Committee (DAC)</a>, which collects its data from donor governments. The latest figures—just released—are for 2008.</p> <p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/blog/Aid to Haiti by donor, 2008.png" alt="Aid to Haiti by donor, 2008"/><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/haiti-aid-facts.php#more-2861" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/haiti-aid-facts.php#respond" title="Comment on Haiti Aid Facts">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2881"> <h2> January 15, 2010 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/the-newest-security-contractors-in-iraq-ex-combatants-from-sierra-leone.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Newest Security Contractors in Iraq: Ex-combatants from Sierra Leone">The Newest Security Contractors in Iraq: Ex-combatants from Sierra Leone</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/vijaya-ramachandran/" title="Posts by Vijaya Ramachandran">Vijaya Ramachandran</a> </h4> <p><p><em>This is a joint posting with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/staff#JBAR">Julia Barmeier</a>.</em></p> <p>A British private security firm, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.securitybysabre.com/">Sabre International</a>, is <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20091227/world-news/10-000-s-leoneans-seek-work-in-iraq">sponsoring the employment of Sierra Leoneans</a> for security jobs in Iraq. According to its own website, the company holds <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.securitybysabre.com/news.php">multiple aviation security contracts</a> for three airports in Iraq (Baghdad International Airport, Mosul Airport, and Najaf International Airport).</p> <p>Having undergone two weeks of preparation training, 400 to 1,000 Sierra Leoneans have already been sent to Iraq (and possibly Afghanistan) with a waiting list of over 10,000 who are interested in participating in the program. According to reports, the West African workers will receive $250 a month, $200 of which will be directly deposited into a bank account in Freetown. Compare this to the per capita Gross National Income in Sierra Leone in 2008, which was $320 a year. (Meanwhile, Sierra Leone Members of Parliament are <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://leoneclub.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110:sl-mps-need-a-raise&catid=29:slg&Itemid=73">petitioning for monthly salaries of $4,000-$6,000</a>!) It’s no wonder thousands of people have signed up for this program: they are receiving a little less than 10x the amount they would earn in their own country! (Sierra Leone currently ranks 201 out of 210 countries in terms of its GNI per capita). Their salaries will not be taxed and they will be given free accommodation, free medical facility, free transportation, and free insurance. While a fabulous salary in Sierra Leone, their U.S. citizen contractor <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.payscale.com/ask_dr_salary/2006/10/average_salary__1.html">counterparts are averaging $100,000 a year</a>, possibly in similar roles. In this regard, Sabre might be saving a tidy sum. </p> <p>Post-conflict recovery researchers like <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://bottombillion.com/">Paul Collier</a> and former CGD post-doc <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://chrisblattman.com/publications/policy/">Chris Blattman</a> emphasize the need to engage ex-combatants in productive activity, in other words, create an economic incentive to cease violence or prevent a relapse into conflict. This program is fulfilling this purpose. For example, news reports say the agreement welcomed by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.education.gov.sl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67:sierra-leones-labour-minister-assures-youths-aspiring-for-overseas-employment&catid=41:news-a-activities&Itemid=83">Youth for Middle East Overseas Group</a>, which has apparently pressured the government of Sierra Leone to allow youths to seek work in Iraq. Said Secretary-General Akim Bangura, “Finally, we are breathing a sigh of relief over the positive outcome. We have fought a successful battle and I have been arrested a couple of times for leading campaigns for jobless youths to find jobs in Iraq. I am happy it all ended this way.”</p> <p>On the other hand, the program perpetuates the environment of violence that surrounded these youth in Sierra Leone. While the country officially ended its decade-long civil war in 2001, it is still <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.brookings.edu/reports/2008/02_weak_states_index.aspx">ranked among the most fragile countries</a>. Of blood diamond and child soldier fame, the conflict in Sierra Leone was severely brutal and bloody, where rebel activity was characterized by hacking off the hands and feet of victims. It is unclear what kind of effect employment in a similar-but-different conflict region will have on these program participants.</p> <p>Are agreements like these providing legitimate employment alternatives for ex-combatants? Or are they perpetuating reliance on conflict-related activity? Also, with unemployment rates at 18% to 30% in Iraq itself, why doesn’t Sabre seek local workers to fill these spots?</p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/the-newest-security-contractors-in-iraq-ex-combatants-from-sierra-leone.php#respond" title="Comment on The Newest Security Contractors in Iraq: Ex-combatants from Sierra Leone">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2796"> <h2> January 12, 2010 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/comment-on-secretary-of-state-hillary-rodham-clinton%e2%80%99s-speech.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Clinton, Innovation, and the MCC">Clinton, Innovation, and the MCC</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/dariusnassiry/" title="Posts by Darius Nassiry">Darius Nassiry</a> </h4> <p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/content/general/detail/1423520" target="_blank">Secretary of State Clinton’s speech</a> highlighted steps currently being taken to strengthen the role of development in U.S. foreign policy. First among these: a new emphasis on partnerships – “not only to the countries where we work, but to other countries and organizations working there as well.”</p> <p>Developing new partnerships requires a departure from business-as-usual. To minimize costs and lower risk, it may make sense to pilot new approaches through agencies that might serve as incubators. Of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/books/White House and the World/WHW_CH10.pdf">nearly 20 agencies</a> involved in delivering U.S. foreign assistance, one candidate would be the Millennium Challenge Corporation. For MCC, new partnerships with private or non-governmental entities – particularly those with potential to promote new investment ideas directly from citizens in partner countries – would not only demonstrate the potential for innovative approaches to U.S. foreign assistance but could also strengthen adherence to MCC’s founding principle of country ownership. MCC’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.mcc.gov/mcc/bm.doc/mca_legislation.pdf">legislation</a> authorizes provision of assistance “in the form of grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to or with … regional or local governmental units … [or] a nongovernmental organization or a private entity.” Even so, moves by MCC toward more innovative approaches would need to be done in close consultation with Congress. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/comment-on-secretary-of-state-hillary-rodham-clinton%e2%80%99s-speech.php#more-2796" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/comment-on-secretary-of-state-hillary-rodham-clinton%e2%80%99s-speech.php#respond" title="Comment on Clinton, Innovation, and the MCC">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2752"> <h2> January 11, 2010 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/development-in-the-year-of-immigration-reform-new-video.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Development in the Year of Immigration Reform: New Video">Development in the Year of Immigration Reform: New Video</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/michael-clemens/" title="Posts by Michael Clemens">Michael Clemens</a> </h4> <p><p>How can someone outside Haiti raise the income of a person who is very poor in Haiti? The fastest, surest, biggest way is simply to let that person work outside Haiti for some period, in a rich country. My co-authors and I <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16352">document</a> that a 35 year old urban male with some secondary schooling, born and educated in Haiti, earns a standard of living at least <em>six times greater</em> on average in the United States than the same person earns in Haiti. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/development-in-the-year-of-immigration-reform-new-video.php#more-2752" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/development-in-the-year-of-immigration-reform-new-video.php#respond" title="Comment on Development in the Year of Immigration Reform: New Video">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2728"> <h2> January 7, 2010 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/secretary-clinton-pushes-the-development-envelope-in-cgd-speech.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Secretary Clinton Pushes the Development Envelope in CGD Speech">Secretary Clinton Pushes the Development Envelope in CGD Speech</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/sarah-jane-staats/" title="Posts by Sarah Jane Staats">Sarah Jane Staats</a> </h4> <p><p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/userfiles/image/2010/cgd_hillary_243.jpg" alt="name" width="400" height="266" align="left"> Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton delivered a major speech at CGD <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/content/general/detail/1423520">yesterday</a>, calling development a central pillar of U.S. foreign policy alongside diplomacy and defense. Perhaps you’ve read the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/2009/Clinton%20Transcript2.pdf">transcript</a> or watched the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid1705667530?bctid=60761567001">video</a>. It’s a long and detailed speech, so now you’re wondering: what are the big takeaways?</p> <p>Among those present, I heard wide praise for the speech, in large part because the messenger matters. Nobody I spoke with could recall another sitting Secretary of State delivering the same caliber of speech focused solely on U.S. development policy. Secretary Clinton brings a long history of personal interest and knowledge of global development and has now demonstrated her willingness to use her bully pulpit to draw enormous attention to the issues. When she speaks, people listen. And it gets <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/2009/Clinton%20Press%20Clips.pdf" target="_blank"> a fair amount of media coverage</a>.</p> <p>The speech also affirmed development policy is a priority for the Obama administration and injected some new momentum into the conversation. Secretary Clinton called development “indispensible” and a “strategic, economic and moral imperative—as central to advancing American interests and solving global problems as diplomacy and defense.”</p> <p>And just as the messenger matters, timing matters. Secretary Clinton delivered her speech yesterday, and today <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.usaid.gov/press/speeches/2010/sp100107.html" target="_blank">swore in USAID Administrator Raj Shah</a>. These two events put behind us all the discussion of “when will they finally name a USAID administrator?” and in some ways signal a turning point. The administration now has confirmed new leadership at USAID, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, and the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator. Highly capable staff are also working on development at the State Department and the many other U.S. government agencies involved in development (Treasury, USDA, the U.S. Trade Representative, etc.). With the anticipated confirmation of a new head for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, the administration will have a full team on board in early 2010.</p> <p>In her remarks, Secretary Clinton acknowledged that a focus on development demands smarter policies and better results, saying we “have to be selective and strategic about where and how to get involved.” The speech itself covered everything from coordination of U.S. government agencies and among development policies (aid, trade, private investment, etc.), restoring USAID to the “premiere development agency in the world,” the role of women and girls in development, leveraging American technical know-how and innovation, almost every development sector and the role of NGOs and contractors. Many people left the room happy, satisfied that their issue was addressed. But the biggest challenge remains how to “be selective and strategic” about our development investments. The point is, everybody agrees on the need for more focus; nobody agrees on what it is we should not do.</p> <p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/userfiles/image/2010/cgd_hillary_332.jpg" alt="Hillary Clinton on January 6 at a Center for Global Development event" width="400" height="266" align="right"> In fairness, there was only so much that Secretary Clinton could say ahead of the results of the Presidential Study Directive on U.S. Global Development Policy (PSD). The main impact of Secretary Clinton’s speech in my mind is that it pushes the development envelope. It raises the profile and attention to these issues, injects new momentum into the debate, and tees up this administration to make some significant changes to the development status quo. I’m hopeful that with a capable team of development leaders finally in place and two major review processes underway—the PSD and the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review–we’ll soon hear some specifics about the steps the U.S. will take to really create a 21<sup>st</sup> century development policy.</p> <p>And I would be remiss if I didn’t say my favorite part of the speech was the focus on telling the development story to Americans; not only what we do and how we do it, but that better development policy is a priority, even in these difficult times, because it is inextricably linked to our own national moral, economic and security interests.</p> <p>As one audience member said to me after the speech, “Where do you go from here?” To that I say, Mr. President, CGD stands ready and willing to host your major U.S. global development speech this spring.</p> <p>This is some of what I’ve heard and thought since hearing Secretary Clinton speak yesterday afternoon. The floor is open. What do you think?</p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/secretary-clinton-pushes-the-development-envelope-in-cgd-speech.php#comments" title="Comment on Secretary Clinton Pushes the Development Envelope in CGD Speech">3 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2720"> <h2> January 5, 2010 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?">After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/todd-moss/" title="Posts by Todd Moss">Todd Moss</a> </h4> <p><p><em>This entry was also posted on the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/todd-moss/after-the-plane-bomber-wh_b_411818.html">Huffington Post</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://allafrica.com/stories/201001050928.html">AllAfrica</a>, and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.saharareporters.com/articles/external-contrib/4745-after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.html">Sahara Reporters</a>.</em></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cgdev%2Fglobaldevelopment+%28Global+Development%3A+Views+from+the+Center%29"><img align="left" height="133" alt="Umaru Yar’Adua" width="200" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/userfiles/image/2010/NIGERIAN_PRESIDENT-crop.jpg"/></a>Amid all the media frenzy around the Nigerian underwear bomber and how America should have stopped him before he tried to blow up a passenger plane on Christmas Day, a critical piece to the counter-terrorism puzzle seems to have been missed: where in the world is the Nigerian President? <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php#more-2720" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php#comments" title="Comment on After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?">10 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2716"> <h2> December 29, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/arvind-subramanian-the-triumph-of-economics.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Arvind Subramanian: The Triumph of Economics">Arvind Subramanian: The Triumph of Economics</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/arvindsubramanian/" title="Posts by Arvind Subramanian">Arvind Subramanian</a> </h4> <p><p><em>This blog post was originally published in the Business Standard.</em></p> <p>The Greatest Depression that could so easily have happened in 2009 but did not is the tribute that the world owes to economics.</p> <p>In 2008, as the global financial crisis unfolded, the reputation of economics as a discipline and economists as useful policy practitioners seemed to be irredeemably sunk. Queen Elizabeth captured the mood when she asked pointedly why no one (in particular economists) had spotted the crisis coming. And there is no doubt that, notwithstanding the few Cassandras who had correctly prophesied gloom and doom, the profession had failed colossally. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/arvind-subramanian-the-triumph-of-economics.php#more-2716" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/arvind-subramanian-the-triumph-of-economics.php#comments" title="Comment on Arvind Subramanian: The Triumph of Economics">1 Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2699"> <h2> December 22, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/godot-actually-made-it-to-copenhagen-%e2%80%a6-and-nothing-happened-now-what.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Godot Actually Made It To Copenhagen … and Nothing Happened. Now What?">Godot Actually Made It To Copenhagen … and Nothing Happened. Now What?</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/david-wheeler/" title="Posts by David Wheeler">David Wheeler</a> </h4> <p><p>In the wake of the shambles at Copenhagen, we could do worse than contemplate Vladimir and Estragon in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. The two characters converse endlessly and anxiously, while they wait for the mysterious Godot to arrive and secure their enlightenment. But Godot never shows up, even though he keeps sending word that he will. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/godot-actually-made-it-to-copenhagen-%e2%80%a6-and-nothing-happened-now-what.php#more-2699" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/godot-actually-made-it-to-copenhagen-%e2%80%a6-and-nothing-happened-now-what.php#comments" title="Comment on Godot Actually Made It To Copenhagen … and Nothing Happened. Now What?">5 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2642"> <h2> December 21, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/whats-hot-and-whats-not-in-global-development-for-2010.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to What’s Hot and What’s Not in Global Development for 2010">What’s Hot and What’s Not in Global Development for 2010</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/sarah-jane-staats/" title="Posts by Sarah Jane Staats">Sarah Jane Staats</a> </h4> <p><div>As 2009 draws to a close, it’s a good time for a little light-hearted reflection on what’s hot and what’s not for global development in 2010.</div> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/whats-hot-and-whats-not-in-global-development-for-2010.php#more-2642" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/whats-hot-and-whats-not-in-global-development-for-2010.php#comments" title="Comment on What’s Hot and What’s Not in Global Development for 2010">8 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2638"> <h2> December 21, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/the-development-counterterrorism-front-mali.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Development-Counterterrorism Front: Mali">The Development-Counterterrorism Front: Mali</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/todd-moss/" title="Posts by Todd Moss">Todd Moss</a> </h4> <p><p>If you are looking for a microcosm of the U.S. struggle to fight extremism with a development face, look no further than Mali. Karin Brulliard’s excellent piece in today’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/20/AR2009122002626.html"><em>Washington Post</em></a> (Africa on the front page!) explains the context just right: a poor country, long a crossroads of different cultures welcomed by tolerant Islam, is facing new pressures from foreign influences, including spillover from internal Algerian strife. The U.S. is trying to build Malian capacity to contain terrorist groups and also to promote development as a deterrent to the lure of recruiters. But, as Brulliard hints, we don’t really know how well we are doing, nor whether our efforts are misdirected. This is an issue we at CGD will be looking at more closely over the next few months: how does development fit within a counter-terrorism strategy? <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/the-development-counterterrorism-front-mali.php#more-2638" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/the-development-counterterrorism-front-mali.php#respond" title="Comment on The Development-Counterterrorism Front: Mali">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2633"> <h2> December 18, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/pathetic-outcome-in-copenhagen.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Pathetic Outcome in Copenhagen">Pathetic Outcome in Copenhagen</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/david-wheeler/" title="Posts by David Wheeler">David Wheeler</a> </h4> <p><p>Right – it’s an “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/19/science/earth/19climate.html">agreement</a>”… to punt down the field for some transient face-saving. Obama said he had to fly back to Washington early because of the weather (riiiight ….). These guys have signally failed us. The Americans failed on emissions reductions. The Chinese failed on transparency. Plenty of credit to go around, as it turns out. But the problem doesn’t go away, and efforts to find solutions outside of the failed negotiating framework now become more crucial and urgent than ever. We at CGD will be doing our part. Stay tuned. </p> <p>And in the meantime, it’s well worth recalling the last stanza of this poem:</p> <p>The Hollow Men<br/> T.S. Eliot</p> <p>This is the way the world ends<br/> This is the way the world ends<br/> This is the way the world ends<br/> Not with a bang but a whimper.</p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/pathetic-outcome-in-copenhagen.php#comments" title="Comment on Pathetic Outcome in Copenhagen">2 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2595"> <h2> December 18, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/does-aid-cause-dutch-disease.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Does Aid Cause Dutch Disease?">Does Aid Cause Dutch Disease?</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/david-roodman/" title="Posts by David Roodman">David Roodman</a> </h4> <p><p>[Update: Arvind Subramanian has <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://aidwatchers.com/2009/12/arvind-subramanian-replies-to-his-and-our-critics/">replied</a> on Aid Watch to this post, and I have <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://aidwatchers.com/2009/12/arvind-subramanian-replies-to-his-and-our-critics/comment-page-1/#comment-7803">commented</a> there.]</p> <p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/blog/Rajan and Subramanian chart 1 clip.PNG" align="right" alt="Rajan and Subramanian chart 1 clip"/>If the United States gives Uganda a billion dollars, Uganda becomes richer. However, Uganda can only enjoy that money by spending it; and since the money is dollars Uganda must buy goods and services from the United States. So when the United States gives Uganda a billion dollars, exports follow. With enhanced access to products easily tradeable across national borders, Uganda can devote more economic energy to making non-tradeables such as restaurant meals and bicycle repairs. With the wealth, then, comes economic change.</p> <p>That’s a simplified picture of the impact of aid on a receiving economy. One can imagine many hidden complications: Uganda might stash the money in a New York bank, deferring the spending. Or it might buy yen with the dollars so that Japan would import California wines while Uganda got Sony TVs. Most of these complications do not change the essential picture, however. Aid is free imports, so while making the recipient richer, it also compresses the recipient’s production of tradeable goods. This compression is known as <a id="aptureLink_yJf9xG2Sgm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Disease">Dutch Disease</a> because something like it happened to the Netherlands after natural gas was discovered there. Suddenly foreigners were clambering to hand foreign currency to the Dutch in exchange for the gas. The country’s hydrocarbon industry grew, and ince there were only so many workers and so much capital, other industries got squeezed down, disrupting the lives of many. You can imagine the channels through which these changes played out. The natural gas company started hiring, for example; that bid up wages; that forced other companies to lay off people or completely shut down. Other ripples ran through exchange rates.<br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/does-aid-cause-dutch-disease.php#more-2595" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/does-aid-cause-dutch-disease.php#comments" title="Comment on Does Aid Cause Dutch Disease?">2 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2590"> <h2> December 18, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/intellectual-property-rights-at-copenhagen-and-beyond.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Intellectual Property Rights at Copenhagen and Beyond">Intellectual Property Rights at Copenhagen and Beyond</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/matt-hoffman/" title="Posts by Matt Hoffman">Matt Hoffman</a> </h4> <p><p>As the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen continues, negotiators face a series of unresolved questions. What emissions targets should be agreed to? How much money should be provided to finance mitigation and adaptation in developing countries, and how should these financial flows be governed? Should intellectual property rights be reformed to facilitate the diffusion of low-carbon technologies? <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/intellectual-property-rights-at-copenhagen-and-beyond.php#more-2590" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/intellectual-property-rights-at-copenhagen-and-beyond.php#respond" title="Comment on Intellectual Property Rights at Copenhagen and Beyond">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2581"> <h2> December 17, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/linking-aid-to-results-why-are-some-development-workers-anxious.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Linking Aid to Results: Why Are Some Development Workers Anxious? (Guest post by Owen Barder)">Linking Aid to Results: Why Are Some Development Workers Anxious? (Guest post by Owen Barder)</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/nancy-birdsall/" title="Posts by Nancy Birdsall">Nancy Birdsall</a> </h4> <p><p><em>I am pleased to share with our readers at Owen’s request this discussion of Cash on Delivery Aid, which appeared yesterday on his blog, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/www.owen.org/blog/2852" target="_blank">Owen Abroad</a>.</em></p> <p><strong>Linking Aid to Results: Why Are Some Development Workers Anxious?</strong><br/> <em>By Owen Barder</em></p> <p>The Center for Global Development is working on an idea which they call <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid" target="_blank">Cash on Delivery aid</a>, in which donors make a binding commitment to developing country governments to provide aid according to the outputs that the government delivers. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11550" target="_blank">I think this is a good idea in principle</a>, and hope that it can be tested to see whether and how it could work in practice. The UK Conservative party <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.conservatives.com/Campaigns/One_World_Conservatism.aspx" target="_blank">have said in their Green Paper</a> that if they are elected they will use Cash on Delivery to link aid to results.</p> <p>Linking aid more closely to results is attractive from many different perspectives. My own view is that linking aid directly to results will help to change the politics of aid <em>for donors</em>. Many of the most egregiously ineffective behaviours in aid are a direct result of donors’ (very proper) need to show to their taxpayers how money has been used. Because traditional aid is not directly linked to results, donors end up focusing on inputs and micromanaging how aid is spent instead, with all the obvious consequences for transactions costs, poor alignment with developing countries systems and priorities and lack of harmonisation. If we could link aid more directly to results, I think donors will be freed from many of the political pressures they currently face to deliver aid badly; and it would be politically easier to defend large increases in aid budgets.<br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/linking-aid-to-results-why-are-some-development-workers-anxious.php#more-2581" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/linking-aid-to-results-why-are-some-development-workers-anxious.php#comments" title="Comment on Linking Aid to Results: Why Are Some Development Workers Anxious? (Guest post by Owen Barder)">11 Comments</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2577"> <h2> December 16, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/views-from-tunis-the-african-development-banks-new-blog.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Views from Tunis: The African Development Bank’s New Blog">Views from Tunis: The African Development Bank’s New Blog</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/todd-moss/" title="Posts by Todd Moss">Todd Moss</a> </h4> <p><p>Kudos to our friends at the African Development Bank for their recent launching of a new blog, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.buildingafricatoday.com/">Building Africa Today</a>. So far it is providing regular updates of African currencies, stock markets, commodities, and other data relevant to those following economic trends on the continent. Any quick scan of the blog also shows that this is not your father’s AfDB of the 1980s: the blog and the Bank are both heavily focused on private sector activity. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/views-from-tunis-the-african-development-banks-new-blog.php#more-2577" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/views-from-tunis-the-african-development-banks-new-blog.php#respond" title="Comment on Views from Tunis: The African Development Bank’s New Blog">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2574"> <h2> December 16, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/copenhagen-why-china-is-mostly-right.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Copenhagen: Why China is Mostly Right">Copenhagen: Why China is Mostly Right</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/nancy-birdsall/" title="Posts by Nancy Birdsall">Nancy Birdsall</a> </h4> <p><p>China recently announced it will reduce the emissions-intensity of its economy (ratio of emissions to GDP) by at least 40-45 percent by 2020. But in Copenhagen it is resisting making that promise an internationally binding commitment. That’s a big problem for the U.S. negotiators, since the Congress is adamant: the U.S. will not commit until and unless the Chinese do too. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/copenhagen-why-china-is-mostly-right.php#more-2574" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/copenhagen-why-china-is-mostly-right.php#respond" title="Comment on Copenhagen: Why China is Mostly Right">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2565"> <h2> December 15, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/beyond-copenhagen-making-forest-conservation-credible.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Beyond Copenhagen: Making Forest Conservation Credible">Beyond Copenhagen: Making Forest Conservation Credible</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/david-wheeler/" title="Posts by David Wheeler">David Wheeler</a> </h4> <p><p><em>This is a joint posting with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/staff#DANH">Dan Hammer</a>.</em></p> <p>The climate negotiations in Copenhagen have galvanized the climate evangelists and skeptics alike; the talks, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/opinion/07hansen.html?_r=1">some say</a>, are merely a front to assuage the general public, and will only divert attention from the scientific imperative to curb global carbon emissions. But one benefit of the talks has already been realized: They have catalyzed a flurry of activity, especially in the domain of monitoring and evaluation. Last week in Copenhagen, Google.org announced that it will provide free access to raw satellite imagery to facilitate global monitoring of deforestation, which may account for 15% of annual greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, Google.org has partnered with two leading forest scientists to host their image-parsing algorithms online, so that experts in developing countries can produce more accurate maps of forest cover loss from satellite images. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/beyond-copenhagen-making-forest-conservation-credible.php#more-2565" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/beyond-copenhagen-making-forest-conservation-credible.php#comments" title="Comment on Beyond Copenhagen: Making Forest Conservation Credible">1 Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2559"> <h2> December 15, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/postcard-from-copenhagen-2-wait-there-are-negotiations-too.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Postcard from Copenhagen 2: Wait, There Are Negotiations Too?">Postcard from Copenhagen 2: Wait, There Are Negotiations Too?</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/robin-kraft/" title="Posts by Robin Kraft">Robin Kraft</a> </h4> <p><p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/userfiles/image/2009/cop1.JPG" width="250" height="333" align="left"/>It’s a bit odd that you can be one of the fortunate few to attend the current round of international climate negotiations in Copenhagen, and still have to read the newspaper to find out how things are going. Climate news junkies probably have a much more nuanced understanding of the geopolitics underway than I do, because unless you know a delegate, or join the protestors outside – they watch blogs and newspapers like hawks – it’s easy to get caught up in everything else going on at COP15.</p> <p>There’s the NGO trade show my colleague <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/postcard-from-copenhagen-1.php">Darius Nassiry described</a>, a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/seeing-forest-through-cloud.html">prototype deforestation monitoring platform</a> by folks at Google, and dozens of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://regserver.unfccc.int/seors/reports/events_list.html?session_id=COP15">side events</a> led by leading researchers, officials and NGO representatives on every aspect of the climate question. What, there are negotiators too besides the 20,000 NGO representatives? They must be the ones in the nice suits. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/postcard-from-copenhagen-2-wait-there-are-negotiations-too.php#more-2559" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/postcard-from-copenhagen-2-wait-there-are-negotiations-too.php#respond" title="Comment on Postcard from Copenhagen 2: Wait, There Are Negotiations Too?">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2550"> <h2> December 14, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/cgd-screening-applications-for-nick-kristofs-win-a-trip-contest.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to CGD Screening Applications for Nick Kristof’s “Win a Trip” Contest">CGD Screening Applications for Nick Kristof’s “Win a Trip” Contest</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/ben-edwards/" title="Posts by Ben Edwards">Ben Edwards</a> </h4> <p><p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/userfiles/image/2009/Win a trip.JPG" width="152" height="145" align="left"/>New York Times columnist Nick Kristof just <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/opinion/13kristof.html?_r=1&ref=opinion">announced</a> his 2010 Win a Trip contest. The lucky winner will accompany Kristof on a reporting trip to Africa to cover global poverty. This contest is a rare opportunity for a university student to experience a part of the world that few Americans see with such a seasoned expert like Kristof. The winner also earns the privilege to share her or his experiences on the New York Times blog. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/cgd-screening-applications-for-nick-kristofs-win-a-trip-contest.php#more-2550" class="more-link">More…</a></p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/cgd-screening-applications-for-nick-kristofs-win-a-trip-contest.php#respond" title="Comment on CGD Screening Applications for Nick Kristof’s “Win a Trip” Contest">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div id="post-2540"> <h2> December 11, 2009 </h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/postcard-from-copenhagen-1.php" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Postcard from Copenhagen 1">Postcard from Copenhagen 1</a></h3> <h4>By <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/author/dariusnassiry/" title="Posts by Darius Nassiry">Darius Nassiry</a> </h4> <p><p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559im_/http://www.cgdev.org/userfiles/image/2009/cop15.jpg" alt="" width="650" height="200"/></p> <p>Negotiations were just getting started this week when I had the opportunity to attend the UN Climate Change Conference or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://en.cop15.dk/">COP15</a> in Copenhagen. Government delegates from 192 countries are taking part in official <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://unfccc.int/2860.php">UN sponsored negotiations</a> alongside dozens of side events that are scheduled in parallel for the hundreds of NGOs and other interest groups whose booths occupy an entire wing of the sprawling Bella Center, where the main conference is located between the airport and downtown Copenhagen.</p> <p>Other events are separated by some distance: the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.ieta.org/ieta/www/pages/index.php">International Emissions Trading Association (IETA)</a> has events scheduled in a hotel a couple of miles away and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.klimaforum09.org/?lang=en">Klimaforum09</a> or Peoples Climate Summit, is at yet another location, closer to downtown. The World Bank, which has been a focal point of debate over which institution should be charged with administering potential financial assistance to poor countries coping with the effects of climate change, has kept a relatively low profile; it has a small booth like every other organization and joined a side-event with other MDBs at the Opera House downtown.</p> <p>The range of humanity involved of all ages, nationalities and planet-saving causes was striking, each group seeking to shape the outcome of the negotiations, each pursuing a separate if complementary agenda. It was also fascinating to compare the blogs and news flow on the conference versus how activities look on the ground, which is much less dramatic — more like an NGO trade show on one side and government negotiations on the other, with no visible connection between the two. (Representatives of the private sector, which is expected to mobilize the lion’s share of climate finance, seem to have almost no direct influence in the negotiations, according to one <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.carbon-financeonline.com/index.cfm?section=cop&action=view&id=12595">blog</a>.)</p> <p>For many NGOs, the point of being in Copenhagen seems to be that everyone else is there. For some, the goal seems to be consciousness-raising while for policy-focused NGOs, the objective seems to be to ensure that specific language is included or remains in the official negotiating text. One NGO representative told me that to have influence their think-tank had to start pushing their ideas last January. Another told me that, besides circulating “non papers” on key issues, her NGO had representatives who also serve as official delegates in the negotiations for their respective countries’ governments.</p> <p>The numerous side-events also provided an opportunity to meet leading climate change experts, and also some accidental star-gazing. By chance I sat next to Rajendra Pachauri, the Nobel laureate chair of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm">IPCC</a>, for lunch on the first day. On the second day, at a talk on forest carbon, Wangari Maathai, who won the Nobel Peace Prize for her work with the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/">Green Belt Movement</a>, sat in the front row and asked what kind of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.un-redd.org/">REDD</a> should we be pushing for?</p> <p>The question of whether and how to include forestry credits in a post-Kyoto treaty has been the focus of numerous side-events. On Thursday, Google.org <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blog.google.org/2009/12/seeing-forest-through-cloud.html">unveiled</a> a satellite monitoring tool that allows analysis of raw satellite imagery data and measurement of deforestation by implementing algorithms to identify deforestation and degradation very quickly using their thousands of servers. CGD’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/staff#Kraft">Robin Kraft</a>, who joined me at the conference, will present his an initial analysis of data from CGD’s deforestation “alarm” system, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/forestmonitoringforactionforma">Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA)</a> now available for Indonesia each month since the end of 2005, at an official side-event next Wednesday hosted by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.rff.org/News/Features/Pages/RFF-in-Copenhagen.aspx">Resources for the Future</a>.</p> <p>Everyone whom I have met who has been to a COP before tells me that things will “heat up” after the ministers arrive this weekend. It was not immediately clear how negotiations, which have reportedly proceeded at a “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.pointcarbon.com/news/1.1326816">snail’s pace</a>”, would accelerate enough to reach an agreement in time for the heads of state to sign at the end of next week. Things seemed to be moving backward on Tuesday when the UK’s Guardian published a leaked “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/08/copenhagen-climate-summit-disarray-danish-text">Danish text</a>” but by Friday the news seemed better, with the UK Prime Minister Brown <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8407112.stm">expressing support</a> for a 30 percent CO2 cut over 1990 levels and support for a multibillion dollar “fast start fund”, and the chair of a key working group releasing a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/11/AR2009121101188.html?hpid=topnews">new draft text</a>. Unlike the earlier leaked text, which UNFCCC Secretary Yvo de Boer immediately disavowed as an “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://en.cop15.dk/news/view+news?newsid=2889">informal paper</a>”, the so-called <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/homepage/cutajar1.pdf">Cutajar draft</a>, a six-page document to replace 180 pages of negotiating text, is being called “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://en.cop15.dk/news/view+news?newsid=2938">the first official draft</a>” for a climate deal, according to the COP15 website. At the end of Week One, it appeared likely the world will settle on a political framework rather than a full treaty, but emissions targets, levels of assistance and other key issues at this point remain undecided.</p> </p> <p class="posted"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/postcard-from-copenhagen-1.php#respond" title="Comment on Postcard from Copenhagen 1">Comment</a></p> </div> <div class="br"><br/></div> <div> <div class="alignleft"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/page/2">« Previous Entries</a></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> <br/> </div> </div>  <div id="right"> <ul> <li id="text-375718151" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment"><strong>Views from the Center</strong></a> features posts from <a 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(Guest post by Owen Barder), December 17, 2009">Ben Safari</a> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/linking-aid-to-results-why-are-some-development-workers-anxious.php">Linking Aid to Results: Why Are Some Development Workers Anxious? (Guest post by Owen Barder)</a>: Barder’s blog on COD is good...<br><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php#comment-6315" title="After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?, January 5, 2010">Ben Edwards</a> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php">After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?</a>: The Washington Post seems to have picked up your idea in...<br><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php#comment-6302" title="After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?, January 5, 2010">Orike Didi</a> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php">After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?</a>: Nigeria is a unique country with a strange political class....<br><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php#comment-6286" title="After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?, January 5, 2010">Chukwudozie</a> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php">After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?</a>: In as much as our president health problem is shrouded in...<br><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php#comment-6280" title="After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?, January 5, 2010">The Entrepreneur</a> on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117094559/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/01/after-the-plane-bomber-where-in-the-world-is-nigerias-president.php">After the Plane Bomber, Where in the World is Nigeria’s President?</a>: I think this write up is at best irresponsible. 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