CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bugō - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"79c637c6-ca38-4dfb-a1c4-24fe21d2da7a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bugō","wgTitle":"Bugō","wgCurRevisionId":1273359054,"wgRevisionId":1273359054,"wgArticleId":60987800,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles containing Japanese-language text","Pages with Japanese IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019","Japanese martial arts terminology"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bugō","wgRelevantArticleId":60987800,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q113580012","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bugō - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%C5%8D"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%C5%8D"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bugō rootpage-Bugō skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bug%C5%8D" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bug%C5%8D" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bug%C5%8D" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bug%C5%8D" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cultural origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples/types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples/types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Examples/types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples/types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bugō</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="武号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="武号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113580012#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bug%C5%8D" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bug%C5%8D" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bug%C5%8D" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&oldid=1273359054" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bug%C5%8D&id=1273359054&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBug%25C5%258D"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBug%25C5%258D"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bug%C5%8D&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113580012" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bugō</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:武号">武号</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Japanese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[bɯgoː]</a></span>)</span> are <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nicknames</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial arts</a>. The word is composed of the symbols <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:武">武</a> (bu, meaning "martial") and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:号">号</a> (gō, meaning "name"). In English, the term is sometimes translated as "martial name" or "warrior name"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with similar equivalents in other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_origin">Cultural origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cultural origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a> demonstrated in <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a>, using someone's real name is a <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> common to many countries throughout history, and to circumvent this taboo, <a href="/wiki/Pseudonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudonyms">pseudonyms</a> are often used.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in Japan, the word for <a href="/wiki/True_name" title="True name">true name</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:諱">諱</a>, imina) is derived from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:忌">忌み</a>+<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:名">名</a> (also imina), meaning "name to be avoided due to death or other taboos": after death, people are given posthumous names (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AB%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:諡">諡</a>, okurina) to avoid "calling" them via their true name.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In China's <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</a> combined concepts of <a href="/wiki/Recluse" title="Recluse">reclusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-denial" title="Self-denial">self-denial</a> and self-effacing <a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">humility</a> from <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and these thoughts found fertile ground in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B1#実名敬避俗" class="extiw" title="ja:諱">実名敬避俗</a> <i>mjitsumei keihizoku</i>, the avoidance of real names, became fashionable and even de rigueur amongst the educated classes--<a href="/wiki/Scholar-official" title="Scholar-official">literati</a> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:文人">ja:文人</a>) poets, artists and monks, as well as courtiers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern Japan, it is common practice to call people by their titles instead of their names (even within the family),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and online, Japanese people tend to use <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym#Online_activity" title="Pseudonym">handles</a> rather than personal names (see also <a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese names</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, Japanese people, including commoners, used multiple names.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samurai#Names" title="Samurai">Samurai names</a> changed throughout one's lifetime, depending on stage of life (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Genpuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Genpuku">coming of age</a>), through titles associated with official positions, allegiance, and finay with Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Necronyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Necronyms">necronyms</a> after death (q.v. <a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Kaimyō</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these are not normally referred to as Bugō unless used within a martial arts training setting (<a href="/wiki/Dojo" title="Dojo">dōjō</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%AB_(school)" title="Ryū (school)">ryūha</a>). </p><p>For example, <a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a>'s various names included 藤原 Fujiwara (lineage), 宮本 Miyamoto (village origin), 新免 Shinmen (name of father's lord), 辨助 Bennosuke (childhood name), 武蔵 Musashi (title; also possibly read "Takezō" as a personal name), 玄信 ("imina", read as Harunobu, Motonobu and/or Genshin), 二天 Niten (mainly in his <a href="/wiki/Ink_wash_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ink wash paintings">suiboku</a> paintings), 二天道楽 Niten Dōraku, etc. People still debate which of these names were really used, in what ways, and how they were read.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> personal names and <a href="/wiki/Yag%C5%8D" title="Yagō">Yagō</a>, it is common for students to include a character from the teacher's Bugō as a mark of respect and to ensure continuity of the <a href="/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)" title="Lineage (anthropology)">lineage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases the name would not be chosen by the practitioner/student, but chosen for them by the teacher - see many examples below. </p><p>Similar customs can be found outside Asia: for example <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard "the Lionheart"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_the_Jackal" title="Carlos the Jackal">Carlos the Jackal</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Ring_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring names">ring names</a> used by modern sports martial artists. In addition, warrior names are found amongst the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and forest dwellers of French Guiana.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples/types"><span id="Examples.2Ftypes"></span>Examples/types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples/types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bugei Ryūha Daijiten directory of historical martial arts schools lists Bugō for many within the various lineages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(martial_arts)" title="Grandmaster (martial arts)">grandmasters</a> of <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%B9%8B%E7%9C%9F%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E6%B5%81" class="extiw" title="ja:真之真石川流">Shin-no-shin Ishikawa-ryū</a> always included the character <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BA%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:源">源</a> in their Bugō to indicate their founder's descent from the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto clan</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Itt%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Ittō-ryū">Ittō-ryū</a>'s founder <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Itt%C5%8Dsai" title="Itō Ittōsai">Itō Kagehisa</a> used the name "Ittō-sai" (一刀斎). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tenshin_Sh%C5%8Dden_Katori_Shint%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū">Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū</a> founder Iizasa Ienao used the name "Chōi-sai" (長威斎). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yagy%C5%AB_Munetoshi" title="Yagyū Munetoshi">Yagyū Munetoshi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shinkage-ry%C5%AB" title="Shinkage-ryū">Shinkage-ryū</a> used the name "Sekishū-sai" (石舟斎). </p><p>The character <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:斎">斎</a> (-sai), meaning "study room", seen at the end of the three examples above is common to many martial artists of the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, principally because of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_four-character_idiom" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese four-character idiom">Japanese four-character idiom</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%A1%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:文武両道">"bunbu-ryōdō"</a> ("the pen and the sword in accord"), i.e. the link between martial arts and visual arts. Such 斎号 ("-sai names") are even now commonly used as posthumous Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma names</a> for artists or doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether a given individual intended them to be used as <a href="/wiki/Pen_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Pen names">pen names</a> or Bugō is not always clear. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu" title="Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu">Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu</a>'s founder <a href="/wiki/Takeda_S%C5%8Dkaku" title="Takeda Sōkaku">Takeda Sōkaku</a> used the Bugō "Minamoto Masayoshi" (源正義).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His student Yamamoto Tomekichi, founder of Mugen Shintō-ryū, was granted one character from Sōkaku's birth name 惣角, and one from his Bugō 源正義, combining them to make Kakuyoshi (角義). He also had a "-sai name", Ittō-sai (一刀斎) - coincidentally the same as that of Itō Kagehisa as seen above. </p><p>Furuoka Masaru, founder of Musō-ryū Iaigiri-dō, used the Bugō "Nitō-sai" (二刀斎) - another "-sai name", this time preceded with "two swords" instead of the Ittō-sai "one sword" meaning. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bujinkan" title="Bujinkan">Bujinkan</a> grandmaster <a href="/wiki/Masaaki_Hatsumi" title="Masaaki Hatsumi">Masaaki Hatsumi</a> has used different Bugō at different stages in his life (e.g. Byakuryū, Toratsugu, Tetsuzan, Hisamune),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did his teacher, <a href="/wiki/Toshitsugu_Takamatsu" title="Toshitsugu Takamatsu">Toshitsugu Takamatsu</a> (e.g. Kikaku, Chōsui, Mōko no Tora).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those training in this art are frequently awarded Bugō when they reach 5th <a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">dan</a> (instructor) level. Many of the names include either the character 龍 (ryū, dragon) or 虎 (ko, tiger), both derived from past names of Hatsumi and Takamatsu (e.g. Unryū 雲龍 = Cloud Dragon,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kiryū 輝龍 = Shining Dragon,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiryū 飛龍 = Flying Dragon,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanko = Southern Tiger).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of the two, 龍虎 (Ryūko) was awarded to Major Joe Vaughan.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most variants include animals (e.g. Shirokuma = Polar Bear,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taka Seigi = Hawk Justice,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isamu Koma 勇駒 = brave horse,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byakko 白狐 = White Fox,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ōzaru = Great Ape).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former students of Hatsumi similarly use martial names, e.g. Fumio "Unsui" Manaka,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsunehisa 'Shōtō' Tanemura.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A4%E9%87%91%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%9B" class="extiw" title="ja:佐藤金兵衛">Satō Kinbei</a>, a rather controversial figure who claimed also to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō (and "-sai name") "Jūshinsai" (柔心斎) and passed this to his daughter Chizuko, who became the "2nd generation Jūshinsai".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kimura Masaji, another claiming to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō "Masakatsu" (正勝).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_K._Hayes" title="Stephen K. Hayes">Stephen K. Hayes</a>'s <a href="/wiki/To-Shin_Do" title="To-Shin Do">To-Shin Do</a> are awarded warrior names on promotion to 3rd Dan, e.g. Kevin "Keitoshi" Casey.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://international.tenshinryu.net/">Tenshin ryū</a> website lists five instructors with Bugō, each granted to them by previous masters. </p><p>Shiina Kazue, grandmaster of <a href="/wiki/Hokushin_Itt%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Hokushin Ittō-ryū">Hokushin Ittō-ryū</a>, uses the Bugō "Naritane" (成胤). The character <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:胤">胤</a> (-tane) is common to several generations of grandmaster in this school. </p><p>Hidemine Jibiki, president of the All Japan Soft-Style Martial Arts Federation uses the Bugō "Buhō" (武峰).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nakajima Shōhitsu, grandmaster of <a href="/wiki/Shinkage-ry%C5%AB" title="Shinkage-ryū">Shinkage-ryū</a>, used the Bugō "Shōun" (勝雲). Seven of the past eight in the lineage have used the character <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:勝">勝</a> (meaning "to win") in their names.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Kidōkan <a href="/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido">Iaidō</a> Dōjō in Osaka, new Dan grades are awarded Bugō such as 不聆庵 <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring names">ring names</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Sum%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumō">sumo</a> wrestlers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yag%C5%8D" title="Yagō">Yagō</a>, pseudonyms used by Japanese actors or merchants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> (a.k.a. screen name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFalcaro2012" class="citation book cs1">Falcaro, David C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ojzUOOT0C0gC&q=Bugo+%22martial%7Cwarrior+name%22&pg=PA347"><i>Sogobujutsu: Psychology, Philosophy, Tradition</i></a>. p. 348. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781475936353" title="Special:BookSources/9781475936353"><bdi>9781475936353</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sogobujutsu%3A+Psychology%2C+Philosophy%2C+Tradition&rft.pages=348&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781475936353&rft.aulast=Falcaro&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DojzUOOT0C0gC%26q%3DBugo%2B%2522martial%257Cwarrior%2Bname%2522%26pg%3DPA347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.martialartsplanet.com/threads/nicknames.83104/">"Nicknames"</a>. <i>Martial Arts Planet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Martial+Arts+Planet&rft.atitle=Nicknames&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.martialartsplanet.com%2Fthreads%2Fnicknames.83104%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bujinkantorino.it/img/imgprova/Archivio/Glossario.pdf">"GLOSSARIO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bujinkan Torino Rakuyū Dōjō<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GLOSSARIO&rft.pub=Bujinkan+Torino+Rakuy%C5%AB+D%C5%8Dj%C5%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bujinkantorino.it%2Fimg%2Fimgprova%2FArchivio%2FGlossario.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrazer1922" class="citation book cs1">Frazer, James George (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924021569128"><i>The golden bough; a study in magic and religion</i></a>. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924021569128/page/n261">244</a>-262<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+golden+bough%3B+a+study+in+magic+and+religion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=244-262&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=James+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924021569128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFelecan2019" class="citation book cs1">Felecan, Oliviu (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YtWZDwAAQBAJ&q=%22imina%22+%27name+to+be+avoided+due+to+death+or+other+taboos%27&pg=PA99"><i>Onomastics between Sacred and Profane</i></a>. Vernon Press. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781622735570" title="Special:BookSources/9781622735570"><bdi>9781622735570</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onomastics+between+Sacred+and+Profane&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Vernon+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781622735570&rft.aulast=Felecan&rft.aufirst=Oliviu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYtWZDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522imina%2522%2B%2527name%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bavoided%2Bdue%2Bto%2Bdeath%2Bor%2Bother%2Btaboos%2527%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichter2002" class="citation book cs1">Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oO7bOfc3ueAC&q=%22Neo-Confucianism%22%7CConfucianism++self-denial%7Cself-effacing+humility+Japan&pg=PA16"><i>Redesigning Asian Business: In the Aftermath of Crisis</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781567205251" title="Special:BookSources/9781567205251"><bdi>9781567205251</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redesigning+Asian+Business%3A+In+the+Aftermath+of+Crisis&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781567205251&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Frank-J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoO7bOfc3ueAC%26q%3D%2522Neo-Confucianism%2522%257CConfucianism%2B%2Bself-denial%257Cself-effacing%2Bhumility%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollazo2017" class="citation journal cs1">Collazo, Anja M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325391826">"Japanese personal names as social markers of rank and individuality in premodern and contemporary times"</a>. <i>Beiträge zur Namenforschung</i>. <b>52</b> (3). Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag WINTER GmbH: 251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Namenforschung&rft.atitle=Japanese+personal+names+as+social+markers+of+rank+and+individuality+in+premodern+and+contemporary+times&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=251&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Collazo&rft.aufirst=Anja+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F325391826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYamadaKelmVictor2017" class="citation book cs1">Yamada, Haru; Kelm, Orlando R.; Victor, David A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KmkwDwAAQBAJ&q=Japan+common+practice+call+people+by+titles+names&pg=PA11"><i>The 7 Keys to Communicating in Japan: An Intercultural Approach</i></a>. Georgetown University Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626164772" title="Special:BookSources/9781626164772"><bdi>9781626164772</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+7+Keys+to+Communicating+in+Japan%3A+An+Intercultural+Approach&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781626164772&rft.aulast=Yamada&rft.aufirst=Haru&rft.au=Kelm%2C+Orlando+R.&rft.au=Victor%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKmkwDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DJapan%2Bcommon%2Bpractice%2Bcall%2Bpeople%2Bby%2Btitles%2Bnames%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHays2012" class="citation web cs1">Hays, Jeffrey (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat18/sub113/item601.html#chapter-2">"Japanese Names, Titles, First Names, Family Names and Hankos"</a>. <i>factsanddetails.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factsanddetails.com&rft.atitle=Japanese+Names%2C+Titles%2C+First+Names%2C+Family+Names+and+Hankos&rft.date=2012-08&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactsanddetails.com%2Fjapan%2Fcat18%2Fsub113%2Fitem601.html%23chapter-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrotoski2012" class="citation news cs1">Krotoski, Aleks (19 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/19/online-identity-authenticity-anonymity">"Online identity: is authenticity or anonymity more important?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Online+identity%3A+is+authenticity+or+anonymity+more+important%3F&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Krotoski&rft.aufirst=Aleks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2012%2Fapr%2F19%2Fonline-identity-authenticity-anonymity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGroemer2019" class="citation book cs1">Groemer, Gerald (28 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H6KaDwAAQBAJ&q=warrior+name&pg=PA130"><i>Portraits of Edo and Early Modern Japan</i></a>. Springer. p. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811373763" title="Special:BookSources/9789811373763"><bdi>9789811373763</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portraits+of+Edo+and+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft.isbn=9789811373763&rft.aulast=Groemer&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH6KaDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwarrior%2Bname%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaporis2019" class="citation book cs1">Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lPaKDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Samurai%22+name+genpuku%7C%22coming+of+age%22+Buddhist+posthumous%7Cnecronym%7CKaimy%C5%8D%7Ch%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D&pg=PA197"><i>Samurai: An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440842719" title="Special:BookSources/9781440842719"><bdi>9781440842719</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samurai%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Japan%27s+Cultured+Warriors&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781440842719&rft.aulast=Vaporis&rft.aufirst=Constantine+Nomikos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlPaKDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Samurai%2522%2Bname%2Bgenpuku%257C%2522coming%2Bof%2Bage%2522%2BBuddhist%2Bposthumous%257Cnecronym%257CKaimy%25C5%258D%257Ch%25C5%258Dmy%25C5%258D%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323042528/http://www.geocities.jp/themusasi1/ref/t012.html">"小倉碑文"</a>. <i>www.geocities.jp</i> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.jp/themusasi1/ref/t012.html">the original</a> on 23 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geocities.jp&rft.atitle=%E5%B0%8F%E5%80%89%E7%A2%91%E6%96%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.jp%2Fthemusasi1%2Fref%2Ft012.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://59s-hibikor.doorblog.jp/archives/12125343.html">"主君から「字」をもらう風習｜名前の話04"</a>. <i>59'S 日々是口実</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=59%27S+%E6%97%A5%E3%80%85%E6%98%AF%E5%8F%A3%E5%AE%9F&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%BB%E5%90%9B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%80%8C%E5%AD%97%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%86%E9%A2%A8%E7%BF%92%EF%BD%9C%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%B104&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F59s-hibikor.doorblog.jp%2Farchives%2F12125343.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoasHunt1921" class="citation book cs1">Boas, Franz; Hunt, George (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnologyofkwaki02boas/page/828"><i>Ethnology of the Kwakiutl, based on data collected by George Hunt</i></a>. Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. <span class="nowrap">828–</span>829, <span class="nowrap">1365–</span>1366<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnology+of+the+Kwakiutl%2C+based+on+data+collected+by+George+Hunt&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E828-%3C%2Fspan%3E829%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1365-%3C%2Fspan%3E1366&rft.pub=Washington%2C+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Boas&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft.au=Hunt%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethnologyofkwaki02boas%2Fpage%2F828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrice2010" class="citation book cs1">Price, Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5qR-CV5-FBcC&q=%22martial+name%22%7C%22warrior+name%22&pg=PA63"><i>Travels with Tooy: History, Memory, and the African American Imagination</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226680576" title="Special:BookSources/9780226680576"><bdi>9780226680576</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+with+Tooy%3A+History%2C+Memory%2C+and+the+African+American+Imagination&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780226680576&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5qR-CV5-FBcC%26q%3D%2522martial%2Bname%2522%257C%2522warrior%2Bname%2522%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-butsudan.com/02_kaimyou.html">"戒名"</a>. <i>「いい仏壇」</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E4%BB%8F%E5%A3%87%E3%80%8D&rft.atitle=%E6%88%92%E5%90%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-butsudan.com%2F02_kaimyou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160515203503/http://www.daitouryu.net/1149056125093">"合気揚げの秘密と時代背景"</a>. <i>www.daitouryu.net</i> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daitouryu.net/1149056125093/">the original</a> on 15 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.daitouryu.net&rft.atitle=%E5%90%88%E6%B0%97%E6%8F%9A%E3%81%92%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E3%81%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daitouryu.net%2F1149056125093%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bushidojo.wordpress.com/2012/06/22/los-bugo-de-hatsumi-soke/">"Los "Bugo" de Hatsumi Sôke"</a>. <i>Bushi Dojo Blog - Artes Marciales y más</i> (in European Spanish). 22 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bushi+Dojo+Blog+-+Artes+Marciales+y+m%C3%A1s&rft.atitle=Los+%22Bugo%22+de+Hatsumi+S%C3%B4ke&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbushidojo.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F06%2F22%2Flos-bugo-de-hatsumi-soke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHatsumi1988" class="citation book cs1">Hatsumi, Masaaki (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=36zuAAAAMAAJ&q=martial+name"><i>Essence of Ninjutsu</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 9, 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809247240" title="Special:BookSources/9780809247240"><bdi>9780809247240</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essence+of+Ninjutsu&rft.pages=9%2C+54&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780809247240&rft.aulast=Hatsumi&rft.aufirst=Masaaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D36zuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmartial%2Bname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genbukan.eu/en/grandmasters/">"Grandmasters"</a>. <i>Genbukan Chiryaku Dojo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genbukan+Chiryaku+Dojo&rft.atitle=Grandmasters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genbukan.eu%2Fen%2Fgrandmasters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGonzález" class="citation web cs1">González, Pedro Fleitas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bujinkanpedrofleitas.com/bujinkandojo/bujinkanunryudojo/index.html">"Bujinkan Unryū Dōjō"</a>. <i>www.bujinkanpedrofleitas.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bujinkanpedrofleitas.com&rft.atitle=Bujinkan+Unry%C5%AB+D%C5%8Dj%C5%8D&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Pedro+Fleitas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bujinkanpedrofleitas.com%2Fbujinkandojo%2Fbujinkanunryudojo%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEsteve" class="citation web cs1">Esteve, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cife.group/es/cejam#Item02">"SOBRE EL NOMBRE DEL DOJO"</a>. <i>cife.group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cife.group&rft.atitle=SOBRE+EL+NOMBRE+DEL+DOJO&rft.aulast=Esteve&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcife.group%2Fes%2Fcejam%23Item02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSantantonio2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Santantonio, Giuseppe (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bujinkantarantodojo.wordpress.com/ishizuka-tetsuji/">"ISHIZUKA TETSUJI"</a>. <i>Bujinkantarantodojo's Blog</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bujinkantarantodojo%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=ISHIZUKA+TETSUJI&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Santantonio&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbujinkantarantodojo.wordpress.com%2Fishizuka-tetsuji%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bujinkantasmaniadojo.wixsite.com/bujinkan-tasmania/instructor">"Instructor 師範"</a>. <i>Bujinkan Tasmania Dojo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bujinkan+Tasmania+Dojo&rft.atitle=Instructor+%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbujinkantasmaniadojo.wixsite.com%2Fbujinkan-tasmania%2Finstructor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ryuko.co.uk/about.php">"About Bujinkan Ryuko Dojo"</a>. <i>Bujinkan Ryuko Dojo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bujinkan+Ryuko+Dojo&rft.atitle=About+Bujinkan+Ryuko+Dojo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ryuko.co.uk%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCousergue" class="citation web cs1">Cousergue, Arnaud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kumablog.org/shiro%C2%A0kuma/">"Shiro Kuma"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiro+Kuma&rft.aulast=Cousergue&rft.aufirst=Arnaud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkumablog.org%2Fshiro%25C2%25A0kuma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930182624/http://takaseigi.com/about-us/phil-legare/">"Phil Legare — Taka Seigi"</a>. <i>Taka Seigi Dōjō</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://takaseigi.com/about-us/phil-legare/">the original</a> on 30 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taka+Seigi+D%C5%8Dj%C5%8D&rft.atitle=Phil+Legare+%E2%80%94+Taka+Seigi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftakaseigi.com%2Fabout-us%2Fphil-legare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bujin.altervista.org/bujinkan_budo_tai_jutsu_ninjutsu_masaaki_hatsumi.php">"Shihan Luca Lanaro"</a>. <i>bujin.altervista.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bujin.altervista.org&rft.atitle=Shihan+Luca+Lanaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbujin.altervista.org%2Fbujinkan_budo_tai_jutsu_ninjutsu_masaaki_hatsumi.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHvid2011" class="citation web cs1">Hvid, René (5 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://byattkodojo.wordpress.com/2011/03/05/byakko-shinden/">"The Budo of My Life"</a>. <i>Byakko Shinden</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Byakko+Shinden&rft.atitle=The+Budo+of+My+Life&rft.date=2011-03-05&rft.aulast=Hvid&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbyattkodojo.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F03%2F05%2Fbyakko-shinden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozaru.net/bujinkan/ozaru.html">"Ben Jones: Ōzaru"</a>. <i>www.ozaru.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ozaru.net&rft.atitle=Ben+Jones%3A+%C5%8Czaru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozaru.net%2Fbujinkan%2Fozaru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711142402/http://www.jinenkan.com/ennew/manaka.html">"Jinenkan Honbu Dojo"</a>. <i>www.jinenkan.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinenkan.com/ennew/manaka.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jinenkan.com&rft.atitle=Jinenkan+Honbu+Dojo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinenkan.com%2Fennew%2Fmanaka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uminekodojo.com/shoto-tanemura/">"Grandmaster Shoto Tanemura"</a>. <i>Genbukan Umineko Dōjō</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genbukan+Umineko+D%C5%8Dj%C5%8D&rft.atitle=Grandmaster+Shoto+Tanemura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uminekodojo.com%2Fshoto-tanemura%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSatō" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Satō, Chizuko. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jujutsu.com/jujutsu/html02/jujutsu-kenpou/n-2daime.htm">"jujutsu.com"</a>. <i>www.jujutsu.com</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jujutsu.com&rft.atitle=jujutsu.com&rft.aulast=Sat%C5%8D&rft.aufirst=Chizuko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jujutsu.com%2Fjujutsu%2Fhtml02%2Fjujutsu-kenpou%2Fn-2daime.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genbukan.com/index_shokai_kimura.html">"恩師紹介"</a>. <i>www.genbukan.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.genbukan.com&rft.atitle=%E6%81%A9%E5%B8%AB%E7%B4%B9%E4%BB%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genbukan.com%2Findex_shokai_kimura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyvP8n93WlQ">"Kimura Masaji 木村正治 (student of Takamatsu Sensei)"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 26 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Kimura+Masaji+%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%B2%BB+%28student+of+Takamatsu+Sensei%29&rft.date=2017-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlyvP8n93WlQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pguk.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Tuttle-FALL-2013.pdf">"New Titles and Backlist Highlights Fall 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tuttle. 2013. p. 68<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Titles+and+Backlist+Highlights+Fall+2013&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pguk.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FTuttle-FALL-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taikyokuken.co.jp/news/img/2017enbu.pdf">"中国柔挙演武大会"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9F%94%E6%8C%99%E6%BC%94%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaikyokuken.co.jp%2Fnews%2Fimg%2F2017enbu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shinkageryu-budoujyo.com/intoro.html">"神影流武道場 - 道場紹介"</a>. <i>www.shinkageryu-budoujyo.com</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shinkageryu-budoujyo.com&rft.atitle=%E7%A5%9E%E5%BD%B1%E6%B5%81%E6%AD%A6%E9%81%93%E5%A0%B4+-+%E9%81%93%E5%A0%B4%E7%B4%B9%E4%BB%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shinkageryu-budoujyo.com%2Fintoro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yomenoukigumo.blog136.fc2.com/blog-entry-764.html">"稽古日月抄－：[不聆庵」という武号"</a>. <i>夢の浮雲</i> (in Japanese). 真剣道・基道館<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%A2%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%B2&rft.atitle=%E7%A8%BD%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%8A%84%EF%BC%8D%EF%BC%9A%5B%E4%B8%8D%E8%81%86%E5%BA%B5%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E6%AD%A6%E5%8F%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyomenoukigumo.blog136.fc2.com%2Fblog-entry-764.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABug%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tenshinryuhyoho.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-1.html">「号」の文化について</a> - <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> article from Tenshin-ryū about the history of martial names</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fudoan.at.webry.info/201204/article_8.html">和号と庵号と武号</a> - <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> article by Takeharu Bruce Nakadai (Bugō: Hekishū-sai 碧洲齋) from 不動庵 about the thought process behind giving martial names to students</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bugō&oldid=1273359054">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bugō&oldid=1273359054</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_martial_arts_terminology" title="Category:Japanese martial arts terminology">Japanese martial arts terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_European_Spanish-language_sources_(es-es)" title="Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)">CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Japanese_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Japanese IPA">Pages with Japanese IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 February 2025, at 23:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bug%C5%8D&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bugō</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>1 language</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-txbcf","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.430","walltime":"0.511","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2000,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":66056,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":626,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":135741,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 470.731 1 -total"," 58.55% 275.619 1 Template:Reflist"," 33.30% 156.741 1 Template:Nihongo"," 27.55% 129.706 10 Template:Cite_book"," 21.74% 102.356 28 Template:Cite_web"," 6.29% 29.596 1 Template:IPA"," 5.59% 26.329 1 Template:Citation_needed"," 4.18% 19.683 1 Template:Fix"," 1.44% 6.783 1 Template:Delink"," 1.26% 5.910 1 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.316","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24484862,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-b45b9c74c-8bvq5","timestamp":"20250207205203","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bug\u014d","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bug%C5%8D","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q113580012","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q113580012","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-06-07T22:05:55Z","dateModified":"2025-02-01T23:15:06Z","headline":"nickname used in the Japanese martial arts"}</script> </body> </html>