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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Гл._таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гл._таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Гл. таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гл._таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Літаратура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Літаратура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Літаратура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Лёс (горная парода)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 55 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="راسب طفالي – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راسب طفالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Лёэс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лёэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Льос – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Льос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spra%C5%A1" title="Spraš – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spraš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ss" title="Løss – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Løss" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%ADso" title="Leŭso – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leŭso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA" title="بادرفت – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بادرفت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ssi" title="Lössi – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lössi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%93ss" title="Lœss – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lœss" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6s" title="Lös – паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lös" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="לס – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="लोयस – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोयस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les" title="Les – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Les" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6sz" title="Lösz – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lösz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Լյոս – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – ісландская" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F" title="黄土 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黄土" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლიოსი – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Лесс – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лесс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%ED%86%A0" title="황토 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweres" title="Gweres – корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gweres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81%D1%81" title="Лёсс – кіргізская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лёсс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кіргізская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – лімбургская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбургская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosas" title="Liosas – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോയസ്സ് – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോയസ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – ніжнесаксонская" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ніжнесаксонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ss" title="Løss – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Løss" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ss" title="Løss – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løss" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%93ss" title="Lœss – аксітанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lœss" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6%C3%9F" title="Löß – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Löß" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Less" title="Less – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Less" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesse" title="Loesse – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Loesse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81%D1%81" title="Лёсс – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лёсс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лес – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лес" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spra%C5%A1" title="Spraš – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spraš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puhlica" title="Puhlica – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Puhlica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лес – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ssjord" title="Lössjord – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lössjord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="லோயஸ் – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லோயஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6sler" title="Lösler – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lösler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лес – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyoss" title="Lyoss – узбекская" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lyoss" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%9F" title="黃土 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黃土" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22723#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&action=history" title="Ранейшыя версіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструменты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259B%25D1%2591%25D1%2581_%28%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%29"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_%28%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Loess" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22723" title="Спасылка на звязаны элемент рэпазітара даных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Вікіданых</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint dabhide">У паняцця ёсць і іншыя значэнні, гл. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96)" class="mw-disambig" title="Лёс (значэнні)">Лёс (значэнні)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:LoessVicksburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LoessVicksburg.jpg/250px-LoessVicksburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LoessVicksburg.jpg/375px-LoessVicksburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LoessVicksburg.jpg/500px-LoessVicksburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Лёс, геалагічнае агаленне, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Штат Місісіпі">штат Місісіпі</a>, ЗША.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Лёс</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова">ням.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="de">Löß ці Löss</span>) — неслаістая, аднастайная, тонказярністая вапняковістая асадкавая <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Горная парода">горная парода</a> светла-жоўтага або палевага колеру. У яе складзе пераважаюць часціцы 0,01—0,05 мм; найбольш буйныя зерні складаюцца звычайна з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц">кварцу</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Палявы шпат (няма такой старонкі)">палявога шпату</a>, а таксама карбанатаў. Высокая порыстасць (да 50 %). </p><p>Залягае ў выглядзе покрываў на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Водападзел">водападзелах</a> і схілах (магутнасць ад некалькіх метраў да 100—200 м на водападзелах). Для лёсу характэрна вертыкальная слупкаватая адасобленасць, прасадачнасць, пераслойванне з пахаванымі <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Глеба">глебамі</a>, наяўнасць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Ракавіна малюскаў">ракавін</a> наземных <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Малюскі">малюскаў</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Вапняк">вапнавых</a> канкрэцый. Пры малой прыроднай вільготнасці лёс вельмі трывалы і здольны захоўваць устойлівыя вертыкальныя адхоны вышынй 10 м і больш; здольны даваць прасадкі пры ўвільгатненні </p><p>Лёс занальны, прымеркаваны да абласцей <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Умераны клімат">умеранага клімату</a>, пашыраны ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BF" title="Стэп">стэпавых</a> і паўпустынных раёнах. Ён з’яўляецца глебаўтваральнай пародай для <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%91%D0%BC" title="Чарназём">чарназёмаў</a> і каштанавых глеб. Пашыраны ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай">Кітаі</a> (напр., <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Лёсавае плато">Лёсавае плато</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сярэдняя Азія">Сярэдняй Азіі</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80" title="Заходняя Сібір">Заходняй Сібіры</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Паўночны Каўказ">Паўночным Каўказе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украіна">Украіне</a> і інш. </p><p>Існуе некалькі тэорый паходжання лёсу, найбольш вядомыя эолавая і ледавіковая. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гл._таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Гл. таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Гл. таксама" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гл. таксама"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Лёсападобныя пароды">Лёсападобныя пароды</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Літаратура"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Літаратура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Літаратура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Літаратура"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБелЭн1999"><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Валерый Станіслававіч Аношка">Аношка В.</a></i> Лёс // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Беларуская энцыклапедыя">Беларуская энцыклапедыя</a>: У 18 т. Т. 9: Кулібін — Малаіта / Рэдкал.: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Генадзь Пятровіч Пашкоў">Г. П. Пашкоў</a> і інш. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Мінск">Мн.</span> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі">БелЭн</a>, 1999. — Т. 9. — 560 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851100358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0035-8</a>. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851101559" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0155-9</a> (т. 9).</span></li> <li><i>Cailleux A.,</i> Les loe de Franc., Приклонский В. А., Ананьев В. П., Лёссовые породы СССР и их строительные свойства, ч. 1, Л., 1959.</li> <li><i>Guenther E. W.</i>, Sedimentpetrographische Untersuchung von Lössen, Tl 1, Köln, Graz, 1961.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навігацыйны шаблон" data-name="External links" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist toCollapsibleCount navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; 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