CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Grace Bumbry - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7dc52cd0-d456-499a-8e62-a7a8a85ef769","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Grace_Bumbry","wgTitle":"Grace Bumbry","wgCurRevisionId":1259303441,"wgRevisionId":1259303441,"wgArticleId":764740,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use mdy dates from May 2023","Articles with hCards","All articles that may have off-topic sections","Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from December 2023","Commons category link from Wikidata","1937 births","2023 deaths","20th-century African-American women singers","20th-century American women opera singers","21st-century African-American women singers", "21st-century American women opera singers","African-American women opera singers","American operatic mezzo-sopranos","American operatic sopranos","Bienen School of Music alumni","Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni","Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres","Deutsche Grammophon artists","Grammy Award winners","Kennedy Center honorees","Music Academy of the West alumni","Singers from St. Louis","Sumner High School (St. Louis) alumni","Winners of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Grace_Bumbry","wgRelevantArticleId":764740,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q451180","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options": "loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="862"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg/800px-Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="575"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg/640px-Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="460"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Grace Bumbry - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Grace_Bumbry rootpage-Grace_Bumbry skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Grace+Bumbry" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Grace+Bumbry" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Grace+Bumbry" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Grace+Bumbry" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>International popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soprano_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soprano_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Soprano roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soprano_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocal_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocal_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vocal range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocal_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recordings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recordings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recordings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Videos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Videos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grace Bumbry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گریس بامبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گریس بامبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Գրեյս Բամբրի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրեյս Բամբրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جريس بومبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريس بومبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="グレース・バンブリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレース・バンブリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grace Bumbry" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Бамбри, Грейс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бамбри, Грейс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%95%BE%E7%B5%B2%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E5%B8%83%E9%BA%97" title="格蕾絲·班布麗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格蕾絲·班布麗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q451180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Grace_Bumbry" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Bumbry"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Bumbry"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Grace_Bumbry" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Grace_Bumbry" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&oldid=1259303441" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Grace_Bumbry&id=1259303441&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrace_Bumbry"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrace_Bumbry"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Grace_Bumbry&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grace_Bumbry" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q451180" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American opera singer (1937–2023)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Grace Bumbry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg/279px-Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="279" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg/418px-Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg/557px-Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bumbry at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> for the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Grace Melzia Bumbry</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1937-01-04</span>)</span>January 4, 1937<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 7, 2023<span style="display:none">(2023-05-07)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Vienna, Austria</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Opera singer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1958–2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Edwin Jaeckel</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1963; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1972)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grace Melzia Bumbry</b> (January 4, 1937 – May 7, 2023) was an American opera singer, considered one of the leading <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-sopranos</a> of her generation, who also ventured to <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> roles. She belonged to a pioneering generation of African-American classical singers, led by <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a>. She was recognized internationally when <a href="/wiki/Wieland_Wagner" title="Wieland Wagner">Wieland Wagner</a> cast her for the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuth Festival</a> as Venus in <i><a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a></i>, the first black singer to appear at the festival. </p><p>Bumbry's voice was rich and dynamic, possessing a wide range, and was capable of producing a very distinctive plangent tone. In her prime, she also possessed good agility and <a href="/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">bel canto</a> technique, as for example her rendition of Eboli in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Carlo">Don Carlo</a></i> in the 1970s and 1980s. She was particularly noted for her fiery temperament and dramatic intensity on stage. Later, she also became known as a recitalist and interpreter of <a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">lieder</a>, and as a teacher. From the late 1980s on, she concentrated her career in Europe, rather than in the United States. A long-time resident of Switzerland, she spent her last years in Vienna. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grace Ann Melzia Bumbry was born in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, on January 4, 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the third child of Benjamin Bumbry, a railroad freight handler, and Melzia Bumbry, a teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were a family of modest means, deeply religious and highly musical.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bumbry trained in classical piano beginning at age 7, but determined she would become a singer after seeing <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a> in concert.<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gates_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She joined the local Methodist choir at age 12, and performed as a soloist in a school production of Handel's <i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)" title="Messiah (Handel)">Messiah</a></i>. She listened to Anderson on radio and in recordings "at every opportunity",<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also inspired to become a singer by listening to the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Symphony_Orchestra" title="St. Louis Symphony Orchestra">St. Louis Symphony</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Golschmann" title="Vladimir Golschmann">Vladimir Golschmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bumbry graduated from the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Sumner_High_School_(St._Louis)" title="Sumner High School (St. Louis)">Charles Sumner High School</a>, the first black high school west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later credited Kenneth Billups, her voice teacher at Sumner (together with a later teacher, Armand Tokatyan of Santa Barbara) for her "vocal prowess". At age 17, at the urging of Billups and Sara Hopes, her choir director, she entered and won a teen talent contest sponsored by St. Louis radio station <a href="/wiki/KMOX" title="KMOX">KMOX</a>. Prizes for first place included a $1,000 <a href="/wiki/War_bond" title="War bond">war bond</a>, a trip to New York, and a scholarship to the St. Louis Institute of Music. However, the institution <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">excluded African Americans</a>, and her parents refused the offer of private lessons instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Embarrassed, the contest promoters arranged for her to appear on <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Godfrey" title="Arthur Godfrey">Arthur Godfrey</a>'s national radio broadcast <i>Talent Scouts</i> program, singing Verdi's aria "O don fatale" from <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos" title="Don Carlos">Don Carlos</a></i>. It moved Godfrey to tears.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of that performance led to an opportunity to study at the <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_College_of_Fine_Arts" title="Boston University College of Fine Arts">Boston University College of Fine Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later transferred to <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she met <a href="/wiki/Lotte_Lehmann" title="Lotte Lehmann">Lotte Lehmann</a>, a German dramatic soprano, especially for <a href="/wiki/Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner">Wagner</a> roles, who gave master classes there and was impressed. </p><p>Lehmann invited Bumbry to study with her in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>. Initially planned for just the summer of 1955, Bumbry remained on a scholarship by Lehmann<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for three and a half years. During this time, she studied piano and theory (with <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_S%C3%A1ndor" title="György Sándor">György Sándor</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then studied further interpretation and languages, and attended the summer programm of the <a href="/wiki/Music_Academy_of_the_West" title="Music Academy of the West">Music Academy of the West</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montecito,_California" title="Montecito, California">Montecito</a> in three consecutive years, 1956, 57 and 58.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lehmann was also her mentor in her early career.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bumbry also studied with renowned teachers <a href="/wiki/Marinka_Gurewich" title="Marinka Gurewich">Marinka Gurewich</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Armand_Tokatyan" title="Armand Tokatyan">Armand Tokatyan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She studied singing lieder with <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernac" title="Pierre Bernac">Pierre Bernac</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1958, she was a joint winner of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_National_Council_Auditions" title="Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions">Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions</a> with soprano <a href="/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo">Martina Arroyo</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later that year, she made her recital debut in Paris. Bumbry made her operatic debut in 1960 when she sang Amneris in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Opera_Garnier" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Garnier">Paris Opéra</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that same year she joined the <a href="/wiki/Basel_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Basel Opera">Basel Opera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she was based for four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her roles there included Bizet's <a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a>, Dalila in <i><a href="/wiki/Samson_et_Dalila" class="mw-redirect" title="Samson et Dalila">Samson et Dalila</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a>, Orfeo in Gluck's <i><a href="/wiki/Orfeo_ed_Euridice" title="Orfeo ed Euridice">Orfeo ed Euridice</a></i>, and Verdi's <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Verdi)" title="Macbeth (Verdi)">Lady Macbeth</a> and Azucena.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_popularity">International popularity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bumbry gained international renown when she was cast by <a href="/wiki/Wieland_Wagner" title="Wieland Wagner">Wieland Wagner</a>, Wagner's grandson, as Venus in <i><a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a></i> at the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuth Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bayreuth_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayreuth-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at age 24, the first black singer to appear there, which earned her the nickname "Black Venus".<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cast included <a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a> as Elisabeth, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Windgassen" title="Wolfgang Windgassen">Wolfgang Windgassen</a> in the title role,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> as Wolfram, and the opera was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sawallisch" title="Wolfgang Sawallisch">Wolfgang Sawallisch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She caused a sensation;<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while conservative opera-goers were outraged at the idea, Bumbry's performance was so moving that by the end of the opera she had won the audience over and they applauded for 30 minutes, necessitating 42 <a href="/wiki/Curtain_call" title="Curtain call">curtain calls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ensuing furor in the media made Bumbry an international <i><a href="/wiki/Cause_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre" title="Cause célèbre">cause célèbre</a></i>. She was invited by <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline Kennedy">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> to sing at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt-8may2023_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-8may2023-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She returned to the White House in 1981, singing at the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan inauguration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wapo-20jan1981_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo-20jan1981-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1962, she starred in the title role of the musical <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Jones" title="Carmen Jones">Carmen Jones</a></i> in a studio cast album recorded in London with British performers and an orchestra conducted by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Alwyn" title="Kenneth Alwyn">Kenneth Alwyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bumbry made her debut at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> in London in 1963 as Eboli, alongside <a href="/wiki/Boris_Christoff" title="Boris Christoff">Boris Christoff</a> as the king and <a href="/wiki/Tito_Gobbi" title="Tito Gobbi">Tito Gobbi</a> as Posa, in a 1958 production by <a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a>. In 1964, she made her debut at the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> as Santuzza in Mascagni's <i><a href="/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> as Verdi's Lady Macbeth, opposite Fischer-Dieskau's Macbeth.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She made her debut at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> in New York City in 1965, again as Eboli.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reviewer noted: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>She sang the 'veil song' beautifully with a light coloration not easy for mezzos to come by, but she also had the full range of stops to make "O Don Fatale" an experience in musical drama rather than merely an exercise in vocal agility.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1966 she appeared as Carmen opposite <a href="/wiki/Jon_Vickers" title="Jon Vickers">Jon Vickers</a>'s Don José in two different lauded productions, one with conductor <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a> in Salzburg,<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the other for her debut with the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She first appeared at <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> in Milan as Azucena.<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She returned to the San Francisco Opera in 1967 for her first performance of Laura Adorno in Ponchielli's <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i> alongside <a href="/wiki/Leyla_Gencer" title="Leyla Gencer">Leyla Gencer</a> in the title role, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Cioni" title="Renato Cioni">Renato Cioni</a> as Enzo Grimaldi, <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Forrester" title="Maureen Forrester">Maureen Forrester</a> as La Cieca and <a href="/wiki/Chester_Ludgin" title="Chester Ludgin">Chester Ludgin</a> as Barnaba.<sup id="cite_ref-sfo-9may2023_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfo-9may2023-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major mezzo-soprano roles in her repertoire included the title role in Massenet's <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rodiade" title="Hérodiade">Hérodiade</a></i>, Ulrica in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Un_ballo_in_maschera" title="Un ballo in maschera">Un ballo in maschera</a></i>, and the title role of <i><a href="/wiki/Telemaco_(Gluck)" title="Telemaco (Gluck)">Telemaco</a></i>. In 1990, she appeared as both Cassandre and Didon in <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Troyens" title="Les Troyens">Les Troyens</a></i> by Berlioz for the opening of the Opera Bastille in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soprano_roles">Soprano roles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soprano roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27,_Barcellona_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27%2C_Barcellona_1974.jpg/180px-Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27%2C_Barcellona_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27%2C_Barcellona_1974.jpg/270px-Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27%2C_Barcellona_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27%2C_Barcellona_1974.jpg/360px-Ino_Savini_con_Grace_Bumbry_-_%27Gioconda%27%2C_Barcellona_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="2350" /></a><figcaption>As La Gioconda with Ino Savini at the <a href="/wiki/Liceu" title="Liceu">Liceu</a> in Barcelona in 1974</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1970s, Bumbry, having recorded many soprano arias, began taking on soprano roles on stage. The first official soprano role was <a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a> by Richard Strauss at the Royal Opera House in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She first appeared as Puccini's <a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a> at the Metropolitan Opera in 1971, and then at La Scala in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later roles at the Metropolitan Opera included Leonora in both <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/La_forza_del_destino" title="La forza del destino">La forza del destino</a></i> and Bess in Gershwin's <i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kesting_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She also took on more unusual roles, such as Janáček's <a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%AFfa" title="Jenůfa">Jenůfa</a> (in Italian) at La Scala in 1974, with <a href="/wiki/Magda_Olivero" title="Magda Olivero">Magda Olivero</a> as the Kostelnička, and Ariane in <i><a href="/wiki/Ariane_et_Barbe-bleue" title="Ariane et Barbe-bleue">Ariane et Barbe-bleue</a></i> by Paul Dukas in Paris in 1975. Bumbry first appeared as Norma in 1977 in <a href="/wiki/Martina_Franca" title="Martina Franca">Martina Franca</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-ow-27jul2022_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ow-27jul2022-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, she sang both Adalgisa and Norma in the same production at the Royal Opera House, first opposite <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a> as Norma; later with <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Veasey" title="Josephine Veasey">Josephine Veasey</a> as Adalgisa.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She first performed as Sélika in Meyerbeer's <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Africaine" title="L'Africaine">L'Africaine</a></i> in London in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She also assumed roles such as Abigaille in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Nabucco" title="Nabucco">Nabucco</a></i> and La Gioconda.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other noted soprano roles included Chimène in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cid_(opera)" title="Le Cid (opera)">Le Cid</a></i>, Elisabeth in <i>Tannhäuser</i>, and Elvira in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Ernani" title="Ernani">Ernani</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ow-8may2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kc-2009_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kc-2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998 she was interviewed by <a href="/wiki/August_Everding" title="August Everding">August Everding</a> for her career in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, Bumbry founded the Grace Bumbry Black Musical Heritage Ensemble, a group devoted to preserving and performing traditional Negro spirituals;<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strauss_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strauss-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she toured with the group.<sup id="cite_ref-Strauss_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strauss-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then devoted herself to teaching, judging international competitions, and to the concert stage, giving a series of recitals in 2001 and 2002 in honor of her teacher, <a href="/wiki/Lotte_Lehmann" title="Lotte Lehmann">Lotte Lehmann</a>, including at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Théâtre du Châtelet">Théâtre du Châtelet</a> in Paris, London's <a href="/wiki/Wigmore_Hall" title="Wigmore Hall">Wigmore Hall</a> and New York's <a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully_Hall" title="Alice Tully Hall">Alice Tully Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mwi-homage_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwi-homage-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was sometimes accompanied by pianist <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Peschko" title="Sebastian Peschko">Sebastian Peschko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gramophone_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gramophone-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, after an absence of many years from the opera stage, she performed in Scott Joplin's <i><a href="/wiki/Treemonisha" title="Treemonisha">Treemonisha</a></i> at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_Berlin" title="Deutsche Oper Berlin">Deutsche Oper Berlin</a> as the Old Lady in Bernstein's <i><a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a></i> in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally as the Countess in Tchaikovsky's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Spades_(opera)" title="The Queen of Spades (opera)">Pique Dame</a></i> at the Vienna State Opera on January 30, 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-ORF_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORF-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ozawa" title="Seiji Ozawa">Seiji Ozawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her advice to young singers was:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. What's the point of this trite quote? (December 2023)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To strive for excellence, that's the answer. If you strive for excellence, that means that you are determined. You will find a way to get to your goal, even if it means having to turn down some really great offers. You have to live with that, as you have to live with yourself.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, Bumbry married the Polish-born tenor Erwin Jaeckel.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They divorced in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Blum_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blum-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jack_V._Lunzer" title="Jack V. Lunzer">Jack V. Lunzer</a>, her long-term partner, died in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 20, 2022, Bumbry was on a flight from Vienna to New York when she had a stroke. Her health declined over the following months, and she died from related complications at a hospital in Vienna on May 7, 2023, at age 86.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ORF_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORF-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blum_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blum-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocal_range">Vocal range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vocal range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bumbry's career in the world of opera was a remarkable and long one, if somewhat controversial. Initially, Bumbry began her career as a mezzo-soprano, but later expanded her repertoire to include many dramatic <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> roles. In the mid-1970s and 1980s she considered herself a soprano; but in the 1990s, as her career approached its twilight, she often returned to mezzo roles.<sup id="cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ow-8may2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was one of the more successful singers who have made the transition from mezzo-soprano to soprano<sup id="cite_ref-ow-4jan2019_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ow-4jan2019-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (along with her compatriot and contemporary <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Verrett" title="Shirley Verrett">Shirley Verrett</a>, as well as contemporary Welsh mezzo-sorano-turned-soprano <a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Jones_(soprano)" title="Gwyneth Jones (soprano)">Gwyneth Jones</a>); however, audiences and critics were divided over whether she was a "true" soprano. Nonetheless, she sang major soprano roles at most major opera houses around the world up until the end of her operatic career in the 1990s—singing Puccini's <a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a> at the Royal Opera House in 1993. Her main operatic career spanned from 1960, her debut in Paris as Amneris, to 1997 as Klytämnestra in Lyon.<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bumbry's earliest recordings are of <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorios</a> made in the late 1950s with the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Symphony" title="Utah Symphony">Utah Symphony</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Handel's <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_in_Egypt" title="Israel in Egypt">Israel in Egypt</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabaeus_(Handel)" title="Judas Maccabaeus (Handel)">Judas Maccabeus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gramophone_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gramophone-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-am-early_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-am-early-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She recorded Handel's <i>Messiah</i><sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in London in 1961<sup id="cite_ref-Gramophone_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gramophone-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Boult" title="Adrian Boult">Adrian Boult</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(singer)" title="Kenneth McKellar (singer)">Kenneth McKellar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blyth_6-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In aria compilations, she included both mezzo and soprano repertoire early.<sup id="cite_ref-Gramophone_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gramophone-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of her recorded legacy is from her mezzo period, including at least two recordings of <i>Carmen</i><sup id="cite_ref-gram-9may2023_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gram-9may2023-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hf-carmen_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hf-carmen-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and recordings with her as Amneris,<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venus (with <a href="/wiki/Anja_Silja" title="Anja Silja">Anja Silja</a> as Elisabeth, from the 1962 Bayreuth Festival), Eboli, Abigaille, Orfeo, Lady Macbeth (from the 1984 Salzburg Festival),<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Verdi's <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Verdi)" title="Requiem (Verdi)">Messa da Requiem</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a> in April 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-euro-messa_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euro-messa-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there are no commercially released complete studio opera recordings with her in a soprano role, live performances were recorded of <i>Le Cid</i> (with the Opera Orchestra of New York),<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jenůfa</i> at La Scala,<sup id="cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Norma</i> in Martina Franca.<sup id="cite_ref-Gramophone_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gramophone-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ct-norma_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct-norma-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also recorded music for the musical <i>Carmen Jones</i>, based on the Bizet opera;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as operetta such as <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Zigeunerbaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Zigeunerbaron">Der Zigeunerbaron</a></i> by Johann Strauß.<sup id="cite_ref-am-early_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-am-early-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Videos">Videos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Videos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Opera_Centennial_Gala" title="The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala">The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala</a></i> (1983), Deutsche Grammophon/PolyGram, 073 453</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_Levine%27s_25th_Anniversary_Metropolitan_Opera_Gala" title="James Levine's 25th Anniversary Metropolitan Opera Gala">James Levine's 25th Anniversary Metropolitan Opera Gala</a></i> (1996), Deutsche Grammophon/Universal Classics, B0004602</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among other honors, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> Award, five Distinguished Alumna Awards from the Music Academy of the West and Italy's Premio Giuseppe Verdi were bestowed on Bumbry and she was named <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Commandeur des Arts et Lettres</a> by the <a href="/wiki/French_government" class="mw-redirect" title="French government">French government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ow-8may2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> in 1972 for <a href="/wiki/Best_Opera_Recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Opera Recording">Best Opera Recording</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ow-8may2023-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-as-1972_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-as-1972-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, Bumbry was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Walk_of_Fame" title="St. Louis Walk of Fame">St. Louis Walk of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, she was presented with The Arts for Life Lifetime Achievement Award by the <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson#Marian_Anderson_Award" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson Award Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2009, she was among those honored with the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a>, for her contribution to the performing arts.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kutsch/Riemens-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutsch/Riemens_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKutschRiemens2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Karl-Josef_Kutsch" title="Karl-Josef Kutsch">Kutsch, K.-J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leo_Riemens" title="Leo Riemens">Riemens, Leo</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dsfq_5dFeL0C&pg=644">"Bumbry, Grace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fes_S%C3%A4ngerlexikon" title="Großes Sängerlexikon">Großes Sängerlexikon</a></i> (in German) (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>. pp. 644–645. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-59-844088-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-59-844088-5"><bdi>978-3-59-844088-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bumbry%2C+Grace&rft.btitle=Gro%C3%9Fes+S%C3%A4ngerlexikon&rft.pages=644-645&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-59-844088-5&rft.aulast=Kutsch&rft.aufirst=K.-J.&rft.au=Riemens%2C+Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddsfq_5dFeL0C%26pg%3D644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/b/bo-bz/grace-bumbry/">"Singer – Grace Bumbry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kennedy Center">The Kennedy Center</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kennedy+Center&rft.atitle=Singer+%E2%80%93+Grace+Bumbry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kennedy-center.org%2Fartists%2Fb%2Fbo-bz%2Fgrace-bumbry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey1973" class="citation journal cs1">Bailey, Peter (December 1973). "Grace Bumbry: Singing Is Terrific—But Living Is an Art". <i><a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a></i>. <b>29</b> (2): 67–75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry%3A+Singing+Is+Terrific%E2%80%94But+Living+Is+an+Art&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=67-75&rft.date=1973-12&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kesting-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kesting_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKesting2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Kesting" title="Jürgen Kesting">Kesting, Jürgen</a> (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buehne-und-konzert/grace-bumbry-opernsaengerin-aus-den-usa-mit-86-jahren-gestorben-18878362.html">"Die schwarze Venus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Die+schwarze+Venus&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Kesting&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Ffeuilleton%2Fbuehne-und-konzert%2Fgrace-bumbry-opernsaengerin-aus-den-usa-mit-86-jahren-gestorben-18878362.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gates-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gates_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2023" class="citation news cs1">Gates, Brandon (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/05/08/1174875998/grace-bumbry-a-trailblazing-black-opera-singer-has-died-at-age-86">"Grace Bumbry, a trailblazing Black opera singer, has died at age 86"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry%2C+a+trailblazing+Black+opera+singer%2C+has+died+at+age+86&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F05%2F08%2F1174875998%2Fgrace-bumbry-a-trailblazing-black-opera-singer-has-died-at-age-86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blyth-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blyth_6-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlyth2023" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Blyth" title="Alan Blyth">Blyth, Alan</a> (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/08/grace-bumbry-obituary">"Grace Bumbry obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry+obituary&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Blyth&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2023%2Fmay%2F08%2Fgrace-bumbry-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2DC1331F933A25756C0A964958260">"Black History in St. Louis"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, May 10, 1992. Accessed December 11, 2007. "Sumner High School, the first school west of the Mississippi for blacks, established in 1875 (among graduates are Grace Bumbry, Arthur Ashe and Tina Turner)..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicacademy.org/alumni-search/">"Alumni Search – Music Academy"</a>. <i>musicacademy.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=musicacademy.org&rft.atitle=Alumni+Search+%E2%80%93+Music+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusicacademy.org%2Falumni-search%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Don_Michael_Randel" title="Don Michael Randel">Don Michael Randel</a> (Belknap Press, 1996), pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/25/obituaries/marinka-gurewich-a-voice-teacher-88.html">"Marinka Gurewich, A Voice Teacher, 88"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 25, 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Marinka+Gurewich%2C+A+Voice+Teacher%2C+88&rft.date=1990-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F12%2F25%2Fobituaries%2Fmarinka-gurewich-a-voice-teacher-88.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMovshon1977" class="citation news cs1">Movshon, George (January 2, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/02/archives/grace-melzia-bumbryfrom-playgirl-to-soprano-grace-bumbry.html">"Grace Melzia Bumbry – From Playgirl to Soprano"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Grace+Melzia+Bumbry+%E2%80%93+From+Playgirl+to+Soprano&rft.date=1977-01-02&rft.aulast=Movshon&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F01%2F02%2Farchives%2Fgrace-melzia-bumbryfrom-playgirl-to-soprano-grace-bumbry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoy2023" class="citation news cs1">Joy, Neemee (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snbc13.com/grace-bumbry-american-opera-singer-has-died-at-age-86-death-obituary/">"Grace Bumbry, American opera singer has died at age 86"</a>. <i>SNBC13.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SNBC13.com&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry%2C+American+opera+singer+has+died+at+age+86&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Joy&rft.aufirst=Neemee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnbc13.com%2Fgrace-bumbry-american-opera-singer-has-died-at-age-86-death-obituary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Shapiro, Yehuda (January 2007). "Amazing Grace". <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)">Opera</a></i>. Vol. 58, no. 1. pp. 20–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera&rft.atitle=Amazing+Grace&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20-23&rft.date=2007-01&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bayreuth-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bayreuth_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayreuther-festspiele.de/fsdb/mitwirkende/grace-bumbry/">"Grace Bumbry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuth Festival</a></i> (in German). 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bayreuth+Festival&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayreuther-festspiele.de%2Ffsdb%2Fmitwirkende%2Fgrace-bumbry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Sarah Bryan (May 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/culture-club/catching-up-with-diva-grace-bumbry/article_36bfa783-f1e3-5548-b60f-2add4ff6ed11.html">"Catching up with diva Grace Bumbry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch&rft.atitle=Catching+up+with+diva+Grace+Bumbry&rft.date=2016-05-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stltoday.com%2Fentertainment%2Farts-and-theatre%2Fculture-club%2Fcatching-up-with-diva-grace-bumbry%2Farticle_36bfa783-f1e3-5548-b60f-2add4ff6ed11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShengold2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Shengold, David (July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321172334/https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2015/7/Recordings/WAGNER__Tannh%C3%A4user.html">"Wagner: <i>Tannhäuser</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_News" title="Opera News">Opera News</a></i>. Vol. 80, no. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2015/7/Recordings/WAGNER__Tannh%C3%A4user.html">the original</a> on March 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera+News&rft.atitle=Wagner%3A+Tannh%C3%A4user&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2015-07&rft.aulast=Shengold&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.operanews.com%2FOpera_News_Magazine%2F2015%2F7%2FRecordings%2FWAGNER__Tannh%25C3%25A4user.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8398675.stm">"Barack Obama honours Bruce Springsteen at White House"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>, December 7, 2009. Accessed December 7, 2009. "Rock star Bruce Springsteen was presented with a Kennedy Center honour by President Barack Obama at a White House reception on Sunday. Actor Robert De Niro, comic Mel Brooks, jazz pianist and composer Dave Brubeck and opera singer Grace Bumbry were also honoured..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-8may2023-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-8may2023_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2023" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Alex (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/08/arts/music/grace-bumbry-dead.html">"Grace Bumbry, Barrier-Shattering Opera Diva, Is Dead at 86"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry%2C+Barrier-Shattering+Opera+Diva%2C+Is+Dead+at+86&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F05%2F08%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fgrace-bumbry-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-20jan1981-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-20jan1981_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenfeldMcLellan1981" class="citation news cs1">Rosenfeld, Megan; McLellan, Joseph (January 20, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/01/20/inaugural-gala/33995c28-3155-4d8e-8f3f-7d74cbe07e6f/">"Inaugural Gala"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Inaugural+Gala&rft.date=1981-01-20&rft.aulast=Rosenfeld&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft.au=McLellan%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1981%2F01%2F20%2Finaugural-gala%2F33995c28-3155-4d8e-8f3f-7d74cbe07e6f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rodgersandhammerstein.com/record/carmen-jones/1962-studio-cast-recording-2/">"Carmen Jones 1962 Studio Cast Recording"</a>. <i>Rodgers & Hammerstein</i>. May 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rodgers+%26+Hammerstein&rft.atitle=Carmen+Jones+1962+Studio+Cast+Recording&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frodgersandhammerstein.com%2Frecord%2Fcarmen-jones%2F1962-studio-cast-recording-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunner1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Brunner, Gerhard (November 1964). "Summer Festivals". <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)">Opera</a></i>. Vol. 15, no. 11. p. 722.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera&rft.atitle=Summer+Festivals&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=722&rft.date=1964-11&rft.aulast=Brunner&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1966" class="citation magazine cs1">Rosenthal, Harold (May 1966). "Coming Events". <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)">Opera</a></i>. Vol. 17, no. 5. p. 373.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera&rft.atitle=Coming+Events&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=373&rft.date=1966-05&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfo-9may2023-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfo-9may2023_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.sfopera.com/reports/rptOpera-id1059.pdf">"La Gioconda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Opera&rft.atitle=La+Gioconda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.sfopera.com%2Freports%2FrptOpera-id1059.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ow-27jul2022-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ow-27jul2022_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalazar2022" class="citation news cs1">Salazar, Francisco (July 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operawire.com/grace-bumbry-receives-award-in-martina-franca/">"Grace Bumbry Receives Award in Martina Franca"</a>. <i>OperaWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OperaWire&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry+Receives+Award+in+Martina+Franca&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Salazar&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperawire.com%2Fgrace-bumbry-receives-award-in-martina-franca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ow-8may2023-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ow-8may2023_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalazar2023" class="citation news cs1">Salazar, Francisco (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operawire.com/obituary-legendary-trailblazing-mezzo-soprano-grace-bumbry-dies-at-86/">"Obituary: Legendary & Trailblazing Mezzo-Soprano Grace Bumbry Dies at 86"</a>. <i>OperaWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OperaWire&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Legendary+%26+Trailblazing+Mezzo-Soprano+Grace+Bumbry+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Salazar&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperawire.com%2Fobituary-legendary-trailblazing-mezzo-soprano-grace-bumbry-dies-at-86%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kc-2009-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kc-2009_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/b/bo-bz/grace-bumbry/">"Grace Bumbry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kennedy Center">The Kennedy Center</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kennedy+Center&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kennedy-center.org%2Fartists%2Fb%2Fbo-bz%2Fgrace-bumbry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKuQwIdqVa8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKuQwIdqVa8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strauss-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strauss_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strauss_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss1996" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Strauss" title="Neil Strauss">Strauss, Neil</a> (February 15, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/15/arts/the-pop-life-045071.html">"The Pop Life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Pop+Life&rft.date=1996-02-15&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F02%2F15%2Farts%2Fthe-pop-life-045071.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mwi-homage-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mwi-homage_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2004" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Colin (October 4, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2004/oct04/bumbry_homage_lehmann.htm">"Grace Bumbry: A Homage to Lotte Lehmann"</a>. <i>MusicWeb International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MusicWeb+International&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry%3A+A+Homage+to+Lotte+Lehmann&rft.date=2004-10-04&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicweb-international.com%2Fclassrev%2F2004%2Foct04%2Fbumbry_homage_lehmann.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gramophone-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gramophone_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gramophone_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gramophone_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gramophone_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gramophone_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/grace-bumbry">"Grace Bumbry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_(magazine)" title="Gramophone (magazine)">Gramophone</a></i>. March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gramophone&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gramophone.co.uk%2Freview%2Fgrace-bumbry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuasthoff2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Quasthoff" title="Thomas Quasthoff">Quasthoff, Thomas</a> (June 17, 2008). <i>The Voice</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon Books</a>. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375424069" title="Special:BookSources/9780375424069"><bdi>9780375424069</bdi></a>. <q>Before taking over for the NDR department of Chamber Music and Song he was a successful pianist and accompanied such greats as Grace Bumbry...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voice&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=2008-06-17&rft.isbn=9780375424069&rft.aulast=Quasthoff&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUthmann2010" class="citation news cs1">Uthmann, Jorg von (April 12, 2010). "A fairy tale with a message: Joplin's <i>Treemonisha</i> debuts in Paris". <i>The Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=A+fairy+tale+with+a+message%3A+Joplin%27s+Treemonisha+debuts+in+Paris&rft.date=2010-04-12&rft.aulast=Uthmann&rft.aufirst=Jorg+von&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ORF-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ORF_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ORF_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wien.orf.at/stories/3206389/">"Opernstar Grace Bumbry gestorben"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a>. May 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opernstar+Grace+Bumbry+gestorben&rft.pub=ORF&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwien.orf.at%2Fstories%2F3206389%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNash2007" class="citation book cs1">Nash, Elizabeth (2007). <i>Autobiographical Reminiscences of African-American Classical Singers, 1853–present</i>. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-5250-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-5250-3"><bdi>978-0-7734-5250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiographical+Reminiscences+of+African-American+Classical+Singers%2C+1853%E2%80%93present&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7734-5250-3&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2009" class="citation news cs1">Wagner, Holly (December 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725120543/http://mobile.whig.com/printerfriendly/Grace-Bumbry-120509">"Grace and Ben Bumbry: Quincy man sings praises about little sister's national recognition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Herald-Whig" class="mw-redirect" title="Herald-Whig">Herald-Whig</a></i>. Quincy, Illinois. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whig.com/article/20091204/ARTICLE/312049990">the original</a> on July 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald-Whig&rft.atitle=Grace+and+Ben+Bumbry%3A+Quincy+man+sings+praises+about+little+sister%27s+national+recognition&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whig.com%2Farticle%2F20091204%2FARTICLE%2F312049990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blum-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blum_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blum_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlum2023" class="citation news cs1">Blum, Richard (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/grace-bumbry-mezzosoprano-57440bbfa65ebafffa5c302f808199cf">"Grace Bumbry, 1st Black singer at Bayreuth, dies at 86"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Grace+Bumbry%2C+1st+Black+singer+at+Bayreuth%2C+dies+at+86&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgrace-bumbry-mezzosoprano-57440bbfa65ebafffa5c302f808199cf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ow-4jan2019-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ow-4jan2019_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalazar2019" class="citation news cs1">Salazar, David (January 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operawire.com/artist-profile-grace-bumbry-pioneering-mezzo-soprano/">"Artist Profile: Grace Bumbry, Pioneering Mezzo & Soprano"</a>. <i>OperaWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OperaWire&rft.atitle=Artist+Profile%3A+Grace+Bumbry%2C+Pioneering+Mezzo+%26+Soprano&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.aulast=Salazar&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperawire.com%2Fartist-profile-grace-bumbry-pioneering-mezzo-soprano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-am-early-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-am-early_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-am-early_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0001843307">Grace Bumbry – <i>Early Recordings</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gram-9may2023-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gram-9may2023_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolansky2023" class="citation news cs1">Tolansky, Jon (May 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/article/icon-grace-bumbry">"Icon: Grace Bumbry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_(magazine)" title="Gramophone (magazine)">Gramophone</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gramophone&rft.atitle=Icon%3A+Grace+Bumbry&rft.date=2023-05-09&rft.aulast=Tolansky&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gramophone.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Farticle%2Ficon-grace-bumbry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hf-carmen-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hf-carmen_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolansky" class="citation web cs1">Tolansky, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hampsongfoundation.org/resource/singers-on-singinggrace-bumbry-discusses-carmen/">"Singers on Singing: Grace Bumbry Discusses Carmen"</a>. <i>Hampsong Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hampsong+Foundation&rft.atitle=Singers+on+Singing%3A+Grace+Bumbry+Discusses+Carmen&rft.aulast=Tolansky&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhampsongfoundation.org%2Fresource%2Fsingers-on-singinggrace-bumbry-discusses-carmen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro-messa-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euro-messa_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euroarts.com/tv-license/7996-classic-archive-verdi-messa-da-requiem">"Classic Archive: Verdi: Messa da Requiem"</a>. <i>EuroArts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EuroArts&rft.atitle=Classic+Archive%3A+Verdi%3A+Messa+da+Requiem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euroarts.com%2Ftv-license%2F7996-classic-archive-verdi-messa-da-requiem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7980816--massenet-le-cid">"Massenet: <i>Le Cid</i>"</a>. <i>Presto Music</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presto+Music&rft.atitle=Massenet%3A+Le+Cid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prestomusic.com%2Fclassical%2Fproducts%2F7980816--massenet-le-cid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ct-norma-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ct-norma_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine" class="citation web cs1">Levine, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicstoday.com/review/review-11339/">"Bellini: <i>Norma</i>, Live '77/Bumbry"</a>. <i>Classics Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classics+Today&rft.atitle=Bellini%3A+Norma%2C+Live+%2777%2FBumbry&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicstoday.com%2Freview%2Freview-11339%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruhlmann, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000275950"><i>Carmen Jones</i> (Studio Cast Recording) (Highlights)</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-as-1972-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-as-1972_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1972-221.html">"Grammy Award Nominees 1972"</a>. <i>Awards & Shows</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Awards+%26+Shows&rft.atitle=Grammy+Award+Nominees+1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awardsandshows.com%2Ffeatures%2Fgrammy-awards-1972-221.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031162946/http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement">"St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees"</a>. <i>St. Louis Walk of Fame</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement">the original</a> on October 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame&rft.atitle=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame+Inductees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlouiswalkoffame.org%2Finductees%2F%3Fview%3Dachievement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBykofsky2011" class="citation news cs1">Bykofsky, Stu (June 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inquirer.com/philly/hp/news_update/20110613_The_Anderson_awards__and_their_many_fates.html">"The Anderson awards, and their many fates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=The+Anderson+awards%2C+and+their+many+fates&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft.aulast=Bykofsky&rft.aufirst=Stu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquirer.com%2Fphilly%2Fhp%2Fnews_update%2F20110613_The_Anderson_awards__and_their_many_fates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckerSouthall2009" class="citation news cs1">Becker, Bernie; Southall, Ashley (December 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/arts/07honors.html">"Kennedy Center Honors 5 With Awards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kennedy+Center+Honors+5+With+Awards&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft.au=Southall%2C+Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F07%2Farts%2F07honors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Bumbry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hamilton, David (1987). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog7.shtml#kq">The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Guide to the World of Opera</a></i>. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo: Simon and Schuster. pp. 58–59. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-61732-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-61732-X">0-671-61732-X</a>.</li> <li>Hamilton, Mary (1990). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog7.shtml#kr">A–Z of Opera</a></i>. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-2340-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-2340-9">0-8160-2340-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosenthal" title="Harold Rosenthal">Rosenthal, Harold</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Warrack" title="John Warrack">John Warrack</a> (1979; 2nd ed.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog7.shtml#ko">The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. London, New York and Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 70. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-311318-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-311318-X">0-19-311318-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a> and Christina Bashford (1992). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog7.shtml#kn">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. London: Macmillan. Vol. 1, p. 639. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935859-92-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-935859-92-6">0-935859-92-6</a>.</li> <li>Sadie, Stanley and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a> (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog.shtml#km">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>. London: Macmillan. Vol. 4, pp. 601–02. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-60800-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-60800-3">0-333-60800-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warrack" title="John Warrack">Warrack, John</a> and Ewan West (1996; 3rd ed.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog7.shtml#kp">The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 69. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280028-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280028-0">0-19-280028-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grace_Bumbry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grace Bumbry">Grace Bumbry</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Grace+Bumbry">Grace Bumbry</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0120292/">Grace Bumbry</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muziekweb.nl/en/Link/M00000246243/CLASSICAL/Grace-Bumbry">Grace Bumbry</a> (recordings) <a href="/wiki/Muziekweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Muziekweb">Muziekweb</a> 2023</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(2000s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(2000s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (2000s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Fleisher" title="Leon Fleisher">Leon Fleisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Townshend" title="Pete Townshend">Pete Townshend</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roger_Daltrey" title="Roger Daltrey">Roger Daltrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grace Bumbry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451180#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451180#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114802854">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/114481372">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/134819/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkttWpp47tkdwkfCrv8md">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128671629">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84041947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138919685">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138919685">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bumbry, Grace"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV533007">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36592095">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002157999&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX868773">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073276758">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5058104">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000067889&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000296850&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020O9248">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810644761105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007445343405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000206904">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09256342?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c9b90f96-289f-41af-bbc2-39738bab53e4">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/b1570">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1310157">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128671629.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084334940">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6jh4ss9">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&oldid=1259303441">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&oldid=1259303441</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1937_births" title="Category:1937 births">1937 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2023_deaths" title="Category:2023 deaths">2023 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_women_singers" title="Category:20th-century African-American women singers">20th-century African-American women singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_opera_singers" title="Category:20th-century American women opera singers">20th-century American women opera singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_women_singers" title="Category:21st-century African-American women singers">21st-century African-American women singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_opera_singers" title="Category:21st-century American women opera singers">21st-century American women opera singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_women_opera_singers" title="Category:African-American women opera singers">African-American women opera singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_operatic_mezzo-sopranos" title="Category:American operatic mezzo-sopranos">American operatic mezzo-sopranos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_operatic_sopranos" title="Category:American operatic sopranos">American operatic sopranos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bienen_School_of_Music_alumni" title="Category:Bienen School of Music alumni">Bienen School of Music alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boston_University_College_of_Fine_Arts_alumni" title="Category:Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni">Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commandeurs_of_the_Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Category:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deutsche_Grammophon_artists" title="Category:Deutsche Grammophon artists">Deutsche Grammophon artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grammy_Award_winners" title="Category:Grammy Award winners">Grammy Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kennedy_Center_honorees" title="Category:Kennedy Center honorees">Kennedy Center honorees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_Academy_of_the_West_alumni" title="Category:Music Academy of the West alumni">Music Academy of the West alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Singers_from_St._Louis" title="Category:Singers from St. Louis">Singers from St. Louis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sumner_High_School_(St._Louis)_alumni" title="Category:Sumner High School (St. Louis) alumni">Sumner High School (St. Louis) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Winners_of_the_Metropolitan_Opera_National_Council_Auditions" title="Category:Winners of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions">Winners of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2023">Use mdy dates from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections" title="Category:All articles that may have off-topic sections">All articles that may have off-topic sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections_from_December_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from December 2023">Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 12:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Bumbry&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-dtnhv","wgBackendResponseTime":200,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.015","walltime":"1.289","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6832,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":111184,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6878,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":190957,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1148.302 1 -total"," 31.36% 360.143 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.99% 321.445 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 12.61% 144.843 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text"," 10.30% 118.327 1 Template:Marriage"," 9.16% 105.183 19 Template:Cite_news"," 8.97% 102.972 1 Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s"," 8.75% 100.466 1 Template:Navbox"," 8.71% 100.049 3 Template:Cite_book"," 6.47% 74.331 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.584","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10940214,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-zmjdq","timestamp":"20241124122217","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Grace Bumbry","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grace_Bumbry","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q451180","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q451180","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-29T20:20:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T12:22:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Grace_Bumbry_2009.jpg","headline":"American opera singer (1937\u20132023)"}</script> </body> </html>