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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lynching_of_Francisco_Arias_and_Jos%C3%A9_Chamales.jpg/400px-Lynching_of_Francisco_Arias_and_Jos%C3%A9_Chamales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Two Mexican-American men, Francisco Arias and José Chamales, lynched in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz</a>, California, in 1877</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:404px;max-width:404px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:218px;max-width:218px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg/216px-Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg/324px-Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg/432px-Postcard_commemorating_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_Dallas_in_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1703" data-file-height="1100" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Postcard commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Allen_Brooks" title="Lynching of Allen Brooks">lynching of Allen Brooks</a> in Dallas in 1910</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg/180px-Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg/270px-Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg/360px-Postcard_of_crowd_two_hours_after_the_lynching_of_Allen_Brooks_in_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="770" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Postcard of crowd two hours after the lynching of Brooks</div></div></div></div></div> This is a list of lynching victims in the United States. While the definition has changed over time, <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> is often defined as the <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary execution</a> of one or more persons <a href="/wiki/Extra-judicial" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra-judicial">without due process of law</a> by a group of people organized internally and not authorized by a legitimate government. Lynchers may claim to be issuing punishment for an alleged crime; however, they are not a judicial body nor deputized by one. Lynchings in the United States rose in number after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> in the late 19th century, following the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">emancipation of slaves</a>; they declined in the 1920s. Nearly 3,500 <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> and 1,300 <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">whites</a> were <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynched in the United States</a> between 1882 and 1968.<a href="#cite_note-tuskegee_umkc-1">[1]</a> Most lynchings were of <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> men in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, but women were also lynched. More than 73 percent of lynchings in the post–Civil War period occurred in the Southern states.<a href="#cite_note-Tuskegeefigures-2">[2]</a> White lynchings of black people also occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border States</a>, especially during the 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> of black people out of the Southern United States. The purpose for many of the lynchings was to enforce <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> and intimidate black people through <a href="/wiki/Racial_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial terrorism">racial terrorism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee University</a>, most lynching victims were accused of murder or attempted murder. Rape or attempted rape was the second most common accusation; such accusations were often pretexts for lynching black people who violated <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a> etiquette or engaged in economic competition with <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a>. Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Raper" title="Arthur F. Raper">Arthur F. Raper</a> investigated one hundred lynchings during the 1930s and estimated that approximately one-third of the victims were falsely accused.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_1944_page_561-5">[5]</a> On a <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> basis, lynchings were also common in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Frontier" class="mw-redirect" title="American Frontier">Old West</a>, especially of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latinos</a>, although they represented less than 10% of the national total. <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-Americans">Italian-Americans</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> were also lynched.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Other ethnicities, including <a href="/wiki/Finnish-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish-Americans">Finnish-Americans</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and <a href="/wiki/German-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Americans">German-Americans</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> were also lynched occasionally. At least six law officers were killed trying to stop lynch mobs, three of whom succeeded at the cost of their own lives, including Deputy Sheriff Samuel Joseph Lewis in 1882,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and two law officers in 1915 in South Carolina.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Three law officers were themselves hanged by lynch mobs (Henry Plummer in 1864; James Murray in 1897; Carl Etherington in 1910). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Francis_McIntosh" title="Lynching of Francis McIntosh">Francis McIntosh</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>April 28, 1836</td> <td>Arrested on charge of disturbing the peace, McIntosh stabbed the deputies who told him he would serve five years for the offense.</td> <td>Burned alive. Lynching had broad local support. Reported on by <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> editor <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Lovejoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah Lovejoy">Elijah Lovejoy</a>, who was soon lynched himself. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a></td> <td>35</td> <td rowspan="5">White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Illinois" title="Madison County, Illinois">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>November 7, 1837</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionist</a> newspaper editor and publisher</td> <td>Had moved to Alton to escape violence in St. Louis. Four successive printing presses destroyed. "Not guilty" verdict; jury foreman member of mob.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Smith" title="Killing of Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a></td> <td>38</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Illinois" title="Carthage, Illinois">Carthage</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Illinois" title="Hancock County, Illinois">Hancock</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td rowspan="4">June 27, 1844</td> <td rowspan="4">Technically, <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> against state of Illinois, but lynching was for religious views, especially <a href="/wiki/Plural_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Plural marriage">plural marriage</a>/<a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">polygamy</a>.</td> <td rowspan="4">In jail awaiting trial. Richards and Taylor survived. Five men were tried and acquitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">Hyrum Smith</a></td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Willard_Richards" title="Willard Richards">Willard Richards</a></td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">John Taylor</a></td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Tucker" title="Lynching of John Tucker">John Tucker</a></td> <td>about 45</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana" title="Marion County, Indiana">Marion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>July 5, 1845</td> <td>Unprovoked attack</td> <td>Beaten<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paunais or Little Saux</td> <td>22</td> <td>Anishinaabe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Croix_River_(Wisconsin%E2%80%93Minnesota)" title="St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)">St. Croix Valley</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>June 1848</td> <td>Murder of a white man</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-native-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek_massacre" title="Battle Creek massacre">Battle Creek massacre</a></td> <td></td> <td>Timpanogos</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Grove,_Utah" title="Pleasant Grove, Utah">Battle Creek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah_County,_Utah" title="Utah County, Utah">Utah</a></td> <td>Utah</td> <td>March 5, 1849</td> <td>Alleged cattle theft</td> <td>4–7 killed by Mormon settlers; attack ordered by Brigham Young </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Segovia" title="Josefa Segovia">Josefa Segovia</a></td> <td>about 25</td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Downieville,_California" title="Downieville, California">Downieville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>July 5, 1851</td> <td>Killing a white man</td> <td>She was found guilty of murdering a local miner, Frederick Cannon, a man who had attempted to assault her after he had broken into her home.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Robert_S._Maynard" title="Killing of Robert S. Maynard">Robert S. Maynard</a></td> <td>21</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Historic_District_(Jacksonville,_Oregon)" title="Jacksonville Historic District (Jacksonville, Oregon)">Jacksonville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_(Oregon)" title="Rogue River (Oregon)">Rogue River</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a></td> <td>May 1852</td> <td>Killing of J.C. Platt<a href="#cite_note-IllinoisDailyJ-17">[17]</a></td> <td>Lynched by miners who appointed a "committee",<a href="#cite_note-AltaCalifornia-18">[18]</a> via “mob law."<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capistrano Lopez</td> <td rowspan="3">Adults</td> <td rowspan="3">Latin</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td rowspan="3">July 20, 1852</td> <td rowspan="3">Killing and robbing of Americans, including Latinos<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></td> <td rowspan="3">Band of Mexican horse thieves and murderers, who "tormented the central coast", frequently boasted of killing and robbing Americans.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> They were taken by vigilantes out of jail and hanged from a makeshift gallows </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domingo Hernández </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mariano Hernández </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Clare</td> <td></td> <td>Scottish</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>August 17, 1853</td> <td>Murder of Hungarian fisherman Andrew Cracovich</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>David Thomas</td> <td>34</td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Maryland" title="Denton, Maryland">Denton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Maryland" title="Caroline County, Maryland">Caroline</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 1854</td> <td>Beating a white man to death</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Aaron_and_Anthony_(Arkansas,_1856)" title="Lynching of Aaron and Anthony (Arkansas, 1856)">Aaron </a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Arkansas" title="Washington County, Arkansas">Washington</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 7, 1856</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder</td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Aaron_and_Anthony_(Arkansas,_1856)" title="Lynching of Aaron and Anthony (Arkansas, 1856)">Anthony </a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_massacre" title="Aiken massacre">John Aiken</a></td> <td>25</td> <td rowspan="5">White</td> <td rowspan="5"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Juab_County,_Utah" title="Juab County, Utah">Juab</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="5">November 1857</td> <td rowspan="5">Alleged spying</td> <td rowspan="5">Ordered by Brigham Young shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Meadows_Massacre" title="Mountain Meadows Massacre">Mountain Meadows Massacre</a>. Shot by party including <a href="/wiki/Porter_Rockwell" title="Porter Rockwell">Porter Rockwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickman" title="Wild Bill Hickman">Wild Bill Hickman</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_massacre" title="Aiken massacre">Thomas L. Aiken</a></td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_massacre" title="Aiken massacre">John Achard</a></td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_massacre" title="Aiken massacre">Andrew Jackson Jones</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_massacre" title="Aiken massacre">Horace Bucklin</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bill Saul Thompson</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greensburg,_Kentucky" title="Greensburg, Kentucky">Greensburg</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Green_County,_Kentucky" title="Green County, Kentucky">Green</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td rowspan="2">1858</td> <td rowspan="2">Alleged murder and robbery of wealthy white farmer, "Mr. Simpson."</td> <td rowspan="2">Thompson and Despano were two of four men jailed for allegedly murdering a Mr. Simpson. A mob broke into the jail which was abandoned by the jailor. To avoid lynching, one of the four, Elias Scraggs, slit his own throat. Thompson and Despano were taken by the mob and hanged from a tree. After seeing Scraggs, Thompson and Despano die, a fourth man after "a good deal of reluctance" avoided lynching by implicating five others, including Simpson's own son-in-law, though the son-in-law was "generally considered innocent."<a href="#cite_note-CCR_ATerribleDeed-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sloan Despano</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Daniel" title="Pancho Daniel">Pancho Daniel</a></td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>November 30, 1858</td> <td>Robbery and murder</td> <td>Hanged. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adam</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_Florida" title="Hillsborough County, Florida">Hillsborough</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>1859</td> <td>In response to the murder of a white man, and "in keeping with local custom, a slave man was selected to be killed in retribution".</td> <td>Adam was tried and convicted of the murder of a white man. He was represented by <a href="/wiki/Ossian_Hart" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossian Hart">Ossian Hart</a>, who appealed the conviction. The Florida State Supreme Court declared a mistrial, following which a mob broke into the jail, seized Adam and hanged him.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>: 269  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall_Clarke" title="George Marshall Clarke">George Marshall Clarke</a></td> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_County,_Wisconsin" title="Milwaukee County, Wisconsin">Milwaukee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>September 6, 1861</td> <td>Allegedly exchanged insults and blows with two Irishmen who accused him and a friend of bothering two white women on the street.</td> <td>Hanged from a pile driver by a crowd of fifty to seventy-five Irishmen. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacob Hamilton</td> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smyrna,_Delaware" title="Smyrna, Delaware">Smyrna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td>October 11, 1861</td> <td>Believed to have assaulted a white woman in her home.</td> <td>While a trial was in progress, preparations to lynch the victim were made outside. When constables walked out with Hamilton, the crowd seized and hanged him.<a href="#cite_note-smyrnadel-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jim Wilson</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_Caroline_County,_Maryland" title="Oakland, Caroline County, Maryland">Oakland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Maryland" title="Caroline County, Maryland">Caroline</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>1862</td> <td>Rape and murder of an eight year old white girl</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-28">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville</a> (number >16)</td> <td>Adult men</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Texas" title="Gainesville, Texas">Gainesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooke_County,_Texas" title="Cooke County, Texas">Cooke</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>October 1862</td> <td>Lynching, plus "legal" executions, of Union supporters by Confederate supporters</td> <td>Many lynched before trial was concluded. Prosecution of perpetrators "half-hearted"; only one convicted.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_of_1863" title="Detroit race riot of 1863">Joshua Boyd</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>March 6, 1863</td> <td></td> <td>Beaten by mob of Irishmen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Robert_Mulliner" title="Lynching of Robert Mulliner">Robert Mulliner</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_(town),_New_York" title="Newburgh (town), New York">Newburgh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>June 21, 1863</td> <td>Alleged rape of Irish woman</td> <td>Hanged from a tree by mob of Irishmen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Henry Plummer</a></td> <td>31</td> <td rowspan="4">White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bannack,_Montana" title="Bannack, Montana">Bannock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaverhead_County,_Montana" title="Beaverhead County, Montana">Beaverhead</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></td> <td>January 10, 1864</td> <td>Alleged leader of an outlaw gang.</td> <td>A sheriff who was dragged from his house and lynched; the only evidence of his alleged crimes was in an account written by a lynch mob member to justify lynching; 130 years later Plummer was posthumously tried; the jury reached a split decision (six to six) and a mistrial was declared.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clubfoot_George" title="Clubfoot George">Clubfoot George</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nevada_City,_Montana" title="Nevada City, Montana">Nevada City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Montana" title="Madison County, Montana">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></td> <td>January 14, 1864</td> <td>Outlaw</td> <td>Hanged by the Montana Vigilantes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alfred_Slade" title="Joseph Alfred Slade">Joseph Alfred Slade</a></td> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Montana" title="Virginia City, Montana">Virginia City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Montana" title="Madison County, Montana">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></td> <td>March 10, 1864</td> <td>Disturbing the peace</td> <td>Hanged by vigilantes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sketoe" title="Bill Sketoe">Bill Sketoe</a></td> <td>46</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Alabama" title="Newton, Alabama">Newton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dale_County,_Alabama" title="Dale County, Alabama">Dale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>December 3, 1864</td> <td>Unclear</td> <td>Beaten and hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td>John (Jack) Campbell</td> <td></td> <td>Mixed race (White/<a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota</a>)<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mankato,_Minnesota" title="Mankato, Minnesota">Mankato</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Earth_County,_Minnesota" title="Blue Earth County, Minnesota">Blue Earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicollet_County,_Minnesota" title="Nicollet County, Minnesota">Nicollet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Le_Sueur_County,_Minnesota" title="Le Sueur County, Minnesota">Le Sueur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>1865</td> <td>Double murder</td> <td>Lynched by a mob after an extrajudicial "trial".<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Garrett_Thompson" title="Lynching of Garrett Thompson">Garrett Thompson</a></td> <td>unknown</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albia,_Iowa" title="Albia, Iowa">Albia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Iowa" title="Monroe County, Iowa">Monroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>June 1866</td> <td>Horse theft</td> <td>Thompson was arrested by the county sheriff based on evidence collected by a local vigilance committee, then tried in an extrajudicial jury proceeding and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Taylor</td> <td>17</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mason,_Michigan" title="Mason, Michigan">Mason</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingham_County,_Michigan" title="Ingham County, Michigan">Ingham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>August 27, 1866</td> <td>Attempted murder of his employer's wife following a wage dispute</td> <td>Taylor was a former slave, and had been a teenage soldier for the Union. A mob dragged him from a jail, tortured him and hanged him from a tree, and mutilated and decapitated his body; no one was prosecuted. In 2018, a local park was named the "John Taylor Memorial Park" after him.<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Thomas_Coleman" title="Murder of Thomas Coleman">Thomas Coleman</a></td> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake County">Salt Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a></td> <td>December 10, 1866</td> <td>Walking with a White woman</td> <td>Coleman, formerly <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_slavery" title="Mormonism and slavery">enslaved by White Mormon people</a>, was bludgeoned to death by an unknown number of assailants. His throat was deeply slit and body dumped with a note pinned to his chest stating "Notice to all niggers! Take warning!! Leave white women alone!!!"<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-UofU-38">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Pippin</td> <td>unknown</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_Hill,_Maryland" title="Church Hill, Maryland">Church Hill</a> or <a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Maryland" title="Centreville, Maryland">Centerville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Queen Anne's County, Maryland">Queen Anne's</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>June 23, 1867</td> <td>Tried for killing a merchant, but acquitted.</td> <td>Angry about Pippin's acquittal, a mob of 20 people dragged him from under the floorboards of his father's house and hanged him.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William "Obie" Evans</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leipsic,_Delaware" title="Leipsic, Delaware">Leipsic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td>July 24, 1867</td> <td>Arson</td> <td>Hanged from a willow tree<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tom McLain</td> <td>unknown</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Coffeeville,_Mississippi" title="Coffeeville, Mississippi">Coffeeville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yalobusha_County,_Mississippi" title="Yalobusha County, Mississippi">Yalobusha</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 1868</td> <td>Alleged murder of white overseer.</td> <td rowspan="2">A masked mob broke into the jail cell with sledge hammers, dragged McLain and Quinn from the jail and hanged both from a gum tree with the same rope.<a href="#cite_note-brown-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grenada-44">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gilbert Quinn</td> <td>unknown</td> <td>Alleged accomplice to murder of white overseer. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isaac Moore</td> <td>unknown</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bel_Air,_Harford_County,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland">Bel Air</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland" title="Harford County, Maryland">Harford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>July 22, 1868</td> <td>Robbing a white woman of a sum of money.</td> <td>Moore was accused of having other "nepharious designs" not carried out after he was frightened away by the screams of the woman from whom he allegedly took money. Moore was before a magistrate when a crowd took him away and hanged him naked from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Bierfield_and_Lawrence_Bowman" title="Lynching of Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman">Samuel Bierfield</a></td> <td></td> <td>Jewish</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Tennessee" title="Williamson County, Tennessee">Williamson</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td rowspan="2">August 15, 1868</td> <td rowspan="2">None</td> <td rowspan="2">A group of masked men appeared at both the rear and front doors of Samuel Bierfield's store. When he refused to open the back door, they broke in. He ran out the front, where he encountered the rest of the group. The masked men shot Bierfield five times. They mortally wounded his black clerk Lawrence Bowman, who had been with him at the store. Henry Morton, another black man, had been sitting and chatting with the pair and escaped without injury during the melee. Bierfield pleaded for his life on the street in front of his dry goods store but was shot to death by the masked men at close range. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Bierfield_and_Lawrence_Bowman" title="Lynching of Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman">Lawrence Bowman</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">White</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Laramie,_Wyoming" title="Laramie, Wyoming">Laramie</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_Wyoming" title="Albany County, Wyoming">Albany</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="3">October 28, 1868</td> <td rowspan="3">Murder</td> <td rowspan="3">Hanged from the rafters of an unfinished cabin </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ace Moyer</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Con Moyer</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jim Quinn</td> <td>unknown</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jarrettsville,_Maryland" title="Jarrettsville, Maryland">Jarrettsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland" title="Harford County, Maryland">Harford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 2, 1869</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thomas Juricks</td> <td>about 35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_Maryland" title="Piscataway, Maryland">Piscataway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 12, 1869</td> <td>Assault of a white woman</td> <td>Sharecropper and father of six, Juricks was "hung from an oak tree before the mob fired a volley of gunshots into his body".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two Mexicans</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Miguel County, New Mexico">San Miguel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></td> <td>1870</td> <td>Stealing groceries</td> <td>A group of masked men had taken the two Mexicans during the night, hanging them from a beam in the jail yard.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Outlaw" title="Wyatt Outlaw">Wyatt Outlaw</a></td> <td>49–50</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graham,_North_Carolina" title="Graham, North Carolina">Graham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alamance_County,_North_Carolina" title="Alamance County, North Carolina">Alamance</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>February 26, 1870</td> <td>Prominent local figure (no crime alleged)</td> <td>Sixty-three indictments, but the North Carolina Legislature, to end their cases, repealed the law they were charged with violating.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offey Johnson</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>March 31, 1870</td> <td>None. A witness in protective custody.</td> <td>Johnson was held in protective custody at jail so he could testify against a prisoner in jail named Beavers. Sheriff John H. Wisner killed by mob who then killed prisoner<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> It is believed Johnson was killed so that he could not testify against Beavers.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boyd_(county_solicitor)" title="Alexander Boyd (county solicitor)">Alexander Boyd</a></td> <td>35</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eutaw,_Alabama" title="Eutaw, Alabama">Eutaw</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Alabama" title="Greene County, Alabama">Greene</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>March 31, 1870</td> <td>Legal representation of African Americans</td> <td>Shot by Ku Klux Klan members </td></tr> <tr> <td>J.L. Compton</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_County,_Montana" title="Lewis and Clark County, Montana">Lewis and Clark</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="2">April 30, 1870</td> <td rowspan="2">Accused of murder</td> <td rowspan="2">A one-thousand-member vigilance committee accused the two men of shooting and robbing an old man named George Lenhart. Their fate was decided on the courthouse steps by mock trial, because "the law was tedious, expensive, and uncertain." When law officers interrupted the proceedings, they were imprisoned by the mob.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Wilson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stephens" title="John W. Stephens">John W. Stephens</a></td> <td>35</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yanceyville,_North_Carolina" title="Yanceyville, North Carolina">Yancyville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caswell_County,_North_Carolina" title="Caswell County, North Carolina">Caswell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>May 21, 1870</td> <td>State senator who worked to help freedmen</td> <td>Ku Klux Klan; no one charged. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Felix_Signoret#Lynching" title="Felix Signoret">Michel Lachenais</a></td> <td></td> <td>French</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>December 17, 1870</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Williams_(militia_leader)" title="Jim Williams (militia leader)">Jim Williams</a></td> <td>40–41</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/York_County,_South_Carolina" title="York County, South Carolina">York</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>March 6, 1871</td> <td>Leading a black militia organization</td> <td>Hanged by Ku Klux Klan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chinese_massacre_of_1871#Victims" title="Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871">Ah Wing and at least 15 others</a></td> <td></td> <td>Chinese</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>October 24, 1871</td> <td>None</td> <td>Group of Chinese immigrants killed in retaliation for the accidental homicide of a white rancher. See: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_massacre_of_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese massacre of 1871">Chinese massacre of 1871</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Johnson,_Squire_Taylor,_and_Charles_Davis" title="Lynching of George Johnson, Squire Taylor, and Charles Davis">George Johnson</a></td> <td>Adult</td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Indiana" title="Charlestown, Indiana">Charlestown</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Indiana" title="Clark County, Indiana">Clark</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td rowspan="3">November 17, 1871</td> <td rowspan="3">Accused of killing a white man, Cyrus Park, and his family</td> <td rowspan="3">Indiana Legislature exonerated Johnson, Taylor, and Davis in 2022<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Johnson,_Squire_Taylor,_and_Charles_Davis" title="Lynching of George Johnson, Squire Taylor, and Charles Davis">Squire Taylor</a></td> <td>64–65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Johnson,_Squire_Taylor,_and_Charles_Davis" title="Lynching of George Johnson, Squire Taylor, and Charles Davis">Charles Davis</a></td> <td>>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Jones" title="Lynching of David Jones">David Jones</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>March 25, 1872</td> <td>Murdering Henry Murray.</td> <td>Taken out of his prison cell and lynched by a mob on the public square.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>José Castro</td> <td>35</td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista,_California" title="San Juan Bautista, California">San Juan Bautista</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>April 1872</td> <td>Alleged conspiracy to rob a stage coach.</td> <td>After <a href="/wiki/Tiburcio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Tiburcio Vásquez">Tiburcio Vásquez</a> robbed a stage on the San Benito Road, a group of vigilantes seized José Castro, a local saloon owner, and hanged him from a tree based on the flimsy suspicion that he was associated with the bandit.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Kelsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Kelsey">Charles G. Kelsey</a></td> <td>37–38</td> <td rowspan="4">White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>November 4, 1872</td> <td>Sexual indecency</td> <td>Died from castration after being tarred and feathered by a mob<a href="#cite_note-DeWan-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James McCrory</td> <td>35–36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visalia,_California" title="Visalia, California">Visalia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>December 24, 1872</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>A group of vigilantes broke into the jail, seized McCrory and hanged him from a bridge.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John W. St. Clair</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bozeman,_Montana" title="Bozeman, Montana">Bozeman</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gallatin_County,_Montana" title="Gallatin County, Montana">Gallatin</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="2">February 1, 1873</td> <td rowspan="2">Both individuals charged with separate murders</td> <td rowspan="2">Both men hanged<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z.A. Triplett</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James Cullen</td> <td>27/28</td> <td>Irish</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mapleton,_Maine" title="Mapleton, Maine">Mapleton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aroostook_County,_Maine" title="Aroostook County, Maine">Aroostook</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></td> <td>April 30, 1873</td> <td>Accused of two axe murders</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jeff Davis</td> <td></td> <td>Swiss</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ragersville,_Ohio" title="Ragersville, Ohio">Ragersville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuscarawas_County,_Ohio" title="Tuscarawas County, Ohio">Tuscarawas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>July 26, 1873</td> <td>Attempted rape</td> <td>Beaten, shot and hanged<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Chiesa</td> <td>20</td> <td>Italian</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Ohio" title="Churchill, Ohio">Churchill</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Trumbull County, Ohio">Trumbull</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>July 27, 1873</td> <td>None</td> <td>Giovanni Chiesa, the first Italian immigrant lynched in the United States, was clubbed to death by a mob of coal miners.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eli</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>May 1874</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Killed when jail burned down by mob; according to a member of mob participant <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Hardin" title="John Wesley Hardin">John Wesley Hardin</a>, the local coroner (also allegedly part of the mob) rendered a verdict that Eli had died after setting fire to the jail himself.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Moya" title="Juan Moya">Juan Moya</a></td> <td>about 68</td> <td rowspan="3">Mixed race (Tejano)</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Goliad_County,_Texas" title="Goliad County, Texas">Goliad</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="3">June 8, 1874</td> <td rowspan="3">Murder of the Swift family</td> <td rowspan="3">Juan Moya and his two sons taken from jail and lynched by a mob </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Moya" title="Juan Moya">Antonio Moya</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Moya" title="Juan Moya">Marcello Moya</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rufus P. "Scrap" Taylor</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">White</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_DeWitt_County,_Texas" title="Clinton, DeWitt County, Texas">Clinton</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_County,_Texas" title="DeWitt County, Texas">DeWitt</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="3">June 22, 1874</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="3">Three men were members of the Taylor faction in the <a href="/wiki/Sutton-Taylor_feud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton-Taylor feud">Sutton-Taylor feud</a>. Members of the Sutton faction lynched the three men in revenge for murder of Sutton leader William E. Sutton in Indianola, Texas on March 22, 1874. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Alfred "Kute" Tuggle</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James White</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jo_Reed" title="Lynching of Jo Reed">Jo Reed</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="7">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>April 30, 1875</td> <td>Killing a police officer</td> <td>Taken out of his jail cell by an unmasked mob and hanged on a suspension bridge. Reed survived and escaped West.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Simms</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>June 1875</td> <td>Alleged assault of Adaline Jackson.</td> <td>Simms was shackled and in jail when a mob searched the jailor for his keys and took Simms away, irons and all, and hanged him from a tree. “Many of the lynchers were painted black and some were masked.”.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Keemer" title="Lynching of William Keemer">William Keemer</a></td> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Indiana" title="Greenfield, Indiana">Greenfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Indiana" title="Hancock County, Indiana">Hancock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>June 25, 1875</td> <td>Accused of sexually assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Hanged from a structure at the Hancock County fairground </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Randolph</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osceola,_Arkansas" title="Osceola, Arkansas">Osceola</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_County,_Arkansas" title="Mississippi County, Arkansas">Mississippi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>July 22, 1875</td> <td>Robbery and murder of Frank Williams</td> <td>Lynched after allegedly confessing to murder of white man. Shot<a href="#cite_note-New_Yor_Times-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_G._Patterson" title="James G. Patterson">James G. Patterson</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_County,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo County, Mississippi">Yazoo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>October 20, 1875</td> <td>Hiring a man to commit murder</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_and_Mollie_French" title="Lynching of Benjamin and Mollie French">Benjamin French</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Kentucky" title="Warsaw, Kentucky">Warsaw</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gallatin_County,_Kentucky" title="Gallatin County, Kentucky">Gallatin</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td rowspan="2">May 3, 1876</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of Lake Jones, an elderly African American man</td> <td rowspan="2">Broken out of jail by a white mob and hanged from a tree. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_and_Mollie_French" title="Lynching of Benjamin and Mollie French">Mollie French</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chisolm_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chisolm Massacre">William Chisolm</a></td> <td>46</td> <td rowspan="5">White</td> <td rowspan="5"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Kemper_County,_Mississippi" title="Kemper County, Mississippi">Kemper</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="5">April 29, 1877</td> <td rowspan="5">Murder of Democratic sheriff John Gully</td> <td rowspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chisolm_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chisolm Massacre">Cornelia Chisolm</a></td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chisolm_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chisolm Massacre">John Chisolm</a></td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chisolm_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chisolm Massacre">John Gilmer Sr.</a></td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chisolm_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chisolm Massacre">Angus McLellan</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francisco Arias</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Latin</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td rowspan="2">May 2, 1877</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of a man named Henry De Forrest</td> <td rowspan="2">Broken out of jail by a mob and hanged from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>José Chamales</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair_(minister)" title="Arthur St. Clair (minister)">Arthur W. St. Clair</a></td> <td>about 40</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hernando_County,_Florida" title="Hernando County, Florida">Hernando</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>June 26, 1877</td> <td>Presiding over an interracial marriage</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td>Justin Arajo</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista,_California" title="San Juan Bautista, California">San Juan Bautista</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>July 1877</td> <td>Shooting a man named Manuel Butron</td> <td>Broken out of jail by a disguised mob and hanged from a willow tree.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simeon Garnett</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Ohio" title="Oxford, Ohio">Oxford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Ohio" title="Butler County, Ohio">Butler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>September 1877</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman.</td> <td>Taken from jail and shot<a href="#cite_note-Hmdb_Website-78">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Andrew_Richards" title="Lynching of Andrew Richards">Andrew Richards</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Illinois" title="Winchester, Illinois">Winchester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Illinois" title="Scott County, Illinois">Scott</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>September 11, 1877</td> <td>Rape of a white woman</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Charlotte_Harris" title="Lynching of Charlotte Harris">Charlotte Harris</a></td> <td></td> <td>near <a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockingham_County,_Virginia" title="Rockingham County, Virginia">Rockingham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>March 6, 1878</td> <td>Arson</td> <td>Hanged from a tree </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Artois,_California#The_Lynching_of_Christian_Mutschler" title="Artois, California">Christian Mutschler</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artois,_California" title="Artois, California">Germantown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>May 5, 1878</td> <td>Arson</td> <td>Shot<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Green" title="Lynching of Michael Green">Michael Green</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Marlboro,_Maryland" title="Upper Marlboro, Maryland">Upper Marlboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>September 1, 1878</td> <td>Arrested for assaulting Miss Alice Sweeny on August 26, 1878</td> <td>Green was being held at the jail in Upper Marlboro. Threats of lynching were openly made and were held off by the vigilance of Sheriff James N.W. Wilson. On September 1, 1878, a band of masked men removed Green from the jail and took him a mile outside of town to the corner of Queen Anne's Road and Hills Lane. There a noose was placed around his neck and he was hanged 15 feet in the air from a cherry tree. His body remained dangling from the tree and was observed the next morning.<a href="#cite_note-Michael_Green,_MSA_SC_3520-13788-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1878_lynchings_in_Posey_County,_Indiana" title="1878 lynchings in Posey County, Indiana">Seven men</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Indiana" title="Mount Vernon, Indiana">Mount Vernon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Posey_County,_Indiana" title="Posey County, Indiana">Posey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>October 11, 1878</td> <td>Accused of rape</td> <td>Largest recorded lynching in Indiana. No one was ever indicted. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ami "Whit" Ketchum</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Callaway,_Nebraska" title="Callaway, Nebraska">Calloway</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Nebraska" title="Custer County, Nebraska">Custer</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td rowspan="2">December 10, 1878</td> <td rowspan="2">Livestock theft and murder of a posse member</td> <td rowspan="2">Taken from the custody of the county sheriff and burned alive.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luther H. Mitchell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horrell_Brothers" title="Horrell Brothers">Mart Horrell</a></td> <td>31–32</td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Texas" title="Meridian, Texas">Meridian</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bosque_County,_Texas" title="Bosque County, Texas">Bosque</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">December 15, 1878</td> <td rowspan="2">Armed robbery and murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Two of the five <a href="/wiki/Horrell_Brothers" title="Horrell Brothers">Horrell Brothers</a>, outlaw brothers best known for their involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Family_feuds_in_the_United_States#Horrell–Higgins_feud" title="Family feuds in the United States">Horrell–Higgins feud</a>. While awaiting trial for robbery and murder in Texas, they were shot to death by a mob of armed vigilantes who stormed the jail. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horrell_Brothers" title="Horrell Brothers">Thomas L. Horrell</a></td> <td>29–30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Albert_Easley" title="Lynching of Albert Easley">Albert Easley</a></td> <td>13–14</td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Alabama" title="Jacksonville, Alabama">Jacksonville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Alabama" title="Calhoun County, Alabama">Calhoun</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>January 20, 1879</td> <td>Alleged assault and rape of a white woman</td> <td>Accused of assaulting and raping Mrs. Moses Ables, Easley was taken by force from the jail and lynched during the day within the city limits of Jacksonville.<a href="#cite_note-professor_borden-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gilmer, Bill</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>March–April 1879</td> <td>Shot attorney Thomas J. Wood</td> <td>Shot. Gilmer was accused of shooting Wood, who had whipped Gilmer for using offensive language near his wife.<a href="#cite_note-Menasha_Gilmer-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ledger_Gilmer-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Porter, Nevlin</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Starkville,_Mississippi" title="Starkville, Mississippi">Starkville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oktibbeha_County,_Mississippi" title="Oktibbeha County, Mississippi">Oktibbeha</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">May 5, 1879</td> <td rowspan="2">Arson</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-Carolina_Watchman-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Two_Taught_Ropes-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Spencer, Johnson</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Standing" title="Joseph Standing">Standing, Joseph</a></td> <td>24</td> <td rowspan="8">White</td> <td rowspan="2">Varnell Station</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Whitfield_County,_Georgia" title="Whitfield County, Georgia">Whitfield</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 21, 1879</td> <td rowspan="2">Being Mormon missionaries</td> <td rowspan="2">Accosted by armed mob. Standing shot, Clawson survived </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Clawson, Rudger</a></td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California#History" title="Willits, California">Frost, Elijah</a></td> <td>29</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California" title="Willits, California">Willits</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td rowspan="3">September 4, 1879</td> <td rowspan="3">Theft of a saddle and harness</td> <td rowspan="3">Local petty thieves accused without evidence of stealing a saddle and harness. Kidnapped from jail and hanged by 30 members of the local <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Temple" title="Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California#History" title="Willits, California">Gibson, Abijah</a></td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California#History" title="Willits, California">McCracken, Tom</a></td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">House, T.J.</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Miguel County, New Mexico">San Miguel</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="3">1880</td> <td rowspan="3">Murder of Marshal Joe Carson</td> <td rowspan="3">Accused of murdering a U.S. marshal during the <a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">Variety Hall shootout</a>. Hanged by a mob. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">West, James</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">Dorsey, John</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peck, George Washington</td> <td>22</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poolesville,_Maryland" title="Poolesville, Maryland">Poolesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>January 10, 1880</td> <td>Accused of assaulting a white girl</td> <td>Taken by a mob and hanged from a tree before he could be transported to Rockville for a trial.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Arthur_Jordan" title="Lynching of Arthur Jordan">Jordan, Arthur</a></td> <td>24–25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Virginia" title="Warrenton, Virginia">Warrenton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>January 19, 1880</td> <td>Eloping with his employer's daughter</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ramírez, Refugio</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">Latin</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Collin_County,_Texas" title="Collin County, Texas">Collin</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="3">May 1, 1880</td> <td rowspan="3">Accused of bewitching their neighbors.</td> <td rowspan="3">All three were burned to death<a href="#cite_note-Ramirez-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Garcia, Silvestre (wife)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ines, María (daughter)</td> <td>16–17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diggs-Dorsey, John</td> <td>23</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>July 27, 1880</td> <td>Assault and rape of a white woman</td> <td>Marched one mile in shackles and hanged from a cherry tree<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Scott" title="Lynching of George Scott">Scott, George</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil,_Indiana" title="Brazil, Indiana">Brazil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Indiana" title="Clay County, Indiana">Clay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>December 12, 1880</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Hanged from an oak tree. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Nose_George" title="Big Nose George">Parrott, George</a></td> <td>47</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rawlins,_Wyoming" title="Rawlins, Wyoming">Rawlins</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_County,_Wyoming" title="Carbon County, Wyoming">Carbon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming Territory</a></td> <td>March 22, 1881</td> <td>Robbery, murder</td> <td>Hanged from a telegraph pole. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three men</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Arkansas" title="Sevier County, Arkansas">Sevier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>May 1881</td> <td>Attacking a man who requested their help in crossing Rolling Fork Creek</td> <td>Hanged from a tree on the bank of the creek<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Josh_Shorter" title="Lynching of Josh Shorter">Shorter, Josh</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eufaula,_Alabama" title="Eufaula, Alabama">Eufaula</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbour_County,_Alabama" title="Barbour County, Alabama">Barbour</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>June 8, 1881</td> <td>Harassing a white girl</td> <td>Hanged from a tree </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierce, Charles</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Illinois" title="McLean County, Illinois">McLean</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>October 1, 1881</td> <td>Horse theft and murder</td> <td>Hanged from a tree<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three Mexicans</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Lunas,_New_Mexico" title="Los Lunas, New Mexico">Los Lunas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valencia_County,_New_Mexico" title="Valencia County, New Mexico">Valencia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></td> <td>October 7, 1881</td> <td>Murder of James Little</td> <td>A mob took the three Mexicans and hanged them from a tree<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Christopher_Davis" title="Lynching of Christopher Davis">Davis, Christopher</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Ohio" title="Athens, Ohio">Athens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens_County,_Ohio" title="Athens County, Ohio">Athens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>November 21, 1881</td> <td>Rape and assault of a white woman</td> <td>Hanged from a bridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Jim</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas" title="Pine Bluff, Arkansas">Pine Bluff</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Arkansas" title="Jefferson County, Arkansas">Jefferson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>December 24, 1881</td> <td>Threatening several men with a shotgun.</td> <td>After being hit on the head with a pistol by Thomas Barksdell, Johnson retaliated by threatening several people with a shotgun and allegedly preventing a doctor from reaching a woman who was in labor.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Levi_Harrington" title="Levi Harrington">Harrington, Levi</a></td> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>April 3, 1882</td> <td>Killing a police officer</td> <td>Newspapers reported he was innocent, but no one was held accountable for the lynching.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>McManus, Frank</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hennepin_County,_Minnesota" title="Hennepin County, Minnesota">Hennepin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>April 19, 1882</td> <td>Raping a four-year-old child</td> <td>Taken from jail and lynched<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashland_tragedy" title="Ashland tragedy">Ellis, George</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Kentucky" title="Ashland, Kentucky">Ashland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boyd_County,_Kentucky" title="Boyd County, Kentucky">Boyd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>June 3, 1882</td> <td>Murder of three teenagers</td> <td>Hanged from a sycamore tree<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mentzel, Augustus</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raton,_New_Mexico" title="Raton, New Mexico">Raton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colfax_County,_New_Mexico" title="Colfax County, New Mexico">Colfax</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></td> <td>June 27, 1882</td> <td>Resisting arrest; killing three citizens and wounding two</td> <td>Deputy Sheriff William A Bergin was either mortally wounded by suspect<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> or was killed by mob who then killed prisoner<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tafoya, Francisco "Navajo Frank"</td> <td></td> <td>Navajo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deming,_New_Mexico" title="Deming, New Mexico">Deming</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_County,_New_Mexico" title="Luna County, New Mexico">Luna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></td> <td>June 29, 1882</td> <td>Lassoing and dragging a citizen</td> <td>Taken from jail and lynched on telephone pole in railyard.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agirer, Augustin</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>August 1882</td> <td>Filing a complaint against a white man</td> <td>Mr. Agirer had filed a complaint after one of the Anglo men had shot at his dog. In retaliation, the Anglos tracked Mr. Agirer down and fatally shot him in front of his wife<a href="#cite_note-Ramirez-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thurber" title="Charles Thurber">Thurber, Charles</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_County,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks County, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></td> <td>October 24, 1882</td> <td>Assaulting and raping two white women</td> <td>Taken from law officers in jail and lynched from a bridge<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green, James</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_Nebraska" title="Hastings, Nebraska">Hastings</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Nebraska" title="Adams County, Nebraska">Adams</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td rowspan="2">April 3, 1883</td> <td rowspan="2">Robbery and murder of a shopkeeper</td> <td rowspan="2">Accused of the robbery and murder of Cassius Millet, a mob forcibly took the pair from the jail and hanged them from a bridge.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ingraham, Fred</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>García, Encarnción</td> <td>30–31</td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos,_California" title="Los Gatos, California">Los Gatos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>June 17, 1883</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Encarnación García was a nephew of the bandido <a href="/wiki/Tiburcio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Tiburcio Vásquez">Tiburcio Vásquez</a>. He was arrested for stabbing another man to death following a card game at the Los Gatos Saloon. A mob broke into the jail, seized García and hanged him from the Los Gatos Creek bridge.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green, Charley</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Native American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Juneau</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Territory">Alaska Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July/August 1883</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of rumseller Richard Rainey</td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged<a href="#cite_note-CGBoxer-Baltimore-114">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boxer</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Harvey" title="Lynching of William Harvey">Harvey, William "Sam Joe"</a></td> <td>35</td> <td>Black</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_County,_Utah" title="Salt Lake County, Utah">Salt Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a></td> <td>August 25, 1883</td> <td>Alleged murder of White police chief</td> <td>After police severely kicked and beat him they handed him over to a White mob of up to 2,000 people who hung Harvey in front of the city jail then dragged his body down the main city street.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conorly, Huie</td> <td>16</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bogalusa,_Louisiana" title="Bogalusa, Louisiana">Bogalusa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Washington Parish, Louisiana">Washington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>February 18, 1884</td> <td>Attempted rape</td> <td>A mob of 10 to 15 men broke into the jail, seized Conorly and hanged him on the jail steps.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_massacre#Heath_lynched" title="Bisbee massacre">Heath, John</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tombstone,_Arizona" title="Tombstone, Arizona">Tombstone</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cochise_County,_Arizona" title="Cochise County, Arizona">Cochise</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona Territory</a></td> <td>February 22, 1884</td> <td>Accessory to robbery</td> <td>Mob unsatisfied with lenient sentence </td></tr> <tr> <td>Briscoe, George</td> <td>40</td> <td rowspan="7">African American</td> <td>On a rural road<a href="#cite_note-118">[a]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>November 26, 1884</td> <td>Alleged robbery of the residence of George Schievenent.</td> <td>"[A]sked the magistrate with an oath what right he had to commit him to jail?" angering the crowd. Hung by "a large party" of masked men.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cook, Townsend</td> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westminster,_Maryland" title="Westminster, Maryland">Westminster</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Maryland" title="Carroll County, Maryland">Carroll</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>June 2, 1885</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:1-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jackson, Andy</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Texas" title="Elkhart, Texas">Elkhart</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Texas" title="Anderson County, Texas">Anderson</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="5">June 21, 1885</td> <td rowspan="5">Rape and murder of a white woman</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jackson, Lizzie</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hayes, Frank</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norman, Joe</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rogers, Willie</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>McChristian, Perry</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Grenada,_Mississippi" title="Grenada, Mississippi">Grenada</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Grenada_County,_Mississippi" title="Grenada County, Mississippi">Grenada</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="4">July 7, 1885</td> <td rowspan="4">Murder of two peddlers</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="#cite_note-Bartley_James_and_John_Campbell-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Williams, Felix</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James, Bartley</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="8">African American </td></tr> <tr> <td>Campbell, John</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cooper, Howard</td> <td>15–17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Towson,_Maryland" title="Towson, Maryland">Towson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>July 12, 1885</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Convicted of assault and rape after one minute deliberation, his attorneys intended to file an appeal; 75 masked men broke Cooper out of jail and hanged him from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finch, Jerry</td> <td>46</td> <td rowspan="4"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_County,_North_Carolina" title="Chatham County, North Carolina">Chatham</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="4">September 29, 1885</td> <td rowspan="4">Murder</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finch, Harriet</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tyson, Lee</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pattishall, John</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mingo_Jack" title="Mingo Jack">Johnson, Samuel "Mingo Jack"</a></td> <td>66</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eatontown,_New_Jersey" title="Eatontown, New Jersey">Eatontown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>March 5, 1886</td> <td>Rape of a white woman</td> <td>All suspects acquitted.<a href="#cite_note-confession-129">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Villarosa, Federico (Francesco Valoto)</td> <td></td> <td>Italian</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>March 25, 1886</td> <td>Attempted rape of a 10-year-old white girl</td> <td>Hanged from a tree by a mob despite the efforts of the sheriff and state militia.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Whitley, Charles</td> <td>18</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Maryland" title="Prince Frederick, Maryland">Prince Frederick</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calvert_County,_Maryland" title="Calvert County, Maryland">Calvert</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>June 6, 1886</td> <td>Alleged assault of five-year-old child.</td> <td>A mob of 35–40 heavily armed men broke into the jail, seized Whitley and hanged him from a tree about a mile and a half away.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Charles_Lockwood" title="Lynching of Charles Lockwood">Lockwood, Charles</a></td> <td>35</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morris,_Connecticut" title="Morris, Connecticut">Morris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Litchfield County, Connecticut">Litchfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td>July 25, 1886</td> <td>Allegedly murdered a 16-year-old girl</td> <td>Found hanged from a tree three days later. Public opinion divided on whether Lockwood committed suicide or was lynched. Coroner's jury returned a verdict of suicide.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eliza_Woods" title="Lynching of Eliza Woods">Woods, Eliza</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Tennessee" title="Jackson, Tennessee">Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Tennessee" title="Madison County, Tennessee">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>August 19, 1886</td> <td>Supposedly poisoning her employer.</td> <td>Taken from the county jail, stripped naked, hanged in the courthouse yard and her body riddled with bullets and left exposed to view.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, David</td> <td>50</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westernport,_Maryland" title="Westernport, Maryland">Westernport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_Maryland" title="Allegany County, Maryland">Allegany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>September 14, 1886</td> <td>Alleged murder of Edward White.</td> <td>Hanged by a mob. Newspaper accounts describe Johnson as troubled with "religious mania" and regarded as insane.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Peter_Betters" title="Lynching of Peter Betters">Betters, Peter</a></td> <td>35</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Ohio" title="Greene County, Ohio">Greene County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Ohio" title="Jamestown, Ohio">Jamestown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>June 12, 1887</td> <td>Alleged assault on Martha Thomas</td> <td>Assault victim Martha Thomas was mixed race and the mob was reportedly led by members of the black community.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>McCutchen, Frank</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakdale,_California" title="Oakdale, California">Oakdale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>November 26, 1887</td> <td>Arson</td> <td>Fires had been appearing around Oakdale and McCutchen had allegedly been caught in the act of setting fire to a barn. McCutchen was arrested and while being transferred to Modesto jail, a mob overpowered the constable and hanged McCutchen from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Manse_Waldrop" title="Lynching of Manse Waldrop">Waldrop, Manse</a></td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_South_Carolina" title="Pickens County, South Carolina">Pickens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>December 30, 1887</td> <td>Raping and killing a 14 year old African-American girl</td> <td>One of various unique incidents in which a white person is lynched by African Americans </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salazar, Santos</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wells_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Wells County">Jim Wells</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>January 23, 1888</td> <td>Murdering a white man</td> <td>Jake Stafford was found dead two miles away from the road he was on; one of the main suspects of murdering Mr. Stafford was Mexican-American Salazar Santos. When the news spread across the city, a mob hanged Salazar due to the suspicion of him being the murderer<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grandstaff, Andrew</td> <td>22–23</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viroqua,_Wisconsin" title="Viroqua, Wisconsin">Viroqua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vernon_County,_Wisconsin" title="Vernon County, Wisconsin">Vernon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>June 1, 1888</td> <td>Killing two adults and two children</td> <td>Taken from the county jail and hung from a tree on courthouse lawn.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Amos_Miller" title="Lynching of Amos Miller">Miller, Amos</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Tennessee" title="Williamson County, Tennessee">Williamson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>August 10, 1888</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Taken from the courthouse during his trial and lynched on the balcony railings.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Witherell" title="Lynching of George Witherell">Witherell, George</a></td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City,_Colorado" title="Cañon City, Colorado">Cañon City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fremont_County,_Colorado" title="Fremont County, Colorado">Fremont</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td>December 4, 1888</td> <td>Murder of L.K. Wall</td> <td>Hanged from a telephone pole </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Meadows" title="Lynching of George Meadows">Meadows, George</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama" title="Jefferson County, Alabama">Jefferson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>January 15, 1889</td> <td>Rape and murder</td> <td>Lynched despite calls from his accuser that she could not confirm he was guilty. Sheriff eventually determined he had been innocent, and another man was later arrested. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fletcher, Magruder</td> <td>about 35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tasley,_Virginia" title="Tasley, Virginia">Tasley</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accomack_County,_Virginia" title="Accomack County, Virginia">Accomack</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>March 14, 1889</td> <td>Raping a white woman in her home<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin, Albert</td> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>May 27, 1889</td> <td>Assault and rape</td> <td>A mob broke into his jail cell with sledge hammers, dragged him from the jail with a noose around his neck, beat and shot him to death, then hanged his corpse from a bridge.<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Watson" title="Ellen Watson">Watson, Ellen</a></td> <td>28</td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Natrona_County,_Wyoming" title="Natrona County, Wyoming">Natrona</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 20, 1889</td> <td rowspan="2">Stealing cattle</td> <td rowspan="2">Abducted and hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Averell" class="mw-redirect" title="James Averell">Averell, James</a></td> <td>38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Keith_Bowen" title="Lynching of Keith Bowen">Bowen, Keith</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_Mississippi" title="Aberdeen, Mississippi">Aberdeen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Mississippi" title="Monroe County, Mississippi">Monroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>August 14, 1889</td> <td>Found with white girl</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bush, George</td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Missouri" title="Boone County, Missouri">Boone</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>September 7, 1889</td> <td>Rape of a five year old white girl</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Katsu_Goto" title="Katsu Goto">Goto, Katsu</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>Japanese</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honokaa,_Hawaii" title="Honokaa, Hawaii">Honokaʻa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_County,_Hawaii" title="Hawaii County, Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Hawaii (Kingdom)</a></td> <td>October 28, 1889</td> <td>Alleged arson</td> <td>Hanged from a telephone pole<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Orion_Anderson" title="Lynching of Orion Anderson">Anderson, Orion</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>November 8, 1889</td> <td>"Scaring a teenaged white girl"<a href="#cite_note-auto-148">[147]</a></td> <td>Hanged from a derrick<a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Vermillion" title="Lynching of Joseph Vermillion">Vermillion, Joseph</a></td> <td>27</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Marlboro,_Maryland" title="Upper Marlboro, Maryland">Upper Marlboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>December 3, 1889</td> <td>Arson</td> <td>Hanged from a bridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Ripley</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="11">African American</td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Barnwell,_South_Carolina" title="Barnwell, South Carolina">Barnwell vicinity</a></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Barnwell_County,_South_Carolina" title="Barnwell County, South Carolina">Barnwell</a></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="8">December 28, 1889</td> <td rowspan="8">Alleged murder of a merchant and another person. Some were only being held as witnesses.</td> <td rowspan="8">A mob of about 100 took the men from the jail to the outskirts of Barnwell and shot them.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adams, Mitchell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jones, Judge</td> <td>about 22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phoenix, Robert</td> <td>about 30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Furz, Hugh</td> <td>about 24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Harrison</td> <td>about 35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bell, Peter</td> <td>about 60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Morral, Ralph</td> <td>about 28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eli_Ladd" title="Lynching of Eli Ladd">Ladd, Eli</a></td> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blountsville,_Indiana" title="Blountsville, Indiana">Blountsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Indiana" title="Henry County, Indiana">Henry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>February 7, 1890</td> <td>Assault of a white woman, confronting mob</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Washington, Brown</a></td> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia" title="Madison, Georgia">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Georgia" title="Morgan County, Georgia">Morgan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>February 27–28, 1890</td> <td>Murder of a 9-year-old white girl</td> <td>Hanged from a telegraph pole<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Williams, William</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosse,_Texas" title="Kosse, Texas">Kosse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Texas" title="Limestone County, Texas">Limestone</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>April 3, 1890</td> <td>Rape of an eight year old white girl</td> <td>Taken from his jail cell by a mob, hanged, and shot multiple times.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tacho</td> <td></td> <td>Native American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banning,_California" title="Banning, California">Banning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>April 27, 1890</td> <td>Stealing horses and cattle</td> <td>Hanged from a telegraph pole<a href="#cite_note-native-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salceda, Jesus</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker,_Texas" title="Knickerbocker, Texas">Knickerbocker</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Green_County,_Texas" title="Tom Green County, Texas">Tom Green</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>February 4, 1891</td> <td>Seducing a white man's daughter</td> <td>Three white men took Jesus Salceda and hanged him from an oak tree for supposedly seducing one of the white men's daughters. They later found out that they had mistaken Jesus Salceda for another Mexican.<a href="#cite_note-Salceda-154">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Murray#Champion_and_Kelly_lynched" title="Harmon Murray">Champion, Tony</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td rowspan="2">February 17, 1891</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Taken together from jail by mob and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Murray#Champion_and_Kelly_lynched" title="Harmon Murray">Kelly, Michael</a></td> <td></td> <td>Irish </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1891_New_Orleans_lynchings" title="1891 New Orleans lynchings">11 Italian Americans</a></td> <td></td> <td>Italian</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a></td> <td>Orleans</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>March 14, 1891</td> <td>Killing of police chief</td> <td>Three had been acquitted; three had a mistrial; five were never tried. Lynching organized by local leaders, including future mayor <a href="/wiki/Walter_C._Flower" title="Walter C. Flower">Walter C. Flower</a> and future governor <a href="/wiki/John_M._Parker" title="John M. Parker">John M. Parker</a>. Grand jury brought no charges. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hodges, Lewis </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winston_County,_Mississippi" title="Winston County, Mississippi">Winston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>March 14, 1891 </td> <td>Attempted rape of a woman </td> <td>Moved to a separate jail for safekeeping, kidnapped from the second jail by four men, and lynched in public the day after his kidnapping.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_Taylor" title="Lynching of Jim Taylor">Taylor, Jim</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Tennessee" title="Williamson County, Tennessee">Williamson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>April 30, 1891</td> <td>Shooting a policeman</td> <td>Taken from his jail cell by a mob and lynched on Murfreesboro Road.<a href="#cite_note-dailyamericanjudgelynch1891-157">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clark, Robert</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Tennessee" title="Bristol, Tennessee">Bristol</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee" title="Sullivan County, Tennessee">Sullivan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>June 13, 1891</td> <td>Rape</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Murray#Andy_Ford_lynched" title="Harmon Murray">Ford, Andrew</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>August 24, 1891</td> <td>Beating a man, aiding <a href="/wiki/Harmon_Murray" title="Harmon Murray">Harmon Murray</a></td> <td>Taken from jail by mob and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ortiz, Louis</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washoe_County,_Nevada" title="Washoe County, Nevada">Washoe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></td> <td>September 19, 1891</td> <td>Shooting of Officer Dick Nash</td> <td>A repeat, violent, intoxicated offender was arrested for shooting the town's night watchman. Prior to due process, a vigilante crew freed Ortiz from jail at gunpoint and hanged him from the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Street_Bridge" title="Virginia Street Bridge">Virginia Street Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Coe" title="Lynching of Joe Coe">Smith, George</a> (AKA Joe Coe)</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="9">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Nebraska" title="Douglas County, Nebraska">Douglas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>October 10, 1891</td> <td>Assault on a white girl of five</td> <td>The Governor and the sheriff tried unsuccessfully to quiet the crowd in front of the courthouse. Pieces of the lynching rope were sold as souvenirs. Despite 16 wounds to his body and three broken vertebrae, Coroner said he died of "fright". Grand jury declined to indict. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman#Lynching_and_race" title="Benjamin Tillman">Lundy, Dick</a></td> <td>Adult</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgefield,_South_Carolina" title="Edgefield, South Carolina">Edgefield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgefield_County,_South_Carolina" title="Edgefield County, South Carolina">Edgefield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>December 1891</td> <td>Murder of son of sheriff</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coroner" title="Coroner">Coroner</a>'s jury: "by persons unknown" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldo,_Florida" title="Waldo, Florida">Waldo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>1892</td> <td>Suspicion of burglary and incendiarism</td> <td>Hanged.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hinson, Henry</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micanopy,_Florida" title="Micanopy, Florida">Micanopy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 12, 1892</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Corbin, Henry</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Ohio" title="Oxford, Ohio">Oxford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Ohio" title="Butler County, Ohio">Butler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>January 14, 1892</td> <td>Death of a white woman.</td> <td>Taken from jail and hanged/<a href="#cite_note-Hmdb_Website-78">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coy, Edward</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Arkansas" title="Texarkana, Arkansas">Texarkana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miller_County,_Arkansas" title="Miller County, Arkansas">Miller</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>February 20, 1892</td> <td>Attacked a white women</td> <td>Burned<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Grocery_lynchings" title="People's Grocery lynchings">Moss, Thomas</a></td> <td>38–39</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td rowspan="3">March 9, 1892</td> <td rowspan="3">Complaint from competing white grocery store owner.</td> <td rowspan="3">So-called Curve Riot (not a riot). Reported on by <a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a>, whose newspaper was destroyed and had to leave the state.<a href="#cite_note-Memphis-164">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Grocery_lynchings" title="People's Grocery lynchings">McDowell, Calvin</a></td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Grocery_lynchings" title="People's Grocery lynchings">Stewart, Will</a></td> <td>Adult </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bright, John Wesley</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forsyth,_Missouri" title="Forsyth, Missouri">Forsyth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taney_County,_Missouri" title="Taney County, Missouri">Taney</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>March 16, 1892</td> <td>Killing his wife</td> <td>Deputy Sheriff George Williams killed by mob who then shot and killed prisoner<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Heflin, Lee</td> <td>29</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td rowspan="2">March 18, 1892</td> <td rowspan="2">Convicted murderer</td> <td rowspan="2">Seized from police when they were trying to move him to a safer location.<a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dye, Joseph</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ephraim_Grizzard" title="Lynching of Ephraim Grizzard">Grizzard, Henry</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="6">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>April 27, 1892</td> <td rowspan="2">Assaulting two white girls in <a href="/wiki/Goodlettsville,_Tennessee" title="Goodlettsville, Tennessee">Goodlettsville</a>.</td> <td rowspan="2">Taken out of his prison cell and lynched on a bridge in downtown Nashville in front of 10,000 onlookers. Later taken back to Goodlettsville.<a href="#cite_note-courierfinallysuccessful-167">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ephraim_Grizzard" title="Lynching of Ephraim Grizzard">Grizzard, Ephraim</a></td> <td>44–45</td> <td>April 30, 1892 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Redmond, Jim</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Clarkesville,_Georgia" title="Clarkesville, Georgia">Clarkesville</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Habersham_County,_Georgia" title="Habersham County, Georgia">Habersham</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="3">May 17, 1892</td> <td rowspan="3">Arrested for the fatal assault of Toccoa City Marshal James Carter.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></td> <td rowspan="3">Due to threats against the suspects, they were transferred to a jail in Clarkesville, 15 miles east of <a href="/wiki/Toccoa,_Georgia" title="Toccoa, Georgia">Toccoa</a>. A week after their arrest, a mob surrounded the jail, overpowered the guards, and dragged the three suspects out of their cells. Using chains and padlocks, the three victims were hanged from a single tree.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roberson, Gus</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Addison, Bob</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Taylor, James</td> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kennedyville,_Maryland" title="Kennedyville, Maryland">Kennedyville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Maryland" title="Kent County, Maryland">Kent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>May 19, 1892</td> <td>Accused of the rape of 11-year-old Nettie (Nellie) Silcox on May 16, 1892</td> <td>By 9:00 p.m. on May 19, nearly 1,000 men and women gathered at the jail. A body of masked men carrying an assortment of weapons demanded the Sheriff open the jail's door. When the Sheriff refused, the men used a sledgehammer to breach the door rushed in, and swiftly overpowered the Sheriff and other officers on duty. The mob placed a rope around Taylor's neck and dragged him down the steps and out of the jail into Cross Street. They hanged him from a tree just outside the city limits at a point between the Rockwell House and the old Armstrong Hotel.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stewart, Charles</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perryville,_Arkansas" title="Perryville, Arkansas">Perryville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Arkansas" title="Perry County, Arkansas">Perry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>May 21, 1892</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Suspect killed Deputy Sheriff T Holmes while escaping from jail; lynched by posse.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(lynching_victim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lewis (lynching victim)">Lewis, Robert</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Jervis,_New_York" title="Port Jervis, New York">Port Jervis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>June 2, 1892</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Hanged.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bates, William</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Tennessee" title="Shelbyville, Tennessee">Shelbyville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Tennessee" title="Bedford County, Tennessee">Bedford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>June 27, 1892</td> <td>Alleged murder of his wife</td> <td>Mob formed as officers were transporting Bates to jail. He was hanged.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Ruggles_brothers" title="Lynching of the Ruggles brothers">Ruggles, John</a></td> <td>33</td> <td rowspan="15">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Redding,_California" title="Redding, California">Redding</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 24, 1892</td> <td rowspan="2">Stagecoach robbery and murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged from a derrick </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Ruggles_brothers" title="Lynching of the Ruggles brothers">Ruggles, Charles</a></td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_(lynching_victim)" title="Henry Smith (lynching victim)">Smith, Henry</a></td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas" title="Paris, Texas">Paris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Texas" title="Lamar County, Texas">Lamar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>February 1, 1893</td> <td>Kidnapping and murder of white girl; Smith confessed under duress.</td> <td>Tortured, burned with hot irons, doused in oil and set afire; his remains were sold as souvenirs. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark,_South_Carolina#History" title="Denmark, South Carolina">Peterson, John</a></td> <td>Adult</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark,_South_Carolina" title="Denmark, South Carolina">Denmark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_County,_South_Carolina" title="Bamberg County, South Carolina">Bamberg</a> (at the time, <a href="/wiki/Barnwell_County,_South_Carolina" title="Barnwell County, South Carolina">Barnwell</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>April 24, 1893</td> <td>Attack on a white girl</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Alfred_Blount" title="Lynching of Alfred Blount">Blount, Alfred</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamilton County, Tennessee">Hamilton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>February 9, 1893</td> <td>Assault</td> <td>Beaten, stabbed, and hanged from <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Street_Bridge_(Chattanooga)" title="Walnut Street Bridge (Chattanooga)">Walnut Street Bridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_J._Bush" title="Lynching of Samuel J. Bush">Bush, Samuel J.</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Illinois" title="Macon County, Illinois">Macon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>June 3, 1893</td> <td>Rape of a white woman, Minnie Cameron Vest</td> <td>Hanged from a telephone pole at the corner of Wood and Water streets </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shorter, William</td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></td> <td>N/A (independent city)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>June 13, 1893</td> <td>Assault on a white woman</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miller, C.J.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bardwell,_Kentucky" title="Bardwell, Kentucky">Bardwell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_County,_Kentucky" title="Carlisle County, Kentucky">Carlisle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>July 7, 1893</td> <td>Killing two white girls</td> <td>Despite no evidence that he was the murderer, he was taken from jail and hanged and his dead body cremated. Investigated by journalist <a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willis, Charles</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rochelle,_Florida" title="Rochelle, Florida">Rochelle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 12, 1894</td> <td>Being a "<a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">desperado</a>"<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a></td> <td>Shot and burned in bed.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Richard_Puryear" title="Lynching of Richard Puryear">Puryear, Richard</a></td> <td>about 35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stroudsburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania">Stroudsburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>March 15, 1894</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Lynched by a mob after escaping from jail.<a href="#cite_note-:0-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Springs,_Mississippi#Lynching" title="Rocky Springs, Mississippi">Hicks, Amos</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Rocky Springs, Mississippi">Rocky Springs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_County,_Mississippi" title="Claiborne County, Mississippi">Claiborne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>May 17, 1894</td> <td>Arson</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Stephen_Williams" title="Lynching of Stephen Williams">Williams, Stephen</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Marlboro,_Maryland" title="Upper Marlboro, Maryland">Upper Marlboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 20, 1894</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Hanged from a bridge and shot </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rawls, William</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newnansville,_Florida" title="Newnansville, Florida">Newnansville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>April 2, 1895</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged and shot.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland#Incorporation_and_disincorporation" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Henson, Jacob</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Ellicott City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland" title="Howard County, Maryland">Howard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>May 28, 1895</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Divers, Emmett</td> <td>Adult</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulton,_Missouri" title="Fulton, Missouri">Fulton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Callaway_County,_Missouri" title="Callaway County, Missouri">Callaway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>August 15, 1895</td> <td>Murder of a white woman; Jennie E. Cain</td> <td>"Horrible fury of the mob...500 horsemen." Hanged from bridge until dead, taken down and hanged a second time from a telegraph pole at the fairground, "at the request of the murdered woman's husband, John William Cain". Body and cabin burned.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black farm hand </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simpson_County,_Mississippi" title="Simpson County, Mississippi">Simpson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>August 30, 1895 </td> <td>Being the father to the child of a 14 year old white girl he had been intimate with. She confessed to being intimate with one of the black farm hands after the child she birthed was black<a href="#cite_note-Argus18950905-182">[181]</a> </td> <td>He was captured by an angry mob who took him to a tree and hanged him then riddled his body with bullets.<a href="#cite_note-Argus18950905-182">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suiato, Floantina</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotulla,_Texas" title="Cotulla, Texas">Cotulla</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_County,_Texas" title="La Salle County, Texas">La Salle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>October 12, 1895</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>10 masked man went into the jail where Suiato was being held, took him to the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Nueces_River" title="Nueces River">Nueces River</a>, where they hanged him from a tree and riddled his body with bullets<a href="#cite_note-Suiato-183">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hilliard, Robert Henson</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dewitt_County,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewitt County, Texas">Dewitt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>October 29, 1895</td> <td>Rape and murder of a white woman</td> <td>Burned.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Smith" title="Killing of George Smith">Smith, George</a></td> <td></td> <td>English</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ransomville,_New_York" title="Ransomville, New York">Ransomville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York" title="Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>January 10, 1896</td> <td>Alleged murder of his father-on-law and wounding a posseman</td> <td>Shot by mob; ruled by coroner as suicide </td></tr> <tr> <td>Castellán, Aureliano</td> <td></td> <td>Latin</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bexar_County,_Texas" title="Bexar County, Texas">Bexar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>January 30, 1896</td> <td>Accused of looking at a white woman</td> <td>Shot and burned<a href="#cite_note-Aureliano-186">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crawford, Foster</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Wichita Falls">Wichita Falls</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wichita_County,_Texas" title="Wichita County, Texas">Wichita</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">February 26, 1896</td> <td rowspan="2">Bank robbery and killing of cashier Frank Dorsey</td> <td rowspan="2">On February 25, 1896, two cowboys robbed the city national bank, murdered cashier Frank Dorsey and stole $410. They were eventually arrested. On the night of February 26, 1896, a mob stormed the prison, dragged the pair from the jail and hanged them in front of the bank building<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lewis, Elmer "Kid"</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cocking, Joseph</td> <td>34–35</td> <td>English</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Tobacco_Village,_Maryland" title="Port Tobacco Village, Maryland">Port Tobacco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland" title="Charles County, Maryland">Charles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>June 28, 1896</td> <td>Murder of his wife and sister-in-law</td> <td>Hanged on a bridge at the outskirts of town<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Randolph, Sidney</td> <td>Adult</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaithersburg,_Maryland" title="Gaithersburg, Maryland">Gaithersburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>July 4, 1896</td> <td>Killing a white girl</td> <td>Taken from the jail by a mob.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saladino, Lorenzo</td> <td>33–36</td> <td rowspan="3">Italian</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hahnville" class="mw-redirect" title="Hahnville">Hahnville</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Charles Parish, Louisiana">St. Charles</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td rowspan="3">August 8, 1896</td> <td rowspan="3">Murder</td> <td rowspan="3">Saladino was accused of murdering a wealthy merchant. Arena and Venturella happened to have been in the same prison, accused of a different murder. All were rounded up together and lynched to "teach the lawless Italians a salutary lesson." After the lynching, another person confessed to the murder for which Arena and Venturella had been lynched.<a href="#cite_note-Lorenzo-192">[191]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arena, Salvatore</td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Venturella, Giuseppe</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daniels, Alfred</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Florida" title="Gainesville, Florida">Gainesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>November 26, 1896</td> <td>Suspicion of arson (barn burning) (no evidence)</td> <td>Taken by mob on way to jail, hanged and shot.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_H._McCoy" title="Lynching of Joseph H. McCoy">McCoy, Joseph</a></td> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></td> <td>N/A (independent city)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>April 23, 1897</td> <td>Assault on a young girl</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mitchell, Charles</td> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Ohio" title="Urbana, Ohio">Urbana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County,_Ohio" title="Champaign County, Ohio">Champaign</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>June 4, 1897</td> <td>Robbery/rape</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Andrews" title="Lynching of William Andrews">Andrews, William</a></td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne,_Maryland" title="Princess Anne, Maryland">Princess Anne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maryland" title="Somerset County, Maryland">Somerset</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>June 9, 1897</td> <td>Assault</td> <td>Hanged from a walnut tree. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holy Track, Paul</td> <td>19</td> <td rowspan="3">Native American</td> <td rowspan="3">Williamsport</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Emmons_County,_North_Dakota" title="Emmons County, North Dakota">Emmons</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td rowspan="3">November 13, 1897</td> <td rowspan="3">Murder of a white family</td> <td rowspan="3">Hanged from a beef <a href="/wiki/Windlass" title="Windlass">windlass</a><a href="#cite_note-native-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coudot, Alex</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland, Phillip</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Murray, James</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonanza,_Arkansas" title="Bonanza, Arkansas">Bonanza</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_County,_Arkansas" title="Sebastian County, Arkansas">Sebastian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>December 6, 1897</td> <td></td> <td>Victim was a law officer who was shot and lynched by friends of a man who had been arrested for murder<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seminole_burning" title="Seminole burning">McGeisey, Lincoln</a></td> <td>18</td> <td rowspan="2">Seminole</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maud,_Oklahoma" title="Maud, Oklahoma">Maud</a></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a></td> <td rowspan="2">January 8, 1898</td> <td rowspan="2">Alleged rape, murder, and necrophilia</td> <td rowspan="2">Burned alive </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seminole_burning" title="Seminole burning">Sampson, Palmer</a></td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Frazier_B._Baker_and_Julia_Baker" title="Lynching of Frazier B. Baker and Julia Baker">Baker, Frazier B.</a></td> <td>41</td> <td rowspan="9">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_South_Carolina" title="Lake City, South Carolina">Lake City</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florence_County,_South_Carolina" title="Florence County, South Carolina">Florence</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="2">February 22, 1898</td> <td>Appointed <a href="/wiki/Postmaster" title="Postmaster">Postmaster</a></td> <td rowspan="2">House burned by white mob. Infant daughter killed. Grand jury did not indict. Since it was a <a href="/wiki/Federal_crime_in_the_United_States" title="Federal crime in the United States">federal crime</a> (attack on a postmaster), there were 13 Federal indictments; no one was convicted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Frazier_B._Baker_and_Julia_Baker" title="Lynching of Frazier B. Baker and Julia Baker">Baker, Julia</a></td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Garfield_King" title="Lynching of Garfield King">King, Garfield</a></td> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland" title="Salisbury, Maryland">Salisbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland" title="Wicomico County, Maryland">Wicomico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>May 25, 1898</td> <td>Shooting a white man</td> <td>Hanged from a tree outside the courthouse; shot and beaten.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Henry_James" title="Lynching of John Henry James">James, John Henry</a></td> <td>Adult</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a> (near)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albemarle_County,_Virginia" title="Albemarle County, Virginia">Albemarle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>July 12, 1898</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Hanged and shot by a mob. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Anderson</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Alabama" title="LaFayette, Alabama">LaFayette</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chambers_County,_Alabama" title="Chambers County, Alabama">Chambers</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>October 23, 1898</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged <a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wright Smith</td> <td>56</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 5, 1898</td> <td>Alleged assault of Mary Morrison.</td> <td>Wright Smith was identified by Mary Morrison as the man who broke into her house and assaulted her. Mob broke Smith out of jail and riddled his body with bullets.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F. W. Stewart</td> <td>Adult</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lacon,_Illinois" title="Lacon, Illinois">Lacon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Illinois" title="Marshall County, Illinois">Marshall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>November 7, 1898</td> <td>Alleged assault of Mary O'Brien</td> <td>O'Brien was the daughter of a miner. About 100 miners broke into the county jail, abducted Stewart, and hanged him.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_election_riot" title="Phoenix election riot">Eight or more</a></td> <td></td> <td>Phoenix</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_County,_South_Carolina" title="Greenwood County, South Carolina">Greenwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>November 1898</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_election_riot" title="Phoenix election riot">Phoenix election riot</a></td> <td>Eight or more men were lynched.<a href="#cite_note-SCEncyclopedia-202">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Sam_Hose" title="Lynching of Sam Hose">Sam Hose</a></td> <td>about 24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newnan,_Georgia" title="Newnan, Georgia">Newnan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coweta_County,_Georgia" title="Coweta County, Georgia">Coweta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>April 23, 1899</td> <td>Killed his white employer in self-defense. Accusations of rape added to incite lynching.</td> <td>Body parts for sale in a store. Widely publicized and privately investigated. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francesco DiFatta</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="5">Italian</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Tallulah,_Louisiana" title="Tallulah, Louisiana">Tallulah</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Madison_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Madison Parish, Louisiana">Madison</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td rowspan="5">July 20, 1899</td> <td rowspan="5">Shooting a doctor</td> <td rowspan="5">Sicilian immigrant grocery store owners, the DiFatta brothers, quarreled with a local doctor. The doctor fired his pistol at Carlo and was immediately shot and injured by Giuseppe. Sicilian immigrants Cerami and Fiducia were not involved in the dispute and had simply been nearby when the lynching occurred; they were rounded up and lynched alongside the DiFatta brothers because they were Italian.<a href="#cite_note-DiFatta-203">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giuseppe DiFatta</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pasquale DiFatta</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giovanni Cerami</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rosario Fiducia</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frank Embree</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Missouri" title="Fayette, Missouri">Fayette</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Missouri" title="Howard County, Missouri">Howard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>July 29, 1899</td> <td>Charged with assaulting a 14-year-old girl</td> <td>Taken from officers and lynched<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benjamin Thomas</td> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></td> <td>N/A (independent city)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>August 8, 1899</td> <td>Attempting to criminally assault an eight-year-old white girl<a href="#cite_note-auto-148">[147]</a></td> <td>Hanged from a lamppost at Cameron and Lee Sts., site of several lynchings.<a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Martin Severts</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lituya_Bay" title="Lituya Bay">Lituya Bay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough,_Alaska" title="Unorganized Borough, Alaska">Unorganized</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Territory">Alaska Territory</a></td> <td>October 1899</td> <td>Murder of a miner</td> <td>Hanged from a tree following a mock trial at his own request<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–1909">1900–1909</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1900–1909">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td>Watt, W.W.</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></td> <td>an <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent city</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>January 5, 1900</td> <td>Assault</td> <td>Shot<a href="#cite_note-lynch-209">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gause, Anderson</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henning,_Tennessee" title="Henning, Tennessee">Henning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Tennessee" title="Lauderdale County, Tennessee">Lauderdale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>January 16, 1900</td> <td>Helping two Black prisoners to escape who had killed two law officers.</td> <td>Mr. Gause was hanged from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-lynch-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Silsbee, George<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Scott,_Kansas" title="Fort Scott, Kansas">Fort Scott</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_County,_Kansas" title="Bourbon County, Kansas">Bourbon</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">January 20, 1900</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Taken from jail and lynched<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Silsbee, Ed</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cotton, Walter</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greensville_County,_Virginia" title="Greensville County, Virginia">Greensville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td rowspan="2">March 24, 1900</td> <td rowspan="2">Accused of murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Cotton killed by a white mob; O'Grady Killed by African-American mob<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>O'Grady, Brandt</td> <td></td> <td>White </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lee, William</td> <td>29</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinton,_West_Virginia" title="Hinton, West Virginia">Hinton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Summers_County,_West_Virginia" title="Summers County, West Virginia">Summers</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td> <td>May 11, 1900</td> <td>Assault on a white woman</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pete, Dago</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tutwiler,_Mississippi" title="Tutwiler, Mississippi">Tutwiler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tallahatchie_County,_Mississippi" title="Tallahatchie County, Mississippi">Tallahatchie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>June 1900</td> <td>Assaulted colored woman</td> <td>Killed by African-American mob<a href="#cite_note-lynch-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wright, Charlotte</td> <td>62</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilman,_Illinois" title="Gilman, Illinois">Gilman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_County,_Illinois" title="Iroquois County, Illinois">Iroquois</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>August 27, 1900</td> <td>Performed an abortion that killed a 16-year-old girl</td> <td>Shot during shoot-out with sheriff and angry mob that set fire to her home<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forest_City_lynching" title="Forest City lynching">Mills, Avery</a></td> <td>about 22</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forest_City,_North_Carolina" title="Forest City, North Carolina">Forest City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_County,_North_Carolina" title="Rutherford County, North Carolina">Rutherford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>August 29, 1900</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td>Porter, Preston</td> <td>15</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limon,_Colorado" title="Limon, Colorado">Limon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Colorado" title="Lincoln County, Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td>November 16, 1900</td> <td>Rape and murder of a 12 year old white girl</td> <td>Burned alive by a mob<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Holly,_Bud_Rowland,_and_Jim_Henderson" title="Lynching of Joe Holly, Bud Rowland, and Jim Henderson">Rowland, Bud</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rockport,_Indiana" title="Rockport, Indiana">Rockport</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_County,_Indiana" title="Spencer County, Indiana">Spencer</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td rowspan="2">December 16, 1900</td> <td rowspan="3">Murder</td> <td>Hanged from a tree on the east side of the Rockport courthouse before shooting his body with bullets </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Holly,_Bud_Rowland,_and_Jim_Henderson" title="Lynching of Joe Holly, Bud Rowland, and Jim Henderson">Henderson, Jim</a></td> <td></td> <td>Shot in his cell, dragged across the courtyard, hanged next to Rowland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Holly,_Bud_Rowland,_and_Jim_Henderson" title="Lynching of Joe Holly, Bud Rowland, and Jim Henderson">Holly, Joe</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boonville,_Indiana" title="Boonville, Indiana">Boonville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrick_County,_Indiana" title="Warrick County, Indiana">Warrick</a></td> <td>December 17, 1900</td> <td>Hanged in front of the Boonville Courthouse </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Fred_Alexander" title="Lynching of Fred Alexander">Alexander, Fred</a></td> <td>22</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leavenworth_County,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth County, Kansas">Leavenworth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></td> <td>January 15, 1901</td> <td>Rape and murder allegations</td> <td>Lynched and burned at stake<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carter, George</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Kentucky" title="Paris, Kentucky">Paris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_County,_Kentucky" title="Bourbon County, Kentucky">Bourbon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>February 11, 1901</td> <td>"Assaulting a white woman."</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Berryman, Peter</td> <td>45</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mena,_Arkansas" title="Mena, Arkansas">Mena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Arkansas" title="Polk County, Arkansas">Polk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>February 20, 1901</td> <td>Kicking a young White girl</td> <td>Beaten, shot, and hanged<a href="#cite_note-Berryman-222">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Ward" title="Lynching of George Ward">Ward, George</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">Terre Haute</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vigo_County,_Indiana" title="Vigo County, Indiana">Vigo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>February 26, 1901</td> <td>Suspected of murder of a white woman</td> <td>Struck in head with sledgehammer. Hanged from bridge, burned; toes and hobnails from boots kept as souvenirs.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ballie_Crutchfield" title="Lynching of Ballie Crutchfield">Crutchfield, Ballie</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome,_Tennessee" title="Rome, Tennessee">Rome</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smith_County,_Tennessee" title="Smith County, Tennessee">Smith</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>March 15, 1901</td> <td>Revenge for an alleged theft committed by the victim's brother</td> <td>Bound, shot, and thrown in a creek </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rochelle" title="Fred Rochelle">Rochelle, Fred</a></td> <td>16</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartow,_Florida" title="Bartow, Florida">Bartow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Florida" title="Polk County, Florida">Polk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>May 29, 1901</td> <td>Murder and rape of a white woman</td> <td>Doused with kerosene and burned. Special train from <a href="/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida" title="Lakeland, Florida">Lakeland</a> to see the "barbecue". </td></tr> <tr> <td>Godley, William</td> <td>32</td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pierce_City,_Missouri" title="Pierce City, Missouri">Pierce</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Missouri" title="Lawrence County, Missouri">Lawrence</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td rowspan="3">August 20, 1901</td> <td>Murder of a white woman</td> <td>Seized from jail by mob and lynched. Mob subsequently went on a rampage in a nearby black community<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Godley, French</td> <td>70</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td>William's grandfather; shot to death </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hampton, Peter</td> <td></td> <td>Burned alive in his home </td></tr> <tr> <td>Estes, Silas</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hodgenville,_Kentucky" title="Hodgenville, Kentucky">Hodgenville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/LaRue_County,_Kentucky" title="LaRue County, Kentucky">LaRue</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>October 31, 1901</td> <td>"Forcing...a 15 year old boy...to commit a crime."</td> <td>Mr. Estes was taken from his jail cell at 2:00 a.m. by a mob of 50 or 75 persons and hanged in front of the courthouse.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yellow Wolf, John</td> <td></td> <td>Native American (Sioux)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deadwood,_South_Dakota" title="Deadwood, South Dakota">Deadwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_South_Dakota" title="Lawrence County, South Dakota">Lawrence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></td> <td>January 18, 1902</td> <td>Horse stealing</td> <td>After being released from jail, he was given a worthless horse and saddle, while on his way to the reservation he grew up in, he spotted a young horse that he wanted. A group of men took over Yellow Wolf and hanged him from a tree near White River.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carter, James</td> <td>20</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Virginia" title="Amherst, Virginia">Amherst</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amherst_County,_Virginia" title="Amherst County, Virginia">Amherst</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>April 5, 1902</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chatham_County,_Georgia" title="Chatham County, Georgia">Chatham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>April 16, 1902</td> <td>Accused of assaulting white woman and killing her son</td> <td>Suspect Richard Young was sought on March 27, 1902, injuring Mrs Fountain and mortally injuring her son Dower Fountain.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> Victim was hanged and burned in a swamp<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> However, victim was not suspect Richard Young-since Richard Young and accomplice James Stewart were captured, tried and sentenced to prison in June 1902<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gillespie, James</td> <td>11</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina" title="Salisbury, North Carolina">Salisbury</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rowan_County,_North_Carolina" title="Rowan County, North Carolina">Rowan</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="2">June 11, 1902</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of a white woman</td> <td rowspan="2">Two brothers were accused of stoning a neighbor to death. Hanged by a mob of an estimated 400 persons and their bodies shot dozens of times.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gillespie, Harrison</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Craven, Charles</td> <td>22</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>July 31, 1902</td> <td>Assault</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Price, Manny</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_Florida" title="Newberry, Florida">Newberry</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td rowspan="2">September 1, 1902</td> <td>Murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Taken by mob on way to jail, hanged and shot.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scruggs, Robert</td> <td></td> <td>Suspected accomplice </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alonzo_Tucker" title="Killing of Alonzo Tucker">Tucker, Alonzo</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coos_Bay,_Oregon" title="Coos Bay, Oregon">Marshfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coos_County,_Oregon" title="Coos County, Oregon">Coos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></td> <td>September 18, 1902</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Shot, hanged from 7th Street bridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brown, Curtis and Burley, Garfield</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newbern,_Tennessee" title="Newbern, Tennessee">Newbern</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dyer_County,_Tennessee" title="Dyer County, Tennessee">Dyer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>October 8, 1902</td> <td>One confessed to murder of a white man and claimed the other was accomplice</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_Dillard" title="Lynching of James Dillard">Dillard, James</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sullivan,_Indiana" title="Sullivan, Indiana">Sullivan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Indiana" title="Sullivan County, Indiana">Sullivan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>November 20, 1902</td> <td>Accused of sexually assaulting two white women</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vazquez and Unknown Mexican</td> <td>17, unknown</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huachuca_Mountains" title="Huachuca Mountains">Huachuca Mountains</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cochise_County,_Arizona" title="Cochise County, Arizona">Cochise</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona Territory</a></td> <td>1903</td> <td>Stealing cattle and skinning stolen beef</td> <td>Vazquez was found hanging from the tree and was suspected to be one of the Mexicans stealing cattle from the ranch of Will Parker, who discovered the 17 year old. Three Mexicans were also caught nearby skinning stolen beef, with which they tried to escape arrest, but one of the Mexicans who did was fatally shot.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fambro, William</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Griffin,_Georgia" title="Griffin, Georgia">Griffin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spalding_County,_Georgia" title="Spalding County, Georgia">Spalding</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>February 24, 1903</td> <td>Insulted white home</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Chronological_1903-239">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Johnson" title="Lynching of William Johnson">Johnson, William</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Illinois" title="Thebes, Illinois">Thebes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_County,_Illinois" title="Alexander County, Illinois">Alexander</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>April 26, 1903</td> <td>Assaulting a girl</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-Illinois_Mob_Lynches_Negro-240">[239]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malone, "Rev" D.M.</td> <td>50</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wardell,_Missouri" title="Wardell, Missouri">Wardell, Missouri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pemiscot_County,_Missouri" title="Pemiscot County, Missouri">Pemiscot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>May 3, 1903</td> <td>Suspect had been arrested for living with woman not his wife</td> <td>When mob burned the man's house down, Constable W. J. Monneyhan placed man under arrest in his own home to protect him. Officer was killed by mob, who then shot and killed prisoner.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jarvis, Washington</td> <td>25</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Florida" title="Madison, Florida">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Florida" title="Madison County, Florida">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>May 20, 1903</td> <td>Accused of murdering his cousin.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>June 1903</td> <td>Assaulted African American woman and a white girl</td> <td>Hanged on tripod<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Wyatt" title="Lynching of David Wyatt">Wyatt, David</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Illinois" title="Brooklyn, Illinois">Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Illinois" title="St. Clair County, Illinois">St. Clair</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>June 6, 1903</td> <td>Shooting superintendent Charles Hertel</td> <td>Hanged from a telephone pole and burned. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_White" title="Lynching of George White">White, George</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td>June 23, 1903</td> <td>Accused of sexually assaulting and stabbing to death an 18-year-old girl</td> <td>Taken from the city jail by a mob and burned alive.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gorman, Jim and Walters, J.P.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basin,_Wyoming" title="Basin, Wyoming">Basin, Wyoming</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Horn_County,_Wyoming" title="Big Horn County, Wyoming">Big Horn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></td> <td>July 19, 1903</td> <td>each accused of a murder</td> <td>Deputy Sheriff C. E. Pierce was killed by mob, who then shot the prisoners<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Steers, Jennie</td> <td>Adult</td> <td>African American</td> <td>rural area near <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Caddo Parish">Caddo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>July 25, 1903</td> <td>Poisoning daughter of a planter</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-James-250">[249]</a>: 70  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danville_race_riot" title="Danville race riot">Mayfield, J. D.</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Illinois" title="Danville, Illinois">Danville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_County,_Illinois" title="Vermilion County, Illinois">Vermilion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>July 25, 1903</td> <td>Murder of Henry Gatterman, member a mob intending to lynch James Wilson</td> <td>Hanged from a telephone pole. Body burned, shot, and hacked. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Surasky" title="Abraham Surasky">Surasky, Abraham</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>Jewish-American</td> <td>rural area near <a href="/wiki/Aiken,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken, South Carolina">Aiken</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_County,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken County, South Carolina">Aiken</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>July 29, 1903</td> <td>Being a Jewish-American peddler who was helping the murderer's wife carry some things to her house.</td> <td>Murdered by gun and ax; an anti-Semitic murder.<a href="#cite_note-The_Old_World_Meets_the_New-251">[250]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lee, "General"</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reevesville,_South_Carolina" title="Reevesville, South Carolina">Reevesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_County,_South_Carolina" title="Dorchester County, South Carolina">Dorchester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>January 13, 1904</td> <td>Knocking on the door of a white woman's house</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clark, Jumbo</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Springs,_Florida" title="High Springs, Florida">High Springs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 14, 1904</td> <td>Assault of 14 year old white girl</td> <td>Taken by mob on way to jail, hanged and shot.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luther_Holbert" title="Luther Holbert">Holbert, Luther</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Doddsville,_Mississippi" title="Doddsville, Mississippi">Doddsville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_County,_Mississippi" title="Sunflower County, Mississippi">Sunflower</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">February 7, 1904</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of a white landowner</td> <td rowspan="2">Tortured and burned alive; crowd of some 600 attended the lynching.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unnamed female</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Richard_Dickerson" title="Lynching of Richard Dickerson">Dickerson, Richard</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Ohio" title="Clark County, Ohio">Clark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>March 7, 1904</td> <td>Murder of a Patrolman Charles B. Collis<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a></td> <td>Shot and then hanged<a href="#cite_note-Mob-255">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-Springfield-256">[255]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Marie_Thompson" title="Lynching of Marie Thompson">Thompson, Marie</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_Junction,_Kentucky" title="Lebanon Junction, Kentucky">Lebanon Junction</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bullitt_County,_Kentucky" title="Bullitt County, Kentucky">Bullitt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>June 15, 1904</td> <td>Killing John Irvin, a white landowner</td> <td>Hanged from a tree, escaped and was shot. Died the following day in jail of her injuries. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paul_Reed_and_Will_Cato" title="Lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato">Cato, Will</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Statesboro,_Georgia" title="Statesboro, Georgia">Statesboro</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bulloch_County,_Georgia" title="Bulloch County, Georgia">Bulloch</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="2">August 16, 1904</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of five members of a family</td> <td rowspan="2">Seized by mob from courthouse after conviction for murder, chained to stump and burned </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paul_Reed_and_Will_Cato" title="Lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato">Reed, Paul</a></td> <td>25–26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Horace_Maples" title="Lynching of Horace Maples">Maples, Horace</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>September 7, 1904</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Mob of 2,000 burned jail where he was held, then hanged and shot him.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Munoz, Carlos</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas" title="Lockhart, Texas">Lockhart</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Texas" title="Caldwell County, Texas">Caldwell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1905</td> <td>Assaulting a White woman</td> <td>After assaulting one of the farmers' wives, Munoz ran off where officers captured him and tried protecting him, but were overpowered by the mob of 40+ people who dragged him to into the woods, where they shot and hanged Munoz.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Aycock, Alonzo</a></td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville,_Georgia" title="Watkinsville, Georgia">Watkinsville</a></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Oconee_County,_Georgia" title="Oconee County, Georgia">Oconee</a></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="8">June 30, 1905</td> <td>Murder of a man and his wife</td> <td rowspan="8">Shot<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Elder, Claude</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td rowspan="3">Accomplice to murder </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Robinson, Lewis</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Robinson, Richard</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Allen, Richard</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td>Murder </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Yerby, Gene</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td>Theft </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Harris, Robert</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td>Assault </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Price, Sandy</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>African American</td> <td>Attempted rape </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goodman, Augustus</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bainbridge,_Georgia" title="Bainbridge, Georgia">Bainbridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Decatur_County,_Georgia" title="Decatur County, Georgia">Decatur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>November 4, 1905</td> <td>Accused of killing Decatur County Sherriff Martin C. Stegall on October 29, 1905</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richardson, Bunk</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_Alabama" title="Gadsden, Alabama">Gadsden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Etowah_County,_Alabama" title="Etowah County, Alabama">Etowah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>February 11, 1906</td> <td>Not charged</td> <td>Was arrested/held as a witness for one of three defendants accused of rape and murder of a white woman. The three defendants were sentenced to death, but the governor commuted to life one man's sentence. Angry at the lighter sentence, a mob seized Richardson from the jail and hanged him from a train trestle over the <a href="/wiki/Coosa_River" title="Coosa River">Coosa River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ed_Johnson" title="Lynching of Ed Johnson">Johnson, Ed</a></td> <td>23–24</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamilton County, Tennessee">Hamilton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>March 19, 1906</td> <td>Rape of white woman</td> <td>Hanged from <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Street_Bridge_(Chattanooga)" title="Walnut Street Bridge (Chattanooga)">Walnut Street Bridge</a>. Sheriff and two others sentenced to three months in jail, three others to two months, for abetting the lynching. Only criminal case ever with direct involvement of the U.S. Supreme Court; see <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Shipp" title="United States v. Shipp">United States v. Shipp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Duncan, Horace B.</td> <td>20</td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri">Greene</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td rowspan="3">April 14, 1906</td> <td rowspan="3">Assault of white woman</td> <td rowspan="3">Fred Coker, Horace B. Duncan, and William (Bill) Allen were lynched by large mob of white citizens, though they were innocent. All three suspects were hanged from the Gottfried Tower, which held a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>, and burned in the courthouse square by a mob of more than 2,000 citizens. Duncan's and Coker's employer testified that they were at his business at the time of the crime against Edwards, and other evidence suggested that they and Allen were all innocent. After the mass lynching in Springfield, many African Americans left the area in a large exodus. Judge Azariah W. Lincoln called for a grand jury, but no one was prosecuted. The proceedings were covered by national newspapers, the New York Times and Los Angeles Times. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coker, Fred</td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Allen, William</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gillepsie, Nease</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="5">African American</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina" title="Salisbury, North Carolina">Salisbury</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Rowan_County,_North_Carolina" title="Rowan County, North Carolina">Rowan</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="5">August 6, 1906</td> <td rowspan="5">Accused of murdering a family</td> <td rowspan="5">The five men were arrested and accused of the murder several members of a local white family, the Lyerlys. When returned for a court hearing and while under heavy guard, a mob led by George Hall pulled Dillingham and the Gillepsies, father and son, from their jail cells. They were paraded through the town and hanged from a tree<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> at the Henderson Ballground near the corner of Long and Henderson Streets.<a href="#cite_note-a_red_record-268">[267]</a> George Hall, a leading member of the mob, was convicted of second degree murder for his involvement and was sentenced to 15 years in prison with hard labor.<a href="#cite_note-a_red_record-268">[267]</a> He was granted clemency by Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Walton_Kitchin" title="William Walton Kitchin">William Walton Kitchin</a> in October 1911.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gillepsie, John</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dillingham, "Jack"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lee, Henry</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Irwin, George</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robinson, Dick and Thompson</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prichard,_Alabama" title="Prichard, Alabama">Pritchard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Mobile County, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>October 6, 1906</td> <td>Assaulting white women</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto5-270">[269]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pitts, Slab</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyah,_Texas" title="Toyah, Texas">Toyah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reeves_County,_Texas" title="Reeves County, Texas">Reeves</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>October 26, 1906</td> <td>Living with a white woman</td> <td>Dragged to death before being hanged.<a href="#cite_note-Toyah-271">[270]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Davis, Henry</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>December 21, 1906</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Dragged from his jail cell and shot over 100 times. Last known lynching in Anne Arundel County.<a href="#cite_note-:1-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cullen, James</td> <td>62</td> <td>White (Irish)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_City,_Iowa" title="Charles City, Iowa">Charles City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Iowa" title="Floyd County, Iowa">Floyd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>January 9, 1907</td> <td>Murdered his wife and stepson</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Higgins, Loris</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bancroft,_Nebraska" title="Bancroft, Nebraska">Bancroft</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thurston_County,_Nebraska" title="Thurston County, Nebraska">Thurston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>August 27, 1907</td> <td>Murder of a farmer and his wife and rape of daughter</td> <td>Murdered couple killed May 12, 1907; suspect was taken from law officers and lynched from a bridge over creek and then shot<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Burns" title="Lynching of William Burns">Burns, William</a></td> <td>22</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_Maryland" title="Allegany County, Maryland">Allegany</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 6, 1907</td> <td>Alleged murder of Patrolman August Baker.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a></td> <td>A crowd estimated at 10,000 examined the lynching victim's body.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long, Jack</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_Florida" title="Newberry, Florida">Newberry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>February 6, 1908</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eli_Pigot" title="Lynching of Eli Pigot">Pigot, Eli</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Mississippi" title="Lincoln County, Mississippi">Lincoln</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>February 10, 1908</td> <td>Assault on a White girl</td> <td>Shot, hanged<a href="#cite_note-DT19080211p1-279">[278]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scott, Charley</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>February 28, 1908</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peeping_Tom" class="mw-redirect" title="Peeping Tom">Peeping Tom</a> looking in windows</td> <td>Hanged on tree<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Earnest_Williams" title="Lynching of Earnest Williams">Williams, Earnest</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parkdale,_Arkansas" title="Parkdale, Arkansas">Parkdale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashley_County,_Arkansas" title="Ashley County, Arkansas">Ashley</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>June 1908</td> <td>Using offensive language</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Evans, Jerry</td> <td>22</td> <td rowspan="5">African American</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Hemphill,_Texas" title="Hemphill, Texas">Hemphill</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Sabine_County,_Texas" title="Sabine County, Texas">Sabine</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="5">June 15, 1908</td> <td rowspan="5">Murder of two white men</td> <td rowspan="5">Five black men accused of murder were hanged by a mob of an estimated 150<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Will</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spellman, Moss</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Williams, Cleveland</td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manuel, Will</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smith, Ted</td> <td>18</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Texas" title="Greenville, Texas">Greenville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunt_County,_Texas" title="Hunt County, Texas">Hunt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>July 27, 1908</td> <td>Raping a 16-year old white girl</td> <td>After victim identified suspect as the person who assaulted her, Smith was taken by mob from Sheriff and lynched (burned)<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Leander_Shaw" title="Lynching of Leander Shaw">Shaw, Leander</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Escambia_County,_Florida" title="Escambia County, Florida">Escambia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>July 29, 1908</td> <td>Attempted murder and rape of 21-year-old Lillie Davis</td> <td>After Shaw was identified by Davis, he was arrested and taken to the county jail. An angry white mob broke into the jail and took Shaw, lynching him in <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Ferdinand_VII" title="Plaza Ferdinand VII">Plaza Ferdinand VII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Riley, Joseph</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Russellville,_Kentucky" title="Russellville, Kentucky">Russellville</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Kentucky" title="Logan County, Kentucky">Logan</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td rowspan="4">July 31, 1908</td> <td rowspan="4">Victims expressed approval of their lodge brother Rufus Browder's killing his employer.</td> <td rowspan="4">Rufus Browder killed his employer with an axe after being shot in the chest. Browder was arrested and sent to Louisville. The lynching victims expressed approval for his actions and were jailed for disturbing the peace. On August 1, 1908, a mob demanded release of the men, and lynched them from a tree. A note pinned to one of the men read, "Let this be a warning to you niggers to let white people alone or you will go the same way."<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jones, Virgil</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jones, Robert</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jones, Thomas</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miller, William</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Alabama" title="Brighton, Alabama">Brighton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama" title="Jefferson County, Alabama">Jefferson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>August 1908</td> <td>Labor activist</td> <td>Jefferson County had the highest number of lynchings in Alabama (29).<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patton, Lawson "Nelse"</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Mississippi" title="Lafayette County, Mississippi">Lafayette</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>September 8, 1908</td> <td>Killing a white woman</td> <td>Prominent attorney and former U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/William_V._Sullivan" title="William V. Sullivan">William V. Sullivan</a>, in his own words, "led the mob...and I'm proud of it".<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Walker_family" title="Lynching of the Walker family">Walker, David, his wife and four children</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hickman,_Kentucky" title="Hickman, Kentucky">Hickman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Kentucky" title="Fulton County, Kentucky">Fulton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>October 3, 1908</td> <td>Using inappropriate language with a white woman</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Times-294">[293]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hilliard</td> <td>18</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hope,_Arkansas" title="Hope, Arkansas">Hope</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hempstead_County,_Arkansas" title="Hempstead County, Arkansas">Hempstead</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Using inappropriate language with a white woman</td> <td>Hung<a href="#cite_note-Hilliard-295">[294]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wades, Jake</td> <td></td> <td>African-American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida" title="Lakeland, Florida">Lakeland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Florida" title="Polk County, Florida">Polk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Accused of rape</td> <td>Transported from Gainesville to Lakeland to be identified and lynched<a href="#cite_note-rice_belt-296">[295]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brown, Joe</td> <td></td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitmer,_West_Virginia" title="Whitmer, West Virginia">Whitmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_West_Virginia" title="Randolph County, West Virginia">Randolph</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td> <td>March 25, 1909</td> <td>Shooting a law officer</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-270">[269]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Miller_(outlaw)" title="Jim Miller (outlaw)">Miller, Jim</a></td> <td>47</td> <td rowspan="4">White</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ada,_Oklahoma" title="Ada, Oklahoma">Ada</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Oklahoma" title="Pontotoc County, Oklahoma">Pontotoc</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td rowspan="4">April 19, 1909</td> <td rowspan="4">Suspicion of murder of a lawman</td> <td>Lynched by a mob <a href="/wiki/File:Jim_miller_hanging.jpg" title="File:Jim miller hanging.jpg">along with Berry Burrell, Joseph Allen, and Jesse West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-298">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burrell, Berry</td> <td>38</td> <td>Lynched by a mob <a href="/wiki/File:Jim_miller_hanging.jpg" title="File:Jim miller hanging.jpg">along with Jim Miller, Joseph Allen, and Jesse West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-298">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Allen, Joseph</td> <td>43</td> <td>Lynched by a mob <a href="/wiki/File:Jim_miller_hanging.jpg" title="File:Jim miller hanging.jpg">along with Jim Miller, Berry Burrell, and Jesse West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-298">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West, Jesse</td> <td>46</td> <td>Lynched by a mob <a href="/wiki/File:Jim_miller_hanging.jpg" title="File:Jim miller hanging.jpg">along with Jim Miller, Berry Burrell, and Joseph Allen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-298">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_%22Froggie%22_James" class="mw-redirect" title="William "Froggie" James">James, William</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_County,_Illinois" title="Alexander County, Illinois">Alexander</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>November 11, 1909</td> <td>Murder of a white woman three days earlier<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto5-270">[269]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois#Lynchings" title="Cairo, Illinois">Salzner, Henry</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_County,_Illinois" title="Alexander County, Illinois">Alexander</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>November 11, 1909</td> <td>Murder of his wife the previous year</td> <td>Dragged from his jail cell and hanged from a telegraph pole.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1910–1919">1910–1919</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1910–1919">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Allen_Brooks" title="Lynching of Allen Brooks">Brooks, Allen</a></td> <td>60</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Texas" title="Dallas County, Texas">Dallas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>March 3, 1910</td> <td>Brooks was accused of raping Mary Beuvens, a two-and-a-half year old girl</td> <td>On March 3, 1910, Brooks was in the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_County_Courthouse_(Texas)" title="Dallas County Courthouse (Texas)">Dallas County Courthouse</a> to face trial. A mob tied a rope around his neck and pulled him out of the courthouse window. Brooks landed on his head on the street below. He was dragged by a car to Elks Arch at the intersection of Main Street and Akard Street. There the mob hanged him from a telephone pole.<a href="#cite_note-Fahy-301">[300]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Carl_Etherington" title="Lynching of Carl Etherington">Etherington, Carl Mayes</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Licking_County,_Ohio" title="Licking County, Ohio">Licking</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>July 8, 1910</td> <td>Killing a man in self defense</td> <td>Etherington had been sworn in as a law officer by the Granville town mayor to enforce "prohibition" of alcohol in a "wet town"; shot and killed a man who assaulted him; officer taken from jail and lynched by mob in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark, Ohio</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gentry, Henry</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belton,_Texas" title="Belton, Texas">Belton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_County,_Texas" title="Bell County, Texas">Bell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>July 24, 1910</td> <td>Murder of Constable J. Mitchell</td> <td>Shot and burned<a href="#cite_note-auto3-303">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albano, Angelo</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Italian</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_Florida" title="Hillsborough County, Florida">Hillsborough</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td rowspan="2">September 1910</td> <td rowspan="2">Complicity in a shooting</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ficarotta, Castenge</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1910_lynching_in_Centreville,_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 lynching in Centreville, Alabama">Richardson, Grant</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Alabama" title="Centreville, Alabama">Centreville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bibb_County,_Alabama" title="Bibb County, Alabama">Bibb</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>October 12, 1910</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)#Antonio_Rodriguez" title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">Rodriguez, Antonio</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rocksprings,_Texas" title="Rocksprings, Texas">Rocksprings</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edwards_County,_Texas" title="Edwards County, Texas">Edwards</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>November 3, 1910</td> <td>Accused of murdering White Texan</td> <td>Antonio Rodriguez was a 20 year old migrant worker from Mexico. On November 2, Antonio was accused of murdering a White Texan, which led to him getting arrested and jailed. On November 3, 1910, a mob took him from his jail cell and burned him alive.<a href="#cite_note-:3-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-308">[307]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andalusia,_Alabama" title="Andalusia, Alabama">Andalusia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covington_County,_Alabama" title="Covington County, Alabama">Covington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>1911</td> <td></td> <td>Postcard of victim, postmarked 1911, appeared in Crisis Magazine January 1912 p. 118<a href="#cite_note-auto4-309">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marshall, Eugene</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Kentucky" title="Shelbyville, Kentucky">Shelbyville</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Kentucky" title="Shelby County, Kentucky">Shelby</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td rowspan="3">January 16, 1911</td> <td>Convicted of murdering an aged negro woman</td> <td rowspan="3">Three men (Eugene Marshall, Wade Patterson, James West) lynched at the same time after the mob broke into jail after threatening the jailor for the keys. All three were hanged from the Chesapeake and Ohio bridge. One rope for two men (Patterson and West) was used, which snapped. Afterward, they were shot multiple times.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patterson, Wade</td> <td></td> <td>Charged with detaining Miss Elizabeth Rubel, a white nineteen-year old Shelbyville girl </td></tr> <tr> <td>West, James</td> <td></td> <td>Charged with detaining Miss Mary Coley, a young white girl. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Livermore,_Kentucky#Opera_house_lynching" title="Livermore, Kentucky">Porter, Will</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Livermore,_Kentucky" title="Livermore, Kentucky">Livermore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Kentucky" title="McLean County, Kentucky">McLean</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>April 20, 1911</td> <td>Shooting a white man</td> <td>Shot in an opera house </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Nelson, Laura</a></td> <td>33</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Okemah,_Oklahoma" title="Okemah, Oklahoma">Okemah</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Okfuskee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okfuskee County, Oklahoma">Okfuskee</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td rowspan="2">May 25, 1911</td> <td rowspan="2">Killing of Deputy Sheriff George H. Loney<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Gang-raped and lynched together with her son, 14, after trying to protect him during a meat-pilfering investigation.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson"> Nelson, L.D.</a></td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bradford, William</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chunky,_Mississippi" title="Chunky, Mississippi">Chunky</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Mississippi" title="Newton County, Mississippi">Newton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>June 16, 1911</td> <td>Accused of attempted murder of two white farmers</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Tennessean-312">[311]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)#Antonio_Gomez" title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">Gomez, Antonio</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorndale,_Texas" title="Thorndale, Texas">Thorndale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milam_County,_Texas" title="Milam County, Texas">Milam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 19, 1911</td> <td>Killing a German man</td> <td>After trying to escape a mob that surrounded the 14-year-old boy, he ended up killing a German man named Charles Zieschang which led to the 14 year old's arrest. While being transported to the jailhouse, four men intercepted the two people taking Antonio and successfully lynched Antonio Gomez.<a href="#cite_note-:3-307">[306]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jones, Commodore</td> <td>26</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farmersville,_Texas" title="Farmersville, Texas">Farmersville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collin_County,_Texas" title="Collin County, Texas">Collin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>August 11, 1911</td> <td>Accused of insulting a white woman over the telephone.</td> <td>Crowd of around 75 men and boys gained access to Jones's cell and marched him to the outskirts of town, where he was forced to climb a telephone pole and was hanged.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Lee" title="Lynching of John Lee">Lee, John</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durant,_Oklahoma" title="Durant, Oklahoma">Durant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bryan_County,_Oklahoma" title="Bryan County, Oklahoma">Bryan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>August 12, 1911</td> <td>Assault and murder of a white woman</td> <td>Picture of victim appeared in Crisis Magazine January 1912 p. 122:<a href="#cite_note-auto4-309">[308]</a> Shot and burned<a href="#cite_note-auto3-303">[302]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_Coatesville_call_to_arms#1911_lynching_of_Zachariah_Walker" title="1919 Coatesville call to arms">Walker, Zachariah</a></td> <td>20–24</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coatesville,_Pennsylvania" title="Coatesville, Pennsylvania">Coatesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>August 16, 1911</td> <td>Killing of a police officer, possibly in self-defense</td> <td>Taken from hospital room and burned alive. Fifteen men and teenage boys were indicted, but all were acquitted at trials.<a href="#cite_note-smith-315">[314]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Harrison, Ernest</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Wickliffe,_Kentucky" title="Wickliffe, Kentucky">Wickliffe</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ballard_County,_Kentucky" title="Ballard County, Kentucky">Ballard</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td rowspan="3">September 11, 1911</td> <td rowspan="3">Robbery and murder of an elderly black man</td> <td rowspan="3">The three men were accused of the robbery and murder of Washington Thomas, an elderly black man.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed, Sam</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howard, Frank</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 Unknown men</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Prior to December 1911</td> <td></td> <td>Picture of victims appeared in Crisis Magazine twice; first, a cropped picture of one victim in December 1911 in article "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044009723073&view=1up&seq=78&skin=2021&q1=%20christ%20in%20georgia">Jesus Christ in Georgia"</a> (p. 70)<a href="#cite_note-auto4-309">[308]</a> and a full picture of both victims in January 1912 p. 122<a href="#cite_note-auto4-309">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_King_Johnson" title="Lynching of King Johnson">Johnson, King</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Baltimore" title="Brooklyn, Baltimore">Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>December 26, 1911</td> <td>Alleged murder of Frederick Schwab.</td> <td>Johnson was to be transported to Annapolis for his safety that same day, but those plans were delayed. Around two o'clock in the morning on December 26, 1911, a mob broke into the unguarded jail where Johnson was kept. When Johnson fought back preventing a noose from being placed on his neck, he was beaten with irons and shot.<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-King_Johnson,_MSA_SC_3520-13760-317">[316]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lewis, Sanford</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Arkansas" title="Fort Smith, Arkansas">Fort Smith</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_County,_Arkansas" title="Sebastian County, Arkansas">Sebastian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>Shooting a constable</td> <td>Five policemen fined $100 each for "nonfeasance of office". Entire police force fired. Mayor voted out. Man charged with lynching acquitted.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>(?)</td> <td>Prior to February 3, 1912</td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044009723073&view=1up&seq=217&skin=2021">Picture of victim appeared in Crisis Magazine March 1912 p. 209</a>:[card purchased 3 Feb 1912 in Palm Beach Florida]<a href="#cite_note-auto4-309">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Davis, Dan</td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smith_County,_Texas" title="Smith County, Texas">Smith</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>Assault and rape of a 16 year old white girl</td> <td>Burned alive by a mob<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edwards, Rob</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumming,_Georgia" title="Cumming, Georgia">Cumming</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="Forsyth County, Georgia">Forsyth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>September 1912</td> <td>Alleged murder of 18-year-old woman</td> <td>Taken out of his jail cell by an armed mob; hanged and shot.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Walter</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_West_Virginia" title="Princeton, West Virginia">Princeton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_West_Virginia" title="Mercer County, West Virginia">Mercer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td> <td>September 4, 1912</td> <td>Assault and rape of a 14-year-old girl</td> <td>Taken out of his jail cell by an armed mob; hanged and shot.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 Mexicans</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_County,_Texas" title="El Paso County, Texas">El Paso</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>Being Mexican bandits</td> <td>Hanged<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delgadillio, Demecio</td> <td>28</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Demecio killed Mrs. Soledad Zarrazino De Pino in a fit of jealous which led to him being hanged in Bernalillo County Jail<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>White, Henry</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Campville,_Florida" title="Campville, Florida">Campville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>Found under white woman's bed</td> <td>Hanged, noose broke, shot.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Williams, Andrew</td> <td>35</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Mississippi" title="Houston, Mississippi">Houston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_County,_Mississippi" title="Chickasaw County, Mississippi">Chickasaw</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>Murder of John C. Williams, Wife of the Deputy Chancery Clerk</td> <td>Dragged from jail and hanged at a nearby tree, upon the alleged statement of two African-American women;<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> the women who made the statement were arrested the next day for making a false statement, according to one source<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> and/or disappeared.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> The day after Williams was lynched, a second African American, named in different reports as 'Divel Rucker', 'Dizell Rucker' and 'Dibrell Tucker; was lynched and burned at the stake on the assumption that he, not Williams, was the actual murderer<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rucker-329">[328]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rucker, Divel</td> <td>20</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Mississippi" title="Houston, Mississippi">Houston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_County,_Mississippi" title="Chickasaw County, Mississippi">Chickasaw</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>Murder of John C. Williams, Wife of the Deputy Chancery Clerk</td> <td>The day after Andrew Williams was lynched by hanging for this murder, Rucker was presumed by the mob to be the actual murderer and, allegedly, confessed to the crime. He was tied to an iron stake, covered with tar, and set afire. The family of the victim shot him as he was burning<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> According to the New York Sun report, "The Rucker lynching was the most spectacular in the history of Mississippi and there was no attempt at concealment or evasion."<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rucker-329">[328]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green, Joe</td> <td>16</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heath,_Alabama" title="Heath, Alabama">Heath</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covington_County,_Alabama" title="Covington County, Alabama">Covington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>February 25, 1913</td> <td>Fatal shooting of Nobie Spicer</td> <td>Shot and killed by a mob led by the victim's husband who identified Green as the murderer.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> Samuel Spicer Jr. would later be convicted of the murder of his wife, Nobie, and sentenced to life in prison. He was paroled in December 1929, but then fled.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Collins, J.C.</td> <td>about 34</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mondak,_Montana" title="Mondak, Montana">Mondak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_County,_Montana" title="Roosevelt County, Montana">Roosevelt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></td> <td>April 4, 1913</td> <td>Murder of Sheridan County Sheriff Thomas Courtney and a deputized citizen</td> <td>Hanged from a telephone pole<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simmons, Bennie/Dennis</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anadarko,_Oklahoma" title="Anadarko, Oklahoma">Anadarko</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caddo_County,_Oklahoma" title="Caddo County, Oklahoma">Caddo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>June 13, 1913</td> <td>Killing a 16-year-old girl</td> <td>Taken from officers; was lynched and burned<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richardson, Joseph</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leitchfield,_Kentucky" title="Leitchfield, Kentucky">Leitchfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Kentucky" title="Grayson County, Kentucky">Grayson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>September 26, 1913</td> <td>Assaulting a white girl</td> <td>Town drunk who accidentally stumbled near girl; hanged<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Padilla, Adolfo</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe County, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Accused of killing his wife</td> <td>A mob of masked men seized Padilla from the jail and chopped his body into pieces.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-338">[337]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)#León_Martínez_Jr." title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">Martínez Jr., León</a></td> <td>18</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pecos,_Texas" title="Pecos, Texas">Pecos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reeves_County,_Texas" title="Reeves County, Texas">Reeves</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Killing a White woman</td> <td>On July 28, 1911, Leon Martinez was tried for the murder of a white woman. They used the forced confessions as evidence of him committing murder and he was sentenced to death but it was postponed due to the outrage. On May 11, 1914, Leon was executed by hanging. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gonzales, Isidro</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Texas" title="Oakville, Texas">Oakville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Live_Oak_County,_Texas" title="Live Oak County, Texas">Live Oak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Choking a county jailer to death</td> <td>Isidro was accused to have choke Harry Hinton to death and escaped from jail. He was found riddle with bullets after his escape.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turner, Allen</td> <td>47</td> <td>African American</td> <td>Western area of Parish (county)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Union Parish, Louisiana">Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>March 1914</td> <td>Accused of assaulting a white man (J.P. McDougall)<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a></td> <td>J.P. McDougall was whipping Allen Turner's son. Allen was defending his son. Taken from deputy sheriff and shot to death. It is said that Allen's body was then dragged through the roads of Spearsville. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shields, Dallas</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Missouri" title="Fayette, Missouri">Fayette</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Missouri" title="Howard County, Missouri">Howard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Murdering a police officer</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sullivan, Fred</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Byhalia,_Mississippi" title="Byhalia, Mississippi">Byhalia</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Mississippi" title="Marshall County, Mississippi">Marshall</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">1914</td> <td rowspan="2">Alleged barn burning.</td> <td rowspan="2">Fred Sullivan and his wife May confessed after nooses were placed around their necks. The couple were hanged by a mob of more than 100.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sullivan, May</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unidentified man</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Cedarbluff</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oktibbeha_County,_Mississippi" title="Oktibbeha County, Mississippi">Oktibbeha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>1915</td> <td>Entering the room of a white woman</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 Mexican-Americans</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyford,_Texas" title="Lyford, Texas">Lyford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willacy_County,_Texas" title="Willacy County, Texas">Willacy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1915</td> <td>Supposedly were Mexican Bandits</td> <td>After hearing news of Luis De La Rose had been killed in battle, Sheriff Vann went to Mission, Texas to see if the news was true, on the way, American troops found the bodies of 11 Mexicans. Commander Blocksom ordered an investigation to investigate the killings. He believed that the Mexicans were not Bandits and were peaceful Mexicans who were killed due to race hatred after the Progreso battle.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sheffield, Caesar</td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Park,_Georgia" title="Lake Park, Georgia">Lake Park</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Georgia" title="Lowndes County, Georgia">Lowndes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>April 17, 1915</td> <td>Allegedly stealing meat from a smokehouse owned by a white man.</td> <td>Jailors abandoned the jail allowing a mob to take Caesar Sheffield to a field where they shot him multiple times and left his body.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leon, José</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Latino</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Arizona" title="Southern Arizona">Southern Arizona</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pima_County,_Arizona" title="Pima County, Arizona">Pima</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td rowspan="2">April 19, 1915</td> <td rowspan="2">Outlawry</td> <td rowspan="2">Two white police officers interrogated the brothers and accused them of being outlaws. They hung the brothers from a tree and left their bodies to rot in the desert gulch.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-338">[337]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leon, Hilario</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ward, Benjamin E.</td> <td>37</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Oklahoma" title="Cleveland County, Oklahoma">Cleveland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>May 9, 1915</td> <td>Murdering his wife</td> <td>Mob expected him to be freed on grounds of insanity.<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_and_Alonzo_Green" title="Lynching of James and Alonzo Green">Green, Alonzo</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Georgia" title="Jones County, Georgia">Jones</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="3">July 4, 1915</td> <td rowspan="3">Mob ran into them while hunting for the murderer of white farmer</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers-347">[346]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_and_Alonzo_Green" title="Lynching of James and Alonzo Green">Green, James D.</a></td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_and_Alonzo_Green" title="Lynching of James and Alonzo Green">Bostick, William</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manriquez, Lorenzo</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Latino</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes,_Texas" title="Mercedes, Texas">Mercedes</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_Texas" title="Hidalgo County, Texas">Hidalgo</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 23–24, 1915</td> <td rowspan="2">Resisting arrest</td> <td rowspan="2">Shot<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manriquez, Gorgonio</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muñóz, Adolfo</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>July 28, 1915</td> <td>Murder and horse theft</td> <td>While being transported by Sheriff Frank Carr, a group of seven to eight men held the Sheriff at gun point, taking Adolfo and later hanging him from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stanley, Will</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_County,_Texas" title="Bell County, Texas">Bell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>July 29–30, 1915</td> <td>Murder of 3 children and assaulting parents</td> <td>Lynched and burned. Stanley Claimed to have been accessory to murders and claimed leader of mob had hired him and other 2 men<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Frank, Leo</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>Jewish</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>August 17, 1915</td> <td>Killing a 13-year-old girl</td> <td>No charges filed; posthumously pardoned. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Six Mexicans</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>August 18, 1915</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Two of the Mexicans were taken from <a href="/wiki/San_Benito,_Texas" title="San Benito, Texas">San Benito</a> jail and the other four Mexicans were taken from <a href="/wiki/Mercedes,_Texas" title="Mercedes, Texas">Mercedes</a> where they shot to death and bodies burned on the side of a road.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Orozco" title="Pascual Orozco">Five Mexicans</a></td> <td>33, others unknown</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Culberson_County,_Texas" title="Culberson County, Texas">Culberson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>August 30, 1915</td> <td>Horse theft</td> <td>Pascual Orozco successfully executed a planned escape to Sierra Blanca where he met up with leaders and future cabinet members where they crossed into Dick Love's ranch who accused them of stealing his horses and later got the Rangers and other law enforcement to look for the men where they found the men camping in a box canyon where they killed all 5 of the men. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)#Jesus_Bazan_and_Antonio_Longoria" title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">Bazán, Jesus</a></td> <td>67</td> <td rowspan="2">Latino</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_Texas" title="Hidalgo County, Texas">Hidalgo</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">September 27, 1915</td> <td rowspan="2">No accusation</td> <td rowspan="2">Jesus and Antonio went to report that a few of their horses had been stolen to the Texas Rangers. After they reported that stuff to the Rangers and left, Ranger Henry Ransom followed Jesus and Antonio and shot both of them dead. Henry Ransom had called for the bodies to be left in the open to spread fear across the town.<a href="#cite_note-:2-308">[307]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza_(1910%E2%80%931920)#Jesus_Bazan_and_Antonio_Longoria" title="La Matanza (1910–1920)">Longoria, Antonio</a></td> <td>49 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 Mexican-Americans</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olmito,_Texas" title="Olmito, Texas">Olmito</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>October 19, 1915</td> <td>Train wrecking and murder</td> <td>After a train wrecking that killed 3 people, the Americans began to hang or shoot Mexicans who they thought were involved in the wreck<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cordella_Stevenson" title="Lynching of Cordella Stevenson">Stevenson, Cordella</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Mississippi" title="Columbus, Mississippi">Columbus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Mississippi" title="Lowndes County, Mississippi">Lowndes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>December 15, 1915</td> <td>Her son was accused of burning a white man's barn, he was unavailable, so they raped and murdered her</td> <td>Her husband Arch was never seen alive after December 15<a href="#cite_note-Defender-354">[353]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brown, Jeff</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Cedarbluff</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oktibbeha_County,_Mississippi" title="Oktibbeha County, Mississippi">Oktibbeha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>1916</td> <td>Bumping into a white girl at a train station</td> <td>Pictures of his lynching were sold to white citizens for five cents each.<a href="#cite_note-Cedarbluff-355">[354]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lang, Ed</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rice,_Texas" title="Rice, Texas">Rice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Navarro_County,_Texas" title="Navarro County, Texas">Navarro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1916</td> <td>"Attacking a young woman."</td> <td>Taken from a sheriff's posse and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richards, John</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goldsboro,_North_Carolina" title="Goldsboro, North Carolina">Goldsboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_North_Carolina" title="Wayne County, North Carolina">Wayne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>January 12, 1916</td> <td>murder</td> <td>Taken from jail and lynched<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington" title="Lynching of Jesse Washington">Washington, Jesse</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas" title="McLennan County, Texas">McLennan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 15, 1916</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Washington confessed and a jury found him guilty. Dragged behind car, castrated, fingers cut off, ear cut off, burned alive. Professionally photographed; pictures sold as postcards. Lynching of "political value" to Sheriff and to the judge who presided over his trial. "On the way to the scene of the burning, people on every hand took a hand in showing their feelings in the matter by striking the Negro with anything obtainable, some struck him with shovels, bricks, clubs and others stabbed him and cut him until when he was strung up his body was a solid color of red."<a href="#cite_note-Waco-358">[357]</a>: 5  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buenrostro, Jose</td> <td>25</td> <td rowspan="2">Latino</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">May 19, 1916</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder of A. L. Austin and Charles Austin</td> <td rowspan="2">The 2 Mexican men were accused of having killed A. L. Austin and his son in raids the fall of 1915, they were hanged in Cameron County Jail<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chapa, Melquiades</td> <td>20–23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoskins, Silas</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elaine,_Arkansas" title="Elaine, Arkansas">Elaine</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phillips_County,_Arkansas" title="Phillips County, Arkansas">Phillips</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>Summer of 1916</td> <td></td> <td>"Vanished"; believed to have been killed because a white man coveted his successful saloon business. Uncle of author <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lerma, Geronimo</td> <td>18</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brownwood,_Texas" title="Brownwood, Texas">Brownwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Texas" title="Brown County, Texas">Brown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 20, 1916</td> <td>Assaulting a White woman</td> <td>Greonimo was suspected to have assaulted one of the white woman in the town which led to him being shot and left dead.<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Baskins, Rev. Josh J.</a></td> <td rowspan="6">Adults</td> <td rowspan="6">African American</td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_Florida" title="Newberry, Florida">Newberry</a></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td rowspan="6">August 18, 1916</td> <td rowspan="6">Helping a man who had shot and killed a constable</td> <td rowspan="6">James Dennis was shot. The others were hanged. Mary Dennis had two children and was pregnant. Stella Young had four children.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Dennis, Bert</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Dennis, James</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Dennis, Mary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">McHenry, Andrew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Young, Stella</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Anthony_Crawford" title="Lynching of Anthony Crawford">Crawford, Anthony</a></td> <td>51</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abbeville,_South_Carolina" title="Abbeville, South Carolina">Abbeville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abbeville_County,_South_Carolina" title="Abbeville County, South Carolina">Abbeville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>October 21, 1916</td> <td>Offensive language</td> <td>Coroner's jury: "persons unknown"<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paulo_Boleta" title="Lynching of Paulo Boleta">Boleta, Paulo</a></td> <td></td> <td>White (Italian American)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>December 14, 1916</td> <td>Murderous assault</td> <td>Randomly fired a revolver on a crowded street, wounding a bystander. Chased down by mob of 500 men and boys. Beaten and trampled to death.<a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daley, Starr</td> <td>26</td> <td>White</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinal_County,_Arizona" title="Pinal County, Arizona">Pinal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td>May 6, 1917</td> <td>Homicide (Two murders) plus two rapes</td> <td>Accused admitted guilt in trial; taken from sheriff en route to jail and hanged from a telephone pole; last lynching in Arizona </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ell_Persons" title="Lynching of Ell Persons">Persons, Ell</a></td> <td>about 50</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>May 22, 1917</td> <td>Raping and killing a white girl</td> <td>No charges filed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lation_Scott" title="Lation Scott">Scott, Lation</a></td> <td>32</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dyer,_Tennessee" title="Dyer, Tennessee">Dyer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dyer_County,_Tennessee" title="Dyer County, Tennessee">Dyer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>December 2, 1917</td> <td>Rape of a white woman</td> <td>Scott was tortured for 3.5 hours and then burned alive by an angry mob on Sunday December 2, 1917.<a href="#cite_note-Incarnate-365">[364]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porvenir_massacre_(1918)" title="Porvenir massacre (1918)">15 Mexican Americans</a></td> <td>15–50</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Porvenir,_Texas" title="Porvenir, Texas">Porvenir</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidio_County,_Texas" title="Presidio County, Texas">Presidio</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>Accused of stealing and ambushing Texas Rangers</td> <td>January 28, 1918, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division" title="Texas Ranger Division">Texas Rangers</a> enter Porvenir and took 15 Mexican American boys and men away from the town and executed all 15 by gun shot<a href="#cite_note-:4-366">[365]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 Mexicans</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Arizona" title="Douglas, Arizona">Douglas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cochise_County,_Arizona" title="Cochise County, Arizona">Cochise</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>Robbery and murder</td> <td>Seized from homes and hanged<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_McIlherron" title="Lynching of Jim McIlherron">McIlherron, Jim</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estill_Springs,_Tennessee" title="Estill Springs, Tennessee">Estill Springs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Tennessee" title="Franklin County, Tennessee">Franklin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>February 12, 1918</td> <td>Killing two white people</td> <td>Tortured, then burned alive. Spectators came from as far as 50 miles away.<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[369]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>McNeel, George</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>March 16, 1918</td> <td>Accused of Assaulting a white woman [no proof]</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-371">[370]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">user-generated source</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Prager" title="Robert Prager">Prager, Robert</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>White (German-American)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collinsville,_Illinois" title="Collinsville, Illinois">Collinsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Illinois" title="Madison County, Illinois">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>April 5, 1918</td> <td>Socialist; sympathy to Germany during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td> <td>Forced to sing patriotic songs and kiss the flag, before being hanged. </td></tr> <tr> <td>García, Florencio</td> <td>33</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Isabel,_Texas" title="Port Isabel, Texas">Port Isabel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>April 5, 1918</td> <td>Robbery</td> <td>Two rangers had taken Garcia into custody for a theft investigation. The next day they let Garcia go, and were last seen escorting him on a mule. Garcia was never seen again. A month after the interrogation, bones and Garcia's clothing were found beside the road where the Rangers claimed to have let Garcia go. The Rangers were arrested for murder, freed on bail, and acquitted due to lack of evidence.<a href="#cite_note-Utley-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a>: 80  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings#Hayes_and_Mary_Turner" title="May 1918 lynchings">Turner, Hayes</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morven,_Georgia" title="Morven, Georgia">Morven</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Georgia" title="Brooks County, Georgia">Brooks</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 18, 1918</td> <td>Accused of helping kill an abusive landowner.</td> <td>Wife Mary killed next day for defending him. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings#Hayes_and_Mary_Turner" title="May 1918 lynchings">Turner, Mary</a></td> <td>18</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td>Bridge joining <a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Georgia" title="Brooks County, Georgia">Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Georgia" title="Lowndes County, Georgia">Lowndes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 19, 1918</td> <td>Publicly opposed and threatened legal action against white people who had murdered her husband, unfairly accused (according to her) of killing an abusive landowner.</td> <td>Hanged upside down from a tree, doused her in gasoline and motor oil and set her on fire. Turner was still alive when a member of the mob split her abdomen open with a knife and her unborn child fell on the ground. The baby was stomped and crushed as it fell to the ground. Turner's body was riddled with hundreds of bullets.<a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thompson, Allie</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Culpeper,_Virginia" title="Culpeper, Virginia">Culpeper</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>Assault</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Post-143">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Olli_Kinkkonen" title="Lynching of Olli Kinkkonen">Kinkkonen, Olli</a></td> <td>38</td> <td>White (Finnish-American)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duluth" class="mw-redirect" title="Duluth">Duluth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Minnesota" title="St. Louis County, Minnesota">St. Louis County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>September 18, 1918</td> <td>Refusal to join the military during World War I</td> <td>Tarred and feathered before being hanged. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Taylor" title="Lynching of George Taylor">Taylor, George</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rolesville,_North_Carolina" title="Rolesville, North Carolina">Rolesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wake_County,_North_Carolina" title="Wake County, North Carolina">Wake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>November 5, 1918</td> <td>Rape of a white woman</td> <td>No charges were filed.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> There is a Web site on this lynching.<a href="#cite_note-376">[375]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Woodson, Joel</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_River,_Wyoming" title="Green River, Wyoming">Green River</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_County,_Wyoming" title="Sweetwater County, Wyoming">Sweatwater</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></td> <td>December 10, 1918</td> <td>Argument with a waitress</td> <td>Hanged in railroad terminal<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clark, Andrew</td> <td>15</td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Shubuta,_Mississippi" title="Shubuta, Mississippi">Shubuta</a> ("hanging bridge")</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Mississippi" title="Clarke County, Mississippi">Clarke</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="4">December 20, 1918</td> <td rowspan="4">Alleged murder of dentist</td> <td rowspan="4">Dentist had affairs with both sisters, who were pregnant, likely with his child; the brothers had romantic interest in the girls. After the lynching the babies were seen squirming in their mothers bellies.<a href="#cite_note-Boo_Mitchell-379">[378]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clark, Major</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howze, Alma</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howze, Maggie</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ashley, Bob</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Georgia" title="Dublin, Georgia">Dublin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurens_County,_Georgia" title="Laurens County, Georgia">Laurens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>1919</td> <td>Hoped to shoot someone else</td> <td>A group of men thought another man might be inside Ashley's house, so they shot into the house, mortally wounding Ashley.<a href="#cite_note-380">[379]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hamilton, Eugene</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Georgia" title="Jasper County, Georgia">Jasper</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>1919</td> <td>Convicted by all-white jury of attempting to shoot a white farmer; case before Georgia Court of Appeals.</td> <td>Mob of 60 stopped car of sheriff who was driving him for protection to nearest large city, Macon. Driven to a bridge in Jasper County and shot to death. Governor was "livid".<a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 233–234  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prince, Henry</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawkinsville,_Georgia" title="Hawkinsville, Georgia">Hawkinsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Georgia" title="Pulaski County, Georgia">Pulaski</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>1919</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-McWhirter-382">[381]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waters, Jim</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Georgia" title="Johnson County, Georgia">Johnson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>1919</td> <td>Rape accusation</td> <td>Investigation closed in one hour with no witnesses interviewed.<a href="#cite_note-McWhirter-382">[381]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Wilbur_Little" title="Lynching of Wilbur Little">Little, Wilbur</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blakely,_Georgia" title="Blakely, Georgia">Blakely</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Early_County,_Georgia" title="Early County, Georgia">Early</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>April 1919</td> <td>Wearing uniform of his WWI military service to the United States </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia,_riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919">Wilkins, Willie</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Perkins,_Georgia" title="Perkins, Georgia">Perkins</a> (near)</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia" title="Jenkins County, Georgia">Jenkins</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="3">April 13, 1919</td> <td>Friend of man believed to have killed lawman.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 8  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia,_riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919">Ruffin, John</a></td> <td></td> <td>Son of man believed to have killed lawman.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 7–8  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia,_riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919">Ruffin, Henry</a></td> <td></td> <td>Son of man believed to have killed lawman.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 7–8  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mack" title="Daniel Mack">Mack, Daniel</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Worth_County,_Georgia" title="Worth County, Georgia">Worth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>April 14, 1919</td> <td>Brushing up against a white man while walking</td> <td>Beaten; survived by playing dead </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holden, George</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a> (near)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>April 29, 1919</td> <td>Writing a suggestive note to a white woman<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a></td> <td>Mob stopped a train, dragged him off, and shot him.<a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 18  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benny_Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benny Richards (page does not exist)">Richards, Benny</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Georgia" title="Warrenton, Georgia">Warrenton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Georgia" title="Warren County, Georgia">Warren</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 1, 1919</td> <td>Accused of murdering his ex-wife and shooting 5 others</td> <td>300 men lynched Richards, a farmer.<a href="#cite_note-AC_Richards-384">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clay, Lloyd</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>May 15, 1919</td> <td>False rape accusation</td> <td>1000 men broke through three steel doors to abduct Clay from jail before hanging, shooting, and burning him.<a href="#cite_note-AC_Clay-386">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moore, Will</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ten_Mile,_Mississippi" title="Ten Mile, Mississippi">Ten Mile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stone_County,_Mississippi" title="Stone County, Mississippi">Stone</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>May 20, 1919</td> <td>Shooting J.H. Rogers</td> <td>Lynched<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Livingston" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Livingston">Livingston, Frank</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado,_Arkansas" title="El Dorado, Arkansas">El Dorado</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Arkansas" title="Union County, Arkansas">Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>May 21, 1919</td> <td>False murder accusation</td> <td>One of many returning WWI veterans lynched in 1919.<a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berry_Washington" title="Berry Washington">Washington, Berry</a></td> <td>72</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan,_Georgia" title="Milan, Georgia">Milan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dodge_County,_Georgia" title="Dodge County, Georgia">Dodge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telfair_County,_Georgia" title="Telfair County, Georgia">Telfair</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 26, 1919</td> <td>Defended black girls from white home invaders.</td> <td>Many black homes burned to discourage citizens from coming forward<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jay_Lynch" title="Lynching of Jay Lynch">Lynch, Jay</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamar,_Missouri" title="Lamar, Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barton_County,_Missouri" title="Barton County, Missouri">Barton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>May 28, 1919</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Longview_race_riot#Causes" title="Longview race riot">Walters, Lemuel</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gregg_County,_Texas" title="Gregg County, Texas">Gregg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 17, 1919</td> <td>Making "indecent advances" to a white woman</td> <td>The report of the affair and the subsequent coverup led to the <a href="/wiki/Longview_race_riot" title="Longview race riot">Longview riots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robinson, Robert</td> <td>55</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>June 23, 1919</td> <td>He was black, and they wanted to kill a black</td> <td>Robinson was an Army Reserve veteran. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_race_riot_of_1919" title="Chicago race riot of 1919">Chicago race riot of 1919</a>.<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Hartfield" title="John Hartfield">Hartfield, John</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellisville,_Mississippi" title="Ellisville, Mississippi">Ellisville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Mississippi" title="Jones County, Mississippi">Jones</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>June 26, 1919</td> <td>Assaulting a young white woman</td> <td>"The biggest newspaper in the state, <a href="/wiki/The_Clarion-Ledger" title="The Clarion-Ledger">Jackson Daily News</a>, carried headlines announcing the exact time and place of the coming orgy.<a href="#cite_note-393">[392]</a> Ten thousand people answered the paper's invitation and they were addressed by the District Attorney, <a href="/wiki/T._Webber_Wilson" title="T. Webber Wilson">T. W. Wilson</a>, while the lynching was going on."<a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 9 <a href="#cite_note-395">[394]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilton_Jennings" title="Chilton Jennings">Jennings, Chilton</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilmer,_Texas" title="Gilmer, Texas">Gilmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upshur_County,_Texas" title="Upshur County, Texas">Upshur County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>July 24, 1919</td> <td>Assaulted a white women, Mrs. Virgie Haggard</td> <td>He was arrested and a mob of about 1,000 white people stormed the jail and broke down the door with sledgehammers. A noose was placed around his neck and he was dragged by horse to the town square where he was hanged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerald_Democrat19191-396">[395]</a> Four people were later arrested for the lynching, murder indictments were served for Willie Howell, Charlie Lansdale, Fritz Boyd, and Francis Flanagan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_Times-Dispatch19191-397">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-398">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[398]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Darby_1919_lynching_attempt" title="Darby 1919 lynching attempt">Gorman, Samuel</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darby,_Pennsylvania" title="Darby, Pennsylvania">Darby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Delaware</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>July 23, 1919</td> <td>Alleged murder</td> <td>Attempted lynching </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_1919_lynching_attempt" title="Newberry 1919 lynching attempt">Harper, Elisha</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_South_Carolina" title="Newberry, South Carolina">Newberry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry_County,_South_Carolina" title="Newberry County, South Carolina">Newberry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>July 24, 1919</td> <td>Insulting a 14-year-old girl</td> <td>Attempted lynching </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago_race_riot_of_1919" title="Chicago race riot of 1919">Williams, Eugene</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>July 27, 1919</td> <td>Racial unrest</td> <td>A white officer refused to arrest the murderer, and instead arrested a black man who complained about it.<a href="#cite_note-400">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[400]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cox, Obe</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oglethorpe_County,_Georgia" title="Oglethorpe County, Georgia">Oglethorpe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>September 10, 1919</td> <td>Accused of murdering a white farmer's wife</td> <td>Taken to the scene of the crime, his body riddled with bullets and burned at the stake. Several thousand persons witnessed the scene. Controversial as the local Black communisty "thanked" the mob for just killing Cox and not attacking their community.<a href="#cite_note-ObeCox-402">[401]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gonzalez, Jose</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Latino</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_County,_Colorado" title="Pueblo County, Colorado">Pueblo</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td rowspan="2">September 13, 1919</td> <td rowspan="2">Killing patrolman</td> <td rowspan="2">Accused of shooting and killing a patrolman Jeff Evans, which they were arrested and charged for. A mob broke into the jail captured and hung from the girders of a bridge.<a href="#cite_note-403">[402]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ortez, Salvador</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Brown, William</a></td> <td>41</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Nebraska" title="Douglas County, Nebraska">Douglas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>September 28, 1919</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Omaha race riot of 1919</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_Lynching_in_Montgomery,_Alabama" title="1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama">Phifer, Miles</a> (or Relius)</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama" title="Montgomery County, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td rowspan="2">September 29, 1919</td> <td rowspan="2">Assault of a white woman</td> <td>Was wearing military uniform<a href="#cite_note-Advertiser-404">[403]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_Lynching_in_Montgomery,_Alabama" title="1919 Lynching in Montgomery, Alabama">Crosky, Robert</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Advertiser-404">[403]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_Temple" title="Lynching of Willie Temple">Temple, Willie</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama" title="Montgomery County, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>September 30, 1919</td> <td>Killing a police officer</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Advertiser-404">[403]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paul_Jones" title="Lynching of Paul Jones">Jones, Paul</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon</a> (near)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bibb_County,_Georgia" title="Bibb County, Georgia">Bibb</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>November 2, 1919</td> <td>Assault of a white woman</td> <td>Mob of 400 found him, refused to turn him over to sheriff's deputies. Soaked in gasoline, set on fire; shot while he burned.<a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 241  Hanged/shot/burned in railyard.<a href="#cite_note-405">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-Without_Sanctuary_#_12_picture-406">[405]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jordan_Jameson" title="Lynching of Jordan Jameson">Jameson, Jordan</a></td> <td>50</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnolia,_Arkansas" title="Magnolia, Arkansas">Magnolia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Arkansas" title="Columbia County, Arkansas">Columbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>November 11, 1919</td> <td>Killing a sheriff</td> <td>Burned to death in the public square.<a href="#cite_note-Red-381">[380]</a>: 241  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Everest" title="Wesley Everest">Everest, Wesley</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centralia,_Washington" title="Centralia, Washington">Centralia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Washington" title="Lewis County, Washington">Lewis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></td> <td>November 11, 1919</td> <td>Homicide</td> <td>Hanged from a bridge during the <a href="/wiki/Centralia_massacre_(Washington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralia massacre (Washington)">Centralia Massacre</a> labor conflict </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_lynching_in_Moberly,_Missouri" title="1919 lynching in Moberly, Missouri">Richardson, Allie/Halley</a></td> <td>18</td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Moberly,_Missouri" title="Moberly, Missouri">Moberly</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Missouri" title="Randolph County, Missouri">Randolph</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td rowspan="4">November 16, 1919</td> <td rowspan="4">Assault and robbery of white farmer Edward Thompson</td> <td rowspan="4">Attempted to hang all four men on one branch, which subsequently broke. Three escaped, one shot and was killed (unclear who). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_lynching_in_Moberly,_Missouri" title="1919 lynching in Moberly, Missouri">Adams, George</a></td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_lynching_in_Moberly,_Missouri" title="1919 lynching in Moberly, Missouri">Taylor, Sanford</a></td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_lynching_in_Moberly,_Missouri" title="1919 lynching in Moberly, Missouri">Anderson, James</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mosely, Sam</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_Florida" title="Lake City, Florida">Lake City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Florida" title="Columbia County, Florida">Columbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>November 29, 1919</td> <td>Accused of assaulting a white woman.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-407">[406]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920–1929">1920–1929</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1920–1929">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td>Scott, Henry</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartow,_Florida" title="Bartow, Florida">Bartow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Florida" title="Polk County, Florida">Polk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>Asking a white woman to wait until he had prepared another woman's train berth</td> <td>Shot<a href="#cite_note-Henry_Scott_NYNW-408">[407]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duluth_lynchings" title="Duluth lynchings">Clayton, Elias</a></td> <td>18–19</td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Minnesota" title="St. Louis County, Minnesota">St. Louis</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td rowspan="3">June 15, 1920</td> <td rowspan="3">Rape of a teenage girl</td> <td rowspan="3">Taken from jail by mob, given mock trials, beaten and hanged from light-post.<a href="#cite_note-409">[408]</a> Three members of the mob received prison terms of up to 5 years for rioting, albeit none of them were convicted of murder.<a href="#cite_note-mnhs-410">[409]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duluth_lynchings" title="Duluth lynchings">Jackson, Elmer</a></td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duluth_lynchings" title="Duluth lynchings">McGhie, Isaac</a></td> <td>19–20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Phillip_Gathers" title="Lynching of Phillip Gathers">Gathers, Phillip</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Effingham_County,_Georgia" title="Effingham County, Georgia">Effingham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>June 21, 1920</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot, burned, and hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Irving_and_Herman_Arthur" title="Lynching of Irving and Herman Arthur">Arthur, Irving</a></td> <td>19</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas" title="Paris, Texas">Paris</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Texas" title="Lamar County, Texas">Lamar</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 6, 1920</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Pulled from jail and burned alive </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Irving_and_Herman_Arthur" title="Lynching of Irving and Herman Arthur">Arthur, Herman</a></td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Red_Roach" title="Lynching of Red Roach">Roach, Edward "Red"</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roxboro,_North_Carolina" title="Roxboro, North Carolina">Roxboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Person_County,_North_Carolina" title="Person County, North Carolina">Person</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>July 7, 1920</td> <td>Assaulting of a 13-year-old white girl</td> <td>Shot to death, then hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daniels, Lige</td> <td>16–18</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Center,_Texas" title="Center, Texas">Center</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Texas" title="Shelby County, Texas">Shelby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>August 3, 1920</td> <td>Accused of murdering a white woman.</td> <td>Taken from jail by a mob of approximately 1,000 to the town square and hanged<a href="#cite_note-Lige_Daniels-411">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Belton" title="Roy Belton">Belton, Roy</a></td> <td>18</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_County,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa County, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>August 28, 1920</td> <td>Suspicion of murder of cab driver</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocoee_massacre" title="Ocoee massacre">Perry, Julius "July"</a></td> <td>52</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocoee,_Florida" title="Ocoee, Florida">Ocoee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida" title="Orange County, Florida">Orange</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>November 3, 1920</td> <td>Sign on body: "This is what we do to niggers that vote."</td> <td>Prosperous black farmer.<a href="#cite_note-414">[413]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Wade_Thomas" title="Lynching of Wade Thomas">Thomas, Wade</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Arkansas" title="Jonesboro, Arkansas">Jonesboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Craighead_County,_Arkansas" title="Craighead County, Arkansas">Craighead</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>December 26, 1920</td> <td>Murder of a police officer</td> <td>Taken from jail by a mob, hanged from a telegraph pole, then riddled with bullets.<a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lowry, Henry ("a negro sharecropper")</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_County,_Arkansas" title="Mississippi County, Arkansas">Mississippi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>1921</td> <td>Asked for his wages</td> <td>Burned to death; crowd of 500<a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 3  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1920_Alabama_coal_strike#Willie_Baird" title="1920 Alabama coal strike">Baird, William Roosevelt</a></td> <td>21</td> <td>White</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walker_County,_Alabama" title="Walker County, Alabama">Walker</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>January 13, 1921</td> <td>Union activity; killing in self defense</td> <td>Dragged by automobile, beaten, left for dead tied to a tree in front of Slick Lizard Mine </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_West" title="Lynching of John West">Tuggles, Brownie</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hope,_Arkansas" title="Hope, Arkansas">Hope</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hempstead_County,_Arkansas" title="Hempstead County, Arkansas">Hempstead</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>March 15, 1921</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eley, Jesse</td> <td>46</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murfreesboro,_North_Carolina" title="Murfreesboro, North Carolina">Murfreesboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hertford_County,_North_Carolina" title="Hertford County, North Carolina">Hertford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>June 20, 1921</td> <td>Owned a 50-acre farm which caused jealousy from some white neighbors.</td> <td>Jesse Eley was returning from the market in Murfreesboro, North Carolina. He bought some grain for his cattle. He had two workers riding with him in his horse-drawn wagon. As he reached the outskirts of town, he entered a path that went into a wooded area. Several men were hiding in the woods entrance waiting for him. As his wagon entered the woods, the men stopped Jesse. They began beating him and eventually hanged him on a tree. Jesse's workers took off running. One of them ran back to Jesse's farm to let the family know what was happening. The family got a horse-drawn buggy and went to rescue him. By the time they got there, Jesse was barely alive. They found him because he raised one of his legs in the air to let them know where he was. Jesse had a hole in his head, and his stomach was cut open. His throat was seizing up because of the hanging. As they put him into the buggy, he died.<a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[416]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eugene_Daniel" title="Lynching of Eugene Daniel">Daniel, Eugene</a></td> <td>16</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pittsboro,_North_Carolina" title="Pittsboro, North Carolina">Pittsboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chatham_County,_North_Carolina" title="Chatham County, North Carolina">Chatham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>September 18, 1921</td> <td>Walking into a white girl's bedroom</td> <td>Hanged from a tree with tire chains, shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Turner" title="Lynching of William Turner">Turner, William</a></td> <td>18</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Arkansas" title="Helena, Arkansas">Helena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phillips_County,_Arkansas" title="Phillips County, Arkansas">Phillips</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>November 18, 1921</td> <td>Alleged assault of 15-year-old white girl</td> <td>Shot, dragged to the park, doused in gasoline and lit on fire </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cade, Henry</td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sour_Lake,_Texas" title="Sour Lake, Texas">Sour Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Texas" title="Hardin County, Texas">Hardin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>November 26, 1921</td> <td>Rape of an 8 year old white girl</td> <td>Taken from jail and hanged by a mob<a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Fred_Rouse" title="Lynching of Fred Rouse">Rouse, Fred</a></td> <td>33</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarrant_County,_Texas" title="Tarrant County, Texas">Tarrant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>December 11, 1921</td> <td>Shot two</td> <td>While hired as a strikebreaker for a whites-only union, he was attacked and shot two union protesters. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hackney, "Curley"</td> <td>30</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas" title="McLennan County, Texas">McLennan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>December 13, 1921</td> <td>Rape of an 8-year-old girl</td> <td>Taken from jail and hanged by a mob<a href="#cite_note-419">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Manuel_Cabeza" title="Lynching of Manuel Cabeza">Cabeza, Manuel</a></td> <td>34</td> <td>White (Canarian)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Key_West,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Key West, Florida">Key West</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Florida" title="Monroe County, Florida">Monroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>December 25, 1921</td> <td>Was in a relationship with an African American woman</td> <td>Shot a man who tarred and feathered him (because of his common law marriage); lynched by Ku Klux Klan. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_Florence_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lynching in Florence County, South Carolina">McAllister, Bill</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2">Near the border of Williamsburg and Florence Counties</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florence_County,_South_Carolina" title="Florence County, South Carolina">Florence</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="2">January 8, 1922</td> <td rowspan="2">Was in a relationship with a white woman</td> <td>Bill McAllister was killed by gunshot. The news of this lynching did not reach the national media until January 8, 1922, and so it is recorded as the first lynching of 1922 in America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192616-421">[420]</a> The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary recorded five lynching incidents recorded in December 1921, none of which in South Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_Florence_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lynching in Florence County, South Carolina">Hickson, Lincoln</a></td> <td></td> <td>Lincoln Hickson was reportedly killed by gunfire but other sources say he survived the lynching </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_Lee_Jenkins" title="Lynching of Willie Lee Jenkins">Jenkins, Willie Lee</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eufaula,_Alabama" title="Eufaula, Alabama">Eufaula</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbour_County,_Alabama" title="Barbour County, Alabama">Barbour</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>January 10, 1922</td> <td>Dispute with his boss' wife. Newspapers reported that he "insulted a white woman."</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jake_Brooks" title="Lynching of Jake Brooks">Brooks, Jake</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td>January 14, 1922 </td> <td>Working as a strike breaker </td> <td>Hanged. Five men later pleaded guilty to Brooks's murder and were each sentenced to life in prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Charles_Strong" title="Lynching of Charles Strong">Strong, Charles</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayo,_Florida" title="Mayo, Florida">Mayo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Florida" title="Lafayette County, Florida">Lafayette</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td>January 17, 1922 </td> <td>Participated in a shooting that killed mailman W.R. Taylor </td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Bell" title="Lynching of Will Bell">Bell, William Arthur</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>African American </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Mississippi" title="Pontotoc County, Mississippi">Pontotoc</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>January 29, 1922 </td> <td>Assault of a white woman </td> <td>Shot<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conner/Connor, Drew </td> <td>22–23 </td> <td>White </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silas,_Alabama" title="Silas, Alabama">Bolinger</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_County,_Alabama" title="Choctaw County, Alabama">Choctaw</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td>January 28, 1922 </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>A charred body of a white man was discovered on January 28, 1922, by H.T. Raines. Investigators determined that he was burned a few weeks earlier. The body was strung between two trees and a large pile of wood was piled around him. It was reported that the body was most likely Drew Connor who went missing Christmas 1921 but the only clues to the identity were some overall buttons found in the ash.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Atlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal'',_January_31,19222-423">[422]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Thrasher" title="Lynching of Will Thrasher">Thrasher, Will</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Crystal Springs, Mississippi">Crystal Springs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copiah_County,_Mississippi" title="Copiah County, Mississippi">Copiah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>February 1, 1922 </td> <td>Assault of white woman </td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Harrison" title="Lynching of John Harrison">Harrison, John (or Harry Harrison)</a> </td> <td>38 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Arkansas" title="Malvern, Arkansas">Malvern</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hot_Spring_County,_Arkansas" title="Hot Spring County, Arkansas">Hot Spring</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>February 2, 1922 </td> <td>Harassing white women </td> <td>Shot<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lynchings_in_1922_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lynchings in 1922 Texas">Duarte, Manuel</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Hispanic </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td>February 2, 1922 </td> <td>Refused to leave farm </td> <td>Shot for not leaving the farm where he worked </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Mr_Norman" title="Lynching of Mr Norman">Norman, P.</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Arkansas" title="Texarkana, Arkansas">Texarkana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miller_County,_Arkansas" title="Miller County, Arkansas">Miller</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>February 11, 1922 </td> <td>Forced a deputy to drive at gunpoint </td> <td>Pulled from a car and shot four times by masked men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Jones" title="Lynching of Will Jones">Jones, Will</a> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellaville,_Georgia" title="Ellaville, Georgia">Ellaville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schley_County,_Georgia" title="Schley County, Georgia">Schley</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>February 13, 1922 </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Baker" title="Lynching of William Baker">Baker, William</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_Mississippi" title="Aberdeen, Mississippi">Aberdeen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Mississippi" title="Monroe County, Mississippi">Monroe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>March 8, 1922 </td> <td>Assault on white girl </td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culpepper, Brown </td> <td> </td> <td>White </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisner,_Louisiana" title="Wisner, Louisiana">Holly Grove</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Franklin Parish, Louisiana">Franklin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td>March 11, 1922 </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Brown Culpepper was living in Holly Grove, Louisiana with his two kids, his wife having moved to Natchez two years earlier. On Saturday, March 11, 1922, a party of unmasked men came to the house he was staying at; when they did not find him, they went to the house of J.R. Hutto where Culpepper was visiting. They called for him to come out but when he didn't, they stormed into the house and shot Culpepper dead. Sheriff Jesse Gilbert of Winnsboro arrested eight people for involvement in the murder: P. M. Usery Sr., Albert Farrington, P. M. Usery Jr., J. C. Farrington, Charley Parson, George Wactor, Charlie Calendor and Eugene Bradshaw.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_North_Mississippi_Herald'',_March_17,19224-424">[423]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Byrd" title="Lynching of William Byrd">Williams, Alfred</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harlem,_Georgia" title="Harlem, Georgia">Harlem</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Georgia" title="Columbia County, Georgia">Columbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>March 12, 1922 </td> <td>Assault with a firearm </td> <td>Alfred Williams was lynched on March 12, 1922, in Harlem, Georgia for allegedly shooting and wounding L.O. Anderson, a white farmer. Anderson recovered from his wounds. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Tompkins" title="Lynching of George Tompkins">Tompkins, George</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana" title="Marion County, Indiana">Marion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>March 16, 1922</td> <td>No accusation made</td> <td>Memorial Service Marked the 100th Anniversary of the Event in 2022<a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ingram, Jerry </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crawford,_Mississippi" title="Crawford, Mississippi">Crawford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Mississippi" title="Lowndes County, Mississippi">Lowndes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>March 17, 1922 </td> <td>Assault on white woman </td> <td>The wife of a popular farmer, Mrs Dewey, was attacked. She was able to yell for help and the attacker fled. Bloodhounds found a man, Jerry Ingram, 8 miles (13 km) from the scene of the attack and he was lynched.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''East_Mississippi_Times'',_March_24,19224-426">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Birmingham_Age-Herald'',_March_19,19221-427">[426]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unidentified Man </td> <td> </td> <td>White </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okay,_Oklahoma" title="Okay, Oklahoma">Okay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wagoner_County,_Oklahoma" title="Wagoner County, Oklahoma">Wagoner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td>March 19, 1922 </td> <td> </td> <td>Body of a man chained/tied to a tree was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Okay,_Oklahoma" title="Okay, Oklahoma">Okay, Oklahoma</a>. He was wearing clothes of "an excellent grade" and had a handkerchief with the initial "B"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_times-Dispatch_'',_March_19,19221-428">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Great_Falls_Tribune'',_March_20,19223-429">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Alex_Smith" title="Lynching of Alex Smith">Smith, Alex</a> </td> <td>60 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Mississippi" title="Harrison County, Mississippi">Harrison</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>March 22, 1922 </td> <td>Ran "a house of ill fame" </td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_Kirvin,_Texas" title="Lynching in Kirvin, Texas">Curry, McKinley</a></td> <td>23</td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kirvin,_Texas" title="Kirvin, Texas">Kirvin</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Freestone_County,_Texas" title="Freestone County, Texas">Freestone</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="3">May 6, 1922</td> <td rowspan="4">Murder of white, 17-year-old Eula Ausley</td> <td rowspan="4">The two white men, Claude and Audey Prowell, who were initially arrested, were released and the sheriff released a statement that they were not involved in the murder of Eula Ausley. Author Monte Akers in his book "Flames After Midnight: Murder, Vengeance and the Desolation of a Texas Community", concluded that McKinley "Snap" Curry conspired with Claude and Audey Prowell to kill and murder Eula Ausley and that Mose Jones and Johnny Cornish were innocent. Tom Cornish was killed on May 8, 1922. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_Kirvin,_Texas" title="Lynching in Kirvin, Texas">Cornish, Johnny (or H. Varney)</a></td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_Kirvin,_Texas" title="Lynching in Kirvin, Texas">Jones, Mose</a></td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_Kirvin,_Texas" title="Lynching in Kirvin, Texas">Cornish, Tom</a></td> <td></td> <td>May 8, 1922 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_Early" title="Lynching of Jim Early">Early, Thomas (aka Thomas Early, Jim Earlie)</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plantersville,_Texas" title="Plantersville, Texas">Plantersville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grimes_County,_Texas" title="Grimes County, Texas">Grimes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 17, 1922</td> <td>Assault of white woman</td> <td>Burned </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Charles_Atkins" title="Lynching of Charles Atkins">Atkins, Charles</a></td> <td>15</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davisboro,_Georgia" title="Davisboro, Georgia">Davisboro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Georgia" title="Washington County, Georgia">Washington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 18, 1922</td> <td>Murder of white woman</td> <td>Burned </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Hullen_Owens" title="Lynching of Hullen Owens">Owens, Hullen</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bowie_County,_Texas" title="Bowie County, Texas">Bowie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 19, 1922</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged (body burned) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Winters" title="Lynching of Joe Winters">Winters, Joe</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 20, 1922</td> <td>Assault of white 14-year-old</td> <td>Burned </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lynchings_in_1922_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lynchings in 1922 Texas">Bozier, Mose</a></td> <td>60</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alleyton,_Texas" title="Alleyton, Texas">Alleyton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado_County,_Texas" title="Colorado County, Texas">Colorado</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 20, 1922</td> <td>Assault of a white woman</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lynchings_in_1922_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lynchings in 1922 Texas">Wilson, Gilbert</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazos_County,_Texas" title="Brazos County, Texas">Brazos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 23, 1922</td> <td>Stealing cattle</td> <td>Beaten to death </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Thomas" title="Lynching of Jesse Thomas">Thomas, Jesse</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McLennan_County,_Texas" title="McLennan County, Texas">McLennan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 26, 1922</td> <td>Assault of white woman and murder of her companion</td> <td>Shot (body burned) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Byrd" title="Lynching of William Byrd">Byrd, William</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td>Brentwood</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Georgia" title="Wayne County, Georgia">Wayne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 28, 1922</td> <td>Manslaughter</td> <td>Shot (body burned) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Robert_Collins" title="Lynching of Robert Collins">Collins, Robert</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Summit,_Mississippi" title="Summit, Mississippi">Summit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Mississippi" title="Pike County, Mississippi">Pike</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>June 20, 1922</td> <td>Assault of a young white woman</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lynchings_in_1922_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lynchings in 1922 Texas">Lewis, Warren</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td>New Dacus</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 23, 1922</td> <td>Assault of a white woman</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_Harvey_and_Joe_Jordan" title="Lynching of James Harvey and Joe Jordan">Harvey, James</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2">Lanes Bridge</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Georgia" title="Liberty County, Georgia">Liberty</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 1, 1922</td> <td rowspan="2">Assault of employer's wife</td> <td rowspan="2">Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_Harvey_and_Joe_Jordan" title="Lynching of James Harvey and Joe Jordan">Jordan, Joe</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tankard, Philip </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belhaven,_North_Carolina" title="Belhaven, North Carolina">Belhaven</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_County,_North_Carolina" title="Beaufort County, North Carolina">Beaufort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td>July 5, 1922 </td> <td>Rioting </td> <td>Tankard was shot to death after riots following a July 4 celebration by J.F. Burrows who was deputized to help put down the riots.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Pensacola_Journal'',_July_6,19222-430">[429]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pemberton, Joe </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Louisiana" title="Benton, Louisiana">Benton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td>July 7, 1922 </td> <td>Shot two Black women </td> <td>Joe Pemberton was in the <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier Parish jail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Benton,_Louisiana" title="Benton, Louisiana">Benton, Louisiana</a> for shooting two Black women. A white mob surrounded the jail, overpowered Deputy Sheriff J.A. Wilson, and took Pemberton. His body was later found hanging from a tree in Black Bayou swamp, 2 miles (3.2 km) from Benton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Chicago_Whip'',_July_15,19221-431">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_July_7,19221-432">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jake_Davis" title="Lynching of Jake Davis">Davis, Jake</a> </td> <td>62 </td> <td>African- merican </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miller_County,_Georgia" title="Miller County, Georgia">Miller</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>July 14, 1922 </td> <td>Consensual relationship with 26-year-old Ethel Skittel </td> <td>Hanged by white mob. After the event, the Miller County Liberal wrote that "hundreds of the citizens throughout the county regret this lynching. Many have said [Ethel Skittel] was guiltier than Jake."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Mack" title="Oscar Mack">Mack, Oscar</a> </td> <td>29-years-old during the lynching attempt </td> <td>African American </td> <td>Lake Jennie Jewel </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida" title="Orange County, Florida">Orange</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td>July 19, 1922 </td> <td>Shooting death of two white men </td> <td>According to contemporary sources, Mack was reported to be lynched.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> However, he was able to escape and died at 67-years-old in Ohio. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anderson, William </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moultrie,_Georgia" title="Moultrie, Georgia">Moultrie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colquitt_County,_Georgia" title="Colquitt County, Georgia">Colquitt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>July 24, 1922 </td> <td>Assaulting a white 15-year-old girl </td> <td>Three men had seized William Anderson and chained him inside a car. While waiting to drop him off to the police outside the <a href="/wiki/Moultrie,_Georgia" title="Moultrie, Georgia">Moultrie, Georgia</a> jail, an unknown man jumped in and sped off. Andersen's bullet-ridden body was later found a few miles away next to the <a href="/wiki/Ellenton,_Georgia" title="Ellenton, Georgia">Ellenton, Georgia</a> Reedy Creek Baptist Church. The Colquit county grand Jury was called into special session to investigate the people behind the lynching but was quickly adjourned due to lack of evidence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Brunswick_News'',_July_25,19221-433">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Pensacola_Journal'',_July_26,19222-434">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_West" title="Lynching of John West">West, John</a> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hope,_Arkansas" title="Hope, Arkansas">Guernsey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hempstead_County,_Arkansas" title="Hempstead County, Arkansas">Hempstead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>July 28, 1922 </td> <td>Fight over West using a drinking cup </td> <td>The newspaper The Little River News reported that West was probably shot and killed "after he flourished a pistol and threatened the men who intended only to whip him."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Little_River_News'',_August_2,19221-435">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Harris, Gilbert </td> <td>28 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs,_Arkansas" title="Hot Springs, Arkansas">Hot Springs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garland_County,_Arkansas" title="Garland County, Arkansas">Garland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>August 1, 1922 </td> <td>Killing of Maurice Connelly (insurance solicitor) in a burglary gone wrong </td> <td>A white mob, some 500 strong, broke into the jail and seized Gilbert Harris after overpowering the police in the public square (actually a triangle shape in front of the Como hotel). Even though Harris had a history of break and enters, he professed his innocence. The mob later took the corpse back and laid it in the jail.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_Planet'',_August_5,19228-436">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_Planet'',_August_12,19224-437">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Glover" title="Lynching of John Glover">Glover, John</a> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkwright,_Georgia" title="Arkwright, Georgia">Holton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bibb_County,_Georgia" title="Bibb County, Georgia">Bibb County</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>August 2, 1922 </td> <td>Manslaughter of Deputy Sheriff Walter C. Byrd </td> <td>Beaten, tied to a tree, riddled with bullets and lit on fire. Corpse was displayed in the Black community of Macon. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Bayner_Blackwell" title="Lynching of Bayner Blackwell">Blackwell, Bayner</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swansboro,_North_Carolina" title="Swansboro, North Carolina">Swansboro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onslow_County,_North_Carolina" title="Onslow County, North Carolina">Onslow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td>August 6, 1922 </td> <td>Murder of Cy Jones </td> <td>Onslow Sheriff claims Blackwell wasn't lynched, rather run out of town. The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary report claims he was shot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Steelman, John </td> <td>35 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lambert,_Mississippi" title="Lambert, Mississippi">Lambert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quitman_County,_Mississippi" title="Quitman County, Mississippi">Quitman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>August 23, 1922 </td> <td>Assault on a white woman, Mrs. Bruce White </td> <td>Mr. Bruce White had hired Steelman for some work. White and Steelman ate breakfast at White's house and then walked to the work site. Steelman made an excuse and returned to White's house where he allegedly attacked Mrs. Bruce White. Her yelling alerted a Black field hand who had run away after Mrs. White started screaming. A mob then hunted him down and, even though he had a gun, were able to capture him. John Steelman was tied to a stake wood piled around him and then the pyre was ignited by Mrs. Bruce White.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New-York_Tribune'',_August_24,19229-438">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Brattleboro_Daily_Reformer'',_August_24,19221-439">[438]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rivers, Thomas </td> <td>25 </td> <td>African American </td> <td>Bossier Parish </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td>August 30, 1922 </td> <td>Assault of a white woman </td> <td>When Thomas Rivers was arrested, the community threatened to lynch him. He was being moved to the Benton jail when a mob overpowered the officers and took Rivers. His body was found hanging near the Shreveport-Bossier highway about 12 miles (19 km) from <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Capital_Journal'',_August_30,19221-440">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Ardmoreite'',_August_30,19221-441">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynchings_of_Mer_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Lynchings of Mer Rouge, Louisiana">Daniel, Filmore Watt</a> </td> <td>35 </td> <td rowspan="2">White </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mer_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Mer Rouge, Louisiana">Mer Rouge</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morehouse_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Morehouse Parish, Louisiana">Morehouse</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">August 24, 1922 </td> <td rowspan="2">Spoke out against KKK activities </td> <td rowspan="2">Ku-Klux Klan kidnapped the men on August 24, 1922, and the bodies were discovered in nearby Lake Lafourche on December 24, 1922. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynchings_of_Mer_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Lynchings of Mer Rouge, Louisiana">Richards, Thomas F.</a> </td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long, Jim Reed </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrow_County,_Georgia" title="Barrow County, Georgia">Barrow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>September 2, 1922 </td> <td>Attack of a white woman, 19-year-old Ms. Violet Wood, daughter of Rev. John H. Wood </td> <td>Ms. Violet Wood was visiting the house of her aunt, Ms. Pearl Saunders, when she interrupted a burglary allegedly undertaken by Jim Reed Long. Startled to find Wood in the house, he struck her with an iron bar. After his arrest, a mob quickly gathered in Winder, demanding that Long be handed over. Sheriff Camp was able to get Long out of the Barrows county jail in Winder but when he was taking him to Atlanta, he was stopped on the roads, overpowered and Jim Reed Long was taken by a mob and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Great_Falls_Tribune'',_September_3,19221-442">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Palatka_Daily_News'',_September_3,19221-443">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_September_3,19221-444">[443]</a> Some reports say by the Ku-Klux Klan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> News media of the time repeated that the lynching was "orderly conducted."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_September_3,19221-444">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Palatka_Daily_News'',_September_3,19221-443">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[444]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lynchings_in_1922_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lynchings in 1922 Texas">Johnson, O.J.</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Texas" title="Newton, Texas">Newton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Texas" title="Newton County, Texas">Newton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td>September 7, 1922 </td> <td>Johnson was twice tried with killing a Turpentine camp foreman four years earlier. </td> <td>Hanged from a tree </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnston, Jim</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wrightsville,_Georgia" title="Wrightsville, Georgia">Wrightsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Georgia" title="Johnson County, Georgia">Johnson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>September 28, 1922</td> <td>Assault of a white woman</td> <td>A mob had gathered in <a href="/wiki/Sandersville,_Georgia" title="Sandersville, Georgia">Sandersville</a>, and so Deputy Sheriff Davis and Nixon were driving Johnson to Wrightsville when a posse of 50 men overpowered the deputies and seized Johnson. Hanged on the Cedar Creek bridge, his body was riddled with bullets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Martinsburg_Journal'',_September_29,19222-446">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Atlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal'',_September_30,19222-447">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lynchings_in_1922_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lynchings in 1922 Texas">Everett, Grover C.</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Texas" title="Taylor County, Texas">Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Texas" title="Jones County, Texas">Jones</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>September 28, 1922</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Shot in his hotel room by four people </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brown, John</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama" title="Montgomery County, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>October 3, 1922</td> <td></td> <td>A race riot broke out on October 3, 1922, after African American Joe Terell was arrested in connection with the murder of George Tilson who in turn was searching for a Black assailant that killed white policeman Albert Sansom. African American Edward Pearl was killed in the race rioting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New-York_Tribune'',_October_3,19221-448">[447]</a> The report on the lynchings of 1922 by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a>, lists John Brown as being lynched on October 3, 1922, in Montgomery,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> but newspaper reports write that he was seized, questioned and released.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Dallas_Express'',_October_7,19221-449">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_Britain_Herald_'',_October_3,192218-450">[449]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_and_Ed_Hartley" title="Lynching of George and Ed Hartley">Hartley, Ed</a></td> <td>40–41</td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Camden,_Tennessee" title="Camden, Tennessee">Camden</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Tennessee" title="Benton County, Tennessee">Benton</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td rowspan="2">October 20, 1922</td> <td rowspan="2">Manslaughter of Connie Hartley, nephew of Ed Hartley</td> <td rowspan="2">Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_and_Ed_Hartley" title="Lynching of George and Ed Hartley">Hartley, George</a></td> <td>21–22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Elias_Zarate" title="Lynching of Elias Zarate">Zarate, Elias V.</a></td> <td>22</td> <td>Hispanic</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weslaco,_Texas" title="Weslaco, Texas">Weslaco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_Texas" title="Hidalgo County, Texas">Hidalgo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>November 11, 1922</td> <td>Fight with co-worker, J.L. Sullivan, in which Sullivan's arm was broken</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perry_massacre" title="Perry massacre">Dickson, Cupid</a> (also found as Cubrit Dixon)</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Florida" title="Madison, Florida">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Florida" title="Madison County, Florida">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>December 5, 1922</td> <td></td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perry_massacre" title="Perry massacre">Wright, Charles</a>; Young, Albert and an unidentified Black man</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perry,_Florida" title="Perry, Florida">Perry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Florida" title="Taylor County, Florida">Taylor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>December 1922</td> <td>Murder of white teacher</td> <td>Escaped convict Wright was taken from sheriff by a large mob, tortured into confession, and burned at the stake. Two other suspects were shot and hanged. Several African American community buildings and homes were burned in the <a href="/wiki/Perry_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry race riot">Perry race riot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-451">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[451]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smith, Less</td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morrilton,_Arkansas" title="Morrilton, Arkansas">Morrilton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conway_County,_Arkansas" title="Conway County, Arkansas">Conway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>December 9, 1922</td> <td>Murder of Granville Edward Farish</td> <td>Deputy sheriff Granville Edward Farish was trying to collect a debt from Smith when a scuffle broke out. In the fight, Farish smashed a bottle over Smith's head whereupon Smith shot him in the stomach. Smith was arrested and a white mob soon gathered. When officials tried to move Smith to another jail, he was seized, hanged from a tree, and his body riddled with bullets. When the body was taken to the undertaker, the mob burst in to view the body.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffith2019-453">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">[421]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Gay" title="Lynching of George Gay">Gay, George</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Streetman,_Texas" title="Streetman, Texas">Streetman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freestone_County,_Texas" title="Freestone County, Texas">Freestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navarro_County,_Texas" title="Navarro County, Texas">Navarro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>December 11, 1922</td> <td>Accused of assaulting white 20-year-old Miss Florine Grayson</td> <td>Florine Grayson could not positively identify George Gay when he was brought before her. The mob ignored this, chained him to a tree and shot him around 300 times. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_massacre" title="Rosewood massacre">Carter, Sam</a></td> <td>45</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosewood,_Florida" title="Rosewood, Florida">Rosewood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Levy_County,_Florida" title="Levy County, Florida">Levy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 2, 1923</td> <td>Sexual assault of a white woman</td> <td>Falsely accused, tortured, shot, then hung by white mob which <a href="/wiki/Rosewood_massacre" title="Rosewood massacre">went on a rampage burning homes and killing several other people</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilson, Abraham</td> <td>33–34</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_Florida" title="Newberry, Florida">Newberry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 17, 1923</td> <td>Cattle stealing</td> <td>Serving 6-month sentence when taken from jail and hanged.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[453]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scott, James T.</td> <td>35–56</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Missouri" title="Boone County, Missouri">Boone</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>April 29, 1923</td> <td>Assaulting a 14 year old white girl</td> <td>Accused of detaining and beating the daughter of a professor at the University of Columbia, where Scott worked as a janitor. Lynched by a mob of over 100 men. Memorial plaque erected in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-455">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[455]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Simmons, Henry</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="Palm Beach, Florida">Palm Beach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>June 7, 1923</td> <td>Killing of police officer</td> <td>A police officer stopped "three negroes in regards to the butchering of a turtle" on June 3, 1923. After a struggle, the officer was shot and described the assailants before dying 3 days later. A lynch mob first seized James Sands, who was beaten before one of the mob declared he was "not the one". Sands was released. The mob later seized Henry Simmons from a boarding house in West Palm Beach. His body was found the morning of June 7, 1923, at a location on Barton Road on Palm Beach Island, a short distance from <a href="/wiki/The_Breakers_(hotel)" title="The Breakers (hotel)">The Breakers</a>. The body was shot multiple times and hung from a tree close to where the officer was shot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://pbcremembrance.org/history.htm">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://pbcremembrance.org/PDF/Henry_Simmons_Article.pdf">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pullen" title="Joe Pullen">Pullen, Joe</a></td> <td>40</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drew,_Mississippi" title="Drew, Mississippi">Drew</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_County,_Mississippi" title="Sunflower County, Mississippi">Sunflower</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>December 14, 1923</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot and burned </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bell, William</td> <td>33</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>October 8, 1924</td> <td>Accosting two girls</td> <td>Beaten to death by a mob in a Jewish neighborhood. The girls, when questioned by police, admitted they were unsure if Bell was in fact the same man who had accosted them. The only lynching in Chicago history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhejirika2019-457">[456]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Smith" title="Lynching of Samuel Smith">Smith, Samuel</a></td> <td>15</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>December 15, 1924</td> <td>Robbed a grocery store and shot the white owner.</td> <td>Taken out of his hospital room in Nashville and lynched by a mob of masked men where he was first caught.<a href="#cite_note-458">[457]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington, Willie</td> <td>22</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duval_County,_Florida" title="Duval County, Florida">Duval</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 31, 1925</td> <td></td> <td>Murdered by a local policeman, Washington's body was later displayed in the county courthouse.<a href="#cite_note-459">[458]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jordan, James</td> <td>Adult</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Virginia" title="Waverly, Virginia">Waverly</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia" title="Sussex County, Virginia">Sussex</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>March 20, 1925</td> <td>Married woman "attacked" in her home.</td> <td>The case and two others helped lead to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Anti-Lynching_Law_of_1928&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Anti-Lynching Law of 1928 (page does not exist)">Virginia Anti-Lynching Law of 1928</a>, the first state law against lynching.<a href="#cite_note-460">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[460]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Robert_Marshall" title="Lynching of Robert Marshall">Marshall, Robert</a></td> <td>39–40</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Price,_Utah" title="Price, Utah">Price</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_County,_Utah" title="Carbon County, Utah">Carbon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></td> <td>June 18, 1925</td> <td>Accused of killing a white guard</td> <td>The allegation was based on the testimony of two young boys who said they saw a black man running from the scene of the crime. Marshall was lynched in front of a crowd of 1,000. When the sheriff arrived, he cut Marshall down and was putting him in the car when Marshall made noise indicating he was alive. The mob shouted to lynch him again. Afterward, Marshall's body was put on display in the funeral parlor and photos of the lynching were sold door-to-door for 25 cents. In 1998, the community provided a headstone for him.<a href="#cite_note-462">[461]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_L._Q._Ivy" title="Lynching of L. Q. Ivy">Ivy, L. Q.</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Etta,_Mississippi" title="Etta, Mississippi">Rocky Ford (Etta)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Mississippi" title="Union County, Mississippi">Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>September 20, 1925</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Burned at the stake<a href="#cite_note-AJA-463">[462]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(lynching_victim)" title="James Clark (lynching victim)">Clark, James</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eau_Gallie,_Florida" title="Eau Gallie, Florida">Eau Gallie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brevard_County,_Florida" title="Brevard County, Florida">Brevard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>July 11, 1926</td> <td>Rape of a white girl</td> <td>Taken from law officers and lynched. No attempt to verify crime nor identify murderers: last known lynching in Brevard County<a href="#cite_note-Scruggs-464">[463]</a><a href="#cite_note-frontier-465">[464]</a><a href="#cite_note-466">[465]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fred_N._Selak" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred N. Selak">Selak, Fred N.</a></td> <td>61</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake,_Colorado" title="Grand Lake, Colorado">Grand Lake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_County,_Colorado" title="Grand County, Colorado">Grand</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td>July 21, 1926</td> <td>None</td> <td>Murdered in part because of a fencing dispute, but also to steal money thought to be stashed on his property.<a href="#cite_note-467">[466]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Byrd" title="Lynching of Raymond Byrd">Byrd, Raymond Arthur</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wythe_County,_Virginia" title="Wythe County, Virginia">Wythe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>August 15, 1926</td> <td>Fathering a child with a white woman</td> <td>Beaten, dragged by a car and hanged from an oak tree </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nunez, Thomas (or Munoz)</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="4">Latino</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Raymondville,_Texas" title="Raymondville, Texas">Raymondville</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Willacy_County,_Texas" title="Willacy County, Texas">Willacy</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td rowspan="5">September 7, 1926</td> <td rowspan="5">Murder</td> <td rowspan="5">All five were shot after an ambush.<a href="#cite_note-Gonzales-468">[467]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nunez, Jose</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nunez, Delancio</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gonzales, Cinco</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zaller, Matt</td> <td></td> <td>White (Austrian) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nelson, Samuel</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delray_Beach,_Florida" title="Delray Beach, Florida">Delray Beach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>September 26–27, 1926</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Nelson was arrested on September 26, 1926 in Delray Beach on charges of assaulting a white woman in <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a>. The following morning, the jail door was found torn open and the cell was empty. Later, a body identified as Nelson was found on a canal bank four miles west, with multiple gunshot wounds. The Delray Beach Chief of Police later testified to the City Council that they had refused to release the prisoner to a stranger claiming to be an official from Miami; however, the prisoner was counted in the cell as of midnight on September 26. The Police department was declared "free of blame of neglect" by the City Council. The culpability of the accused suspect for the crime in Miami, 55 miles away, was called into question as a <a href="/wiki/1926_Miami_hurricane" title="1926 Miami hurricane">major hurricane</a> had struck eight days earlier, hampering travel<a href="#cite_note-469">[468]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lowman, Bertha</td> <td>27</td> <td rowspan="3">African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Aiken,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken, South Carolina">Aiken vicinity</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Aiken_County,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken County, South Carolina">Aiken</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td rowspan="3">October 8, 1926</td> <td rowspan="3">Alleged murder of the sheriff</td> <td rowspan="3">After the second day of a retrial, they were taken from the jail to the outskirts of Aiken and shot, with a large crowd in attendance.<a href="#cite_note-470">[469]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lowman, Demon</td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lowman, Clarence</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buddington, George</td> <td>55</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldo,_Florida" title="Waldo, Florida">Waldo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alachua_County,_Florida" title="Alachua County, Florida">Alachua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>December 27, 1926</td> <td>Attempted to collect debt from a white woman at gunpoint</td> <td>Mob broke lock on jail, took Buddington out of town and shot him to death.<a href="#cite_note-alachua-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-471">[470]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Tom_Payne" title="Lynching of Tom Payne">Payne, Tom</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willis,_Texas" title="Willis, Texas">Willis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>February 1, 1927</td> <td></td> <td>Arrested in connection with a suspected assault and murder, he was taken by a white mob and hanged from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-472">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-473">[472]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Carter" title="Lynching of John Carter">Carter, John</a></td> <td>38</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Arkansas" title="Pulaski County, Arkansas">Pulaski</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>May 4, 1927</td> <td>None</td> <td>No charges filed; "mob" responsible.<a href="#cite_note-474">[473]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Dan_Anderson" title="Lynching of Dan Anderson">Anderson, Dan</a></td> <td>32</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Mississippi" title="Macon, Mississippi">Macon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noxubee_County,_Mississippi" title="Noxubee County, Mississippi">Noxubee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>May 20, 1927</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Sherod" title="Lynching of Will Sherod">Sherod, Will</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Braggadocio,_Missouri" title="Braggadocio, Missouri">Braggadocio</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pemiscot_County,_Missouri" title="Pemiscot County, Missouri">Pemiscot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>May 22, 1927</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Bernice_Raspberry" title="Lynching of Bernice Raspberry">Raspberry, Bernice</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leakesville,_Mississippi" title="Leakesville, Mississippi">Leakesville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Mississippi" title="Greene County, Mississippi">Greene</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>May 25, 1927</td> <td>"Slleged improper conduct with a white woman"</td> <td>Hanged, shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Owen_Flemming" title="Lynching of Owen Flemming">Flemming, Owen</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mellwood,_Arkansas" title="Mellwood, Arkansas">Mellwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phillips_County,_Arkansas" title="Phillips County, Arkansas">Phillips</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>June 8, 1927</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Upchurch" title="Lynching of Joseph Upchurch">Upchurch, Joseph</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td>near <a href="/wiki/Paris,_Tennessee" title="Paris, Tennessee">Paris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Tennessee" title="Henry County, Tennessee">Henry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>June 17, 1927</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_and_Mark_Fox" title="Lynching of Jim and Mark Fox">Fox, Jim</a></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Winston_County,_Mississippi" title="Winston County, Mississippi">Winston</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">June 26, 1927</td> <td rowspan="2">Murder</td> <td rowspan="2">Brothers arrested in connection with a suspected murder of a white man, he was taken by a white mob, tied to a telephone pole with barbed wire, and burned.<a href="#cite_note-CL_lynching-475">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fox-476">[475]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_and_Mark_Fox" title="Lynching of Jim and Mark Fox">Fox, Mark</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Smith" title="Lynching of Joe Smith">Smith, Joe</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_City,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo City, Mississippi">Yazoo City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_County,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo County, Mississippi">Yazoo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>July 7, 1927</td> <td>Attempting to "attack" a "young white girl"</td> <td>Hanged, shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Albert_Williams" title="Lynching of Albert Williams">Williams, Albert</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiefland,_Florida" title="Chiefland, Florida">Chiefland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Levy_County,_Florida" title="Levy County, Florida">Levy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>July 21, 1927</td> <td>Assault</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Bradshaw" title="Lynching of Thomas Bradshaw">Bradshaw, Thomas</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bailey,_North_Carolina" title="Bailey, North Carolina">Bailey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nash_County,_North_Carolina" title="Nash County, North Carolina">Nash</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>August 2, 1927</td> <td>Rape</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Winston_Pounds" title="Lynching of Winston Pounds">Pounds, Winston</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilmot,_Arkansas" title="Wilmot, Arkansas">Wilmot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashley_County,_Arkansas" title="Ashley County, Arkansas">Ashley</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>August 25–26, 1927</td> <td>Breaking and entering, assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Williams" title="Lynching of Thomas Williams">Williams, Thomas</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>September 28, 1927</td> <td>Attacking a fifty-year old white woman</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Choate" title="Lynching of Henry Choate">Choate, Henry</a></td> <td>18</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Tennessee" title="Columbia, Tennessee">Columbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maury_County,_Tennessee" title="Maury County, Tennessee">Maury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>November 13, 1927</td> <td>Assaulting a white girl</td> <td>Killed with a hammer, dragged by automobile and hanged at the County Courthouse in Columbia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Leonard_Woods" title="Lynching of Leonard Woods">Woods, Leonard</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_Gap" title="Pound Gap">Pound Gap</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Letcher_County,_Kentucky" title="Letcher County, Kentucky">Letcher</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td>November 30, 1927</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Bank_Robbery" title="Santa Claus Bank Robbery">Ratliff, Marshall</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cisco,_Texas" title="Cisco, Texas">Cisco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastland_County,_Texas" title="Eastland County, Texas">Eastland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>December 23, 1927</td> <td>Bank robbery</td> <td>Robbed a bank with three accomplices while dressed as Santa Claus. Ensuing shootout(s), manhunt, capture, and lynch mob. His hands and feet were bound, and he was hanged with rope thrown over a guy-wire between two telephone poles in a vacant lot behind a movie theater. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bearden, James</td> <td>25</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Mississippi" title="Lincoln County, Mississippi">Lincoln</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">June 29, 1928</td> <td rowspan="2">Argued with white men over debt</td> <td rowspan="2">Dragged behind car, hanged<a href="#cite_note-Beardens-477">[476]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bearden, Stanly</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benavides, Rafael</td> <td></td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Juan County, New Mexico">San Juan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td>November 16, 1928</td> <td>Attacking a white man's wife</td> <td>Benavides was a Mexican shepherd who was accused by the police to have attacked a white man's wife. The police then went to arrest Benavides and shot him for resisting arrest. They rushed him to the hospital; three men then called the hospital asking if the Mexican was being guarded by authorities which the nurse confirmed he wasn't. The three men later on snuck into the hospital, kidnapped Benavides and hung him from a tree near an abandoned ranch.<a href="#cite_note-478">[477]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Platte_black_exodus" title="North Platte black exodus">Seeman, Louis "Slim"</a></td> <td>30s</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Platte,_Nebraska" title="North Platte, Nebraska">North Platte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln County, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td>July 13, 1929</td> <td>Murder of police officer Ed Green</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930–1949">1930–1949</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1930–1949">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown male</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Arkansas" title="Marion, Arkansas">Marion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_County,_Arkansas" title="Crittenden County, Arkansas">Crittenden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>1930s</td> <td>Teaching the black children of <a href="/wiki/Marked_Tree,_Arkansas" title="Marked Tree, Arkansas">Marked Tree, Arkansas</a> to read</td> <td>Burned, sign posted "run niggers run!".<a href="#cite_note-Fannie_Lewis-479">[478]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilkins, John H.</td> <td>45</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Locust_Grove,_Georgia" title="Locust Grove, Georgia">Locust Grove</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Georgia" title="Henry County, Georgia">Henry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>April 18, 1930</td> <td>Smiling at a white woman</td> <td>Wilkins, a <a href="/wiki/Pullman_porter" title="Pullman porter">pullman porter</a>, was dragged off his train and lynched.<a href="#cite_note-480">[479]</a> A protest manifesto mentioning his lynching and two others had a cropped picture of a lynched African American.<a href="#cite_note-481">[480]</a> This cropped photograph is taken from one of an African American lynched/hanged from a telephone pole in a railyard (Georgia(?);<a href="#cite_note-Without_Sanctuary_#_12_picture-406">[405]</a> it is unknown if the original photo is of Wilkins. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green, Allen</td> <td>50</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walhalla,_South_Carolina" title="Walhalla, South Carolina">Walhalla vicinity</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oconee_County,_South_Carolina" title="Oconee County, South Carolina">Oconee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>April 24, 1930</td> <td>Allegedly criminally assaulted white woman</td> <td>After severely injuring the sheriff, the victim was taken from the county jail, tied to a tree outside the city, and shot multiple times by a crowd of about 100 men.<a href="#cite_note-482">[481]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Hughes" title="Lynching of George Hughes">Hughes, George</a></td> <td>41</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Texas" title="Grayson County, Texas">Grayson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 9, 1930</td> <td>Pled guilty to criminal assault.</td> <td>Courthouse stormed (during trial), burned down with Hughes locked in vault, fire hoses cut. Body then dragged behind car and hanged, and fire lit under it. Followed by riot and destruction of black businesses. Two persons received two-year sentences for violence.<a href="#cite_note-483">[482]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of George Johnson">Johnson, George</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honey_Grove,_Texas" title="Honey Grove, Texas">Honey Grove</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fannin_County,_Texas" title="Fannin County, Texas">Fannin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>May 16, 1930</td> <td>Murder</td> <td>Shot by a sheriff’s posse </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Argo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Henry Argo">Argo, Henry</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chickasha,_Oklahoma" title="Chickasha, Oklahoma">Chickasha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grady_County,_Oklahoma" title="Grady County, Oklahoma">Grady</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>May 30, 1930</td> <td> Assault || Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Bill_Roan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Bill Roan">Roan, William</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazos_County,_Texas" title="Brazos County, Texas">Brazos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 18, 1930</td> <td>Attempted rape</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jenkins, Dan</td> <td>22</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union,_South_Carolina" title="Union, South Carolina">Union</a> vicinity</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_South_Carolina" title="Union County, South Carolina">Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>June 21, 1930</td> <td>Allegedly raped a white woman</td> <td>Captured by local citizens and identified by the woman, he was shot by a mob of about 150. The governor had been notified of the potential lynching and ordered out the National Guard, which arrived twenty minutes too late.<a href="#cite_note-484">[483]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jack_Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Jack Robertson">Robertson, Jack</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 28, 1930</td> <td>Attempted murder</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Shipp, Thomas</a></td> <td>18</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Indiana" title="Marion, Indiana">Marion</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Indiana" title="Grant County, Indiana">Grant</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td rowspan="2">August 7, 1930</td> <td rowspan="2">Robbery of white couple, homicide, rape</td> <td rowspan="2">Lynch mob of thousands broke into jail and took Thomas Shipp, Abram Smith and <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron_(activist)" title="James Cameron (activist)">James Cameron</a>. The mob hung the first two up in a tree. Cameron was released by the mob but was convicted of accessory and served time, later becoming an activist and founding the <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Black_Holocaust_Museum" title="America's Black Holocaust Museum">America's Black Holocaust Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leroux-485">[484]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Smith, Abram</a></td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moore, Oliver</td> <td>29</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgecombe_County,_North_Carolina" title="Edgecombe County, North Carolina">Edgecombe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>August 19, 1930</td> <td>Alleged sexual improprieties with two young white girls</td> <td>Hanged and shot by mob who broke into jail<a href="#cite_note-486">[485]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grant, George</td> <td>40</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darien,_Georgia" title="Darien, Georgia">Darien</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Georgia" title="McIntosh County, Georgia">McIntosh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>September 8, 1930</td> <td>Killing a police officer, and wounding three other people</td> <td>Sheriff: "I don't know who killed the nigger and I don't give a damn."<a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 10  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parker, John</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conway,_Arkansas" title="Conway, Arkansas">Conway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faulkner_County,_Arkansas" title="Faulkner County, Arkansas">Faulkner</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>1931</td> <td>Stealing some peaches</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 4  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wise, Mrs.</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfort,_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frankfort, Virginia (page does not exist)">Frankfort</a> (Frankford?)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>?)</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Objected to her daughter being taken out for "rides" with white Klansmen.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 8  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Gunn" title="Lynching of Raymond Gunn">Gunn, Raymond</a></td> <td>27</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Missouri" title="Maryville, Missouri">Maryville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nodaway_County,_Missouri" title="Nodaway County, Missouri">Nodaway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>January 12, 1931</td> <td>Murdering a white woman</td> <td>Burned to death. National Guard stood by and watched.<a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 10  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Charles_Bannon" title="Lynching of Charles Bannon">Bannon, Charles</a></td> <td>22</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schafer,_North_Dakota" title="Schafer, North Dakota">Schafer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McKenzie_County,_North_Dakota" title="McKenzie County, North Dakota">McKenzie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td>January 29, 1931</td> <td>Murdering his employer and family</td> <td>Mob broke into jail and hung him from a bridge<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHagburg2006-487">[486]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Matthew_Williams" title="Lynching of Matthew Williams">Williams, Matthew</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland" title="Salisbury, Maryland">Salisbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland" title="Wicomico County, Maryland">Wicomico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>December 4, 1931</td> <td>Killing his employer</td> <td>Taken forcibly from hospital. No indictment despite numerous witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 9–10  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mendiola, Higinio</td> <td>46</td> <td>Latino</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_Texas" title="Hidalgo County, Texas">Hildalgo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>December 29, 1931</td> <td>None</td> <td>A mob of 7 people hung Higinio from a tree near his home to make it appear that he had committed suicide in order to collect insurance for his death.<a href="#cite_note-Mendiola-488">[487]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tillis, Dave</td> <td>52</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crockett,_Texas" title="Crockett, Texas">Crockett</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston_County,_Texas" title="Houston County, Texas">Houston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>1932</td> <td>"Demanded an accounting from his landlord. Charged with 'entering the bedroom of a white woman'".</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Lynching-394">[393]</a>: 4–5  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shedrick_Thompson" title="Death of Shedrick Thompson">Thompson, Shedrick</a></td> <td>39</td> <td>African American</td> <td>rural</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>1932</td> <td>Assault and rape.</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Micou, Reuben</td> <td>65</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winston_County,_Mississippi" title="Winston County, Mississippi">Winston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>April 2, 1933</td> <td>Accused of getting into an altercation with a white man.</td> <td>Abducted from jail by a mob. Micou's injuries suggested he was whipped before being shot multiple times.<a href="#cite_note-489">[488]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Norris_Dendy" title="Lynching of Norris Dendy">Dendy, Norris</a></td> <td>33</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_South_Carolina" title="Clinton, South Carolina">Clinton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurens_County,_South_Carolina" title="Laurens County, South Carolina">Laurens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>June 4–5, 1933</td> <td>Striking a white man following an argument</td> <td>Broken out of jail by a group of men; five white men named in an indictment but none were convicted </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lawrence, Elizabeth</td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td>rural</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama" title="Jefferson County, Alabama">Jefferson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>June/July 1933</td> <td>Reprimanding a group of white children who threw stones at her</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-490">[489]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Armwood" title="Lynching of George Armwood">Armwood, George</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne,_Maryland" title="Princess Anne, Maryland">Princess Anne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maryland" title="Somerset County, Maryland">Somerset</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>October 18, 1933</td> <td>Attempted assault and rape</td> <td>Grand jury declined to indict any of the lynchers identified by State Police. Last lynching in Maryland. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Brooke_Hart_and_the_lynching_of_Thomas_Harold_Thurmond_and_John_M._Holmes" title="Murder of Brooke Hart and the lynching of Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes">Holmes, John M.</a></td> <td>29</td> <td rowspan="2">White</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td rowspan="2">November 26–27, 1933</td> <td rowspan="2">Kidnapping and murder of department store heir <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Hart" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooke Hart">Brooke Hart</a></td> <td rowspan="2">An estimated 10,000 people witnessed the lynching. California Governor <a href="/wiki/James_Rolph" title="James Rolph">James Rolph</a> called the act "a fine lesson for the whole nation."<a href="#cite_note-491">[490]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Brooke_Hart_and_the_lynching_of_Thomas_Harold_Thurmond_and_John_M._Holmes" title="Murder of Brooke Hart and the lynching of Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes">Thurmond, Thomas Harold</a></td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gregory, David </td> <td>25<a href="#cite_note-492">[491]</a> </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kountze,_Texas" title="Kountze, Texas">Kountze</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Texas" title="Hardin County, Texas">Hardin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td>December 7, 1933 </td> <td>Murder of a white woman; likely falsely accused. </td> <td>Shot and burned at the stake. Upon hearing he was wanted for the Dec. 2 rape and shotgun murder of a white woman, he fled to a church and hid in its belfry, where a white mob, including several law enforcement officials, cornered him on Dec. 7. When Gregory refused to come down, a member of the mob shot him. The shot rendered him unconscious, and the county sheriff moved him to a local hospital before sneaking him out after hearing word of a lynch mob heading to the hospital. Gregory died in the sheriff's car. Soon after, a mob surrounded the sheriff's car, removed Gregory's body, mutilated him, tied him behind a car, and dragged him around town before depositing his body at his mother's doorstep. When she refused to entertain the mob, the mob set a bonfire and burned Gregory's remains at the stake. Years after Gregory's lynching, a white man allegedly admitted to the white woman's rape and murder on his deathbed.<a href="#cite_note-493">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-494">[493]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cordie_Cheek" title="Lynching of Cordie Cheek">Cheek, James Cordie</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maury_County,_Tennessee" title="Maury County, Tennessee">Maury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>December 15, 1934</td> <td>Attempted rape</td> <td>Mutilated and hanged </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Robert</td> <td>40</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_Florida" title="Hillsborough County, Florida">Hillsborough</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 30, 1934</td> <td>Assault on white woman</td> <td>Investigators determined charges against Johnson were meritless, then released him to a lynch mob.<a href="#cite_note-Guzzo-495">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Graves-496">[495]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Claude_Neal" title="Lynching of Claude Neal">Neal, Claude</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Florida" title="Greenwood, Florida">Greenwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Florida" title="Jackson County, Florida">Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>October 26, 1934</td> <td>Rape and murder of 19 year old white female</td> <td>Lynchers said he "didn't deserve a trial". Castrated, forced to consume his genitals, stabbed, burned with hot irons, toes and fingers removed, hanged, body tied behind automobile. Followed by <a href="/wiki/Marianna_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianna riots">Marianna riots</a>. Important case in helping to bring lynching to an end. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moore, Bert</td> <td>26</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Mississippi" title="Columbus, Mississippi">Columbus</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Mississippi" title="Lowndes County, Mississippi">Lowndes</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 13, 1935</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-497">[496]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Morton, Dooley</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stacey, Reuben (also found as Rubin Stacy)</td> <td>37</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broward_County,_Florida" title="Broward County, Florida">Broward</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>July 19, 1935</td> <td>Threatening and frightening a white woman with a pen knife</td> <td>Law enforcement officer; grand jury refused to indict.<a href="#cite_note-498">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-499">[498]</a><a href="#cite_note-500">[499]</a> In 2022, a two-mile stretch of <a href="/wiki/Davie_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Davie Boulevard">Davie Boulevard</a> in Fort Lauderdale was renamed Rubin Stacy Memorial Boulevard.<a href="#cite_note-501">[500]</a><a href="#cite_note-502">[501]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johnson, Clyde L.</td> <td>24</td> <td>White</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yreka,_California" title="Yreka, California">Yreka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskyou</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>August 3, 1935</td> <td>Killing of Police Chief Frank R. Daw<a href="#cite_note-503">[502]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dunsmuir,_California" title="Dunsmuir, California">Dunsmuir</a> Police Chief Frank Daw was shot and killed on July 29, 1935, when he confronted an armed robbery suspect. Johnson, the alleged perpetrator, was removed from the Siskiyou County Jail and was hung from a tree near Yreka.<a href="#cite_note-504">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-505">[504]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Elwood_Higginbotham" title="Lynching of Elwood Higginbotham">Higginbotham, Elwood</a></td> <td>28</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Mississippi" title="Lafayette County, Mississippi">Lafayette</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>September 17, 1935</td> <td>Killed in self-defense a white man that attacked him after he complained about the white man's cattle running over his field.</td> <td>Killed when jury did not bring back guilty verdict promptly. Widow and extended family immediately left Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-Gregory-506">[505]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Roosevelt_Townes_and_Robert_McDaniels" title="Lynching of Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels">Townes, Roosevelt</a></td> <td>26</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Duck_Hill,_Mississippi" title="Duck Hill, Mississippi">Duck Hill</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Mississippi" title="Montgomery County, Mississippi">Montgomery</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">April 13, 1937</td> <td rowspan="2">Pair suspected in the robbery and shooting of a shopkeeper.</td> <td rowspan="2">Tied to a tree and tortured with blowtorches to extract a confession. McDaniels shot, Townes burned alive. Photos of the lynching made the national media.<a href="#cite_note-507">[506]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Roosevelt_Townes_and_Robert_McDaniels" title="Lynching of Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels">McDaniels, Robert</a></td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawkins, Richard</td> <td>16</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leon_County,_Florida" title="Leon County, Florida">Leon</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td rowspan="2">July 19, 1937</td> <td rowspan="2">Broke into a store, accused of attacking a police officer with a knife</td> <td rowspan="2">Locked up in Leon County Jail after confessing to breaking and entering; four masked men kidnapped the two from the jail, shot them dozens of times, and put warnings to other African Americans where the bodies laid.<a href="#cite_note-508">[507]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ponder, Ernest</td> <td>14–18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goodin, Albert</td> <td>35</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Tennessee" title="Covington, Tennessee">Covington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tipton_County,_Tennessee" title="Tipton County, Tennessee">Tipton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>August 16, 1937</td> <td>Shooting a police officer</td> <td>Taken from sheriff by 100 men and lynched from bridge over Beaver Creek; body recovered from river by Sheriff Deputies.<a href="#cite_note-509">[508]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Williams" title="Elbert Williams">Williams, Elbert</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Tennessee" title="Brownsville, Tennessee">Brownsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haywood_County,_Tennessee" title="Haywood County, Tennessee">Haywood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>June 20, 1940</td> <td>Registering to vote and starting an <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> chapter.</td> <td>Last reported lynching in Tennessee.<a href="#cite_note-enc-510">[509]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Thornton" title="Lynching of Jesse Thornton">Thornton, Jesse</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luverne,_Alabama" title="Luverne, Alabama">Luverne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crenshaw_County,_Alabama" title="Crenshaw County, Alabama">Crenshaw</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>June 22, 1940</td> <td>Failure to address a white cop as "Mr."</td> <td>Shot and thrown into the Patsaliga River </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Austin_Callaway" title="Lynching of Austin Callaway">Callaway, Austin</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/LaGrange,_Georgia" title="LaGrange, Georgia">LaGrange</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Troup_County,_Georgia" title="Troup County, Georgia">Troup</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>September 8, 1940</td> <td>Assaulting a white woman</td> <td>Shot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hall" title="Felix Hall">Hall, Felix</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Moore" title="Fort Moore">Fort Benning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_County,_Georgia" title="Chattahoochee County, Georgia">Chattahoochee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>February 1941</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>Hanged from a tree in a ravine. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cleo_Wright" title="Lynching of Cleo Wright">Wright, Cleo</a></td> <td>26</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikeston,_Missouri" title="Sikeston, Missouri">Sikeston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Missouri" title="Scott County, Missouri">Scott</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>January 25, 1942</td> <td>Home invasion, attempted murder, attempted rape, resisting arrest</td> <td>Around 100 black people left Sikeston and never returned.<a href="#cite_note-511">[510]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green, Ernest</td> <td>14</td> <td rowspan="2">African American</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shubuta,_Mississippi" title="Shubuta, Mississippi">Shubuta</a> ("hanging bridge")</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Mississippi" title="Clarke County, Mississippi">Clarke</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="2">October 11, 1942</td> <td rowspan="2">Attempted rape.</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-512">[511]</a>: 101  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lang, Charlie</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Robert_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Robert Hall">Hall, Robert</a></td> <td></td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Georgia" title="Newton, Georgia">Newton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baker_County,_Georgia" title="Baker County, Georgia">Baker</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>January 30, 1943</td> <td>Alleged tire theft</td> <td>Beaten to death by law enforcement </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cellos_Harrison" title="Lynching of Cellos Harrison">Harrison, Cellos</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marianna,_Florida" title="Marianna, Florida">Marianna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Florida" title="Jackson County, Florida">Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>June 16, 1943</td> <td>Murder of a white man.</td> <td>Awaiting new trial after conviction overturned on appeal. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kunze" title="Johannes Kunze">Kunze, Johannes</a></td> <td>39</td> <td>White (German)</td> <td>Camp Tonkawa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kay_County,_Oklahoma" title="Kay County, Oklahoma">Kay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>November 4, 1943</td> <td>Spying for the United States</td> <td>Beaten to death by fellow German POWs following a kangaroo court </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_James_Howard" title="Lynching of Willie James Howard">Howard, Willie James</a></td> <td>15</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Live_Oak,_Florida" title="Live Oak, Florida">Live Oak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_County,_Florida" title="Suwannee County, Florida">Suwannee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 2, 1944</td> <td>Sending Christmas card with "a note expressing his affection" to a white girl.</td> <td>Forced to jump to his death in the Suwanee River. Grand jury refused to indict.<a href="#cite_note-513">[512]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Werner_Drechsler" title="Werner Drechsler">Drechsler, Werner</a></td> <td>27</td> <td>White (German)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camp_Papago_Park" title="Camp Papago Park">Camp Papago Park</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maricopa_County,_Arizona" title="Maricopa County, Arizona">Maricopa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td>March 12, 1944</td> <td>Spying for the United States</td> <td>Hanged by fellow German POWs following a kangaroo court </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horst_G%C3%BCnther" title="Horst Günther">Günther, Horst</a></td> <td>23</td> <td>White (German)</td> <td>Camp Aiken</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiken_County,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken County, South Carolina">Aiken</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>April 6, 1944</td> <td>Suspected of collaborating with the American authorities</td> <td>Strangled by fellow German POWs and hanged from a tree </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Dorsey, George W.</a></td> <td>28</td> <td rowspan="4">African American</td> <td rowspan="4"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Walton_County,_Georgia" title="Walton County, Georgia">Walton</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td rowspan="4">July 25, 1946</td> <td rowspan="4">Stabbing of a white man (Roger Malcom)</td> <td rowspan="4">Huge investigation. 2003 and 2016 books on this investigation. No one charged. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Dorsey, Mae Murray</a></td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Malcom, Roger</a></td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Malcom, Dorothy Dorsey</a></td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Collier, Alton</td> <td>26</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>April 27, 1946</td> <td>Alleged stabbing of a white sailor (Freddie Leroy Johnson) who was part of a crowd already chasing him with weapons to the bow of the boat shouting racial slurs.</td> <td>Forced off a ferry and left to drown. Ruled a suicide until 2024 when the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Justice_Initiative" title="Equal Justice Initiative">Equal Justice Initiative</a> declared it a lynching.<a href="#cite_note-514">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-515">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-516">[515]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Cecil_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cecil Jones">Jones, John Cecil</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>African American</td> <td>near <a href="/wiki/Minden,_Louisiana" title="Minden, Louisiana">Minden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Webster_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Webster Parish, Louisiana">Webster</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>August 8, 1946</td> <td>Peering into a white woman's house through the window</td> <td>Beaten, tortured and mutilated along with his cousin Albert Harris, Jr. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_Earle" title="Lynching of Willie Earle">Earle, Willie</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenville_County,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville County, South Carolina">Greenville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>February 16, 1947</td> <td>Killing of taxi driver</td> <td>31 suspects charged; all acquitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gilbert, Henry "Peg"</td> <td>42</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Georgia" title="Harris County, Georgia">Harris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>May 22, 1947</td> <td>Hiding Gus Davidson, accused of killing a white farmer</td> <td>Shot and killed by Police Chief W. H. Buchanan in Harris County Jail<a href="#cite_note-517">[516]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mallard" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mallard">Mallard, Robert</a></td> <td>38</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyons,_Georgia" title="Lyons, Georgia">Lyons</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toombs_County,_Georgia" title="Toombs County, Georgia">Toombs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>November 20, 1948</td> <td>Voting and prosperity</td> <td>Car surrounded by 20 Ku Klux Klan members. Car was shot at with pistols. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950–1975">1950–1975</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1950–1975">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Council" title="Lynn Council">Council, Lynn</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>African American</td> <td>near <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wake_County,_North_Carolina" title="Wake County, North Carolina">Wake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td>November 1952</td> <td>Robbery</td> <td>He survived. Newspapers treat it as a lynching. Council has received apologies from the law enforcement agencies involved. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Isadore_Banks" title="Lynching of Isadore Banks">Banks, Isadore</a></td> <td>59</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Arkansas" title="Marion, Arkansas">Marion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_County,_Arkansas" title="Crittenden County, Arkansas">Crittenden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>June 1954</td> <td>Being prosperous</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Isadore_Banks_eofA-518">[517]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Till, Emmett</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Money,_Mississippi" title="Money, Mississippi">Money</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/LeFlore_County,_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="LeFlore County, Mississippi">LeFlore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>August 28, 1955</td> <td>Flirting with white woman</td> <td>Beaten and mutilated before shooting him in the head and sinking his body in the <a href="/wiki/Tallahatchie_River" title="Tallahatchie River">Tallahatchie River</a>. Perpetrators acquitted by all-white jury, then openly admitted they did it. Historical markers shot and defaced 2006–2018.<a href="#cite_note-519">[518]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Mack_Charles_Parker" title="Lynching of Mack Charles Parker">Parker, Mack Charles</a></td> <td>22</td> <td>African American</td> <td>Bridge over Pearl River between Mississippi and Louisiana</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_County,_Mississippi" title="Pearl River County, Mississippi">Pearl River</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>April 24, 1959</td> <td>Rape and kidnapping of a white woman; charges possibly fabricated.</td> <td>No one indicted. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">Chaney, James</a></td> <td>21</td> <td>African American</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Mississippi" title="Philadelphia, Mississippi">Philadelphia</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi" title="Neshoba County, Mississippi">Neshoba</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td rowspan="3">June 21, 1964</td> <td rowspan="3">Civil rights worker</td> <td rowspan="3">A federal jury in 1967 convicted the sheriff and six others of conspiracy to violate civil rights; they received minor punishment. A state jury in 2005 found the Ku Klux Klan organizer, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Ray_Killen" title="Edgar Ray Killen">Edgar Ray Killen</a>, guilty of three counts of <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a>; he died in prison. National outrage contributed to passage of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Goodman, Andrew</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>White </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Schwerner, Michael</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>White </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lemuel_Penn" title="Murder of Lemuel Penn">Penn, Lemuel Augustus</a></td> <td>48</td> <td>African American</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Georgia" title="Madison County, Georgia">Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>July 11, 1964</td> <td></td> <td>Shot by members of the Ku Klux Klan<a href="#cite_note-520">[519]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Frank_Morris" title="Murder of Frank Morris">Morris, Frank</a></td> <td>50</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferriday,_Louisiana" title="Ferriday, Louisiana">Ferriday</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Concordia Parish, Louisiana">Concordia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td>December 14, 1964</td> <td>"Flirting" with white females</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FBI-521">[520]</a>: 152  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Winfred_Rembert" title="Winfred Rembert">Rembert, Winifred</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert,_Georgia" title="Cuthbert, Georgia">Cuthbert</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Georgia" title="Randolph County, Georgia">Randolph</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td>Fighting with deputy while in jail for stealing car to get away from two men shooting at him.</td> <td>Survived. Rembert became a successful leatherwork artist and had at least two documentary films made about his story. He died in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-522">[521]</a><a href="#cite_note-523">[522]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[523]</a><a href="#cite_note-525">[524]</a><a href="#cite_note-526">[525]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Livernois%E2%80%93Fenkell_riot" title="Livernois–Fenkell riot">Pyszko, Marian</a></td> <td>54</td> <td>Polish Jew</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>July 28, 1975</td> <td>None.</td> <td>Killed by a group of black youths with concrete block during riot. Four of his killers were charged with first-degree murder. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1976–1999">1976–1999</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1976–1999">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Betty_Gardner" title="Murder of Betty Gardner">Gardner, Betty</a></td> <td>33</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena_Island_(South_Carolina)" title="Saint Helena Island (South Carolina)">St. Helena Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_County,_South_Carolina" title="Beaufort County, South Carolina">Beaufort</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>April 12, 1978</td> <td>None (one of the perpetrators hated black people).</td> <td>Two white men (cousins John Arnold and John Plath) were convicted of Gardner's murder. Arnold and Plath were sentenced to death and executed via lethal injection in 1998. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">Higdon, Benny</a></td> <td>21</td> <td rowspan="3">White</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td rowspan="3">May 17, 1980</td> <td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="3">Killed by African American mob during the <a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">1980 Miami riots</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">Owens, Robert</a></td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">Barreca, Charles</a></td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Donald" title="Lynching of Michael Donald">Donald, Michael</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Mobile County, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>March 21, 1981</td> <td>None (Klan looked to kill a black man because accused killer of white policeman got mistrial).</td> <td>Three Klansmen (Henry Hays, James Knowles, and Benjamin Cox) were convicted of Donald's murder. Henry Hays was sentenced to death and executed in the electric chair in 1997. James Knowles and Benjamin Cox were sentenced to life in prison. A civil suit against the United Klans of America caused their bankruptcy. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willie_Turks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willie Turks (page does not exist)">Turks, Willie</a></td> <td>34</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay,_Brooklyn" title="Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn">Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>June 22, 1982</td> <td>Drove through a majority-white neighborhood between his subway maintenance shifts.</td> <td>Turks and two other black subway employees were attacked by 15 to 20 assailants who shouted racial epithets. Gino Bova, 18 at the time, was sentenced to 5 to 15 years in prison for manslaughter. Justice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sybil_Hart_Kooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sybil Hart Kooper (page does not exist)">Sybil Hart Kooper</a> said at the sentencing: "There was a lynch mob on Avenue X that night. The only thing missing was a rope and a tree."<a href="#cite_note-527">[526]</a><a href="#cite_note-528">[527]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Vincent_Chin" title="Killing of Vincent Chin">Chin, Vincent Jen</a></td> <td>27</td> <td>Chinese American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>June 23, 1982</td> <td>Being Asian during a time when Japan was cutting into the profits of Detroit automakers.</td> <td>Two white men working for the Chrysler plant, supervisor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ebens" title="Ronald Ebens">Ronald Ebens</a> and his stepson Michael Nitz assaulted Chin outside of a McDonald's with a baseball bat following a brawl that took place at a <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">strip club</a>. A witness described them using anti-Asian racial slurs as they attacked him, ultimately beating him to death. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yusef_Hawkins" title="Murder of Yusef Hawkins">Hawkins, Yusef</a></td> <td>16</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York, Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>August 23, 1989</td> <td>Believed to be attending a party held by a white girl.</td> <td>Mob of 10 to 30, at least seven with baseball bats chased and beat Hawkins and friends. Hawkins was ultimately shot by Joseph Fama, who was convicted of second-degree murder in 1990. Keith Mondello, was acquitted on murder charges but convicted for 12 lesser offenses. Three other men were convicted of crimes while three were charged but not convicted.<a href="#cite_note-529">[528]</a><a href="#cite_note-530">[529]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights_riot#Yankel_Rosenbaum_killing" title="Crown Heights riot">Rosenbaum, Yankel</a></td> <td>29</td> <td>Australian Jew</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights, Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>August 19, 1991</td> <td>Being Jewish.</td> <td>Rosenbaum, a student from Australia, was stabbed to death by a mob as part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights_riot" title="Crown Heights riot">Crown Heights riot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-531">[530]</a> Both New York Senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Moynihan</a> and New York City Mayor <a href="/wiki/David_Dinkins" title="David Dinkins">David N. Dinkins</a> called the killing a lynching. Dinkins said: "I think that the death of Yankel Rosenbaum was a lynching, as was Yusuf Hawkins. No question. Whatever term one gives to these kinds of vicious murders, that's what it is."<a href="#cite_note-532">[531]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Wilson_(lynching_victim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Wilson (lynching victim) (page does not exist)">Wilson, Christopher</a></td> <td>32</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valrico,_Florida" title="Valrico, Florida">Valrico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_Florida" title="Hillsborough County, Florida">Hillsborough</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>January 1, 1993</td> <td>None.</td> <td>Three white men kidnapped Wilson and set him on fire.<a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Wilson-533">[532]</a> Wilson survived. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Byrd_Jr." title="Murder of James Byrd Jr.">Byrd Jr., James</a></td> <td>49</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Texas" title="Jasper, Texas">Jasper</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Texas" title="Jasper County, Texas">Jasper</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>June 7, 1998</td> <td>None (white supremacists).</td> <td>Dragged to death behind a car, until his head hit a culvert. Perpetrators convicted; two executed, one to life imprisonment. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/List of lynching victims in the United States">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Ethnicity</th> <th>City</th> <th>County/Parish</th> <th>State</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Accusation</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Craig_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Craig Anderson">James Craig Anderson</a></td> <td>47</td> <td>African American</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi">Hinds</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>June 26, 2011</td> <td>Grand theft auto (<a href="/wiki/Falsely_accused" class="mw-redirect" title="Falsely accused">falsely accused</a>, James owned the car)</td> <td>Beaten, run over with a truck. Driver convicted of <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>, ten convicted of <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crimes</a>. Main perpetrator sentenced to life in prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmaud_Arbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>African American</td> <td>Satilla Shores</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glynn_County,_Georgia" title="Glynn County, Georgia">Glynn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td>February 23, 2020</td> <td>Burglary (<a href="/wiki/False_accusation" title="False accusation">falsely accused</a>)</td> <td>Chased down and shot. Perpetrators convicted of <a href="/wiki/Felony_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Felony murder">felony murder</a> and one with <a href="/wiki/Malice_murder" title="Malice murder">malice murder</a>. All perpetrators sentenced to life in prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasheem_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasheem Carter (page does not exist)">Rasheem Carter</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>African American </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Mississippi" title="Fayette, Mississippi">Fayette</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Missouri" title="Jefferson County, Missouri">Jefferson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>October 2, 2022 </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Reported being chased by white men in trucks to police, who refused to help. Body found scattered, decapitated with skull split in twain. Despite overwhelming evidence of murder, police did not attempt to investigate for perpetrator.<a href="#cite_note-534">[533]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States">Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Mass racial violence in the United States">Mass racial violence in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">Racism against African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Memorial_for_Peace_and_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Memorial for Peace and Justice">The National Memorial for Peace and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_the_enslaved_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of the enslaved in the United States">Treatment of the enslaved in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Briscoe was seized at the New Bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Magothy_River" title="Magothy River">Magothy River</a> while being transported from <a href="/wiki/Jacobsville,_Maryland" title="Jacobsville, Maryland">Jacobsville</a> to <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a>, and was hanged beside the road. The place was said to be "very lonely and far from any habitation."<a href="#cite_note-Del_Nunzio-71">[71]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>References</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAtlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal,_January_31,1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89053713/1922-01-31/ed-1/seq-2/#">"Man's charged body found at Bolinger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">Atlanta Tri-Weekly Journal</a>. 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Salem, Marion, Oregon: G. Putnam. August 30, 1922. pp. 1–8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2470-6779">2470-6779</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21019600">21019600</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Capital+Journal&rft.atitle=Negro+taken+by+mob+and+hanged&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1922-08-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21019600&rft.issn=2470-6779&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn90066132%2F1922-08-30%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Chicago_Whip,_July_15,1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86056950/1922-07-15/ed-1/seq-1/#">"Investigate Lynching"</a>. The Chicago Whip. Chicago, Cook County, Illinois: Whip Pub. Co. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Whip&rft.atitle=Investigate+Lynching&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1922-07-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15192974&rft.issn=2694-099X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86056950%2F1922-07-15%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Daily_Ardmoreite,_August_30,1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042303/1922-08-30/ed-1/seq-1/#">"Negro assaulter is found on tree limb"</a>. The Daily Ardmoreite. Ardmore, Carter, Oklahoma: John F. Easley. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Ardmoreite&rft.atitle=Negro+assaulter+is+found+on+tree+limb&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1922-08-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12101538&rft.issn=1065-7894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85042303%2F1922-08-30%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Dallas_Express,_October_7,1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025779/1922-10-07/ed-1/seq-1/#">"One slain; scores attacked in racial disorders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Express" title="Dallas Express">Dallas Express</a>. Dallas, Dallas, Houston, Harris, Texas: W.E. King. October 7, 1922. pp. 1–8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2331-334X">2331-334X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9839625">9839625</a>. Retrieved March 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Express&rft.atitle=One+slain%3B+scores+attacked+in+racial+disorders&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1922-10-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9839625&rft.issn=2331-334X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83025779%2F1922-10-07%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEast_Mississippi_Times,_March_24,1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87065609/1922-03-24/ed-1/seq-4/#">"A negro named Jerry Ingram was lynched"</a>. East Mississippi Times. Starkville, Oktibbeha, Mississippi: Wm. Ward. March 24, 1922. pp. 1–8. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16396509">16396509</a>. 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July 7, 1922. pp. 1–26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2331-9968">2331-9968</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2260929">2260929</a>. 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September 3, 1922. pp. 1–62. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2331-9968">2331-9968</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2260929">2260929</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Star&rft.atitle=Georgia+lynching+%22orderly+conducted%22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=1922-09-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2260929&rft.issn=2331-9968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83045462%2F1922-09-03%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Falls_Tribune,_March_20,1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045217/1922-03-20/ed-1/seq-3/#">"Body chained to log found afloat in River"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_Tribune" title="Great Falls Tribune">Great Falls Tribune</a>. 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href="/wiki/Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lynching_in_the_United_States98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of lynching victims in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Before 1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Francis_McIntosh" title="Lynching of Francis McIntosh">Francis McIntosh</a> (1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Segovia" title="Josefa Segovia">Josefa Segovia</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Daniel" title="Pancho Daniel">Pancho Daniel</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_of_1863" title="Detroit race riot of 1863">Joshua Boyd</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Henry Plummer</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sketoe" title="Bill Sketoe">Bill Sketoe</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubfoot_George" title="Clubfoot George">Clubfoot George</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Outlaw" title="Wyatt Outlaw">Wyatt Outlaw</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stephens" title="John W. Stephens">John W. Stephens</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boyd_(county_solicitor)" title="Alexander Boyd (county solicitor)">Alexander Boyd</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Williams_(militia_leader)" title="Jim Williams (militia leader)">Jim Williams</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Jones" title="Lynching of David Jones">David Jones</a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jo_Reed" title="Lynching of Jo Reed">Jo Reed</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair_(minister)" title="Arthur St. Clair (minister)">Arthur St. Clair</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Green" title="Lynching of Michael Green">Michael Green</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Standing" title="Joseph Standing">Joseph Standing</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Nose_George" title="Big Nose George">Big Nose George Parrott</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thurber" title="Charles Thurber">Charles Thurber</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_massacre" title="Bisbee massacre">John Wesley Heath</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eliza_Woods" title="Lynching of Eliza Woods">Eliza Woods</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingo_Jack" title="Mingo Jack">Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Amos_Miller" title="Lynching of Amos Miller">Amos Miller</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Vermillion" title="Lynching of Joseph Vermillion">Joseph Vermillion</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Meadows" title="Lynching of George Meadows">George Meadows</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Watson" title="Ellen Watson">Ellen Watson</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Brown Washington</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_Taylor" title="Lynching of Jim Taylor">Jim Taylor</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman#Lynching_and_race" title="Benjamin Tillman">Dick Lundy</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Coe" title="Lynching of Joe Coe">Joe Coe</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(lynching_victim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lewis (lynching victim)">Robert Lewis</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ephraim_Grizzard" title="Lynching of Ephraim Grizzard">Ephraim Grizzard</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_J._Bush" title="Lynching of Samuel J. Bush">Samuel J. Bush</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark,_South_Carolina#History" title="Denmark, South Carolina">John Peterson</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Alfred_Blount" title="Lynching of Alfred Blount">Alfred Blount</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_(lynching_victim)" title="Henry Smith (lynching victim)">Henry Smith</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Richard_Puryear" title="Lynching of Richard Puryear">Richard Puryear</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Stephen_Williams" title="Lynching of Stephen Williams">Stephen Williams</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Springs,_Mississippi#Lynching" title="Rocky Springs, Mississippi">Amos Hicks</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland#Incorporation_and_disincorporation" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Jacob Henson</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Andrews" title="Lynching of William Andrews">William Andrews</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_H._McCoy" title="Lynching of Joseph H. McCoy">Joseph H. McCoy</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Alabama#History" title="LaFayette, Alabama">John Anderson</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Henry_James" title="Lynching of John Henry James">John Henry James</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_F._W._Stewart" title="Lynching of F. W. Stewart">F. W. Stewart</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Sam_Hose" title="Lynching of Sam Hose">Sam Hose</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_Thomas" title="Lynching of Benjamin Thomas">Benjamin Thomas</a> (1899)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rochelle" title="Fred Rochelle">Fred Rochelle</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ballie_Crutchfield" title="Lynching of Ballie Crutchfield">Ballie Crutchfield</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Ward" title="Lynching of George Ward">George Ward</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#Twentieth_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Walker Davis</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville_race_riot" title="Danville race riot">J. D. Mayfield</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_White" title="Lynching of George White"> George White</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Wyatt" title="Lynching of David Wyatt">David Wyatt</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Marie_Thompson" title="Lynching of Marie Thompson">Marie Thompson</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paul_Reed_and_Will_Cato" title="Lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato">Paul Reed and Will Cato</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_Alabama#Lynching_of_Bunk_Richardson" title="Gadsden, Alabama">Bunk Richardson</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ed_Johnson" title="Lynching of Ed Johnson">Ed Johnson</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyah,_Texas#History" title="Toyah, Texas">Slab Pitts</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Burns" title="Lynching of William Burns">William Burns</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Earnest_Williams" title="Lynching of Earnest Williams">Earnest Williams</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Miller_(outlaw)" title="Jim Miller (outlaw)">Jim Miller</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">James Hodges</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Matthew Chase</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">"Mose" Creole</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">"Pie" Hill</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_%22Froggie%22_James" class="mw-redirect" title="William "Froggie" James">William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Alabama#1910_lynching" title="Centreville, Alabama">Grant Richardson</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_King_Johnson" title="Lynching of King Johnson">King Johnson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Name unknown (TX)</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Laura and L. D. Nelson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livermore,_Kentucky#Opera_house_lynching" title="Livermore, Kentucky">Will Porter</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Zachariah_Walker" title="Lynching of Zachariah Walker">Zachariah Walker</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Mary Jackson</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_racial_conflict_in_Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="1912 racial conflict in Forsyth County, Georgia">Rob Edwards</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">George Saunders</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Robert Perry</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">? Anderson</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Charles Fisher</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Evans" title="Lynching of John Evans">John Evans</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Leo Frank</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi#History" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Name unknown (MS)</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington" title="Lynching of Jesse Washington">Jesse Washington</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Anthony_Crawford" title="Lynching of Anthony Crawford">Anthony Crawford</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi#History" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Jeff Brown</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paulo_Boleta" title="Lynching of Paulo Boleta">Paulo Boleta</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(unionist)" title="Frank Little (unionist)">Frank Little</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Charles Jones</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ell_Persons" title="Lynching of Ell Persons">Ell Persons</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Prager" title="Robert Prager">Robert Prager</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings" title="May 1918 lynchings">Mary Turner and her unborn baby</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings" title="May 1918 lynchings">Hazel "Hayes" Turner</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Taylor" title="Lynching of George Taylor">George Taylor</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McIlherron" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim McIlherron">Jim McIlherron</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Olli_Kinkkonen" title="Lynching of Olli Kinkkonen">Olli Kinkkonen</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Wallace Baynes</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Will Brown</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Everest" title="Wesley Everest">Wesley Everest</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hartfield" title="John Hartfield">John Hartfield</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jay_Lynch" title="Lynching of Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Washington" title="Berry Washington">Berry Washington</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Alabama_coal_strike#Willie_Baird" title="1920 Alabama coal strike">Willie Baird</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Belton" title="Roy Belton">Roy Belton</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rowland" title="Dick Rowland">Dick Rowland (attempted)</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Lowry" title="Lynching of Henry Lowry">Henry Lowry</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_Harvey_and_Joe_Jordan" title="Lynching of James Harvey and Joe Jordan">James Harvey and Joe Jordan</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pullen" title="Joe Pullen">Joe Pullen</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Smith" title="Lynching of Samuel Smith">Samuel Smith</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_L._Q._Ivy" title="Lynching of L. Q. Ivy">L. Q. Ivy</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Byrd" title="Lynching of Raymond Byrd">Raymond Byrd</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(lynching_victim)" title="James Clark (lynching victim)">James Clark</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake,_Colorado#Fred_Selak" title="Grand Lake, Colorado">Fred N. Selak</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Tom_Payne" title="Lynching of Tom Payne">Tom Payne</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Carter" title="Lynching of John Carter">John Carter</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Dan_Anderson" title="Lynching of Dan Anderson">Dan Anderson</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Sherod" title="Lynching of Will Sherod">Will Sherod</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Bernice_Raspberry" title="Lynching of Bernice Raspberry">Bernice Raspberry</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Owen_Flemming" title="Lynching of Owen Flemming">Owen Flemming</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Upchurch" title="Lynching of Joseph Upchurch">Joseph Upchurch</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Smith" title="Lynching of Joe Smith">Joe Smith</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Albert_Williams" title="Lynching of Albert Williams">Albert Williams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Bradshaw" title="Lynching of Thomas Bradshaw">Thomas Bradshaw</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Winston_Pounds" title="Lynching of Winston Pounds">Winston Pounds</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Williams" title="Lynching of Thomas Williams">Thomas Williams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Choate" title="Lynching of Henry Choate">Henry Choate</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Leonard_Woods" title="Lynching of Leonard Woods">Leonard Woods</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondak,_Montana" title="Mondak, Montana">J. C. Collins</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Hughes" title="Lynching of George Hughes">George Hughes</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron_(activist)" title="James Cameron (activist)">James Cameron</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Gunn" title="Lynching of Raymond Gunn">Lynching of Raymond Gunn</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Williams_(laborer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Williams (laborer)">Matthew Williams</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shedrick_Thompson" title="Death of Shedrick Thompson">Shedrick Thompson</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Armwood" title="Lynching of George Armwood">George Armwood</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cordie_Cheek" title="Lynching of Cordie Cheek">Cordie Cheek</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Claude_Neal" title="Lynching of Claude Neal">Claude Neal</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Austin_Callaway" title="Lynching of Austin Callaway">Austin Callaway</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Williams" title="Elbert Williams">Elbert Williams</a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">After 1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hall" title="Felix Hall">Felix Hall</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kunze" title="Johannes Kunze">Johannes Kunze</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screws_v._United_States" title="Screws v. United States">Robert "Bobbie" Hall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_James_Howard" title="Lynching of Willie James Howard">Willie James Howard</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recy_Taylor" title="Recy Taylor">Recy Taylor</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cecil_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cecil Jones">John Cecil Jones</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_Earle" title="Lynching of Willie Earle">Willie Earle</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith_(activist)" title="Lamar Smith (activist)">Lamar Smith</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Lee" title="George W. Lee">George W. Lee</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Edward_Aaron" title="Judge Edward Aaron">Judge Edward Aaron</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Willie_Edwards" title="Murder of Willie Edwards">Willie Edwards</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Mack_Charles_Parker" title="Lynching of Mack Charles Parker">Mack Charles Parker</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Allen" title="Louis Allen">Louis Allen</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lemuel_Penn" title="Murder of Lemuel Penn">Lemuel Penn</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Frank_Morris" title="Murder of Frank Morris">Frank Morris</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reeb" title="James Reeb">James Reeb</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dahmer" title="Vernon Dahmer">Vernon Dahmer</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wharlest_Jackson" title="Murder of Wharlest Jackson">Wharlest Jackson</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Carol_Jenkins" title="Murder of Carol Jenkins">Carol Jenkins</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Henry_Marrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Henry Marrow">Henry Marrow</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livernois%E2%80%93Fenkell_riot" title="Livernois–Fenkell riot">Marian Pyszko</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Betty_Gardner" title="Murder of Betty Gardner">Betty Gardner</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">Arthur McDuffie</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Donald" title="Lynching of Michael Donald">Michael Donald</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yusef_Hawkins" title="Murder of Yusef Hawkins">Yusef Hawkins</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Byrd_Jr." title="Murder of James Byrd Jr.">James Byrd Jr.</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Craig Anderson</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multiple_victims98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multiple victims</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">Death of Joseph Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">Hyrum Smith</a>) (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_des_Cygnes_massacre" title="Marais des Cygnes massacre">Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_(1863)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit race riot (1863)">Detroit race riot (1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Signoret" title="Felix Signoret">? Lachenais and four others</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow, TN, massacre</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Plummer Gang</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis massacre</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Gallatin_County_race_riot" title="1866 Gallatin County race riot">Gallatin County, KY, race riot</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans massacre of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_Gang" title="Reno Gang">Reno Brothers Gang</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_massacre" title="Camilla massacre">Camilla, GA, massacre</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long and two half-brothers</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski, TN, riot</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Bierfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Samuel Bierfield">Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelousas_massacre" title="Opelousas massacre">Opelousas, LA, massacre</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_River_City,_Wyoming#Bear_River_City_Riot_of_November_19,_1868" title="Bear River City, Wyoming">Bear River City riot</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_massacre_of_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese massacre of 1871">Chinese massacre of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian, MS, race riot</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax, LA, massacre</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Election riot of 1874</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Moya" title="Juan Moya">Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_and_Mollie_French" title="Lynching of Benjamin and Mollie French">Benjamin and Mollie French</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellenton_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellenton riot">Ellenton, SC, riot</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg, SC, massacre</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thibodaux_massacre" title="Thibodaux massacre">Thibodeax, LA, massacre</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrell_Brothers" title="Horrell Brothers">Mart and Tom Horrell</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California##Triple_Masonic_lynching_of_1879" title="Willits, California">Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14,_1891,_lynchings" class="mw-redirect" title="March 14, 1891, lynchings">New Orleans 1891 lynchings</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Ruggles_brothers" title="Lynching of the Ruggles brothers">Ruggles Brothers (CA)</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Grocery_lynchings" title="People's Grocery lynchings">Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Porter and Spencer (MS)</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_election_riot" title="Phoenix election riot">Phoenix, SC, election riot</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington, NC, insurrection</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Julia_and_Frazier_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Julia and Frazier Baker">Julia and Frazier Baker</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_riot" title="Pana riot">Pana, IL, riot</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Watkinsville lynching</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Atlanta_race_massacre" title="1906 Atlanta race massacre">1906 Atlanta race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_County,_Mississippi#History" title="Kemper County, Mississippi">Kemper County, MS</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Walker_family" title="Lynching of the Walker family">Walker family</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908" title="Springfield race riot of 1908">Springfield race riot of 1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slocum,_Texas" title="Slocum, Texas">Slocum, TX, massacre</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Laura and L.D. Nelson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Georgia#History" title="Harris County, Georgia">Harris County, GA, lynchings</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Newberry, FL, lynchings</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="East St. Louis riots">East St. Louis, IL, riots</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Georgia" title="Brooks County, Georgia">Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia,_riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919">Jenkins County, GA, riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview_race_riot" title="Longview race riot">Longview, TX, race riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine race riot">Elaine, AR, race riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Omaha race riot of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_riot_of_1919" title="Knoxville riot of 1919">Knoxville riot of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_lynchings" title="Duluth lynchings">Duluth, MN, lynchings</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocoee_massacre" title="Ocoee massacre">Ocoee, FL, massacre</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry race riot">Perry, FL, race riot</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_massacre" title="Rosewood massacre">Rosewood, FL, massacre</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_and_Mark_Fox" title="Lynching of Jim and Mark Fox">Jim and Mark Fox</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_County,_Mississippi#History" title="Tate County, Mississippi">Tate County, MS</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Hart#Lynching_of_Thurmond_and_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooke Hart">Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Roosevelt_Townes_and_Robert_McDaniels" title="Lynching of Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels">Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_race_riot_of_1943" title="Beaumont race riot of 1943">Beaumont, TX, Race Riot</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Day_Short" title="O'Day Short">O'Day Short, wife, and two children</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harriette_Moore" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette Moore</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anniston,_Alabama#The_Civil_Rights_era" title="Anniston, Alabama">Anniston, AL</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">Freedom Summer Murders</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a>) (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Cold_Case" title="Mississippi Cold Case">Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore</a> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">Indiana White Caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_American_Jews" title="Lynching of American Jews">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-lynching_movement" title="Anti-lynching movement">Anti-lynching movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti-lynching_activists" title="Category:American anti-lynching activists">American anti-lynching activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Crusade_Against_Lynching" title="American Crusade Against Lynching">American Crusade Against Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Daniel_Ames" title="Jessie Daniel Ames">Jessie Daniel Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_C._Ansorge" title="Martin C. Ansorge">Martin C. Ansorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southern_Women_for_the_Prevention_of_Lynching" title="Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching">Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Bailey" title="Flossie Bailey">Flossie Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Connell_Bradley" title="William O'Connell Bradley">William O'Connell Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Barksdale_Brown" title="Ella Barksdale Brown">Ella Barksdale Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Divine" title="Father Divine">Father Divine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flag_Salute" title="Flag Salute">Flag Salute</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">N.A.A.C.P.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_on_Lynching" title="National Conference on Lynching">National Conference on Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strange_Fruit" title="Strange Fruit">Strange Fruit</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Legislation11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Anti-Lynching_Bill" title="Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill">Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Costigan#Costigan–Wagner_Bill" title="Edward P. Costigan">Costigan-Wagner Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Unsolved_Civil_Rights_Crime_Act" title="Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act">Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenders of lynching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo" title="Theodore G. Bilbo">Theodore G. Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_L._Blease" title="Cole L. Blease">Cole L. Blease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_S._Carr" title="Julian S. Carr">Julian S. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Johnston_Catts" title="Sidney Johnston Catts">Sidney Johnston Catts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dixon_Jr." title="Thomas Dixon Jr.">Thomas Dixon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Rebecca Latimer Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Temple_Graves" title="John Temple Graves">John Temple Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trotwood_Moore" title="John Trotwood Moore">John Trotwood Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Morgan" title="John T. Morgan">John T. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rolph" title="James Rolph">James Rolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodloe_Sutton" title="Goodloe Sutton">Goodloe Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Benjamin Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Vardaman" title="James K. Vardaman">James K. Vardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Thomas E. Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Black_Holocaust_Museum" title="America's Black Holocaust Museum">America's Black Holocaust Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legacy_Museum" title="The Legacy Museum">The Legacy Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_for_Peace_and_Justice" title="National Memorial for Peace and Justice">National Memorial for Peace and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allen_(collector)" title="James Allen (collector)">James Allen (collector)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_you_are_lynching_Negroes" title="And you are lynching Negroes">And you are lynching Negroes</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_John_Shillady" title="Attack on John Shillady">Attack on John Shillady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clansman:_A_Historical_Romance_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan" title="The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan">The Clansman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_in_police_custody_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Deaths in police custody in the United States">Deaths in police custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(1936_film)" title="Fury (1936 film)">Fury (1936 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_%27Em_High" title="Hang 'Em High">Hang 'Em High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_postcard" title="Lynching postcard">Lynching postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Burning" title="Mississippi Burning">Mississippi Burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Cold_Case" title="Mississippi Cold Case">Mississippi Cold Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson">Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ox-Bow_Incident" title="The Ox-Bow Incident">The Ox-Bow Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(musical)" title="Parade (musical)">Parade (musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsboro_Boys" title="Scottsboro Boys">Scottsboro Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain#Confederate_Memorial_Carving" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_in_Mississippi" title="Summer in Mississippi">Summer in Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundown_town" title="Sundown town">Sundown town</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sundown_towns_in_the_United_States" title="List of sundown towns in the United States">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/They_Won%27t_Forget" title="They Won't Forget">They Won't Forget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_of_Lyncherdom" title="The United States of Lyncherdom">"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Shipp" title="United States v. Shipp">United States v. Shipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendetta_(1999_film)" title="Vendetta (1999 film)">Vendetta (1999 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_massacre" title="Wilmington massacre">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_deaths_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Category:Lynching deaths in the United States by state">Lynching deaths in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tuskegee_umkc-1"><a href="#cite_ref-tuskegee_umkc_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100629081241/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingsstate.html">"Lynchings: By State and Race, 1882–1968"</a>. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingsstate.html">the original</a> on June 29, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2010. <q>Statistics provided by the Archives at Tuskegee Institute.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynchings%3A+By+State+and+Race%2C+1882%E2%80%931968&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri-Kansas+City+School+of+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fshipp%2Flynchingsstate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuskegeefigures-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Tuskegeefigures_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313030351/http://192.203.127.197/archive/bitstream/handle/123456789/511/Lyching%201882%201968.pdf">"Lynching, Whites and Negroes, 1882 – 1968"</a> (PDF). Tuskegee University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://192.203.127.197/archive/bitstream/handle/123456789/511/Lyching%201882%201968.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching%2C+Whites+and+Negroes%2C+1882+%E2%80%93+1968&rft.pub=Tuskegee+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F192.203.127.197%2Farchive%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F511%2FLyching%25201882%25201968.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=17000&LangID=E#sthash.ELhcCe7s.dpuf">"Statement to the media by the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, on the conclusion of its official visit to USA, January 19–29, 2016"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>. January 29, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603213449/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=17000&LangID=E#sthash.ELhcCe7s.dpuf">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+to+the+media+by+the+United+Nations%27+Working+Group+of+Experts+on+People+of+African+Descent%2C+on+the+conclusion+of+its+official+visit+to+USA%2C+January+19%E2%80%9329%2C+2016&rft.pub=Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2016-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FNewsEvents%2FPages%2FDisplayNews.aspx%3FNewsID%3D17000%26LangID%3DE%23sthash.ELhcCe7s.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2014" class="citation book cs1">Wells, Ida B. (2014). Southern Horrors (1892) in On Lynching. <a href="/wiki/Dover_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Dover Books">Dover Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486779997" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486779997"><bdi>978-0486779997</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Horrors+%281892%29+in+On+Lynching&rft.pub=Dover+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0486779997&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Ida+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_1944_page_561-5"><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_1944_page_561_5-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_American_Dilemma" title="An American Dilemma">An American Dilemma</a> (New York, 1944), page 561. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelucia2003" class="citation journal cs1">Delucia, Christine (2003). "Getting the Story Straight: Press Coverage of Italian-American Lynchings from 1856–1910". Italian Americana. 21 (2): 212–221. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29776894">29776894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Italian+Americana&rft.atitle=Getting+the+Story+Straight%3A+Press+Coverage+of+Italian-American+Lynchings+from+1856%E2%80%931910&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E212-%3C%2Fspan%3E221&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29776894%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Delucia&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakemore" class="citation web cs1">Blakemore, Erin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/the-grisly-story-of-americas-largest-lynching">"The Grisly Story of America's Largest Lynching"</a>. HISTORY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190105094205/https://www.history.com/news/the-grisly-story-of-americas-largest-lynching">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=The+Grisly+Story+of+America%27s+Largest+Lynching&rft.aulast=Blakemore&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-grisly-story-of-americas-largest-lynching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzales-Day,_Ken2006" class="citation book cs1">Gonzales-Day, Ken (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lynchinginwest1801gonz_2">Lynching in the West, 1850–1935</a>. 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April 3, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190105043030/http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/168669">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historynewsnetwork.org&rft.atitle=100+Years+Ago+this+Week%2C+During+WW+1%2C+a+German-American+Was+Lynched+%E2%80%93+History+News+Network&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F168669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/20848-deputy-sheriff-samuel-joseph-lewis">"Deputy Sheriff Daniel Josph Lewis"</a>. 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New York City: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199754076.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199754076.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975407-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975407-6"><bdi>978-0-19-975407-6</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+of+a+Different+Color%3A+Race+and+the+Mormon+Struggle+for+Whiteness&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199754076.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975407-6&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=W.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D95j4BQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UofU-38"><a href="#cite_ref-UofU_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibits.lib.utah.edu/s/utah-lynching/page/thomas-coleman">"The Life and Murder of Thomas Coleman"</a>. 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Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=A+push+for+remembrance+of+lynching+victims%2C+and+reconciliation+during+event+at+Harford+Community+College&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fmaryland%2Fharford%2Faegis%2Fph-ag-harford-lynching-memorial-0329-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.baltimoresun.com/maryland-lynchings/">"Lynchings in Maryland"</a>. 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Washington Post. 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Revealing lynching sites in North Carolina and South Carolina"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401202334/https://lynching.web.unc.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2021. 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Afterwards Taken to the Public Square and Hanged in Front of the Station House. The Hanging Witnesses by Immense Crowd of Excited Citizens. Efforts of the Mayor to Restore Quiet. Gov. Brown Makes an Appeal in Behalf of Law and Order"</a>. Nashville Union and American. March 26, 2018. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011644/https://www.newspapers.com/image/80864273/?terms=lynching">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2018. 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(April 22, 1882). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_lynching_of_Frank_McManus_in_Minneapolis,_Minnesota_LCCN2017645505.jpg">"The lynching of Frank McManus in Minneapolis, Minnesota"</a> – via Wikimedia Commons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+lynching+of+Frank+McManus+in+Minneapolis%2C+Minnesota&rft.date=1882-04-22&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=H.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AThe_lynching_of_Frank_McManus_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota_LCCN2017645505.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theclio.com/entry/88757">"The Ashland Tragedy, 1881"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ashland+Tragedy%2C+1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheclio.com%2Fentry%2F88757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1882" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (June 27, 1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022149/1882-06-27/ed-1/seq-1/">"The Cheyenne daily leader. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cowanauctions.com/auctions/upcoming">the original</a> on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cowanauctions.com&rft.atitle=Upcoming+Auctions+%26%23124%3B+Cowan%27s+Auction+House%3A+The+Midwest%27s+Most+Trusted+Auction+House+%2F+Antiques+%2F+Fine+Art+%2F+Art+Appraisals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cowanauctions.com%2Fauctions%2Fupcoming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/570">"Lynching of Augustine Agirer – 8 August 1882"</a>. lynchingintexas.org. 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April 3, 1883, Hastings, Nebraska.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2336+Fred+Ingraham+and+James+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_36.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SDU18830618.2.5&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"Murder and Lynching"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Union" title="The Sacramento Union">Sacramento Daily Union</a>. 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Retrieved May 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sacramento+Daily+Union&rft.atitle=Murder+and+Lynching&rft.date=1883-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSDU18830618.2.5%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SJWM18830621.2.65&srpos=2&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-%22incarnacion+garcia%22-------1">"Los Gatos Justice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury">San Jose Weekly Mercury</a>. 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Retrieved January 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=The+Lynching+in+Washington+Parish&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1884-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F28320792%2F%3Fterms%3D%252Blynchings%252B%2522st.%252Btammany%252Bfarmer%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013731/html/13731bio.html">"George Briscoe , MSA SC 3520-13731"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Briscoe+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13731&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013731%2Fhtml%2F13731bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_120-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_120-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitaledition.baltimoresun.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=81218d66-0352-4e81-92d7-21e0e0230f18">"At least 44 men in Maryland and thousands nationwide lost their lives to lynchings. Now activists are shining a light on the gruesome practice, hoping to start an honest and healing conversation"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184227/https://digitaledition.baltimoresun.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=81218d66-0352-4e81-92d7-21e0e0230f18">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=At+least+44+men+in+Maryland+and+thousands+nationwide+lost+their+lives+to+lynchings.+Now+activists+are+shining+a+light+on+the+gruesome+practice%2C+hoping+to+start+an+honest+and+healing+conversation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitaledition.baltimoresun.com%2Finfinity%2Farticle_share.aspx%3Fguid%3D81218d66-0352-4e81-92d7-21e0e0230f18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013732/html/13732bio.html">"Townsend Cook , MSA SC 3520-13732"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Townsend+Cook+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13732&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013732%2Fhtml%2F13732bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff, Lynching in Texas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/162">"Lynching of Lizzie Jackson – June 21, 1885"</a>. Lynching In Texas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lynching+In+Texas&rft.atitle=Lynching+of+Lizzie+Jackson+%E2%80%93+June+21%2C+1885&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=Lynching+in+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartley_James_and_John_Campbell-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Bartley_James_and_John_Campbell_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85034447/1885-07-17/ed-1/seq-1/">"Southern Gleanings"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnolia_Gazette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnolia Gazette (page does not exist)">Magnolia Gazette</a>. 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(Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, July 15, 1885, Image 2 « Pennsylvania Newspaper Archive"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Somerset+herald.+%28Somerset%2C+Pa.%29+1870-1936%2C+July+15%2C+1885%2C+Image+2+%C2%AB+Pennsylvania+Newspaper+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpanewsarchive.psu.edu%2Flccn%2Fsn84026409%2F1885-07-15%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013733/html/13733bio.html">"Howard Cooper , MSA SC 3520-13733"</a>. msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msa.maryland.gov&rft.atitle=Howard+Cooper+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13733&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013733%2Fhtml%2F13733bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdlynchingmemorial.org/howard-cooper-project">"Howard Cooper Project"</a>. Maryland Lynching Memorial Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316174651/https://www.mdlynchingmemorial.org/howard-cooper-project">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Lynching+Memorial+Project&rft.atitle=Howard+Cooper+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdlynchingmemorial.org%2Fhoward-cooper-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/ncpi/view/21871">https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/ncpi/view/21871</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lynching.web.unc.edu/the-people/the-chatham-county-lynchings/">"The Chatham County Lynchings – A Red Record"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chatham+County+Lynchings+%E2%80%93+A+Red+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flynching.web.unc.edu%2Fthe-people%2Fthe-chatham-county-lynchings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-confession-129"><a href="#cite_ref-confession_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"George Kearney". New York Herald. 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Retrieved December 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lynching+of+former+slave+memorialized+as+%27low+point%27+in+Eatontown+history&rft.date=2012-09-24&rft.aulast=Spahr&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fmonmouth%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F09%2Flynching_of_a_former_slave_memorialized_in_eatontown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalvetti2017" class="citation book cs1">Salvetti, Patrizia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/modlang/carasi/courses/0000000.SPRING.17.TEACHING/03.ITAL-AM.spring17/04.ITAM.COURSE.MATERIALS/ITAM.ARTICLES/SALVETTI.complete.pdf">Rope and Soap: Lynchings of Italians in the United States</a> (PDF). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Bordighera_Press" title="Bordighera Press">Bordighera Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59954-101-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59954-101-3"><bdi>978-1-59954-101-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184228/http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/modlang/carasi/courses/0000000.SPRING.17.TEACHING/03.ITAL-AM.spring17/04.ITAM.COURSE.MATERIALS/ITAM.ARTICLES/SALVETTI.complete.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rope+and+Soap%3A+Lynchings+of+Italians+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Bordighera+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-59954-101-3&rft.aulast=Salvetti&rft.aufirst=Patrizia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.brooklyn.cuny.edu%2Fmodlang%2Fcarasi%2Fcourses%2F0000000.SPRING.17.TEACHING%2F03.ITAL-AM.spring17%2F04.ITAM.COURSE.MATERIALS%2FITAM.ARTICLES%2FSALVETTI.complete.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013736/html/13736bio.html">"Charles Whitley , MSA SC 3520-13736"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Whitley+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013736%2Fhtml%2F13736bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutler1905" class="citation book cs1">Cutler, James Elbert (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_o3AQAAMAAJ">Lynch-law: An Investigation into the History of Lynching in the United States</a>. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 181–182. Retrieved June 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lynch-law%3A+An+Investigation+into+the+History+of+Lynching+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=James+Elbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_o3AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/28/opinion/sunday/ida-b-wells-lynching-black-women.html">"Ida B. Wells and the Lynching of Black Women"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. April 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195602/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/28/opinion/sunday/ida-b-wells-lynching-black-women.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2019. 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Newspapers.com. June 13, 1887. Retrieved October 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=Peter+Betters+lynching+%2813+June+1887%29&rft.date=1887-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fspringfield-news-sun-peter-betters-lynch%2F43630599%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-hicksville-news-peter-betters-lynchi/43631239/">"Peter Betters lynching (23 June 1887)"</a>. Newspapers.com. June 23, 1887. 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Retrieved May 15, 2018. <q>In 1888, Amos Miller, a black man accused of raping a white woman, was dragged from court in Franklin and hanged from the courthouse railings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Midnight+in+Tennessee+%E2%80%93+The+Untold+Story+of+the+First+Jewish+Lynching+in+America&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2Fthe-untold-story-of-the-first-jewish-lynching-in-america-1.5349605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wboc.com/story/39884607/magruder-fletcher-lynched-in-accomac-in-1889">"Shameful Past: Lynchings on Delmarva- Magruder Fletcher Lynched in Accomac in 1889"</a>. wboc.com. 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April 5, 1890. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184309/https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth466882/m1/6/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. 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Retrieved December 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lyngingintexas.org&rft.atitle=Lynching+of+Jesus+Salceda+%E2%80%93+February+4%2C+1891&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alachua-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alachua_155-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan2017" class="citation web cs1">Dan, Nicole (September 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wuft.org/news/2017/09/27/at-least-21-lynched-in-alachua-county-historical-commission-confirms/">"At Least 21 Lynched In Alachua County, Historical Commission Confirms"</a>. WUFT News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926215111/https://www.wuft.org/news/2017/09/27/at-least-21-lynched-in-alachua-county-historical-commission-confirms/">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WUFT+News&rft.atitle=At+Least+21+Lynched+In+Alachua+County%2C+Historical+Commission+Confirms&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.aulast=Dan&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wuft.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F09%2F27%2Fat-least-21-lynched-in-alachua-county-historical-commission-confirms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-democrat-kosciusko-messenger/163317242/">"Kosciusko Messenger"</a>. The Weekly Democrat. March 18, 1891. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250118124426/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-democrat-kosciusko-messenger/163317242/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2025. Retrieved January 18, 2025 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Weekly+Democrat&rft.atitle=Kosciusko+Messenger&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1891-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-weekly-democrat-kosciusko-messenger%2F163317242%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dailyamericanjudgelynch1891-157"><a href="#cite_ref-dailyamericanjudgelynch1891_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/119043720/?spot=15327329">"Judge Lynch Presided. Would-Be Murderer Strung Up at Franklin. His Most Atrocious Assault on an Officer Avenged. The Body Dangling by the Roadside on the Outskirts. He Also Shot a Circus Man, Who Was Brought to Nashville for Treatment—A Deserved Fate"</a>. The Daily American. Nashville, Tennessee. April 30, 1891. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514213602/https://www.newspapers.com/image/119043720/?spot=15327329">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+American&rft.atitle=Judge+Lynch+Presided.+Would-Be+Murderer+Strung+Up+at+Franklin.+His+Most+Atrocious+Assault+on+an+Officer+Avenged.+The+Body+Dangling+by+the+Roadside+on+the+Outskirts.+He+Also+Shot+a+Circus+Man%2C+Who+Was+Brought+to+Nashville+for+Treatment%E2%80%94A+Deserved+Fate.&rft.date=1891-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F119043720%2F%3Fspot%3D15327329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uj06AQAAMAAJ&q=30+Years+of+Lynching">30 Years of Lynching 1889–1918 p.91</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/ss:1508541">"Reproduction of a photograph of a lynching – Cornell University Library Digital Collections"</a>. digital.library.cornell.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.library.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=Reproduction+of+a+photograph+of+a+lynching+%E2%80%93+Cornell+University+Library+Digital+Collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.cornell.edu%2Fcatalog%2Fss%3A1508541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/nevada/reno/daily-nevada-state-journal/1891/09-19/page-3/">"Daily Nevada State Journal Newspaper Archives September 19, 1891 Page 3"</a>. newspaperarchive.com. September 19, 1891. Retrieved January 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=newspaperarchive.com&rft.atitle=Daily+Nevada+State+Journal+Newspaper+Archives+September+19%2C+1891+Page+3&rft.date=1891-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperarchive.com%2Fus%2Fnevada%2Freno%2Fdaily-nevada-state-journal%2F1891%2F09-19%2Fpage-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.renopd1978.com/stories/Hanging_of_Louis_Ortiz_1891.pdf">https://www.renopd1978.com/stories/Hanging_of_Louis_Ortiz_1891.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=tuo18920114-01.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN----------">"The Utica Observer 14 January 1892 — the NYS Historic Newspapers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Utica+Observer+14+January+1892+%E2%80%94+the+NYS+Historic+Newspapers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyshistoricnewspapers.org%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3Dtuo18920114-01.1.2%26e%3D-------en-20--1--txt-txIN----------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-coy-7035/">"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"</a>. Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arkansas&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arkansas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Fedward-coy-7035%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memphis-164"><a href="#cite_ref-Memphis_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2015" class="citation web cs1">Ball, Nathaniel C. (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.memphis.edu/benhooksinstitute/2015/09/30/memphis-and-the-lynching-at-the-curve/">"Memphis and the Lynching at the Curve"</a>. The Benjamin L. Hooks Institute for Social Change, University of Memphis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180518055117/https://blogs.memphis.edu/benhooksinstitute/2015/09/30/memphis-and-the-lynching-at-the-curve/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memphis+and+the+Lynching+at+the+Curve&rft.pub=The+Benjamin+L.+Hooks+Institute+for+Social+Change%2C+University+of+Memphis&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.memphis.edu%2Fbenhooksinstitute%2F2015%2F09%2F30%2Fmemphis-and-the-lynching-at-the-curve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/14237-deputy-sheriff-george-williams">"Deputy Sheriff George Williams"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Deputy+Sheriff+George+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F14237-deputy-sheriff-george-williams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1892" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (March 22, 1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90061066/1892-03-22/ed-1/seq-2/">"The Sedalia weekly bazoo. [volume] (Sedalia, Mo.) 187?–1904, March 22, 1892, Image 2"</a>. p. 2 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sedalia+weekly+bazoo.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Sedalia%2C+Mo.%29+187%3F%E2%80%931904%2C+March+22%2C+1892%2C+Image+2&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1892-03-22&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn90061066%2F1892-03-22%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-courierfinallysuccessful-167"><a href="#cite_ref-courierfinallysuccessful_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/356715342/?terms=%22ephraim%2Bgrizzard%22">"Finally Successful. An Attempt to Lynch Negroes At Nashville, Tenn., Successfully Resisted. The Government Takes Charge of the Jail Forces—One of the Lynchers Killed. Another Attempt Proves Successful, and the Negro Is Hanged. Crimes"</a>. The Courier. Waterloo, Iowa. May 2, 1892. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703204608/https://www.newspapers.com/image/356715342/?terms=%22ephraim%2Bgrizzard%22">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier&rft.atitle=Finally+Successful.+An+Attempt+to+Lynch+Negroes+At+Nashville%2C+Tenn.%2C+Successfully+Resisted.+The+Government+Takes+Charge+of+the+Jail+Forces%E2%80%94One+of+the+Lynchers+Killed.+Another+Attempt+Proves+Successful%2C+and+the+Negro+Is+Hanged.+Crimes.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1892-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F356715342%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522ephraim%252Bgrizzard%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/19304-city-marshal-james-carter">"City Marshal James Carter"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP). Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=City+Marshal+James+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F19304-city-marshal-james-carter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77913309/triple-lynching-habersham-1892/">"Triple Lynching Habersham 1892"</a>. The Atlanta Constitution. May 18, 1892. p. 1. 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Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msa.maryland.gov&rft.atitle=James+Taylor+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13740&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013740%2Fhtml%2F13740bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1892" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 21, 1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085350/1892-05-21/ed-1/seq-1/">"Olympia tribune. [volume] (Olympia, Wash.) 1890–1893, May 21, 1892, Image 1"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympia+tribune.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Olympia%2C+Wash.%29+1890%E2%80%931893%2C+May+21%2C+1892%2C+Image+1&rft.date=1892-05-21&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn88085350%2F1892-05-21%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/19610-deputy-sheriff-tom-holmes">"Deputy Sheriff Tom Holmes"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Deputy+Sheriff+Tom+Holmes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F19610-deputy-sheriff-tom-holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6183379/port-jervis-lynching-racial-violence/">"A Lynching in New York 130 Years Ago Shows That the North Isn't Immune to Racial Hatred"</a>. June 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Lynching+in+New+York+130+Years+Ago+Shows+That+the+North+Isn%27t+Immune+to+Racial+Hatred&rft.date=2022-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6183379%2Fport-jervis-lynching-racial-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88061072/1892-06-27/ed-1/seq-1/">"MURDERER LYNCHED. Wm. Bates swung up at Shelbyville by a mob"</a>. Daily Tobacco Leaf-Chronicle. Clarksville, Tennessee. June 27, 1892. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421013747/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88061072/1892-06-27/ed-1/seq-1/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021 – via Library of Congress:Chronicling America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Tobacco+Leaf-Chronicle&rft.atitle=MURDERER+LYNCHED.+Wm.+Bates+swung+up+at+Shelbyville+by+a+mob.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1892-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn88061072%2F1892-06-27%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-dispatch-william-shorter-fred/132567137/">"William Shorter - Frederick - 1893"</a>. Richmond Dispatch. June 14, 1893. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Dispatch&rft.atitle=William+Shorter+-+Frederick+-+1893&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1893-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Frichmond-dispatch-william-shorter-fred%2F132567137%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-william-shorter/132567412/">"William Shorter - Frederick - 1893"</a>. Richmond Times-Dispatch. June 14, 1893. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Times-Dispatch&rft.atitle=William+Shorter+-+Frederick+-+1893&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1893-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Frichmond-times-dispatch-william-shorter%2F132567412%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fp_Ubb1lJVcC&q=C.%20J.%20Miller">The Red Record Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States by Ida B. Wells</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLast2015" class="citation web cs1">Last, Anne M. (September 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com/2015/09/january-12-1894-charles-willis.html">"Strange Fruit and Spanish Moss: January 12, 1894: Charles Willis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206192520/http://strangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com/2015/09/january-12-1894-charles-willis.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strange+Fruit+and+Spanish+Moss%3A+January+12%2C+1894%3A+Charles+Willis&rft.date=2015-09-19&rft.aulast=Last&rft.aufirst=Anne+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstrangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F09%2Fjanuary-12-1894-charles-willis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12072767/harrisburg_dailey_independent">"Lynching of a Negro Murderer"</a>. Harrisburg Daily Independent. March 15, 1894. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145619/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12072767/harrisburg_dailey_independent/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harrisburg+Daily+Independent&rft.atitle=Lynching+of+a+Negro+Murderer&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1894-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F12072767%2Fharrisburg_dailey_independent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013743/html/13743bio.html">"Jacob Henson , MSA SC 3520-13743"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacob+Henson+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13743&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013743%2Fhtml%2F13743bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=214iAAAAIBAJ&pg=1842%2C2522418">"Negro Lynchned – Murder of a White Woman in Missouri Swung from a Bridge"</a>. Evening Argus (<a href="/wiki/Owosso,_Michigan" title="Owosso, Michigan">Owosso, Michigan</a>). August 16, 1895. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309005230/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=214iAAAAIBAJ&pg=1842%2C2522418">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Argus+%28Owosso%2C+Michigan%29&rft.atitle=Negro+Lynchned+%E2%80%93+Murder+of+a+White+Woman+in+Missouri+Swung+from+a+Bridge&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1895-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D214iAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1842%252C2522418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Argus18950905-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Argus18950905_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Argus18950905_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn84020751/1895-09-05/ed-1/seq-1/">"A Negro Lynched"</a>. Goldsboro Weekly Argus. Goldsboro, N.C. September 5, 1895. Retrieved December 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Goldsboro+Weekly+Argus&rft.atitle=A+Negro+Lynched&rft.date=1895-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.digitalnc.org%2Flccn%2Fsn84020751%2F1895-09-05%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suiato-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Suiato_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/348">"Lynching of Floantina Suiato – October 12, 1895"</a>. lynchingintexas.org. Retrieved December 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lynchingintexas.org&rft.atitle=Lynching+of+Floantina+Suiato+%E2%80%93+October+12%2C+1895&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85040614/1895-11-21/ed-1/seq-8/#date1=1890&index=0&rows=20&words=Hillard+lynching&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1900&proxtext=Hillard+Lynched&y=14&x=8&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1">Eagle River Review November 21, 1895 (Library of Congress)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/related/?fi=subject&q=Hilliard%2C%20Robert%20Henson--Death%20%26%20burial--Texas--Tyler.">"Hilliard, Robert Henson—Death & burial—Texas—Tyler." (Library of Congress)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aureliano-186"><a href="#cite_ref-Aureliano_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/930">"Lynching of Aureliano Castellán – January 26, 1896"</a>. lyngingintexas.org. Retrieved December 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lyngingintexas.org&rft.atitle=Lynching+of+Aureliano+Castell%C3%A1n+%E2%80%93+January+26%2C+1896&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wichitacountyhistoricalcommission.org/bank-robbery-of-1896.html">"Bank Robbery of 1896"</a>. Wichita County Historical Commission. Retrieved June 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wichita+County+Historical+Commission&rft.atitle=Bank+Robbery+of+1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wichitacountyhistoricalcommission.org%2Fbank-robbery-of-1896.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lynchingintexas.org/items/show/361">"Lynching of "The Kid" Lewis - February 26, 1896"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+of+%22The+Kid%22+Lewis+-+February+26%2C+1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/017900/017901/html/17901bio.html">"Joseph Cocking, MSA SC 3520-17901"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+Cocking%2C+MSA+SC+3520-17901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F017900%2F017901%2Fhtml%2F17901bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/07/05/issue.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=ArticleEndCTA&region=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article">"Lynched a Suspected Negro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. July 5, 1896. p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224205846/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/07/05/issue.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=ArticleEndCTA&region=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lynched+a+Suspected+Negro&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1896-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1896%2F07%2F05%2Fissue.html%3Faction%3Dclick%26contentCollection%3DArchives%26module%3DArticleEndCTA%26region%3DArchiveBody%26pgtype%3Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mocolmp.org/victims-of-racial-terror">"Lynching Victims"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+Victims&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mocolmp.org%2Fvictims-of-racial-terror&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lorenzo-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzo_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46242615/three-ialians-lynched-in-louisiana/">"Three Italians lynched in Louisiana"</a>. The Journal and Tribune. August 10, 1896. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627103044/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46242615/three-ialians-lynched-in-louisiana/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Three+Italians+lynched+in+Louisiana&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1896-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F46242615%2Fthree-ialians-lynched-in-louisiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-alfreddaniels/7558399/">"Alfred.Daniels.1896"</a>. The Atlanta Constitution. November 27, 1896. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Alfred.Daniels.1896&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1896-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-atlanta-constitution-alfreddaniels%2F7558399%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/marietta-daily-leader-alfreddaniels189/7558417/">"Alfred.Daniels.1896-2"</a>. Marietta Daily Leader. November 28, 1896. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marietta+Daily+Leader&rft.atitle=Alfred.Daniels.1896-2&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1896-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fmarietta-daily-leader-alfreddaniels189%2F7558417%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_61.html">"#61 Charles Mitchell"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Charles Mitchell, his body hanging from a tree in a courthouse yard.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2361+Charles+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_61.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/25240-constable-james-murray">"Constable James Murray"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Constable+James+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F25240-constable-james-murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/james-murray-7854/">"James Murray (Murder of)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Murray+%28Murder+of%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Fjames-murray-7854%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013747/html/13747bio.html">"Garfield King , MSA SC 3520-13747"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Garfield+King+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13747&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013747%2Fhtml%2F13747bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com/2014/10/october-23-1898-john-anderson.html">"Strange Fruit and Spanish Moss: October 23, 1898: John Anderson"</a>. October 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strange+Fruit+and+Spanish+Moss%3A+October+23%2C+1898%3A+John+Anderson&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstrangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F10%2Foctober-23-1898-john-anderson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013748/html/13748bio.html">"Wright Smith , MSA SC 3520-13748"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wright+Smith+%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13748&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013748%2Fhtml%2F13748bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76621703/lacon-lynchingchicago-daily-tribune/">"Miners Hang a Negro at Lacon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. November 8, 1898. Retrieved January 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Miners+Hang+a+Negro+at+Lacon&rft.date=1898-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F76621703%2Flacon-lynchingchicago-daily-tribune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCEncyclopedia-202"><a href="#cite_ref-SCEncyclopedia_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2016" class="citation web cs1">Jennings, Matthew H. (October 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/phoenix-riot/">"Phoenix Riot"</a>. South Carolina Encyclopedia. <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a>. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Carolina+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Phoenix+Riot&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Matthew+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scencyclopedia.org%2Fsce%2Fentries%2Fphoenix-riot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiFatta-203"><a href="#cite_ref-DiFatta_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Act of Unusual Atrocity". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. August 9, 1899. p. 2. <q>Italian authorities regard lynchings as very serious</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Post-Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Act+of+Unusual+Atrocity&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1899-08-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_38.html">"#38 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>African American male standing on buggy, facing camera, stripped, deep lacerations and wounds, his handcuffed hands placed to cover his genitals. lynch mob. Circa 1900, location unknown.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2338+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_38.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1899" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (July 28, 1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84029671/1899-07-28/ed-1/seq-2/">"The Kinsley graphic. [volume] (Kinsley, Kan.) 1890–1940, July 28, 1899, Image 2"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kinsley+graphic.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Kinsley%2C+Kan.%29+1890%E2%80%931940%2C+July+28%2C+1899%2C+Image+2&rft.date=1899-07-28&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84029671%2F1899-07-28%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/cultural-history/in-memoriam-2021-benjamin-thomas-august-8-1899">"In Memoriam 2021: Benjamin Thomas August 8, 1899"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam+2021%3A+Benjamin+Thomas+August+8%2C+1899&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexandriava.gov%2Fcultural-history%2Fin-memoriam-2021-benjamin-thomas-august-8-1899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sitnews.us/Kiffer/LituyaLynching/092611_lynching.html">"SitNews: THE LITUYA BAY LYNCHING OF 1899 by DAVE KIFFER"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SitNews%3A+THE+LITUYA+BAY+LYNCHING+OF+1899+by+DAVE+KIFFER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sitnews.us%2FKiffer%2FLituyaLynching%2F092611_lynching.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adn.com/alaska-life/2023/08/06/an-alaskan-murder-and-hanging-the-lituya-bay-incident-that-inspired-jack-london/">"An Alaska murder and hanging: The Lituya Bay incident that inspired Jack London"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Alaska+murder+and+hanging%3A+The+Lituya+Bay+incident+that+inspired+Jack+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adn.com%2Falaska-life%2F2023%2F08%2F06%2Fan-alaskan-murder-and-hanging-the-lituya-bay-incident-that-inspired-jack-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lynch-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lynch_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lynch_209-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lynch_209-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Chronological_1900" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85034375/1901-01-05/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1901&index=12&rows=20&words=1900+CHRONOLOGY&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1901&proxtext=chronological+1900&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1">"Lynchings"</a>. Grenada Sentinel. January 5, 1901. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111232446/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85034375/1901-01-05/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1901&index=12&rows=20&words=1900+CHRONOLOGY&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1901&proxtext=chronological+1900&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grenada+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Lynchings&rft.date=1901-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85034375%2F1901-01-05%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23date1%3D1901%26index%3D12%26rows%3D20%26words%3D1900%2BCHRONOLOGY%26searchType%3Dbasic%26sequence%3D0%26state%3D%26date2%3D1901%26proxtext%3Dchronological%2B1900%26y%3D0%26x%3D0%26dateFilterType%3DyearRange%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Hanging to a tree". Duluth News Tribune. January 17, 1900 – via GenalogyBank.com. <q>It is supposed [Anderson Gause] was lynched for aiding in the escape of the Gingerly brothers, colored, who recently murdered two officers near Ripley, Tenn.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Duluth+News+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hanging+to+a+tree.&rft.date=1900-01-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/17920-constable-w-d-turner">"Constable W. D. Turner"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Constable+W.+D.+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F17920-constable-w-d-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> [30 Years of Lynching 1889–1918 gives surnames as "Smith"] </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_05.html">"#5 George and Ed Silsbee"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The corpses of George and Ed Silsbee. January 20, 1900. Fort Scott, Kansas. A large group of spectators holding kerosene lamps, downed fence in foreground.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%235+George+and+Ed+Silsbee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/lynching-in-virginia/">Lynching In Virginia Encyclopedia Virginia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com/2015/05/may-11-1900-william-lee.html">"Strange Fruit and Spanish Moss: May 11, 1900: William Lee"</a>. May 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121620/http://strangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com/2015/05/may-11-1900-william-lee.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strange+Fruit+and+Spanish+Moss%3A+May+11%2C+1900%3A+William+Lee&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstrangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fmay-11-1900-william-lee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/springville-journal-springville-journal/21347348/">"Springville Journal (New York) 6/7/1900"</a>. Springville Journal. June 7, 1900. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springville+Journal&rft.atitle=Springville+Journal+%28New+York%29+6%2F7%2F1900&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1900-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fspringville-journal-springville-journal%2F21347348%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-pantagraph-mob-murder-of-dr/138672983/">"Murder and Mob. Girl at Gilman Died From a Criminal Operation—Two Killed and Two Fatally Wounded"</a>. The Weekly Pantagraph. August 31, 1900. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115220952/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-pantagraph-mob-murder-of-dr/138672983/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Weekly+Pantagraph&rft.atitle=Murder+and+Mob.+Girl+at+Gilman+Died+From+a+Criminal+Operation%E2%80%94Two+Killed+and+Two+Fatally+Wounded.&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1900-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-weekly-pantagraph-mob-murder-of-dr%2F138672983%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-pantagraph-dr-mrs-charlotte/138825395/">"Dr. Mrs. Charlotte Wright Is Dead"</a>. The Weekly Pantagraph. August 31, 1900. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115221237/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-pantagraph-dr-mrs-charlotte/138825395/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Weekly+Pantagraph&rft.atitle=Dr.+Mrs.+Charlotte+Wright+Is+Dead.&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1900-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-weekly-pantagraph-dr-mrs-charlotte%2F138825395%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/the-murder-of-12-year-old-louise-frost.htm">"The murder of 12-year-old Louise Frost"</a>. January 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210701000827/https://www.historynet.com/the-murder-of-12-year-old-louise-frost.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+murder+of+12-year-old+Louise+Frost&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fthe-murder-of-12-year-old-louise-frost.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovett2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lovett, Christopher C. (Summer 2010). "A Public Burning: Race, Sex, and the Lynching of Fred Alexander". Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains. 33: 94–115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kansas+History%3A+A+Journal+of+the+Central+Plains&rft.atitle=A+Public+Burning%3A+Race%2C+Sex%2C+and+the+Lynching+of+Fred+Alexander&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lovett&rft.aufirst=Christopher+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=LAH19010212.2.64&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"Los Angeles Herald February 12, 1901 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"</a>. cdnc.ucr.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184327/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=LAH19010212.2.64&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved July 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdnc.ucr.edu&rft.atitle=Los+Angeles+Herald+February+12%2C+1901+%E2%80%94+California+Digital+Newspaper+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DLAH19010212.2.64%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berryman-222"><a href="#cite_ref-Berryman_222-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/peter-berryman-8495/">"Peter Berryman (Lynching of)"</a>. Retrieved February 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Berryman+%28Lynching+of%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Fpeter-berryman-8495%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoznowski2009" class="citation book cs1">Roznowski, Tom (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LKKHkdXpD58C&pg=PA160">An American Hometown: Terre Haute, Indiana, 1927</a>. Bloomington, IN: Quarry Books. pp. 159–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22129-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22129-2"><bdi>978-0-253-22129-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+Hometown%3A+Terre+Haute%2C+Indiana%2C+1927&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E161&rft.pub=Quarry+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22129-2&rft.aulast=Roznowski&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLKKHkdXpD58C%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eji.org/issues/lynching-in-america-outside-the-south/">"Lynching in America: Outside the South"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505211705/https://eji.org/issues/lynching-in-america-outside-the-south/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+in+America%3A+Outside+the+South&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feji.org%2Fissues%2Flynching-in-america-outside-the-south%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19011101&id=jbMgAAAAIBAJ&pg=744,4765905&hl=en">"Negro Lynched in Kentucky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lewiston_Daily_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewiston Daily Sun">Lewiston Daily Sun</a>. November 1, 1901. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308223713/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19011101&id=jbMgAAAAIBAJ&pg=744,4765905&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lewiston+Daily+Sun&rft.atitle=Negro+Lynched+in+Kentucky&rft.date=1901-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1928%26dat%3D19011101%26id%3DjbMgAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D744%2C4765905%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn98060035/1902-01-20/ed-1/seq-4/">"Indian Lynched After Leaving Jail"</a>. Barre Evening Telegram. Barre, Vermont: The Barre Newspaper Co. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2376-8185">2376-8185</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/887947968">887947968</a>. Retrieved March 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barre+Evening+Telegram&rft.atitle=Indian+Lynched+After+Leaving+Jail&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F887947968&rft.issn=2376-8185&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn98060035%2F1902-01-20%2Fed-1%2Fseq-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsadvance.com/opinion/editorials/confronting-virginia-s-racial-history/article_326c71dc-a3df-11e3-bbd4-0017a43b2370.html">"Confronting Virginia's Racial History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News_%26_Advance" class="mw-redirect" title="News & Advance">News & Advance</a>. Editorial Board. March 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706034054/https://newsadvance.com/opinion/editorials/confronting-virginia-s-racial-history/article_326c71dc-a3df-11e3-bbd4-0017a43b2370.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+%26+Advance&rft.atitle=Confronting+Virginia%27s+Racial+History&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsadvance.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Fconfronting-virginia-s-racial-history%2Farticle_326c71dc-a3df-11e3-bbd4-0017a43b2370.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.lib.jmu.edu/valynchings/va1902040501/">"James Carter in Amherst"</a>. March 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Carter+in+Amherst&rft.date=2017-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.lib.jmu.edu%2Fvalynchings%2Fva1902040501%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1902" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (March 31, 1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86090947/1902-03-31/ed-1/seq-2/">"Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898–1920, March 31, 1902, Image 2"</a>. p. 2 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlanta+semi-weekly+journal.+%28Atlanta%2C+Ga.%29+1898%E2%80%931920%2C+March+31%2C+1902%2C+Image+2&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1902-03-31&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86090947%2F1902-03-31%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1902" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (April 16, 1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026853/1902-04-16/ed-1/seq-2/">"The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869–1924, April 16, 1902, Image 2"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Abbeville+press+and+banner.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Abbeville%2C+S.C.%29+1869%E2%80%931924%2C+April+16%2C+1902%2C+Image+2&rft.date=1902-04-16&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84026853%2F1902-04-16%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_54.html">"#54 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Four photographs of the lynching of an unidentified African American male in a coastal Georgia swamp. 1902.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2354+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_54.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1902" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (June 11, 1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89053684/1902-06-11/ed-1/seq-10/">"The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900–current, June 11, 1902, Image 10"</a>. p. 10 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Savannah+morning+news.+%28Savannah%2C+Ga.%29+1900%E2%80%93current%2C+June+11%2C+1902%2C+Image+10&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1902-06-11&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn89053684%2F1902-06-11%2Fed-1%2Fseq-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southernspaces.org/2012/lynching-and-local-history-review-troubled-ground/">"Lynching and Local History: A Review of Troubled Ground"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414200410/https://southernspaces.org/2012/lynching-and-local-history-review-troubled-ground/">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+and+Local+History%3A+A+Review+of+Troubled+Ground&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthernspaces.org%2F2012%2Flynching-and-local-history-review-troubled-ground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.lib.jmu.edu/valynchings/va1902073101/">"Charles Craven in Loudoun"</a>. March 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Craven+in+Loudoun&rft.date=2017-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.lib.jmu.edu%2Fvalynchings%2Fva1902073101%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.lib.jmu.edu/valynchings/va1902073101/">"Charles Craven in Loudoun"</a>. March 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Craven+in+Loudoun&rft.date=2017-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.lib.jmu.edu%2Fvalynchings%2Fva1902073101%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_48.html">"#48 Garfield Burley and Curtis Brown"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Garfield Burley and Curtis Brown. October 8, 1902, Newbern, Tennessee.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2348+Garfield+Burley+and+Curtis+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_48.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrigg2018" class="citation web cs1">Trigg, Lisa (May 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribstar.com/news/local_news/one-lynching-each-recorded-in-sullivan-vigo-histories/article_4433bdf3-3e5f-5ca5-ac80-64835d57340d.html">"One lynching each recorded in Sullivan, Vigo histories"</a>. Tribune-Star. Retrieved April 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribune-Star&rft.atitle=One+lynching+each+recorded+in+Sullivan%2C+Vigo+histories&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.aulast=Trigg&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribstar.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fone-lynching-each-recorded-in-sullivan-vigo-histories%2Farticle_4433bdf3-3e5f-5ca5-ac80-64835d57340d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024827/1903-04-29/ed-1/seq-1/">"Young Mexican Lynched for Stealing Cattle"</a>. Bisbee Daily Review. Bisbee, Arizona: W.B. Kelly. April 29, 1903. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2157-3255">2157-3255</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11363144">11363144</a>. Retrieved April 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bisbee+Daily+Review&rft.atitle=Young+Mexican+Lynched+for+Stealing+Cattle&rft.date=1903-04-29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11363144&rft.issn=2157-3255&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84024827%2F1903-04-29%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronological_1903-239"><a href="#cite_ref-Chronological_1903_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015387/1904-02-13/ed-1/seq-6.pdf">"Lynchings"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Tammany_Farmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Tammany Farmer (page does not exist)">St. Tammany Farmer</a> (Covington, Louisiana). February 13, 1904. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153251/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015387/1904-02-13/ed-1/seq-6.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Tammany+Farmer+%28Covington%2C+Louisiana%29&rft.atitle=Lynchings&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1904-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn82015387%2F1904-02-13%2Fed-1%2Fseq-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illinois_Mob_Lynches_Negro-240"><a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_Mob_Lynches_Negro_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94310547/">"Illinois Mob Lynches Negro"</a>. Bureau County Tribune. May 1, 1903. Retrieved February 5, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bureau+County+Tribune&rft.atitle=Illinois+Mob+Lynches+Negro&rft.date=1903-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F94310547%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/22531-constable-w-j-mooneyhan">"Constable W. J. Mooneyhan"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Constable+W.+J.+Mooneyhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F22531-constable-w-j-mooneyhan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1903" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 5, 1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1903-05-05/ed-1/seq-1/">"The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888–1919, May 05, 1903, Image 1"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+St.+Louis+Republic.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28St.+Louis%2C+Mo.%29+1888%E2%80%931919%2C+May+05%2C+1903%2C+Image+1&rft.date=1903-05-05&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84020274%2F1903-05-05%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1903" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 7, 1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1903-05-07/ed-1/seq-2/">"The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888–1919, May 07, 1903, Image 2"</a>. p. 2 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+St.+Louis+Republic.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28St.+Louis%2C+Mo.%29+1888%E2%80%931919%2C+May+07%2C+1903%2C+Image+2&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1903-05-07&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84020274%2F1903-05-07%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/604208825/">"White Man Lynched"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a>. May 20, 1903. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803070000/https://www.newspapers.com/image/604208825/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=White+Man+Lynched&rft.date=1903-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F604208825%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?...AIBAJ&sjid=ILQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6114,4088102&hl=en">"Google News Archive Search"</a>. news.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3F...AIBAJ%26sjid%3DILQDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6114%2C4088102%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_65.html">"#65 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Stripped African American male stretched on a tripod rack, raised with pulley, upper body bandaged, lower body wrapped with a blanket tied with rope, fingers curled involuntarily. Circa 1900, St. Louis, Missouri.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2365+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_65.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SFC19030623.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"San Francisco Call June 23, 1903 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184236/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SFC19030623.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco+Call+June+23%2C+1903+%E2%80%94+California+Digital+Newspaper+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSFC19030623.2.4%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/19256-deputy-sheriff-c-e-pierce">"Deputy Sheriff C. E. Pierce"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Deputy+Sheriff+C.+E.+Pierce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F19256-deputy-sheriff-c-e-pierce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1903" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (July 21, 1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85053327/1903-07-21/ed-1/seq-1/">"The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, July 21, 1903, Image 1"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kalispell+bee.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Kalispell%2C+Mont.%29+1900-192%3F%2C+July+21%2C+1903%2C+Image+1&rft.date=1903-07-21&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85053327%2F1903-07-21%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-James-250"><a href="#cite_ref-James_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeifer2004" class="citation book cs1">Pfeifer, Michael James (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zAGwb3G6soMC&q=Tangipahoa+parish">Rough Justice: Lynching and American Society, 1874–1947</a>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252029172" title="Special:BookSources/9780252029172"><bdi>9780252029172</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184235/https://books.google.com/books?id=zAGwb3G6soMC&q=Tangipahoa+parish">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+Justice%3A+Lynching+and+American+Society%2C+1874%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780252029172&rft.aulast=Pfeifer&rft.aufirst=Michael+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzAGwb3G6soMC%26q%3DTangipahoa%2Bparish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Old_World_Meets_the_New-251"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Old_World_Meets_the_New_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jhssc.org/suraskys-and-poliers-the-old-world-meets-the-new/">"Suraskys and Poliers: The Old World Meets the New"</a>. Jewish Historical Society of South Carolina. Retrieved May 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suraskys+and+Poliers%3A+The+Old+World+Meets+the+New&rft.pub=Jewish+Historical+Society+of+South+Carolina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjhssc.org%2Fsuraskys-and-poliers-the-old-world-meets-the-new%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/jan/13">"Jan. 13, 1904 | Black Man Lynched in South Carolina for Allegedly Knocking on White Woman's Door"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505211705/https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/jan/13">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jan.+13%2C+1904+%26%23124%3B+Black+Man+Lynched+in+South+Carolina+for+Allegedly+Knocking+on+White+Woman%27s+Door&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.eji.org%2Fracial-injustice%2Fjan%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/feb/7">"Feb. 7, 1904 | Black Man and Woman Brutally Lynched in Doddsville, Mississippi"</a>. calendar.eji.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120094649/https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/feb/7">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=calendar.eji.org&rft.atitle=Feb.+7%2C+1904+%26%23124%3B+Black+Man+and+Woman+Brutally+Lynched+in+Doddsville%2C+Mississippi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.eji.org%2Fracial-injustice%2Ffeb%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/3290-patrolman-charles-b-collis">"Patrolman Charles B. Collis"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP). Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Patrolman+Charles+B.+Collis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F3290-patrolman-charles-b-collis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mob-255"><a href="#cite_ref-Mob_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-mar-10-1904-2942882/">"Mob May Clash with the Blacks"</a>. Cairo Bulletin. March 10, 1904. Retrieved January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mob+May+Clash+with+the+Blacks&rft.date=1904-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fother-articles-clipping-mar-10-1904-2942882%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Springfield-256"><a href="#cite_ref-Springfield_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-mar-09-1904-2942972/">"War on Dives in Springfield"</a>. Washington Times. March 9, 1904. Retrieved January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Times&rft.atitle=War+on+Dives+in+Springfield&rft.date=1904-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fother-articles-clipping-mar-09-1904-2942972%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1904/09/08/archives/alabama-mob-hangs-negro-burns-jail-to-get-at-him-vote-taken-before.html">"ALABAMA MOB HANGS NEGRO.; Burns Jail to Get at Him – Vote Taken Before Hanging"</a>. The New York Times. September 8, 1904. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501225113/https://www.nytimes.com/1904/09/08/archives/alabama-mob-hangs-negro-burns-jail-to-get-at-him-vote-taken-before.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ALABAMA+MOB+HANGS+NEGRO.%3B+Burns+Jail+to+Get+at+Him+%E2%80%93+Vote+Taken+Before+Hanging.&rft.date=1904-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1904%2F09%2F08%2Farchives%2Falabama-mob-hangs-negro-burns-jail-to-get-at-him-vote-taken-before.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/files/original/d107a28e2edd5c3e0e30ebbfb3eab3cc.jpg">"Two Men Lynched in Texas in Same Section"</a>. lynchingintexas.org. Retrieved January 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lynchingintexas.org&rft.atitle=Two+Men+Lynched+in+Texas+in+Same+Section.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Ffiles%2Foriginal%2Fd107a28e2edd5c3e0e30ebbfb3eab3cc.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/french-broad-hustler-more-details-on-wat/52826178/">"More details on Watkinsville lynching"</a>. French Broad Hustler. July 5, 1905. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=French+Broad+Hustler&rft.atitle=More+details+on+Watkinsville+lynching&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1905-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Ffrench-broad-hustler-more-details-on-wat%2F52826178%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wuga.org/local-news/2020-06-26/remembering-victims-of-1905-mass-lynching-in-watkinsville">"Remembering Victims of 1905 Mass Lynching in Watkinsville"</a>. June 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Victims+of+1905+Mass+Lynching+in+Watkinsville&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wuga.org%2Flocal-news%2F2020-06-26%2Fremembering-victims-of-1905-mass-lynching-in-watkinsville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/19417-sheriff-martin-crawford-stegall">"Sheriff Martin Crawford Stegall"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Sheriff+Martin+Crawford+Stegall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F19417-sheriff-martin-crawford-stegall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_50.html">"#50 Augustus Goodman (?)"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Augustus Goodman (?), his body hanging from oak tree that served as a community bulletin board, onlookers. November 4, 1905, Bainbridge, Georgia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2350+Augustus+Goodman+%28%3F%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_50.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilkington2018" class="citation web cs1">Pilkington, Ed (April 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/26/lynchings-sadism-white-men-why-america-must-atone">"The sadism of white men: why America must atone for its lynchings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093622/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/26/lynchings-sadism-white-men-why-america-must-atone">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+sadism+of+white+men%3A+why+America+must+atone+for+its+lynchings&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft.aulast=Pilkington&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fapr%2F26%2Flynchings-sadism-white-men-why-america-must-atone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton2016" class="citation web cs1">Thornton, William (December 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al.com/news/anniston-gadsden/2016/12/1906_gadsden_lynching_memorial.html">"Why the story of a 1906 Alabama lynching won't be forgotten"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Al.com">Al.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603221436/https://www.al.com/news/anniston-gadsden/2016/12/1906_gadsden_lynching_memorial.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al.com&rft.atitle=Why+the+story+of+a+1906+Alabama+lynching+won%27t+be+forgotten&rft.date=2016-12-11&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.com%2Fnews%2Fanniston-gadsden%2F2016%2F12%2F1906_gadsden_lynching_memorial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=116817">"Lynching in America / The Lynching of Bunk Richardson Historical Marker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Historical_Marker_Database" title="Historical Marker Database">Historical Marker Database</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603221438/https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=116817">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Marker+Database&rft.atitle=Lynching+in+America+%2F+The+Lynching+of+Bunk+Richardson+Historical+Marker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fm.asp%3Fm%3D116817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_71.html">"#71 Bunk Richardson"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Bunk Richardson, his body suspended over the Coosa River, stripped to long johns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2371+Bunk+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_71.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_72.html">"#72 Bunk Richardson"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The corpse of Bunk Richardson, propped up for photographer on plank walk of bridge spanning the Coosa River, severely beaten, stripped to long johns. Onlookers hold handkerchiefs to cover nose and mouths.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2372+Bunk+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_72.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_08.html">"#8 Nease Gillepsie, John Gillepsie, "Jack" Dillingham, Henry Lee, and George Irwin"</a>. Without Sanctuary. Retrieved April 1, 2024. <q>The corpses of five African American males, Nease Gillepsie, John Gillepsie, "Jack" Dillingham, Henry Lee, and George Irwin with onlookers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%238+Nease+Gillepsie%2C+John+Gillepsie%2C+%22Jack%22+Dillingham%2C+Henry+Lee%2C+and+George+Irwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-a_red_record-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_red_record_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_red_record_268-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lynching.web.unc.edu/the-people/the-1906-salisbury-lynchings/">"The 1906 Salisbury Lynchings"</a>. A Red Record. Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Red+Record&rft.atitle=The+1906+Salisbury+Lynchings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flynching.web.unc.edu%2Fthe-people%2Fthe-1906-salisbury-lynchings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotch2019" class="citation book cs1">Kotch, Seth (February 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/north-carolina-scholarship-online/book/31098/chapter/289472536">"1 The General Sense of Justice: Lynching and the Death Penalty, 1880–1950"</a>. Lethal State: A History of the Death Penalty in North Carolina. Oxford University Press. pp. 23–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5149%2Fnorthcarolina%2F9781469649870.003.0002">10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649870.003.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781469649894" title="Special:BookSources/9781469649894"><bdi>9781469649894</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+The+General+Sense+of+Justice%3A+Lynching+and+the+Death+Penalty%2C+1880%E2%80%931950&rft.btitle=Lethal+State%3A+A+History+of+the+Death+Penalty+in+North+Carolina&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5149%2Fnorthcarolina%2F9781469649870.003.0002&rft.isbn=9781469649894&rft.aulast=Kotch&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fnorth-carolina-scholarship-online%2Fbook%2F31098%2Fchapter%2F289472536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-270">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_270-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_270-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_270-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_58.html">"#58 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Unidentified corpse of badly beaten white male in shredded clothes hanging from rope stretched over unpaved street, onlookers in background. Circa 1900, Virginia City, Montana.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2358+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_58.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toyah-271"><a href="#cite_ref-Toyah_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46241648/cowboys-lynch-negro-in-toyah-texas-for/">"Cowboys Lynch Negro in Toyah, Texas for living with a white woman"</a>. Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. October 27, 1906. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712215146/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46241648/cowboys-lynch-negro-in-toyah-texas-for/">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Times&rft.atitle=Cowboys+Lynch+Negro+in+Toyah%2C+Texas+for+living+with+a+white+woman&rft.date=1906-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F46241648%2Fcowboys-lynch-negro-in-toyah-texas-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2018" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Phil (December 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capitalgazette.com/news/crime/ac-cn-lynching-memorial-20181221-story.html">"Groups pay tribute to Henry Davis, last man to be lynched in Anne Arundel County"</a>. capitalgazette.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417032248/https://www.capitalgazette.com/news/crime/ac-cn-lynching-memorial-20181221-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capitalgazette.com&rft.atitle=Groups+pay+tribute+to+Henry+Davis%2C+last+man+to+be+lynched+in+Anne+Arundel+County&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fac-cn-lynching-memorial-20181221-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/annals-of-iowa/article/7813/galley/116532/view/">https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/annals-of-iowa/article/7813/galley/116532/view/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicalcrimedetective.com/small-town-vigilante-justice-in-1907/">"Lynch Mob Justice in 1907, Bancroft, Nebraska - HistoricalCrimeDetective.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynch+Mob+Justice+in+1907%2C+Bancroft%2C+Nebraska+-+HistoricalCrimeDetective.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicalcrimedetective.com%2Fsmall-town-vigilante-justice-in-1907%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/cph12236/">"The Higgins Lynching Party" Sept 30 1907 Library of Congress</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nebraskahistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/DB36BD56-608D-4E21-B09C-363129640728">Nebraska History</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_11.html">"#11 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Lynching of bound white male, his body hung from a bridge. Circa 1910, location unknown.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2311+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/17429-patrolman-august-baker">"Patrolman August Baker"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP). Retrieved August 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Patrolman+August+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F17429-patrolman-august-baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DT19080211p1-279"><a href="#cite_ref-DT19080211p1_279-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Two thousand citizens hang woman's assailant". Daily Times. Chattanooga, Tennessee. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Two+thousand+citizens+hang+woman%27s+assailant&rft.pages=3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_02.html">"#2 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Unidentified corpse of African American male. Gallows, courthouse-jail, and windmill in background. Nine onlookers, two young boys. 1900-1915. Location unknown.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%232+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86090369/1908-02-29/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=02%2F26%2F1908&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Conroe&proxdistance=5&date2=03%2F03%2F1908&ortext=&proxtext=Conroe&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1">The Waxahachie daily light. [volume], February 29, 1908, Image 1</a>; in regard to a 2nd reported lynching March 28, 1908– newspaper account reported that in <a href="/wiki/Magnolia,_Texas" title="Magnolia, Texas">Magnolia, Texas</a> a young white woman was knocked down, her clothing torn and she was almost criminally assaulted by an unnamed negro; the Sheriff coming to the scene found two negroes shot (one killed) see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87065072/1908-03-28/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=03%2F28%2F1908&index=0&date2=04%2F10%2F1908&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Conroe&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Conroe&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1">The new South-news., March 28, 1908, Image 2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/ernest-williams-16753/">"Ernest Williams (Reported Lynching of)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ernest+Williams+%28Reported+Lynching+of%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Fernest-williams-16753%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/263">"Lynching of William Manuel – June 21, 1908"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505211706/http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/263">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+of+William+Manuel+%E2%80%93+June+21%2C+1908&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=ycmL9m+p&id=71917A9EC6C4929B58640DFA0B73158B842E696D&thid=OIP.ycmL9m-pR0Yn7oU0LL_c8wHaJ7&mediaurl=https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.c9c98bf66fa9474627ee85342cbfdcf3?rik=bWkuhIsVcwv6DQ&riu=http%253a%252f%252fwww.cardcow.com%252fvalues%252fimages%252f251228336361.jpg&ehk=Zc7p%252b1IrsPq%252fBJp%252b%252bQYbi3%252f%252f5It4qfp0Qd%252fVlPP4hEY%253d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0&sres=1&sresct=1&exph=500&expw=373&q=Rare+Lynching+Postcards&simid=607999397524282860&form=IRPRST&ck=B7C3F81614A28A62E1FC6963B963AA27&selectedindex=8&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0&vt=0&sim=11">"Rare Lynching Postcards – Bing"</a>. www.bing.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bing.com&rft.atitle=Rare+Lynching+Postcards+%E2%80%93+Bing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2Fimages%2Fsearch%3Fview%3DdetailV2%26ccid%3DycmL9m%2Bp%26id%3D71917A9EC6C4929B58640DFA0B73158B842E696D%26thid%3DOIP.ycmL9m-pR0Yn7oU0LL_c8wHaJ7%26mediaurl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fth.bing.com%2Fth%2Fid%2FR.c9c98bf66fa9474627ee85342cbfdcf3%3Frik%3DbWkuhIsVcwv6DQ%26riu%3Dhttp%25253a%25252f%25252fwww.cardcow.com%25252fvalues%25252fimages%25252f251228336361.jpg%26ehk%3DZc7p%25252b1IrsPq%25252fBJp%25252b%25252bQYbi3%25252f%25252f5It4qfp0Qd%25252fVlPP4hEY%25253d%26risl%3D%26pid%3DImgRaw%26r%3D0%26sres%3D1%26sresct%3D1%26exph%3D500%26expw%3D373%26q%3DRare%2BLynching%2BPostcards%26simid%3D607999397524282860%26form%3DIRPRST%26ck%3DB7C3F81614A28A62E1FC6963B963AA27%26selectedindex%3D8%26ajaxhist%3D0%26ajaxserp%3D0%26vt%3D0%26sim%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=jkey6lna&id=C3B0A5E3A452668C497FD36DAB9B50A820C248C5&thid=OIP.jkey6lnaWGO-0nelFKOkugHaEu&mediaurl=https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.8e47b2ea59da5863bed277a514a3a4ba?rik=xUjCIKhQm6tt0w&riu=http%253a%252f%252fdissidentvoice.org%252fwp-content%252fuploads%252f2017%252f07%252fLP20-2_Ted_SMith-1024x653.jpg&ehk=J%252bR%252bQoF1SXyivgrGoRBhgPUQC8yePyGiDGE1uXqF%252fsE%253d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0&exph=653&expw=1024&q=Triple+Lynching+in+Texas+August+1908&simid=608020374142996784&form=IRPRST&ck=FDF425845B1F19FFEA0C3A0B545CF8B8&selectedindex=16&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0&vt=0&sim=11">"Triple Lynching in Texas August 1908 – Bing"</a>. www.bing.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bing.com&rft.atitle=Triple+Lynching+in+Texas+August+1908+%E2%80%93+Bing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2Fimages%2Fsearch%3Fview%3DdetailV2%26ccid%3Djkey6lna%26id%3DC3B0A5E3A452668C497FD36DAB9B50A820C248C5%26thid%3DOIP.jkey6lnaWGO-0nelFKOkugHaEu%26mediaurl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fth.bing.com%2Fth%2Fid%2FR.8e47b2ea59da5863bed277a514a3a4ba%3Frik%3DxUjCIKhQm6tt0w%26riu%3Dhttp%25253a%25252f%25252fdissidentvoice.org%25252fwp-content%25252fuploads%25252f2017%25252f07%25252fLP20-2_Ted_SMith-1024x653.jpg%26ehk%3DJ%25252bR%25252bQoF1SXyivgrGoRBhgPUQC8yePyGiDGE1uXqF%25252fsE%25253d%26risl%3D%26pid%3DImgRaw%26r%3D0%26exph%3D653%26expw%3D1024%26q%3DTriple%2BLynching%2Bin%2BTexas%2BAugust%2B1908%26simid%3D608020374142996784%26form%3DIRPRST%26ck%3DFDF425845B1F19FFEA0C3A0B545CF8B8%26selectedindex%3D16%26ajaxhist%3D0%26ajaxserp%3D0%26vt%3D0%26sim%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=luS1U%2fJa&id=4CED8A55A1B7AB59A77C5739CA7DFA9D026F7498&thid=OIP.luS1U_Jah-bRas5sUdlK_AHaG9&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fgraphicarts.princeton.edu%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2fsites%2f158%2f2018%2f04%2flynching6-768x722.jpg&cdnurl=https%3a%2f%2fth.bing.com%2fth%2fid%2fR.96e4b553f25a87e6d16ace6c51d94afc%3frik%3dmHRvAp36fco5Vw%26pid%3dImgRaw%26r%3d0&exph=722&expw=768&q=lynching+Ted+Smith++1908&simid=608031919049741907&FORM=IRPRST&ck=FF9C36A65692AD849728A8EB9A82CA12&selectedIndex=4&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0">Ted Smith Lynching</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86088652/1908-07-29/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=07%2F27%2F1908&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Greenville+Tex&proxdistance=5&date2=07%2F31%2F1908&ortext=&proxtext=Greenville+Tex&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1">"Bryan Morning Eagle" July 29, 1908 (Library of Congress</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thepulsepensacola.com/2017/07/a-century-ago-a-lynching-in-downtown-pensacola/">"A century ago, a lynching in downtown Pensacola"</a>. The Pulse. July 28, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pulse&rft.atitle=A+century+ago%2C+a+lynching+in+downtown+Pensacola&rft.date=2017-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepulsepensacola.com%2F2017%2F07%2Fa-century-ago-a-lynching-in-downtown-pensacola%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oshkosh.pastperfectonline.com/photo/AC00E102-8B2C-4971-ABDF-974360873100">"Photographic postcard of four African-American men hanging from their necks by ropes in a cedar tree"</a>. oshkosh.pastperfectonline.com. Oskosh Public Museum. June 15, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714114400/https://oshkosh.pastperfectonline.com/photo/AC00E102-8B2C-4971-ABDF-974360873100">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oshkosh.pastperfectonline.com&rft.atitle=Photographic+postcard+of+four+African-American+men+hanging+from+their+necks+by+ropes+in+a+cedar+tree.&rft.date=2006-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foshkosh.pastperfectonline.com%2Fphoto%2FAC00E102-8B2C-4971-ABDF-974360873100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_64.html">"#64 Virgil Jones, Robert Jones, Thomas Jones, and Joseph Riley"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Virgil Jones, Robert Jones, Thomas Jones, and Joseph Riley, warning note. Black onlookers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2364+Virgil+Jones%2C+Robert+Jones%2C+Thomas+Jones%2C+and+Joseph+Riley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_64.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEqual_Justice_Initiative2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Equal_Justice_Initiative" title="Equal Justice Initiative">Equal Justice Initiative</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=101159">"Lynching In America / The Lynching of William Miller"</a>. Historical Marker Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504012341/https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=101159">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+In+America+%2F+The+Lynching+of+William+Miller&rft.pub=Historical+Marker+Database&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Equal+Justice+Initiative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D101159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1297&dat=19080911&id=HsVUAAAAIBAJ&pg=7135,4703531&hl=en">"Leader of Mob an Ex-U.S. Senator"</a>. Fredericksburg Daily Star. September 11, 1908. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308160911/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1297&dat=19080911&id=HsVUAAAAIBAJ&pg=7135,4703531&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. 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Retrieved May 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Senator+Sullivan+Will+Stand+Consequences+for+Directing+Shooting&rft.date=1908-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1908%2F09%2F10%2Farchives%2Fglad-he-led-lynchers-exsenator-sullivan-will-stand-consequences-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSassoubre2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sassoubre, Ticien Marie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/issue/12694">"Avoiding Adjudication in William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses and Intruder in the Dust"</a>. Criticism. 49 (2): 183–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcrt.0.0016">10.1353/crt.0.0016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153508996">153508996</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182525/http://muse.jhu.edu/issue/12694">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criticism&rft.atitle=Avoiding+Adjudication+in+William+Faulkner%27s+Go+Down%2C+Moses+and+Intruder+in+the+Dust&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E183-%3C%2Fspan%3E214&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcrt.0.0016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153508996%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sassoubre&rft.aufirst=Ticien+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fissue%2F12694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times-294"><a href="#cite_ref-Times_294-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/04/23/us/ap-us-lynching-memorial.html">"New Lynching Memorial Evokes Terror of Victims"</a>. Associated Press. April 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428093428/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/04/23/us/ap-us-lynching-memorial.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018. 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April 19, 1909. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913145632/http://www.oklahomahistory.net/adalynch.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Ardmoreite&rft.atitle=Four+Men+Pay+Price+of+Bobbitt%27s+Death%2F+Miller%2C+Allen%2C+West+and+Burrell+are+Lynched+by+Mob+at+Ada+this+Morning&rft.date=1909-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oklahomahistory.net%2Fadalynch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott1999" class="citation journal cs1">McDermott, Stacy Pratt (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2649083">""An Outrageous Proceeding": A Northern Lynching and the Enforcement of Anti-Lynching Legislation in Illinois, 1905–1910"</a>. The Journal of Negro History. 84 (1): 61–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2649083">10.2307/2649083</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2992">0022-2992</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2649083">2649083</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150209743">150209743</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Negro+History&rft.atitle=%22An+Outrageous+Proceeding%22%3A+A+Northern+Lynching+and+the+Enforcement+of+Anti-Lynching+Legislation+in+Illinois%2C+1905%E2%80%931910&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0022-2992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150209743%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2649083%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2649083&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Stacy+Pratt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2649083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SFC19091112.2.9&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"San Francisco Call 12 November 1909 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"</a>. cdnc.ucr.edu. 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The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Deputy+Marshal+Carl+Mayes+Etherington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F23113-deputy-marshal-carl-mayes-etherington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-303">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_303-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_303-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_20.html">"#20 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>A lynch mob and the smoldering remains of an African American. 1910, Texas. Gelatin silver print.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2320+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/9436-constable-james-w-mitchell">"Constable James W. Mitchell"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Constable+James+W.+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F9436-constable-james-w-mitchell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1910" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (August 3, 1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025431/1910-08-03/ed-1/seq-6/">"Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868–1915, August 03, 1910, Image 6"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mower+County+transcript.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Lansing%2C+Minn.%29+1868%E2%80%931915%2C+August+03%2C+1910%2C+Image+6&rft.date=1910-08-03&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85025431%2F1910-08-03%2Fed-1%2Fseq-6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westtampamurder.com/pdf/1910-09-22%20-%20Quiet%20Again%20Reigns.pdf">"'Quiet Again Resigns; Protest of Italians Brings Investigation"</a> (PDF). Tampa Morning Tribune. September 22, 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919081748/http://www.westtampamurder.com/pdf/1910-09-22%20-%20Quiet%20Again%20Reigns.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Morning+Tribune&rft.atitle=%27Quiet+Again+Resigns%3B+Protest+of+Italians+Brings+Investigation&rft.date=1910-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westtampamurder.com%2Fpdf%2F1910-09-22%2520-%2520Quiet%2520Again%2520Reigns.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-307">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_307-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_307-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva,_Nicholas2018" class="citation book cs1">Villanueva, Nicholas (August 2018). The lynching of Mexicans in the Texas borderlands. University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826360304" title="Special:BookSources/9780826360304"><bdi>9780826360304</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1032029983">1032029983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lynching+of+Mexicans+in+the+Texas+borderlands&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2018-08&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1032029983&rft.isbn=9780826360304&rft.au=Villanueva%2C+Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-308">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_308-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_308-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinez,_Monica_Muñoz" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monica_Mu%C3%B1oz_Martinez" title="Monica Muñoz Martinez">Martinez, Monica Muñoz</a>. The injustice never leaves you : anti-Mexican violence in Texas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674976436" title="Special:BookSources/9780674976436"><bdi>9780674976436</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1020313014">1020313014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+injustice+never+leaves+you+%3A+anti-Mexican+violence+in+Texas&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1020313014&rft.isbn=9780674976436&rft.au=Martinez%2C+Monica+Mu%C3%B1oz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_309-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_309-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_309-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_309-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesley_Pickney_Hill1912" class="citation magazine cs1">Lesley Pickney Hill (January 1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044009723073&view=1up&seq=130&skin=2021">"The Vision of a Lyncher"</a>. The Crisis. Vol. 3. p. 122 – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crisis&rft.atitle=The+Vision+of+a+Lyncher&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=122&rft.date=1912-01&rft.au=Lesley+Pickney+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dhvd.32044009723073%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D130%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/19605-deputy-sheriff-george-h-loney">"Deputy Sheriff George H. Loney"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP). Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Deputy+Sheriff+George+H.+Loney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F19605-deputy-sheriff-george-h-loney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/lynching-memorial-shows-women-were-victims-too-95029">"Lynching memorial shows women were victims, too"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. April 27, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://theconversation.com/lynching-memorial-shows-women-were-victims-too-95029">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Lynching+memorial+shows+women+were+victims%2C+too.&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Flynching-memorial-shows-women-were-victims-too-95029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tennessean-312"><a href="#cite_ref-Tennessean_312-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36672056/william_bradford_lynched_june_16_1911/">"Mississippi Negro Hanged"</a>. The Tennessean. June 18, 1911. Retrieved October 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Mississippi+Negro+Hanged&rft.date=1911-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F36672056%2Fwilliam_bradford_lynched_june_16_1911%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108893524/commodore-jones-lynching/">"Commodore Jones Lynching"</a>. Austin American-Statesman. August 12, 1911. p. 1. Retrieved September 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Austin+American-Statesman&rft.atitle=Commodore+Jones+Lynching&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1911-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F108893524%2Fcommodore-jones-lynching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24262947/el-paso-herald/">"Clipped From El Paso Herald"</a>. El Paso Herald. August 12, 1911. p. 10. Retrieved September 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Paso+Herald&rft.atitle=Clipped+From+El+Paso+Herald&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1911-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F24262947%2Fel-paso-herald%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-315"><a href="#cite_ref-smith_315-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20110813/TMP01/308139966">Eric S. Smith, "Zachariah Walker's lynching haunts the city"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130608/http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20110813/TMP01/308139966">Archived</a> May 29, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Daily Local News (Chester County), August 13, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_57.html">"#57 Ernest Harrison, Sam Reed, and Frank Howard"</a>. Without Sanctuary. Retrieved June 9, 2022. <q>The corpses of Ernest Harrison, Sam Reed, and Frank Howard hanging from a rafter in a sawmill, jagged circular blade in lower right hand corner. September 11, 1911, Wickliffe, Kentucky.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2357+Ernest+Harrison%2C+Sam+Reed%2C+and+Frank+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_57.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-King_Johnson,_MSA_SC_3520-13760-317"><a href="#cite_ref-King_Johnson,_MSA_SC_3520-13760_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013700/013760/html/13760bio.html">"King Johnson, MSA SC 3520-13760"</a>. msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved August 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msa.maryland.gov&rft.atitle=King+Johnson%2C+MSA+SC+3520-13760&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F013700%2F013760%2Fhtml%2F13760bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoulden" class="citation web cs1">Boulden, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fortsmithhistory.org/archive/lynchingSL.html">"The Lynching of Sanford Lewis"</a>. Fort Smith Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516120516/http://www.fortsmithhistory.org/archive/lynchingSL.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lynching+of+Sanford+Lewis&rft.pub=Fort+Smith+Historical+Society&rft.aulast=Boulden&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortsmithhistory.org%2Farchive%2FlynchingSL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_19.html">"#19"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Lynching of an unidentified African American male. Date and location unknown. Tinted lithographed postcard. 5H x 3H".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2319&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tylerhistory.org/2018/08/13/1912-dan-davis-burned-alive/">"1912: Dan Davis Burned Alive"</a>. August 13, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505211705/http://www.tylerhistory.org/2018/08/13/1912-dan-davis-burned-alive/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1912%3A+Dan+Davis+Burned+Alive&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tylerhistory.org%2F2018%2F08%2F13%2F1912-dan-davis-burned-alive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/120270144/terror-in-cumming-race-riot-feared/">"Terror in Cumming; Race Riot Feared"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Georgian" title="The Atlanta Georgian">The Atlanta Georgian</a>. September 11, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved March 5, 2023 – via newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Georgian&rft.atitle=Terror+in+Cumming%3B+Race+Riot+Feared&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1912-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F120270144%2Fterror-in-cumming-race-riot-feared%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86092536/1912-09-05/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=08%2F29%2F1912&index=7&date2=09%2F10%2F1912&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=fall+FALL+KILLED+killed&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=killed+in+fall&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1">"Negro Fiend is Lynched at Princeton"</a>. The Wheeling intelligencier. September 5, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved May 24, 2022 – via Chronicling of America (Library of Congress).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wheeling+intelligencier&rft.atitle=Negro+Fiend+is+Lynched+at+Princeton&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1912-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86092536%2F1912-09-05%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23date1%3D08%252F29%252F1912%26index%3D7%26date2%3D09%252F10%252F1912%26searchType%3Dadvanced%26language%3D%26sequence%3D0%26words%3Dfall%2BFALL%2BKILLED%2Bkilled%26proxdistance%3D5%26state%3D%26rows%3D20%26ortext%3D%26proxtext%3Dkilled%2Bin%2Bfall%26phrasetext%3D%26andtext%3D%26dateFilterType%3Drange%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87062011/1913-07-21/ed-1/seq-1/">"Arming at El Paso to Repulse the Mexicans"</a>. The Nome Daily Nugget. Noma, Alaska. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2771-215X">2771-215X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15073038">15073038</a>. Retrieved April 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nome+Daily+Nugget&rft.atitle=Arming+at+El+Paso+to+Repulse+the+Mexicans&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15073038&rft.issn=2771-215X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn87062011%2F1913-07-21%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025316/1913-05-17/ed-1/seq-11/">"Mexican is Hanged"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Missoulian" title="Missoulian">The Daily Missoulian</a>. Missoula, Montana. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2329-5457">2329-5457</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9385382">9385382</a>. Retrieved April 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Missoulian&rft.atitle=Mexican+is+Hanged&rft.pages=11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9385382&rft.issn=2329-5457&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83025316%2F1913-05-17%2Fed-1%2Fseq-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> Associated Press, see Nashville Banner February 7, 1913 pg. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> Lincoln, NE, Star February 9, 1913 p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> e.g. San Francisco Call, February 9, 1913 p. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> New York Sun, February 9, 1913 p. 1, Oakland CA Tribute February 9, pg. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-Rucker-329">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rucker_329-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rucker_329-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46218275/burn-negro-at-stake-second-lynching/">"Burn Negro At Stake: Second Lynching for Murder of Mrs. Williams"</a>. Chattanooga Times. Chattanooga, Tennessee. February 9, 1913. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718225305/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46218275/burn-negro-at-stake-second-lynching/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chattanooga+Times&rft.atitle=Burn+Negro+At+Stake%3A+Second+Lynching+for+Murder+of+Mrs.+Williams&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1913-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F46218275%2Fburn-negro-at-stake-second-lynching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> e.g. Lincoln Star February 9, 1913 p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> New York Sun, February 9, 1913 p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legacyoflynching.com/profiles/joe-green/">"Joe Green"</a>. Legacy of Lynching. February 25, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legacy+of+Lynching&rft.atitle=Joe+Green&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacyoflynching.com%2Fprofiles%2Fjoe-green%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> Sam Spicer Jr. vs. the State of Alabama, Alabama Supreme Court, 4th Div. 598 (July 1916) </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtmemory.org/nodes/view/91755">"The Murderer; J. C. Collins - Bad Nigger; in Front of Jail; Mondak, Mont.; Hung to Telephone Pole - 9-P.M."</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Murderer%3B+J.+C.+Collins+-+Bad+Nigger%3B+in+Front+of+Jail%3B+Mondak%2C+Mont.%3B+Hung+to+Telephone+Pole+-+9-P.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtmemory.org%2Fnodes%2Fview%2F91755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtmemory.org/nodes/view/78729?lsk=b0d947ff372e19b3a52c8b13958f1dbb">"[Murder and lynching newspaper clipping, Sheridan County, Montana]"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%2391%3BMurder+and+lynching+newspaper+clipping%2C+Sheridan+County%2C+Montana%26%2393%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtmemory.org%2Fnodes%2Fview%2F78729%3Flsk%3Db0d947ff372e19b3a52c8b13958f1dbb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_04.html">"#4 Bennie Simmons"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Bennie Simmons, alive, soaked in coal oil before being set on fire. June 13, 1913. Anadarko, Oklahoma.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%234+Bennie+Simmons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_35.html">"#35 Joseph Richardson"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Joseph Richardson, damaged shoeshine stand. September 26, 1913, Leitchfield Kentucky.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2335+Joseph+Richardson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_35.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC-338">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_338-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_338-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell_Contreras2019" class="citation web cs1">Russell Contreras, Cedar Attanasio (July 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/amp/US/wireStory/mexican-americans-racial-terror-red-summer-64580311">"Mexican Americans faced racial terror from 1910–1920"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>. Retrieved January 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Mexican+Americans+faced+racial+terror+from+1910%E2%80%931920&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.aulast=Russell+Contreras&rft.aufirst=Cedar+Attanasio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Famp%2FUS%2FwireStory%2Fmexican-americans-racial-terror-red-summer-64580311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88078751/1914-12-25/ed-1/seq-5/">"Mexican Lynched"</a>. The Democratic Banner. Vernon, Ohio. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2157-6505">2157-6505</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18320299">18320299</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Democratic+Banner&rft.atitle=Mexican+Lynched&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18320299&rft.issn=2157-6505&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn88078751%2F1914-12-25%2Fed-1%2Fseq-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6628149/allenturner1914/">"Negro Who Assaults White Man in Union Parish Put to Death"</a>. The Shreveport Times. April 1, 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728073716/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6628149/allenturner1914/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Negro+Who+Assaults+White+Man+in+Union+Parish+Put+to+Death&rft.date=1914-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F6628149%2Fallenturner1914%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statesanctioned.com/dallas-shields/">"Dallas Shields"</a>. May 13, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122059/https://statesanctioned.com/dallas-shields/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dallas+Shields&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatesanctioned.com%2Fdallas-shields%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87065469/1914-12-03/ed-1/seq-1/">"Drive Out Negroes:Undesirables are driven out of Byhalia following lynching"</a>. Oxford Eagle. December 3, 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421191559/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87065469/1914-12-03/ed-1/seq-1/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021 – via Library of Congress: Chronicling America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Eagle&rft.atitle=Drive+Out+Negroes%3AUndesirables+are+driven+out+of+Byhalia+following+lynching.&rft.date=1914-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn87065469%2F1914-12-03%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89065008/1915-07-02/ed-1/seq-2/">"Short Items for Busy Men"</a>. July 2, 1915. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105326/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89065008/1915-07-02/ed-1/seq-2/">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Short+Items+for+Busy+Men&rft.date=1915-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn89065008%2F1915-07-02%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87055779/1915-10-02/ed-1/seq-1/">"De La Rosa killed in Battle with Ranchers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Bend_News-Times" title="South Bend News-Times">South Bend News-Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>: News-Times Print. Co. October 2, 1915. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2377-7095">2377-7095</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15568606">15568606</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+News-Times&rft.atitle=De+La+Rosa+killed+in+Battle+with+Ranchers&rft.date=1915-10-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15568606&rft.issn=2377-7095&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn87055779%2F1915-10-02%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421213518/https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/apr/17%7Curl-access=April">"April 17, 1915 | White Mob Lynches Black Man Accused of Stealing Meat in Georgia"</a>. Equal Justice Initiative. April 21, 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/apr/17">the original</a> on April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=April+17%2C+1915+%26%23124%3B+White+Mob+Lynches+Black+Man+Accused+of+Stealing+Meat+in+Georgia&rft.pub=Equal+Justice+Initiative&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.eji.org%2Fracial-injustice%2Fapr%2F17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1915" class="citation web cs1">Burke, J. J. (May 13, 1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc139224/m1/1/zoom/">"The Norman Transcript (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 26, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 13, 1915"</a>. The Gateway to Oklahoma History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703074330/https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc139224/m1/1/zoom/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gateway+to+Oklahoma+History&rft.atitle=The+Norman+Transcript+%28Norman%2C+Okla.%29%2C+Vol.+26%2C+No.+36%2C+Ed.+1+Thursday%2C+May+13%2C+1915&rft.date=1915-05-13&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgateway.okhistory.org%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc139224%2Fm1%2F1%2Fzoom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers-347"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_347-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2019" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Eryn (February 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.13wmaz.com/article/news/local/jones-county-family-wants-light-shed-on-dark-past/93-f3b3c7b1-4841-4b8c-bbd3-6e82cd110baa">"Jones Co. family wants to shed light on dark past"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon, Georgia</a>: <a href="/wiki/WMAZ-TV" title="WMAZ-TV">WMAZ-TV</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jones+Co.+family+wants+to+shed+light+on+dark+past&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Eryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.13wmaz.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fjones-county-family-wants-light-shed-on-dark-past%2F93-f3b3c7b1-4841-4b8c-bbd3-6e82cd110baa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063730/1930-04-06/ed-1/seq-9/">"Wounded to Brownsville"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brownsville_Herald" title="The Brownsville Herald">The Brownsville Herald</a>. Brownsville, Texas: AIM Media Texas. April 6, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0894-2064">0894-2064</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/782077638">782077638</a>. Retrieved April 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Brownsville+Herald&rft.atitle=Wounded+to+Brownsville&rft.date=1930-04-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F782077638&rft.issn=0894-2064&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86063730%2F1930-04-06%2Fed-1%2Fseq-9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84045523/1915-08-04/ed-1/seq-6/">"Unos Enmascarados Lo Cuelgan"</a>. El regidor. San Antonio, Texas: Pablo Cruz. August 4, 1915. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2640-5202">2640-5202</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/744677189">744677189</a>. Retrieved April 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+regidor&rft.atitle=Unos+Enmascarados+Lo+Cuelgan&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1915-08-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F744677189&rft.issn=2640-5202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84045523%2F1915-08-04%2Fed-1%2Fseq-6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1915" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (August 1, 1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042303/1915-08-01/ed-1/seq-1/">"The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893–current, August 01, 1915, Image 1"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Daily+Ardmoreite.+%5Bvolume%5D+%28Ardmore%2C+Okla.%29+1893%E2%80%93current%2C+August+01%2C+1915%2C+Image+1&rft.date=1915-08-01&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn85042303%2F1915-08-01%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._E._B._DuBois1916" class="citation web cs1">W. E. B. DuBois, ed. (January 22, 1916). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Postcard_of_the_lynched_Will_Stanley_front_and_back.jpg">"English: The charred body of Will Stanley, lynched by burning in Temple, Texas, July 29–30, 1915"</a> – via Wikimedia Commons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English%3A+The+charred+body+of+Will+Stanley%2C+lynched+by+burning+in+Temple%2C+Texas%2C+July+29%E2%80%9330%2C+1915.&rft.date=1916-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3APostcard_of_the_lynched_Will_Stanley_front_and_back.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1915-08-20/ed-1/seq-5/">"Six Mexicans Lynched"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(New_York_City)" title="The Sun (New York City)">The Sun</a>. New York City, New York: Ronald Weintraub. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1940-7831">1940-7831</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9406339">9406339</a>. Retrieved March 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sun&rft.atitle=Six+Mexicans+Lynched&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9406339&rft.issn=1940-7831&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83030272%2F1915-08-20%2Fed-1%2Fseq-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lynchingintexas.org/files/original/14994a4e824056962e73806331c1c296.jpg">"Americans Slay Ten Mexicans – October 19, 1915"</a>. lynchingintexas.org. Retrieved January 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lynchingintexas.org&rft.atitle=Americans+Slay+Ten+Mexicans+%E2%80%93+October+19%2C+1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Ffiles%2Foriginal%2F14994a4e824056962e73806331c1c296.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defender-354"><a href="#cite_ref-Defender_354-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"RAPE, LYNCH NEGRO MOTHER". Chicago Defender. December 18, 1915.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Defender&rft.atitle=RAPE%2C+LYNCH+NEGRO+MOTHER&rft.date=1915-12-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cedarbluff-355"><a href="#cite_ref-Cedarbluff_355-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429053159/http://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-second-edition-summary.pdf">Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror: Second Edition: Report Summary</a> (PDF). Montgomery, Alabama: <a href="/wiki/Equal_Justice_Initiative" title="Equal Justice Initiative">Equal Justice Initiative</a>. 2015. p. 15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-second-edition-summary.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 29, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017. <q>White men lynched Jeff Brown in 1916 in Cedarbluff, Mississippi, for accidentally bumping into a white girl as he ran to catch a train.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lynching+in+America%3A+Confronting+the+Legacy+of+Racial+Terror%3A+Second+Edition%3A+Report+Summary&rft.place=Montgomery%2C+Alabama&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Equal+Justice+Initiative&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feji.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flynching-in-america-second-edition-summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28457156/the_tampa_tribune/">"Negro Lynched near Rice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa Tribune">Tampa Tribune</a>. August 20, 1916. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190216035353/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28457156/the_tampa_tribune/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=Negro+Lynched+near+Rice&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1916-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F28457156%2Fthe_tampa_tribune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_18.html">"#18 John Richards"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>John Richards hanging on a tree, jubilant lynchers, a freshly hewn pine coffin. January 12, 1916, Goldsboro, North Carolina.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2318+John+Richards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waco-358"><a href="#cite_ref-Waco_358-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KloEAAAAMBAJ&q=Waco">"The Waco Horror (supplement to The Crisis)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a>. July 1916. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crisis&rft.atitle=The+Waco+Horror+%28supplement+to+The+Crisis%29&rft.date=1916-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKloEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DWaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86090233/1916-05-25/ed-1/seq-6/">"Two Mexicans Hanged"</a>. The Port Gibson Reveille. Port Gibson, Mississippi: H.H. Crisler & H.H. Crisler Jr. May 25, 1916. pp. 1–8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2575-7504">2575-7504</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14874994">14874994</a>. Retrieved April 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Port+Gibson+Reveille&rft.atitle=Two+Mexicans+Hanged&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1916-05-25&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14874994&rft.issn=2575-7504&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86090233%2F1916-05-25%2Fed-1%2Fseq-6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bronsbilestacion.blogspot.com/2021/08/1916-0519-hanging-of-jose-buenrostro.html">"Brownsville Station: 1916 0519 Hanging of Jose Buenrostro and Melquiades Chapa"</a>. August 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brownsville+Station%3A+1916+0519+Hanging+of+Jose+Buenrostro+and+Melquiades+Chapa&rft.date=2021-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbronsbilestacion.blogspot.com%2F2021%2F08%2F1916-0519-hanging-of-jose-buenrostro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn95079246/1916-06-30/ed-1/seq-2/">"Mexican Lynched by Texans"</a>. Highland Recorder. Snowy Mountain Publishing Inc. June 30, 1916. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2151-5484">2151-5484</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33018708">33018708</a>. Retrieved March 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Highland+Recorder&rft.atitle=Mexican+Lynched+by+Texans&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1916-06-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33018708&rft.issn=2151-5484&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn95079246%2F1916-06-30%2Fed-1%2Fseq-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirtyyearsoflyn00nati">Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889–1918</a>. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1919. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirtyyearsoflyn00nati/page/n25">24</a>. <q>Boisy Long.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thirty+Years+of+Lynching+in+the+United+States%2C+1889%E2%80%931918&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=National+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Colored+People&rft.date=1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirtyyearsoflyn00nati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026853/1916-10-25/ed-1/seq-1">"Anthony Crawford, a Negro of Wealth, Lynched Saturday"</a>. Abbeville Press and Banner. <a href="/wiki/Abbeville,_South_Carolina" title="Abbeville, South Carolina">Abbeville, South Carolina</a>. October 25, 1917. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223055442/http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026853/1916-10-25/ed-1/seq-1/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abbeville+Press+and+Banner&rft.atitle=Anthony+Crawford%2C+a+Negro+of+Wealth%2C+Lynched+Saturday&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1917-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn84026853%2F1916-10-25%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrow2005" class="citation journal cs1">Barrow, Janice Hittinger (September 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14664650500380969">"Lynching in the Mid-Atlantic, 1882–1940"</a>. American Nineteenth Century History. 6 (3): 241–271. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14664650500380969">10.1080/14664650500380969</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1466-4658">1466-4658</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145381828">145381828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Nineteenth+Century+History&rft.atitle=Lynching+in+the+Mid-Atlantic%2C+1882%E2%80%931940&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E271&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145381828%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1466-4658&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14664650500380969&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=Janice+Hittinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F14664650500380969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Incarnate-365"><a href="#cite_ref-Incarnate_365-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90890730/lation-scott-torture/">"Fiends Incarnate"</a>. The Denver Star. December 22, 1917. Retrieved December 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fiends+Incarnate&rft.date=1917-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F90890730%2Flation-scott-torture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-366"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_366-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJustice2017" class="citation web cs1">Justice, Glenn (April 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rimrockpress.com/blog/index.php?entry=entry151216-162435">"PORVENIR MASSACRE ARCHAEOLOGY MOST REVEALING"</a>. Glenn's Texas History Blog.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glenn%27s+Texas+History+Blog&rft.atitle=PORVENIR+MASSACRE+ARCHAEOLOGY+MOST+REVEALING&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft.aulast=Justice&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rimrockpress.com%2Fblog%2Findex.php%3Fentry%3Dentry151216-162435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89051285/1918-12-17/ed-1/seq-3/">"Mexicans Lynched for Murder and Robbery"</a>. The Sentinel Record. Hot Springs, Arkansas: WEHCO Media, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2693-1044">2693-1044</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19988226">19988226</a>. Retrieved March 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sentinel+Record&rft.atitle=Mexicans+Lynched+for+Murder+and+Robbery&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19988226&rft.issn=2693-1044&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn89051285%2F1918-12-17%2Fed-1%2Fseq-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1918" class="citation journal cs1">White, Walter F. (May 1, 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=floEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16">"Burning of Jim McIlherron: An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation"</a>. The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races. 16 (May): 16–20. Retrieved July 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crisis%3A+A+Record+of+the+Darker+Races&rft.atitle=Burning+of+Jim+McIlherron%3A+An+N.A.A.C.P.+Investigation&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=May&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=1918-05-01&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Walter+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfloEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllsworth2021" class="citation book cs1">Ellsworth, Scott (May 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ExACEAAAQBAJ">The Ground Breaking: The Tulsa Race Massacre and an American City's Search for Justice</a>. Penguin. pp. 127–128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-18300-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-18300-7"><bdi>978-0-593-18300-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ground+Breaking%3A+The+Tulsa+Race+Massacre+and+an+American+City%27s+Search+for+Justice&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E128&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2021-05-18&rft.isbn=978-0-593-18300-7&rft.aulast=Ellsworth&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DExACEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1918" class="citation news cs1">White, Walter F. (May 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1292947942608625.pdf">"The Burning of James McIlherron. An N.A.A.C.P. Investigation"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a>. pp. 16–20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308223147/https://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1292947942608625.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. 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Utley">Utley, Robert M.</a> (2007). Lone Star Lawmen: The Second Century of the Texas Rangers ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515444-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515444-3"><bdi>978-0-19-515444-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lone+Star+Lawmen%3A+The+Second+Century+of+the+Texas+Rangers&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515444-3&rft.aulast=Utley&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://refusingtoforget.org/disappearance-of-florencio-garcia/">"Disappearance of Florencio Garcia - Refusing to Forget"</a>. April 5, 1918.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disappearance+of+Florencio+Garcia+-+Refusing+to+Forget&rft.date=1918-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frefusingtoforget.org%2Fdisappearance-of-florencio-garcia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNAACP" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naacp.org/history-of-lynchings/">"History of Lynchings"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301201212/http://www.naacp.org/history-of-lynchings/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Lynchings&rft.au=NAACP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naacp.org%2Fhistory-of-lynchings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHui2018" class="citation news cs1">Hui, T. Keung (October 29, 2018). "A black man was lynched near Rolesville in 1918. Now Wake students are honoring him".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+black+man+was+lynched+near+Rolesville+in+1918.+Now+Wake+students+are+honoring+him.&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft.aulast=Hui&rft.aufirst=T.+Keung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWake_County_Drum_Majors_for_Social_Justice" class="citation web cs1">Wake County Drum Majors for Social Justice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/exploris.org/1918georgetaylorlynching/home">"The 1918 Lynching of George Taylor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803080922/https://sites.google.com/exploris.org/1918georgetaylorlynching/home">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1918+Lynching+of+George+Taylor&rft.au=Wake+County+Drum+Majors+for+Social+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fexploris.org%2F1918georgetaylorlynching%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> [Rawlings-Carroll, R. (2019, August 18). Joel Woodson (?-1918). BlackPast.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/joel-woodson-1918/">https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/joel-woodson-1918/</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_23.html">"#23 Unidentified males"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Unidentified lynching, onlookers on horseback.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2323+Unidentified+males&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boo_Mitchell-379"><a href="#cite_ref-Boo_Mitchell_379-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2016" class="citation news cs1">Mitchell, Jerry (May 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/local/journeytojustice/2016/05/01/hanging-bridge-signing-may-2-lemuria/83803346/">""Hanging Bridge" signing May 2 at Lemuria"</a>. Clarion Ledger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184511/https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/local/journeytojustice/2016/05/01/hanging-bridge-signing-may-2-lemuria/83803346/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clarion+Ledger&rft.atitle=%22Hanging+Bridge%22+signing+May+2+at+Lemuria&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarionledger.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fjourneytojustice%2F2016%2F05%2F01%2Fhanging-bridge-signing-may-2-lemuria%2F83803346%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 94–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Red-381">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Red_381-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer. The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer.+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McWhirter-382">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McWhirter_382-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McWhirter_382-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theclio.com/">"Clio – Welcome"</a>. Clio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811062554/https://www.theclio.com/">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clio&rft.atitle=Clio+%E2%80%93+Welcome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheclio.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC_Richards-384"><a href="#cite_ref-AC_Richards_384-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Negro Kills One; Shoots Up Five, Fighting Posse". Atlanta Constitution. May 2, 1919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Negro+Kills+One%3B+Shoots+Up+Five%2C+Fighting+Posse&rft.date=1919-05-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC_Clay-386"><a href="#cite_ref-AC_Clay_386-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mob uses Rope, to Lynch Negro". Atlanta Constitution. May 15, 1919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Mob+uses+Rope%2C+to+Lynch+Negro&rft.date=1919-05-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_32.html">"#32 Will Moore"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Will Moore. May 20, 1919, Ten Mile, Mississippi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2332+Will+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=8283">"Frank Livingston (Lynching of)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133531/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=8283">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Livingston+%28Lynching+of%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fencyclopedia%2Fentry-detail.aspx%3FentryID%3D8283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoogd2008" class="citation book cs1">Voogd, Jan (2008). Race Riots and Resistance: the Red Summer of 1919. Peter Lang Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433100673" title="Special:BookSources/9781433100673"><bdi>9781433100673</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+Riots+and+Resistance%3A+the+Red+Summer+of+1919&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781433100673&rft.aulast=Voogd&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 81–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/355094296/?match=1&terms=%22Robert%20Robinson%22">https://www.newspapers.com/image/355094296/?match=1&terms=%22Robert%20Robinson%22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recordsofrights.org/records/342/john-hartfield-will-be-lynched">"3,000 Will Burn Negro — John Hartfield Will Be Lynched by Ellisville Mob at 5 o'clock This Afternoon — Negro Jerky and Sullen as Burning Hour Nears"</a>. New Orleans States (reprinted from Jackspn Daily News). June 26, 1919. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180420134709/http://recordsofrights.org/records/342/john-hartfield-will-be-lynched">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Orleans+States+%28reprinted+from+Jackspn+Daily+News%29&rft.atitle=3%2C000+Will+Burn+Negro+%E2%80%94+John+Hartfield+Will+Be+Lynched+by+Ellisville+Mob+at+5+o%27clock+This+Afternoon+%E2%80%94+Negro+Jerky+and+Sullen+as+Burning+Hour+Nears&rft.date=1919-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frecordsofrights.org%2Frecords%2F342%2Fjohn-hartfield-will-be-lynched&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynching-394">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynching_394-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywoodHoward1932" class="citation book cs1">Haywood, Harry; Howard, Milton (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/32HaywoodhowardLynching">Lynching</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lynching&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Howard%2C+Milton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F32HaywoodhowardLynching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=6wkUJDyw&id=6835EE40AF416E03F9EF6E98B8B0ABB9C62558F5&thid=OIP.6wkUJDywKhREzkg-CXecYAHaJU&mediaurl=https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.eb0914243cb02a1444ce483e09779c60?rik=9VglxrmrsLiYbg&riu=http%253a%252f%252fwww.cardcow.com%252fvalues%252fimages%252f321011667763.jpg&ehk=heDkIx9YSjUbjhXp%252buC%252b3K8W9awYk7yKT%252ft0O5grg%252fM%253d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0&sres=1&sresct=1&srh=800&srw=636&exph=400&expw=318&q=John+Hartfield+Lynching+Ellisville+MS&simid=607998087563973926&FORM=IRPRST&ck=A8B064497B8201D261BBB69BB60E4D22&selectedIndex=2&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0">"John Hartfield Lynching Ellisville MS – Bing"</a>. www.bing.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bing.com&rft.atitle=John+Hartfield+Lynching+Ellisville+MS+%E2%80%93+Bing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2Fimages%2Fsearch%3Fview%3DdetailV2%26ccid%3D6wkUJDyw%26id%3D6835EE40AF416E03F9EF6E98B8B0ABB9C62558F5%26thid%3DOIP.6wkUJDywKhREzkg-CXecYAHaJU%26mediaurl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fth.bing.com%2Fth%2Fid%2FR.eb0914243cb02a1444ce483e09779c60%3Frik%3D9VglxrmrsLiYbg%26riu%3Dhttp%25253a%25252f%25252fwww.cardcow.com%25252fvalues%25252fimages%25252f321011667763.jpg%26ehk%3DheDkIx9YSjUbjhXp%25252buC%25252b3K8W9awYk7yKT%25252ft0O5grg%25252fM%25253d%26risl%3D%26pid%3DImgRaw%26r%3D0%26sres%3D1%26sresct%3D1%26srh%3D800%26srw%3D636%26exph%3D400%26expw%3D318%26q%3DJohn%2BHartfield%2BLynching%2BEllisville%2BMS%26simid%3D607998087563973926%26FORM%3DIRPRST%26ck%3DA8B064497B8201D261BBB69BB60E4D22%26selectedIndex%3D2%26ajaxhist%3D0%26ajaxserp%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerald_Democrat19191-396"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerald_Democrat19191_396-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerald_Democrat1919">Herald Democrat 1919</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_Times-Dispatch19191-397"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichmond_Times-Dispatch19191_397-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichmond_Times-Dispatch1919">Richmond Times-Dispatch 1919</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerald_Democrat1919" class="citation news cs1">Herald Democrat (July 25, 1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=THD19190725-01.2.13&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------0-">"Teas mob hangs Negro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Herald_Democrat" title="The Herald Democrat">The Herald Democrat</a>. Leadville, Colorado. Retrieved August 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald+Democrat&rft.atitle=Teas+mob+hangs+Negro&rft.date=1919-07-25&rft.au=Herald+Democrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcolorado%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DTHD19190725-01.2.13%26e%3D-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------0-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond_Times-Dispatch1919" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch" title="Richmond Times-Dispatch">Richmond Times-Dispatch</a> (August 3, 1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1919-08-03/ed-1/seq-1/#">"Four Held In Lynching"</a>. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia: Times Dispatch Pub. Co. pp. 1–54. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2333-7761">2333-7761</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9493729">9493729</a>. Retrieved August 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Times-Dispatch&rft.atitle=Four+Held+In+Lynching&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=1919-08-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9493729&rft.issn=2333-7761&rft.au=Richmond+Times-Dispatch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83045389%2F1919-08-03%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chicagoraceriot.org/the-killed/eugene-williams/">"Commemorating the Killed"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorating+the+Killed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchicagoraceriot.org%2Fthe-killed%2Feugene-williams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ObeCox-402"><a href="#cite_ref-ObeCox_402-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrundage1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Fitzhugh_Brundage" class="mw-redirect" title="William Fitzhugh Brundage">Brundage, William Fitzhugh</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lynchinginnewsou0000brun">Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880–1930</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252063459" title="Special:BookSources/9780252063459"><bdi>9780252063459</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lynching+in+the+New+South%3A+Georgia+and+Virginia%2C+1880%E2%80%931930&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780252063459&rft.aulast=Brundage&rft.aufirst=William+Fitzhugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flynchinginnewsou0000brun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> - Total pages: 375 </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88084272/1919-09-15/ed-1/seq-5/">"Thousand View Bodies of Unnaturalized Mexicans lynched at Pueblo, Colo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Paso_Herald-Post" title="El Paso Herald-Post">El Paso Herald</a>. E. W. Scripps Company. September 15, 1919. pp. 1–16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0746-360X">0746-360X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9978583">9978583</a>. Retrieved March 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Paso+Herald&rft.atitle=Thousand+View+Bodies+of+Unnaturalized+Mexicans+lynched+at+Pueblo%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=1919-09-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9978583&rft.issn=0746-360X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn88084272%2F1919-09-15%2Fed-1%2Fseq-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Advertiser-404">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Advertiser_404-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Advertiser_404-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Advertiser_404-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyman2018" class="citation news cs1">Lyman, Brian (April 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2018/04/20/there-lynchings-how-advertiser-failed-victims-racial-terror-eji-peace-justice-memorial-montgomery/499656002/">"'There will be lynchings': How the Advertiser failed victims of racial terror"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Advertiser" title="Montgomery Advertiser">Montgomery Advertiser</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222732/https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2018/04/20/there-lynchings-how-advertiser-failed-victims-racial-terror-eji-peace-justice-memorial-montgomery/499656002/">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montgomery+Advertiser&rft.atitle=%27There+will+be+lynchings%27%3A+How+the+Advertiser+failed+victims+of+racial+terror&rft.date=2018-04-20&rft.aulast=Lyman&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montgomeryadvertiser.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2018%2F04%2F20%2Fthere-lynchings-how-advertiser-failed-victims-racial-terror-eji-peace-justice-memorial-montgomery%2F499656002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumanities1919" class="citation web cs1">Humanities, National Endowment for the (November 15, 1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86056950/1919-11-15/ed-1/seq-1/">"The Chicago whip. (Chicago, Ill.) 1919-19??, November 15, 1919, Image 1"</a> – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chicago+whip.+%28Chicago%2C+Ill.%29+1919-19%3F%3F%2C+November+15%2C+1919%2C+Image+1&rft.date=1919-11-15&rft.aulast=Humanities&rft.aufirst=National+Endowment+for+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn86056950%2F1919-11-15%2Fed-1%2Fseq-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Without_Sanctuary_#_12_picture-406">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Without_Sanctuary_#_12_picture_406-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Without_Sanctuary_#_12_picture_406-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_12.html">"#12 Unidentified male"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Unidentified lynching of an African American male. Circa 1908, Oxford, Georgia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2312+Unidentified+male&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America. Henry Holt and Company. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry_Scott_NYNW-408"><a href="#cite_ref-Henry_Scott_NYNW_408-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Woman's Impatience Revealed as Cause of Porter's Death". New York Negro World. May 29, 1920. <q>The woman sent a telegram to the next station stating that Scott had insulted her. When the train stopped, Scott was removed by a deputy sheriff. From there the story followed the usual lynching pattern. A mob "over-powered" the sheriff and killed the Negro. The coroner's jury returned the usual verdict, "Death at the hands of parties unknown."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Woman%27s+Impatience+Revealed+as+Cause+of+Porter%27s+Death&rft.date=1920-05-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_24.html">"#24 Elias Clayton"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of nineteen-year-old Elias Clayton, nineteen-year-old Elmer Jackson, and twenty-year-old Isaac McGhie. June 15, 1920, Duluth, Minnesota.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2324+Elias+Clayton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnhs-410"><a href="#cite_ref-mnhs_410-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.mnhs.org/duluthlynchings/incarcerations">"Duluth Lynchings: On line Resource"</a>. Minnesota Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221224830/http://collections.mnhs.org/DuluthLynchings/incarcerations">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2006. Retrieved July 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duluth+Lynchings%3A+On+line+Resource&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.mnhs.org%2Fduluthlynchings%2Fincarcerations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lige_Daniels-411"><a href="#cite_ref-Lige_Daniels_411-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abhmuseum.org/lige-daniels/">"America's Black Holocaust Museum | Lige Daniels"</a>. abhmuseum.org. April 10, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616122906/https://abhmuseum.org/lige-daniels/">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abhmuseum.org&rft.atitle=America%27s+Black+Holocaust+Museum+%26%23124%3B+Lige+Daniels&rft.date=2018-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabhmuseum.org%2Flige-daniels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_49.html">"#49 Lige Daniels"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Lige Daniels. Onlookers, including young boys. August 3, 1920, Center, Texas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2349+Lige+Daniels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_49.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tulsaworld.com/tulsa-race-massacre-a-pair-of-lynchings-year-before-massacre-shook-tulsa/article_72a4115e-541c-54b6-b765-79d3276c6f4b.html">"A pair of lynchings year before massacre shook Tulsa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_World" title="Tulsa World">Tulsa World</a>. May 31, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704022302/https://www.tulsaworld.com/tulsa-race-massacre-a-pair-of-lynchings-year-before-massacre-shook-tulsa/article_72a4115e-541c-54b6-b765-79d3276c6f4b.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+World&rft.atitle=A+pair+of+lynchings+year+before+massacre+shook+Tulsa&rft.date=2020-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulsaworld.com%2Ftulsa-race-massacre-a-pair-of-lynchings-year-before-massacre-shook-tulsa%2Farticle_72a4115e-541c-54b6-b765-79d3276c6f4b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project_of_the_Work_Projects_Administration_for_the_State_of_Florida" class="citation web cs1">Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Florida. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.lib.usf.edu/SFS0021874/00001">"The Ocoee Riot"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211717/http://digital.lib.usf.edu/SFS0021874/00001">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ocoee+Riot&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project+of+the+Work+Projects+Administration+for+the+State+of+Florida&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.usf.edu%2FSFS0021874%2F00001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19201227&id=IdIrAAAAIBAJ&pg=3640,4987932&hl=en">"Negro Is Lynched by Arkansas Mob"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ellensburg_Daily_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellensburg Daily Record">Ellensburg Daily Record</a>. December 27, 1920. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308160703/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19201227&id=IdIrAAAAIBAJ&pg=3640,4987932&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ellensburg+Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Negro+Is+Lynched+by+Arkansas+Mob&rft.date=1920-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D860%26dat%3D19201227%26id%3DIdIrAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3640%2C4987932%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/418232092">"The Lynching of Jess Eley as submitted to the National Peace Museum Montgomery Alabama"</a>. June 20, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184533/https://vimeo.com/418232092">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2020 – via Vimeo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lynching+of+Jess+Eley+as+submitted+to+the+National+Peace+Museum+Montgomery+Alabama&rft.date=2020-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F418232092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/documents/view?doc_id=6000000167967538069">"Hanging of Jesse Eley"</a>. Geni. December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geni&rft.atitle=Hanging+of+Jesse+Eley&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fdocuments%2Fview%3Fdoc_id%3D6000000167967538069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/447">"Lynching of Henry Cade – November 20, 1921"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506205701/http://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/447">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+of+Henry+Cade+%E2%80%93+November+20%2C+1921&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/456#&gid=1&pid=1">"Lynching of "Curly" Hackney – December 13, 1921"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184742/https://www.lynchingintexas.org/items/show/456#&gid=1&pid=1">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynching+of+%22Curly%22+Hackney+%E2%80%93+December+13%2C+1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynchingintexas.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F456%23%26gid%3D1%26pid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MP19211214.2.50">"Morning Press 14 December 1921 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morning+Press+14+December+1921+%E2%80%94+California+Digital+Newspaper+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DMP19211214.2.50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192616-421"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192616_421-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary1926">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary 1926</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617-422">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary192617_422-19">t</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary1926">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary 1926</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Atlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal'',_January_31,19222-423"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Atlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal'',_January_31,19222_423-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAtlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal,_January_31,1922">Atlanta Tri-Weekly Journal, January 31, 1922</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_North_Mississippi_Herald'',_March_17,19224-424"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_North_Mississippi_Herald'',_March_17,19224_424-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_North_Mississippi_Herald,_March_17,1922">The North Mississippi Herald, March 17, 1922</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFENWICK2022" class="citation web cs1">FENWICK, TYLER (March 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianapolisrecorder.com/lynching-victim-remembered-100-years-later-with-headstone-corrected-death-certificate/">"Lynching victim remembered 100 years later with headstone, corrected death certificate"</a>. Indianapolis Recorder. Retrieved March 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indianapolis+Recorder&rft.atitle=Lynching+victim+remembered+100+years+later+with+headstone%2C+corrected+death+certificate&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.aulast=FENWICK&rft.aufirst=TYLER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianapolisrecorder.com%2Flynching-victim-remembered-100-years-later-with-headstone-corrected-death-certificate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''East_Mississippi_Times'',_March_24,19224-426"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''East_Mississippi_Times'',_March_24,19224_426-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEast_Mississippi_Times,_March_24,1922">East Mississippi Times, March 24, 1922</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Birmingham_Age-Herald'',_March_19,19221-427"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Birmingham_Age-Herald'',_March_19,19221_427-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Birmingham_Age-Herald,_March_19,1922">The Birmingham Age-Herald, March 19, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_times-Dispatch_'',_March_19,19221-428"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_times-Dispatch_'',_March_19,19221_428-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichmond_times-Dispatch_,_March_19,1922">Richmond times-Dispatch , March 19, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Great_Falls_Tribune'',_March_20,19223-429"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Great_Falls_Tribune'',_March_20,19223_429-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreat_Falls_Tribune,_March_20,1922">Great Falls Tribune, March 20, 1922</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Pensacola_Journal'',_July_6,19222-430"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Pensacola_Journal'',_July_6,19222_430-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Pensacola_Journal,_July_6,1922">The Pensacola Journal, July 6, 1922</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Chicago_Whip'',_July_15,19221-431"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Chicago_Whip'',_July_15,19221_431-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Chicago_Whip,_July_15,1922">The Chicago Whip, July 15, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_July_7,19221-432"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_July_7,19221_432-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvening_Star,_July_7,1922">Evening Star, July 7, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Brunswick_News'',_July_25,19221-433"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Brunswick_News'',_July_25,19221_433-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Brunswick_News,_July_25,1922">The Brunswick News, July 25, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Pensacola_Journal'',_July_26,19222-434"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Pensacola_Journal'',_July_26,19222_434-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Pensacola_Journal,_July_26,1922">The Pensacola Journal, July 26, 1922</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Little_River_News'',_August_2,19221-435"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Little_River_News'',_August_2,19221_435-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Little_River_News,_August_2,1922">The Little River News, August 2, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_Planet'',_August_5,19228-436"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_Planet'',_August_5,19228_436-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichmond_Planet,_August_5,1922">Richmond Planet, August 5, 1922</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_Planet'',_August_12,19224-437"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Richmond_Planet'',_August_12,19224_437-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichmond_Planet,_August_12,1922">Richmond Planet, August 12, 1922</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New-York_Tribune'',_August_24,19229-438"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New-York_Tribune'',_August_24,19229_438-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNew-York_Tribune,_August_24,1922">New-York Tribune, August 24, 1922</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Brattleboro_Daily_Reformer'',_August_24,19221-439"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Brattleboro_Daily_Reformer'',_August_24,19221_439-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Brattleboro_Daily_Reformer,_August_24,1922">The Brattleboro Daily Reformer, August 24, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Capital_Journal'',_August_30,19221-440"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Capital_Journal'',_August_30,19221_440-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCapital_Journal,_August_30,1922">Capital Journal, August 30, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Ardmoreite'',_August_30,19221-441"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Ardmoreite'',_August_30,19221_441-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Daily_Ardmoreite,_August_30,1922">The Daily Ardmoreite, August 30, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Great_Falls_Tribune'',_September_3,19221-442"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Great_Falls_Tribune'',_September_3,19221_442-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreat_Falls_Tribune,_September_3,1922">Great Falls Tribune, September 3, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Palatka_Daily_News'',_September_3,19221-443">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Palatka_Daily_News'',_September_3,19221_443-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Palatka_Daily_News'',_September_3,19221_443-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPalatka_Daily_News,_September_3,1922">Palatka Daily News, September 3, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_September_3,19221-444">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_September_3,19221_444-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Evening_Star'',_September_3,19221_444-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvening_Star,_September_3,1922">Evening Star, September 3, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-445"><a href="#cite_ref-445">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digihum.libs.uga.edu/items/show/3713">"Jim Reed Long newspaper clipping · African American Experience in Athens"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jim+Reed+Long+newspaper+clipping+%C2%B7+African+American+Experience+in+Athens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigihum.libs.uga.edu%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F3713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Martinsburg_Journal'',_September_29,19222-446"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Martinsburg_Journal'',_September_29,19222_446-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartinsburg_Journal,_September_29,1922">Martinsburg Journal, September 29, 1922</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Atlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal'',_September_30,19222-447"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Atlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal'',_September_30,19222_447-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAtlanta_Tri-Weekly_Journal,_September_30,1922">Atlanta Tri-Weekly Journal, September 30, 1922</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New-York_Tribune'',_October_3,19221-448"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New-York_Tribune'',_October_3,19221_448-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNew-York_Tribune,_October_3,1922">New-York Tribune, October 3, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Dallas_Express'',_October_7,19221-449"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Dallas_Express'',_October_7,19221_449-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Dallas_Express,_October_7,1922">The Dallas Express, October 7, 1922</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''New_Britain_Herald_'',_October_3,192218-450"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''New_Britain_Herald_'',_October_3,192218_450-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNew_Britain_Herald_,_October_3,1922">New Britain Herald , October 3, 1922</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-451"><a href="#cite_ref-451">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2004" class="citation book cs1">Henry, C. Michael (June 3, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/racepovertydomes00henr">Race, poverty, and domestic policy</a>. New Haven : Yale University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300095418" title="Special:BookSources/9780300095418"><bdi>9780300095418</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race%2C+poverty%2C+and+domestic+policy&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=New+Haven+%3A+Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004-06-03&rft.isbn=9780300095418&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=C.+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fracepovertydomes00henr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-452"><a href="#cite_ref-452">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinzburg1988" class="citation book cs1">Ginzburg, Ralph (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/100yearsoflynchi00ralp">100 Years of Lynchings</a>. Black Classic Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/100yearsoflynchi00ralp/page/166">166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780933121188" title="Special:BookSources/9780933121188"><bdi>9780933121188</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Years+of+Lynchings&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Black+Classic+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780933121188&rft.aulast=Ginzburg&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F100yearsoflynchi00ralp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffith2019-453"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffith2019_453-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGriffith2019">Griffith 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-454"><a href="#cite_ref-454">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=81kEAAAAMBAJ&q=Abraham+Wilson+Newberry&pg=PA260">The Crisis</a>. The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc. October 1923. p. 260. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184719/https://books.google.com/books?id=81kEAAAAMBAJ&q=Abraham+Wilson+Newberry&pg=PA260">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=The+Crisis+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1923-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D81kEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DAbraham%2BWilson%2BNewberry%26pg%3DPA260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-455"><a href="#cite_ref-455">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarion2016" class="citation news cs1">Marion, Ann (September 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/higher_education/new-plaque-memorializes-lynching-victim-james-t-scott/article_a59c3b3a-8765-11e6-ae5c-b7b64a4a45ed.html">"New plaque memorializes 1923 lynching victim James T. Scott"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Missourian" title="Columbia Missourian">Columbia Missourian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030221/https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/higher_education/new-plaque-memorializes-lynching-victim-james-t-scott/article_a59c3b3a-8765-11e6-ae5c-b7b64a4a45ed.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2018. 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Samuel Smith, 15, Left hanging near home of Ike Eastwood, Whom he wounded Friday night"</a>. Nashville Tennessean. December 16, 1924. pp. 1, 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903013457/http://www.newspapers.com/image/178417744/">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2018. 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July 11, 1926, Eau Gallie, Florida.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2352+James+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_52.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-467"><a href="#cite_ref-467">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=STP19260818.2.9&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA-%22grand+lake+mystery%22-------0-----">"Grand Lake Mystery May Be Cleared Up"</a>. The Steamboat Pilot. Vol. 42, no. 5. Steamboat Springs, CO: Chas. A. Leckenby. 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Retrieved January 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+Lawrence%2C+July+5%2C+1933%2C+Birmingham&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbirminghamwatch.org%2Felizabeth-lawrence-july-5-1933-birmingham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-491"><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhate2017" class="citation news cs1">McPhate, Mike (November 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.californiasun.co/1933-san-jose-lynching-john-holmes-thomas-thurmond-brooke-hart-d0ef282554b3">"When a San Jose mob stormed a jail and lynched two men"</a>. The California Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184736/https://medium.californiasun.co/1933-san-jose-lynching-john-holmes-thomas-thurmond-brooke-hart-d0ef282554b3?gi=fc76e7c2e55">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+California+Sun&rft.atitle=When+a+San+Jose+mob+stormed+a+jail+and+lynched+two+men&rft.date=2017-11-29&rft.aulast=McPhate&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.californiasun.co%2F1933-san-jose-lynching-john-holmes-thomas-thurmond-brooke-hart-d0ef282554b3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/downloads/neu:4f17rd81k?datastream_id=content">"Texas Lynch Spirit Quieted by Sheriff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlanta Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a>. December 8, 1933. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211152726/https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/downloads/neu:4f17rd81k?datastream_id=content">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2024. Retrieved December 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Texas+Lynch+Spirit+Quieted+by+Sheriff&rft.date=1933-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.library.northeastern.edu%2Fdownloads%2Fneu%3A4f17rd81k%3Fdatastream_id%3Dcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-493"><a href="#cite_ref-493">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBills2018" class="citation web cs1">Bills, E.R. (December 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fwweekly.com/2018/12/06/the-last-man-burned-at-the-stake-in-texas/">"The Last Man Burned at the Stake in Texas"</a>. Fort Worth Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211152153/https://www.fwweekly.com/2018/12/06/the-last-man-burned-at-the-stake-in-texas/">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2024. Retrieved December 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fort+Worth+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Last+Man+Burned+at+the+Stake+in+Texas&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.aulast=Bills&rft.aufirst=E.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fwweekly.com%2F2018%2F12%2F06%2Fthe-last-man-burned-at-the-stake-in-texas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-494"><a href="#cite_ref-494">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/downloads/neu:4f17rd81k?datastream_id=content">"Mob Spirit Dies After Texas Lynching"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Houston_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Houston Chronicle">The Houston Chronicle</a>. December 9, 1933. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211152726/https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/downloads/neu:4f17rd81k?datastream_id=content">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2024. Retrieved December 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Mob+Spirit+Dies+After+Texas+Lynching&rft.date=1933-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.library.northeastern.edu%2Fdownloads%2Fneu%3A4f17rd81k%3Fdatastream_id%3Dcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guzzo-495"><a href="#cite_ref-Guzzo_495-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuzzo2022" class="citation news cs1">Guzzo, Ppaul (March 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/life-culture/history/2022/03/31/tampas-lynching-memorial-has-an-approved-location-and-wording/">"Tampa lynching memorial's location, wording is set"</a>. Tampa Times. Retrieved April 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tampa+lynching+memorial%27s+location%2C+wording+is+set&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.aulast=Guzzo&rft.aufirst=Ppaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Flife-culture%2Fhistory%2F2022%2F03%2F31%2Ftampas-lynching-memorial-has-an-approved-location-and-wording%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Graves-496"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Graves_496-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/jan/28">"Black Man Wrongly Arrested and Jailed; Lynched Days Later in Tampa, Florida"</a>. Equal Justice Initiative. Retrieved April 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Man+Wrongly+Arrested+and+Jailed%3B+Lynched+Days+Later+in+Tampa%2C+Florida&rft.pub=Equal+Justice+Initiative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.eji.org%2Fracial-injustice%2Fjan%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_75.html">"#75 Two unidentified males"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>Lynching of two unidentified African American males, white man squatting, hides face as he stills corpses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2375+Two+unidentified+males&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_75.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortlauderdalemagazine.com/his-name-was-rubin-stacy/">"His Name Was Rubin Stacy"</a>. Fort Lauderdale Magazine. August 1, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200721181801/https://fortlauderdalemagazine.com/his-name-was-rubin-stacy/">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fort+Lauderdale+Magazine&rft.atitle=His+Name+Was+Rubin+Stacy&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortlauderdalemagazine.com%2Fhis-name-was-rubin-stacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-499"><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolin2010" class="citation news cs1">Nolin, Robert (July 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724122127/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-07-17/news/fl-reuben-stacey-lynching-20100719_1_lynched-white-woman-reuben-stacey">"Mob lynched black man in Fort Lauderdale 75 years ago"</a>. Sun-Sentinel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-07-17/news/fl-reuben-stacey-lynching-20100719_1_lynched-white-woman-reuben-stacey">the original</a> on July 24, 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Mob+lynched+black+man+in+Fort+Lauderdale+75+years+ago&rft.date=2010-07-17&rft.aulast=Nolin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2010-07-17%2Fnews%2Ffl-reuben-stacey-lynching-20100719_1_lynched-white-woman-reuben-stacey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1988" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Bryan (July 17, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180112214848/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1988-07-17/features/8802110707_1_black-man-lynching-pine-tree">"The Day They Lynched Reuben Stacey"</a>. Sun-Sentinel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1988-07-17/features/8802110707_1_black-man-lynching-pine-tree">the original</a> on January 12, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=The+Day+They+Lynched+Reuben+Stacey&rft.date=1988-07-17&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F1988-07-17%2Ffeatures%2F8802110707_1_black-man-lynching-pine-tree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-501"><a href="#cite_ref-501">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan2022" class="citation news cs1">Bryan, Susannah (February 9, 2022). "Cheers and tears. A lynch mob killed Reuben Stacy. Now, a street sign bears his name". <a href="/wiki/Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-Sentinel">Sun-Sentinel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale, Florida</a>). p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sun-Sentinel+%28Fort+Lauderdale%2C+Florida%29&rft.atitle=Cheers+and+tears.+A+lynch+mob+killed+Reuben+Stacy.+Now%2C+a+street+sign+bears+his+name&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Susannah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-502"><a href="#cite_ref-502">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_51.html">"#51 Rubin Stacy"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The lynching of Rubin Stacy. Onlookers, including four young girls.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%2351+Rubin+Stacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_51.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-503"><a href="#cite_ref-503">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odmp.org/officer/3907-chief-of-police-frank-r-daw">"Chief of Police Frank R. Daw"</a>. The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP). Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Officer+Down+Memorial+Page+%28ODMP%29&rft.atitle=Chief+of+Police+Frank+R.+Daw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odmp.org%2Fofficer%2F3907-chief-of-police-frank-r-daw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_01.html">"#1 Clyde Johnson"</a>. Without Sanctuary. <q>The corpse of Clyde Johnson. August 3, 1935. Yreka, California.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Without+Sanctuary&rft.atitle=%231+Clyde+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwithoutsanctuary.org%2Fpics_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPB2HkTZsuo">"The Last Lynching in California"</a>. YCTV4. July 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Last+Lynching+in+California&rft.pub=YCTV4&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DgPB2HkTZsuo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregory-506"><a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_506-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory2018" class="citation news cs1">Gregory, Vanessa (April 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/25/magazine/a-lynchings-long-shadow.html">"A Lynching's Long Shadow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Magazine">New York Times Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510054208/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/25/magazine/a-lynchings-long-shadow.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Lynching%27s+Long+Shadow&rft.date=2018-04-25&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F25%2Fmagazine%2Fa-lynchings-long-shadow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-507"><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19370414.2.2&">"Madera Tribune April 14, 1937 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"</a>. cdnc.ucr.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184743/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19370414.2.2">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdnc.ucr.edu&rft.atitle=Madera+Tribune+April+14%2C+1937+%E2%80%94+California+Digital+Newspaper+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DMT19370414.2.2%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-508"><a href="#cite_ref-508">^</a> [Howard, W. T. (1988). Vigilante Justice and National Reaction: The 1937 Tallahassee Double Lynching. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 67(1), 32–51. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/30147922">http://www.jstor.org/stable/30147922</a> ] </li> <li id="cite_note-509"><a href="#cite_ref-509">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wEUEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Lynching&pg=PA30">Life Magazine August 30, 1937</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-510"><a href="#cite_ref-enc_510-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2017" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Kathy (2017). 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August 29, 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143315/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-08-29/news/9308290356_1_pellett-levinson-kohut">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Teen+Describes+How+2+Men+Set+Black+Tourist+On+Fire&rft.date=1993-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2F1993%2F08%2F29%2Fteen-describes-how-2-men-set-black-tourist-on-fire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-534"><a href="#cite_ref-534">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/rasheem-carter-was-lynched-mississippi-doj-cant-look-away-rcna77171">"Opinion | Rasheem Carter was lynched in Mississippi. The DOJ must act"</a>. MSNBC.com. March 29, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSNBC.com&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Rasheem+Carter+was+lynched+in+Mississippi.+The+DOJ+must+act.&rft.date=2023-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fopinion%2Fmsnbc-opinion%2Frasheem-carter-was-lynched-mississippi-doj-cant-look-away-rcna77171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+lynching+victims+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&oldid=1275043970">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States&oldid=1275043970</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_deaths_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Lynching deaths in the United States">Lynching deaths in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Legal history of the United States">Legal history of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Racially_motivated_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Racially motivated violence in the United States">Racially motivated violence in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Racially_motivated_violence_against_African_Americans" title="Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans">Racially motivated violence against African Americans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_African-American_people" title="Category:Lists of African-American people">Lists of African-American people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Death_in_the_United_States-related_lists" title="Category:Death in the United States-related lists">Death in the United States-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_murders" title="Category:Lists of murders">Lists of murders</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use American English from October 2020">Use American English from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2020">Use mdy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_August_2024" title="Category:Accuracy disputes from August 2024">Accuracy disputes from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2024">Articles needing additional references from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 February 2025, at 19:20 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-4ddn8","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.207","walltime":"4.443","ppvisitednodes":{"value":34480,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1082390,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8980,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1771857,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3621.560 1 -total"," 61.25% 2218.353 2 Template:Reflist"," 30.01% 1086.753 275 Template:Cite_web"," 23.74% 859.590 175 Template:Cite_news"," 8.31% 300.961 54 Template:Sfn"," 5.92% 214.371 37 Template:Cite_book"," 3.34% 120.896 21 Template:Rp"," 3.22% 116.492 1 Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States"," 3.13% 113.313 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 3.08% 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[\"CITEREFClarkWestwood2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCommentary2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCutler1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeWan1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeaderick2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDel_Nunzio\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelucia2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunne2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEast_Mississippi_Times,_March_24,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdna_E._KimbroAnthony_CrosbyE._Leroy_Tolles2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllsworth2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEqual_Justice_Initiative2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvening_Star,_July_7,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvening_Star,_September_3,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFENWICK2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahy2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarr1882\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederal_Writers\u0026#039;_Project_of_the_Work_Projects_Administration_for_the_State_of_Florida\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFried1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaddisKotch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeoffrey_Dunn1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGinzburg1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonzales-Day,_Ken2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrahame1925\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreat_Falls_Tribune,_March_20,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreat_Falls_Tribune,_September_3,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregory2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffith2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuzzo2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaag2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagburg2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarp2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaywoodHoward1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerald_Democrat1919\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilleary2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowe2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHui2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1870\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1882\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1892\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1899\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1902\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1903\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1915\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1919\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumanities1930\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyson2024\"] = 1,\n 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[\"CITEREFNew_Britain_Herald_,_October_3,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewton,_M.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNolin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalatka_Daily_News,_September_3,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPfeifer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPittsPate\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrince\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaper1933\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFReeve2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichmond_Planet,_August_12,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichmond_Planet,_August_5,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichmond_Times-Dispatch1919\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichmond_times-Dispatch_,_March_19,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobeson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomero2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoznowski2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell_Contreras2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalvetti2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSassoubre2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScruggs1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmallwood1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpahr2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStepzinski2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeachout,_Terry1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTebbe2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Birmingham_Age-Herald,_March_19,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Brattleboro_Daily_Reformer,_August_24,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Brunswick_News,_July_25,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Chicago_Whip,_July_15,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Daily_Ardmoreite,_August_30,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Dallas_Express,_October_7,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Little_River_News,_August_2,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_North_Mississippi_Herald,_March_17,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Pensacola_Journal,_July_26,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Pensacola_Journal,_July_6,1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas-Lester2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornbrough1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrigg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUtley2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVillanueva,_Nicholas2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoogd2008\"] = 1,\n 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