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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Modern classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hybrid_berries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_berries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Hybrid berries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_berries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rubus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="عليق (جنس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عليق (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moruq" title="Moruq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Moruq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بوی تیکان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوی تیکان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маліна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маліна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Къпина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Къпина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%91%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D2%AB%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хӑмла ҫырли – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хӑмла ҫырли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostru%C5%BEin%C3%ADk" title="Ostružiník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ostružiník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromb%C3%A6r" title="Brombær – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brombær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1%C4%91otmuorjjit" title="Váđotmuorjjit – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Váđotmuorjjit" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murakas" title="Murakas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Murakas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Βατομουριά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βατομουριά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubuso_(genro)" title="Rubuso (genro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rubuso (genro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="تمشک (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تمشک (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%94%B8%EA%B8%B0%EC%86%8D" title="산딸기속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산딸기속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Մորենի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մորենի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86ernjowc" title="Ćernjowc – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ćernjowc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupina_(biljni_rod)" title="Kupina (biljni rod) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kupina (biljni rod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesusur" title="Kesusur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesusur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81" title="Рубус – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рубус" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klungur" title="Klungur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Klungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%9C_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="פטל (סוג) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטל (סוג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diri%C5%9Fk" title="Dirişk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dirişk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervuog%C4%97_(gentis)" title="Gervuogė (gentis) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gervuogė (gentis)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brie%C3%ABme" title="Brieëme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Brieëme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeder" title="Szeder – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szeder" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82" title="عليق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عليق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B4" title="تمش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تمش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braam_(geslacht)" title="Braam (geslacht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Braam (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummel" title="Brummel – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Brummel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%81%E3%82%B4%E5%B1%9E" title="キイチゴ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キイチゴ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beienbosker" title="Beienbosker – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Beienbosker" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rneb%C3%A6rslekta" title="Bjørnebærslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bjørnebærslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rneb%C3%A6rslekta" title="Bjørnebærslekta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bjørnebærslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" title="Rome – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rome" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BCyna" title="Jeżyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jeżyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khari-khari" title="Khari-khari – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Khari-khari" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Малина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramble" title="Bramble – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bramble" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9b%C3%A9r%C3%A9t%C3%A9an" title="Bébérétéan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bébérétéan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatukat" title="Vatukat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vatukat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallonsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Hallonsläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hallonsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axlij" title="Axlij – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Axlij" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tizwal" title="Tizwal – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tizwal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4)" title="Ожина (рід) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ожина (рід)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_M%C3%A2m_x%C3%B4i" title="Chi Mâm xôi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Mâm xôi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rubus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AC%E9%92%A9%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%9E" title="悬钩子属 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="悬钩子属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%B1r%C4%B1ke" title="Dırıke – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dırıke" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AC%E9%92%A9%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%9E" title="悬钩子属 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="悬钩子属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q602740#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bramble" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bramble_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bramble (disambiguation)">Bramble (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Rubus</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Eocene–Recent</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.04615384615px; width:18.953846153846px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.04615384615px; width:18.953846153846px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:202.04615384615px; width:16.953846153846px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:-2020-09-23_Blackberrys,_Coast_Path,_Trimingham.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/-2020-09-23_Blackberrys%2C_Coast_Path%2C_Trimingham.JPG/280px--2020-09-23_Blackberrys%2C_Coast_Path%2C_Trimingham.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/-2020-09-23_Blackberrys%2C_Coast_Path%2C_Trimingham.JPG/420px--2020-09-23_Blackberrys%2C_Coast_Path%2C_Trimingham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/-2020-09-23_Blackberrys%2C_Coast_Path%2C_Trimingham.JPG/560px--2020-09-23_Blackberrys%2C_Coast_Path%2C_Trimingham.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Blackberry bush with ripe and unripe fruit </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Rubus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rubeae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Rubus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a><sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fruticosus" title="Rubus fruticosus">Rubus fruticosus</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">L.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-POWO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ametron</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ampomele</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Batidaea</i> (Dumort.) Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Bossekia</i> Neck. ex Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Calyctenium</i> Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cardiobatus</i> Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Chamaemorus</i> Hill </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Comarobatia</i> Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cumbata</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cylactis</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Dalibarda</i> Kalm </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Dyctisperma</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Idaeobatus</i> (Focke) Börner </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Manteia</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Melanobatus</i> Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Oligacis</i> Raf. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Oreobatus</i> Rydb. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Parmena</i> Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Psychrobatia</i> Greene </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Rubacer</i> Rydb. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Selnorition</i> Raf. </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Rubus</b></i> is a large and diverse <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of flowering plants in the rose family, <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>, subfamily <a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a>, commonly known as <b>brambles</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dict_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fruits of various species are known as <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewberry" title="Dewberry">dewberries</a>, and <b>bristleberries</b>. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rubus_species" title="List of Rubus species"><i>Rubus</i> species</a> varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The <i>Rubus</i> <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">aggregate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Drupelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Drupelet">drupelets</a>. The term "cane fruit" or "cane berry" applies to any <i>Rubus</i> species or <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as <a href="/wiki/Loganberry" title="Loganberry">loganberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boysenberry" title="Boysenberry">boysenberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marionberry" title="Marionberry">marionberry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tayberry" title="Tayberry">tayberry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GYOF_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GYOF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bramble bushes typically grow as <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a> (though a few are <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous</a>), with their stems being typically covered in sharp <a href="/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles" title="Thorns, spines, and prickles">prickles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-treesandshrubsonline_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treesandshrubsonline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They grow long, arching shoots that readily root upon contact with soil,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and form a soil <a href="/wiki/Rootstock" title="Rootstock">rootstock</a> from which new shoots grow in the spring.<sup id="cite_ref-woodlands_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodlands-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are either <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simple_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple leaf">simple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobed" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobed">lobed</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Compound_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound leaf">compound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-treesandshrubsonline_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treesandshrubsonline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shoots typically do not flower or set <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> until the second year of growth (i.e. they are <a href="/wiki/Biennial_plant" title="Biennial plant">biennial</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-woodlands_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodlands-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rootstock is <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> are <a href="/wiki/Plant_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant sexuality">hermaphrodites</a> with male and female parts being present on the same flower.<sup id="cite_ref-treesandshrubsonline_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treesandshrubsonline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bramble fruits are <a href="/wiki/Fruit#Aggregate_fruit" title="Fruit">aggregate fruits</a> formed from smaller units called <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupelets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-woodlands_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodlands-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 60-70% of species of <i>Rubus</i> are <a href="/wiki/Polyploidy" title="Polyploidy">polyploid</a> (having more than two copies of each chromosome), with species ranging in <a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">ploidy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> (2x, with 14 chromosomes<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to tetradecaploid (14x).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_classification">Modern classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rubus</i> is the only genus in the tribe Rubeae.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Rubus</i> is very complex, particularly within the <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberry</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dewberry" title="Dewberry">dewberry</a> <a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenus</a> (<i>Rubus</i>), with polyploidy, <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridization</a>, and facultative <a href="/wiki/Apomixis" title="Apomixis">apomixis</a> apparently all frequently occurring, making species <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">classification</a> of the great variation in the subgenus one of the grand challenges of <a href="/wiki/Systematic_botany" class="mw-redirect" title="Systematic botany">systematic botany</a>. In publications between 1910 and 1914, German botanist <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Olbers_Focke" title="Wilhelm Olbers Focke">Wilhelm Olbers Focke</a> attempted to organize the genus into 12 subgenera, a classification system that since became widely accepted, though modern genetic studies have found that many of these subgenera are not <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some treatments have recognized dozens of species each for what other, comparably qualified botanists have considered single, more variable species. On the other hand, species in the other <i>Rubus</i> subgenera (such as the <a href="/wiki/Raspberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Raspberries">raspberries</a>) are generally distinct, or else involved in more routine one-or-a-few taxonomic debates, such as whether the European and American red raspberries are better treated as one species or two (in this case, the two-species view is followed here, with <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_idaeus" title="Rubus idaeus">R. idaeus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_strigosus" title="Rubus strigosus">R. strigosus</a></i> both recognized; if these species are combined, then the older name <i>R. idaeus</i> has priority for the broader species). </p><p>The classification presented below recognizes 13 subgenera within <i>Rubus</i>, with the largest subgenus (<i>Rubus</i>) in turn divided into 12 <a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">sections</a>. Representative examples are presented, but many more species are not mentioned here. A comprehensive 2019 study found subgenera <i>Orobatus</i> and <i>Anoplobatus</i> to be <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a>, while all other subgenera to be <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">polyphyletic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carter-2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter-2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The genus has a likely North American origin,<sup id="cite_ref-Carter-2019_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter-2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with fossils known from the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>-aged <a href="/wiki/Florissant_Formation" title="Florissant Formation">Florissant Formation</a> of Colorado, around 34 million years old.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rubus</i> expanded into Eurasia, South America, and Oceania during the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carter-2019_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter-2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">Fossil</a> seeds from the early <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> of <i>Rubus</i> have been found in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech</a> part of the <a href="/wiki/Zittau" title="Zittau">Zittau</a> Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many fossil fruits of †<i>Rubus laticostatus</i>, †<i>Rubus microspermus</i> and †<i>Rubus semirotundatus</i> have been extracted from bore hole samples of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Miocene" title="Middle Miocene">Middle Miocene</a> fresh water deposits in <a href="/wiki/Nowy_Sacz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nowy Sacz">Nowy Sacz</a> Basin, <a href="/wiki/West_Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="West Carpathians">West Carpathians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following <a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">morphological</a> data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rubus_species" title="List of Rubus species"><i>List of </i>Rubus<i> species</i></a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg/220px-Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg/330px-Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg/440px-Rubus_caesius_fruit_-_Keila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><i>Rubus caesius</i> berry</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_arcticus3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rubus_arcticus3.jpg/220px-Rubus_arcticus3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rubus_arcticus3.jpg/330px-Rubus_arcticus3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rubus_arcticus3.jpg/440px-Rubus_arcticus3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_arcticus" title="Rubus arcticus">R. arcticus</a></i> flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG/220px-Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG/330px-Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG/440px-Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_odoratus" title="Rubus odoratus"><i>R. odoratus</i></a> leaves and flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg/220px-Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg/330px-Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg/440px-Rubus_saxatilis02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_saxatilis" title="Rubus saxatilis"><i>R. saxatilis</i></a> leaves and berries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg/220px-Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg/330px-Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg/440px-Rubus_ellipticus_obcordatus_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ellipticus" title="Rubus ellipticus"><i>R. ellipticus</i> var. <i>obcordatus</i></a> leaves and flowers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aculi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Aculi.jpg/220px-Aculi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Aculi.jpg/330px-Aculi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Aculi.jpg/440px-Aculi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1113" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ulmifolius" title="Rubus ulmifolius">R. ulmifolius</a></i> prickles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg/220px-Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg/330px-Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg/440px-Rubus_chamaemorus_fruit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2153" data-file-height="2825" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">R. chamaemorus</a></i> fruit</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brombeerlaub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brombeerlaub.jpg/220px-Brombeerlaub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brombeerlaub.jpg/330px-Brombeerlaub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brombeerlaub.jpg/440px-Brombeerlaub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_caesius" title="Rubus caesius">R. caesius</a></i> leaf</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thimbleberry_flower_(Rubus_parviflorus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Thimbleberry_flower_%28Rubus_parviflorus%29.jpg/220px-Thimbleberry_flower_%28Rubus_parviflorus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Thimbleberry_flower_%28Rubus_parviflorus%29.jpg/330px-Thimbleberry_flower_%28Rubus_parviflorus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Thimbleberry_flower_%28Rubus_parviflorus%29.jpg/440px-Thimbleberry_flower_%28Rubus_parviflorus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_parviflorus" title="Rubus parviflorus">R. parviflorus</a></i> flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG/220px-Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG/330px-Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG/440px-Rubus_idaeus_leaf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_idaeus" title="Rubus idaeus"><i>R. idaeus</i></a> leaves</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackberry_flower_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blackberry_flower_01.jpg/220px-Blackberry_flower_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blackberry_flower_01.jpg/330px-Blackberry_flower_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blackberry_flower_01.jpg/440px-Blackberry_flower_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fruticosus" title="Rubus fruticosus"><i>R. fruticosus</i></a> flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg/220px-Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg/330px-Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg/440px-Bj%C3%B6rnb%C3%A4r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_laciniatus" title="Rubus laciniatus"><i>R. laciniatus</i></a> berries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg/220px-Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg/330px-Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg/440px-Starr_030419-0035_Rubus_hawaiensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hawaiensis" title="Rubus hawaiensis">R. hawaiensis</a></i> berry</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG/220px-Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG/330px-Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG/440px-Rubus_spectabilis_2566.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_spectabilis" title="Rubus spectabilis"><i>R. spectabilis</i> var. <i>spectabilis</i></a> flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raspberries_(40971).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Raspberries_%2840971%29.jpg/220px-Raspberries_%2840971%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Raspberries_%2840971%29.jpg/330px-Raspberries_%2840971%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Raspberries_%2840971%29.jpg/440px-Raspberries_%2840971%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2957" /></a><figcaption>Commercially produced <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_strigosus" title="Rubus strigosus">R. strigosus</a></i> raspberries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG/220px-Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG/330px-Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG/440px-Rubus_rosifolius1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rubus_rosifolius" title="Rubus rosifolius"><i>R. rosifolius</i></a> leaves and berry</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg/220px-Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg/330px-Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg/440px-Japanische_Weinbeere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_phoenicolasius" title="Rubus phoenicolasius">R. phoenicolasius</a></i> flowers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg/220px-Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg/330px-Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg/440px-Rubus_hirsutus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hirsutus" title="Rubus hirsutus">R. hirsutus</a></i> flowers</figcaption></figure> <p>Better-known species of <i>Rubus</i> include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_aboriginum" title="Rubus aboriginum">Rubus aboriginum</a></i> – garden dewberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_allegheniensis" title="Rubus allegheniensis">Rubus allegheniensis</a></i> – Allegheny blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_arcticus" title="Rubus arcticus">Rubus arcticus</a></i> – Arctic raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_argutus" title="Rubus argutus">Rubus argutus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_armeniacus" title="Rubus armeniacus">Rubus armeniacus</a></i> – Himalayan blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_caesius" title="Rubus caesius">Rubus caesius</a></i> – European dewberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_canadensis" title="Rubus canadensis">Rubus canadensis</a></i> – smooth blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Rubus chamaemorus</a></i> – cloudberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_cockburnianus" title="Rubus cockburnianus">Rubus cockburnianus</a></i> – white-stemmed bramble</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_coreanus" title="Rubus coreanus">Rubus coreanus</a></i> – bokbunja</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_crataegifolius" title="Rubus crataegifolius">Rubus crataegifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_deliciosus" title="Rubus deliciosus">Rubus deliciosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_domingensis" title="Rubus domingensis">Rubus domingensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ellipticus" title="Rubus ellipticus">Rubus ellipticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_flagellaris" title="Rubus flagellaris">Rubus flagellaris</a></i> – northern dewberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fraxinifolius" title="Rubus fraxinifolius">Rubus fraxinifolius</a></i> – mountain raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_glaucus" title="Rubus glaucus">Rubus glaucus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hawaiensis" title="Rubus hawaiensis">Rubus hawaiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hayata-koidzumii" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus hayata-koidzumii">Rubus hayata-koidzumii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hispidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus hispidus">Rubus hispidus</a></i> – swamp dewberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_idaeus" title="Rubus idaeus">Rubus idaeus</a></i> – red raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_illecebrosus" title="Rubus illecebrosus">Rubus illecebrosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_laciniatus" title="Rubus laciniatus">Rubus laciniatus</a></i> – cut-leaved blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_leucodermis" title="Rubus leucodermis">Rubus leucodermis</a></i> – whitebark raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_moluccanus" title="Rubus moluccanus">Rubus moluccanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_nepalensis" title="Rubus nepalensis">Rubus nepalensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_nivalis" title="Rubus nivalis">Rubus nivalis</a></i> – snow raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_niveus" title="Rubus niveus">Rubus niveus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_occidentalis" title="Rubus occidentalis">Rubus occidentalis</a></i> – black raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_odoratus" title="Rubus odoratus">Rubus odoratus</a></i> – purple-flowered raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_parviflorus" title="Rubus parviflorus">Rubus parviflorus</a></i> – thimbleberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pedatus" title="Rubus pedatus">Rubus pedatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pensilvanicus" title="Rubus pensilvanicus">Rubus pensilvanicus</a></i> – Pennsylvania blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_phoenicolasius" title="Rubus phoenicolasius">Rubus phoenicolasius</a></i> – wineberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_probus" title="Rubus probus">Rubus probus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pubescens" title="Rubus pubescens">Rubus pubescens</a></i> – dwarf raspberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_rosifolius" title="Rubus rosifolius">Rubus rosifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_saxatilis" title="Rubus saxatilis">Rubus saxatilis</a></i> – stone bramble</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_spectabilis" title="Rubus spectabilis">Rubus spectabilis</a></i> – salmonberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_tricolor" title="Rubus tricolor">Rubus tricolor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_trivialis" title="Rubus trivialis">Rubus trivialis</a></i> – Southern dewberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ulmifolius" title="Rubus ulmifolius">Rubus ulmifolius</a></i> – elm-leaved blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ursinus" title="Rubus ursinus">Rubus ursinus</a></i> – trailing blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_vestitus" title="Rubus vestitus">Rubus vestitus</a></i> – European blackberry</li></ul></div> <p>A more complete subdivision is as follows: </p> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><b>Subgenus <i>Anoplobatus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_aliceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus aliceae (page does not exist)">Rubus aliceae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_deliciosus" title="Rubus deliciosus">Rubus deliciosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_koehleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus koehleri (page does not exist)">Rubus koehleri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_neomexicanus" title="Rubus neomexicanus">Rubus neomexicanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_odoratus" title="Rubus odoratus">Rubus odoratus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_parviflorus" title="Rubus parviflorus">Rubus parviflorus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_subg._Chamaebatus" title="Rubus subg. Chamaebatus">Chamaebatus</a></i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_calycinus" title="Rubus calycinus">Rubus calycinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hayata-koidzumii" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus hayata-koidzumii">Rubus hayata-koidzumii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_nivalis" title="Rubus nivalis">Rubus nivalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pectinellus" title="Rubus pectinellus">Rubus pectinellus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Chamaemorus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Rubus chamaemorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pseudochamaemorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus pseudochamaemorus">Rubus pseudochamaemorus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Comaropsis</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_geoides" title="Rubus geoides">Rubus geoides</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Cylactis</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_arcticus" title="Rubus arcticus">Rubus arcticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_fockeanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus fockeanus (page does not exist)">Rubus fockeanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_humulifolius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus humulifolius (page does not exist)">Rubus humulifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_lasiococcus" title="Rubus lasiococcus">Rubus lasiococcus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pedatus" title="Rubus pedatus">Rubus pedatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_saxatilis" title="Rubus saxatilis">Rubus saxatilis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_sierrae" title="Rubus sierrae">Rubus sierrae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_xanthocarpus" title="Rubus xanthocarpus">Rubus xanthocarpus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Diemenicus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_gunnianus" title="Rubus gunnianus">Rubus gunnianus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Dalibardastrum</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_amphidasys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus amphidasys (page does not exist)">Rubus amphidasys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_nepalensis" title="Rubus nepalensis">Rubus nepalensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_tricolor" title="Rubus tricolor">Rubus tricolor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_tsangiorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus tsangiorum (page does not exist)">Rubus tsangiorum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Idaeobatus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_acuminatissimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus acuminatissimus (page does not exist)">Rubus acuminatissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_adenophorus" title="Rubus adenophorus">Rubus adenophorus</a></i> (syn. <i>R. sagatus</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_alexeterius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus alexeterius (page does not exist)">Rubus alexeterius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_alpestris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus alpestris (page does not exist)">Rubus alpestris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_amabilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus amabilis">Rubus amabilis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_apetalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus apetalus (page does not exist)">Rubus apetalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_archboldianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus archboldianus (page does not exist)">Rubus archboldianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_aurantiacus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus aurantiacus (page does not exist)">Rubus aurantiacus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_biflorus" title="Rubus biflorus">Rubus biflorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_chingii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus chingii (page does not exist)">Rubus chingii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_cockburnianus" title="Rubus cockburnianus">Rubus cockburnianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_columellaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus columellaris (page does not exist)">Rubus columellaris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_copelandii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus copelandii (page does not exist)">Rubus copelandii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_corchorifolius" title="Rubus corchorifolius">Rubus corchorifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_coreanus" title="Rubus coreanus">Rubus coreanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_crataegifolius" title="Rubus crataegifolius">Rubus crataegifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_croceacanthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus croceacanthus (page does not exist)">Rubus croceacanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ellipticus" title="Rubus ellipticus">Rubus ellipticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_eustephanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus eustephanos (page does not exist)">Rubus eustephanos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_flosculosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus flosculosus (page does not exist)">Rubus flosculosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fraxinifolius" title="Rubus fraxinifolius">Rubus fraxinifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_glabricarpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus glabricarpus (page does not exist)">Rubus glabricarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_grayanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus grayanus (page does not exist)">Rubus grayanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hawaiensis" title="Rubus hawaiensis">Rubus hawaiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hirsutus" title="Rubus hirsutus">Rubus hirsutus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_hoffmeisterianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus hoffmeisterianus (page does not exist)">Rubus hoffmeisterianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_hypargyrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus hypargyrus (page does not exist)">Rubus hypargyrus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_idaeus" title="Rubus idaeus">Rubus idaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_illecebrosus" title="Rubus illecebrosus">Rubus illecebrosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_innominatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus innominatus (page does not exist)">Rubus innominatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_inopertus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus inopertus (page does not exist)">Rubus inopertus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_irritans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus irritans (page does not exist)">Rubus irritans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_komarovii" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus komarovii">Rubus komarovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_lasiostylus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus lasiostylus (page does not exist)">Rubus lasiostylus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_leucodermis" title="Rubus leucodermis">Rubus leucodermis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_ludwigii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus ludwigii (page does not exist)">Rubus ludwigii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_lutescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus lutescens (page does not exist)">Rubus lutescens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_macilentus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus macilentus (page does not exist)">Rubus macilentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_macraei" title="Rubus macraei">Rubus macraei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_mesogaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus mesogaeus (page does not exist)">Rubus mesogaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_microphyllus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus microphyllus (page does not exist)">Rubus microphyllus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_minusculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus minusculus">Rubus minusculus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_niveus" title="Rubus niveus">Rubus niveus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_occidentalis" title="Rubus occidentalis">Rubus occidentalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_palmatus" title="Rubus palmatus">Rubus palmatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_parvifolius" title="Rubus parvifolius">Rubus parvifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_peltatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus peltatus (page does not exist)">Rubus peltatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_pentagonus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus pentagonus (page does not exist)">Rubus pentagonus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_phoenicolasius" title="Rubus phoenicolasius">Rubus phoenicolasius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_pileatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus pileatus (page does not exist)">Rubus pileatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_pinfaensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus pinfaensis (page does not exist)">Rubus pinfaensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pinnatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus pinnatus">Rubus pinnatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_probus" title="Rubus probus">Rubus probus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_pungens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus pungens (page does not exist)">Rubus pungens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_queenslandicus" title="Rubus queenslandicus">Rubus queenslandicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_racemosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus racemosus (page does not exist)">Rubus racemosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_rigidus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus rigidus (page does not exist)">Rubus rigidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_rosifolius" title="Rubus rosifolius">Rubus rosifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_sachalinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus sachalinensis">Rubus sachalinensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_simplex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus simplex (page does not exist)">Rubus simplex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_spectabilis" title="Rubus spectabilis">Rubus spectabilis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_stans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus stans (page does not exist)">Rubus stans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_suavissimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus suavissimus (page does not exist)">Rubus suavissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_subornatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus subornatus (page does not exist)">Rubus subornatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_sumatranus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus sumatranus (page does not exist)">Rubus sumatranus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_teledapos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus teledapos (page does not exist)">Rubus teledapos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_thibetanus" title="Rubus thibetanus">Rubus thibetanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_trianthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus trianthus (page does not exist)">Rubus trianthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_trifidus" title="Rubus trifidus">Rubus trifidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_vernus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus vernus (page does not exist)">Rubus vernus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Lampobatus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_acanthophyllos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus acanthophyllos (page does not exist)">Rubus acanthophyllos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_adenothallus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus adenothallus (page does not exist)">Rubus adenothallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_adenotrichos" title="Rubus adenotrichos">Rubus adenotrichos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_betonicifolius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus betonicifolius (page does not exist)">Rubus betonicifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_bogotensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus bogotensis (page does not exist)">Rubus bogotensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_briareus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus briareus (page does not exist)">Rubus briareus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_bullatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus bullatus (page does not exist)">Rubus bullatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_choachiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus choachiensis (page does not exist)">Rubus choachiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_coriaceus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus coriaceus (page does not exist)">Rubus coriaceus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_costaricanus" title="Rubus costaricanus">Rubus costaricanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_eggersii" title="Rubus eggersii">Rubus eggersii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_eriocarpus" title="Rubus eriocarpus">Rubus eriocarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fagifolius" title="Rubus fagifolius">Rubus fagifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_florulentus" title="Rubus florulentus">Rubus florulentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_gachetensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus gachetensis (page does not exist)">Rubus gachetensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_giganteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus giganteus (page does not exist)">Rubus giganteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_glabratus" title="Rubus glabratus">Rubus glabratus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_glaucus" title="Rubus glaucus">Rubus glaucus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_hondurensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus hondurensis (page does not exist)">Rubus hondurensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_imperialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus imperialis (page does not exist)">Rubus imperialis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_irasuensis" title="Rubus irasuensis">Rubus irasuensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_macvaughianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus macvaughianus (page does not exist)">Rubus macvaughianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_megalococcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus megalococcus (page does not exist)">Rubus megalococcus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_nubigenus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus nubigenus (page does not exist)">Rubus nubigenus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_peruvianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus peruvianus (page does not exist)">Rubus peruvianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_roseus" title="Rubus roseus">Rubus roseus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_sapidus" title="Rubus sapidus">Rubus sapidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_shankii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus shankii (page does not exist)">Rubus shankii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_trichomallus" title="Rubus trichomallus">Rubus trichomallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_turquinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus turquinensis (page does not exist)">Rubus turquinensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Malachobatus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_acuminatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus acuminatus (page does not exist)">Rubus acuminatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_alceifolius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus alceifolius (page does not exist)">Rubus alceifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_assamensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus assamensis (page does not exist)">Rubus assamensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_bambusarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus bambusarum (page does not exist)">Rubus bambusarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_buergeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus buergeri (page does not exist)">Rubus buergeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_chroosepalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus chroosepalus (page does not exist)">Rubus chroosepalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_chrysophyllus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus chrysophyllus (page does not exist)">Rubus chrysophyllus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_elongatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus elongatus (page does not exist)">Rubus elongatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_fairholmianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus fairholmianus (page does not exist)">Rubus fairholmianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_flagelliflorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus flagelliflorus (page does not exist)">Rubus flagelliflorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_fockei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus fockei (page does not exist)">Rubus fockei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_formosensis" title="Rubus formosensis">Rubus formosensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_gardnerianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus gardnerianus (page does not exist)">Rubus gardnerianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_glomeratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus glomeratus (page does not exist)">Rubus glomeratus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_henryi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus henryi (page does not exist)">Rubus henryi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_hunanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus hunanensis (page does not exist)">Rubus hunanensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_ichangensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus ichangensis (page does not exist)">Rubus ichangensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_irenaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus irenaeus (page does not exist)">Rubus irenaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_kawakamii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus kawakamii (page does not exist)">Rubus kawakamii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_lambertianus" title="Rubus lambertianus">Rubus lambertianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_lineatus" title="Rubus lineatus">Rubus lineatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_moluccanus" title="Rubus moluccanus">Rubus moluccanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_multibracteatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus multibracteatus (page does not exist)">Rubus multibracteatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_paniculatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus paniculatus (page does not exist)">Rubus paniculatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_parkeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus parkeri (page does not exist)">Rubus parkeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_pseudosieboldii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus pseudosieboldii (page does not exist)">Rubus pseudosieboldii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_pyrifolius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus pyrifolius (page does not exist)">Rubus pyrifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_rolfei" title="Rubus rolfei">Rubus rolfei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_rugosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus rugosus (page does not exist)">Rubus rugosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_setchuenensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus setchuenensis (page does not exist)">Rubus setchuenensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_sieboldii" title="Rubus sieboldii">Rubus sieboldii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_splendidissimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus splendidissimus (page does not exist)">Rubus splendidissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_swinhoei" title="Rubus swinhoei">Rubus swinhoei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_tephrodes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus tephrodes (page does not exist)">Rubus tephrodes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_tiliaceus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus tiliaceus (page does not exist)">Rubus tiliaceus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_wardii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus wardii (page does not exist)">Rubus wardii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_xanthoneurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus xanthoneurus (page does not exist)">Rubus xanthoneurus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_subg._Micranthobatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus subg. Micranthobatus">Micranthobatus</a></i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_australis" title="Rubus australis">Rubus australis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_cissoides" title="Rubus cissoides">Rubus cissoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_moorei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus moorei (page does not exist)">Rubus moorei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_nebulosus" title="Rubus nebulosus">Rubus nebulosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_parvus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus parvus">Rubus parvus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_schmidelioides" title="Rubus schmidelioides">Rubus schmidelioides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_squarrosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus squarrosus">Rubus squarrosus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subgenus <i>Orobatus</i></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_loxensis" title="Rubus loxensis">Rubus loxensis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>Subgenus <i>Rubus</i></b> (formerly known as subgenus <i>Eubatus</i>) <ul><li><b>Sections</b> <ul><li>Sect. Allegheniensis <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_allegheniensis" title="Rubus allegheniensis">Rubus allegheniensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_alumnus" title="Rubus alumnus">Rubus alumnus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pennus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus pennus">Rubus pennus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pugnax" title="Rubus pugnax">Rubus pugnax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_rosa" title="Rubus rosa">Rubus rosa</a> –</i> rose blackberry</li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Arguti <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_abactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus abactus">Rubus abactus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ablatus" title="Rubus ablatus">Rubus ablatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_andrewsianus" title="Rubus andrewsianus">Rubus andrewsianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_argutus" title="Rubus argutus">Rubus argutus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_densissimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus densissimus">Rubus densissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_frondosus" title="Rubus frondosus">Rubus frondosus</a> –</i> Yankee blackberry</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_laudatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus laudatus (page does not exist)">Rubus laudatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_mollior" title="Rubus mollior">Rubus mollior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_multispinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus multispinus">Rubus multispinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_oklahomus" title="Rubus oklahomus">Rubus oklahomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_orarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus orarius">Rubus orarius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ostryifolius" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus ostryifolius">Rubus ostryifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pensilvanicus" title="Rubus pensilvanicus">Rubus pensilvanicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_philadelphicus" title="Rubus philadelphicus">Rubus philadelphicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_recurvans" title="Rubus recurvans">Rubus recurvans</a> –</i> recurved blackberry</li> <li><i>Rubus subsolanus</i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Caesii <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_caesius" title="Rubus caesius">Rubus caesius</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Canadenses <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_canadensis" title="Rubus canadensis">Rubus canadensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_kennedyanus" title="Rubus kennedyanus">Rubus kennedyanus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Corylifolii <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_adenoleucus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus adenoleucus (page does not exist)">Rubus adenoleucus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_aureolus" title="Rubus aureolus">Rubus aureolus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_babingtonianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus babingtonianus (page does not exist)">Rubus babingtonianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_britannicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus britannicus (page does not exist)">Rubus britannicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_camptostachys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus camptostachys (page does not exist)">Rubus camptostachys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_conjungens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus conjungens (page does not exist)">Rubus conjungens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_cyclomorphus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus cyclomorphus (page does not exist)">Rubus cyclomorphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_dissimulans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus dissimulans (page does not exist)">Rubus dissimulans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_dumetorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus dumetorum (page does not exist)">Rubus dumetorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_eluxatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus eluxatus (page does not exist)">Rubus eluxatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_fabrimontanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus fabrimontanus (page does not exist)">Rubus fabrimontanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_fioniae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus fioniae (page does not exist)">Rubus fioniae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_gothicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus gothicus (page does not exist)">Rubus gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_lamprocaulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus lamprocaulos (page does not exist)">Rubus lamprocaulos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_mortensenii" title="Rubus mortensenii">Rubus mortensenii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_nemorosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus nemorosus (page does not exist)">Rubus nemorosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus_seebergensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubus seebergensis (page does not exist)">Rubus seebergensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_tuberculatus" title="Rubus tuberculatus">Rubus tuberculatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_wahlbergii" title="Rubus wahlbergii">Rubus wahlbergii</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Cuneifolii <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_cuneifolius" title="Rubus cuneifolius">Rubus cuneifolius</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Hispidi <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fulleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus fulleri">Rubus fulleri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hispidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus hispidus">Rubus hispidus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Procumbentes (formerly known as Sect. Flagellares) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_aboriginum" title="Rubus aboriginum">Rubus aboriginum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_baileyanus" title="Rubus baileyanus">Rubus baileyanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_bushii" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus bushii">Rubus bushii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_celer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus celer">Rubus celer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_centralis" title="Rubus centralis">Rubus centralis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_curtipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus curtipes">Rubus curtipes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_deamii" title="Rubus deamii">Rubus deamii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_depavitus" title="Rubus depavitus">Rubus depavitus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus enslenii</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_exsularis" title="Rubus exsularis">Rubus exsularis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fecundus" title="Rubus fecundus">Rubus fecundus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ferrofluvius" title="Rubus ferrofluvius">Rubus ferrofluvius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_flagellaris" title="Rubus flagellaris">Rubus flagellaris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_fraternalis" title="Rubus fraternalis">Rubus fraternalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_grimesii" title="Rubus grimesii">Rubus grimesii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_hancinianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus hancinianus">Rubus hancinianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_heterophyllus" title="Rubus heterophyllus">Rubus heterophyllus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_invisus" title="Rubus invisus">Rubus invisus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus ithacanus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus kentuckiensis</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_leviculus" title="Rubus leviculus">Rubus leviculus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_meracus" title="Rubus meracus">Rubus meracus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_michiganensis" title="Rubus michiganensis">Rubus michiganensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_multifer" title="Rubus multifer">Rubus multifer</a> –</i> Kinnikinnick dewberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_multiformis" title="Rubus multiformis">Rubus multiformis</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus profusiflorus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_roribaccus" title="Rubus roribaccus">Rubus roribaccus</a> –</i> Lucretia dewberry</li> <li><i>Rubus satis</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_steelei" title="Rubus steelei">Rubus steelei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. <i>Rubus</i> <ul><li><i>Rubus acheruntinus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus adornatus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus adspersus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus ahenifolius</i></li> <li><i>Rubus alterniflorus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus ammobius</i></li> <li><i>Rubus amplificatus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_anglocandicans" title="Rubus anglocandicans">Rubus anglocandicans</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus angustifrons</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_armeniacus" title="Rubus armeniacus">Rubus armeniacus</a></i> (syn. <i>R. discolor</i>)</li> <li><i>Rubus arrhenii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus atrichantherus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus axillaris</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bakerianus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bavaricus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bayeri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bertramii</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_bifrons" title="Rubus bifrons">Rubus bifrons</a></i> – Himalayan blackberry</li> <li><i>Rubus bloxamianus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bloxamii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bollei</i></li> <li><i>Rubus boreanus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus braeuckeri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus bregutiensis</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_calvatus" title="Rubus calvatus">Rubus calvatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_canescens" title="Rubus canescens">Rubus canescens</a></i> – woolly blackberry</li> <li><i>Rubus cardiophyllus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus caucasicus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus chlorothyrsos</i></li> <li><i>Rubus chrysoxylon</i></li> <li><i>Rubus cimbricus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus cissburiensis</i></li> <li><i>Rubus clusii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus colemannii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus concolor</i></li> <li><i>Rubus conothyrsoides</i></li> <li><i>Rubus cordifolius</i></li> <li><i>Rubus cyri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus dasyphyllus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus divaricatus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus diversus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus drejeri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus dumnoniensis</i></li> <li><i>Rubus echinatoides</i></li> <li><i>Rubus echinatus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus egregius</i></li> <li><i>Rubus eianus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus ergii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus errabundus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus erythrops</i></li> <li><i>Rubus fissus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus foliosus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus formidabilis</i></li> <li><i>Rubus furvicolor</i></li> <li><i>Rubus fuscoater</i></li> <li><i>Rubus fuscus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus gelertii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus georgicus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus glandithyrsos</i></li> <li><i>Rubus glanduliger</i></li> <li><i>Rubus glandulosus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus gordonii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus grabowskii</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_gratus" title="Rubus gratus">Rubus gratus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus gremlii</i></li> <li><i>RUbus hartmanii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus hirtus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus hylophilus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus ieri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus inermis</i></li> <li><i>Rubus infestus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus insularis</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_laciniatus" title="Rubus laciniatus">Rubus laciniatus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus lamprophyllus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus lespinassei</i></li> <li><i>Rubus leucostachys</i></li> <li><i>Rubus linkianus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus macrophyllus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus micans</i></li> <li><i>Rubus miszczenkoi</i></li> <li><i>Rubus montanus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus moschus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus mucronulatus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus mulleri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus nessensis</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_nigricans" title="Rubus nigricans">Rubus nigricans</a></i> (syn. <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pedemontanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus pedemontanus">pedemontanus</a></i>).</li> <li><i>Rubus nitidoides</i></li> <li><i>Rubus pedatifolius</i></li> <li><i>Rubus piceetorum</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_plicatus" title="Rubus plicatus">Rubus plicatus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus polyanthemus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus praecox</i></li> <li><i>Rubus promachonicus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_pyramidalis" title="Rubus pyramidalis">Rubus pyramidalis</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus radula</i></li> <li><i>Rubus rhamnifolius</i></li> <li><i>Rubus rosaceus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus rubritinctus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus rudis</i></li> <li><i>Rubus sanctus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus scheutzii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus schlechtendalii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus schleicheri</i></li> <li><i>Rubus senticosus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus separinus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_septentrionalis" title="Rubus septentrionalis">Rubus septentrionalis</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus slesvicensis</i></li> <li><i>Rubus sprengelii</i></li> <li><i>Rubus sulcatus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus thrysiflorus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ulmifolius" title="Rubus ulmifolius">Rubus ulmifolius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_vestitus" title="Rubus vestitus">Rubus vestitus</a></i> – European blackberry</li> <li><i>Rubus vigorosus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_vulgaris" title="Rubus vulgaris">Rubus vulgaris</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Setosi (bristleberries) <ul><li><i>Rubus dissensus</i></li> <li><i>Rubus groutianus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_junceus" title="Rubus junceus">Rubus junceus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_missouricus" title="Rubus missouricus">Rubus missouricus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_regionalis" title="Rubus regionalis">Rubus regionalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_semisetosus" title="Rubus semisetosus">Rubus semisetosus</a> –</i> swamp bristleberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_setosus" title="Rubus setosus">Rubus setosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_stipulatus" title="Rubus stipulatus">Rubus stipulatus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus superioris</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_uniformis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus uniformis">Rubus uniformis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_vermontanus" title="Rubus vermontanus">Rubus vermontanus</a> –</i> Vermont bristleberry</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_wheeleri" title="Rubus wheeleri">Rubus wheeleri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_wisconsinensis" title="Rubus wisconsinensis">Rubus wisconsinensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Ursini (Pacific berries) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Loganberry" title="Loganberry">Rubus × loganobaccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ursinus" title="Rubus ursinus">Rubus ursinus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sect. Verotriviales (Southern dewberries) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_ictus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus ictus">Rubus ictus</a></i></li> <li><i>Rubus lucidus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_riograndis" title="Rubus riograndis">Rubus riograndis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubus sons">Rubus sons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus_trivialis" title="Rubus trivialis">Rubus trivialis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hybrid_berries">Hybrid berries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hybrid berries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "hybrid berry" is often used collectively for those fruits in the genus <i>Rubus</i> which have been developed mainly in the U.S. and U.K. in the last 130 years. As <i>Rubus</i> species readily interbreed and are <a href="/wiki/Apomict" class="mw-redirect" title="Apomict">apomicts</a> (able to set seed without fertilisation), the parentage of these plants is often highly complex, but is generally agreed to include cultivars of blackberries (<i>R. ursinus</i>, <i>R. fruticosus</i>) and raspberries (<i>R. idaeus</i>). The British National Collection of <i>Rubus</i> stands at over 200 species and, although not within the scope of the National Collection, also hold many cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hybrid berries include:-<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loganberry" title="Loganberry">loganberry</a> (California, U.S., 1883) <i>R.</i> × <i>loganobaccus</i>, a spontaneous hybrid between <i>R. ursinus</i> 'Aughinbaugh' and <i>R. idaeus</i> 'Red Antwerp'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boysenberry" title="Boysenberry">boysenberry</a> (U.S., 1920s) a hybrid between <i>R. idaeus</i> and <i>R.</i> × <i>loganobaccus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectarberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectarberry">nectarberry</a> Suspected variant of boysenberry, a hybrid between <i>R. idaeus</i> and <i>R.</i> × <i>loganobaccus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olallieberry" title="Olallieberry">olallieberry</a> (U.S., 1930s) a hybrid between the loganberry and youngberry, themselves both hybrid berries</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veitchberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veitchberry (page does not exist)">veitchberry</a> (Europe, 1930s) a hybrid between <i>R. fruticosus</i> and <i>R. idaeus</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skellyberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skellyberry (page does not exist)">skellyberry</a> (Texas, U.S., 2000s), a hybrid between <i>R. invisus</i> and <i>R. phoenicolasius</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marionberry" title="Marionberry">marionberry</a> (1956) now thought to be a blackberry cultivar <i>R.</i> 'Marion'</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvanberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvanberry (page does not exist)">silvanberry</a>, <i>R.</i> 'Silvan', a hybrid between <i>R.</i> 'Marion' and the boysenberry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayberry" title="Tayberry">tayberry</a> (Dundee, Scotland, 1979), another blackberry/raspberry hybrid</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tummelberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tummelberry (page does not exist)">tummelberry</a>, <i>R.</i> 'Tummel', from the same Scottish breeding programme as the tayberry</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildaberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildaberry (page does not exist)">hildaberry</a> (1980s), a tayberry/boysenberry hybrid discovered by an amateur grower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngberry" title="Youngberry">youngberry</a>, a complex hybrid of raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The generic name means blackberry in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and was derived from the word <i>ruber</i>, meaning "red".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The blackberries, as well as various other <i>Rubus</i> species with mounding or rambling growth habits, are often called <a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">brambles</a>. However, this name is not used for those like the raspberry that grow as upright canes, or for trailing or prostrate species, such as most dewberries, or various low-growing boreal, arctic, or alpine species. The scientific study of brambles is known as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/batology" class="extiw" title="wikt:batology">batology</a>". "Bramble" comes from Old English <i>bræmbel</i>, a variant of <i>bræmel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dict_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">Mulberry</a>, an unrelated deciduous tree with similar looking fruit</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=10574">"<i>Rubus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Rubus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomygenus.aspx%3Fid%3D10574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40027499?projectid=0">"<i>Rubus</i> L."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">Missouri Botanical Garden</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rubus+L.&rft.btitle=Tropicos&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tropicos.org%2FName%2F40027499%3Fprojectid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000199-2">"<i>Rubus</i> L."</a> <i>Plants of the World Online</i>. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331005745/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000199-2">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Rubus+L.&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000199-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrouillet2014" class="citation cs1">Brouillet, Luc (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=20916">"Rosaceae (subfam. Rosoideae) tribe Rubeae"</a>. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1"><i>Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)</i></a>. Vol. 9. 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Botanical Society of America: 81–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2656957">10.2307/2656957</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2656957">2656957</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21680348">21680348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+Rubus+%28rosaceae%29+based+on+nuclear+ribosomal+DNA+internal+transcribed+spacer+region+sequences&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-97&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21680348&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2656957%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2656957&rft.au=Lawrence+A.+Alice&rft.au=Christopher+S.+Campbell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rubusspecies.com/">National Collection of <i>Rubus</i> Species, Houghton, England, United Kingdom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912105653/http://rubusspecies.com/">Archived</a> 2017-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>www.rubusspecies.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nccpg.com/National-Collections/Collection-Results.aspx?id=391">"Plant Heritage – National Collections Scheme, UK Garden Plants"</a>. <i>nccpg.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120233053/http://www.nccpg.com/National-Collections/Collection-Results.aspx?id=391">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nccpg.com&rft.atitle=Plant+Heritage+%E2%80%93+National+Collections+Scheme%2C+UK+Garden+Plants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nccpg.com%2FNational-Collections%2FCollection-Results.aspx%3Fid%3D391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArdle2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ardle, John (July 2013). "Hybris vigour". <i>The Garden</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Garden&rft.atitle=Hybris+vigour&rft.date=2013-07&rft.aulast=Ardle&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuattrocchi2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIOvJSJs-IkC"><i>CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names</i></a>. Vol. IV R-Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 2345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2678-3"><bdi>978-0-8493-2678-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524114631/https://books.google.com/books?id=zIOvJSJs-IkC">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+World+Dictionary+of+Plant+Names&rft.pages=2345&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+US&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-2678-3&rft.aulast=Quattrocchi&rft.aufirst=Umberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIOvJSJs-IkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Rubus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602740" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q602740">Q602740</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rubus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Rubus">Rubus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/194512">194512</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/84009">84009</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=100947">100947</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/643JJ">643JJ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Rubus">Rubus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/30108">30108</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1RUBG">1RUBG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21508">21508</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=128837">128837</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=128837">128837</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2988638">2988638</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=10574">10574</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47544">47544</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IPA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=6921">6921</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/34017-1">34017-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1292577">1292577</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=24848">24848</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000462570">NHMSYS0000462570</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=23216">23216</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/2f12e300-754a-42aa-9460-acecd7291bb1">2f12e300-754a-42aa-9460-acecd7291bb1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=972648">972648</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=264405">264405</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Panarctic Flora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://panarcticflora.org/results?name=#paf-6405">6405</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/RUBUS">RUBUS</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000199-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000199-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40027499">40027499</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1629">1629</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/26931a82-e21a-4482-b073-969d328c34dd">26931a82-e21a-4482-b073-969d328c34dd</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000033581">wfo-4000033581</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=415940">415940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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