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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics_of_sacraments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics_of_sacraments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Characteristics of sacraments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics_of_sacraments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baptism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Baptism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eucharist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eucharist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eucharist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eucharist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rites_not_to_be_counted_for_Sacraments_of_the_Gospel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rites_not_to_be_counted_for_Sacraments_of_the_Gospel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rites not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rites_not_to_be_counted_for_Sacraments_of_the_Gospel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rites not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rites_not_to_be_counted_for_Sacraments_of_the_Gospel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Confession_and_absolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confession_and_absolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Confession and absolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confession_and_absolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confirmation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confirmation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Confirmation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confirmation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matrimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matrimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Matrimony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matrimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Holy Orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Holy_Unction)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Holy_Unction)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Anointing of the Sick (Holy Unction)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Holy_Unction)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;padding-bottom:0.15em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anglicanism" title="Category:Anglicanism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/160px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/240px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/320px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="2395" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Anglican doctrine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Books_of_Homilies" title="The Books of Homilies">Books of Homilies</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Divines" title="Caroline Divines">Caroline Divines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago%E2%80%93Lambeth_Quadrilateral" title="Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral">Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sacraments</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Marian_theology" title="Anglican Marian theology">Mary</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ministry and worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_ministry" title="Anglican ministry">Ministry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">Liturgical year</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Churchmanship" title="Churchmanship">Churchmanship</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_church" title="Low church">Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_churchmanship" title="Central churchmanship">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">Broad</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_religious_order" title="Anglican religious order">Monasticism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Anglicanism" title="Saints in Anglicanism">Saints</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background and history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_medieval_cathedrals_of_England" title="Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England">Medieval cathedral architecture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a><br /><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker" title="Richard Hooker">Richard Hooker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">Nonjuring schism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Latitudinarian" title="Latitudinarian">Latitudinarian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Anglo-Catholicism" title="Liberal Anglo-Catholicism">Liberal</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Anglican_Communion" title="History of the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion history</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Primates_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Primates in the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion Primates'</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_Primates%27_Meetings" title="Anglican Communion Primates' Meetings">Meetings</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Conference" title="Lambeth Conference">Lambeth Conference</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Communion_dioceses" title="List of Anglican Communion dioceses">Bishops</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Consultative_Council" title="Anglican Consultative Council">Anglican Consultative Council</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_and_ecumenism" title="Anglican Communion and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion">Ordination of women</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Report" title="Windsor Report">Windsor Report</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Other Anglican denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing Anglican movement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Anglican realignment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bartonville_Agreement" title="Bartonville Agreement">Bartonville Agreement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_St._Louis" title="Congress of St. Louis">Congress of St. Louis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_American_Anglican_Conference" title="North American Anglican Conference">North American Anglican Conference</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglicanism" title="Template:Anglicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglicanism" title="Template talk:Anglicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In keeping with its prevailing self-identity as a <i><a href="/wiki/Via_media" title="Via media">via media</a></i> or "middle path" of <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, <b>Anglican sacramental theology</b> expresses elements in keeping with its status as a church in the <a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">catholic</a> tradition and a church of the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a>. With respect to sacramental theology the Catholic tradition is perhaps most strongly asserted in the importance Anglicanism places on the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a> as a means of <a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">grace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">sanctification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">forgiveness</a> as expressed in the church's <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a> were accepted by Anglicans generally as a norm for Anglican teaching, they recognised two sacraments only – <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> – as having been ordained by <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> ("sacraments of the Gospel") <sup id="cite_ref-A25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Article XXV of the Thirty-Nine Articles describes them) and as necessary for salvation. The status of the Articles today varies from province to province: Canon A5 of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> defines them as a source for Anglican doctrine. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Toon" title="Peter Toon">Peter Toon</a> names ten provinces as having retained them. He goes on to suggest that they have become "one strategic lens of a multi-lens telescope through which to view tradition and approach Scripture".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five other acts are regarded variously as full sacraments by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholics</a> or as "sacramental rites" by <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicals</a> with varied opinions among <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">broad church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal</a> Anglicans. Article XXV of the Thirty-Nine Articles states that these five "are not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel, being such as have grown partly of the corrupt following of the Apostles, partly are states of life allowed in the Scriptures; but yet have not like nature of Sacraments with Baptism, and the Lord's Supper, for that they have not any visible sign or ceremony ordained of God."<sup id="cite_ref-A25_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Thirty-Nine Articles, the seven are divided as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>"Sacraments ordained of Christ our Lord in the Gospel" </th> <th>"Commonly called Sacraments but not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel" </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></b> (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></b> (or <i>Communion</i>, <i>Mass</i>, or the <i>Lord's Supper</i>) </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">Confession and absolution</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Holy Matrimony</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></b> (also called <i>Healing</i> or <i>Unction</i>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A wider range of opinions about the 'effectiveness of the sacraments is found among Anglicans than in the Roman Catholic Church: some hold to a more Catholic view maintaining that the sacraments function "as a result of the act performed" (<i>ex opere operato</i>); others emphasise strongly the need for worthy reception and faith".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_of_sacraments">Characteristics of sacraments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics of sacraments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As defined by the 16th-century Anglican divine <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Hooker (theologian)">Richard Hooker</a>, the sacraments are "visible signs of invisible grace". However, their "efficacy resteth obscure to our understanding, except we search somewhat more distinctly what grace in particular that is whereunto they are referred and what manner of operation they have towards it".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They thus serve to convey <a href="/wiki/Sanctification" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctification">sanctification</a> on the individual participating in the sacramental action, but Hooker expressly warns that "all receive not the grace of God which receive the sacraments of his grace". </p><p>To be considered a valid sacrament both the appropriate <i>form</i> and <i>matter</i> must be present and duly used. <i>Form</i> is the specific verbal and physical liturgical action associated with the sacrament while the <i>matter</i> refers to the essential material objects used (e.g. water in Baptism; bread and wine in the Eucharist, etc.). This in itself is not sufficient to ensure the <i>validity</i>: there must also be the right <i>intention</i> on the part of the minister and, when the sacrament is ministered to an adult, the minimal requirement is that the recipient must not place an obstacle in the way of the grace to be received. </p><p>The question as to who is to be considered the minister of a "valid" sacrament has led to serious divergences of opinion within Anglicanism. It is clear that in emergency any layperson may administer baptism. Whether a deacon can celebrate marriage varies from province to province. The theory that to be validly ordained, Anglican clergy must be ordained or consecrated by bishops whose own consecration can be traced to one of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> has always been a minority position. Bradshaw sums up the position as follows:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>... Hooker and the great weight of representative Anglican theology did not unchurch continental non-episcopal churches. Anglican ecclesiology does not, classically, hold the view that the church and sacramental grace depend upon the episcopal succession from the apostles. While many Anglicans hold that only a <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> properly ordained by a <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> or a bishop consecrated by other bishops can perform valid sacramental actions (the exceptions are Baptism, which can be performed by a layperson in cases of emergency, and in some Provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, Matrimony, which can be performed by a deacon), many would also be cautious about applying the criterion to other churches. The theory that to be validly ordained, Anglican clergy must be ordained and/or consecrated by bishops whose own consecration can be traced to one of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a>). Anglicans differ as to whether the sacraments received from clergy who are not ordained in this tradition have been validly performed and received.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baptism">Baptism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Baptism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_regeneration" title="Baptismal regeneration">Baptismal regeneration</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_(BCP,_1845).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png/200px-Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png/300px-Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png/400px-Publick_Baptism_of_Infants_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>'Publick Baptism of Infants', full-page illustration from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1845_illuminated_version)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1845 illuminated version)">1845 illuminated <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a>, drawn by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Warren_(illustrator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Warren (illustrator) (page does not exist)">Henry Warren</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> is the sacrament by which a person is initiated into the Christian church. It has the effect of receiving people into the household of God, allowing them to receive the grace of the other sacraments. The matter consists of the water and the form are the words of Baptism (the <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a>). The intention of baptism is threefold: a renunciation of sin and of all that which is opposed to the will of God (articulated by vows); a statement of belief in God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (articulated by the recitation of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a>); and a commitment to follow Christ as Lord and Saviour (again, signified by vows). The effect of baptism is the reception of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>. </p><p>Whilst infant baptism is the norm in Anglicanism, services of thanksgiving and dedication of children are sometimes celebrated, especially when baptism is being deferred. People <a href="/wiki/Baptism#Comparative_summary" title="Baptism">baptised</a> in other traditions will be confirmed without being baptised again unless there is doubt about the validity of their original baptism. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> who have previously been confirmed are simply received instead. In case of uncertainty about whether a person has received the sacrament of Baptism at an earlier time, he or she may <a href="/wiki/Conditional_sacrament" title="Conditional sacrament">receive the sacrament conditionally</a>. In principle, no one can be baptised more than once. In a <a href="/wiki/Conditional_baptism" title="Conditional baptism">conditional baptism</a>, the minister of the sacrament, rather than saying "I baptise you in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit", says "If you are not baptised, I baptise you" etc.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eucharist">Eucharist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eucharist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anglican_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican eucharistic theology">Anglican eucharistic theology</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Communion_(BCP,_1845).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Holy_Communion_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png/200px-Holy_Communion_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Holy_Communion_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png/300px-Holy_Communion_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Holy_Communion_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png/400px-Holy_Communion_%28BCP%2C_1845%29.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1186" /></a><figcaption>'The Holy Communion', full-page illustration from the 1845 illuminated <i>Book of Common Prayer</i>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/John_Callcott_Horsley" title="John Callcott Horsley">John C. Horsley</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></i> (Holy Communion, Mass, or the Lord's Supper), is the means by which Christ becomes present to the Christian community gathered in his name. It is the central act of gathered worship, renewing the Body of Christ as the Church through the reception of the Body of Christ as the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a>, his spiritual body and blood. The matter consists of bread and wine. Traditionally in the Western Church the form was located in the words "This is my body/blood" or at least in the repetition of the Institution Narrative as a whole, that is there was a moment of consecration.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the modern trend is to understand the thanksgiving expressed in the whole <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic Prayer">Eucharistic Prayer</a> as effecting the consecration.<sup id="cite_ref-cb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, the International Anglican Liturgical Consultation involving liturgists from over half the provinces of the Anglican Communion unanimously agreed that: </p> <blockquote><p>The fundamental character of the eucharistic prayer is thanksgiving, and the whole eucharistic prayer should be seen as consecratory. The elements of memorial and invocation are caught up within the movement of thanksgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-cb_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In this sacrament, Christ is both encountered and incorporated. As such, the Eucharistic action looks backward as a memorial of Christ's sacrifice, forward as a foretaste of the heavenly banquet, and to the present as an <a href="/wiki/Incarnation" title="Incarnation">Incarnation</a> of Christ in the lives of the community and of individual believers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rites_not_to_be_counted_for_Sacraments_of_the_Gospel">Rites not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rites not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confession_and_absolution">Confession and absolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Confession and absolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Confession_(sacrament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confession (sacrament)">Confession and absolution</a></i>, sometimes called the Sacrament of Reconciliation, is the rite or sacrament by which one is restored to God when one's relationship with God has been broken by sin. The form is the words of absolution, which may be accompanied by the sign of the cross. Confession and absolution is normally done corporately (the congregation invited to confess their sins, a moment of silent prayer while the congregation does so, a spoken general confession, and the words of absolution). Individuals, however, can and do also participate in aural confession, privately meeting with a priest to confess their sins, during which time the priest can provide both counselling, urge reconciliation with parties that have been sinned against, and suggest certain spiritual disciplines (<a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a>). In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1662)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1662)">1662 <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a> and earlier <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Anglican prayer books</a>, there is no approved ceremony for a private confession of sins outside of the Visitation of the Sick, the event being provided for in the Anglican tradition only in uncommon instances where an individual cannot quiet his conscience or find consolation in the General Confession that is part of the liturgy. However, the Book of Common Prayer 1979 in the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a> does provide an approved rite of confession. </p><p>Anglican clergy do not typically require acts of penance after receiving absolution; but such acts, if done, are intended to be healing and preventative. The phrase "all may, some should, none must" is often taken as the Anglican attitude towards the sacrament, though there are provinces and parishes where participation in the sacrament is expected for the forgiveness of post-baptismal sin. The priest is bound by the <i><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_and_the_Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional and the Anglican Church">seal of confession</a>.</i> This binds the priest to never speak of what he or she has heard in the confessional to anyone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confirmation">Confirmation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Confirmation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(sacrament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (sacrament)">Confirmation</a></i> is derived from the Latin word <i>confirmare</i>, 'to strengthen'. In this sense, confirmation involves the reaffirmation of faith through the strengthening and renewal of one's baptismal vows accomplished through prayer and the laying on of hands by a bishop. Historically, baptism and confirmation once were a unified rite, with the bishop performing both activities. With the spread of the faith in Europe during the early Middle Ages, the rites became separated. In recent centuries, it has been seen as an opportunity for those baptised as infants to make an adult profession of faith, and to reaffirm the vows made on their behalf by witnesses. </p><p>Until very recently, it was also a precondition to participation in the eucharist throughout the Communion. Some Anglican churches now view baptism as sufficient for accessing the grace of all the sacraments, since it is the means of initiation into the faith. Many who have been baptised as adults still present themselves for confirmation as a way of completing the ancient rite of initiation, or because they have been received into the Communion from other denominations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matrimony">Matrimony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Matrimony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png/200px-Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png/300px-Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png/400px-Solemnization_of_Matrimony.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>'Solemnization of Matrimony', full-page illustration from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1845_illuminated_version)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1845 illuminated version)">1845 illuminated <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/John_Callcott_Horsley" title="John Callcott Horsley">John C. Horsley</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Holy Matrimony</i> is the blessing of a union between two people, acknowledging the presence and grace of God in the life of the couple. The form is manifested as the vows (contrary to popular belief, the blessing and exchanging of rings is customary, and not necessary for the rite of matrimony to be valid). In marriage, the couple seek God's blessing, and through the mediation of the priest, the prayer is answered. Although the couple are thus generally regarded as the ministers of the sacrament through their voluntary exchange of vows, the sacrament must be celebrated under the presidency of a clergy person, who witnesses and mediates the prayers (along with a portion of the congregation to witness and accept the marriage). </p><p>In many parts of the Anglican Communion, there is provision to bless civil marriages (on the understanding that a couple cannot be married twice). Although some Anglican Churches will marry divorced people, some will not or will require the permission of the bishop of the diocese. In some <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a>, particularly in the US <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>, there is approval for the blessing of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglican">Continuing Anglican</a> churches of the world, such unions are not permitted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Orders">Holy Orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Holy Orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ordination</i> to <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a> is the setting aside of individuals to specific ministries in the Church, namely that of <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>. The matter and form are the laying on of hands by a bishop and prayers. From the beginning of the Church there were two orders recognised – that of bishop and deacon. Priests are essentially delegates of the bishop to minister to congregations in which the bishop cannot be physically present. Deacons have always had the role of being "the church in the world," ministering to the pastoral needs of the community and assisting the priest in worship (usually by proclaiming the Gospel and preparing the altar and <a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">credence table</a>). The bishop is the chief pastor of a <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>. Appointment as an <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a> does not involve transition into a new order, but rather signifies the taking on of additional episcopal responsibilities as a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan archbishop">metropolitan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a>. </p><p>In the Anglican churches, as with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> Churches, and unlike the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> of the Catholic Church Church, there is no requirement that priests observe <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">clerical celibacy</a>. Unlike priests in the Eastern Churches, Anglican priests may also marry after ordination, and married Anglican priests may be ordained as bishops. Additionally, in many provinces of the Anglican Communion, women are allowed to be ordained as priests; and in about a third of the provinces also consecrated as bishops. Because this is a recent and controversial development, there are few dioceses governed by bishops who are women. Some dioceses do not recognise the orders of priests who are women, or else limit their recognition to priests only and disallow bishops who are women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Holy_Unction)"><span id="Anointing_of_the_Sick_.28Holy_Unction.29"></span>Anointing of the Sick (Holy Unction)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anointing of the Sick (Holy Unction)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a> is an act of healing through prayer and sacrament, conveyed on both the sick and the dying; the latter is classically called Extreme Unction. The matter consists of laying on of hands and anointing with oil; while the form consists of prayers. In this sacrament, the priest acts as a mediator of Christ's grace and will frequently also administer the consecrated bread (and sometimes wine) as a part of the sacramental action. </p><p>The Anglican <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_St_Raphael" title="Guild of St Raphael">Guild of St Raphael</a>, founded in 1915, is an organisation mostly within the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, with a few branches elsewhere in the world, specifically dedicated to promoting, supporting and practicing Christ's ministry of healing as an integral part of the Church. There are many other similar organisations in other Anglican provinces, often dedicated to <a href="/wiki/St_Luke" class="mw-redirect" title="St Luke">St Luke</a> the physician and evangelist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordained_ministry">Ordained ministry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ordained ministry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Anglican tradition, the celebration of the sacraments is reserved (apart from emergency baptism by laypeople) to the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_ministry" title="Anglican ministry">clergy</a>: bishops, priests and deacons — this last may baptise and, in some Provinces, celebrate marriages. While there has been some discussion, notably in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Sydney" title="Anglican Diocese of Sydney">Diocese of Sydney</a>, Australia between 1980-2010, about the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Lay_presidency" title="Lay presidency">lay presidency</a> of the Eucharist, for most Anglicans this is inconsistent with the common understanding of sacramental theology.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ex_opere_operato"><i>Ex opere operato</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ex opere operato"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Biel" title="Gabriel Biel">Gabriel Biel</a>, a 15th century <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">scholastic</a>, defined <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i> as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>...by the very act of receiving, grace is conferred, unless mortal sin stands in the way; that beyond the outward participation no inward preparation of the heart (<i>bonus motus</i>) is necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-biel_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, Anglicans generally do not accept that the sacraments are effective without positive faith being operative in those who receive them<sup id="cite_ref-biel_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, in the case of infant baptism, the faith of those who bring the baby to baptism and undertake to provide Christian teaching as a preparation for confirmation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a> clearly require positive faith (see Arts. XXV<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> & XXVIII<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) as do the exhortations to prepare to receive the Holy Communion found in the communion rite of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">BCP-1662</a>. </p><p>It might be claimed that Anglicans hold to the principle of <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i> with respect to the efficacy of the sacraments vis-a-vis the presider and his or her administration thereof. Article XXVI of the Thirty-Nine Articles (entitled <i>Of the unworthiness of ministers which hinders not the effect of the Sacrament</i>) states that the "ministration of the Word and Sacraments" is not done in the name of the one performing the sacerdotal function but in Christ's, "neither is the effect of Christ's ordinance taken away by their wickedness from such as by faith and rightly do receive the Sacraments ministered unto them" since the sacraments have their effect "because of Christ's institution and promise, although they be ministered by evil men."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The effectiveness of the sacrament is independent of the one who presides over it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-A25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A25_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A25_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/book-of-common-prayer/articles-of-religion.aspx#XXVIII">"Articles of Religion:25"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+of+Religion%3A25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Fbook-of-common-prayer%2Farticles-of-religion.aspx%23XXVIII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykesBooty1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sykes, Stephen; Booty, John, eds. (1988). "Anglican Standards: 2 Articles and Homilies". <i>The Study of Anglicanism</i>. London: SPCK. pp. 141, 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anglican+Standards%3A+2+Articles+and+Homilies&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Anglicanism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=141%2C+2&rft.pub=SPCK&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeddon" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Seddon, Philip. "Word and Sacrament". In Bunting, Ian (ed.). <i>Celebrating the Anglican Way</i>. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Word+and+Sacrament&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+Anglican+Way&rft.place=London&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.aulast=Seddon&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker1960" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Richard (1960). <i>Of the Laws of Ecclsiastical Polity</i>. London: J.M. Dent & Sons. V.l.3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+the+Laws+of+Ecclsiastical+Polity&rft.place=London&rft.pages=V.l.3&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Sons&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProcterFrere1902" class="citation book cs1">Procter; Frere (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofbook00proc_0"><i>A New History of the Book of Common Prayer</i></a>. London: MacMillan & Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofbook00proc_0/page/591">591</a>-2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+the+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=591-2&rft.pub=MacMillan+%26+Co&rft.date=1902&rft.au=Procter&rft.au=Frere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewhistoryofbook00proc_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1998" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Colin (1998). <i>Eucharistic Consecration</i>. Cambridge: Grove Books. pp. 18, 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eucharistic+Consecration&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=18%2C+19&rft.pub=Grove+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cb_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cb_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1998" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Colin (1998). <i>Eucharistic Consecration</i>. Cambridge: Grove Books. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eucharistic+Consecration&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Grove+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2009" class="citation web cs1">Paulson, Michael (November 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/11/30/episcopal_bishop_approves_priests_role_in_same_sex_marriages_in_eastern_mass/">"Episcopal role OK'd in gays' weddings"</a>. Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113102902/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/11/30/episcopal_bishop_approves_priests_role_in_same_sex_marriages_in_eastern_mass/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episcopal+role+OK%27d+in+gays%27+weddings&rft.pub=Boston+Globe&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2009%2F11%2F30%2Fepiscopal_bishop_approves_priests_role_in_same_sex_marriages_in_eastern_mass%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2009" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Nicholas (21 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://murdoch.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991005493283407891/61MUN_INST:61MU"><i>Lay Presidency At The Eucharist? An Anglican Approach</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781282876958" title="Special:BookSources/9781282876958"><bdi>9781282876958</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lay+Presidency+At+The+Eucharist%3F+An+Anglican+Approach&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+Plc&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft.isbn=9781282876958&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmurdoch.primo.exlibrisgroup.com%2Fdiscovery%2Ffulldisplay%2Falma991005493283407891%2F61MUN_INST%3A61MU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter" class="citation news cs1">Porter, Muriel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2010/20-august/comment/sydney-thwarted-on-lay-presidency">"Sydney thwarted on lay presidency"</a>. <i>Church Times UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+Times+UK&rft.atitle=Sydney+thwarted+on+lay+presidency&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Muriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchtimes.co.uk%2Farticles%2F2010%2F20-august%2Fcomment%2Fsydney-thwarted-on-lay-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biel-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biel_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biel_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">quoted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLitton1960" class="citation book cs1">Litton, E.A. (1960). <i>Introduction to Dogmatic Theology</i>. London: James Clarke & Cº. p. 448.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Dogmatic+Theology&rft.place=London&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=James+Clarke+%26+C%C2%BA&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Litton&rft.aufirst=E.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Final exhortation of Public Baptism of Infants in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">BCP-1662</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/book-of-common-prayer/articles-of-religion.aspx#XXV">"Articles of Religion: 25"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+of+Religion%3A+25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Fbook-of-common-prayer%2Farticles-of-religion.aspx%23XXV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/book-of-common-prayer/articles-of-religion.aspx#XXVIII">"Articles of Religion:28"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+of+Religion%3A28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Fbook-of-common-prayer%2Farticles-of-religion.aspx%23XXVIII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/book-of-common-prayer/articles-of-religion.aspx#XXVIII">"Articles of Religion:26"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+of+Religion%3A26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Fbook-of-common-prayer%2Farticles-of-religion.aspx%23XXVIII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglican+sacraments" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church of Canada</a>, <i>Book of Common Prayer</i>. Toronto, 1962.</li> <li>Dom <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Dix" title="Gregory Dix">Gregory Dix</a>, <i>The Shape of the Liturgy</i>, 2nd ed. London, 1945.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Michael_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Michael Ramsey">Arthur Michael Ramsey</a>, <i>The Gospel and the Catholic Church</i>, 2nd ed. London, 1956.</li> <li>Ian Stuchbery, <i>This is Our Faith: A Guide to Life and Belief for Anglicans</i>. Toronto, 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sykes" title="Stephen Sykes">Stephen Sykes</a> and John Booty (eds.), <i>The Study of Anglicanism</i>. London, 1988.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofe.anglican.org/faith/anglican/">What it means to be an Anglican</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingofpeace.org/resources/annotatedeucharist.pdf"><i>Annoted Holy Eucharist</i> instructed Eucharist from King of Peace Episcopal Church</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&oldid=1256569143">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anglican_sacraments&oldid=1256569143</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anglican_sacraments" title="Category:Anglican sacraments">Anglican sacraments</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_May_2009" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2009">Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 15:35<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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