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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American statistician (1937–2023)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"P. K. Sen" redirects here. For the vascular and cardiothoracic surgeon, see <a href="/wiki/P._K._Sen_(surgeon)" title="P. K. Sen (surgeon)">P. K. Sen (surgeon)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Pranab Kumar Sen</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1937-11-07</span>)</span>7 November 1937<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 December 2023<span style="display:none">(2023-12-31)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> (<a href="/wiki/B.Sc." class="mw-redirect" title="B.Sc.">B.Sc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/M.Sc." class="mw-redirect" title="M.Sc.">M.Sc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonparametric_statistics" title="Nonparametric statistics">Nonparametric statistics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Theil%E2%80%93Sen_estimator" title="Theil–Sen estimator">Theil–Sen estimator</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hodges%E2%80%93Lehmann_estimator" title="Hodges–Lehmann estimator">Hodges–Lehmann–Sen estimator</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">Statistics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hari Kinkar Nandi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Chinchilli" title="Vernon Chinchilli">Vernon Chinchilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Ghosh" title="Malay Ghosh">Malay Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Monti" title="Katherine Monti">Katherine Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Murphy" title="Susan Murphy">Susan Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._DuBois_Bowman" title="F. DuBois Bowman">F. DuBois Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Hochberg" title="Yosef Hochberg">Yosef Hochberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pranab Kumar Sen</b> (7 November 1937 – 31 December 2023) was an Indian-American <a href="/wiki/Statistician" title="Statistician">statistician</a> who was a professor of statistics and the Cary C. Boshamer Professor of Biostatistics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-profile_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pranab_K._Sen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pranab Kumar Sen was born in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">India</a> on 7 November 1937,<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the second of seven siblings. His father, a railway officer, died of leukemia when Sen was ten, and he was raised by his mother, the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gs08_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began his undergraduate studies at <a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Presidency College, Kolkata</a>, initially intending to study medicine but shifting to statistics when it was discovered that he was too young for medical college.<sup id="cite_ref-gs08_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a B.S. from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> in 1955, an M.Sc. in 1957, and a Ph.D. in 1962;<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-profile_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">doctoral advisor</a> was Hari Kinkar Nandi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gs08_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught for three years at the University of Calcutta and one more year at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> before joining the UNC faculty in 1965; although he has held visiting positions at other universities, he remained at Chapel Hill for the rest of his career.<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-profile_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the founding co-editor of two journals, <i>Sequential Analysis</i> and <i>Statistics and Decisions</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-gs08_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was joint editor-in-chief of the <i>Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference</i> from 1980 to 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sen died in <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a> on 31 December 2023, at the age of 86.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_graduate_advising">Research and graduate advising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pranab_K._Sen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research and graduate advising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sen was the author or co-author of multiple books on <a href="/wiki/Non-parametric_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-parametric statistics">non-parametric statistics</a>, the advisor of over 80 Ph.D. students, and the author of over 600 research publications.<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bps08_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bps08-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known for inventing the <a href="/wiki/Hodges%E2%80%93Lehmann_estimator" title="Hodges–Lehmann estimator">Hodges–Lehmann estimator</a> independently of and contemporaneously with Hodges and Lehmann<sup id="cite_ref-gs08_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for the <a href="/wiki/Theil%E2%80%93Sen_estimator" title="Theil–Sen estimator">Theil–Sen estimator</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Robust_regression" title="Robust regression">robust regression</a> that fits a line to two-dimensional sample points by choosing the slope of the fit line to be the median of the slopes of the lines through pairs of samples.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pranab_K._Sen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sen was a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Statistics" title="Institute of Mathematical Statistics">Institute of Mathematical Statistics</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the <a href="/wiki/American_Statistical_Association" title="American Statistical Association">American Statistical Association</a> (ASA).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the Cary C. Boshamer Professor in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the <a href="/wiki/Lukacs_Distinguished_Professor" title="Lukacs Distinguished Professor">Lukacs Distinguished Visiting Professor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University" title="Bowling Green State University">Bowling Green State University</a> in 1996–1997.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, he won the <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_E._Noether_Awards" title="Gottfried E. Noether Awards">Gottfried E. Noether Senior Scholar Award</a> of the ASA,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was the 2010 winner of its <a href="/wiki/Wilks_Memorial_Award" title="Wilks Memorial Award">Wilks Memorial Award</a> "for outstanding contributions to statistical research, especially in nonparametric statistics and biostatistics; and for exceptional service in mentoring doctoral students."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Padma_Awards_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padma_Awards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> awarded him an <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Calcutta_honorary_degree_recipients" title="List of University of Calcutta honorary degree recipients">honorary Doctor of Science</a> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, a <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">festschrift</a> was dedicated to him on the occasion of his 70th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-gs08_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bps08_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bps08-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_authored">Books authored</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pranab_K._Sen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Books authored"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSenSingerPedroso_de_Lima2010" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Pranab K.; Singer, Julio M.; Pedroso de Lima, Antonio (2010). <i>From Finite Sample to Asymptotic Methods in Statistics</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87722-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87722-0"><bdi>978-0-521-87722-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Finite+Sample+to+Asymptotic+Methods+in+Statistics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87722-0&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Pranab+K.&rft.au=Singer%2C+Julio+M.&rft.au=Pedroso+de+Lima%2C+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APranab+K.+Sen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHájekŠidákSen1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_H%C3%A1jek" title="Jaroslav Hájek">Hájek, Jaroslav</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zbyn%C4%9Bk_%C5%A0id%C3%A1k" title="Zbyněk Šidák">Šidák, Zbyněk</a>; Sen, Pranab K. (1999). <i>Theory of Rank Tests</i> (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-642350-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-642350-4"><bdi>0-12-642350-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Rank+Tests&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-12-642350-4&rft.aulast=H%C3%A1jek&rft.aufirst=Jaroslav&rft.au=%C5%A0id%C3%A1k%2C+Zbyn%C4%9Bk&rft.au=Sen%2C+Pranab+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APranab+K.+Sen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuriSen1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Puri" title="Madan Lal Puri">Puri, Madan L.</a>; Sen, Pranab K. (1985). <i>Nonparametric Methods in General Linear Models</i>. New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471702276" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471702276"><bdi>978-0471702276</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nonparametric+Methods+in+General+Linear+Models&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0471702276&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Madan+L.&rft.au=Sen%2C+Pranab+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APranab+K.+Sen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuriSen1971" class="citation book cs1">Puri, Madan L.; Sen, Pranab K. (1971). <i>Nonparametric Methods in Multivariate Analysis</i>. New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471702405" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471702405"><bdi>978-0471702405</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nonparametric+Methods+in+Multivariate+Analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0471702405&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Madan+L.&rft.au=Sen%2C+Pranab+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APranab+K.+Sen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pranab_K._Sen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stor.unc.edu/news-item/pranab-sen-obituary/">"Pranab K. Sen Obituary | UNC Statistics & Operations Research"</a>. <i>stor.unc.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stor.unc.edu&rft.atitle=Pranab+K.+Sen+Obituary+%7C+UNC+Statistics+%26+Operations+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstor.unc.edu%2Fnews-item%2Fpranab-sen-obituary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APranab+K.+Sen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profile-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-profile_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat-or.unc.edu/people/faculty/pranab-sen">Faculty profile</a>, UNC Chapel Hill, retrieved 3 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cv-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sph.unc.edu/images/stories/cv_storage/704289903_cv.pdf">Curriculum vitae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720092739/http://www.sph.unc.edu/images/stories/cv_storage/704289903_cv.pdf">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 3 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gs08-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gs08_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gs08_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gs08_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gs08_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gs08_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gs08_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhoshSchell2008" class="citation cs2">Ghosh, Malay; Schell, Michael J. 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Civil_Service85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Civil_Service" title="Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Civil Service"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Civil_Service" title="Template talk:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Civil Service"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Civil_Service" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Civil Service"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Civil_Service85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in Civil Service</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Dey" title="S. K. Dey">S. K. Dey</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apa_Pant" title="Apa Pant">Apa Pant</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlok_Singh_(economist)" title="Tarlok Singh (economist)">Tarlok Singh</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._P._Thorat" title="S. P. P. Thorat">S. P. P. Thorat</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewal Singh">Kewal Singh</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbaksh_Singh_Dhillon" title="Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon">Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon</a> (1957)</li> <li>Mathew Kandathil Mathulla (1959)</li> <li>Onkar Srinivasa Murthy (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Har_Mander_Singh" title="Har Mander Singh">Har Mander Singh</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuthakki_Bhanu_Prasad" title="Nuthakki Bhanu Prasad">Nuthakki Bhanu Prasad</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupada_Mukerjee" title="Bishnupada Mukerjee">Bishnupada Mukerjee</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challagalla_Narasimham" title="Challagalla Narasimham">Challagalla Narasimham</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Banerjee_(Indian_diplomat)" title="P. K. Banerjee (Indian diplomat)">P. K. Banerjee</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Krishna_Murti" title="N. G. Krishna Murti">N. G. Krishna Murti</a> (1963)</li> <li>Surinder Singh Bedi (1966)</li> <li>Sanganbasappa Mallangouda Patil (1966)</li> <li>Sardar Mohan Singh (1966)</li> <li>Kiran Chandra Banerjee (1967)</li> <li>Jehangir Shapurji Bhownagary (1968)</li> <li>Krishna Swaroop Mullick (1968)</li> <li>Chand Chhabra (1969)</li> <li>Kumar Nandan Prasad (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sunil Kumar Bhattacharya (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himangshu_Mohan_Choudhury" title="Himangshu Mohan Choudhury">Himangshu Mohan Choudhury</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajbir_Saran_Das" title="Brajbir Saran Das">Brajbir Saran Das</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Pande" title="B. D. Pande">B. D. Pande</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh_Sarkaria" title="Ranjit Singh Sarkaria">Ranjit Singh Sarkaria</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Krishnamurthy" title="V. Krishnamurthy">V. Krishnamurthy</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Zahoor_Qasim" title="Syed Zahoor Qasim">Syed Zahoor Qasim</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Ajit Chandra Chatterjee">Ajit Chandra Chatterjee</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Dar" title="Krishna Prasad Dar">Krishna Prasad Dar</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessie_Madan" title="Pessie Madan">Pessie Madan</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Wakankar" title="V. S. Wakankar">V. S. Wakankar</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangam_Philip" title="Thangam Philip">Thangam Philip</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangaswamy_Narasimhan" title="Rangaswamy Narasimhan">Rangaswamy Narasimhan</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Pothen" title="Paul Pothen">Paul Pothen</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Raju" title="B. V. Raju">B. V. Raju</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Gadgil" title="Madhav Gadgil">Madhav Gadgil</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Zainuddin_Juvale" title="Mohamed Zainuddin Juvale">Mohamed Zainuddin Juvale</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narla_Tata_Rao" title="Narla Tata Rao">Narla Tata Rao</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hamid_Ansari" title="Mohammad Hamid Ansari">Mohammad Hamid Ansari</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasdev_Singh" title="Jasdev Singh">Jasdev Singh</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Lakhina" title="Anil Kumar Lakhina">Anil Kumar Lakhina</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Inder_Singh" title="Ramesh Inder Singh">Ramesh Inder Singh</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Izhar_Alam" title="Mohammad Izhar Alam">Mohammad Izhar Alam</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbachan_Jagat" title="Gurbachan Jagat">Gurbachan Jagat</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinder_Singh_Brar" title="Avinder Singh Brar">Avinder Singh Brar</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbdeep_Singh_Virk" title="Sarbdeep Singh Virk">Sarbdeep Singh Virk</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_Pal_Singh_Gill" title="Kanwar Pal Singh Gill">Kanwar Pal Singh Gill</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ved_Marwah" title="Ved Marwah">Ved Marwah</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Madhav_Gokhale" title="Achyut Madhav Gokhale">Achyut Madhav Gokhale</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmoodur_Rehman" title="Mehmoodur Rehman">Mehmoodur Rehman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Singh" title="Prakash Singh">Prakash Singh</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inderjit_Kaur_Barthakur" title="Inderjit Kaur Barthakur">Inderjit Kaur Barthakur</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._K._Narayanan" title="M. K. Narayanan">M. K. Narayanan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._N._Saksena" title="J. N. Saksena">J. N. Saksena</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudh_Narayan_Shrivastava" title="Oudh Narayan Shrivastava">Oudh Narayan Shrivastava</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewang_Phunsog" title="Chewang Phunsog">Chewang Phunsog</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryadevara_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Suryadevara Ramachandra Rao">Suryadevara Ramachandra Rao</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E._Sreedharan" title="E. Sreedharan">E. Sreedharan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ahmed_Zaki" title="Mohammad Ahmed Zaki">Mohammad Ahmed Zaki</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syamal_Bhushan_Ghosh_Dastidar" title="Syamal Bhushan Ghosh Dastidar">Syamal Bhushan Ghosh Dastidar</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Karthikeyan" title="D. R. Karthikeyan">D. R. Karthikeyan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pranab K. Sen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parveen_Talha" title="Parveen Talha">Parveen Talha</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Rajaraman" title="P. V. Rajaraman">P. V. Rajaraman</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Vasudevan" title="R. Vasudevan">R. Vasudevan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwal_Sibal" title="Kanwal Sibal">Kanwal Sibal</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._Viswanathan" title="T. K. Viswanathan">T. K. Viswanathan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._S._Rathore" title="S. S. Rathore">S. S. Rathore</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(Nil) (2020)</li> <li>(Nil) (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruprasad_Mohapatra" title="Guruprasad Mohapatra">Guruprasad Mohapatra</a> (Posthumous) (2022)</li> <li>(Nil) (2023)</li> <li>(Nil) (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishore_Kunal" title="Kishore Kunal">Kishore Kunal</a> (Posthumous) (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3909884#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3909884#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3909884#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114621762">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85181137">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGVpmQYF9H89b9wkf8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124306942">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81024637">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12281252g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12281252g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0005211&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06866334X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90190330">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dghx9l56j0b82">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007430479705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14780850">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td 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