12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written”

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They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.</div> </a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link font-12 "> The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</span></div></div> </div> <article class="topic-content content"><div class="topic-paragraph font-serif md-list-intro pt-15 pb-20"><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/55/142355-131-EFF621AF/books-Stack-literature-pile-reading-entertainment-society-2010.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*0"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/55/142355-131-EFF621AF/books-Stack-literature-pile-reading-entertainment-society-2010.jpg?w=1000" alt="Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society" data-width="900" data-height="675" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">© Hemera/Thinkstock</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">Literary critics, historians, avid readers, and even casual readers will all have different opinions on which novel is truly the “greatest book ever written.” Is it a novel with beautiful, captivating figurative language? Or one with gritty realism? A novel that has had an immense social impact? Or one that has more subtly affected the world? Here is a list of 12 novels that, for various reasons, have been considered some of the greatest works of literature ever written. </p><span class="MOD"></span></div><ul class="list-unstyled md-mendel-list"><li><h2><em>Anna Karenina</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/175382-050-8B76E4A8/Greta-Garbo-Anna-Karenina-Clarence-Brown.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*187908"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/175382-050-8B76E4A8/Greta-Garbo-Anna-Karenina-Clarence-Brown.jpg?w=1000" alt="Anna Karenina (1935) Actress Greta Garbo as Anna Karenina in a scene from the film directed by Clarence Brown. Movie. Leo Tolstoy" data-width="1248" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/175382-050-8B76E4A8/Greta-Garbo-Anna-Karenina-Clarence-Brown.jpg" data-href="*187908">Greta Garbo in <em>Anna Karenina</em></a><span>Greta Garbo in <em>Anna Karenina</em> (1935), directed by Clarence Brown.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc.</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">Any fan of stories that involve juicy subjects like adultery, gambling, marriage plots, and, well, Russian feudalism, would instantly place <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anna-Karenina-novel" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Anna Karenina</a></em> at the peak of their “greatest novels” list. And that’s exactly the ranking that publications like <em>Time</em> magazine have given the novel since it was published in its entirety in 1878. Written by Russian novelist <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-Tolstoy" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Leo Tolstoy</a>, the eight-part towering work of fiction tells the story of two major characters: a tragic, disenchanted housewife, the titular <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anna-Karenina-fictional-character" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Anna</a>, who runs off with her young lover, and a lovestruck landowner named <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Konstantine-Levin" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Konstantin Levin</a>, who struggles in faith and philosophy. Tolstoy molds together thoughtful discussions on love, pain, and family in Russian society with a sizable cast of characters regarded for their realistic humanity. The novel was especially revolutionary in its treatment of women, depicting prejudices and social hardships of the time with vivid emotion.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-1"></span></li><li><h2><em>To Kill a Mockingbird</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/21/182021-050-666DB6B1/book-cover-To-Kill-a-Mockingbird-many-1961.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*205495"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/21/182021-050-666DB6B1/book-cover-To-Kill-a-Mockingbird-many-1961.jpg?w=1000" alt="Book cover (circa 2015?) To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee. Hardcover book first published July 11, 1960. Novel won 1961 Pulitzer Prize. Later made into an Academy Award winning film." data-width="990" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/21/182021-050-666DB6B1/book-cover-To-Kill-a-Mockingbird-many-1961.jpg" data-href="*205495"><em>To Kill a Mockingbird</em></a><span>This book cover is one of many given to Harper Lee's classic work <em>To Kill a Mockingbird</em> (1960). The novel won a Pulitzer Prize in 1961 and the next year was made into an Academy Award-winning film.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Grand Central Publishing/Hachette Book Group</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harper-Lee" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Harper Lee</a>, believed to be one of the most influential authors to have ever existed, famously published only a single novel (up until its controversial sequel was published in 2015 just before her death). Lee’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">To Kill a Mockingbird</a></em> was published in 1960 and became an immediate classic of literature. The novel examines racism in the American South through the innocent wide eyes of a clever young girl named Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch. Its iconic characters, most notably the sympathetic and just lawyer and father Atticus Finch, served as role models and changed perspectives in the United States at a time when tensions regarding race were high. <em>To Kill a Mockingbird</em> earned the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pulitzer-Prize" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Pulitzer Prize</a> for fiction in 1961 and was made into an <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird-film-1962" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Academy Award-winning film in 1962</a>, giving the story and its characters further life and influence over the American social sphere.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-2"></span></li><li><h2><em>The Great Gatsby</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/47/24647-050-E6E25F22/F-Scott-Fitzgerald.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*10696"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/47/24647-050-E6E25F22/F-Scott-Fitzgerald.jpg?w=1000" alt="F. Scott Fitzgerald" data-width="1151" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/47/24647-050-E6E25F22/F-Scott-Fitzgerald.jpg" data-href="*10696">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Public Domain</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/F-Scott-Fitzgerald" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Great-Gatsby" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">The Great Gatsby</a></em> is distinguished as one of the greatest texts for introducing students to the art of reading literature critically (which means you may have read it in school). The novel is told from the perspective of a young man named <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nick-Carraway" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Nick Carraway</a> who has recently moved to New York City and is befriended by his eccentric nouveau riche neighbor with mysterious origins, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jay-Gatsby" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Jay Gatsby</a>. <em>The Great Gatsby</em> provides an insider’s look into the Jazz Age of the 1920s in United States history while at the same time critiquing the idea of the “American Dream.” Perhaps the most famous aspect of the novel is its cover art—a piercing face projected onto a dark blue night sky and lights from a cityscape—an image that is also found, in a slightly different configuration, within the text itself as a key symbol.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-3"></span></li><li><h2><em>One Hundred Years of Solitude</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/03/11603-050-85A0D5EA/Gabriel-Garcia-Marquez-1982.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*10939"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/03/11603-050-85A0D5EA/Gabriel-Garcia-Marquez-1982.jpg?w=1000" alt="Garcia Marquez, 1982." data-width="1195" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/03/11603-050-85A0D5EA/Gabriel-Garcia-Marquez-1982.jpg" data-href="*10939">Gabriel García Márquez</a><span>Gabriel García Márquez, 1982.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">© Lutfi Ozkok</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">The late Colombian author <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gabriel-Garcia-Marquez" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Gabriel García Márquez</a> published his most famous work, <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/One-Hundred-Years-of-Solitude" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">One Hundred Years of Solitude</a></em>, in 1967. The novel tells the story of seven generations of the Buendía family and follows the establishment of their town Macondo until its destruction along with the last of the family’s descendents. In fantastical form, the novel explores the genre of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/magic-realism" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">magic realism</a> by emphasizing the extraordinary nature of commonplace things while mystical things are shown to be common. Márquez highlights the prevalence and power of myth and folktale in relating history and Latin American culture. The novel won many awards for Márquez, leading the way to his eventual honor of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Nobel Prize</a> for Literature in 1982 for his entire body of work, of which <em>One Hundred Years of Solitude</em> is often lauded as his most triumphant.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-4"></span></li><li><h2><em>A Passage to India</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/213827-050-60818431/movie-still-Passage-to-India-1984.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*246262"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/213827-050-60818431/movie-still-Passage-to-India-1984.jpg?w=1000" alt="Still from a Passage to India, 1984, directed by David Lean. Judy Davis as Adela Quested and Victor Banerjee" data-width="1600" data-height="1105" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/213827-050-60818431/movie-still-Passage-to-India-1984.jpg" data-href="*246262"><em>A Passage to India</em></a><span>A scene from the film <em>A Passage to India</em> (1984), which was based on E.M. Forster's novel.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Columbia Pictures</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/E-M-Forster" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">E.M. Forster</a> wrote his novel <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Passage-to-India-novel" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">A Passage to India</a></em> after multiple trips to the country throughout his early life. The book was published in 1924 and follows a Muslim Indian doctor named <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dr-Aziz" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Aziz</a> and his relationships with an English professor, Cyril Fielding, and a visiting English schoolteacher named <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adela-Quested" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Adela Quested</a>. When Adela believes that Aziz has assaulted her while on a trip to the Marabar caves near the fictional city of Chandrapore, where the story is set, tensions between the Indian community and the colonial British community rise. The possibility of friendship and connection between English and Indian people, despite their cultural differences and imperial tensions, is explored in the conflict. The novel’s colorful descriptions of nature, the landscape of India, and the figurative power that they are given within the text solidifies it as a great work of fiction.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-5"></span></li><li><h2><em>Invisible Man</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/79911-050-5C091BE6/Ralph-Ellison-1952.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*155568"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/79911-050-5C091BE6/Ralph-Ellison-1952.jpg?w=1000" alt="Head and shoulders portrait of American author Ralph Ellison, 1952. Photograph taken in advance of publication of his novel, "Invisible Man."" data-width="1207" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/79911-050-5C091BE6/Ralph-Ellison-1952.jpg" data-href="*155568">Ralph Ellison</a><span>Ralph Ellison, 1952.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">Often confused with H.G. Wells’s science-fiction novella of nearly the same name (just subtract a “The”), <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ralph-Ellison" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Ralph Ellison</a>’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Invisible-Man" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Invisible Man</a></em> is a groundbreaking novel in the expression of identity for the African American male. The narrator of the novel, a man who is never named but believes he is “invisible” to others socially, tells the story of his move from the South to college and then to New York City. In each location he faces extreme adversity and discrimination, falling into and out of work, relationships, and questionable social movements in a wayward and ethereal mindset. The novel is renowned for its surreal and experimental style of writing that explores the symbolism surrounding African American identity and culture. <em>Invisible Man</em> won the U.S. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/National-Book-Award" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">National Book Award</a> for Fiction in 1953.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-6"></span></li><li><h2><em>Don Quixote</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/12/154812-050-F5E63A51/Don-Quixote-Sancho-Panza-illustration-Miguel-de.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*165090"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/12/154812-050-F5E63A51/Don-Quixote-Sancho-Panza-illustration-Miguel-de.jpg?w=1000" alt="Don Quixote (right) and his servant Sancho Panza are pictured in an illustration from the book The History of Don Quixote, Volume 1, Complete by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. 1880 edition of J. W. Clark with illustrations by Gustave Dore." data-width="1226" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/12/154812-050-F5E63A51/Don-Quixote-Sancho-Panza-illustration-Miguel-de.jpg" data-href="*165090">Don Quixote</a><span>Don Quixote (right) and his servant Sancho Panza are pictured in an illustration from the book <em>Don Quixote</em>, by Miguel de Cervantes. The illustration appeared in an edition of the book that was published in the 1800s.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Project Gutenberg</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miguel-de-Cervantes" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Miguel de Cervantes</a>’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Don-Quixote-novel" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Don Quixote</a></em>, perhaps the most influential and well-known work of Spanish literature, was first published in full in 1615. The novel, which is very regularly regarded as one of the best literary works of all time, tells the story of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Don-Quixote-fictional-character" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">a man who takes the name “Don Quixote de la Mancha”</a> and sets off in a fit of obsession over romantic novels about <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/chivalry" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">chivalry</a> to revive the custom and become a hero himself. The character of Don Quixote has become an idol and somewhat of an archetypal character, influencing many major works of art, music, and literature since the novel’s publication. The text has been so influential that a word, <em>quixotic</em>, based on the Don Quixote character, was created to describe someone who is, “foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals; especially: marked by rash lofty romantic ideas or extravagantly chivalrous action.”</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-7"></span></li><li><h2><em>Beloved</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/42/227542-050-AB676E11/American-author-Toni-Morrison-circa-1980-87.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*260324"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/42/227542-050-AB676E11/American-author-Toni-Morrison-circa-1980-87.jpg?w=1000" alt="American author Toni Morrison at her upstate New York home, c. 1980-87." data-width="1375" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/42/227542-050-AB676E11/American-author-Toni-Morrison-circa-1980-87.jpg" data-href="*260324">Toni Morrison</a><span>Toni Morrison, c. 1980–87.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Bernard Gotfryd Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (reproduction no. LC-DIG-gtfy-02425)</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Toni-Morrison" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Toni Morrison</a>’s 1987 spiritual and haunting novel <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beloved-novel-by-Morrison" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Beloved</a></em> tells the story of an escaped slave named Sethe who has fled to Cincinnati, Ohio, in the year 1873. The novel investigates the trauma of slavery even after freedom has been gained, depicting Sethe’s guilt and emotional pain after having killed her own child, whom she named Beloved, to keep her from living life as a slave. A spectral figure appears in the lives of the characters and goes by the same name as the child, embodying the family’s anguish and hardship and making their feelings and past unavoidable. The novel was lauded for addressing the psychological effects of slavery and the importance of family and community in healing. <em>Beloved</em> was awarded the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pulitzer-Prize" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Pulitzer Prize</a> for fiction in 1988.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-8"></span></li><li><h2><em>Mrs. Dalloway</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/138382-050-2E8FCB26/Virginia-Woolf.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*160954"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/138382-050-2E8FCB26/Virginia-Woolf.jpg?w=1000" alt="1928 photo of Virginia Woolf a British author and member of the intelligentsia circle known as the Bloomsbury Group." data-width="1249" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/138382-050-2E8FCB26/Virginia-Woolf.jpg" data-href="*160954">Virginia Woolf</a><span>English novelist Virginia Woolf, 1928.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (neg. no. LC-USZ62-111438)</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">Possibly the most idiosyncratic novel of this list, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virginia-Woolf" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Virginia Woolf</a>’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mrs-Dalloway-novel-by-Woolf" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Mrs. Dalloway</a></em> describes exactly one day in the life of a British socialite named Clarissa Dalloway. Using a combination of a third-person narration and the thoughts of various characters, the novel uses a stream-of-consciousness style all the way through. The result of this style is a deeply personal and revealing look into the characters’ minds, with the novel relying heavily on character rather than plot to tell its story. The thoughts of the characters include constant regrets and thoughts of the past, their struggles with mental illness and post-traumatic stress from World War I, and the effect of social pressures. The novel’s unique style, subject, and time setting make it one of the most respected and regarded works of all time. </p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-9"></span></li><li><h2><em>Things Fall Apart</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/195909-050-25A22259/Chinua-Achebe.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*225053"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/195909-050-25A22259/Chinua-Achebe.jpg?w=1000" alt="Albert Chinualumogu Achebe, November 16 1930 - March 21, 2013 a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic" data-width="1600" data-height="1085" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/195909-050-25A22259/Chinua-Achebe.jpg" data-href="*225053">Chinua Achebe</a></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">ZUMAPRESS.com— Keystone Pictures/age fotostock</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">The Western canon of “great literature” often focuses on writers who come from North America or Europe and often ignores accomplished writers and amazing works of literature from other parts of the world. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chinua-Achebe" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Chinua Achebe</a>’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Things-Fall-Apart" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Things Fall Apart</a></em>, published in 1958, is one such work of Nigerian literature that had to overcome the bias of some literary circles and one that has been able to gain recognition worldwide despite it. The novel follows an Igbo man named Okonkwo, describing his family, the village in Nigeria where he lives, and the effects of British colonialism on his native country. The novel is an example of African postcolonial literature, a genre that has grown in size and recognition since the mid-1900s as African people have been able to share their often unheard stories of imperialism from the perspective of the colonized. The novel is frequently assigned for reading in courses on world literature and African studies.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-10"></span></li><li><h2><em>Jane Eyre</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/94/98994-050-2E304987/Illustration-edition-Fritz-Eichenberg-American-Jane-Eyre.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*154680"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/94/98994-050-2E304987/Illustration-edition-Fritz-Eichenberg-American-Jane-Eyre.jpg?w=1000" alt="Illustration by Fritz Eichenberg for an American edition of "Jane Eyre."" data-width="1096" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/94/98994-050-2E304987/Illustration-edition-Fritz-Eichenberg-American-Jane-Eyre.jpg" data-href="*154680"><em>Jane Eyre</em></a><span>Illustration by Fritz Eichenberg for an American edition of <em>Jane Eyre</em>. </span></span></div></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charlotte-Bronte" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Charlotte Brontë</a>’s <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jane-Eyre-novel-by-Bronte" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Jane Eyre</a></em>, another novel often assigned for reading in school, was initially published in 1847 under the pseudonym Currer Bell to disguise the fact that the writer was a woman. Fortunately, a lot has changed with regard to women in literature since 1847, and Brontë now receives the credit she deserves for one of the most groundbreaking novels about women in history. At a time when the author felt compelled to hide her true identity, <em>Jane Eyre</em> provided a story of individualism for women. The novel’s eponymous character rises from being orphaned and poor into a successful and independent woman. The work combines themes from both Gothic and Victorian literature, revolutionizing the art of the novel by focusing on the growth in Jane’s sensibility with internalized action and writing.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-11"></span></li><li><h2><em>The Color Purple</em></h2><div><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-descid="1"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/226659-050-4BD113B3/Alice-Walker-2005.jpg" target="_blank" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*258322"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/226659-050-4BD113B3/Alice-Walker-2005.jpg?w=1000" alt="Author Alice Walker attends the opening of "The Color Purple" at the Broadway Theatre December 1, 2005 in New York City. Writer novelist" data-width="1104" data-height="1600" loading="eager"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class=""><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif "><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" target="_blank" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/226659-050-4BD113B3/Alice-Walker-2005.jpg" data-href="*258322">Alice Walker</a><span>Alice Walker, 2005.</span></span></div><cite class="credit d-block mt-5">Brad Barket/Getty Images</cite></figcaption></figure><p class="topic-paragraph">Though the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/epistolary-novel" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">epistolary novel</a> (a novel in the form of letters written by one or more characters) was most popular before the 19th century, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alice-Walker" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Alice Walker</a> became a champion of the style with her 1982 novel <em><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Color-Purple" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">The Color Purple</a></em>, which won a <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pulitzer-Prize" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Pulitzer Prize</a> and a <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/National-Book-Award" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">National Book Award</a>. Set in the post-Civil War American South, the novel follows a young African American girl named Celie into adulthood in letters she writes to <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesus" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">God</a> and to her sister Nettie. Celie faces <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexual-abuse" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">sexual abuse</a> by her father and eventually her husband, chronicling her own suffering and growth as well as that of her friends and family. The novel explores themes of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexism" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">sexism</a>, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/racism" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">racism</a>, gender, sexual orientation, and disability through its grouping of disadvantaged and damaged characters who, over time, grow to shape their own lives. The story was adapted into an <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Academy-Award" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Academy Award</a>-nominated <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-the-motion-picture" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">film</a> in 1985 that, despite widespread critical acclaim, was notoriously snubbed of all 11 awards it was nominated for.</p><span class="MOD"></span></div><span class="LIST-ITEM-12"></span></li></ul><span class="AM-END-OF-ARTICLE am-inline"></span></article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="cm-rightrail d-none d-md-block ad-rail"></aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid gx-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="md-loading hidden display-4 font-weight-normal"></div> <div class="text-center my-20 mb-100"> <button class="md-infinite-load-next btn btn-blue" data-value="next-page">Load More</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-da-320 hidden-xs"> </div> </div></div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"List","templateName":null,"pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":10,"pageId":5778,"pageLength":null,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.130.14"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/list-page.js?v=3.130.14' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"B","adLeg":"B","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"List","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":null,"gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

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12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” | Britannica