Email Collection: Local Email Collection, Sub-technique T1114.001 - Enterprise

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang='en'> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-62667723-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-62667723-1'); </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="2oJKLqNN62z6AOCb0A0IXGtbQuj-lev5YPAHFF_cbHQ"/> <meta charset='utf-8'> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no'> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel='shortcut icon' href='/theme/favicon.ico' type='image/x-icon'> <title>Email Collection: Local Email Collection, Sub-technique T1114.001 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®</title>   <link rel='stylesheet' href='/theme/style/bootstrap.min.css' /> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/theme/style/bootstrap-tourist.css' /> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/theme/style/bootstrap-select.min.css' />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/theme/style/fontawesome-6.5.1/css/fontawesome.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/theme/style/fontawesome-6.5.1/css/brands.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/theme/style/fontawesome-6.5.1/css/solid.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/theme/style.min.css?6689c2db"> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid attack-website-wrapper d-flex flex-column h-100"> <div class="row sticky-top flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <header class="col px-0"> <nav class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark position-static'> <a class='navbar-brand' href='/'><img src="/theme/images/mitre_attack_logo.png" class="attack-logo"></a> <button class='navbar-toggler' type='button' data-toggle='collapse' data-target='#navbarCollapse' aria-controls='navbarCollapse' aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Toggle navigation'> <span class='navbar-toggler-icon'></span> </button> <div class='collapse navbar-collapse' id='navbarCollapse'> <ul class='nav nav-tabs ml-auto'> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="/matrices/" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>Matrices</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/matrices/enterprise/">Enterprise</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/matrices/mobile/">Mobile</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/matrices/ics/">ICS</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="/tactics/" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>Tactics</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/tactics/enterprise/">Enterprise</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/tactics/mobile/">Mobile</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/tactics/ics/">ICS</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="/techniques/" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>Techniques</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/techniques/enterprise/">Enterprise</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/techniques/mobile/">Mobile</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/techniques/ics/">ICS</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="/datasources" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>Defenses</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/datasources">Data Sources</a> <div class="dropright dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item dropdown-toggle" href="/mitigations/" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>Mitigations</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/mitigations/enterprise/">Enterprise</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/mitigations/mobile/">Mobile</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/mitigations/ics/">ICS</a> </div> </div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/assets">Assets</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="/groups" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>CTI</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/groups">Groups</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/software">Software</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="/resources/" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>Resources</b> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/">Get Started</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/learn-more-about-attack/">Learn More about ATT&CK</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/attackcon/">ATT&CKcon</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/attack-data-and-tools/">ATT&CK Data & Tools</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/faq/">FAQ</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact/">Engage with ATT&CK</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/versions/">Version History</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/resources/legal-and-branding/">Legal & Branding</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/benefactors/" class="nav-link" ><b>Benefactors</b></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://medium.com/mitre-attack/" target="_blank" class="nav-link"> <b>Blog</b>  <img src="/theme/images/external-site.svg" alt="External site" class="external-icon" /> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <button id="search-button" class="btn search-button">Search <div id="search-icon" class="icon-button search-icon"></div></button> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <div class="col px-0">   <div class="container-fluid banner-message"> Reminder: the TAXII 2.0 server will be <a href='https://medium.com/mitre-attack/introducing-taxii-2-1-and-a-fond-farewell-to-taxii-2-0-d9fca6ce4c58'>retiring on December 18</a>. Please switch to the <a href='https://github.com/mitre-attack/attack-workbench-taxii-server/blob/main/docs/USAGE.md'>TAXII 2.1 server</a> to ensure uninterrupted service. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/T1114">Email Collection</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Local Email Collection</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> <span id="subtechnique-parent-name">Email Collection:</span> Local Email Collection </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Other sub-techniques of Email Collection (3)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="active"> T1114.001 </td> <td class="active"> Local Email Collection </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1114/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1114.002"> T1114.002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1114/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1114.002"> Remote Email Collection </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1114/003/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1114.003"> T1114.003 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1114/003/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1114.003"> Email Forwarding Rule </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user’s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files.</p><p>Outlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="N. O'Bryan. (2018, May 30). Managing Outlook Cached Mode and OST File Sizes. Retrieved February 19, 2020."data-reference="Outlook File Sizes"><sup><a href="https://practical365.com/clients/office-365-proplus/outlook-cached-mode-ost-file-sizes/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in <code>C:\Users\<username>\Documents\Outlook Files</code> or <code>C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook</code>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft. (n.d.). Introduction to Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost). Retrieved February 19, 2020."data-reference="Microsoft Outlook Files"><sup><a href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/introduction-to-outlook-data-files-pst-and-ost-222eaf92-a995-45d9-bde2-f331f60e2790" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1114.001 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of: </span> <a href="/techniques/T1114">T1114</a> </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0009">Collection</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Windows </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The lowest level of permissions the adversary is required to be operating within to perform the (sub-)technique on a system">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Permissions Required: </span>User </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.0 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>19 February 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>24 March 2020 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1114.001" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1114/001/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1114.001" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1114/001/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0006"> G0006 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0006"> APT1 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0006">APT1</a> uses two utilities, GETMAIL and MAPIGET, to steal email. GETMAIL extracts emails from archived Outlook .pst files.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016."data-reference="Mandiant APT1"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0030"> S0030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0030"> Carbanak </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0030">Carbanak</a> searches recursively for Outlook personal storage tables (PST) files within user directories and sends them back to the C2 server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018."data-reference="FireEye CARBANAK June 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0114"> G0114 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0114"> Chimera </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0114">Chimera</a> has harvested data from victim's e-mail including through execution of <code>wmic /node:<ip> process call create "cmd /c copy c:\Users\<username>\<path>\backup.pst c:\windows\temp\backup.pst" copy "i:\<path>\<username>\My Documents\<filename>.pst"copy</code>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved September 12, 2024."data-reference="NCC Group Chimera January 2021"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218064220/https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0050"> S0050 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0050"> CosmicDuke </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0050">CosmicDuke</a> searches for Microsoft Outlook data files with extensions .pst and .ost for collection and exfiltration.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014."data-reference="F-Secure Cosmicduke"><sup><a href="https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0115"> S0115 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0115"> Crimson </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0115">Crimson</a> contains a command to collect and exfiltrate emails from Outlook.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016."data-reference="Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016"><sup><a href="https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0367"> S0367 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0367"> Emotet </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0367">Emotet</a> has been observed leveraging a module that scrapes email data from Outlook.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."data-reference="CIS Emotet Dec 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0363"> S0363 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0363"> Empire </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0363">Empire</a> has the ability to collect emails on a target system.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-9') id="scite-ref-9-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016."data-reference="Github PowerShell Empire"><sup><a href="https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="8" aria-describedby="qtip-8">[9]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0526"> S0526 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0526"> KGH_SPY </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0526">KGH_SPY</a> can harvest data from mail clients.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-10') id="scite-ref-10-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."data-reference="Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="9" aria-describedby="qtip-9">[10]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S1142"> S1142 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S1142"> LunarMail </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1142">LunarMail</a> can capture the recipients of sent email messages from compromised accounts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Jurčacko, F. (2024, May 15). To the Moon and back(doors): Lunar landing in diplomatic missions. Retrieved June 26, 2024."data-reference="ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moon-backdoors-lunar-landing-diplomatic-missions/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0059"> G0059 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0059"> Magic Hound </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0059">Magic Hound</a> has collected .PST archives.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-12') id="scite-ref-12-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018."data-reference="FireEye APT35 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="11" aria-describedby="qtip-11">[12]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0002"> C0002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0002"> Night Dragon </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0002">Night Dragon</a>, threat actors used RAT malware to exfiltrate email archives.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-13') id="scite-ref-13-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: "Night Dragon". Retrieved February 19, 2018."data-reference="McAfee Night Dragon"><sup><a href="https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="12" aria-describedby="qtip-12">[13]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0594"> S0594 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0594"> Out1 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0594">Out1</a> can parse e-mails on a target machine.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-14') id="scite-ref-14-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."data-reference="Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="13" aria-describedby="qtip-13">[14]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0192"> S0192 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0192"> Pupy </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0192">Pupy</a> can interact with a victim’s Outlook session and look through folders and emails.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-15') id="scite-ref-15-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018."data-reference="GitHub Pupy"><sup><a href="https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="14" aria-describedby="qtip-14">[15]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0650"> S0650 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0650"> QakBot </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0650">QakBot</a> can target and steal locally stored emails to support thread hijacking phishing campaigns.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-16') id="scite-ref-16-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Sette, N. et al. (2020, June 4). Qakbot Malware Now Exfiltrating Emails for Sophisticated Thread Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."data-reference="Kroll Qakbot June 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/cyber/qakbot-malware-exfiltrating-emails-thread-hijacking-attacks" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="15" aria-describedby="qtip-15">[16]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-17') id="scite-ref-17-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."data-reference="Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020"><sup><a href="https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="16" aria-describedby="qtip-16">[17]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-18') id="scite-ref-18-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021."data-reference="Kaspersky QakBot September 2021"><sup><a href="https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="17" aria-describedby="qtip-17">[18]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1039"> G1039 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1039"> RedCurl </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1039">RedCurl</a> has collected emails to use in future phishing campaigns.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-19') id="scite-ref-19-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Group-IB. (2020, August). RedCurl: The Pentest You Didn’t Know About. Retrieved August 9, 2024."data-reference="group-ib_redcurl1"><sup><a href="https://www.group-ib.com/resources/research-hub/red-curl/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="18" aria-describedby="qtip-18">[19]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0226"> S0226 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0226"> Smoke Loader </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0226">Smoke Loader</a> searches through Outlook files and directories (e.g., inbox, sent, templates, drafts, archives, etc.).<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-20') id="scite-ref-20-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018."data-reference="Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"><sup><a href="https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="19" aria-describedby="qtip-19">[20]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1035"> G1035 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1035"> Winter Vivern </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1035">Winter Vivern</a> delivered malicious JavaScript payloads capable of exfiltrating email messages from exploited email servers.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-21') id="scite-ref-21-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Matthieu Faou. (2023, October 25). Winter Vivern exploits zero-day vulnerability in Roundcube Webmail servers. Retrieved July 29, 2024."data-reference="ESET WinterVivern 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/winter-vivern-exploits-zero-day-vulnerability-roundcube-webmail-servers/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="20" aria-describedby="qtip-20">[21]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1041"> M1041 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1041"> Encrypt Sensitive Information </a> </td> <td> <p>Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1060"> M1060 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1060"> Out-of-Band Communications Channel </a> </td> <td> <p>Implement secure out-of-band alerts to notify security teams of unusual local email activities, such as mass forwarding or large attachments being sent, indicating potential data exfiltration attempts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-22') id="scite-ref-22-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Tyler Hudak. (2022, December 29). To OOB, or Not to OOB?: Why Out-of-Band Communications are Essential for Incident Response. Retrieved August 30, 2024."data-reference="TrustedSec OOB Communications"><sup><a href="https://trustedsec.com/blog/to-oob-or-not-to-oob-why-out-of-band-communications-are-essential-for-incident-response" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="21" aria-describedby="qtip-21">[22]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0017"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0017">DS0017</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0017">Command</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0017/#Command%20Execution">Command Execution</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor executed commands and arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0022"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022">DS0022</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0022">File</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022/#File%20Access">File Access</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for unusual processes accessing local email files that may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://practical365.com/clients/office-365-proplus/outlook-cached-mode-ost-file-sizes/" target="_blank"> N. O'Bryan. (2018, May 30). Managing Outlook Cached Mode and OST File Sizes. Retrieved February 19, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/introduction-to-outlook-data-files-pst-and-ost-222eaf92-a995-45d9-bde2-f331f60e2790" target="_blank"> Microsoft. (n.d.). Introduction to Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost). Retrieved February 19, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" target="_blank"> Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html" target="_blank"> Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218064220/https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/" target="_blank"> Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved September 12, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-6" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-6" href="https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf" target="_blank"> F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-7" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-7" href="https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf" target="_blank"> Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-8" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-8" href="https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/" target="_blank"> CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-9" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-9" href="https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire" target="_blank"> Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-10" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-10" href="https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite" target="_blank"> Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-11" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-11" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moon-backdoors-lunar-landing-diplomatic-missions/" target="_blank"> Jurčacko, F. (2024, May 15). To the Moon and back(doors): Lunar landing in diplomatic missions. Retrieved June 26, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="12.0"> <li> <span id="scite-12" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-12" href="https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf" target="_blank"> Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-13" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-13" href="https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf" target="_blank"> McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-14" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-14" href="https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html" target="_blank"> Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-15" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-15" href="https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" target="_blank"> Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-16" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-16" href="https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/cyber/qakbot-malware-exfiltrating-emails-thread-hijacking-attacks" target="_blank"> Sette, N. et al. (2020, June 4). Qakbot Malware Now Exfiltrating Emails for Sophisticated Thread Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved September 27, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-17" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-17" href="https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381" target="_blank"> Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-18" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-18" href="https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/" target="_blank"> Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-19" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-19" href="https://www.group-ib.com/resources/research-hub/red-curl/" target="_blank"> Group-IB. (2020, August). RedCurl: The Pentest You Didn’t Know About. Retrieved August 9, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-20" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-20" href="https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more" target="_blank"> Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-21" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-21" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/winter-vivern-exploits-zero-day-vulnerability-roundcube-webmail-servers/" target="_blank"> Matthieu Faou. (2023, October 25). Winter Vivern exploits zero-day vulnerability in Roundcube Webmail servers. Retrieved July 29, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-22" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-22" href="https://trustedsec.com/blog/to-oob-or-not-to-oob-why-out-of-band-communications-are-essential-for-incident-response" target="_blank"> Tyler Hudak. (2022, December 29). To OOB, or Not to OOB?: Why Out-of-Band Communications are Essential for Incident Response. Retrieved August 30, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">×</div> </div> </div>  <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results">  </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&CK content v16.1Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> © 2015 - 2024, The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. </small> </div> </div> <div class="w-100 p-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="col pr-4"> <div class="footer-float-right-responsive-brand"> <div class="row row-footer row-footer-icon"> <div class="mb-1"> <a href="https://twitter.com/MITREattack" class="btn btn-footer"> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter fa-lg"></i> </a> <a href="https://github.com/mitre-attack" class="btn btn-footer"> <i class="fa-brands fa-github fa-lg"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div>  </div>  <script src="/theme/scripts/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/site.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/search_bundle.js"></script>  <script src="/theme/scripts/resizer.js"></script>  <script src="/theme/scripts/bootstrap-tourist.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/tour/tour-subtechniques.js"></script> <script src="/theme/scripts/sidebar-load-all.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Email Collection: Local Email Collection, Sub-technique T1114.001 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®