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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1le%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_mlha" title="Válečná mlha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válečná mlha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebel_des_Krieges" title="Nebel des Krieges – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nebel des Krieges" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5jaudu" title="Sõjaudu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõjaudu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niebla_de_guerra" title="Niebla de guerra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Niebla de guerra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerra_laino" title="Gerra laino – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gerra laino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="غبار جنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غبار جنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouillard_de_guerre" title="Brouillard de guerre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brouillard de guerre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceo_cogaidh" title="Ceo cogaidh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceo cogaidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%A5%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%88%EA%B0%9C" title="전장의 안개 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전장의 안개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebbia_di_guerra" title="Nebbia di guerra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nebbia di guerra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91" title="ערפל קרב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערפל קרב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಅಂತಿಮಜಯದ ಅನಿಶ್ಚಿತತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂತಿಮಜಯದ ಅನಿಶ್ಚಿತತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_k%C3%B6de" title="Háború köde – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háború köde" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekeliruan_perang" title="Kekeliruan perang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekeliruan perang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%AE%E9%9C%A7" title="戦場の霧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="戦場の霧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigst%C3%A5ke" title="Krigståke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krigståke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mg%C5%82a_wojny" title="Mgła wojny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mgła wojny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9voa_da_guerra" title="Névoa da guerra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Névoa da guerra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Туман войны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туман войны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojnov%C3%A1_hmla" title="Vojnová hmla – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vojnová hmla" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodan_sumu" title="Sodan sumu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sodan sumu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigsdimma" title="Krigsdimma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Krigsdimma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="หมอกสงคราม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมอกสงคราม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Туман війни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туман війни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E8%BF%B7%E9%9C%A7" title="戰爭迷霧 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戰爭迷霧" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E8%BF%B7%E9%9B%BE" title="战争迷雾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="战争迷雾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Uncertainty in situational awareness experienced by participants in military operations</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the military phrase. For the documentary film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Fog_of_War" title="The Fog of War">The Fog of War</a>.</div> <p> The <b>fog of war</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Nebel des Krieges</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">uncertainty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Situational_awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Situational awareness">situational awareness</a> experienced by participants in <a href="/wiki/Military_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations">military operations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term seeks to capture the uncertainty regarding one's own capability, adversary capability, and adversary <a href="/wiki/Intent_(Military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intent (Military)">intent</a> during an engagement, operation, or campaign. Military forces try to reduce the fog of war through <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> and friendly force tracking systems. </p><p>The term has become commonly used to define uncertainty mechanics in <a href="/wiki/War_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="War gaming">wargames</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "fog" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Nebel</i>), but not the exact phrase, in reference to 'uncertainty in war' was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> military analyst <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a> in his posthumously published book, <i>Vom Kriege</i> (1832), the English translation of which was published as <i><a href="/wiki/On_War" title="On War">On War</a></i> (1873): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>War is the realm of uncertainty; three quarters of the factors on which action in war is based are wrapped in a fog of greater or lesser uncertainty. A sensitive and discriminating judgment is called for; a skilled intelligence to scent out the truth.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Carl von Clausewitz<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>It has been pointed out that von Clausewitz does not use the exact phrase "fog of war", and also uses multiple similar metaphors, such as "twilight" and "moonlight", to describe a 'lack of clarity'.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known use of the exact phrase in text dates to 1836 in a poem entitled "The Battle of Bunker Hill" by <a href="/wiki/McDonald_Clarke" title="McDonald Clarke">McDonald Clarke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem describes an assault by British forces upon an American redoubt during the 1775 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a>: </p> <div class="poem"> <p>"Will they dare a third attack? <br /> Is a question seen in every eye; Old Put across the neck and back,<br /> Rides slowly, their vengeance to defy—<br /> Wildy, in that deadly hour, <br /> The Ramparts shove their bolted shower, <br /> While mid the waving fog of war, <br /> Thunders the Yankee’s loud hurrah"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> <p>The first known attempt to explicitly define the "fog of war" in a military text was made in 1896 in a book titled <i>The Fog of War</i> by Sir Lonsdale Augustus Hale, where it is described as "the state of ignorance in which commanders frequently find themselves as regards the real strength and position, not only of their foes, but also of their friends."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The fog of war is a reality in all military conflict. Precision and certainty are unattainable goals, but modern military doctrine suggests a trade-off of precision and certainty for speed and agility. Militaries employ <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> (C2) systems and doctrine to partially alleviate the fog of war. </p><p>The term also applies to the experience of individual soldiers in battle: often cited is the pure confusion of direction, location, and perspective on a battlefield. Officers and soldiers become separated, orders become confused and subject to revision with poor communication. Sounds and vision are limited from the perspective of the individual and may not be easily resolved, resulting in a continuing uncertainty, a perceptual "fog". </p><p>The fog of war has been decreasing as <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance</a> technology is improving. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> Gen. <a href="/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark A. Milley">Mark A. Milley</a> stated that "On the future <a href="/wiki/Battlefield" title="Battlefield">battlefield</a>, if you stay in one place longer than two or three hours, you will be dead... With enemy drones and sensors constantly on the hunt for targets, there won't even be time for four hours' unbroken sleep."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simulations_and_games">Simulations and games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Simulations and games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg/220px-Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg/330px-Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg/440px-Richard_III_from_Columbia_Games.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Block_wargame" title="Block wargame">block wargame</a>, <i>Richard III</i> by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Games" title="Columbia Games">Columbia Games</a>, showing the fog of war in play: the red player can see the identity of his own pieces, but not those of the white player.</figcaption></figure> <p>Abstract and military <a href="/wiki/Board_game" title="Board game">board games</a> sometimes try to capture the effect of the fog of war by hiding the identity of playing pieces, by keeping them face down or turned away from the opposing player (as in <i><a href="/wiki/Stratego" title="Stratego">Stratego</a></i>) or covered (as in <i><a href="/wiki/Squad_Leader" title="Squad Leader">Squad Leader</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Other games, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dark_chess" title="Dark chess">Dark chess</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegspiel_(chess)" title="Kriegspiel (chess)">Kriegspiel</a></i> chess-<a href="/wiki/Chess_variants#Chess_with_incomplete_information_and/or_elements_of_chance" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess variants">variants</a>, playing pieces could be hidden from the players by using a duplicate, hidden game board.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another version of fog of war emulation is used by <a href="/wiki/Block_wargame" title="Block wargame">block wargaming</a> where, much like <i>Stratego</i>, the blocks face each player, hiding their value. However, this also allows for incremental damage, where the block is rotated up to four times to indicate battle damage before the unit is eliminated from the playing field.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Solitaire games also by their nature attempt to recreate fog of war using random dice rolls or card draws to determine events.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complex double-blind <a href="/wiki/Miniature_wargame" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniature wargame">miniature wargames</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Military_simulation" title="Military simulation">military simulations</a>, may make use of two identical maps or model landscapes, one or more referees providing limited intelligence to the opposing sides, participants in the roles of sub-unit leaders, and the use of radio sets or intercoms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_video_games">In video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png/220px-Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png/330px-Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png/440px-Freeciv-net-screenshot-2011-06-23.png 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="923" /></a><figcaption>In the computer game <i><a href="/wiki/Freeciv" title="Freeciv">Freeciv</a></i>, completely unexplored areas are fully black, while explored but currently unobserved areas are covered in a grey shroud.</figcaption></figure> <p>A computer's ability to effectively hide information from a player is seen as a distinct advantage over board games when simulating war.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fog of war in <a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">strategy video games</a> refers to enemy units, and often terrain, being hidden from the player; this is lifted once the area is explored, but the information is often fully or partially re-hidden whenever the player does not have a unit in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest use of fog of war was in the 1977 game <i><a href="/wiki/Empire_(1977_video_game)" title="Empire (1977 video game)">Empire</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bright" title="Walter Bright">Walter Bright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another early use of fog of war was the 1978 game <i><a href="/wiki/Tanktics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanktics">Tanktics</a></i> designed by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Crawford_(game_designer)" title="Chris Crawford (game designer)">Chris Crawford</a>, which was criticized for its unreliable and "confusing" fog of war system.<sup id="cite_ref-proctor198201_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proctor198201-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crawford, in 1982, suggested "limit[ing] the amount of information available to the human player" to compensate for the computer's lack of intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-crawford198212_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawford198212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1988 <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i> article <a href="/wiki/Dave_Arneson" title="Dave Arneson">Dave Arneson</a> called fog of war "one of the biggest 'plus' factors in computer simulations", while Crawford concluded, using <i>Tanktics</i> as an example, that video game fog of war systems became less "fun" the more realistic they were, leading the medium to instead use simplified systems.<sup id="cite_ref-CGW_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two large <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard</a> franchises, <i><a href="/wiki/Warcraft" title="Warcraft">Warcraft</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/StarCraft" title="StarCraft">StarCraft</a></i>, use a fog of war which only reveals terrain features and enemy units through a player's <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a>. Without a unit actively observing, previously revealed areas of the map are subject to a shroud through which only terrain is visible, but changes in enemy units or bases are not.<sup id="cite_ref-StarCraft_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarCraft-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also common in both turn-based and real-time strategy games, such as <i><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Close_Combat_(series)" title="Close Combat (series)"><i>Close Combat</i> series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Total_War_(video_game_series)" title="Total War (video game series)"><i>Total War</i> series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Empires_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of Empires (series)"><i>Age of Empires</i> series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Command_%26_Conquer:_Red_Alert_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Command & Conquer: Red Alert series"><i>Red Alert</i> series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wars_(series)" title="Wars (series)"><i>Advance Wars</i> series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire Emblem (series)"><i>Fire Emblem</i> series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Meier" title="Sid Meier">Sid Meier</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Civilization_(series)" title="Civilization (series)"><i>Civilization</i> series</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander (series)"><i>Supreme Commander</i> series</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Fog of war gives players an incentive to uncover a game's world. A compulsion to reveal obscured parts of a map has been described to give a sense of exploring the unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-gamechurch_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamechurch-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crawford said that "reasonable" uses of fog of war, such as needing to send out scouts, "not only seem natural, but ... add to the realism and excitement of the game"<sup id="cite_ref-crawford198212_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawford198212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Prince" title="Merchant Prince">Merchant Prince</a></i> displays over unexplored territory what <i>Computer Gaming World</i> described as a "<a href="/wiki/Here_be_dragons" title="Here be dragons">renaissance-style map of dubious accuracy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-carter199404_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter199404-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some strategy games that make use of fog of war, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial intelligence (video games)">enemy AI</a> may have knowledge of the positions of all other units and buildings on the map regardless, to compensate for lack of true intelligence, which players may consider as cheating if discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A designer may use fog of war to keep a game that has become impossible to win enjoyable, by hiding this fact from the player.<sup id="cite_ref-StarCraft_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarCraft-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C4ISTAR" class="mw-redirect" title="C4ISTAR">C4ISTAR</a> (Command, Control, Communication, Computing, Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C5%93il" title="Coup d'œil">Coup d'œil</a> (able to discern tactics <i>at a glance</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerspitzengef%C3%BChl" title="Fingerspitzengefühl">Fingerspitzengefühl</a> (instinctive response)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a> (weather phenomenon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network-centric_warfare" title="Network-centric warfare">Network-centric warfare</a> (1990s theory from the US DoD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility,_uncertainty,_complexity_and_ambiguity" class="mw-redirect" title="Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity">VUCA</a> (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Command_and_Staff_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Command and Staff College">Joint Service Command and Staff College</a>, Advanced Command and Staff Course Notes dated 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl von Clausewitz, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slantchev.ucsd.edu/courses/ps143a/readings/Clausewitz%20-%20On%20War,%20Books%201%20and%208.pdf">Vom Kriege</a></i>, Book 1, Chapter 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEugenia_C._Kiesling2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenia_C._Kiesling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenia C. Kiesling (page does not exist)">Eugenia C. Kiesling</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clausewitz.com/bibl/Kiesling-OnFog.pdf">"On War Without the Fog"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Military Review<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+War+Without+the+Fog&rft.pub=Military+Review&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Eugenia+C.+Kiesling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clausewitz.com%2Fbibl%2FKiesling-OnFog.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley2022" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Kim (2022). <i>Uncertainty Engineering: A Genealogy of the Fog of War</i> (PhD). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=breakingdefense.com&rft.atitle=Miserable%2C+Disobedient+%26+Victorious%3A+Gen.+Milley%27s+Future+US+Soldier&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Freedberg&rft.aufirst=Sydney+J.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbreakingdefense.com%2F2016%2F10%2Fmiserable-disobedient-victorious-gen-milleys-future-us-soldier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Squad Leader Rulebook</i>, 4th Edition, section 25.0.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvariants.com/incinf.dir/kriegspiel.html">Kriegspiel</a> by Hans L. Bodlaender.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulsipher2012" class="citation book cs1">Pulsipher, Lewis (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CmUY_RCnwgIC&pg=PA227"><i>Game Design: How to Create Video and Tabletop Games, Start to Finish</i></a>. McFarland. p. 227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-46952-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-46952-9"><bdi>978-0-786-46952-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Design%3A+How+to+Create+Video+and+Tabletop+Games%2C+Start+to+Finish&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-786-46952-9&rft.aulast=Pulsipher&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCmUY_RCnwgIC%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSipe1984" class="citation magazine cs1">Sipe, Russell, ed. (April 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1984&pub=2&id=15">"Carrier Force: The Fog of War at its Foggiest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i>. Vol. 4, no. 2. pp. 22, 47<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=Carrier+Force%3A+The+Fog+of+War+at+its+Foggiest&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=22%2C+47&rft.date=1984-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1984%26pub%3D2%26id%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2014" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Ernest (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm1jAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA510"><i>Fundamentals of Game Design</i></a> (3 ed.). <a href="/wiki/New_Riders_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="New Riders Press">New Riders Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-92967-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-92967-9"><bdi>978-0-321-92967-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Game+Design&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=New+Riders+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-321-92967-9&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLm1jAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewin2012" class="citation book cs1">Lewin, Christopher George (2012). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howell.seattle.wa.us/ggggd/StarcraftsSteps.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StarCraft%27s+Steps&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howell.seattle.wa.us%2Fggggd%2FStarcraftsSteps.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamechurch-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gamechurch_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStowe" class="citation web cs1">Stowe, Jonah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gamechurch.com/power-knowledge-and-the-fog-of-war/">"Power, Knowledge and the Fog of War"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamechurch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamechurch (page does not exist)">Gamechurch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamechurch&rft.atitle=Power%2C+Knowledge+and+the+Fog+of+War&rft.aulast=Stowe&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgamechurch.com%2Fpower-knowledge-and-the-fog-of-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carter199404-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carter199404_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Carter, Tim (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117">"The Prince Of Bribes"</a>. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. pp. 150, 152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=The+Prince+Of+Bribes&rft.pages=150%2C+152&rft.date=1994-04&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagelbäckJohansson2008" class="citation book cs1">Hagelbäck, Johan; Johansson, Stefan J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/cig08/Proceedings/papers/8052.pdf">"Dealing with fog of war in a Real Time Strategy game environment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42368"><i>2008 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games</i></a>. IEEE. pp. 55–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FCIG.2008.5035621">10.1109/CIG.2008.5035621</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-2973-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-2973-8"><bdi>978-1-4244-2973-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19086">19086</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2014</span> – via The University of Western Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dealing+with+fog+of+war+in+a+Real+Time+Strategy+game+environment&rft.btitle=2008+IEEE+Symposium+on+Computational+Intelligence+and+Games&rft.pages=55-62&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19086%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FCIG.2008.5035621&rft.isbn=978-1-4244-2973-8&rft.aulast=Hagelb%C3%A4ck&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft.au=Johansson%2C+Stefan+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csse.uwa.edu.au%2Fcig08%2FProceedings%2Fpapers%2F8052.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFog+of+war" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fog_of_war&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220051918/http://www.mar.mil.br/caaml/Revista/2007/Ingles/05-Pag14.pdf">The Fog of War and Friction in Current Conflicts: Fundamental Aspects of the Management of Modern Conflicts</a> Article by LCdr (Brazilian Navy) Osvaldo P. Caninas.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P7511.pdf">Simulating the Fog of War</a> Paper by RAND Corporation John K. Setear, February 1989.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/2292/63474/Wheatley-2022-thesis.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y">Uncertainty Engineering: A Genealogy of the Fog of War</a> PhD thesis outlining a genealogy of the fog of war, and martial conceptions of uncertainty more generally, by Kim Wheatley, 2022.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Magic_(game_terminology)" title="Magic (game terminology)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_hit" title="Critical hit">Critical hit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boss_(video_games)" title="Boss (video games)">Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_bot" title="Video game bot">Bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">Non-player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_mechanics" title="Game mechanics">Mechanics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collision_detection" title="Collision detection">Collision detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutscene" title="Cutscene">Cutscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_tree" title="Dialogue tree">Dialogue tree</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#In_video_games">Fog of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_over" title="Game over">Game over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HUD_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="HUD (video gaming)">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_wall" title="Invisible wall">Invisible wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Item_(game_terminology)" title="Item (game terminology)">Item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_sight_(video_games)" title="Line of sight (video games)">Line of sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loading_screen" title="Loading screen">Loading screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_doll_(video_games)" title="Paper doll (video games)">Paper doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Password_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Password (video games)">Password</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permadeath" title="Permadeath">Permadeath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">Power-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(video_games)" title="Quest (video games)">Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_time_event" title="Quick time event">Quick time event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_encounter" title="Random encounter">Random encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replay_value" title="Replay value">Replay value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saved_game" title="Saved game">Saved game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripted_sequence" title="Scripted sequence">Scripted sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawning_(video_games)" title="Spawning (video games)">Spawning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistic_(role-playing_games)" title="Statistic (role-playing games)">Stats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_effect" title="Status effect">Status effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_controls" title="Tank controls">Tank controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turns,_rounds_and_time-keeping_systems_in_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems in games">Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_(video_games)" title="Warp (video games)">Warp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_travel" title="Fast travel">Fast travel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scenery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destructible_environment" title="Destructible environment">Destructible environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instance_dungeon" title="Instance dungeon">Instance dungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_stage" title="Bonus stage">Bonus stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-map" title="Mini-map">Mini-map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_generation" title="Procedural generation">Procedural generation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Map_seed" title="Map seed">Map seed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overworld" title="Overworld">Overworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skybox_(video_games)" title="Skybox (video games)">Skybox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movement techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_jumping" title="Rocket jumping">Rocket jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strafing_(video_games)" title="Strafing (video games)">Strafing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms of play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Competitive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedrunning" title="Speedrunning">Speedrunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_and_secure" title="Advance and secure">Advance and secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_(gaming)" title="Campaign (gaming)">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_the_flag" title="Capture the flag">Capture the flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathmatch_(video_games)" title="Deathmatch (video games)">Deathmatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_man_standing_(video_games)" title="Last man standing (video games)">Last man standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Game_Plus" title="New Game Plus">New Game Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_mode" title="Survival mode">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_hill_(game)" title="King of the hill (game)">King of the hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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