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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去歷史細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期觀察" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期觀察"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>早期觀察</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期觀察-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後來發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後來發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>後來發展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後來發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>物理性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-環" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#環"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>環</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-環-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">土星環</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有64種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_se_ringe" title="Saturnus se ringe – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saturnus se ringe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="حلقات زحل – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلقات زحل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniellos_de_Saturnu" title="Aniellos de Saturnu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aniellos de Saturnu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnun_halqalar%C4%B1" title="Saturnun halqaları – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Saturnun halqaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زوحل حلقه‌لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زوحل حلقه‌لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кольцы Сатурна – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кольцы Сатурна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кольцы Сатурна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кольцы Сатурна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Пръстени на Сатурн – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пръстени на Сатурн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="སྤེན་པའི་གདུབ་ཀོར། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྤེན་པའི་གདུབ་ཀོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnovi_prstenovi" title="Saturnovi prstenovi – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Saturnovi prstenovi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anells_de_Saturn" title="Anells de Saturn – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anells de Saturn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بازنەکانی کەیوان – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بازنەکانی کەیوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prstence_Saturnu" title="Prstence Saturnu – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prstence Saturnu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringe_des_Saturn" title="Ringe des Saturn – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ringe des Saturn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Δακτύλιοι του Κρόνου – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δακτύλιοι του Κρόνου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rings of Saturn" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringoj_de_Saturno" title="Ringoj de Saturno – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ringoj de Saturno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anillos_de_Saturno" title="Anillos de Saturno – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anillos de Saturno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturni_r%C3%B5ngad" title="Saturni rõngad – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saturni rõngad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnoren_eraztunak" title="Saturnoren eraztunak – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saturnoren eraztunak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="حلقه‌های زحل – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلقه‌های زحل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnuksen_renkaat" title="Saturnuksen renkaat – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saturnuksen renkaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneaux_de_Saturne" title="Anneaux de Saturne – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anneaux de Saturne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneis_de_Saturno" title="Aneis de Saturno – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aneis de Saturno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BAyno_ku%27as%C3%A3ngu%C3%A9ra" title="Satúyno ku'asãnguéra – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Satúyno ku'asãnguéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99" title="טבעות שבתאי – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבעות שבתאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="शनि के छल्ले – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शनि के छल्ले" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnovi_prsteni" title="Saturnovi prsteni – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saturnovi prsteni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%85%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սատուրնի օղակներ – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սատուրնի օղակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincin_Saturnus" title="Cincin Saturnus – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cincin Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anelli_di_Saturno" title="Anelli di Saturno – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anelli di Saturno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E3%81%AE%E7%92%B0" title="土星の環 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土星の環" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="토성의 고리 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토성의 고리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ng_vum_Saturn" title="Réng vum Saturn – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Réng vum Saturn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturno_%C5%BEiedai" title="Saturno žiedai – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saturno žiedai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturna_gredzeni" title="Saturna gredzeni – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saturna gredzeni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Сатурнови прстени – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сатурнови прстени" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelang_Zuhal" title="Gelang Zuhal – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelang Zuhal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringen_van_Saturnus" title="Ringen van Saturnus – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ringen van Saturnus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringane_til_Saturn" title="Ringane til Saturn – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ringane til Saturn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturns_ringer" title="Saturns ringer – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saturns ringer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A8ls_de_Saturne" title="Anèls de Saturne – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anèls de Saturne" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcienie_Saturna" title="Pierścienie Saturna – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierścienie Saturna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%90_%DA%A9%DA%93%DB%8D" title="د زهل سیارې کړۍ – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د زهل سیارې کړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A9is_de_Saturno" title="Anéis de Saturno – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anéis de Saturno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inelele_lui_Saturn" title="Inelele lui Saturn – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inelele lui Saturn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кольца Сатурна – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кольца Сатурна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnovi_prsteni" title="Saturnovi prsteni – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saturnovi prsteni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94" title="සෙනසුරු ග්‍රහ‍යාගේ වළලු – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙනසුරු ග්‍රහ‍යාගේ වළලු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rings of Saturn" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prstence_Saturna" title="Prstence Saturna – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prstence Saturna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnovi_obro%C4%8Di" title="Saturnovi obroči – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Saturnovi obroči" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unazat_e_Saturnit" title="Unazat e Saturnit – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Unazat e Saturnit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Сатурнови прстенови – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сатурнови прстенови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringe_fon_Saturn" title="Ringe fon Saturn – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ringe fon Saturn" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnus_ringar" title="Saturnus ringar – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saturnus ringar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วงแหวนของดาวเสาร์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงแหวนของดาวเสาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%BCrn%27%C3%BCn_halkalar%C4%B1" title="Satürn'ün halkaları – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Satürn'ün halkaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кільця Сатурна – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кільця Сатурна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%DB%81_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B2%D8%AD%D9%84" title="حلقہ ہائے زحل – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حلقہ ہائے زحل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A0nh_%C4%91ai_Sao_Th%E1%BB%95" title="Vành đai Sao Thổ – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vành đai Sao Thổ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" title="土星环 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土星环" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="土星環 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土星環" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-chhe%E2%81%BF_kho%C3%A2n" title="Thó͘-chheⁿ khoân – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-chheⁿ khoân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg/350px-PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg/525px-PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg/700px-PIA17172_Saturn_eclipse_mosaic_bright_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8400" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>土星環</figcaption></figure> <p><b>土星環</b>係<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="行星環">環</a>，亦都係<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" title="太陽系">太陽系</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>嘅行星環入面最突出同明顯嘅。 </p><p>土星環由好多小顆粒組成，大細由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="微米">微米</a>去到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3_(%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="米 (長度)">米</a>都有<sup id="cite_ref-Questions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Questions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而呢啲顆粒圍繞土星運行。佢哋主要由<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">水冰</a>組成，夾雜住一啲岩石成分。 </p><p>雖然環嘅反射增加咗土星嘅亮度，但喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>仍然用唔倒<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%9C%BC%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F" title="肉眼觀察">肉眼</a>睇佢哋。喺1610年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>用望遠鏡觀察土星，即使佢睇唔清土星環實際係點，但佢仍然成為第一個觀察土星環嘅人。1655年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF" title="惠更斯">惠更斯</a>係第一個將土星環描述做圍住土星嘅盤狀物嘅人<sup id="cite_ref-solarviews_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solarviews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_the_rings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期觀察"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E8.A7.80.E5.AF.9F"></span>早期觀察</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 早期觀察"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png/220px-Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png/330px-Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png/440px-Anillos_de_Satruno_-_Galileo_Galilei.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>伽利略寫畀<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cosimo II de' Medici" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosimo_II_de%27_Medici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosimo II de' Medici (無呢版)">Cosimo II de' Medici</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="extiw" title="en:Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</span></a></span>）</span></span>嗰封信</figcaption></figure> <p>1610年，伽利略係第一個用佢嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡">望遠鏡</a>觀察土星環嘅人，但無法識別佢哋，佢喺寫畀<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cosimo II de' Medici" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosimo_II_de%27_Medici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosimo II de' Medici (無呢版)">Cosimo II de' Medici</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="extiw" title="en:Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</span></a></span>）</span></span>封信入面話：「土星唔係得一件，而係由三個部分組成，呢啲部分幾乎相互接觸，彼此冇相對嘅運動，將佢哋連埋一齊，會形成一條同<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" title="黃道">黃道</a>平行嘅線，而且中間（土星本身）比兩面環大三倍<sup id="cite_ref-Whitehouse2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>」佢仲將呢啲環當做土星嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="耳仔">耳仔</a>。1612年，土星環以側面對住地球，伽利略睇唔倒環，佢好困惑，仲話「土星吞咗佢個仔？」。喺1613年，伽利略又睇到環，令佢更加困惑<sup id="cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_the_rings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1655年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF" title="惠更斯">惠更斯</a>用佢更好嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡">望遠鏡</a>觀測到完整嘅土星環，發表咗個<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%8E%E8%AA%9E" title="謎語">字謎</a>：aaaaaaacccccdeeeeeghiiiiiiillllmmnnnnnnnnnooooppqrrstttttuuuuu<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，三年後，佢透露字謎係噉解：Annuto cingitur、tenui、plano、nusquam coherente、ad eclipticam inclinato（土星被一個薄同平坦嘅環環繞着，冇掂到任何地方，仲對黃道傾斜）<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_the_rings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell1937_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell1937-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="後來發展"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E4.BE.86.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>後來發展</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 後來發展"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1675年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西尼">卡西尼</a>確定土星環由好多小環組成，中間有縫<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中最明顯嘅環縫喺冇耐之後被命名為卡西尼環縫。卡西尼環縫喺A環同B環之間，寬度有4800 公里<sup id="cite_ref-Cassini_Division_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassini_Division-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1787年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="拉普拉斯">拉普拉斯</a>證明土星環唔係由均勻嘅實心環組成，仲認為呢啲環係由好多<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="固體">固體</a>小環組成<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_of_the_rings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell1859_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell1859-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-solarviews_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solarviews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1859年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB%E9%BA%A5%E5%A3%AB%E7%B6%AD" title="占士麥士維">占士麥士維</a>證明土星環唔係固體，如果係固體，會因為唔穩定而碎裂。佢話環係由好多小顆粒組成，每個都獨立噉環繞著土星<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。透過光譜學嘅研究，Lick Observatory嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="占士基勒 (無呢版)">占士基勒</a>喺1895年證實咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB%E9%BA%A5%E5%A3%AB%E7%B6%AD" title="占士麥士維">占士麥士維</a>嘅學說<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>喺1979年9月、1980年11月、1981年8月同2004年7月，分別有四艘<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" title="太空船">太空船</a>去到土星附近觀察到土星環，佢哋分別係<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%8B%9211%E8%99%9F" title="先鋒11號">先鋒11號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%851%E8%99%9F" title="航行者1號">航行者1號</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%852%E8%99%9F" title="航行者2號">航行者2號</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西尼號">卡西尼號</a>。先鋒11號喺1979年9月最接近土星，距離土星20,900<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="公里">公里</a><sup id="cite_ref-NasaPioneer11_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaPioneer11-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並發現咗F環<sup id="cite_ref-NasaPioneer11_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaPioneer11-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。航行者1號喺1980年11月最近土星，離土星64,200公里<sup id="cite_ref-JplVoyager_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JplVoyager-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，一個唔成功嘅光偏振儀令航行者1號無法以計劃好嘅解像度觀察土星環，但航行者1號影嘅相畀咗環嘅細節，仲發現咗G環<sup id="cite_ref-NasaVoyager1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaVoyager1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。航行者2號喺1981年8月以41,000公里嘅距離最近土星<sup id="cite_ref-JplVoyager_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JplVoyager-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，航行者2號運作倒嘅光偏振儀令佢可以更好咁觀察土星環，仲發現咗好多小環<sup id="cite_ref-NasaVoyager2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaVoyager2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。卡西尼號喺2004年7月進入土星軌道<sup id="cite_ref-NasaCassiniDates_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaCassiniDates-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，佢嘅圖像係到而家為止最詳細嘅圖像，並發現咗更多小環<sup id="cite_ref-JplCassiniRings_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JplCassiniRings-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理性質"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>物理性質</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 物理性質"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>密集嘅主要環帶從赤道上方7000公里延伸到80,000公里，但估計佢嘅厚度只有10米<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並且99.9%都係冰，仲參雜着少少雜質，好似有機化合物托林或矽酸鹽<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。主要環帶入面嘅顆粒大細由1<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">厘米</a>去到10<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="米">米</a>都有<sup id="cite_ref-Zebker85_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zebker85-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>土星環入面有好多縫隙，有啲因為土星嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="衛星">衛星</a>同土星環軌道共振引起嘅<sup id="cite_ref-Burns2001_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burns2001-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，有啲仲未知道成因。 </p><p>卡西尼號嘅數據話土星環有自己嘅大氣層，獨立於行星本身嘅大氣層。大氣入面有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>分子（O2），由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽">太陽</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>同土星環嘅冰<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="相互作用">相互作用</a>而產生。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="環"><span id=".E7.92.B0"></span>環</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 環"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:2208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2007年5月9號由卡西尼號嘅小角度攝影機影嘅影像，由左至右依序為D、C、B、卡西尼環縫、A同F環。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/2200px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="2200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/3300px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg/4400px-Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11795" data-file-height="1425" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_rings_dark_side_mosaic.jpg" title="File:Saturn's rings dark side mosaic.jpg"> </a></div>2007年5月9號由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西尼號">卡西尼號</a>嘅小角度攝影機影嘅影像，由左至右依序為D、C、B、卡西尼環縫、A同F環。</div></div></div> <p>環係由佢哋被發現嘅順序按<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="字母">字母</a>順序命名<sup id="cite_ref-NASAsaturn_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAsaturn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，A同B環喺1675年被卡西尼發現，C環喺1850年由 William Cranch Bond 同佢個仔 George Phillips Bond 發現，D環由 Nikolai P. Barabachov 同 B. Semejkin 喺1933年發現，E環喺1967年被 Walter A. Feibelman 發現，而兩艘太空船<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%8B%9211%E8%99%9F" title="先鋒11號">先鋒11號</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%852%E8%99%9F" title="航行者2號">航行者2號</a>分別喺1979年同1980年分別發現咗F同G環。 </p><p>從土星延伸出去嘅主要環係C，B，A環，而卡西尼環縫將A同B環分開。D環好微弱，離土星最近。狹窄嘅F環喺A環外面。而G同E環就更微弱。呢啲環都有大量結構，一啲同土星衛星擾動有關，但有好多解釋唔倒<sup id="cite_ref-NASAsaturn_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAsaturn-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="行星環">行星環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0)}.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output 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left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPorco" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Porco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Porco (無呢版)">Porco, Carolyn</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003073842/http://www.ciclops.org/sci/common_questions.php#ring">"Questions around Saturn's rings"</a>. <i>CICLOPS web site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciclops.org/sci/common_questions.php#ring">原著</a>喺2012-10-03歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2012-10-05</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CICLOPS+web+site&rft.atitle=Questions+around+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.aulast=Porco&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciclops.org%2Fsci%2Fcommon_questions.php%23ring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solarviews-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-solarviews_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-solarviews_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solarviews.com/eng/saturnbg.htm">"Historical Background of Saturn's Rings"</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6AckPhClE?url=http://www.solarviews.com/eng/saturnbg.htm">歸檔</a>喺2012-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2006-03-08</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Background+of+Saturn%27s+Rings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solarviews.com%2Feng%2Fsaturnbg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_of_the_rings-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-2">3.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-history_of_the_rings_3-3">3.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBaalke" class="citation web cs1">Baalke, Ron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321071339/http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/back.html">"Historical Background of Saturn's Rings"</a>. <i>Saturn Ring Plane Crossings of 1995–1996</i>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/back.html">原著</a>喺2009-03-21歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2007-05-23</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saturn+Ring+Plane+Crossings+of+1995%E2%80%931996&rft.atitle=Historical+Background+of+Saturn%27s+Rings&rft.aulast=Baalke&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsaturn%2Fback.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitehouse2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whitehouse2009_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehouse2009" class="citation book cs1">Whitehouse, David (2009). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit"><i>Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei and His Legacy to Modern Science</i></a></span>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4027-6977-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4027-6977-1"><bdi>978-1-4027-6977-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/434563173">434563173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Genius%3A+Galileo+Galilei+and+His+Legacy+to+Modern+Science&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F434563173&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-6977-1&rft.aulast=Whitehouse&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frenaissancegeniu0000whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBorello1655" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borello, Petro (1655). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibdig.museogalileo.it/Teca/Viewer?an=300919"><i>De Vero Telescopii Inventore …</i></a> [<i>On the true inventor of the telescope …</i>] (拉丁文). The Hague, Netherlands: Adriaan Vlacq. pp. 62–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Vero+Telescopii+Inventore+%E2%80%A6&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Adriaan+Vlacq&rft.date=1655&rft.aulast=Borello&rft.aufirst=Petro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibdig.museogalileo.it%2FTeca%2FViewer%3Fan%3D300919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span> Huygens' logogriph appears in the reproduction of a letter by him (<i>De Saturni Luna</i> (On Saturn's moon)), at the bottom of p. 63 of the <i>Liber Secundus de Conspiciliis</i> … [Book Two, On [early] Telescopes … ], in which the pages are numbered separately from those in the first book.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHuygens1659" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Huygens, Christiaan (1659). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/cristianihugeni00huyga-0"><i>Systema Saturnium</i></a> (拉丁文). The Hague, Netherlands: Adriaan Vlacq. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systema+Saturnium&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Adriaan+Vlacq&rft.date=1659&rft.aulast=Huygens&rft.aufirst=Christiaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.si.edu%2Fdigital-library%2Fbook%2Fcristianihugeni00huyga-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell1937-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell1937_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1937" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Campbell (無呢版)">Campbell, John W., Jr.</a> (April 1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jolomo.net/solarsystem/notes.html">"Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jolomo.net/solarsystem/1937.04.html"><i>Beyond the Life Line</i></a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astounding_Stories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astounding Stories (無呢版)">Astounding Stories</a></i>. pp. 81–85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notes&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Life+Line&rft.pages=81-85&rft.date=1937-04&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John+W.%2C+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjolomo.net%2Fsolarsystem%2Fnotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCassini1677" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cassini (1677). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015075984354&view=1up&seq=466&skin=2021">"Observations nouvelles touchant le globe & l'anneau de Saturne"</a> [New observations concerning the globe and the ring of Saturn]. <i>Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences</i> (法文). <b>10</b>: 404–405.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+Royale+des+Sciences&rft.atitle=Observations+nouvelles+touchant+le+globe+%26+l%27anneau+de+Saturne&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=404-405&rft.date=1677&rft.au=Cassini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015075984354%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D466%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassini_Division-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cassini_Division_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/cassini_division.html">"Saturn's Cassini Division"</a>. StarChild. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704120636/http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/cassini_division.html">歸檔</a>喺2007-07-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2007-07-06</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saturn%27s+Cassini+Division&rft.pub=StarChild&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarchild.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2FStarChild%2Fsolar_system_level2%2Fcassini_division.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Place1787" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">La Place (1787). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89047#page/355/mode/1up">"Mémoire sur la théorie de l'anneau de Saturne"</a> [Memoir on the theory of the ring of Saturn]. <i>Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris</i> (法文): 249–267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+Royale+des+Sciences+de+Paris&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9moire+sur+la+th%C3%A9orie+de+l%27anneau+de+Saturne&rft.pages=249-267&rft.date=1787&rft.au=La+Place&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F89047%23page%2F355%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maxwell1859-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell1859_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html">"James Clerk Maxwell on the nature of Saturn's rings"</a>. JOC/EFR. March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2007-07-08</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Clerk+Maxwell+on+the+nature+of+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.pub=JOC%2FEFR&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2F~history%2FExtras%2FMaxwell_Saturn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html">"James Clerk Maxwell on the nature of Saturn's rings"</a>. JOC/EFR. March 2006. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525070842/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html">歸檔</a>喺2019-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2007-07-08</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Clerk+Maxwell+on+the+nature+of+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.pub=JOC%2FEFR&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2F~history%2FExtras%2FMaxwell_Saturn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFKeeler1895" class="citation journal cs1">Keeler, J. E. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073165006&view=1up&seq=391&skin=2021">"A spectroscopic proof of the meteoric constitution of Saturn's rings"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrophysical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrophysical Journal (無呢版)">Astrophysical Journal</a></i>. <b>1</b>: 416–427. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (無呢版)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1895ApJ.....1..416K">1895ApJ.....1..416K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F140074">10.1086/140074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+spectroscopic+proof+of+the+meteoric+constitution+of+Saturn%27s+rings&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=416-427&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F140074&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1895ApJ.....1..416K&rft.aulast=Keeler&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015073165006%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D391%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFБѣлополъский1895" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Бѣлополъский, Ар. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97471#page/495/mode/1up">"Изслѣдованіе смѣщенія линій въ спектҏѣ Сатурна и его кольца"</a> [An investigation of the shift of lines in the spectrum of Saturn and of its ring]. <i>Иӡвѣстія Императорской Академіи Наукъ (Bulletin of the Imperial Academy of Science)</i>. 5th series (俄文). <b>3</b> (4): 379–403.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D3%A1%D0%B2%D1%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A+%28Bulletin+of+the+Imperial+Academy+of+Science%29&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%A3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%A3%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%8A+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D2%8F%D1%A3+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=379-403&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D1%A3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D1%80.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F97471%23page%2F495%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NasaPioneer11-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NasaPioneer11_15-0">15.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NasaPioneer11_15-1">15.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFDunford" class="citation web cs1">Dunford, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051756/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer11/indepth">"Pioneer 11 – In Depth"</a>. <i>NASA web site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer11/indepth">原著</a>喺2015-12-08歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2015-12-03</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+web+site&rft.atitle=Pioneer+11+%E2%80%93+In+Depth&rft.aulast=Dunford&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fpioneer11%2Findepth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JplVoyager-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JplVoyager_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JplVoyager_16-1">16.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAngrum" class="citation web cs1">Angrum, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/factsheet.html">"Voyager – The Interstellar Mission"</a>. <i>JPL/NASA web site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2015-12-03</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JPL%2FNASA+web+site&rft.atitle=Voyager+%E2%80%93+The+Interstellar+Mission&rft.aulast=Angrum&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoyager.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Ffactsheet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NasaVoyager1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NasaVoyager1_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFDunford" class="citation web cs1">Dunford, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003054711/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager1/indepth">"Voyager 1 – In Depth"</a>. <i>NASA web site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager1/indepth">原著</a>喺2015-10-03歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2015-12-03</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+web+site&rft.atitle=Voyager+1+%E2%80%93+In+Depth&rft.aulast=Dunford&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fvoyager1%2Findepth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NasaVoyager2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NasaVoyager2_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFDunford" class="citation web cs1">Dunford, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager2/indepth">"Voyager 2 – In Depth"</a>. <i>NASA web site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2015-12-03</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+web+site&rft.atitle=Voyager+2+%E2%80%93+In+Depth&rft.aulast=Dunford&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fvoyager2%2Findepth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NasaCassiniDates-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NasaCassiniDates_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFDunford" class="citation web cs1">Dunford, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413070348/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/dates">"Cassini – Key Dates"</a>. <i>NASA web site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/dates">原著</a>喺2017-04-13歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2015-12-03</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+web+site&rft.atitle=Cassini+%E2%80%93+Key+Dates&rft.aulast=Dunford&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fcassini%2Fdates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JplCassiniRings-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JplCassiniRings_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPiazza" class="citation web cs1">Piazza, Enrico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/index.cfm?SciencePageID=55">"Cassini Solstice Mission: About Saturn & Its Moons"</a>. <i>JPL/NASA web site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2015-12-03</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JPL%2FNASA+web+site&rft.atitle=Cassini+Solstice+Mission%3A+About+Saturn+%26+Its+Moons&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=Enrico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaturn.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fscience%2Findex.cfm%3FSciencePageID%3D55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCornell_University_News_Service2005" class="citation web cs1">Cornell University News Service (2005-11-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/11/051110220809.htm">"Researchers Find Gravitational Wakes In Saturn's Rings"</a>. ScienceDaily. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110402110340/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/11/051110220809.htm">歸檔</a>喺2011-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2008-12-24</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Researchers+Find+Gravitational+Wakes+In+Saturn%27s+Rings&rft.pub=ScienceDaily&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.au=Cornell+University+News+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2005%2F11%2F051110220809.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson,_P.D._and_16_co-authors2008" class="citation journal cs1">Nicholson, P.D. and 16 co-authors (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Icar..193..182N">"A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (journal) (無呢版)">Icarus</a></i>. <b>193</b>: 182–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2007.08.036">10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114221608/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Icar..193..182N">歸檔</a>喺2017-11-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2008-12-27</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=A+close+look+at+Saturn%27s+rings+with+Cassini+VIMS&rft.volume=193&rft.pages=182-212&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2007.08.036&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+P.D.+and+16+co-authors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2008Icar..193..182N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zebker85-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zebker85_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFZebker,_H.A.,_Marouf,_E.A.,_and_Tyler,_G.L.1985" class="citation journal cs1">Zebker, H.A., Marouf, E.A., and Tyler, G.L. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Icar...64..531Z">"Saturn's rings - Particle size distributions for thin layer model"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (journal) (無呢版)">Icarus</a></i>. <b>64</b>: 531–548. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0019-1035%2885%2990074-0">10.1016/0019-1035(85)90074-0</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908233529/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Icar...64..531Z">歸檔</a>喺2018-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2008-12-27</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Saturn%27s+rings+-+Particle+size+distributions+for+thin+layer+model&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=531-548&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0019-1035%2885%2990074-0&rft.au=Zebker%2C+H.A.%2C+Marouf%2C+E.A.%2C+and+Tyler%2C+G.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1985Icar...64..531Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burns2001-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Burns2001_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsHamiltonShowalter2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Burns, J.A.; 等 (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.umd.edu/~hamilton/research/preprints/BurHamSho01.pdf">"Dusty Rings and Circumplanetary Dust: Observations and Simple Physics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 出自 Grun, E.; Gustafson, B. A. S.; Dermott, S. T.; Fechtig H. (編). <i>Interplanetary Dust</i>. Berlin: Springer. pp. 641–725. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (無呢版)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001indu.book..641B">2001indu.book..641B</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-3-540-42067-5" title="Special:書本來源/978-3-540-42067-5"><bdi>978-3-540-42067-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dusty+Rings+and+Circumplanetary+Dust%3A+Observations+and+Simple+Physics&rft.btitle=Interplanetary+Dust&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=641-725&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001indu.book..641B&rft.isbn=978-3-540-42067-5&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+D.P.&rft.au=Showalter%2C+M.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.umd.edu%2F~hamilton%2Fresearch%2Fpreprints%2FBurHamSho01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASAsaturn-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NASAsaturn_25-0">25.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NASAsaturn_25-1">25.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527141504/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Rings">"Solar System Exploration: Planets: Saturn: Rings"</a>. <i>Solar System Exploration</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Rings">原著</a>喺2010-05-27歸檔.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System+Exploration&rft.atitle=Solar+System+Exploration%3A+Planets%3A+Saturn%3A+Rings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fprofile.cfm%3FObject%3DSaturn%26Display%3DRings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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